‎⁨فحص المباني الجاهزة مطور⁩

Existing Quality Training
& Inspection Program
Inspection Book
VERSION 2021
Existing Quality Program
Inspection Book 2021
Content
1.0 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................................... 3

2.0 SCOPE ...................................................................................................................................................................... 3
3.0 PURPOSE AND MODELLING ................................................................................................................................ 11
3.1 TASK AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF AN 3RD PARTY BUILDING QUALITY INSPECTOR .......................................................... 11
3.2 EXISTING BUILDINGS – DETACHED HOUSE OR MULTIPLE OCCUPANCY BUILDINGS ........................................................ 12
4.0 DOCUMENTATION ................................................................................................................................................. 25

5.0 TECHNICAL CRAFTS ............................................................................................................................................ 26
5.1 MASONRY WORK ...................................................................................................................................................... 26
5.2 CONCRETE / REINFORCED CONCRETE ....................................................................................................................... 31
5.3 SEALING: ROOF, TERRACE, SOCKET .......................................................................................................................... 36
5.4 PLASTERING WORKS INSIDE AND OUTSIDE ................................................................................................................ 53
5.5 SCREED WORKS, FLOORING WORKS, NATURAL AND CONCRETE STONE WORKS, TILE WORKS, PARQUET FLOORING ...... 56
5.6 WINDOWS WITH GLAZING AND MOUNTING .................................................................................................................. 90
5.7 SEALING OF BATHROOMS/WET ROOMS ...................................................................................................................... 98
5.8 PLUMBING WORK................................................................................................................................................... 104
5.9 METAL WORKS ....................................................................................................................................................... 116
5.10 PAINTING AND PAPERHANGING WORKS.................................................................................................................... 132
5.11 LANDSCAPING WORKS / EXTERNAL WORKS ............................................................................................................. 138
5.12 HVAC-SYSTEMS .................................................................................................................................................... 147
5.13 CENTRAL WATER HEATING ...................................................................................................................................... 167
5.14 GAS INSTALLATION WORKS..................................................................................................................................... 180
5.15 WATER AND WASTEWATER INSTALLATION WORK ...................................................................................................... 189
5.16 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS, EARTHING AND EQUOPOTENTIAL BONDING .................................................................. 232
5.17 FIRE PROTECTION .................................................................................................................................................. 250
5.18 DOORS – WOOD AND METAL ................................................................................................................................... 271
6.0 REFERENCES...................................................................................................................................................... 284
© TÜV SÜD 2021 Page 2 of 285

1.0 Introduction
Inspections at existing buildings will enable the house-owner or buyer to conduct a building quality concept. This is of imminent
need and basis to acknowledge defects on site, especially to identify indications of quality issues up to structural damages with
potential for consequential loss. The inspections as a quality check are part of an ongoing building quality program to improve
the building quality significantly.
2.0 Scope
The scope of the inspection program is the inspection of:
1) Villas (detached one family dwelling).
2) Duplexes (detached two family dwelling)
3) Townhouses: adjacent dwellings that are connected from two sides.
which meet the following:
1) Maximum number of stories above ground plane: three stories.
2) Maximum number of stories below ground plane: one story.
3) Every dwelling has a separate means of egress.
Townhouse must meet all four criteria:

1) It is not more than three stories in height.
2) It has a separate means of egress.
3) Each unit extends from foundation to roof.
4) There is open space on at least two sides.

The applicable code:

The requirements of the inspection book are based on the Saudi Building Residential Code SBC 1101, and SBC 1102 and
Mostadam's quality requirements.
The Saudi Building Code General SBC-201
The Saudi Building Code General Requirements (SBC 201) provides

minimum requirements for the public safety, health, and general
welfare of the occupants of new and existing buildings and
structures.
The code primarily addresses structural strength, means of egress,
sanitation, adequate lighting and ventilation, accessibility, energy
conservation and life safety in regard to new and existing buildings,
facilities and systems. The Code also prescribes minimum structural
loading requirements for use in the design and construction of
buildings and structural components.

The Saudi Loading Code SBC-301
Saudi Building Code SBC 301 provides minimum load requirements

for the design of buildings and other structures.
SBC 301 describes the means for determining design loads
including: dead, live, soil, flood, rain, earthquake, and wind as well
as how to assess load combinations.
The Saudi Construction Code SBC-302
The Saudi Building Code for Construction (SBC 302) provides the
requirements for the design and safety of formwork, construction
requirements for structural concrete, and requirements for agencies
engaged in inspection and testing of materials.
The Saudi Building Code for

Soils and Foundations SBC-303
The Saudi Building Code for Soils and Foundations

referred to as SBC 303 provides minimum requirements
pertaining to material properties of soils, and design and
construction of foundation systems.
SBC 303 covers: geotechnical investigations;
excavation grading and fill; presumptive load-bearing of
soils; spread footings; foundation walls; retaining walls;
combined footings and mats; design for expansive soils;
design for collapsible soils; design for sabkha soils;
design for vibratory loads; damp-proofing and
waterproofing; and deep foundations.

The Building Code for Concrete Structures SBC-

304
The Building Code requirements for Concrete

Structures (SBC 304) provides minimum requirements
for the materials, design and detailing of concrete
buildings for ensuring public safety and health.
The SBC 304 addresses structural systems, members,
and connections, including cast-in-place, precast, plain,
non-prestressed, prestressed, and composite
construction.

Masonry Structures SBC-305
The Saudi Building Code for Masonry Structures (SBC

305) provides minimum requirements for the structural
design and construction of masonry elements consisting
of masonry units bedded in mortar.
SBC 305 and addresses the structural design of both
structural and non-structural masonry elements. The
nonstructural elements are primarily masonry veneer,
glass unit masonry, and masonry partitions.

The Saudi Building Code for Steel Structures SBC-

306
The Saudi Building Code for Steel Structures (SBC 306)

provides minimum requirements for the structural
design and construction of structural steel system or
systems with structural steel acting compositely with
reinforced concrete.
The Saudi Electrical Code SBC-401
The Electrical Requirements provide a common set of

regulations for applications to the electrical installations in
buildings in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Up to the date of
issuing this edition, a variety of standards and/or
requirements are applied in the design and installation of
electrical installation works.
The Saudi Mechanical Code SBC-501
The Saudi Mechanical Code (SBC 501) is a Code that regulates

the design and installation of mechanical systems,
appliances, appliance venting, duct and ventilation systems,
combustion air provisions, hydronic systems and solar
systems. SBC 501 provides minimum requirements to
establish the minimum acceptable level of safety and to
protect life and property from the potential dangers
associated with the installation and operation of mechanical
systems. The Code also provides the minimum requirements
to protect the personnel that installs, maintain, service and
replaces the systems and appliances addressed by this Code.

The Saudi Energy Conservation Code Except

Residential SBC-601
The Saudi Energy Conservation Code (SBC 601)

provides minimum energy efficiency requirements for all
types of buildings, with the exception of low-rise
residential buildings, in Saudi Arabia. SBC 601
addresses energy conservation requirements for all
aspects of energy used in residential construction,
including heating and ventilating, lighting, water heating,
and power usage for appliances and building systems.
SBC 602 sets forth minimum requirements for exterior
envelope insulation, window and door U-factors and
SHGC ratings, duct insulation, lighting and power
efficiency, and water distribution insulation.
The Saudi Energy Conservation Code for

Residential Buildings SBC-602
The Saudi Energy Conservation Code (SBC 602) provides minimum

energy efficiency requirements for low- rise residential buildings in
Saudi Arabia. SBC 602 addresses energy conservation
requirements for all aspects of energy used in residential
construction, including heating and ventilating, lighting, water
heating, and power usage for appliances and building systems. SBC
602 sets forth minimum requirements for exterior envelope
insulation, window and door U-factors and SHGC ratings, duct
insulation, lighting and power efficiency, and water distribution
insulation.
The Saudi Building Plumbing SBC-701
The Saudi Building Plumbing (SBC 701) is a Code that

regulates the design and installation of plumbing
systems including the plumbing fixtures in the buildings.
SBC 701 addresses general plumbing regulations,
fixture requirements, water heater installations and
systems for water distribution, sanitary drainage, special
wastes, venting, storm drainage and medical gases.
The purpose of the SBC 701 is to the establish the
minimum acceptable level of safety to protect life and
property from the potential dangers associated with
supplying potable water to plumbing fixtures and outlets
and the conveyance of bacteria-laden wastewater from
fixtures.

Saudi Private Sewage Disposal Code SBC-702
Saudi Private Sewage Disposal Code (SBC 702)

provides minimum requirements for the installation of
new or the alteration of existing private sewage disposal
systems. Where a building cannot be served by a public
sewer system, the building site must be provided with a
system for treating the wastewater generated from the
use of plumbing fixtures in the building.
SBC 702 addresses site evaluations, materials, various
soil absorption systems, holding tanks, cesspools and
on-site waste-water treatment systems.
The Saudi Fire Code SBC-801
The Saudi Fire code (SBC 801) provides minimum fire

prevention, fire protection, life safety and safe storage
and use of hazardous materials in new and existing
buildings, facilities and processes.
SBC 801 regulates the various hazards that may be
housed within the building, including refrigeration
systems, application of flammable finishes, fueling of
motor vehicles, high-piled combustible storage and the
storage and use of hazardous materials.
SBC 801 sets minimum requirements for maintaining
the life safety of building occupants, the protection of
emergency responders, and to limit the damage to a
building and its contents as the result of a fire, explosion
or unauthorized hazardous material discharge.
The Saudi Existing Building Code SBC-901
The Saudi Existing Building Code (SBC 901) provides

alternative approaches to repair, alteration and
additions to existing buildings.
SBC 901 provides three main options for a designer in
dealing with alterations of existing buildings.
▪ OPTION 1: in accordance with the Prescriptive
Compliance Method given in Chapter 4.
▪ OPTION 2: in accordance with the Work Area
Compliance Method given in Chapters 5 through
13.
▪ OPTION 3: in accordance with the Performance
Compliance Method given in Chapter 14.


Green Construction SBC-1001
SBC 1001 is intended to safeguard the environment,

public health, safety, and general welfare through the
establishment of requirements to reduce the negative
impacts and increase the positive impacts of the built
environment on the natural environment and building
occupants.
However, this code is an overlay document to be used
in conjunction with the other Saudi codes. This code is
not intended to be used as a standalone construction
regulation document and permits are not to be issued
under this code.
The Saudi Building Residential Codes

SBC-1101 & SBC-1102
The Saudi Building Residential Code shall apply to the

construction, alteration, relocation, enlargement,
replacement, repair, equipment, use and occupancy,
location, maintenance, removal and demolition of
detached one- and two-family dwellings and multiple
single-family dwellings (townhouses) not more than
three stories above grade plane height with a separate
means of egress, and their accessory structures not
more than three stories above grade plane in height.

3.0 Purpose and modelling

The objective of the inspection, beside the general status quality, should be to check the building structures and installations so
that any defects can be assessed to avoid consequential loss.
3.1 Task and responsibilities of an 3rd party Building quality inspector

The inspector is fully independent and impartial.
The inspector moderates neutrally between contractor and owner / principle in case of conflicts.
The inspector decides only according to the valid permits, standards and contracts given. No owner wishes or contractor
meanings will be considered in the result of the inspection.
The inspector has no obligation to sign any documents on the construction site, but has the full responsibility for transparent and
correct defect assessment.
The inspector is looking at the overall status of the building and beyond its holdpoint inspection list always to identify other
potential defects that might be not visible at a later state anymore.
The inspector documents the status and the identified defects with pictures and written statements regarding the deviations. The
detailed standards related to the defects can be integrated later at desk in case.
The inspector prepares the inspections according to th 5+5 steps (desk and on-site) of inspection preparation as follows:
- Receiving call for inspection by the Sustainable Building Program (through the building owner or principle)
- Double check building status regarding to the holdpoint number
- Prepare checklists and review available documents (materials, drawings, contract, permits, latest report)
- Read inspection book details for crafts to be inspected during the holdpoint inspection
- Take potentially needed technical inspection instruments (meter stick etc.)
- On-site: Introduce working procedure to owner and/or contractor to participate within the inspection
- On-site: Having an overview of the overall building status/ condition
- On-site: Start inspection according to the respective „checklist“
- On-site: Compare as build status with the permit/contract and detail by inspection book, if needed
- On-site: Take sufficient number of pictures of any status and findings and write report immediately
(in case of needed clarification as soon as possible)
The inspector as an 3rd party:

The inspector is fully independent and impartial and shall not have no financial interest in projects for which they provide
inspection.
The inspector decides only according to:
• Saudi Building code,
• construction license,
• approved standard specifications,
• the schedule of code violations and penalties,
• approved plans and drawings,
• third party test reports,
• the statement of special inspections prepared by RDP (Registered Design Professional),
• Mostadam's quality requirements,

• manufacturer's instructions and

• contracts given.
The inspector moderates neutrally between contractor and permittee (owner/ the owner's authorized agent) in case of conflicts.
No owner wishes or contractor meanings will be considered in the result of the inspection.
The inspector has no obligation to sign any documents on the construction site but has the full responsibility for transparent and
correct defect assessment.
It is not the responsibility of the inspector to decide or provide solutions to address or repair defects or nonconforming items.
3.2 Existing Buildings – detached house or multiple occupancy

buildings
Introduction
TÜV SÜD defines basic conditions as follows:

- The inspector has received the as build documentation, contract and building permit.
- The inspector has received technical documentation of mechanical and electrical installations.
- The inspection scope applies for one single building/units individually or within large building sites.
A single inspection covering the three crafts of civil, mechanical and electrical should be carried out before any ownership
transfer of a building.
The visual inspection for existing building gives the as-is result including all identified defects and will not present any further
assessment or root cause evaluation of defect sources. This evaluation needs to be done separately if major defects have
been identified during the inspection.
When inspecting several buildings or a unit of homogenous buildings the amount of inspections could be organized by adequate
random samples.
The minimum number of existing buildings to be inspected for each holdpoint and to achieve a representative result can be
defined according to ISO 2859. A practical approach can be achieved using the root-function (n=√𝑁) of the building number
and random selection.

Checkpoint definition and content for existing buildings:
Checkpoint 1 - First step of inspection: Listing of paperworks for basic evaluation.
Basic evaluation I Documentaion and paperwork Possible content
Contract Framing information

Owner / seller guidance
Noise prevention
Thermal insulation
Saudi code Relevant interior and exterior details,
fire protection
Land developement plan Outward facing requirements
Building Specifications Contract details
Special agreements Individual points

Drawings Partition
Structural
Power and lighting
Ventilation
Water supply
LPG distribution
Ducting
Fire protection / alarm
Drainage
Operating instructions / manuals Air conditioning (including frequency of cleaning /

changing filters)
Electrical interiors
Electrical doors (e.g. garage door)
Safety interior Maintenance agreement in place?

Defect liability period Begin?
End?
Meters Electric
(take reading and serial number of each meter) Water
LPG (liquid petrol gas, if available)
BTU (building thermal unit, if available)

Checkpoint 2 - Second Step of inspection: Organize floor. List rooms to check and name rooms unique.
To make sure not to forget some, go clockwise (or counterclockwise) from the outer entrance along the wall until you pass a
door. If there is another door, pass it the same way, too with the intention to begin with the "last room".
Example:
List regions to check and name regions unique.

To make sure not to forget some areas, go clockwise around. Start with the wall surrounding the door you entered the room
and name it Wall1.
Example:
Start with checking the marked door. Go on with checking wall 1, 2, 3 and so on. Each the same way. If needed subdivide
walls into separate areas e.g. “left/ right shell”.
If there are built in components, e.g. windows, number them again clockwise. Beginning always with 1. To distinguish, name
elements additional with words like “left”, “right”, “upper”, “lower”, “middle” or add a height like “30 cm above bottom”. This could
be necessary as soon as there are crowds of elements.

e.g.
Wall 2, Window 2
Wall 2, Window 4, upper glass
Wall 2, Socket 1 / Wall 2, Socket below Window 1 / Wall 2, socket 30 cm above bottom
Wall 2, Socket 2 / Wall 2, Socket right beside Windows
Proceed with checking ceiling. If needed subdivide into separate areas like “lower/upper level” or area with ceiling tiles.
Proceed with checking the floor. If needed subdivide into separate areas like “tiled/wooden/carpeted” or “higher level”, “lower
level”.
Proceed with checking the terrace, balconies or open rooftops on each floor.
Proceed with checks of mechanical and electric equipment.
If there is a garden or patio included: Check surfaces the same way like inside, Mark as additional check.
If there is a pool or a jacuzzi included, check surfaces the same way again. Mark as additional check.
The following checklist table shows in detail the building units / crafts including usual installations to be inspected:

Walls and wall coverage:
Building unit Test for: Basis for evaluation Testing tool

Wall Cracks Optic Crack measurement
tool
Wall Material (paper, paint, tiles) Optic / contract
Wall Damages / spots Optic
Wall Eveness Optic Level
Wallpaper Pattern, gaps, bubbles Optic
Wallcoat Colour / Fully painted / spots Optic
Walltiles Dimension of tiled area Contract Rule

tile design / tile dimension /
damages (cracked, scratched,
chipped)
joint / joint dimension /
level between tiles
transition from tiles to wall
(material, smoothness)
Mirrors Dimension of mirrored area
chipped, clouding, sharp edges)
transition from mirror to wall
(bottom and top gap not closed
for ventilation)

Floors and stairs:

Floor Cracks Optic Crack measurement
tool
Floor Material (tiles, wood, carpet) Optic / contract
Floor Eveness Optic Level
Floor tiles dimension of tiled area Contract Rule

Tile design / tile dimension /
chipped) / slipping resistance
joint / joint dimension / level
between tiles
transition from tiles to adjacent
floor covering and skirting
(material, smoothness)
Floor coat Colour / Fully painted / spots Optic
Bare concrete Sealed? Utilizability
Wooden floor - Dimension of parquet area

- kind of wood / dimension of
elements/ oiled / waxed
- joints between elements
- damages (cracked, scratched,
chipped, ground)
- transition from wood to
adjacent floor covering and
skirting (material, smoothness)
Skirting Damages / spots / joints / gap to Optic, (eveness of floor)
floor
Stairs Banister extends full length of
stairs from top to bottom
Stairs Banister securely fixed to wall?
Stairs No loose treads or nosings

Ceilings:

Ceiling Cracks Optic Crack measurement
tool
Ceiling Material (wallpaper, paint) Opic / contract
Ceiling Damages / spots Optic /
Ceiling Eveness Optic Level
Wallpaper at ceiling Gaps, bubbles (pattern) Optic
Coat Colour / Fully painted / spots Optic
Coving Damages / spots Optic
Coving Joints ok? Optic
Ceiling tiles - dimension of tiled area Contract Rule

- Tile: design / dimension /
damages
- Grid: design / dimension /
damages
- tiles fit in grid correctly?
Detectors Smoke / Heat / presence
Existent / working
Electric cable for lights Long enough for installing
lights?
Lamp or Light fixtures Ok?
Access hatches Able to open / close (without Utilizability Manually use

scratching or loosing snug fit)
Access hatches Painted gaps? Optic, durableness of
painting
Access hatches Chamber clean? Utilizability Visual inspection /
Relevant built-in components manually use
reachable?

Doors:
Building unit Test for: Basis for evaluation testing tool

Door Able to open / close (without Utilizability Manually use
scratching etc.)
Door closer adjusted correctly?
If electrical: maual opening
possible if auto failed?
Door Able and easy to lock? Utilizability Manually use,
number of locks? Contract Counting
number of hinges?
number of keys
Door Peephole existent? Contract, Visual use
Peephole scratched? Optic
Door Gap to floor: Optic, sound protection, Certificate
Needed (ventilation)? fire protection, ventilation
Not allowed (firprotection)?
Lowerable seal working Paper beneath the
dooorleaf fixed while
door closed?
Door leaf and doorframe - Material? Optic, contract,
- colour? Craft woodwork
- Damages
- Spots
- gaps in corners of doorframes
- clearance between door frame
and door leaf equal?
- seals existent and joints ok?
Doorframe Gaps between wall and Optic
doorframe
Door handle Strikes against wall / interiors Not causing damages Manually use

Windows and glass:

Window Able to open / close (without Utilizability Manually use
scratching etc.)
Window Locks existent? Utilizability Counting
Number of keys? contract Manually use
Able and easy to lock?
Window Hinges visible? Contract Optic
Handles ok?
Windows Safety against burglary Contract Certificate
Windows Guardrail needed?
Window Used as a excape way?
Window Shutters or Blinds existent and

working?
Window Insect screens existent and
working?
Windowframes - Material? Optic, contract,
- colour? craft woodwork or metal
- Damages works
- Spots
- seals existent and joints ok?
- correctly fixed?
Glass Scratches, damages, bursts,
Quality (sunprotection glass,
safetyglass, noiseprotecting
glass, number of sheets
Access hatches Able to open / close (without Utilizability Manually use
scratching or loosing snug fit)
Access hatches Painted gaps? Optic, durableness of
painting
Access hatches Chamber clean? Utilizability Visual inspection /
Relevant built-in components manually use
reachable?

Bathroom installations:

Shower cubilcle - Material?
- Damages?
Shower cubicle Able to open / close (without
scratching etc.)
Door closes sealing?
Shower tub Material?
Damages (scratched, chipped,
burst)
Shower tub Coverage of drain existent?
Strainer existent?
Shower tap - Shower head existent and
adjustable,
connections not leaking
- Warm and cold water
working?
- shower controller secure and
working?
Bathtub and tap Material?
Damages (scratched, chipped,
burst)
Bath - Spout and taps working?
- Taps fitted correctly?
- Shower head existent?
- warm and cold water working?
Bath Plug available and sealing? Dam water
Overflow existing and working?
Dammed water drains easily?
Basin and tap Damages (scratched, chipped,
burst)
Basin - Taps working and fitted
correctly?
- Warm and cold water
working?
- Plug available and sealing?
- Overflow existing and
working?
- Dammed water drains easily?
- Sink or overflow leaking?
Toilet - Cistern tight shut off
- Flush ok
- Flushes all around pan
Toilet Damages (scratches, chipped,
burst, soiled?)
Toilet Bowl and seat securely fitted?


Accessory (soap dishes, roll Existing?
holder, towel rail Securely fixed?
Shaving socket Working?
Securely fixed to wall?
Water heater Isolator has neon light?
Isolator outside bathroom? / not
within 2 Meters of sink / water
supply?
Electrial and HVAC installations:

Electrical board - Blanks fitted to spare fuse Utilizability Visual inspection /
ways? manually use
- Fuse breaker legend fitted?
- Load schedule fitted?
Powersockets Working? Utilizability Socket-tester ( light)
Light switches Working? Utilizability Manually use

Light (therefore bulbs
have to be installed)
Fan controller Working?
Speed varies?
Temperature varies?
Sockets / switches Securely fitted? Utilizability
Sockets / switches Fitted aligned? Optic
Extract fan Filter existent and clean? Utilizability
Extract Fan / Ventilation Fitted aligned? Optic

grilles
Extract Fan / Ventilation Material / Painting damaged? Optic
grilles
Electrical interiors Stove / Oven / Range hood /
Fridge / Freezer / Dishwasher/
Garbage disposal unit, washing
machine, dryer, microwave
working?
Extinguisher / fire blanket Existent?

Cabinets and other preinstalled interior:

Cabinets / Closets Able to open / close (without
scratching etc.)
Door closer/ buffer / slider
adjusted correctly?
Cabinets / Closets - Material?
- colour?
- Damages?
- Spots?
Cabinets / Closets Chamber clean?
Cabinets / Closets - Clearance between doors and

carcass equal?
Counters - Material?
- colour?
- Damages?
- Spots?
- joints?

Other installations, if applicable:
Building unit Test for: Basis for evaluation testing tool

Grass and Plants Thriving? / Dead plants
Irrigation system Working?
Irrigation system Leaking?
Jet blowers pump Working?
Lighting controllers Working?
Water temprature Does jacuzzi reach temperature

setting?
Water quality Water analysis Certificate from independent
laboratory (not older than 1
month)
Intruder alarm Working?
Alarm box and panic button
available?
Home automation system Working?
Pest control Working?
Datasocket Working? Utilizability Test recording
LPG detector Existent (if LPG available)

Fitted in a max. height of 45 cm
from floor

4.0 Documentation
Each inspection leads into a final inspection report to be issued:
- By the inspector(s)
- Approved by a third party inspection agency
There is a total number of 1 report for each individual building. A final inspection report can be written manually and/or via the
electronic portal usage of MOH.
The minimum requirements regarding general information are:
- Building Owner
- Buidling or construction number
- Inspectors data
- Date and time of the inspection
- Participants during the inspections
- Date of final inspection report
The minimum requirements regarding technical inspection are:
- Technical areas that have been assessed (civil, mechanical, electrical)

- Available documentation
- Object data and weather conditions
- Building or construction status and conditions
- Declaration of actual status and used materials
- Findings, defects and notes
- Result of the inspection and verdict
A report template will be provided by the National Housing Service Company electronically as well as interactive via portal
access.
Grading Definition Example

1 Minor defect Deficiencies with no quality or saftey
influence but inconsistence with the
contract. Action according to moderation
between owener/contractor. E.g. lighter or
darker wall colour
2 Defect All deficiencies that can be corrected with
mediate action. E.g. holes in masonry
with no structural relevance, or wallcracks
without static defect
3 Major defect Structural stability or safety of use is
affected, or any other danger causes
immediate action.

5.0 Technical Crafts

5.1 Masonry work
Technical Craft
Masonry work

Craft Basis / Standards Technical function / quality Inspection scope Defects, findings and notes
Masonry General information on masonry work

- Masonry walls should carry loads and fulfil weather
SBC 1101 protection, sound insulation, fire protection and - Are upstand beams and beams Question: Are external walls made of
thermal insulation requirements; installed if there are no walls (wall glass blocks planned?
- The air tightness is determined in conjunction with slabs/panels) under load-bearing
walls on the story below (ceiling Comment: Tolerances not handled
plasters/renders, windows, external doors and separately in SBC, reference to
ceilings; deflections);
- Does the masonry comply with the standards;
- The properties of the masonry are defined by the
structural engineer and the consultant engineers; structural design requirements? Question: Are brickwork chimneys and
- Loading capacity; - Check overlap length; fireplaces built within the construction
- Strength; area?
- Earthquake-proof design;
Question: Is masonry generally designed
- Wind loads;
with structural calculations or is a type of
- Design measures;
empirical masonry used?
- Masonry generally in accordance with the structural
calculations, Chapter 9 applies to masonry with
empirical design;
- Load transfer: Floorplans, load-bearing walls with
offset arrangement, upstand beams and beams,
ceilings with large spans;
Combination of masonry with reinforced concrete
columns – minimise material change;
→ Structural member deformations due to load-
dependent and load-independent actions;
- Fire protection: External walls made of
nonflammable materials (see fire protection notes);
Design
The design should contain: - Check delivery notes, approvals, etc.
- Brick/block formats; and compare with drawings;
- Quality classes;
- Size and location of pipes;
Masonry design at wall joints / crossing walls:

- Shear forces and shear stresses must be absorbed
by the masonry;

Craft Technical function / quality Inspection scope Defects, findings, and notes
Wall construction General Comments:

The primary concern of this chapter is the
SBC 1101 structural integrity of wall construction and
Section 802 transfer of all imposed loads to the supporting
structure.
In certain instances, a wall must have a fire-

resistance rating. Where this is necessary, the
wall system must be a tested assembly, and any
conditions specific to the installation of the
assembly must apply as well. Examples of these
provisions include:
• Common wall between townhouses
• Walls separating two-family dwellings.
• Exterior walls based on location on
property.
Purpose
This chapter provides the requirements for the
design and construction of wall systems that are
capable of supporting the minimum:
1) design vertical loads (dead and live
loads).
2) lateral loads (wind or seismic loads).
Lintels:
Masonry wall openings require a structural • Are all masonry wall openings
member designed to support the masonry supported by structural member?
above. • Is wood lintel used to support a
masonry wall opening?
Masonry over openings shall be supported by:
• Steel lintels,
• Reinforced concrete or masonry lintels
or
• Masonry arches

designed to support load imposed.
Note:
Wood is not permitted for a lintel supporting a
masonry wall.
Minimum room Minimum area: • Are all habitable rooms have a floor Habitable rooms in a dwelling unit are family rooms and
areas and height Habitable rooms shall have: area of not less than 6.5 m2? bedrooms used for living, sleeping, eating, or cooking. (bedrooms,
1. A floor area of not less than 6.5 m2. • Are all habitable rooms have not less living rooms, kitchen…)
2. Not less than 2100 mm in any than 2100 mm in any horizontal
SBC-1101 horizontal dimension dimension?
SECTION 304 Exception: • Are all habitable space, hallways and
SECTION 305 Kitchens. portions of basements containing
habitable space and hallways have a
Room with a sloping ceiling: ceiling height of not less than 2100
If the height of: mm?
1. Portions of a room with a sloping • Are the requirements of rooms with a
ceiling measuring less than 1500 sloping ceiling satisfied?
mm. • Are bathrooms, toilet rooms, portions of
2. or a furred ceiling measuring less basements that do not contain
than 2100 mm habitable space or hallways, and
from the finished floor to the finished ceiling laundry rooms have a ceiling height of
shall not be considered as contributing to the not less than 2000 mm?
minimum required habitable area for that
room.
(Copy SBC 1101-CC, page 206)
Minimum celling height:
1. Habitable space, hallways and
portions of basements containing
habitable space and hallways shall

have a ceiling height of not less than
2100 mm.
2. Bathrooms, toilet rooms and laundry
rooms shall have a ceiling height of
not less than 2000 mm.
3. Portions of basements that do not
contain habitable space or hallways
shall have a ceiling height of not less
than 2000 mm.

5.2 Concrete / Reinforced concrete

Technical Craft
Concrete | Reinforced Concrete

Reinforced concrete work Preparation

General information
SBC 1101 Completeness of the documents as - Checking of the design documents for
Section 3A5 preparation for the execution completeness (e.g. architecture’s drawings,
Construction documents formwork and reinforcement drawings with
checking engineer’s stamp)
SBC 1101 Cracks Tension cracks:

Section 3D
Section 406 Penetrate throughout the cross-section and
Section 4A appear in the event of centric tension or
Section 4C tension stresses with slight eccentricity
Section 7A Bending cracks:
Tension Cracks
Run virtually perpendicular to the bending
tension rebar; they begin at the tensile edge
and end in the area of the neutral axis.
Shear cracks:
Axially inclined. May develop from bending
cracks.
Collecting cracks:
Few cracks penetrate to the neutral axis. They
occur in strongly reinforced perimeter areas
as a result of bending, or in elements with Shear & Tension Cracks
high thickness as a result of centric tension
stress.
Cracks along rebars:

Frequently run above surface rebars on non-
formed surfaces. Depending on the cause,
faults may occur under the rebars.
Compound cracks: Rebars Corrosion
Run parallel to rebars and generally penetrate
as far as the rebar.

Surface cracking:
May occur on the surface of flat elements,
following the pattern of the reinforcement or
crisscrossing. Crack depth is generally low.
SBC 1102 Lightning protection/earthing - Check, whether foundation earth electrodes

are required and have been installed.
Section 3602
Lightning
protection/foundation earth
electrodes

Reinforced concrete work Special features / additional tests and Chamfered edge
Columns/walls inspections:
Columns / walls
Load-bearing structure for carrying - Check whether triangular fillets (chamfer
loads of point / strip loads strips) are required and have been installed
to chamfer the edges?
- After the stripping of the formwork, check the

surface of the concrete with regard to the
contractual agreements, cavities and gravel
pockets.
Gravel pockets

Reinforced concrete work Special features / additional tests and
Beams/upstand beams inspections:
Beams/upstand beams Structure for supporting strip loads, - Check whether the concrete reaches into all
Cavities
e.g. from floors/ceilings or corners and between the reinforcement,
cantilevered members whether it is adequately compacted and
whether air bubbles and gravel pockets and
segregation of the concrete are avoided. The
reinforcement is generally laid very close
together in the support area.
- Here it may be necessary to lay individual
reinforcement bars closer together and secure
their position with wedges, and to get into the
resulting spaces with the concrete compacting
equipment.
- Check the surface of the concrete with regard to

the contractual agreements, cavities and gravel
pockets.

5.3 Sealing: roof, terrace, socket

Technical Craft
Sealing roof, terrace, socket

Roof / SBC 1101 With new-builds (flat roofs made from - Roof testing, flat roofs (waterproof layers,
waterproofing work Section 905.11 reinforced concrete): connection points, drainage)
Protective goals (general - for the

General: complete roof structure): - Material selection for the roof sealing /
Have approved systems been used?
The roofs dealt with here are - Sealing against moisture
almost exclusively flat roofs - Heat protection - Bitumen sheeting
made from reinforced - Noise protection if required - Thermal insulation
concrete. - Longevity - Roof-sealing sheeting
- Protection against wind suction
Flat-sloped roofs or pitched required?
roofs are an exception and are - UV compatibility
not covered here. - System solutions for water drainage /
roof drainage
- Anchorage system may be necessary
Quality level II Roof
- See above Questions:

- How is the flat roof to be used?
Flat roof / waterproofing work
- Requirements / utilisation class - Only roof sealing with no surface
covering, as the roof will only be exposed
- Flat roofs are subject to different to foot traffic for maintenance purposes?
uses, resulting in different - Large amount of foot traffic expected due
requirements for the design to use as a roof terrace?
- Are technical roof installations planned
(e.g heavy water tank?)

Flat roof / waterproofing work SBC 1101 Hence:
Section 905.11 - The planned use for the roof surfaces
must be known. The different quality
levels for the design can be derived from
this. For example:
- Quality level I:
Minor requirements, as only thermal
insulation and roof sealing. Roof use only
for maintenance purposes. Anchorage
system may be required for this.
- Quality level II: planned use for the roof surfaces

Moderate requirements. Design as
utilised roof terrace as continuously
frequented by persons.
- Quality level III:

High requirements as technical
installations are present (e.g. water tank,
air conditioning and ventilation systems,
antennae, solar modules, etc. – subjects
such as noise decoupling, load
distribution, influence on protective
layers, sealing and insulation).
-
Quality level I & II

Flat roof / waterproofing work SBC 1101 - Connections / laying / bonding / - Processing carried out in compliance
Section 905.11 flashing with manufacturer guidelines?
Bitumen sheeting / vapour - Vapour barriers continued upwards
barriers / flashing Protective goal: against rising structure?
The raised edge / sealing must not slip - Coving adequately secured?
off and must be securely and - Required joint overlaps complied with?
permanently held in place. - Joint overlaps directly bonded, needle
sampling implemented?
- Connections to roof drainage
established?
- Penetrations sealed?
Coving secured
Coving NOT secured

Flat roof / waterproofing work SBC 1101 - Laying / fastening - Roof sealing continued upwards against
Section 905.11 rising structure?
Surface sealing Protective goal: - Coving adequately secured?
Sealing of the roof surface - Joint overlaps directly bonded?
- Connections to roof drainage
established?
- Penetrations sealed?
- Emergency spillways present?
- Sealing established at connections,
possibly with liquid plastic?
Coving secured
UV protected sealing

Flat roof / waterproofing work SBC 1101 - Sealing of connections and rising - Connection heights adequate? (≥ 15 cm)
Section 905.11 structural elements - Boots/sleeves used at penetrations?
- Leak testing / water testing carried out?
Roof sealing / connections
Protective goal:
All connections and penetrations must
be sealed and permanently waterproof.
- Are window connections continued Penetrations sealed?

upwards without gaps at the bottom of
window frames and at the side of window
frames, as shown in the illustration on
the right, e.g. bonded with liquid sealing?
Window Connection heights adequate? (≥ 15 cm)

Flat roof / waterproofing work SBC 1101 - Fastening / superimposed load - Protection against wind suction
Section 905 established, e.g. through superimposed
load? (Here, for example, with gravel)
Protection against wind suction Protective goal:
Roof sealing must be secured against
being lifted off by wind suction.
superimposed load with gravel
UV compatibility SBC 1101 - Material characteristics - Check UV compatibility if no further

Section 905 covering is planned.
- Check of manufacturer data sheet
Protective goal:
- Durability / no material embrittlement
- Sealing of the roof surface
UV compatibility

Suitability for further SBC 1101 - Material characteristics - Building protection matting under
superimposed loads / roof Section 905 installations on roof laid?
installations
Protective goal:
- Protect roof sealing from mechanical
damage through superimposed loads
superimposed load with gravel
Drainage / emergency spillways SBC 1101 - Roof drainage - Adequate number of drainage facilities
Section 905 present? / adequately dimensioned if
Protective goal: applicable?
- Drainage of water - Adequate number of emergency
spillways present and adequately
dimensioned?
- Drainage of the plot possible?
Are adequate number of drainage facilities

present? And sealed?

Anchoring systems Safety measures - Adequate numbers of anchors present,
appropriate to the size of the roof
surfaces?
Protective goal:
- Anchor points securely fastened /
- Protection of persons on the roof
anchored in?
surfaces
- Penetrations sealed in a watertight
manner?
Anchor points securely fastened
- Processing of the materials / Materials / processing / connection to the

connection to the structure structure:
- Sealing edges / floor coving reliably and

permanently secured / high enough?
Are drainage facilities secured?

Waterproofing work on Protective goals: If applicable...
building bases - Sealing must be protected from
mechanical damage - Coving adequately secured?
Here: Building base in - Sealant height adequate? (≥ 15 cm in
contact with soil – no cellar finished condition / after completion of the
built exterior installations)
Coving adequately secured?
Waterproofing work on As a matter of principle, the Prior checking:

building bases aforementioned sealing requirements
also apply to ground level terraces and
Does the exit have a step (variant 1) or is it
(walk-on) roof terraces.
Here: Building base at almost threshold-free? (Variant 2)
ground level
Terraces and roof terraces The exit onto ground level terraces and
(walk-on) roof terraces is generally
implemented with a step (see fig. 2) or, as
is becoming more desirable, almost
threshold-free (see fig. 4).
- Is water backed effectly by door-

sealings?
- Does water flow into drains and sinks?
- Drainage channels suitable? Variant 1 protection, Does the exit have a step?

Drainage channels installation
Waterproofing work on Variant 1 If applicable:

building bases Exit with step:
Here: Building base at

ground level
Terraces and roof terraces
Protective goal(s):
- Has the structure sealing been fed ≥ 15
- The structure sealing must cm over the top edge of the coating?
permanently protect the building base
from moisture ingress into the Water-bearing layer = Top edge of coating or
building. protective layer or covering material

- Is the raised edge of the sealing
- The raised edge / sealing must not adequately mechanically protected?
slip off and must be securely and
permanently held in place.
- Is there protection from mechanical

- The raised edge of the sealing must damage, e.g. though metal sheeting?
be protected from mechanical
damage.
Sealing continued upwards against rising structure

Waterproofing work on Variant 2 If applicable:
building bases The connection height of 15 cm is
exceeded, the exit is almost threshold- - Sealing continued upwards against rising
Here: Building base at free. structure?
ground level - Sealing fed behind shutter guide rails,
Terraces and roof terraces insofar as shutters are present? (Only in
water-splash areas)
Sealing continued upwards against rising structure
(Here, for example, with liquid plastic)
Protective goal(s):
- The structure sealing must
permanently protect the building base
from moisture ingress into the
building.
- No moisture shall penetrate the
connection joints.
(Liquid plastic is well suited for this).

Damage to insulation coving
Raised edge of sealing Protective goal: If applicable:

- The sealing is to be protected from
mechanical damage through - Protective layers applied before sealing?
subsequent works.
Are Protective layers applied before sealing?

Water drainage channels on SBC 1101 Protective goal: - Tread/tilt-safe drainage channel
terraces Section 905 - Drainage of rainwater installation?
- Do the channels lead to the roof drains?
Drainage channels installation

Roof drainage:
Roof drainage
Roof drainage: • Are the roof drains installed at the low
SBC 1101 Unless roofs are sloped to drain over roof points of the roof?
Section 903 edges, roof drains shall be installed at each low • Is the roof sloped of not less than 2-
Section 905 point of the roof. percent slope for drainage?
• Are secondary emergency overflow roof
Slope: drains or scuppers installed?
Modified bitumen membrane roofs shall have a • Are the overflow drains size the same
design slope of not less than one-fourth unit as the roof drains?
vertical in 12 units horizontal (2-percent slope) • Are the overflow drains installed with
for drainage. the inlet flow line located 50 mm above
the low point of the roof?
Secondary (emergency overflow) drains or • Are the overflow drains connected to
scuppers: roof drain lines?
Where roof drains are required, secondary
emergency overflow roof drains or scuppers
shall be provided where the roof perimeter
construction extends above the roof in such a
manner that water will be entrapped if the
primary drains allow buildup for any reason.
Overflow drains having the same size as the

roof drains shall be installed:
• with the inlet flow line located 50 mm
above the low point of the roof.
Overflow scuppers having three times the size

of the roof drains and having a minimum
opening height of 100 mm shall be installed in
the adjacent parapet walls with the inlet flow
located 50 mm above the low point of the roof
served.
The installation and sizing of overflow drains,

leaders and conductors shall comply with
Sections 1106 and 1108 of the International
Plumbing Code, as applicable.

Overflow drains shall discharge to an approved

location and shall not be connected to roof
drain lines.

5.4 Plastering works inside and outside

Technical Craft
Plastering (inside | outside)

Interior plastering work General information on interior plastering
Walls and ceilings SBC 1101 Interior plastering requirements: - Visual inspection of the plaster surface
Section 8A - Making the airtight building - Visual inspection of full surface closure
envelopes on the inside;
Construction documents
- Substrate for subsequent
wallpapering and / or painting work
or for laying tiles or natural stone;
- Movements from structural members
must be absorbed, cracks are to be
avoided through appropriate
measures;
Visual inspection of the plaster surface

And the surface closure
Execution of the interior plastering work
Execution of the interior plaster: If applicable:
- The interior plaster must be applied
over the entire wall height from the - Visual inspection of the layer thickness,
top of the floor to the bottom of the uniform application;
ceiling; - Take samples in case of indications of
- The evenness must meet the too thin layer thickness, for example,
requirements of the subsequent substrate can be seen through plaster,
coating or the respective design non-uniform application;
requirements; - Visual inspection of the completeness of
- A trowel groove must be made the full surface plaster application over
between the wall and ceiling plaster the entire wall height
or between the wall and gypsum - Visual and if necessary measurement
board frieze or gypsum board ceiling; check of the required or specified
evenness of the plastered areas

Craft (Outside) Basis / Standards Technical function / quality Inspection scope Defects, findings and notes
Exterior plastering General information on exterior plastering
work/rendering
SBC 1101 Exterior plaster requirements:
Section 8A - Making the outside
watertight;
Construction
- Appearance, representative
documents
function of the building from
the outside
- Movements from structural
members must be absorbed,
cracks are to be avoided
through appropriate
measures;
Execution of the exterior plastering work

Execution of the exterior - Take samples in case of
plaster: indications of too thin layer
- The evenness must meet the thickness, for example, substrate
requirements of the can be seen through plaster,
subsequent coating or the non-uniform application;
respective design - Visual and if necessary
requirements; measurement check of the
- The visual surface, required or specified evenness of
smooth/felted must meet the the plastered areas
requirements of the
specifications
Evenness of the plastered areas

5.5 Screed works, flooring works, natural and concrete stone works, tile works, parquet flooring
Technical Craft
Screed Works

Screed Preparation
Floating screed
SBC 1101 Prevention of sound bridges Perimeter strips
- Durability
Section 905 - Laid all-round in rising areas
- Compressive strength
Construction Prevention of thermal bridges d>5mm?
- Flexural tensile strength
✓✓
documents - Tightly jointed in corners (no
- Uniform thickness
“round” corners)
- Surface smoothness/ Prevention of cracking
evenness
Avoidance of fluctuations in screed

thickness
✓✓
Screed Prevention of cracking Joint arrangement / screed bays

Floating screed - Have expansion joints been created
or extended from the substrate?
- Have induced contraction joints
been made to subdivide the screed
areas into approx. 30 m² bays (e.g.
in the area of door openings)? ✓
Have expansion joints been made or extended from

the substrate?
Have induced contraction joints been made?

Screed SBC 1101 Errors / defects / damage
Floating screed Section 905
Defect Effect
Perimeter strip too low / missing - Sound bridges between the set
screed layer and the walls
Perimeter strip too low / missing
Perimeter strip too low / missing

Screed Defect Effect
Floating screed Perimeter strips not laid tightly in the corner - Discontinuity / void during
subsequent laying of the flooring
Perimeter strip too low
Perimeter strip too low

Joints are not planned or created - Random cracking (non-linear) in the
screed
Screed
Floating screed
cracking in the screed
Defect Effect
Joints are not planned or created - Random cracking (non-linear) in the

screed
!
cracking in the screed

Building construction joints / movement - Cracking in the set screed layer

joints from the bearing structure not above the movement joint
transferred / continued into the screed
cracking in the screed above the movement joint
Screed sections larger than 30 m² or longer - uncontrolled cracking due to screed

than 6 m shrinkage processes during curing /
loss in load-bearing capacity
uncontrolled cracking due to screed shrinkage

processes

Screed Defect Effect

Floating screed
Screed sections larger than 30 m² or longer - uncontrolled cracking due to screed
than 6 m shrinkage processes during curing /
loss in load-bearing capacity
uncontrolled cracking due to screed shrinkage processes
Air draughts after laying the screed due to - Deformation / lifting of the edge of
windows and doors that are not closed the set screed layer " due to
stresses in the screed
- Fine reticular (net-shaped) cracking
in the upper area of the screed due
to drying out too fast / loss of
strength
Too fast drying / loss of strength

Datum levels (vertical reference points) - Screed too high

were disregarded when laying the screed ⇨ Problems on laying floorings /
joints at stairs (here uneven heights
of the steps then result)
⇨ Height of guards below

requirement
Problems on jointing at stairs
- Screed too low

⇨ Offsets at stairs
⇨ Step difference maximum to
minimum rise height > 9.5 mm
Shortfall in level/height of safeguards
Datum levels (vertical reference points)

were disregarded when laying the screed
Shortfall in level/height of safeguards

Technical Craft
Flooring Works

Flooring works Flooring work preparation
Textile floorings SBC 201 - Ensuring durability Material selection if applicable:
PVC floorings Section 804 - Visual appearance - Does the flooring (carpet, PVC flooring)
- Surface Manufacturer's instructions correspond to the contractual
smoothness/evenness agreements?
- Durability Construction documents
- Does the flooring to be laid (carpet,
- Visual appearance Contract documents PVC flooring) correspond to the
- Fire performance approved sample?
- Is the flooring (carpet, PVC flooring)
suitable, according to the
manufacturer’s information, for the
planned use (loading - moderate /
heavy / very intensive use?)
- Must properties such as anti-static or
dissipative be taken into consideration?
Flooring Material selection

SBC 1101 - Visual appearance Material selection
Manufacturer's instructions - Is the flooring (carpet, PVC flooring) to
Construction documents be laid patterned?
- Does the flooring (carpet, PVC flooring)
Contract documents
have a pattern repeat (pattern offset)?
!

Manufacturer's instructions - Ensuring durability Material selection / laying

- Visual appearance - Are manufacturer’s laying instructions
available for the flooring (carpet, PVC
flooring)?
manufacturer’s laying instructions
Manufacturer's instructions - Ensuring durability Protective surface finish coating

- Visual appearance - Is a protective surface finish coating
required following completion of the
flooring work?
Manufacturer's instructions Defect Effect
Substrate too wet - Detachment of the bonded flooring

(carpet, PVC flooring) from the
substrate
- Blistering/bubble formation in case of
damp-proof floorings
Detachment of the bonded flooring

Substrate cracking - Are there creases in the flooring

(carpet, PVC flooring)?
- Straight creases – induced contraction
joints in the substrate before laying
flooring not closed by means of form fit
(keying)
- Irregular creases – cracking due to
screed shrinkage before laying the
flooring not closed by means of form fit
(keying)
cracking due to screed shrinkage
Irregular creases
Unsuitable adhesive used - Detachment of the bonded flooring

(carpet, PVC flooring) from the
substrate

Insufficient adhesive bonding - Hollows / hollow layers between the

bonded flooring (carpet, PVC flooring)
and the substrate
Hollows layers between the bonded

flooring and the substrate
Laying errors - Formation of blisters/bubbles due to air

Visual impairment/defect inclusion leads to irreparable damage
to the flooring (carpet, PVC flooring)
during use
Formation of blisters/bubbles

Laying errors - Level differences/offsets between

Visual impairment/defect adjacent sheets of the flooring (carpet,
PVC flooring)
- Level differences/offsets at crossovers
(change in flooring material) or
installations (floor boxes for electrical !
installations)
- Too wide / gaping joints between
adjacent sheets of the flooring (carpet,
PVC flooring)
Level differences/offsets between adjacent

sheets of the flooring
Laying errors - Are material changes in the area of

Visual impairment/defect doors located underneath the closed-
door leaf?
- Changeover from bathroom / kitchen
floor tiles to flooring (carpet, PVC
flooring)
Are material changes in the area of doors

located underneath the closed-door leaf?

Laying defects, formation of sound If applicable

bridges - Insufficient distance from the edge to
adjacent structural members
- Perimeter joint filled with adhesive –
after hardening of adhesive body -
sound bridge exists from floor to wall
Insufficient distance from the edge to

adjacent structural members
Laying errors - Unevenness because adhesive applied

Adhesive application too thickly on substrate
- Depending on the incidental light, the
unevenness stands out on the surface
Unevenness due to inclusion

Laying errors - Are the pattern offsets noted (pattern

Pattern / sheets repeat)?
- Are the butt joints between the sheets
tight and inconspicuous?
Are the butt joints between the sheets tight

and inconspicuous?
Laying errors - Cutting work at installations (floor

Cut-to-size pieces boxes for electrical installations) is
precise fitting?
- Cut-to-size pieces at adjacent members
(walls, columns, stairs) are precise
fitting?
Cut-to-size pieces at adjacent members

Laying errors - Are the sheets laid uniformly / in the

Laying direction same direction?
- (Changes in laying direction lead to
visually conspicuous colour differences)
Changes in laying direction
Laying errors - Baseboard / edge trim not cut to size

Baseboard / edge trim cleanly
- Mitre cuts at / in corners with joint gap
Edge trim not cut to size

Laying errors - Baseboard / edge trim does not cover

Baseboard / edge trim the clearance between the flooring
(carpet, PVC flooring) and wall
- Baseboard / edge trim with
conspicuous gap between it and the
flooring (PVC flooring)
Protection of the laid floorings - Floorings (carpet, PVC flooring) dirty

Visual impairment/defect due to subsequent trades
- Paint, drink stains, adhesive
- Damage to the floorings (carpet, PVC
flooring) by subsequent trades
- Burn holes, indentations caused by
material deposits
- Disregard of walk-on ability after
protective surface finish coating been
applied on PVC flooring
Floorings dirty due to subsequent trades

Technical Craft
Tiling Works

Tiling work General information on tiling work
Indoor area SBC 1101 - Floors in toilet rooms and bathroom - Check the laying tolerances on site
Walls and floors Section 905.3 floors must have a smooth, hard, non- (construction site check)
absorbent surface, with at least 15 cm
high base tile all around on the walls;
- Walls within a radius of 60 cm of urinals
and water closets must have a smooth,
hard, non-absorbent surface up to a
height of 1.2 metres above the floor,
materials moisture resistant,
Exceptions:
1. Residential units and sleeping units
(bedrooms),
2. Toilet rooms, which are not accessible
to the public and have no other fixtures
than a water closet;
- Tiles glazed or unglazed;
- Note joint widths depending on the tile
formats;
- Joints in corners and at ends/joints
approx. 5 mm wide;
- Tile laying tolerances:
Joints widths need to be in line with tile format
Sum of the allowable tolerance from
trade laying tolerance (1 mm) and
material-related dimensional tolerance
(depending on the tile format);
Indoor tiling work
SBC 1101 Tile requirements: - Check manufacturer’s certificate /
Section 905.3 delivery notes;
- Hard, water repellent surface
- Comparison with American National
Standard Specifications

Tile laying requirements: - Check the substrate (evenness and

plumbness:
- Shower partitions and walls above baths
Wall finished: 5 mm/ 1 m
with installed shower must be tiled up to
7.5 mm/ 2.5 m
a height of 1.80 m above the waste
Floor finished: 4 mm/ 1 m
outlet;
10 mm/ 4 m
- the connections between tiles and bath
- Cleaning of the tiles after jointing,
tabs must be watertight;
otherwise jointing material sticks to the
- removal of the tile spacers, creation of a
tiles and can then only be removed
uniform jointing plane;
with increased effort;
- clean tiles immediately after jointing;
- tile distances in corner area approx. 5
cm;
- Making of elastic joints in the corner
areas and at installations such as bath
and pipes;
- Make monolithic joints uniformly and
almost flush with the surface of the tiles;
- where possible lay with cross joints or
third lap stretcher bond (all tiles have a Spacing of tiles in corners < 5 mm;
slight curvature due to the manufacturing
process, if laid with stretcher bond the
concave and convex sides are opposite
each other;
Elastic jointing missing.

Non-uniform hard joints made in the area of the

floor inlet.
Jointing material not washed off, tiles not

cleaned.
General joints information:
- Type of joint:
Bay limiting joint – see screed, mostly
with beads; perimeter joint (floor-wall),
mostly elastic joints;
connecting joints, mostly elastic joints;

Technical Craft
Natural and Concrete Stone Works

Natural stone work / General information on natural stone work
manufactured stone work
SBC 1101 - Floors in toilet rooms and bathroom
Floors/stairs Section 905.3 floors must have a smooth, hard, non-
Balconies absorbent surface, with at least 15 cm
high base tile all around on the walls;
sizes. The standard width is 3 mm.
Fluctuations in tile/slab sizes are to be
compensated for by the joints and as a
result the joints can be 2-4 mm wide;
approx. 5 mm wide;
Natural stone work in the indoor area
General joints information:
- Type of joint:
Bay limiting joint – see screed, mostly with
beads; perimeter joint (floor-wall), mostly
elastic joints; - Which joint is used – execution and joint material?
- connecting joints, mostly elastic joints; - Installation of backing cord required?
- Note weathering when applying silicone
Elastic joints requirements:
- All joints must be sealed, especially
joints between different construction
materials, for example, wall corners, at
floor-wall joint, at plumbing installations,
etc.;
- Elastic joints fulfil aesthetic and hygienic
tasks;
- Structural member movements must be
absorbed; Execution of the joints
- Are not seals in the true meaning of the
word;
- As sealants, generally silicone;

Manufactured stone work in outdoor area
SBC 1101 - Substrates in Saudi Arabia are generally
Section 905.3 concrete or cement screed;
sizes. The standard width is 3 mm.
Fluctuations in tile/slab sizes are to be
compensated for by the joints and as a
result the joints can be 2-4 mm wide;
approx. 5 mm wide;

Technical Craft
Parquet flooring works

Flooring Preparation
Laying of parquet flooring SBC 1101 - Ensuring durability If applicable:
- Surface Section 905.3 - Visual appearance Material selection
smoothness/evenness
Manufacturer's - Does the parquet correspond to the
- Durability
- Visual appearance instructions contractual agreements?
Construction - Does the parquet to be laid correspond
- Fire performance
documents to the approved samples?
- Is the parquet flooring suitable for the
Contract documents
planned use (surface strength in
accordance with the existing loading -
moderate / heavy / very intensive use?)
Material selection
Manufacturer's - Ensuring durability If applicable:

instructions - Visual apparance Type of laying
Construction - Which type of laying is planned?
documents - Is floating laying or complete adhesive
Contract documents bonding to be used?
Is the surface of the parquet already sealed
(preassembled wood parquet) or does a
seal have to be applied after laying?
Adhesive bonding


instructions - Visual appearance Sealing
- Is sealing necessary?
- What type of sealing was agreed
contractually?
- (Lacquer, varnish, oil, wax)
Is sealing necessary?

instructions - Visual appearance Care
- Value retention - Are care instructions available?
- Does the manufacturer describe
additional or special care measures for ?
the selected wood flooring?
- Are special cleaning or care products
required and available?
- Is the user aware of the required care
measures?
Are care instructions available?

Manufacturer's Defect Effect

instructions
Substrate too wet - Detachment of the bonded wooden
flooring from the substrate
- Hogging (upward deformation) of the
parquet flooring !
Hogging of the parquet flooring
Unsuitable adhesive used - Detachment of the bonded wooden

flooring from the substrate
- Discolorations of the parquet flooring
Discolorations of the parquet flooring

Insufficient adhesive bonding If applicable:

- Hollow layers between the bonded wood
flooring and the substrate
- Rattling of individual parquet strips
- (Small hollows are allowed, provided
parquet strips do not rattle and cannot be
moved)
Rattling of individual parquet strips
Laying errors - Level differences between individual

Visual impairment/defect parquet strips (of preassembled wood
parquet)
- Joints between individual parquet strips /
parquet panels are too wide / gaping
Level differences between individual

parquet strips

Laying errors - Baseboard not cut to size cleanly

Parquet baseboard / skirting board - Mitre cuts at / in corners with joint gap
Laying errors - Skirting board does not cover the

Parquet baseboard / skirting board required clearance between the edge of
the parquet and the wall
- Skirting board separates from parquet /
gap formation
Gap formation

Laying errors - Skirting board not fixed onto wall

Parquet baseboard / skirting board - Swelling and shrinkage processes in the
wood are impeded
Skirting board not fixed onto wall

Protection of the laid floorings - Parquet floorings dirtied by subsequent

Visual impairment/defect trades
- Damage to parquet floorings by
subsequent trades
- Walk-on ability after sealing disregarded
Parquet floorings dirtied by subsequent

trades

5.6 Windows with glazing and mounting

Technical Craft
Windows and glazing

Craft Basis/Standards Technical functions Inspection scope Example

Windows and glazing SBC 1101 If applicable:
- uPVC windows Window elements
Section 303
- Metal windows - Has an approved system / make been
Section 310 used?
- Wooden windows
Section 312 - Information about the product used can
- Glazing Manufacturer's instructions usually be requested directly from the
manufacturer. The product data sheets
then describe the technical features of
the window element.
- Comparison of the product used (actual)
with the due performance (target).
Has an approved system been used?
- Building physics If applicable:

- Fall protection Check the properties of the glazing used:
- Solar radiation (cardinal direction)
- Thermal insulation (u-value)
- Summertime thermal insulation (e.g.
tinted glass)
- Check the fall-protecting properties of the
glazing (if required)
- Fire protection (if necessary)
- Sound insulation (if necessary)
- Design Check the properties of the window system
- Building physics used (glazing including frame and
casement):
- Frame connection (corners)
- Drainage openings, frame


Building physics If applicable:
- Thermal insulation Insulation of the all-round joint between the
- Waterproofing/dampproofing window element and the window frame.
- The surfaces of the elements (frame and
reveal) must be free from foreign
materials and dust.
- The insulation must fill the joint fully. If
PU foam is used, fill the foam completely
in the joint. After drying, cut off surplus
foam (which protrudes beyond the
window frame) flush with the window
frame.
- If sound insulation requirements exist,
Building physics check the joint insulation material for Insulation of the all-round joint between the
- Thermal insulation tested sound insulation properties. window element and the window frame
- Waterproofing/dampproofing - If fire protection requirements exist, it is
usual to insulate the joint with non-
flammable mineral wool.
Insulation of the all-round joint NOT complete
Building physics Inner all-round airtight joint between the

- Thermal insulation window element and the structure
- Waterproofing/dampproofing - The airtight joint can be made:
a) by means of round cord and elastic
sealant. The round cord is placed in the
joint between the frame and the reveal.
The substrate must be dust-free. The
joint is then sealed using elastic sealant.
Inner all-round airtight joint
b) by means of sealing tapes. The
sealing tapes are bonded onto the


window frame and the adjacent element.
The substrate must be clean and dust-
free. Check the adhesion of the tapes.
c) by means of plaster keying strips. The

plaster keying strips must be suitable for
this. The product data sheet must be
checked. The plaster keying strips are
bonded onto the window frame at the
sides and in the upper area. In particular,
check the joints of the plaster keying Check the adhesion of the tapes
strips in the corners for voids.
Building physics Check properties of the gaskets in the

- Sound insulation window frames and on the window
- Thermal insulation casements.
- The entire window construction should
be rain and wind-tight. To this end,
gaskets are arranged all-round between
the window frame and the window
casements. The gaskets must be
checked for tight fit. In particular, the
layout of the gaskets in the area of the
window corners must be checked.
- Check whether the gasket joints are
adhesive bonded. Window frames gskets and on the window
- Check whether the window casements lie casements
tight against the frame.

The layout of the gaskets in the area of the window

corners must be checked.
Function After completion, check operation of the

- Turn, tilt, Tilt &Turn function window elements.
- Does the window casement close
completely?
- Does the window casement open
completely?
- Does the window casement tilt
completely?
- Is a safety catch present (turning the Check operation of the window elements
window handle when the window is
open)?


Safety In case of full-height window elements with
- Fall protection glazing (French doors) without fall-
protection function.
- Is a railing mounted in front of the
window element?
- Is the railing sufficiently high to prevent
small children from climbing up it?
- Do the railing bars have a small space
between them, so that small children
cannot climb between them?
Has the railing a fall-protection function to protect

small children?

SBC 1101 Glazing in windows: • Is window glazing installed in If the glazing is intalled in hazardous location, then the glazing must be
Section 308 Glazing in an individual fixed or operable panel hazardous location, a saftey glass? Saftey Glass.
that meets all of the following conditions shall • Is window glazing a decorative glazing?
be considered to be a • Is a horizontal rail is installed on the What is a Saftey Glass?
hazardous location: accessible side(s) of the window glazing Is glazing that can pass "Impact test" where glazing shall be tested in
1) The exposed area of an individual 850 to 950 mm above the walking accordance with:
pane is larger than 0.85 m2, surface? 1) CPSC 16 CFR 1201 or
2) The bottom edge of the glazing is less • Is the safety glass tested in accordance 2) ANSI Z97.1
than 450 mm above the floor, with CPSC 16 CFR 1201 or ANSI
3) The top edge of the glazing is more Z97.1? NOTE:
than 900 mm above the floor; and Glazing in doors or enclosures for hot tubs, whirlpools, saunas, steam
• Is the manufacturer's designation and
4) One or more walking surfaces are rooms, bathtubs and showers shall not be permitted to be tested in
identification of glazing provided on
within 900 mm, measured horizontally accordance with ANSI Z97.1
and in a straight line, of the glazing. each pane of glazing?
Identification:
Each pane of glazing installed in hazardous locations as defined below
Exceptions: shall be provided with:
1) Decorative glazing. • a manufacturer's designation
2) Where a horizontal rail is installed on • specifying who applied the designation,
the accessible side(s) of the glazing • designating the type of glass and
850 to 950 mm above the walking
• the safety glazing standard with which it complies, which is
surface. The rail shall be capable of
visible in the final installation.
withstanding a horizontal load of 730
N/m without contacting the glass
and have a cross-sectional height of The designation shall be:
not less than 38 mm. • acid etched,
3) Outboard panes in insulating glass
• sand-blasted,
units and other multiple glazed panels
where the bottom edge of the glass is • ceramic-fired,
7500 mm or more above grade, a roof, • laser etched,
walking surfaces or other horizontal • embossed, or
[within 45 degrees of horizontal] • be of a type that once applied cannot be removed without being
surface adjacent to the glass exterior. destroyed.
A label shall be permitted in lieu of the manufacturer's designation.


5.7 Sealing of bathrooms/wet rooms

Technical Craft
Sealing of bathrooms and wet rooms

Craft Basics/Standards Technical function Inspection scope Defects, findings and notes
Waterproofing in General information on waterproofing in bathrooms
residential bathrooms
(bonded damp-proofing) SBC 1102 General requirements for the waterproofing
Walls and floors Section 2710 - Leak-tightness: Waterproofing must
protect wall, floor and ceiling
Section 2713
constructions from domestic water and
Section 2720 cleaning water
Manufacturer's instructions - The waterproofing shall be protected
from mechanical influences (generally
due to tiles)
Implementation of waterproofing in bathrooms

Quality level 1 (waterproofing in accordance with local planning)
Requirements for the top layer:
- Top layer must protect the waterproofing
- Surface must be adequately wear-
resistant and non-slip, further information
in "Side Inspection for tiling and natural
stonework trades"
Quality level 2 (waterproofing of floors in quality level 2, plus walls)

SBC 1102 Specifications for implementing the - Test conditions derive from quality stage Clarification: In SBC 1102, no reference to
Section 2710 waterproofing: 1 and 3 high water discharge points (shower head),
Section 2713 - Wall waterproofing in the vicinity of baths but rather to drains, i.e. with the arrangement
and showers (see quality level 3) of the shower head at a height of 2.20 m, for
Section 2720
- Per SBC 1102 tile height 1.80 m above example, the area between 1.80 m and at
Manufacturer's instructions least 2.20 m is unprotected (affects wall
top edge of the drain, i.e. waterproofing
on walls in the shower area is not higher waterproofing and wall tiles).

Quality level 3 (waterproofing in accordance with generally accepted codes of practice – Walls and floors)
Specifications for implementing the - Is waterproofing required?
waterproofing: - Substrate moisture-sensitive?
- Estimate the anticipated water ingress
Domestic water will be retained by the and stipulations per table in classes W0-I
screed layer and the walls, damage to the to W3-I
screed and wall would not arise with correct - Can waterproofing be omitted?
implementation.
- Water ingress class:
W0-I: Low
W1-I: Moderate
W2-I: High
W3-I: Very high
- Waterproofing required with:
W2-I and W3-I in general
W1-I: On floor areas
W1-I: On walls, if substrate is moisture-
sensitive
- No waterproofing required if:
W1-I: On walls if substrate is not
moisture-sensitive, which guarantees
adequate moisture protection, and where
domestic water cannot reach moisture-
sensitive substrate
W0-I: With water-repellent surfaces
with adequate protection

Assignment of surfaces to water ingress classes
Pool waterproofing General information on waterproofing basins and pools

SBC 1102 Requirements for the waterproofing:
Section 2710 - Waterproofing implementation depends
Section 2713 on location:
- Free-standing basin/pool – low
Section 2720
requirements for waterproofing
Manufacturer's instructions - Basin/pool on building or in building,
higher requirements for waterproofing
- Waterproofing indoor swimming pool
surroundings regulated per SBC 1102
- See above for further requirements
- See above for supplementary information
Implementation of waterproofing in basins and pools

Specifications for implementing the Clarification: How was the waterproofing in
waterproofing: pool areas carried out on-site previously?
Pool areas: Classification of highly impacted
Per SBC 1102, no separate information on areas – increased requirements on the
the implementation in the area of pools, waterproofing system and its connections.

see above for implementation and
information (quality level 1).
See the following explanations for the

permanent protection against penetrating
moisture with highly impacted areas:
- Differentiation to be made between
basins and pools that are directly used
and those that are furnished with a
surface covering
- The water ingress classes are dependent
on the depth of the basin/pool:
W1-B: Fill height up to 5 m
W2-b: Fill height over 5 m
- Basins/pools that are directly used can
be waterproofed with rigid or flexible
mineral-based waterproofing slurries
- Basins/pools with ceramic coverings as a
wear layer – bonded damp-proofing
possible using crack-covering
waterproofing slurries or crack-covering
reaction resins, whereby there are
increased requirements on crack
covering
- Do not apply waterproofing until the
substrate has dried all the way through
Stipulations for crack class: - Check extent to which the substrate

- Categorisation of the substrate into crack (generally, concrete) has dried out
classes: - Check the crack width
R0-B: No changes in crack width or new
cracks expected
R1-B: With cracks up to 0.2 mm
R2-B: With cracks up to 0.5 mm

R3-B: With cracks up to 1.0 mm and a
crack offset up to 0.5 mm
Stipulations for the location:
S1-B: Free-standing, outside
S2-B: Outside erection, adjoining
buildings and inside

5.8 Plumbing Work

Technical Craft
Plumbing Work

Plumbing work Plumbing work – areas of activity
- Durability SBC 1101 - Durability Roof drainage in the form of gutter systems
- Fitness for purpose - Fitness for purpose is covered in SBC 1102.
- Visual appearance Section 3C15
Roof drainage These photos and research showed that
roof drainage in the form of gutter systems
widely used in Europe are not used in Saudi
Arabia. Here flat roof constructions with
internal drainage are formed. These come
under sanitary installations.
Internal drainage of flat roof
Plumbing work – basic requirements

SBC 1102 Building physics influences - Expansion behaviour
Chapter 27 - Condensation
Construction documents
Manufacturer's instructions Manufacturer’s information System-related constructions of metal
covers or metal claddings are generally to
be used with specific manufacturer’s
requirements for their installation and
assembly.
Are manufacturer’s equirements/instructions
available for installation of the construction?
Are special basic conditions to be taken into
account for installation/assembly on the
construction site?
Plumbing work – external cladding
Exterior walls
SBC 1101 Material selection Material thickness
Section 8A3 (suitable / tested material thickness without
Exterior walls further verification)
Minimum thickness of weather coverings

Plumbing work Manufacturer's instructions - Aluminium cladding 0.5 mm
- Durability - Cold-rolled copper sheet 0.6 mm
- Fitness for purpose - Copper shingles 0.4 mm
- Visual appearance - Load-coated copper 0.6 mm
(Lead-coated copper)
- High-strength lead-coated copper 0.4 mm
(Lead-coated high-yield copper)
Tested materials, which are verified as
being suitable by testing to SBC 1102, can
have different material thicknesses.
⇨ Check / examine manufacturer’s
documents
Material selection Aluminium sheet must comply with the
AAMA 1402 requirements.
Material selection Metal flashings

SBC 1101 Use of corrosion-resistant or anti-corrosion
Section 8A3 protected material (enamelled, metallic
coating, electroplated, paint coat).
⇨ Coated metal sheets should be at least
0.378 mm thick
Coated metal sheets

Protection from external effects - weather Flashings / caps / drip edges / drip plates
protection The installation of flashings / drip plates or
SBC 1101 edges / caps is recommended wherever
Section 8A3 water can penetrate the external wall or
where water is to be drained to the outside.
⇨ Details of this given by way of example in
SBC 1102
Plumbing work
- Durability
- Fitness for purpose
- Visual appearance External cladding
External cladding
Resistance to wind loads / wind suction Flashings

SBC 1101 The fixings are to be designed for a wind
Section 8A3 load / wind suction to SBC 1102, however,
for at least 0.958 kg / m².
⇨ Have structural calculations been
performed for facade claddings?

Structural execution Exposed / water-exposed connections /
SBC 1101 edges / ends / penetrations must be sealed
with permanent / ageing-resistant sealant
Section 8A3
material.
⇨ Are all ends / penetrations covered /
sealed with a suitable sealing material?
Plumbing work
- Durability
- Fitness for purpose
- Visual appearance
Are all ends / penetrations covered / sealed

with a suitable sealing material?
Protection against external effects - Metal cladding must be earthed .

lightning ⇨ Are safe connections made to the
earthing system?
⇨ Are all components made of metal
conductively connected to each other?
⇨ Do additional conductive connections
have to be made?
Conductive connections

Plumbing work – roofings / spandrel covers (roof parapets)
Roof and assemblies and rooftop structures
Structural execution Metal covers/roofings are to be fixed onto
Plumbing work the load-bearing structure using fixings
- Durability tested by the manufacturer. If no
- Fitness for purpose information is available from the
- Visual appearance manufacturer, the following requirements
must be complied with:
- Roofings made of zinc sheet must be
fixed using galvanised connectors
- Fixings made of stainless steel are
approved for all metal coverings/roofings
- Roofings made of copper sheet must be
fixed using fixings made of Series 300
stainless steel
Structural execution Drip edges on eaves and gable wall

SBC 1102
Drip edges must protrude by at least 50
mm.
⇨ Do the drip edges protrude by a
sufficient amount?
Maximum drip edge fixing spacings 300

mm
⇨ Are the fixing spacings complied with?
Drip edges

Plumbing work Sanitation installation
- Sanitation Sanitary drainage system, plumbing fixtures etc.
- Water
- Wastewater
SBC 1102 Sanitary systems
Section 2602
Section 2603
Section 2902
Physical principles (independent of the SBC standard, only continuous function due – protection objective consideration)
Ability to inspect and unobstructed access
to the central components
No unreasonable noise impact due to
operation of the systems, inside and
outside of the building
Execution of inherently safe supply
discharge fittings (faucets), to prevent
backflow into the non-potable or drinking
water system
Prevention of backflow into the potable

water system
30 l/s air must be moved in the counterflow

for 1 l/s wastewater discharge
The pipe fill level (degree of fill) and
gradient must correspond, over-large
dimensions or excessive gradients tend to
cause blockages

Lateral inlets into collecting pipes must be
connected with 15° angle from above to
protect against backflows and the formation
of deposits
Cross-section reductions in flow direction Cross-section reductions in flow direction are

are not allowed not allowed
Working basis
Descriptions System and function descriptions, material Check and document the completeness of
definitions, bill of quantities the documents
Proofs/verifications/ Pipe pressure of the public supply pipes Check and document the completeness of
documentation (non-potable and drinking water pipes), the documents
operating, servicing and maintenance
instructions of the manufacturers
Drinking water (potable SBC 1102 Protection of potable water. The potable Check and document by way of example
water) system Section 2602 water system shall be protected from whether backflow preventers are installed
Prevention of backflow backflow in accordance with the Saudi in the drinking water system.
Section 2603
Plumbing Requirements.
Section 2902
Protection objective: Preventing
disadvantageous impairment of drinking
water hygiene.
Is backflow preventers are installed?

Wastewater pipes
Pipe dimensioning depending on peak flow,

pressure losses due to pipe friction
(material, lengths, fittings) and pipe valves
and fittings as well as the geodetic height

Main Plumbing fixtures
Water Closets Wall-hung (concealed (in-wall) flush tank) Check and document whether the correct
a la franca (European) / a la and floorstanding (top-mounted cistern) flushing and discharge function exists
turca (squatting WC pan) In general, with water connection for
manual anal cleaning and floor waste outlet
Protection objective:
Establishing permanently safe to use and
reliable function
Bathtubs Standard in the main bathroom Check and document whether the system
connections are leaktight. Check and
document, whether the bath tub drains
completely, noise-free, within 6 minutes
reliable function
Showers In general walk-in (no-step) showers, Check and document whether the system
shower tray (liner) made on site joints have been made leaktight
reliable function
Lavatories (Washbasins) Standard in all sanitary rooms Check and document whether the system
joints have been made leaktight
reliable function
Sinks Mostly located in the separate utility room Check and document whether the sink has
been adequately fixed
reliable function

Inspections, tests
Function test Simultaneous use of the discharge points Check and document whether all discharge
points of an apartment/house
simultaneously and noise-free
reliable function
Operating instructions For pumps, odour traps, waste outlets Check and document whether appropriate
operating instructions, suitably worded for
ordinary persons, are available
reliable function
Servicing, care and Notes on preventive flushing Check and document whether appropriate
maintenance instructions notes, suitably worded for ordinary
persons, are available
reliable function
Visual inspection Connection to the electrical earthing - Check and document, whether metal
system/equipotential bonding is present system parts are connected to the
Protection objective: earthing system
Protection against current/surge damage
and electric shock Assessment of the quality should be carried
out by the electrical engineering trade
Are metal parts connected to earthing

system

Leak test SBC 1102 Water supply system test. Upon completion - Check and document, whether the
Section 2720 of a section of or the entire water supply required system leaktightness exists
system, the system, or portion completed,
shall be tested and proved tight under a
water pressure not less than the working
pressure of the system; or, for piping
systems other than plastic, by an air test of
not less than 350 kPa. The water utilized
for tests shall be obtained from a potable
source of supply. The required tests shall
be performed in accordance with this
section and the Saudi Building Code
Leak test
Regulations.
Establishing permanently leaktight
execution

5.9 Metal works

Technical Craft
Metal works

Craft Basis/Standards Technical functions Inspection scope Defects, finding and notes
Metal structure works SBC 1101 This part will deal with the planning, Metal (or steel) is primarily used in two
(in residential construction) Section 308 creation and erection of buildings with steel areas in the construction of multi-story
Section 310 framework. With this, the SBC is oriented residential buildings. In general, it is
Section 312 more towards civil engineering and necessary to use steel on the one hand for
industrial construction rather than static/construction reasons (e.g. as beams,
conventional residential construction. supports or stiffening – either covered or
exposed when installed) and on the other
hand steel (or metal) can be used for
SBC 1101 deals with the subject of permanent safety measures, such as
"Stairways and Handrails", for example, handrails and guardrails, for example.
metal is not specifically mentioned or Reinforcing steel will deliberately not be
highlighted as a construction material. For dealt with here.
example, it is only stipulated here that the
stairways and handrails must be safe and In general, metal (construction steel) is a
securely erected. Because metal is also very strong construction material. As a
used for the construction of handrails in result it is used in areas where stability and
residential construction, protective goals strength are required, also in conjunction
such as strength and durability must also with other construction materials.
be complied with as a minimum. Visual
requirements are also important. Differentiation is made between the
following areas of application:
1. Static/construction areas
2. Area of safety measures (with visual
requirements)
3. Miscellaneous areas of application

Metal structure works SBC 1101 See above Questions to 1 (static/construction areas):
(in residential construction) Section 308
Section 310 - Is there is a design feature to assure
Section 312 correct positioning?
- Is the load bearing capacity assured?
- Are the support points / footplates and
head-plates connected in a force-locked
manner, e.g. by means of underlaid metal
plates or with expanding cement?
- Has corresponding corrosion protection
been established (zinc plating / corrosion-
protection coating)?
- Are there requirements for the processing
of weld seams in visible areas?
- Are shape changes possible due to
changes in temperature / expansion
joints?
The requirements for the testing of metal

and steel construction components must
be known by means of the planning
documentation.

Metal structure works Questions to 2 (area of safety measures
(in residential construction) See above (with visual requirements))
Use on balconies and roof terraces
- Are railings secured against being

climbed over, e.g. by means of panels
being fitted in the inside in the case of
horizontal railing struts?
- Must railing struts be fitted vertically?
- Is the load bearing capacity assured?
- Is stainless steel necessary (e.g. when
used in coastal areas with salt air)?
protection coating)?
- Are there requirements for the processing
of weld seams in visible areas?
joints?
Use in stairwells
- Are the dimensions / dimensioning /

height of the railings correct? Distances
to stairwell shaft ≤ 6 cm?
- Are railings secured against being
climbed over, e.g. by means of panels
being fitted in the inside in the case of
horizontal railing struts?
- Must railing struts be fitted vertically?
- Have the connection areas been
implemented with correctly dimensioned
connecting materials?
protection coating / finishing coat)?

Metal structure works See above - Are there requirements for the processing
(in residential construction) of weld seams in visible areas?

joints?
- Handrails fitted?
- Weld spatter rectified?
Are railings secured against being climbed over?

Metal structure works SBC 1101 See above Questions to 2 (area of safety measures
(in residential construction) Section 308 (with visual requirements))
Section 310
Section 312 Use in stairwells
- Openings too large? Can a cube with

15 cm edge length pass through the
structure?
Can a cube with 15 cm edge length pass through

the structure?
Metal structure works SBC 1101 See above Miscellaneous areas of application
(in residential construction) Section 308
Section 310 Miscellaneous areas of application for
Section 312 metal construction
in residential construction – could include:
- Coverings, grates
- Sheets
- Metal façades/cladding
- Grills
- Ladders
- Profiles
- Sub-structure
The protective goals for the miscellaneous

application areas are, by and large, the
same as the aforementioned purposes
(safety, durability, strength, fastening and
fastening materials, corrosion protection
and pos. fire protection).

GUARDS
GUARDS AND
WINDOW FALL The guard provisions address the issue of • Are guards located along all open-sided
PROTECTION protecting occupants from falling from any type walking surfaces that are located mor
of elevated walking surface. than 750 mm measured vertically to the
SBC 1101 floor or grade below?
SECTION 312 Stairs, ramps, and landings as examples of open- • Is Insect screening used as a guard?
SECTION 308 sided walking surfaces, but this is not an all-
inclusive list of locations where guards are • Is the guard height less than 900 mm as
required. measured vertically above the adjacent
walking surface?
Guards: • Are the top of the guard serves as a (Copy SBC 1101-CC, page 222)
Guards shall be located along: handrail less than 850 mm and not more
• open-sided walking surfaces, including: than 950 mm as measured vertically
o stairs, from a line connecting the leading edges
o porches, of the treads?
o balconies • Are the guard openings allow passage
o ramps, of a sphere 100 mm/110 mm in
o landings and diameter?
o swimming pools
• that are located mor than 750 mm • Are the triangular openings at the open
measured vertically to the floor or side of stair allow passage of a sphere
grade below. 150 mm in diameter?
• at any point within 900 mm • Is plastic composite exterior guards
horizontally to the edge of the open comply with ASTM D7032?
side. • Is glazing in guards above a walking
surface a safety glass?
Insect screening shall not be considered as a • Is the safety glass tested in accordance
guard. with CPSC 16 CFR 1201 or ANSI
Z97.1?
Required guards Height: • Is the manufacturer's designation and
Required guards shall be not less than 900 mm
identification of glazing provided on each
in height as measured vertically above the
pane of glazing?
adjacent walking surface or the line connecting
the leading edges of the treads.
Guard serves as a handrail:

Where the top of the guard serves as a
handrail on the open sides of stairs, the top of the
guard shall be not less than 850 mm and not
more than 950 mm as measured vertically from a
line connecting the leading edges of the treads.
Opening limitations:
Guards must be constructed so that they prohibit
smaller occupants, such as children,
from falling through them.
• Required guards shall not have
openings from the walking surface to
the required guard height that allow
passage of a sphere 100 mm in
diameter. (for guards on the open side
of stairs a sphere 110 mm in
diameter).
• The triangular openings at the open
side of stair, formed by the riser, tread
and bottom rail of a guard, shall not
allow passage of a sphere 150 mm in
diameter.
Exterior plastic composite guards:

Plastic composite exterior guards shall:
1. comply with ASTM D7032,
2. the general requirements for guards in
this section.
Glazing in guards:
• Glazing in guards above a walking surface
shall be Considered to be a hazardous
location.
• Glazing shall be tested in accordance with
CPSC 16 CFR 1201 or ANSI Z97.1
• Glazing shall be provided with:
• a manufacturer's designation

• specifying who applied the designation,
• designating the type of glass and
• The safety glazing standard with which
it complies, which is visible in the final
installation
The designation shall be:

• acid etched,
• sand-blasted,
• ceramic-fired,
• laser etched,
• embossed, or
• be of a type that once applied cannot be
removed without being destroyed.
A label shall be permitted in lieu of the

manufacturer's designation.
• Guards and handrails often coexist in the same assembly,
but they serve different jobs.
• Guards have only one purpose: They stand as a barrier
at the edge of raised walking surfaces to reduce the
possibility of an accidental fall.
• Handrails serve a quite different role: It is intended for
grasping by the hand by an occupant for guidance or
support while traversing an obstacle, such as a stairway
or ramp.


Handrails:
Handrails: • Is the handrail height less than 850 mm

The provision of handrails increases the level of and not more than 950 mm?
safety when used by the occupant's while • Is the handrail continuous for the full
ascending and descending stairs. length of the flight?
Handrails are used for guidance, stabilization,
• Is the handrail grip size comply with the
pulling and to assist in arresting a fall.
requirements of Section 311.7.8.3 of
SBC 1101?
Handrails shall be:
• provided on not less than one side of
each continuous run of treads or flight
• with four or more risers.
• Handrail height, measured vertically
from the sloped plane adjoining the
tread nosing, or finish surface of ramp
slope, shall not be less than 850 mm
and not more than 950 mm.
• Handrails for stairways shall be
continuous for the full length of the
flight, from a point directly above the top
riser of the flight to a point directly
above the lowest riser of the flight.
For handrail grip size requirements refer to

Section 311.7.8.3 of SBC 1101.

Glazing adjacent to stairs, ramps, and bottom stair landing
Glazing adjacent to stairs and ramps: • Is glazing adjacent to stairs and ramps a If the glazing is intalled in hazardous location, then the
Glazing where the bottom exposed edge of the safety glass? glazing must be Saftey Glass.
glazing is less than 900 mm above the plane of • Is glazing adjacent to the landing at the
the adjacent walking surface of stairways, landings bottom of a stairway a safety glass? What is a Saftey Glass?
between flights of stairs and ramps shall be • Is the safety glass tested in accordance Is glazing that can pass "Impact test" where glazing shall be
considered to be a hazardous location. with CPSC 16 CFR 1201 or ANSI tested in accordance with:
Z97.1? 3) CPSC 16 CFR 1201 or
Exceptions: • Is the manufacturer's designation and 4) ANSI Z97.1
1) Where a rail is installed on the accessible identification of glazing provided on each
side(s) of the glazing 850 to 950 mm above pane of glazing?
the walking surface. The rail shall be capable NOTE:
of withstanding a horizontal load of 730 N/m Glazing in doors or enclosures for hot tubs, whirlpools, saunas,
without contacting the glass and have a steam rooms, bathtubs and showers shall not be permitted to
cross-sectional height of not less than 38 mm. be tested in accordance with ANSI Z97.1
2) Glazing 900 mm or more measured
horizontally from the walking surface. Identification:
Each pane of glazing installed in hazardous locations as
defined below shall be provided with:

Glazing adjacent to the bottom stair Landing: • specifying who applied the designation,
Glazing adjacent to the landing at the bottom of a • designating the type of glass and
stairway where the glazing is less than 900 mm • the safety glazing standard with which it complies,
above the landing and within a 1500 mm which is visible in the final installation.
horizontal arc less than 180 degrees from the
bottom tread nosing shall be considered to be a
hazardous location. The designation shall be:
• acid etched,
Exception: • sand-blasted,
The glazing is protected by a guard complying with
• ceramic-fired,
SECTION 312 of SBC 1101 and the plane of the
glass is more than 450 mm from the guard. • laser etched,
• embossed, or
• be of a type that once applied cannot be removed
without being destroyed.
A label shall be permitted in lieu of the manufacturer's

designation.

Windows fall protection:
Windows fall protection:

The intent of these provisions is to prevent • Are the opening control devices installed
small children from falling out of open windows. on windows have an emergency release
device that complies with ASTM F2090?
An opening control device installed on any • Is windows fall protection required?
window must have an emergency release • Is windows fall protection installed?

device that is clearly identified and that operates
without the need for:
• a key,
• tool or
• special knowledge.
These operation criteria match the language in
the provisions for emergency escape and rescue
openings.
Windows fall protection is only required for

windows that meet all the following conditions:
1. Are operable,
2. Are located more than 1800 mm above
finished grade or another exterior
surface below, and
3. Have a sill height of less than 600 mm,
as measured vertically from the floor
surface of the room in which they are
located.
Where a window meets all of three above

conditions, it shall comply with at least one of the
following:
1. Have openings which will not allow
passage of a 100 mm-diameter sphere,
2. Be equipped with a window fall
prevention device in accordance with
ASTM F2090, or
3. Be equipped with opening control
devices in accordance with shall comply
with ASTM F2090.
Window opening control devices:

• Window opening control devices shall comply
with ASTM F2090.
• The window opening control device, after
operation to release the control device
allowing the window to fully open, shall not (Copy SBC 1101-CC, page 223)

reduce the net clear opening area of the
window unit to less than the area required by
Emergency and escape rescue openings
(Section 310.2.1 of SBC 1101). The area required by Emergency and escape rescue
openings: (Section 310.2.1 of SBC 1101):
Emergency and escape rescue openings shall have:

o Net clear opening of not less than 0.53 m2.
o Net clear height of not less than 600 mm.
o Net clear width of not less than 500 mm.
o Windowsill height of not more than 1100 mm above
the floor.

5.10 Painting and paperhanging works

Technical Craft
Paperhanging | Wallpapering

Craft Basics/standards Technical function / quality Inspection scope Defects, findings and notes
Painting works General information pertaining to painting work
Walls and ceilings SBC 201 Requirements for the painting work:
Section 803 - Creation of a visually appealing surface
Manufacturer's instructions - Creation of an exterior that is watertight
against driving rain
- Rust protection for steel components
- Protection of wooden components against
rotting and damage
- The painting work shall be determined on
the basis of durability and service life
Trade Basis Technical function / quality On-site checking
Wallpapering work Preparations for
- Surface evenness wallpapering work
- Visual appearance SBC 201 - Visual appearance Material selection
- Fire behaviour
Section 803 - Is the wall/ceiling covering (wallpaper,
Manufacturer's instructions non-woven) to be laid with a pattern?
Contractual documents - Does the wall/ceiling covering
(wallpaper, non-woven) have a repeating
pattern (pattern offset)?
Does the wall/ceiling covering have a repeating

pattern?
Installation Wall/ceiling
covering (wallpaper, non-
woven, paint)

Suitability for use - Assurance of durability Material selection
- Visual appearance - Should elastic connection joints be
implemented with suitable joint material
!
(that can be painted over)?
- Silicone cannot be painted over, use
acrylic / painters' acrylic
Eastic connection joints
SBC 201 Defect Effect

Section 803
Substrate too damp - Adhesive / paint will not bond
Manufacturer's instructions - Wall/ceiling covering (wallpaper, non-
woven) not bonded to the substrate

Substrate too absorbent - Adhesive dries out too quickly and does
not achieve its strength / bonding force
- Wall/ceiling covering (wallpaper, non-
woven, paint) not bonded to the
substrate
- Obvious gaps in joints between
wall/ceiling covering (wallpaper, non-
woven) strips
!
Obvious gaps in joints between wall/ceiling
covering
Substrate crack formation - Are there creases or cracks forming in

the wall/ceiling covering (wallpaper, non-
woven, paint)?
- Straight crack formation – expansion
joints in the substrate bonded over /
covered
© TÜV SÜD 2021 !

Page 135 of 285
Inadequate bonding - Hollows between wall/ceiling covering
(wallpaper, non-woven) and the
substrate
Application mistakes - Have the wall covering strips been
Visual impairment of pattern / strips applied with tight and discrete joints?
- Too wide / yawning joints between
neighbouring wall/ceiling covering
(wallpaper, non-woven) strips obvious
from a 2 m viewing distance?
- Strips overlapping at joints
Has the pattern been preserved
!
(repeating pattern)?
Application mistakes - Trimming work around installations

Trimming (flush-mounted boxes for electrical
fittings) carried out with precision?
- Trimming work around neighbouring
components (walls, columns, windows) ✓
carried out with precision?

Application mistakes - Have the strips been applied in such a
Application direction way as to preserve the pattern?
- Have coverings been applied in the
direction of (parallel with) the incidence
of daylight insofar as this is possible?
Protection of the installed coverings - Contamination of the wall/ceiling

Visual impairment covering (wallpaper, non-woven, paint)
due to subsequent trades
- Impact marks, finger marks, glue from
floor coverings
- Masking tape for painting work or
protective covering removed leaving no
residue and no damage?
Masking tape removed without residue

5.11 Landscaping works / external works

Technical Craft
Landscaping works | external works

Landscaping works / SBC 1101 The Saudi Building Code 303 - “Soil and In general, towards the end of construction
external areas Section 309 Foundations” essentially relates to projects for the erection of residential areas
earthworks and foundation works. It and new developments, the outdoor areas
Section 3D5
therefore concentrates on civil engineering, are built alongside the landscaping works.
but no landscape and outdoor works and is Ideally, the outdoor areas and the pending
therefore only conditionally applicable. landscape works are designed. Landscape
works and outdoor areas almost always
As outdoor areas are created and extend up to the buildings.
landscape works are carried out in classic
housing construction in Saudi Arabia, Road construction is deliberately not
protection objectives must at least be covered here.
defined and complied with. Visual
standards for the execution are also Essentially, earth movements are carried
important. out first or they are required.
The most important materials for this area
of the construction are mainly mineral in
nature or of mineral origin (e.g. sand,
crushed rock with various grading ranges,
cement, natural stone, manufactured stone,
etc. and water for their use).
The usual areas of use are:
4. Footpaths and pavements in residential

developments, without vehicle traffic
5. Road layouts in residential developments
with vehicle traffic for residents, but not
usual, high frequency road traffic
6. Footpaths/pavements adjacent to a road
7. Other, non-engineered use areas, e.g.
edgings

Landscaping works / see above For the inspector on site the question
external areas arises as to what is planned or designed
and, based on this, what loads have to be
Protection objectives: supported.
SBC 1101
Section 309 - Durability General road construction questions:
- Strength
Section 3D5
- Traction - Does a detailed design exist for the
- Evenness landscape work and for the outdoor
- Accessibility areas?
- Can dimensions, materials, ground
modelling, levels, installations such
as street lighting, etc. be read from
the drawings and compared with the
execution?
- Is the block paving structure of

footpaths / sidewalks described in
detail (thickness of the crushed rock
base course / thickness of the
chippings paver bed)?
- Do the edges have concrete
haunching and is the haunching
adequately dimensioned?
- Have the planned paving blocks /
natural stones been laid?
- Are the blocks level and safe to walk
on?
- Is accessibility provided, where due?
- Have cables and associated

materials been laid in the ground at
the edges of paths/roads and are
they correct for the purpose (e.g.
water protected distribution boxes) of
road/path edge lighting (bollard
lights)?
- Are the foundations for path edge
lighting adequate?

Landscaping works / see above

external areas
Protection objectives: Questions on surface quality:
- Durability - Are the joints filled or swept with sand /

SBC 1101 - Strength fine chippings?
Section 309 - Traction - Do the curbs wobble?
- Evenness - Have edgings been laid?
Section 3D5
- Accessibility
- Does edge and surface damage exist?
- Are the paving blocks dirty?

- Is eco paving agreed contractually?
- Has the correct soil been placed in the
joints of the eco pavers?

Landscaping works /
external areas
Are the paving blocks dirty?
see above
SBC 1101
Protection objectives: Questions on manhole covers and inlets:
Section 309
Section 3D5 - Durability - Are the paving blocks at the level of the
- Strength manhole covers?
- Traction - Have the paving blocks been laid directly
- Evenness up to the manhole covers?
see above
Protection objectives: Questions in case of cantilevered walls:
- Durability - Is the construction of cantilevered

- Strength retaining walls required at ground level
- Fall protection differences?
- Are the cantilevered walls plumb?
- Are the cantilevered walls damaged in
the visible areas?
Are the walls damaged?

Landscaping works /
external areas
see above
Protection objectives: Questions about steps:
- Durability - Are the steps laid safely?

- Strength - Are the rise-to-run ratios complied with?
- Traction - Is accessibility due (ramps)?
- Evenness
- Accessibility
Landscaping works / SBC 1101 see above

external areas Section 309
Protection objectives: Questions on joints at structures:
Section 3D5
- Durability (of the base plaster) - Is the base plaster (rendered plinth)
protected against moisture?
- Is the waterproofing protected against
mechanical damage?

Landscaping works / SBC 1101 see above General road construction questions:
external areas Section 309
Protection objectives: The previously asked questions apply.
Section 3D5
- Durability And additionally:
- Strength
- Traction - Are road gullies installed?
- Evenness - Have channel / swale blocks been laid?
- Accessibility - Are the blocks laid with a slope?
- Have flush curbs been laid?
- Are there tripping edges between
swale/channel and paving blocks?
Are the blocks laid with a slope?
GARAGES AND Clear height: • Is the clear height of garages and

CARPORTS The clear height in vehicle and pedestrian carports, less than 2150 mm?
traffic areas in garages and carports, • Are garage/carport floor surfaces of
SBC 1101 shall be not less than 2150 mm. approved noncombustible material?
SECTION 309 • Are garage/carport floor surfaces
Garages: sloped to facilitate the movement of
Garages shall comply with Sections 302.5, liquids to a drain or toward- the
302.6, and 309.1 of SBC 1101. main vehicle entry doorway?
• Are the private garages required to
Garage floor surfaces shall be: have sprinklers?
• of approved noncombustible • Is the sprinkler system in garages
material. connected to an automatic sprinkler
• The area of floor used for parking of system complies with Section 2904
automobiles or other vehicles shall (SBC 1102)?
be sloped to facilitate' the • Are the automatic garage door
movement of liquids to a drain or openers, listed and labeled in
accordance with UL 325?

toward- the main vehicle entry • Do carports open on not less than
doorway. two sides?
Garage Fire sprinklers:

Private garages are not required to have
sprinklers; however, where a designer chooses
to take advantage of reduced separation
requirements for a garage wall, it is
appropriate for the garage to be provided with
sprinklers as a means of property protection.
Sprinklers in garages shall be connected to an

automatic sprinkler system complies with
Section 2904 (SBC 1102).
Are garage/carport floor surfaces sloped to facilitate the movement of liquids to

a drain or toward- the main vehicle entry doorway?
Automatic garage door openers:
Automatic garage door openers, if provided,
shall be listed and labeled in accordance with
UL 325.
Carports:
• Carports shall be open on not less
than two sides.
• Carport floor surfaces shall be of
approved noncombustible material.
Asphalt surfaces shall be permitted
at ground level in carports
• The area of floor used for parking of
automobiles or other vehicles shall
be sloped to facilitate the movement
of liquids to a drain or toward the
main vehicle entry doorway.
• Carports do not open on two or
more sides shall be considered to be
a garage and shall comply with

Sections 302.5, 302.6, and 309.1 of
SBC 1101
SUBSURFACE Materials, design, construction and installation • Does the subsurface landscape
LANDSCAPE of subsurface landscape irrigation systems irrigation systems connected to
IRRIGATION connected to nonpotable water from on-site nonpotable water from on-site water
SYSTEMS water reuse systems shall comply with Section reuse systems comply with Section
3009 of SBC 1102. 3009 of SBC 1102?
SBC 1102
SECTION 3009
Subsurface landscape irrigation systems

5.12 HVAC-systems
Technical Craft
HVAC -Systems

Air Ventilation Systems (in new residential buildings to be built)
System limits (Not the subject of this document)
Smoke control and SBC 1102 Smoke hoods, smoke and heat exhaust
pressurisation systems Section 1505 ventilation systems, smoke control
pressurisation systems, safety pressure
Section 1506
ventilation systems, elevator smoke
Section 1507 extraction
Exhaust opening
Compressed air systems
High and medium pressure

ventilation systems
Kitchen exhaust systems Commercial grease ducts
Smoke hoods
Process ventilation systems Commercial and industrial applications
Wastewater pipe ventilation

Basic principles
SBC 1102
Section 1505
Section 1506 For pipe connection and switching device
Section 1507 requirements Storm drainage systems
For washroom and toilet room ventilation
requirements
Ventlation systems
Ability to inspect an unobstructed access to
the central components
Execution of cleaning openings in air ducts

operation of the plant, inside and outside of
the building
Electrical equipotential bonding on sail

cloth connectors and air duct connections
to ventilation equipment
Adequate structural design and load-

bearing capacity of the installation areas of
the central components, for example,
central ventilation equipment, split air-
conditioning external units, etc.

Safe disconnection of the power supply of
the electrically operated components (fans,
heaters, pumps, etc.), for example, by
means of repair switch
Repair switch
Working basis Descriptions System and function descriptions, material Check and document the completeness of
Focal areas of the inspections
Space ventilation SBC 1102 When required. Ventilation shall be
Necessity Section 1505 provided during the periods that the room
or space is occupied.
Section 1506
Section 1507
Space ventilation during use
Space ventilation system

Minimum ventilation area for SBC 1102 Ventilation area required. The minimum
natural ventilation Section 1505 openable area to the outdoors shall be 4
percent of the floor area being ventilated.
Section 1506
Section 1507
Adequate natural space ventilation
Minimum ventilation area for SBC 1101 Adjoining spaces. Where rooms and
natural ventilation for Section 303 spaces without openings to the outdoors
adjacent rooms are ventilated through an adjoining room,
the opening to the adjoining rooms shall be
unobstructed and shall have an area not
less than 8 percent of the floor area of the
interior room or space, but not less than 2.3
square meters. The minimum openable
area to the outdoors shall be based on the
total floor area being ventilated.
Adequate natural space ventilation

Minimum outdoor air supply SBC 1101 Required Outdoor Ventilation Air The required ventilation can be verified by
Section 303 • checking the manufacturers data
Private dwellings, single and multiple sheet
Living areas • ingesting label of identification
plate on the ventilator.
Based upon number of bedrooms. first • inspecting if ventilation works by
bedroom: 2; each additional bedroom:1; switching on/off
0.35 air changes per houra or 8 liter/sec.
per person whichever is greater
Kitchens
48 liter/sec. intermittent or 12 liter/sec.
continuous
Toilet rooms and bathrooms Building ventlation system
mechanical exhaust capacity of 24 liter/sec.
intermittent or 10 liter/sec.continuous
Garages, separate for each dwelling
48 liter/sec. per car
Garages, common for multiple units
8 liter/sec. per m2
Adequate ventilation with outdoor air

Space ventilation and SBC 1102 General. Mechanical ventilation systems Check by way of example and document,
air conditioning systems shall be provided with manual or automatic whether equipment (for example: room
Section 1505
control controls that will operate such systems thermostats, switch or control units, etc.) is
Section 1506 executed for operation of the space
whenever the spaces are occupied.
Section 1507 Airconditioning systems that supply ventilation or air conditioning system.
required ventilation air shall be provided
with controls designed to automatically
maintain the required outdoor air supply
rate during occupancy.
Change in space air states by the user.
Non-metal air ducts SBC 1102 Nonmetallic ducts. Nonmetallic ducts Check by way of example and document,
shall be constructed with Class 0 or Class 1 whether non-metal air ducts are
Qualities Section 1601
duct material in accordance with UL 181. implemented in accordance with the quality
Fibrous duct construction shall conform to requirements.
the (SMACNA Fibrous Glass Duct
Construction Standards) or (NAIMA Fibrous
Glass Duct Construction Standards). The
maximum air temperature within
nonmetallic ducts shall not exceed 120 °C.
Quality assurance of non-metal air ducts. Diffuser cleaning
Air ducts SBC 1102 Slope. Ducts shall slope to allow drainage Check by way of example and document,
to a point provided with access. whether air ducts laid underground are laid
Laying Section 1601
with gradient towards the drainage.
Discharge of water within air ducts laid
underground
Ducts shall slope to allow drainage to a
point provided with access.

Air ducts SBC 1102 Surface temperature. Ducts that operate Check by way of example and document,
at temperatures exceeding 49 °C shall whether the insulation of air ducts, which
Insulation Section 1601
have sufficient thermal insulation to limit the are operated with a temperature above
exposed surface temperature to 49 °C. 49 °C, is sufficient to limit the surface
temperature of the insulation to 49 °C.
- Prevention of heat loss
Protection from hot surfaces
Fire dampers SBC 1102 Access and identification. Fire and smoke Check by way of example and document,
Accessibility, inspection and Section 2439 dampers shall be provided with an whether fire dampers can be inspected and
identification approved means of access, large enough maintained without obstruction or
to permit inspection and maintenance of impairment.
the damper and its operating parts. The Check by way of example and document,
access shall not affect the integrity of whether fire dampers are identified outside
fireresistance-rated assemblies. The and in the immediate vicinity with SMOKE
access openings shall not reduce the DAMPER or FIRE DAMPER with lettering
fireresistance rating of the assembly. size at least 12.5 mm.
Access points shall be permanently
identified on the exterior by a label having
letters not less than 12.5 mm in height
reading: SMOKE DAMPER or FIRE Fire and smoke dampers
DAMPER. Access doors in ducts shall be
tight fitting and suitable for the required
duct construction.
Inspection and maintenance of fire
dampers.

Minimum room temperature SBC 1101 Residential occupancies. Dwellings shall be Check by way of example and document,
in apartments provided with cooling and heating facilities whether the room temperature of 20 °C in
Section 303
capable of maintaining a room temperature residential rooms, bathrooms and toilet
of 20 °C in all habitable rooms, bathrooms rooms is maintained in the summer and
and toilet rooms based on the winter at the design outdoor temperatures.
summer/winter outdoor design
temperature.
Comfort due to adequate cooling or heating
of the dwelling rooms.
Air ducts SBC 1102 Sealing required. All joints, longitudinal Check and document whether the flange
and transverse seams, and connections in connections of air ducts are sealed and
Sealing and fixing Section 1601
ductwork, shall be securely fastened and adequately fixed.
sealed with welds, gaskets, mastics
(adhesives), mastic-plus-embedded-fabric
systems or tapes. Tapes and mastics used
to seal ductwork shall be listed and labeled
in accordance with (UL 181A or UL 181B).
Duct connections to flanges of air
distribution system equipment shall be
sealed and mechanically fastened. Unlisted
duct tape is not permitted as a sealant on
any metal ducts
Minimum air leakage rate and permanent
fixing of air ducts.
Sealing and fixing of ducts

Ventilation systems SBC 1102 Mechanical ventilation. Each mechanical Check and document, whether easily
ventilation system (supply or exhaust, or accessible switching off devices of
Shutoff device
both) shall be equipped with a readily ventilation systems and gravity or spring
accessible switch or other means for dampers are implemented in outdoor air
shutoff, or volume reduction and shutoff, penetrations.
when ventilation is not required. Automatic
or gravity dampers that close when the
system is not operating shall be provided
for outdoor air intakes and exhausts.
Operation of ventilation systems according
to requirement.
Washrooms and toilet rooms SBC 1102 Light and ventilation. Washrooms and Check and document, whether all
toilet rooms shall be illuminated and washrooms and toilet rooms are ventilated
Section 1104
ventilated in accordance with the Saudi naturally or mechanically.
Section 1507
Building Code Architectural Requirements
SBC 1102.
Ventilation of all washrooms and toilet
rooms

Controls
Systems
• At least one thermostat shall be provided for • Is one thermostat provided for each
SBC 1102 each separate heating and cooling system. separate heating and cooling system?
Section 1103 • Is the wall-mounted thermostat
Section 1413 • Wall-mounted thermostat shall be mounted installed on an inside wall?
on an inside wall. • Is the thermostat capable of being set
from 13°C to 29°C?
• Each thermostat shall be capable of: • Is adjustable dead band, provided
o being set from 13°C to 29°C and with automatic changeover system?
o Operating the system's cooling
and/or heating.
• When automatic changeover

(cooling/heating system) is provided, the
thermostat shall have an adjustable dead
band, the range of which includes a setting
of 3°C between heating and cooling.
Mechanical system piping insulation
Thermal insulation: • Are mechanical system piping and

Mechanical system piping and service hot water service hot water systems insulated to
systems shall be insulated to a minimum of R- a minimum of R-0.53 m2•°C/W?
0.53 m2•°C/W. • Is piping insulation exposed to
weather protected from damages?
Protection of piping insulation: • Is condensate from cooling coils and
Piping insulation exposed to weather shall be evaporators conveyed to an approved
protected from damage, including that caused by: place of disposal?
• sunlight, • Is condensate piping maintain a
• moisture, minimum horizontal slope in the
• equipment maintenance and direction of discharge of not less than
• wind, and one-percent slope?
• shall provide shielding from solar
radiation that can cause the material.
Adhesive tape shall not be permitted.

Condensate disposal:
• Condensate from cooling coils and
evaporators shall be conveyed from the
drain pan outlet to an approved place of
disposal.
• Such piping shall maintain a minimum
horizontal slope in the direction of
discharge of not less than one-percent
slope.
• Condensate shall not discharge into a
street, alley or other areas where it would
cause a nuisance.
Natural ventilation and air tightness requirements

Ventilation • All habitable rooms are required to be
provided with natural ventilation through • Is the air tightness test less than
SBC 1101 windows, doors or other ACH50?
Section 303 approved openings, with an option for • Is the dwelling required to be provided
mechanical ventilation. with whole-house mechanical
SBC 1102 ventilation?
Section 1501 • For years natural ventilation has been
Section 1502 used which relied on the occupants to open
windows and doors to provide ventilation to
dwellings. While natural ventilation is still
allowed, concerns over indoor air quality
have raised questions over the
effectiveness of naturally ventilating a
dwelling.
• There are provisions in the code that allow

mechanical ventilation to be provided
instead of natural ventilation, and, in some
cases, require mechanical ventilation to be
provided.

• When natural ventilation alone is not
sufficient for dwellings that are tightly
sealed, the dwelling is required to be
provided with whole-house mechanical
ventilation.
• The air tightness test is such that their

infiltration rate is 5 or fewer air changes per
hour at an indoor/outdoor pressure
differential of 50 Pa (ACH50).
• In the case where the air infiltration is 5

ACH or greater, the code provisions are
not mandatory, but they can be used by
the designer as another tool or option to
provide ventilation for a home in lieu of
using natural ventilation.
Habitable rooms
Habitable rooms shall have: Habitable rooms in a dwelling unit are family rooms and bedrooms used for
• An aggregate glazing area of not less than 8 • Do all habitable rooms have an living, sleeping, eating, or cooking. (bedrooms, living rooms, kitchen…)
percent of the floor area of such rooms for aggregate glazing area of not less
natural lighting. than 8 percent of the floor area? Habitable rooms are typically occupied, and as such they are more highly
• An openable area to the outdoors of not • Do all habitable rooms have an regulated than non-Habitable rooms.
less than 4 percent of the floor area being openable area to the outdoors of not
ventilated for natural ventilation. less than 4 percent of the floor area?
• Do all sleeping rooms have at least
Natural ventilation through openings to the one operable emergency escape and
outdoor air shall be through: rescue opening?
• windows, • Do all emergency escape and rescue
• skylights, opening comply with the code
• doors, requirements?
• louvers or • In case of overriding the 8% glazing
• other approved openings. and the 4% ventilation requirements
Such openings shall be provided with: for habitable rooms, are all code
• ready access or requirements met?
• readily controllable • For interior rooms, are natural light
by the building occupants. and ventilation requirements
satisfied?

Override natural lighting and ventilation

requirements for Habitable rooms:
The 8% glazing and the 4% ventilation
requirements can be deleted from habitable
rooms if all the following requirements are met:
1. At least one operable emergency
escape and rescue opening shall be
installed in every sleeping room
accordance with Section 310 of SBC-
1101. (review fire-resistant
constructions chapter of inspection
handbook).
2. A whole-house mechanical
ventilation system is installed in
accordance with Section 1507 (SBC
1102).
3. Artificial light is available that can
produce an average illumination of 65
lux over the room at a height of 750
mm above the floor level.
Adjoining rooms:
Interior rooms are rooms which do not have
access to an exterior wall to satisfy natural light
and ventilation requirements, they may be
considered as part of an adjoining room if:
• they are open to an adjoining room
• where not less than one-half of the
area of the common wall is:
o open and
o unobstructed
• and provides an opening of not less
than one-tenth (10%) of the floor area
of the interior room and not less than
2.3 m2.

Bathrooms:
Bathrooms, water closet compartments and other • Are bathrooms, water closet
similar rooms shall be provided with: compartments and other similar
• Aggregate glazing area in windows rooms provided with an aggregate
• of not less than 0.3 m2, glazing area in windows of not less
• one- half of which must be openable. than 0.3 m2, one- half of which must
be openable?
• In case of overriding the glazing area
Override glazing requirements of bathrooms: requirements for bathrooms, are all
The glazed areas shall not be required where: code requirements met?
1. artificial light and • Are the minimum local exhaust rates
2. a local exhaust system for kitchens 50 l/s intermittent or 10 l/s
3. are provided. continuous?
• Are the minimum local exhaust rates
for bathrooms-toilet rooms 20 l/s
local exhaust rates: intermittent or 9 l/s continuous?
The minimum local exhaust rates shall be • Is all local exhaust air exhausted
determined in accordance with the following: directly to the outdoors?
1. Kitchens: 50 l/s intermittent or 10 l/s
continuous.
2. Bathrooms-Toilet Rooms: Mechanical
exhaust capacity of 20 l/s intermittent
or 9 l/s continuous.
Exhaust air from the space shall be exhausted

directly to the outdoors
Whole-house mechanical ventilation system
Where the air infiltration rate of a dwelling unit • Is whole-house mechanical ventilation
is 5 air changes per hour (5ACH) or less were mandatory?
tested with a blower door at a pressure of 50 Pa • Does the whole-house mechanical
in accordance with ventilation run continuously or through
Section 1102.4.1.2 (SBC 1102), the dwelling unit a programmed intermittent schedule
shall be provided with whole-house to satisfy the whole-house ventilation
rate?

mechanical ventilation in accordance with • Is a manual override switch/control
Section 1507.3 (SBC 1102). provided?
• Are mechanical and gravity outdoor
• The whole-house mechanical ventilation air intake openings located not less
system is designed to mechanically than 3000 mm from any hazardous or
exchange indoor air for outdoor air thus it noxious contaminant?
must run continuously or through a • Is exhaust air directed onto
programmed intermittent schedule to satisfy walkways?
the whole-house ventilation rate. • Are mechanical and gravity outdoor
• A manual override switch/control must be air intake opening 900 mm or greater
provided to allow the occupants an option to below the contaminant source?
override the system when they will be away.
Air Intake openings:

Mechanical and gravity outdoor air intake
openings shall be located not less than 3000 mm
from any hazardous or noxious contaminant,
such as:
• vents,
• chimneys,
• plumbing vents,
• streets, alleys,
• parking lots and
• loading docks.
Exceptions:
The 3000 mm separation is not' required where
the intake opening is 900 mm or greater below
the contaminant source.
For the purpose of this section, the exhaust

from dwelling unit:
• toilet rooms,
• bathrooms and
• kitchen
shall not be considered as hazardous or
noxious.

Exhaust openings:
Exhaust air shall not be directed onto walkways.
Exhaust systems:
The primary intent of this section is to avoid • Is air removed by every mechanical
exhausting contaminants into areas that may be exhaust system discharged to the
occupied by people or into concealed spaces. outdoors?
• Is air removed by every mechanical
Outdoor discharge: exhaust system discharged into an
• The air removed by every mechanical attic, soffit, ridge vent or crawl space?
exhaust system shall be discharged to • Is the dryer exhaust system
the outdoors. independent of all other systems?
• Air shall not be exhausted into an attic,
soffit, ridge vent or crawl space. • Is the dryer exhaust system
exhausted in accordance with the
Exception: manufacturer's instructions and
Whole-house ventilation-type attic: convey the moisture to the outdoors?
Fans that discharge into the attic space of • Is the dryer a ductless clothes dryer?
dwelling units having private attics shall be • Are range hoods discharge to the
permitted. outdoor through a duct?
• Is the duct serving the hood
constructed of galvanized steel,
Clothes dryers exhaust systems: stainless steel or copper?
A clothes dryer will vent about a gallon of water • Is the exhaust duct serving the hood
for each load of laundry. If the dryer vent independent of all other exhaust
discharges into a crawlspace, attic, or other systems?
building cavity, the potential for moisture-related
damage is significant. Clothes dryers must vent
directly to the outside.

• Does the duct serving the hood
• Clothes dryers shall be exhausted in terminate in an attic or crawl space or
accordance with the manufacturer's areas inside the building?
instructions. • Are the ductless range hoods
installed in accordance with the
• Dryer exhaust systems shall be independent manufacturer's instructions?
of all other systems and shall convey the • Is mechanical or natural ventilation
moisture to the outdoors. provided for spaces equipped with
ductless range hoods?
Exception: (Ductless) clothes dryers. • Are the minimum domestic kitchen
This section shall not apply to list cooking appliances fans rates 50 l/s
and labeled condensing (ductless) clothes intermittent or 10 l/s continuous?
dryers. • Is the Installation of a microwave
oven over a cooking appliance
comply with the code requirements?
Clothes dryers duct termination:
• Exhaust ducts shall terminate on the
outside of the building.
• Exhaust duct terminations shall be in
accordance with the dryer manufacturer's
installation instructions.
• If the manufacturer's instructions do not
specify a termination location, the exhaust
duct shall terminate not less than 900 mm
in any direction from openings into buildings.
• Exhaust duct terminations shall be equipped
with a backdraft damper.
• Screens shall not be installed at the duct
termination.
RANGE HOODS:
Range hoods shall discharge to the outdoor
through a duct. The duct serving
the hood shall:
• be constructed of galvanized steel,
stainless steel or copper.
• have a smooth interior surface,
• be airtight,
• be equipped with a backdraft damper

• be independent of all other exhaust
systems.
• not terminate in an attic or crawl space
or areas inside the building
Ductless range hoods shall not be required to

discharge to the outdoors where:
1. installed in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions,
2. mechanical or natural ventilation is
provided.
Kitchen exhaust rates:

Where domestic kitchen cooking appliances
are equipped with:
• ducted range hoods or
• down- draft exhaust systems,
the fans shall be sized in accordance with Table
15-5.
Installation of a microwave oven over a

cooking appliance:
This section addresses the fire hazard created by
having hot surfaces, open flames and, possibly, a
cooking fire located under a cooking appliance or
microwave oven. (Copy SBC 1102-CC, page 100)
The installation shall conform to:

1. The terms of the upper appliance's
listing and label.
2. The manufacturer's installation
instructions.
3. The microwave oven shall conform to
UL 923.
4. The cooking appliance or microwave
oven installed above other cooking
appliances must be listed for use above
the lower appliance.


5.13 Central water heating

Technical Craft
(Central) Water Heating

Central water heating Hot water supply systems
systems (in the building)
Space-heating Dwelling heating (is regionally hardly ever
achieved with hot water in smaller
housing)
Swimming pool heating Special installations / systems
Basic principles SBC 1102

Section 2005
Section 2006
SBC 1102 In particular, water heaters (2.28), Hot
Section 2005 water supply system (3.7)
Section 2006 Only in relation to the energy efficiency of
water heaters (4.4)
In particular, solar systems (12)
For sound insulation requirements
For fire safety requirements
Water heater

Leaktightness of the pipe network
Ability to inspect the central components
Insulation of heat carrying pipes/heat storage

(accumulator) to reduce heat losses and as
protection against scalding (especially in
solar systems)
Insulation of heat carrying pipes
For larger systems: Circulation system with

circulation pump to avoid pipe cooling
(comfort), balancing required
System size depending on the number and
type of supply output points (total flow) and
their simultaneity (peak flow)
Pipe dimensioning depending on peak flow,
pressure losses due to pipe friction (material,
lengths, fittings) and pipe valves and fittings
as well as the geodetic height
Use shortest possible pipe runs and as few
valves and fittings as possible

Corrosion protection / limescale deposits at
high hot water temperature (from around
60 °C), currently not a major problem in the
region
Electrical equipotential bonding of metal

components
Equipotential bonding of metal pipes
Fire protection equipment for pipes routed

between apartments (or general components
with fire resistance requirements)

Plant operation may not generate any
unacceptable noise
Working basis
Descriptions System and function descriptions, Check and document the completeness of
material definitions, bill of quantities the documents
Proofs/verifications Manufacturers’ proofs of suitability, leak Check and document the completeness of
test records of the hot water pipes, if the documents
applicable, commissioning record for a
solar system
Water heaters
Water heater space

Special installations /
systems
Oil/gas-fired boiler for water SBC 1102 Less important in housing with up to 10
heating Section 2435 dwelling units
Swimming pool SBC1102 Heating of swimming pools with hot

Section 2005 water, less important in housing with up
to 10 dwelling units
Section 2006
Inspections, tests
Leak test SBC 1102 Water supply system test. Upon Check and document, whether the required
Section 2417 completion of a section of or the entire system leaktightness exists
water supply system, the system, or
portion completed, shall be tested and
proved tight under a water pressure not
less than the working pressure of the
system; or, for piping systems other than
plastic, by an air test of not less than 350
kPa. The water utilized for tests shall be
obtained from a potable source of supply.
The required tests shall be performed in
accordance with this section and the Leak test
Saudi Building Code Regulations.
Establishing permanently leaktight
execution
System flushing before Protection objective: Check and document whether the system
putting into service Cleaning of the system and protection of and its pipes were sufficiently flushed before
system components, e.g. valves. against putting into service
damage due to coarse dirt input

Function test Use of different hot water supply outlet Check and document, whether at all supply
points. outlet points in an apartment sufficient (both
Protection objective: discharge quantity and temperature) and low-
noise hot water is discharged within an
acceptable discharge time
reliable function
Check and document central hot water
temperatures
Visual inspection Connection to the electrical earthing Check and document, whether metal system
system/equipotential bonding is present parts are connected to the earthing system
Assessment of the quality should be carried
Protection against current/surge damage
out by the electrical engineering trade
and electric shock
Documentation
Operating instructions For the central storage system/solar Check and document, whether appropriate
collectors, if applicable circulation pumps, operating instructions, suitably worded for
and circulation control valves ordinary persons, are available
reliable function
As-built plan As-built-drawing with dimensions and Check and document, whether the complete
details of the flow rates documents of the as-built situation are
available in full
reliable function
Servicing, care and Notes on preventive flushing Check and document, whether appropriate
maintenance instructions notes, suitably worded for ordinary persons,
are available
reliable function

Central water heater room
Water Heaters
Central water heater shall be accessible for: • Is the central water heater accessible?
• inspection, • Is the working space in front of the
SBC 1102 • service, control side to service the central water
Section 1305 • repair and heater adequate?
Section 2801 • replacement
without removing permanent construction,
other appliances, or any other piping or ducts
not connected to the appliance
being inspected, serviced, repaired or replaced.
A level working space not less than 750 mm

deep and 750 mm wide shall be provided in
front of the control side to service the central
water heater
Water heater working space
Seismic Design
Water heater seismic bracing: • Does the Water heater require seismic
1) In Seismic Design Categories D0, D1 bracing?
and D2 and • Is the seismic bracing as per the
2) Townhouses in Seismic Design requirements?
Category C,
water heaters shall be anchored or strapped:
• In the upper one-third and
• In the lower one-third

of the appliance to resist a horizontal force
equal to one-third of the operating weight of the
water heater, acting in any horizontal direction,
or in accordance with the appliance
manufacturer's recommendations.
SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEMS
• Where heated water is discharged from a • Is thermostatic mixing valve is

solar thermal system to a hot water installed?
distribution system, a thermostatic • Is thermostatic mixing valve complying
mixing valve complying with ASSE 1017 with ASSE 1017?
shall be installed to temper the water to a
temperature of not greater than 60°C. • Is the water temperature limiting
devices installed?
• The thermostatic mixing valve required by
this section shall not be a substitute for • Is the temperature of heated water
water temperature limiting devices. discharged from a solar thermal
system to a hot water distribution
• Solar water-heating systems need repair system less than 60°C?
and servicing from time to time, so a
shutoff valve is required on the water • Is the shutoff valve to the water heater
supply to the system. supply line installed?
• Where multiple storage tanks are installed • Is bypass piping arrangement to each
for a solar water-heating system, each tank exist?
tank must have a bypass piping

arrangement to bypass the tank for
maintenance and replacement.
Pressure- and a temperature-relief valve

Relief Valves •
Relief valves are needed to protect the water • Are relief valves to water heaters • Pressure-relief valves are designed to relieve excessive pressures
SBC 1102 heater against damage and potential violent installed? that can develop in a closed system (the water heater and piping).
Section 2804 explosion. • Are relief valves conform to ANSI
Z21.22? • Temperature-relief valves are designed to open in response to
Appliances and equipment used for heating • Are relief valves installed in excessive temperatures and to discharge heated water, thereby
water or storing hot water shall be protected accordance with manufactured limiting the water temperature in the water heater.
by one of the following: instructions?
1. A separate pressure-relief valve and • In the event of water heater control malfunction, it is possible for the
a separate temperature-relief valve. water pressure to exceed the maximum pressure for which the water
2. A combination pressure- and- heater and piping system were designed. Also, water heater control
temperature relief valve. failures could allow excessive temperature rises that could superheat
the water (i.e., heated above the temperature at which it would
Relief valves shall conform to ANSI Z21.22. vaporize at atmospheric pressure).
Pressure-relief valves shall be set to

open at not less than 170 kPa above the
system pressure and not greater than one
MPa.
The relief-valve setting shall not exceed the

rated working pressure of the tank.
Temperature-relief valves shall be installed

such that the temperature-sensing element:
1. monitors the water within the top 150
mm of the tank.
2. The valve shall be set to open at a
temperature of not greater than
100°C.
Combination pressure and temperature-

relief valves shall comply with the
requirements for separate:

1. Pressure -relief valves and
2. Temperature-relief valves.
Vacuum-relief valve:
Vacuum-relief valve: • Is the water heater tank is feed from

Bottom fed tank-type water heaters and bottom bottom?
fed tanks connected to water heaters shall have • Is vacuum-relief valve installed?
a vacuum-relief valve installed that complies • Is vacuum-relief valve complying with
with ANSI Z21.22. ANSI Z21.22?
Energy efficiency of central water heater

Water heating
systems Demand recirculation systems are sustainable • Is the demand recirculation system is
systems (green building) since they reduce the equipped with automatic time switches
SBC 1102 water and energy consumption. or other controls that can be set to

Section 1103 switch off the system when hot water is
Demand recirculation systems are systems not required?
designed to maintain usage temperatures in • Do the pumps of demand recirculation
hot-water pipes which will reduce wasting too systems have controls?
much potable water waiting for hot water to • Is hot water piping system insulated?
arrive from the water heater. Thus, demand • Is the R-value of the hot water pipe
recirculation systems will provide hot water insulation being greater than R-0.53
from your taps quickly, without wasting too m2•°C/W?
much water, energy, or money. • Is the hot water pipe insulation
installed as per the requirements?
Examples of demand recirculation systems

are:
1) Heated water circulation system.
2) Temperature maintenance system.
Demand recirculation systems shall be

equipped with automatic time switches or
other controls that can be set to switch off the
usage temperature maintenance system during
extended periods when hot water is not
required.
Pumps of demand recirculation systems shall

have controls that comply with both of the
following:
1. The control shall start the pump
upon receiving a signal from the
action of a user or from automatic
time switches or other controls.
2. The control shall limit the
temperature of the water entering the
cold-water piping to (40°C).
Hot water pipe insulation:

• Insulation for hot water pipe with a
minimum thermal resistance (R-value) of

R-0.53 m2•°C/W shall be installed to
within 5 cm of all:
• appliances,
• fixtures,
• structural members, or
• a wall where the pipe passes through
to connect to a fixture.
• Insulation is not required where the

insulation interferes with provisions for
mechanical expansion or the mechanical
operation of valves.

5.14 Gas installation works

Technical Craft
Gas Installations

Gas installation systems Gas installation systems (liquid gas systems in buildings for cooking purposes)
Space-heating / Hot water Residential heating and hot water
supply systems generation (hardly ever realised in small
residential constructions with gas boilers,
but rather with electrical systems)
Gas for technical processes Special systems
Basic principles
Legal foundations SBC 1102
Technical foundations Section 2447 In particular, the aeration and ventilation of
gas compartments / gas cabinets (3.2)
For noise protection requirements
For fire protection requirements
Property-specific planning foundation
Leak-tightness of the pipe network, the pipe
fittings and the central components
Leak-tightness of the pipe network

Accessibility / ease of replacing or re-filling
the central components (e.g. gas bottles)
System dimensions (liquid gas bottles or
tanks) dependent on the number and type of
supply points (gas devices)
Pipework dimensioning dependent on the
number of supply points connected (primarily
gas stoves), pressure loss through pipe
friction (material, lengths, shaped parts) and
pipe fittings
Line distances as short as possible and few
shaped parts used
Corrosion protection / protection from
excessive heating of liquid gas tanks and gas
lines installed outdoors
Electrical bonding of metallic components
Fire protection devices for line routing
throughout the residence (or general
construction components with requirements
for fire resistance)
System operation shall not create undue
noise nuisance
Working basis
Descriptions System and functional descriptions (type of Check and document the completeness of
gas used), material definitions, bills of the documents
quantities
Proofs/verifications Manufacturer's verification of suitability, Check and document the completeness of
leak-tightness checking logs for the gas the documents
lines, pos. commissioning logs from
manufacturers, verification that the systems
comply with the Saudi Building Code Fuel
Gas Requirements.

Tests
Leak-tightness testing The liquid gas tanks or bottles as well as Check and document whether the system
the piping network and the fittings meets the required leak-tightness, by means
contained within it, such as shut-off valves, of documentation/logs
must be constructed as a gas-tight unit.
Corresponding leak-tightness testing must
therefore be carried out before initial
commissioning.
Protective goal:
Creation of permanently leak-tight system
Functional test Functional test at various supply points - Check and document by means of
(generally gas stoves). example, whether the supply points of an
Protective goal: apartment are adequately supplied with gas
and that they function accordingly
Creation of permanently safe functionality
- Check and document central operating
pressures
Visual check Connection to the electrical earthing system - Check and document whether the metallic
/ equipotential bonding system present parts of the system have been connected
Protective goal: to the earthing system
- Quality assessment to be carried out by an
Protection from current/overvoltage
electrician
damage and electric shock
Earthing of metallic parts
Documentation
Operating instructions For the central liquid gas tanks or bottles, • Check and document whether corresponding,
Maintenance, care and pos. other fittings (e.g. gas flow monitors) operating instructions formulated for a
servicing instructions Protective goal: layman are available

Test logs, expert Test logs for leak-tightness and strength - Check and document whether test logs and
assessments/verifications testing for the gas system expert assessments/verifications are
Expert assessments/verifications for all available
parts of the system that are exposed to
pressure, in particular the liquid gas bottles
or tanks and their connection fittings

General Requirements
Inspection and
testing Prior to acceptance and initial operation of • Are all gas piping installations An inert gas is a gas that does not undergo chemical
the gas system, all piping installations shall visually inspected, and pressure reactions under a set of given conditions.
SBC 1102 be: tested?
Section 2417 1. visually inspected, and • Is the test pressure used less than
2. pressure tested. 1.5 times the proposed maximum
working pressure?
Test medium: • Is the pressure test duration less
The test medium shall be: than 10 minutes?
a) Air, • Does the piping system withstand
b) Nitrogen, the test pressure without showing
c) Carbon dioxide or any evidence of leakage or other
d) An inert gas. defects?
Oxygen shall not be used. Oxygen is not

inert, and any residual amount could form
an explosive mixture with the fuel gas.
The gas that is forced into the piping

system for pressure testing must be
chemically unreactive to prevent:
• undesirable reactions with the
piping system components and
• the fuel to be conveyed in the
piping.
Nitrogen and carbon dioxide are

considered to be inert for the purpose of
testing piping systems and are
inexpensive compared to most truly inert
gases.
The typical test gas is air, which is also

not inert but is readily available and
free.
Testing precautions.
Testing of piping systems shall be
performed in a manner that protects the
safety of employees and the public
during the test.
Why?
Compressed gases store energy in direct
proportion to the pressure. This stored
energy can be destructive and dangerous
to personnel if released quickly because of
joint, component or pipe failure or an
intentional action.
Test pressure:
The test pressure to be used shall be not
less than 1.5 times the proposed
maximum working pressure, but the test
pressure shall not exceed a value that
produces a hoop stress in the piping greater
than
50 percent of the specified minimum yield
strength of the pipe.
Test duration:
The test duration shall be not less than 10
minutes.
Detection of leaks and defects:

The piping system shall withstand the test
pressure specified without showing any
evidence of:
• leakage or
• other defects.
Any reduction of test pressures as
indicated by pressure gauges shall be
deemed to indicate the presence of a leak
unless such reduction can be readily
attributed to some other cause.
Detection methods:
Once the pressure measuring instrument
indicates leakage, the leak or leaks must
be located for repair or replacement.
Electronic sensors and bubble fluids are
used to find leaks that are not readily found
by human senses.
Plastic pipe, tubing, and fittings.

Piping
Materials Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and chlorinated • Are PVC/CPVC plastic pipes used
polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) plastic pipe, in the gas system?
SBC 1102 tubing and fittings shall not be used to • Are plastic pipe, tubing, and fittings
Section 2414 supply fuel gas. used in the gas system conform to
ASTM D2513 and marked "Gas"
Why? and "ASTMD2513."
Because of the brittle nature of PVC and
CPVC, especially at low temperatures,
these materials are not suitable for
conveying fuel gas.
Allowed plastic pipe, tubing, and fittings:

1) Polyethylene plastic pipe, tubing
and fittings used to supply fuel

gas shall conform to ASTM
D2513. Such pipe shall be marked
"Gas" and "ASTMD2513."
2) Plastic pipe, tubing and fittings,
other than polyethylene, shall be
identified and conform to the 2008
edition of ASTM D2513. Such
pipe shall be marked "Gas" and
"ASTM D2513."
Conformtion to ASTM D2513

5.15 Water and wastewater installation work

Technical Craft
Water and Wastewater Installations

Water installations in new residential buildings to be built
On-site and municipal water SBC 1102 Wells, seawater desalination plants, etc.
extraction Section 2603
Municipal water distribution Drinking water and non-potable water pipes
in the public area
Water treatment Public or commercial water treatment,
process water plants
Cleaning plants Commercial laundries, etc.
Large kitchens Commercial canteens, etc.
Medical and laboratory Hospitals, laboratories, etc.

equipment
Fire-fighting systems Sprinkler and fire-fighting water systems
Beverages industry Water extraction, treatment and filling

plants
Swimming pools, steam Private, public or commercial institutes
baths and spas
Watering/irrigation systems Commercial applications
Basic principles
Section 2603
Technical foundations For drinking water protection requirements

Ability to inspect and unobstructed access
to the central components

operation of the plant, inside and outside of
the building
Electrical equipotential bonding of metal
pipes of the public supply, which are routed
from the outside into the building
Electrical equipotential bonding of metal pipes
Adequate structural design and load-

bearing capacity of the installation areas of
non-potable water tanks when completely
filled

Insulation of the non-potable and drinking
water pipes to prevent condensation from
forming on the pipes and subsequent
damage
Insulation water pipes
Execution of inherently safe supply

discharge fittings (faucets), to prevent
backflow into the non-potable or drinking
water system
Prevention of backflow
Safe disconnection of the power supply of

the electrically operated central components
(booster systems, etc.), for example, by
means of repair switch
Working basis
Proofs/verifications/ Pipe pressure of the public supply pipes Check and document the completeness of
documentation (non-potable and drinking water pipes), the documents
operating, servicing and maintenance
instructions of the manufacturers

Focal areas of the inspections
Drinking water (potable SBC 1102 Protection of potable water. The potable Check and document by way of example
water) system Section 2603 water system shall be protected from whether backflow preventers are installed in
Prevention of backflow backflow in accordance with the Saudi the drinking water system.
Plumbing Requirements.
Preventing disadvantageous impairment of
drinking water hygiene.
Wastewater - Sanitary drainage systems
(in the building) - Sanitary venting systems
Sanitary Sewer systems Buried drainage systems on the lot
Storm drainage systems Buried rainwater drainage on the lot
Structural drainage Only for keeping the excavations dry, not
permanent soil drainage, e.g. for keeping
the structure dry
Municipal drainage Wastewater, combined or stormwater
drainage outside of lots in the public area
Special installations / systems Vacuum drainage
Basic principles
Technical foundations Section 2603 Sanitary drainage and vent systems
For sound insulation requirements
For fire protection requirements

Gravity drainage
All pipes must be continuously free running
(flowing)
Maximum pipe fill 50%
30 l/s air must be moved in the counterflow
for 1 l/s wastewater discharge
The pipe fill level (degree of fill) and
gradient must correspond, over-large
dimensions or excessive gradients tend to
cause blockages
Lateral inlets into collecting pipes must be
connected with 15° angle from above to
protect against backflows and the formation
of deposits
15°inlets
Dimension changes in horizontal pipes may

only be made with level crowns (tops) of
pipe, so that air can flow out without
obstruction

Cross-section reductions in flow direction
are not allowed
Odour traps may not be drawn empty during

discharge, sewer gases must never escape
into enclosed rooms
Plant operation may not generate any

unacceptable noise
Working basis
Proofs/verifications Manufacturers’ proofs of suitability, Check and document the completeness of
performance of the connection point to the the documents
higher-level (main) drainage
Plumbing fixtures
Water Closets Wall-hung (concealed (in-wall) flush tank) Check and document whether the correct
a la franca (European) / a and floorstanding (top-mounted cistern) flushing and discharge function exists
la turca (squatting WC pan) In general, with water connection for
manual anal cleaning and floor waste outlet
reliable function
Urinals In general, not included in standard housing
Bidets Standard in the main bathroom Check and document whether the correct
flushing and discharge function exists
reliable function

Bathtubs Standard in the main bathroom Check and document whether the system
connections are leaktight.
Protection objective: Check and document, whether the bathtub
drains completely, noise-free, within 6
minutes
reliable function Bathtub
Whirlpool bathtubs Optionally in the main bathroom Check and document whether the whirlpool
bathtub drains completely, noise-free, within
6 minutes
reliable function
Whirlpool bathtub
Showers In general walk-in (no-step) showers, Check and document whether the system
shower tray (liner) made on site joints have been made leaktight
reliable function
Lavatories (Washbasins) Standard in all sanitary rooms Check and document whether the system
joints have been executed leaktight
reliable function
Sinks Mostly located in the separate utility room Check and document whether the sink has
been adequately fixed
reliable function

Drinking Fountains and Connection in the kitchen area Check and document whether a connection
Water Coolers with own trap exists
reliable function
Dishwashing Machines Mostly located in the separate utility room Check and document whether a connection
with own trap exists. Check and document,
whether a connection with own trap exists
reliable function
Inspections, tests
Function test Simultaneous use of the discharge points Check and document whether all discharge
points of an apartment/house
simultaneously and noise-free
reliable function
Operating instructions For pumps, odour traps, waste outlets Check and document whether appropriate
operating instructions, suitably worded for
ordinary persons, are available
reliable function
Servicing, care and Notes on preventive flushing Check and document whether appropriate
maintenance instructions notes, suitably worded for ordinary
persons, are available
reliable function

Materials of piping
Inspection and testing
Plastic pipe, fittings and components: • Are plastic pipe, fittings, and
Plastic pipe, fittings and components shall components third-party
SBC 1102 be third-party certified as conforming to certified as conforming to
Section 2503 NSF 14. NSF 14?
Section 2602
Section 2609 Water supply systems: • Are potable water pipes,
Section 2903 Water service pipes, water distribution fittings, control valves,
pipes and the necessary connecting faucets and appurtenances
pipes, fittings, control valves, faucets and evaluated and listed as
appurtenances used to dispense water conforming to the
intended for human ingestion (potable requirements of NSF 61?
water) shall be evaluated and listed as
conforming to the requirements of NSF 61.
Plastic piping systems, fittings and related

components intended for use with the
potable water supply system must
comply with NSF 14 in addition to NSF
61.
Water distribution system
The maximum water pressure shall be • Is a pressure-reducing valve

not greater than 550 kPa. installed where the main
water pressure exceeds 550
Where the main pressure exceeds 550 kPa?
kPa an approved pressure-reducing • Does the maximum water
valve shall be installed on the domestic pressure exceed 550 kPa?
water branch main or riser at the • Is the water supply system
connection to the water service pipe. connected to the public

water-supply, or to an
individual water supply?
Public water supply or sewer system: • Is the sewer system
The water-distribution and drainage connected to the public
system of any building or premises where sewers, or to individual
plumbing fixtures are installed shall be (private) sewage-disposal
connected to a public water supply or system?
sewer system, respectively, if available.
Where either a public water-supply or

sewer system, or both, are not available,
or connection to them is not feasible, an
individual water supply or individual
(private) sewage-disposal system, or
both, shall be provided.
Testing
Concealment: • Is the plumbing or drainage

A plumbing or drainage system, or part system tested and proved
thereof, shall not be covered, concealed tight under a water pressure
or put into use until it has been: by a third party?
• tested, • Is the water-supply system
• inspected and tested and proved tight
• approved by the building official. under a water pressure by a
third party?
Responsibility of permittee:
Test equipment, materials and labor shall
be furnished by the permittee.
Building sewer testing (wastewater

piping outside the building):
The building sewer shall be tested by:

1) Insertion of a test plug at the
point of connection with the
public sewer,
2) Filling the building sewer with
water and
3) Pressurizing the sewer to not
less than 3-m head of water (35
KPa).
The test pressure shall not decrease
during a period of not less than 15
minutes.
The building sewer shall be watertight at all
points.
Why 3-m head of water?

The piping must be pressurized to not less
than 35 kPa greater than the rating of the
pump that creates the pressure to move
the sewage to the public sewer.
Water-supply system testing:

Upon completion of the water-supply
system or a section of it, the system or
portion completed shall be tested and
proved tight under a water pressure of:
• Not less than the working
pressure of the system (550 kPa)
or,
• for piping systems other than
plastic, by an air test of not less
than 345 kPa.
• This pressure shall be held for
not less than 15 minutes.
The water used for tests shall be obtained
from a potable water source.

Pipes penetrating exterior walls

Waterproofing of
openings Where a pipe penetrates an exterior wall, • Are pipes penetrating an
a waterproof seal shall be made on the exterior wall, a waterproof
SBC 1102 exterior of the wall by one of the following seal?
Section 2607 methods:
1. A waterproof sealant applied at
the joint between the wall and the
pipe.
2. A flashing of an approved
elastomeric material.
Pipes penetrating roofs.
Where a pipe penetrates a roof, an • Are pipes penetrating a

approved elastomeric material shall be roof, a waterproof seal?
installed in manner that prevents water
entry into the building.

Dwelling unit minimum independent living facilities
Plumbing Fixtures
Toilet facilities: • Does the dwelling unit Dwelling unit is a single unit providing:
SBC-1101 Every dwelling unit shall be provided with provide the minimum • complete independent living facilities
Section 306 a: independent living facilities? • for one or more persons,
Section 308 • water closet, • Is the kitchen area provided including permanent provisions for living, sleeping, eating, cooking
• lavatory, and with a sink? and sanitation.
• bathtub or shower. • Are plumbing fixtures
SBC 1102 connected to an approved
Chapter 27 Kitchen: water supply?
Each dwelling unit shall be provided with • Are plumbing fixtures
a kitchen area and every kitchen area provided with hot and cold-
shall be provided with a sink. water outlets?
• Are plumbing fixtures
Hot and cold water: connected to a sanitary
• Plumbing fixtures shall be sewer or an approved
connected to an approved water private sewage disposal
supply. system?
• The following shall be provided
with hot and cold-water outlets:
o Kitchen sinks,
o lavatories,
o bathtubs,
o showers,
o bidets,
o laundry tubs and
o washing machine.
Sewage disposal:
Plumbing fixtures shall be connected to:
• a sanitary sewer or
• an approved private sewage
disposal system.

Plumbing fixtures strainers
Plumbing fixtures, other than water • Are plumbing fixtures

closets, shall be provided with approved provided with approved
strainers. strainers?
This requirement prevents items such as

toothbrushes, rings, cosmetic devices and
large food waste particles from entering
the drainage system and creating clogs.
Drainpipes minimum size
Fixture tail pieces shall be not less than • Are bidets, lavatories, and Tail piece of a fixture is the drain tube immediately downstream of
30 mm in diameter for: similar fixtures tail pieces the fixture waste outlet opening and upstream of the fixture trap.
• bidets, diameter less than 30 mm?
• lavatories, and • Are sinks, dishwashers,
• similar fixtures. laundry tubs, bathtubs, and
similar fixtures tail piece
Where: diameter less than 40 mm?
• sinks, • Are shower drains outlet size
• dishwashers, of less than 40 mm in
• laundry tubs, diameter?
• bathtubs and
• similar fixtures
must have a tail piece diameter that is not
less than 40 mm.
Shower drains shall have an outlet size of

not less than 40 mm in diameter.

Plumbing Fixtures

Plumbing fixtures installation
• Where fixtures come in contact with • Is the connection between

walls and floors, the contact area walls, floors and fixtures
shall be watertight. watertight?
• Are all plumbing fixtures
• Plumbing fixtures shall be usable. usable?
• Are water closet, lavatory or
bidet not being closer than
Water closets, lavatories and bidets:
380 mm from its center to
• A water closet, lavatory or bidet shall
any side wall, partition, or
not be set closer than 380 mm from
its center to: vanity?
o any side wall, • Are water closet, lavatory or
o partition or bidet not being closer than
o vanity or 760 mm center-to-center
• closer than 760 mm center-to-center between each other's?
between adjacent fixtures. • Is the clearance, to any wall,
fixture or door, not less than
530 mm in front of a: water
closet, lavatory or bidet?

• There shall be a clearance, to any • Do piping, fixtures or
wall, fixture or door, of not less than equipment interfere with the
530 mm in front of a: operation of windows or
o Water closet, doors?
o Lavatory or • Are wall-hung water closets
o Bidet. rigidly supported?
• The location of piping, fixtures or

equipment shall not interfere with the
operation of windows or doors.
• Wall-hung water closets must be

rigidly supported using specially
designed carriers that are securely
fastened to the floor structure behind
the wall.

Plumbing fixtures installation mistakes


Installation of glazing in wet areas
Glazing in wet surfaces: • Is window glazing intalled in

Glazing in walls, enclosures or fences hazardous location, a saftey
containing or facing: glass?
• Hot tubs, • Is the safety glass tested in
• Spas, accordance with CPSC 16
• Whirlpools, CFR 1201 or ANSI Z97.1?
• Saunas, • Is the manufacturer's
• Steam rooms, designation and
• Bathtubs, identification of glazing
• Showers, and provided on each pane of
• Indoor or outdoor swimming glazing?
pools
where the bottom exposed edge of the
glazing is less than 1500 mm measured (Copy SBC 1101-CC, page 210)
vertically above any standing or walking
surface shall be considered to be If the gazing is intalled in hazardous location, then the glazing must
hazardous location. be Saftey Glass.
This shall apply to single glazing and each What is a Saftey Glass?
pane in multiple glazing. Is glazing that can pass "Impact test" where glazing shall be tested in
accordance with:
5) CPSC 16 CFR 1201 or
Exception: 6) ANSI Z97.1
Glazing that is more than 1500 mm,
measured horizontally and in a straight
line, from the water's edge of: NOTE:
• A bathtub, Glazing in doors or enclosures for hot tubs, whirlpools, saunas, steam
• Hot tub, rooms, bathtubs and showers shall not be permitted to be tested in
• Spa, accordance with ANSI Z97.1
• Whirlpool or
• Swimming pool or
• from the edge of
o A shower,

o Sauna or
o Steam room.
Identification:
Each pane of glazing installed in hazardous locations as defined
below shall be provided with:
• specifying who applied the designation,
• designating the type of glass and
• the safety glazing standard with which it complies, which is
visible in the final installation.
• acid etched,
• sand-blasted,
• ceramic-fired,
• laser etched,
• embossed, or
• be of a type that once applied cannot be removed without
being destroyed.

Standpipes
Standpipes shall be not less than 51 mm • Are standpipes less than 51

in diameter. mm in diameter?
• Are standpipes extend not
Standpipes shall extend: less than 460 mm and not
• Not less than 460 mm and greater than 1000 mm above
• Not greater than 1000 mm the trap weir?
above the trap weir. • Is the laundry tray waste line
connection into a standpipe
Why not less than 460 mm? for an automatic clothes
1. If the appliance discharges at a washer drain comply with
greater rate than the trap is the code requirements?
discharging to the fixture drain, • Is the discharge from clothes
the accumulated volume will not washing machine through an
spill out the top of the standpipe. air-break?
2. The accumulation of waste
volume above the entry of the (Copy SBC 1102-CC, page 593-Modifed)
trap also creates a small amount
of head pressure on the trap inlet A self-siphon is a way to carry water uphill without the use of
to make the trap pass the waste pumps. A combination of gravity and atmospheric pressure drives the
flow at a higher rate. wastewater in the reverse direction of the standpipe (uphill).
Why not greater than 1000 mm?

The limitation on the maximum height of
a standpipe is so the falling wastewater
does not gain too much velocity, which
might cause the trap to self-siphon.
Standpipes and the traps for standpipes

can be concealed within construction,
but the inlet to the standpipe must be
accessible to allow drain cleaning.
Laundry tray connection to standpipe:

Where a laundry tray waste line connects
into a standpipe for an automatic clothes
washer drain:
1. The standpipe shall extend not
(Copy SBC 1102-CC, page 594-Modifed)
less than 760 mm above the
standpipe trap weir and shall
extend above the flood level rim
of the laundry tray.
2. The outlet of the laundry tray
shall not be greater than 760
mm horizontally from the
standpipe trap.
Waste connection:
The discharge from clothes washing
machine shall be through an air-break.

SHOWERS
Shower compartments shall have: • Is the shower compartments

1. not less than 0.6 m2 of interior interior cross- sectional area
cross- sectional area. less than 0.6 m2?
2. Shower compartments shall be • Is the shower compartments
not less than 760 mm in less than 760 mm in
minimum dimension measured minimum dimension?
from the finished interior • Is the shower compartment
dimension of the shower access and egress opening
compartment, exclusive of: less than 560 mm?
• fixture valves, • Is the shower head riser
• shower heads, anchored with screws into a
• soap dishes, and structural member?
• safety grab bars or rails.
3. Hinged shower doors shall open (Copy SBC 1102-CC, page 594-Modifed)
outward.
4. The shower compartment access
and egress opening shall have a
clear and unobstructed finished
width of not less than 560 mm.
Exception:
Shower can have an interior dimension of
less than 760 mm, but not less than 635
mm as long as the area of the shower is
not less than 0.85 m2.
This exception is necessary for replacing a

standard size bathtub [typically 760 mm by (Copy SBC 1102-CC, page 595)
1500 mm)] with a shower compartment.
The minimum required area and dimension

of shower compartment shall be
measured from:

▪ The finished interior dimension
▪ At a height equal to the top of the
threshold and
▪ At a point tangent to its centerline
and
▪ Shall be continued to a height of
not less than 1.8 m above the
shower drain outlet.
The wall area:

• above built-in tubs having
installed shower heads and
• in shower compartments
shall be constructed of:
▪ soft,
▪ non-corrosive and
▪ non-water absorbent material.
Such walls shall form a water-tight joint

with each other and with either the tub,
receptor, or shower floor.
Shower head riser installation:

• The shower head riser must be
attached to a building structural
element to protect the pipe and
shower valve from damage caused by
shower head movement.
• Users commonly put force on the

shower head arm when they adjust the
spray pattern, therefore the water
supply riser shall be anchored with
screws into a structural member.

BATHTUBS
Bathtubs shall be equipped with: • Are bathtubs equipped with

1. A waste outlet and a waste outlet and an
2. An overflow outlet. overflow outlet?
• Are bathtubs outlets
The outlets shall be connected to waste connected to waste tubing or
tubing or piping not less than 40 mm in piping not less than 40 mm
diameter. in diameter?
• Are bathtubs outlets
The waste outlet shall be equipped with a equipped with a water-tight
water-tight stopper. stopper?
Dishwasher
Protection of water supply: • Is the dishwasher water

The water supply shall be protected supply protected against
against backflow by an: backflow?
1. air gap that is installed integrally
within the machine (inside the
machine) or
2. A backflow preventer external to
the machine.
Floor drains.
• Floor drains shall have: • Are floor drains waste

o Waste outlets not less than 50 outlets less than 50 mm in
mm in diameter diameter?
o A removable strainer.

• Are floor drains waste
outlets equipped with
• Floor drains shall be constructed so removable strainer?
that the drain can be cleaned. • Are floor drains located
under or have their access
• Access shall be provided to the drain restricted by permanently
inlet. installed appliances?
• Are floor drains constructed
• Floor drains shall not be located so that the drain can be
under or have their access restricted cleaned?
by permanently installed appliances.
Whirlpool bathtub
Accessibility to the pump: • Is an access provided to

• Access shall be provided to circulation pumps of
circulation pumps in accordance whirlpool bathtub in
with the fixture or pump accordance with the
manufacture installation manufacture installation?
instructions. • Is the access opening
• An opening of not less than 300- comply with the code
mm by 300-mm shall be installed requirements?
for access to the circulation pump.
• Where pumps are located more
than 610 mm from the access
opening, an opening of not less
than 460 mm by 460 mm shall be
installed.

Fixture supply valves
Fixture supply valves and faucets that • Are fixture supply valves and
supply drinking water for human ingestion faucets that supply drinking
shall conform to the requirements of NSF water for human ingestion
61, Section 9. (comply with ASME conform to the requirements
A112.18.1/CSA B125.1). of NSF 61?
Potable Water Protection from contamination
Water supply system The code requires potable water to be

supplied to dwelling units, and contains
SBC 1102 specific guidelines for maintaining the
Chapter 29 potability of the water supply.
These provisions are for protecting the

water system from contamination.
Identification of nonpotable water • Are nonpotable water

systems: systems identified either by
Where nonpotable water systems are color marking, metal tags or
installed, the piping conveying the tape?
nonpotable water shall be identified • Is the color of reclaimed, rain
either by: and gray water distribution
• color marking, systems purple?
• metal tags or • Is the on-site nonpotable
• tape. water reuse systems in
accordance with section
2911 of SBC 1102?
The color of the pipe identification shall be • Is the rainwater collection
discernable and consistent throughout the and conveyance systems for Example of nonpotable water, a building could be provided with a
building. nonpotable applications in recycled gray-water supply system that supplies nonpotable water
for flushing urinals and water closets.

accordance with section
The color purple shall be used to identify: 2912 of SBC 1102?
• Reclaimed, • Is the nonpotable reclaimed
• Rain and water in accordance with
• Gray water distribution systems. section 2913 of SBC 1102?
Lettering size:
The length of the background color field
and lettering shall comply with Table 29-1.
On-site reuse systems of unusable

water:
Construction, installation, alteration and
repair of on-site nonpotable water reuse
systems shall be in accordance with
section 2911 of SBC 1102.
Rainwater collection and distribution

systems:
Construction, installation, alteration, and (Copy SBC 1102-CC, page 682)
repair of rainwater collection and
conveyance systems for the collection,
storage, treatment, and distribution of
rainwater for nonpotable applications
shall be in accordance with section 2912
of SBC 1102.
Reclaimed water systems:

Construction, installation, alteration, and
repair of systems supplying nonpotable
reclaimed water shall be in accordance
with section 2913 of SBC 1102.

History is filled with localized and • Are connections to a potable

widespread occurrences of sicknesses, water supply protected
diseases and deaths caused by against backflow?
contamination of potable water supplies.
It is therefore imperative that potable water

supply systems be designed and
maintained in a safe-for-drinking condition
at all times. Although the requirements of
this section appear straightforward, piping
arrangements, fixture designs and
appliance operations can be complex.
A cross-connection is defined as any physical connection or
Adding to this complexity is the potential
arrangement between potable water and any source of
for upset conditions to occur with regard to
contamination.
pressures within piping systems.
Examples of cross-connections in dwelling units:
As a result, designers and installers of
Where a lavatory or laundry tub has:
potable water systems must be aware of
• A faucet or
hazardous conditions that might occur
because of connections made to potable • A hose
water systems or changing pressure below the top of the laundry tub or lavatory flood level. Thus, it is
conditions within piping systems that would possible that when the tub is filled, the faucet/hose will be
not be normally expected. submerged, and a backflow could happen which may contaminate
potable water.
Protect the potable water supply:
A potable water supply system shall be The same thing can happen with the garden Hose cross connections,
designed and installed as to prevent it is possible for the contaminated water to flow back through the hose
contamination from nonpotable liquids, into the potable water.
solids or gases being introduced into the
potable water supply.
Connections shall not be made to a

potable water supply in a manner that
could contaminate the water supply or

provide a cross-connection between the
supply and a source of contamination.
Cross-connections between an
individual water supply and a potable
public water supply shall be prohibited.
Backflow protection:
A means of protection against backflow
shall be provided through:
1. Air gaps: the required air gap
shall be according to Table 29-3. This problem can be fixed by creating an "air gap" (25 mm Min.)
2. Atmospheric-type vacuum
breakers: Both types of vacuum
breakers:
a. Atmospheric-type
vacuum breakers.
b. Hose- connection
vacuum breakers
shall be installed with the outlet
continuously open to the
atmosphere.
3. Backflow preventer with
intermediate atmospheric vent.
The relief opening shall discharge
by air gap and shall be prevented
from being subchard.
4. Pressure vacuum breaker
assemblies: Pressure vacuum (Copy SBC 1102-CC, page 682)
breaker assemblies shall not be
installed in locations where
spillage could use damage to the Backflow is the flow of liquids in potable water
structure. distribution piping that is in reverse of its intended direction. Two
5. Reduced pressure principal types of pressure conditions cause backflow:
backflow prevention 1. Back siphonage

assemblies. The relief opening 2. Backpressure.
shall discharge by air gap and
shall be prevented from being
subchard.
6. Double check backflow
prevention assemblies.
7. Dual check backflow preventer.
Examples of locations of cross-

connection between the potable water
and a source of contamination are:
• Dishwasher cross connections.
• Garden hose cross connections.
• Clothes washer plumbing cross
connection.
• A bidet which has a water supply
at the bottom of the bowl.
• Submerged faucets.
Back-siphonage is a backflow of water that is caused by system

pressure falling below atmospheric pressure.


Water Hammer
Water hammer: • Are water hammer arrestors

The flow velocity of the water distribution installed with the
system shall be controlled to reduce the manufacturer's instructions
possibility of water hammer. and conform to ASSE 1010?
Water hammer arrestors shall be installed

in with the manufacturer's instructions
and shall conform to ASSE 1010.
Service valves
• Each dwelling unit shall be provided • Are full-open type valves

with an accessible main shutoff valve installed in the entrance of the
near the entrance of the water service. water service and in the supply
The valve shall be of a full-open type. pipe to each water heater?
• A readily accessible full-open valve • Are shutoff valves installed on
shall be installed in the supply pipe to each fixture supply pipe?
each water heater.
• Are full-open type valves and
• Shutoff valves shall be required on
shutoff valves accessible?
each fixture supply pipe to:
o each plumbing appliance
o each plumbing fixture
o other than bathtubs and
showers.

• Valves serving individual plumbing
fixtures, plumbing appliances, risers
and branches shall be accessible.
Drinking water treatment units:
Drinking water treatment units shall meet • Does the drinking water
the requirements of NSF 42, NSF 44, NSF treatment units meet the
53, NSF 60 or CSA B483.1. approved standards?
Reverse osmosis drinking water

treatment units, designed for residential
use, shall meet the requirements of NSF
58 or CSA B483.1
Sanitary drainage In the 19th century, typhoid fever, cholera

and dysentery were common. The
SBC 1102 elimination of these diseases in
Chapter 30 industrialized nations has been due in
large part to modern plumbing systems
with proper drainage piping. Medical
professionals give much of the credit for
improvements in health and longevity to
the plumbing profession.
Medicine alone, without improvements in

sanitation practices, would have had only a
marginal effect.

Modern drain-cleaning equipment is available with cable (or jetter
hose) length to clear blockages in horizontal drainage piping that is
30 m (or less) in developed piping length from the cleanout opening.
Drainage piping slope
Horizontal drainage piping slope: • Is the horizontal drainage Pipe diameter Required slope
Horizontal drainage piping shall be piping installed in uniform not less than
installed in uniform alignment at uniform 60 mm diameter and less
alignment at uniform slopes? 2 percent slope
slopes: not less than
1. For 60 mm diameter and less: 80 mm diameter and more
1 percent slope
not less than 1/ 4-unit vertical in
12 units horizontal (2 percent The minimum desired velocity in a horizontal drainpipe is
slope). approximately 0.6 m/s. This velocity is often referred to as the
2. For diameters of 80 mm or "scouring velocity." This minimum velocity is intended to keep solids
more: not less than 1/8-unit in suspension. If velocity is too low because the pipe slope is too
vertical in 12 units horizontal (1 - shallow, the solids will tend to drop out of suspension, settling at the
percent slope) bottom of the pipe. This will ultimately lead to a drain blockage.
Basement Drainage system
SUMPS AND EJECTORS • Is the building subdrains

discharged into a tightly
Building subdrains. covered and vented sump?
• Building subdrains that cannot be • Is the subdrain sump liquid
discharged to the sewer by gravity lifted and discharged into the
flow shall be discharged into a tightly building gravity drainage
covered and vented sump from which system by automatic
the liquid shall be lifted and pumping equipment or other
discharged into the building gravity approved method?
drainage system by automatic • Is the discharge piping of
pumping equipment or other approved sump have a check valve?
method.
• In other than existing structures, the

sump shall not receive drainage from

any piping within the building capable
of being discharged by gravity to the
building sewer.
• The discharge piping must have a

check valve to prevent the previously
pumped waste from returning to the
sump pit when the pump or ejector
shuts off.
Basement Drainage system

Trap seals
Vents
• Venting protects the trap seals within • Is the plumbing system
SBC 1102 the plumbing system when it functions provided with a system of
Chapter 31 properly. Failure in venting system vent piping that will allow the
result in the loss of trap seals and the admission or emission of
introduction of sewer gases into the air?
building. • Are all fixture traps liquid
• If there were no traps in a drainage sealed?
system, venting would not be
required because the system would
be open to the atmosphere at the
fixture connections, thereby allowing
airflow. However, this will result in the
introduction of sewer gases into the
building.
• Thus, venting is intended to provide
for the circulation of air within the

drainage system because the trap seal
prevent the system to be ventilated
from the fixture connections.
The plumbing system shall be provided

with a system of vent piping that will allow
the admission or emission of air so that
the liquid seal of any fixture trap shall not
be subjected to a pressure differential of
more than 250 Pa.
VENT STACKS AND STACK VENTS
• The vent system serving each building • Is the vent system serving
drain shall have not less than one the building drain consist of
vent pipe that extends to the at least one vent pipe that
outdoors. extends to the outdoors?
• Is the vent pipe less than
• The required vent shall be a dry vent one-half the diameter of the
that connects to the building drain or drain served?

an extension of a drain that connects • Is the vent pipes less than
to the building drain. 30 mm in diameter?
• Are open vent pipes that
• The required vent shall not less than extend through a roof
one-half the required diameter of the terminated in accordance
drain served. with the code?
• Is a vent terminal used for
• Vent pipes shall be not less than 30
any purpose other than a
mm in diameter.
vent terminal?
• Vents exceeding 12.2 m in developed
length shall be increased by one
nominal pipe size for the entire Vent pipes heights
developed length of the vent pipe.
• Open vent pipes that extend through a

roof shall be terminated:
1. not less than 150 mm above the
roof.
2. not less than 2100 mm above the
roof where a roof is to be used for
assembly, as a promenade,
observation deck or sunbathing
deck or for similar purposes.
• A vent terminal shall not be used for

any purpose other than a vent
terminal.
Location of vent terminal
An open vent terminal from a drainage • Are open vents from a

system shall not be located less than 1200 drainage system located in
mm directly beneath any: accordance with the code?
1. door,

2. openable window,
3. or other air intake opening of the
building.
4. or of an adjacent building.
5. Nor shall any such vent terminal
be within 3000 mm horizontally
of such an opening unless it not
less than 900 mm above the top
of such opening.
Vent terminals extending through the wall

shall terminate:
1. not less than 3000 mm from the
lot line and
2. 3000 mm above the highest
adjacent grade within 3000 mm
horizontally of the vent terminal.

Traps • Each fixture trap shall have a liquid • Are all fixture traps have a
seal of not less than 50 mm and not liquid seal of not less than
SBC 1102 more than 100 mm. 50 mm and not more than
Chapter 32 100 mm?
• Traps shall be set level with respect • Are traps set level with
to their water seals. respect to their water seals?
• Are trap sizes for plumbing
• Trap seals shall be protected from fixtures in accordance with
siphonage, aspiration or back Table 32-1?
pressure by an approved system of
venting.

• Is the trap larger than the
• Trap sizes for plumbing fixtures shall drainage pipe into which the
be as indicated in Table 32-1. trap discharges?
• Where the tailpiece of a plumbing

fixture is larger than that indicated in
Table 32-1, the trap size shall be the
same nominal size as the fixture
tailpiece.
• A trap shall not be larger than the

drainage pipe into which the trap
discharges.

5.16 Electrical installations, earthing and equopotential bonding

Technical Craft
Electrical Installations

Electrical installations - Earthing
- Equipotential bonding
- Lightning protection, overvoltage protection
- Mains configurations, protective measures
- Distribution
- Laying systems (conduits, cable ducts, etc.)
- Cables, wires, conductors
- Lighting (basic lighting, safety lighting)
- Installations (sockets, switches, bathrooms, etc.)
- Fire alarm system
- Alarm systems
- Communication and data technology
- Emergency power system (optional)
- Tests
- Documentation
- Check the main feeder from SEC
Basic principles
Technical foundations Section 3402 Electrical
Fire protection requirements, insofar as
applicable to the electrical systems
Working basis
Descriptions Functional descriptions, material definitions - Check and document the completeness
(cables, wires, conductors, etc.), diagrams, of the documentation
manufacturer information - Check implementation options
Verification Suitability verification from the Check and document the completeness of
manufacturer, supply verifications (electrical the documentation
supply company, telecommunications
company)

Earthing, lightning and overvoltage protection, equipotential bonding
Earthing: Materials, cross SBC 1102 Important constituent part of the electrical Use examples to check and document that
sections Section 3602 installation for proper protective measures only approved materials have been used
(e.g. foundation earthing electrode in the
floor slab)
Protective goal:
- Use of approved, tested materials with
the required cross section
Foundation earthing electrode
Lightning and overvoltage SBC 1102 Check the extent to which an external Check and document
protection Section 4003 lightning protection system is required and
harmonisation with the other overvoltage
protection facilities
Protective goal:
Use of approved, appropriately
dimensioned/tailored materials/products
Lightning protection system

Main configurations, protective measures, equipotential bonding
Main configurations, SBC 1102 Verify the protective measures (protection Check using spot-checks and document
protective measures Section 3703 of systems and people) and their
implementation by means of the selected
mains configuration
Protective goal:
Creation of permanently effective protection
of systems and people
Equipotential bonding SBC 1102 Minimise/prevent the hazard of electric Check using spot-checks and document by
Section 3703 shock by properly implemented • checking sockets with mobile
equipotential bonding system (connection of test device
metal conduits, laying systems, etc.) • inspect panel board of earthing
Adequate number of connection facilities bar if visual applicable
(equipotential bonding rail) and adequately
dimensioned materials required.
Protective goal:
Overload/short-circuit protection and
protection of people (protection against
electric shock) permanently assured Panel board of earthing

Laying systems (conduits, cable ducts, etc.), fire protection
Conduit (metal and plastic SBC 1102 Proper laying of wires with basic insulation Check using spot-checks and document
tubing) Section 3801 and also double-insulated cables (e.g. NYM whether the minimum fastening
cable) requirements have been complied with by
• prooving loose / tightness of
Protective goal: power cable ducts
Creation of permanent, suitable installation • testing branch breakers, main
conditions for permanent function but also breaker as described under
protection of people „functional test” (see further
inspection)
Main switches box
Cable ducts SBC 1102 Proper laying of metal cable ducts, metal Use examples to check and document
Section 3801 cable ladders, etc. for fastening double- whether the minimum requirements have
insulated cables and wires been complied with
Protective goal:
Creation of permanent, suitable installation
conditions for function but also protection of
people
Cable ducts installation

Fire protection SBC 1101 Annular spaces between sleeves and pipes Check and document whether all required
Section 302 shall be filled or tightly caulked in an fire-related wall and/or ceiling electrical
approved manner. Annular spaces between pass-throughs (conduits, cable ducts, etc.)
sleeves and pipes in fire resistance rated have been sealed.
assemblies shall be filled or tightly caulked.
Penetrations of floor/ceiling assemblies and
assemblies required to have a fire
resistance rating shall be protected.
Protective goal:
Creation of permanent, suitable installation
conditions, also with regard to preventative
fire protection
Fire wall construction
Lighting
Basic lighting SBC 1102 Assure adequate number of lighting outlets Check and document whether adequate
Section 4001 and thus minimum illuminance values lighting will be established
Protective goal:
Creation of adequate and appropriate
lighting
Adequate lighting is established?

Safety lighting SBC 1102 Assure requirements and, if necessary, Check and document whether the safety
Section 4004 minimum equipment / changeover to battery lighting switches to battery operation
operation quickly enough and that a minimum
illuminance value is achieved
Protective goal:
Assure minimum illuminance value via
battery lighting in the event of a mains
power failure
Safety lighting
Installations (sockets, switches, bathrooms, etc.)

Sockets, switches SBC 1102 Install in adequate numbers and in proper Check using spot-checks and document,
Section 3901 condition with regard to safety (protected the proper function and proper
from being touched, etc.) implementation with regard to safety
Check switches with mobile test device by

means of polarity
Protective goal:
Creation of permanent, suitable electrical
equipment installations and permanently
safe functionality

Bathroom (special area) SBC 1102 Comply with requirements for installation Check and document whether the
Section 4301 areas in damp and wet environments necessary installation requirements in the
bathroom area (bath, etc.) have been
complied with
Protective goal:
Fire alarm system

Fire detection SBC 1101 Smoke and heat detection (smoke detector, Check whether effective and operational
Section 314 heat detector) safety is complied with
Protective goal:
Early fire detection and personnel
protection function
Smoke detector
Alarm systems
Intruder alarm / video / SBC 1101 Access and in break-in monitoring Check whether effective and operational
access control systems Section 314 safety is complied with
Protective goal:
Assure permanent building protection
Break-in monitoring

Communication and data systems

Wire routing, bus systems, SBC 1102 Proper control and function of the electrical Check whether effectiveness, operational
etc. Section 3801 and building services systems and security and proper function reliability are
equipment complied with (e.g. observe separation of
bus systems, etc. to 220/380 V - 60 Hz
systems/routing)
Protective goal:
Assure permanent operationally secure
controls and functions
Security system
Tests
Functional test Utilisation of the effective and operationally Check using spot-checks and document
secure function of the electrical installations whether the electrical installations are
effective and operationally secure by
Protective goal: • testing branch breakers, main
breaker
Testing branch breakers, main breaker

Documentation
Operating instructions For timers, data and communication Check and document whether
technology, regulations (bus systems), etc. corresponding, operating instructions
formulated for a layman are available
Protective goal:
Maintenance, care and Instructions for preventative maintenance, Check and document whether
servicing instructions battery replacement, etc. corresponding, instructions formulated for
a layman are available
Protective goal:

The requirements stated in the code are
General intended to ensure the safety of persons,
livestock and property against dangers and
damage, which may arise in the reasonable
use of electrical installations.
The major types of risk in electrical

installations are:
1. electrical shocks.
2. excessive temperatures likely to
cause burns, fires, and other
injurious effects.
3. ignition of a potentially explosive
atmosphere.
Socket-outlets:
Socket-outlets:
Power supply: An IP rating stands for "Ingress Protection" (of Water and
The power supply for the electrical • Are the ratings of socket-outlets Dust) "
SBC 1102 installation of socket-outlets In 230 V/13 A? It is an international standard used to rate the effectiveness of
Section 37-6 residential, buildings shall comply with • Are socket-outlets installed in the sealants against moisture and dirt. Each IP rating has two
Section 39-1 SASO 1899 [3-phase 230 400, 60 Hz] floor IP24 protected? digits:
1) The first rates effectiveness of sealants against
• Are socket-outlets located outside solids
Operational conditions Ratings: the building IP24/IP25 protected? 2) The second against water.
Unless otherwise specified in this Electrical • Are the number of socket-outlets The higher the number, the greater the protection.
Requirements, ratings of socket-outlets for per circuit exceed 8?
household and similar general use shall be
230 V/13 A. • Is the cross-sectional area of
copper conductors less than 2.5
Socket-outlets installed in the floor shall mm2?
have a degree of protection at least IP24 • Do socket-outlets in the kitchen
and IK08. comply the code requirements?
Socket-outlets to be located outside the
buildings shall be:

• protected against water splashing • Are socket-outlets installed so that
(IP24). no point is more than 2 m
• (IP25) in locations likely to be horizontally from a socket-outlet?
sprayed with water jet. • Are the mounting heights of
socket-outlets comply the code
requirements?
Cross-sectional areas of conductors

• Only copper conductors for socket
outlets circuits shall be used.
• Unless otherwise specified, the number
of socket-outlets per circuit shall not
exceed 8.
• Cross sectional area of copper
conductors shall be not less than 2.5
mm2 copper conductor cable.
Socket-outlets for kitchen:

• Socket-outlets shall not 'be an
integral part of lamp holders.
• If more than 8 socket-outlets are
be installed in the kitchen, a
second circuit shall be used.
• In no circumstances will sockets
outlets installed in the kitchen be
permitted to be connected to
circuits comprising socket-outlets in
other rooms.
• Socket-outlets in the kitchen shall
be of shuttered type
• Socket-outlets shall be connected
to their individual circuit:

o from the distribution
board
o using 4 mm2 copper
conductors' cable for all
live and earth conductor.
In every:
• dining room,
• sitting room,
• bedroom and
• similar rooms with general access,
excluding kitchens, bathrooms, toilets and
showers,
socket-outlets shall be installed so that no
point along the floor line of any wall is more
than 2 m horizontally from a socket-
outlet.
Mounting heights of socket-outlets:

• For indoor installation: Except
where otherwise specified, all
socket-outlets shall be mounted at
a height not less than 300 mm
above the finished floor or any
working surface.
• For Arabic Majles: socket-outlets
shall be mounted at a height to be
agreed between the owner and the
installer but not less than 700 mm.
• Outside the buildings: socket- IP rating chart
outlets shall be installed at a height
of one meter above the ground.

• In the kitchen: socket-outlets shall
be mounted 300 mm above
worktop (workbench) level as a
minimum height.
Socket-outlets: protection for safety
All devices used for isolation shall be • Are all devices used for isolation
clearly identified, for example by marking, to clearly identified?
indicate the circuit which they isolate. • Are live parts of socket-outlets
accessible?
• Are socket-outlets equipped with
Protection against direct contact: shutters?
• Socket-outlets shall be so installed • Are socket-outlet mounted at a
that when they are mounted and distance less than 600 mm
wired as for normal use, live parts measured horizontally from any
are not accessible, even after tap sink, basin in any kitchen?
removal of parts which can be • Are socket-outlets liable to come
removed without the use of a tool. into physical contact with fabrics
• Socket-outlets shall be equipped or other flammable materials?
with shutters. • Are socket-outlets installed above
cooking appliances?
Additional protection: residual current • Is the horizontally measured
protective devices (RCDs): distance from a cooking appliance
The use of RCDs with a rated residual to the socket-outlet less than 600
operating current not exceeding 30 mA, is mm?

recognized in AC systems as an additional • Are every circuit protected from
protection in the event of: overcurrent by a protection
• failure of the provision for basic device?
protection and/or
• the provision for fault protection or
• carelessness by users.
Note
the use of high sensitivity residual
protective devices provide additional
protection against direct contacts in the
event of the failure of other protective
measures.
Protection against indirect contact

(through water or appliance bodies):
a) Socket-outlet shall not be mounted at a
distance less than 600 mm measured
horizontally from any tap sink, basin in
any kitchen, etc.
b) This protection can be achieved by

using:
• class Il appliance with a plug
according to SASO 2203 but with
the earthing pin to be dummy.
• socket-outlets, each one is supplied
by an isolating transformer.
Protection against thermal effects and

fire:
• Socket-outlets shall not be mounted
at locations where they are liable to
come into physical contact with

fabrics or other flammable
materials that may catch fire due to
transmission of heat.
• Socket-outlets shall not be installed

above cooking appliances.
socket-outlet shall be located not
less than 600 mm measured
horizontally from a cooking
appliance.
Protection against overcurrent:

• Protective devices shall be
provided to break any overcurrent
flowing in the circuit conductors of
sock-outlets.
• Every circuit shall have at its origin
on the phase, a protection device
against overcurrent.
• Overcurrent protective devices
(circuit breaker or fuse) shall be
according to 43-2.1 of chapter 43 in
SBC 401 and shall satisfy the
requirements of 43-3 and 43-4.5. 1.
Lighting equipment
Lighting
system Lighting equipment • Is the interior lighting power
Use the following steps to determine the density less than 10 watts/m2?
SBC 1102 interior lighting power allowance: • Is natural lighting provided to the
Section 1104 • The lighting power density for space?
Section 4009 residential building area types is 10
Section 4105 watts/m2.

• Determine the gross lighted floor
area in square meter of the building
area.
• Multiply the gross lighted floor
areas of the building area times
the lighting power density.
Lighting types
LUMINAIRES IN SPECIFIC LOCATIONS
Luminaires installed in wet locations shall: • Are luminaires installed in wet

• be installed so that water cannot locations have at least (IPX4)
enter or accumulate in wiring protection?
compartments, lamp holders, or
other electrical parts.
• have at least (IPX4) unless
otherwise specified in other parts
of this Electrical Requirements.
Note:
IPX4: Is resistant to water splashes from any
direction.
Swimming pools:
Swimming
pools and other Electrical installations of: • Are electrical installations of
basins • basins of swimming pools and their swimming pools and their
surrounding zones surrounding zones comply with the
SBC 1102 • paddling pools and their requirements of chapter 42 of SBC
Section 4201 surrounding zones 1102?
• basins of fountains and their
surrounding zones.

Shall comply with the requirements of
chapter 42 of SBC 1102.
The requirements of chapter 42 are based

on:
a) The dimensions of three zones:
• Zone 0,
• Zone 1 and
• Zone 2.
b) The requirements of chapter 36.

5.17 Fire protection

Technical Craft
Fire safety

Craft Basis/Standards Technical function Inspection scope Defects, finding and notes
Fire safety Fire protection – classification of the building
- Safety SBC 1101 Building classification Residential building with continuous use
- Extinguishing measures
- Value retention Section 303 Building use (occupancy) R-2 with more than 2 dwelling units
SBC 201 R-3 up to 2 dwelling units
Section 310
Section 705
Residential building; 2 dwelling units
Building use (occupancy) Solely as residential use

No increased hazard potential from use
and fitout
Residential building; 2 dwelling units
Basement stories Note and comply with definition and story

classification according to SBC 1101,
Section 303

Intermediate or half-story (mezzanines) Note and comply with definition and story
classification according to SBC 1101,
Section 303
Building height / type of construction Detached houses (R-3) – usually with 3

stories above ground ⇨ Type of
construction: Type V, A /B as per SBC 201.
Type V, A will have higher requirements on
fire resistance. In case of (R-3)
requirements are equal.
Multiple occupancy buildings (R-2) –
depending on number of stories,
construction type as per SBC 201.
Fire compartments Detached houses (R-3) - usually with 3
stories above ground ⇨ no area limitation
Multiple occupancy buildings (R-2) –
depending on number of stories, area
limitation as per SBC 201.
Detached houses (R-3) The fire-resistance ratings of the individual *Full table/s attached.
Construction type V building elements according to the
construction type must fulfil the
requirements in SBC 1101.

Construction materials
No requirements are set for the construction materials / construction material class with
regard to flammability for construction type V, provided the fire-resistance rating
requirements can be verified.

Fire protection – building element requirements
SBC 1101 Building separating walls (party walls) The fire-resistance rating of
Section 303 the building separating (party)
wall, taking into consideration
SBC 201
existing distances from
Section 705 adjacent buildings and
according to the type of
construction, must comply with
the requirements in SBC 1101.
Apartment partition walls (fire barrier walls) The fire-resistance rating of an apartment partition wall, depending on use (R-2, R-3), must
comply with the requirements in SBC 1101 (fire barriers).*

Exceptions and deviations according to the requirements in SBC 1101 can be taken into
consideration.
Exterior walls Exterior walls must comply with the
requirements according to SBC 1101
(exterior walls).
Exterior walls
Fire walls Fire walls must comply with the

requirements according to SBC 1101
(exterior walls).
Fire resistant separated areas (fire barriers) Areas in which fire protection
separation becomes necessary or is to

be achieved, must comply with the
requirements to SBC 1101 (fire
barriers).*
Floors / ceilings Floors and ceilings must comply with

the requirements according to SBC
1101 (horizontal assemblies).
Load-bearing members Load-bearing members must comply
with the requirements according to SBC
1101 (structural members).
Installation shafts Installation shafts with fire-resistance
requirements must comply with the
requirements to SBC 1101 (shaft
enclosures).
Fire-resistant building elements Fire resistance must be demonstrated
by testing to ASTM E 119.
Fire protection – construction materials and type requirements
SBC 1101 Openings / closure of openings Openings and the closure of openings
Section 303 must comply with the requirements
according to SBC 1101 (penetrations).
SBC 201
Section 705 Cladding The fire protection requirements for
plasters are to be taken into
consideration according to SBC 1101
(plaster).
Penetration seals (joint systems) Penetration seals (joint systems) must
comply with the requirements in SBC
1101 (joint systems).

Joint systems must be tested to ASTM
E 1966 or UL 2079.
Fire doors / fire-resistant windows / opening Fire doors must comply with the requirements in SBC 1101 (opening protectives).*
protectives
Fire-resistant windows (glazing) must be executed in accordance with the requirements in

SBC 1101 .

Fire-resistant opening protectives must be executed in accordance with the requirements

in SBC 1101.
Thermal insulation materials / sound Fire protection requirements for

insulation materials insulation materials are to be taken into
consideration according to SBC 1101
(thermal and sound-insulating
materials).

Fire-resistant construction methods / types Fire-resistant building elements made
of masonry, concrete, steel can be built
according to SBC 1101 (calculated fire
resistance) in conjunction with SBC
1101 (prescriptive fire resistance).
Fire protection – general requirements / fire safety concept
SBC 1101 Escape routes Escape routes are to be designed and
Section 303 built according to SBC 1101 (means of
egress).
Section 319
Organisational fire safety measures Organisational fire safety measures are
SBC 201
to be defined according to SBC 1101
Section 1001 (General precautions against fire,
emergency planning and preparedness,
fire service features, building services
and systems).
Defensive fire protection measures / areas for The areas for the fire service are to be
the fire service designed in accordance with SBC 1101
(Fire apparatus access roads).
Defensive fire prevention measures / fire- The fire-fighting water supply is to be
fighting water supply designed in accordance with SBC 1101
(Fire-flow requirements for buildings)
and Appendix C (fire hydrant locations
and distribution).
Identification (marking) according to After they have been built, residential
SBC 1101 areas / residential buildings must be
Section 319 adequately identified.
The identification must be easily visible
and legible from the (public) road.
Requirements regarding the lettering
size, font and colour must be complied
with.
Residential buildings identification

General Most of the fires in the United States of

America occur in residential buildings,
particularly one- and two-family dwellings.
These fires account for more than 80

percent of all deaths from fire in residential
uses (including hotels, apartments,
dormitories, etc.) and about two-thirds of all
fire fatalities in any type of building.
One- and two-family dwellings also account

for more than 80 percent of residential
property losses and more than one-half of
all
property losses from fire.
Each townhouse must be:

• structurally independent and
• capable of being removed without
affecting the adjacent dwelling unit.
This provision is applicable only to
townhouses, not two-family dwellings.
This independence is useful not only in the

event of a fire in one unit, but also during
any remodeling or alteration.
The objective of the is structural

independence is that a complete burnout
could occur on one side of the wall without
causing the collapse of the adjacent
townhouse. This condition occurs rarely.

The provision also helps if there is ever a
fire or other problem by creating a clear
separation between the units. With
separate ownership and each owner having
a different insurance company, the ability
to gain access or get repairs made can be
difficult and time consuming. By having
clearly separated units, it is much easier to
determine who is responsible and to make
any needed repairs
EMERGENCY
ESCAPE At least one operable emergency escape Inspect all sleeping rooms for emergency
AND RESCUE and rescue opening shall be installed in: escape and rescue opening:
OPENINGS o Every sleeping room, o Is it operable?
o Basements and, o Is it openable?
o Habitable attics. o Is the height of the opening greater
SBC-1101 than 600 mm? (width=875 mm)
SECTION 310 Where basements contain one or more o Is the width of the opening greater than
sleeping rooms, an emergency escape and 500 mm? (height = 1000 mm)
rescue opening shall be required in each o Is the area of the opening greater than
sleeping room. 0.53 m2?
o Is the height of the windowsill less
Emergency escape and rescue openings than or equal to 1100 mm?
shall open directly into:
o Is it open directly into: a public way, or
o a public way, or
to a yard or court that opens to a
o to a yard or court that opens to a
public?
public way. (Copy SBC 1101-CC, page 223)
o Is the horizontal area of the window
well less than 0.9 m ?2
o Is the horizontal projection and width of Emergency and escape rescue openings shall have:
the window well less than 900 mm? o net clear opening of not less than 0.53 m2.
o net clear height of not less than 600 mm.
o net clear width of not less than 500 mm.
o windowsill height of not more than 1100 mm
above the floor.

Bars, grilles, covers, screens or similar
devices are permitted to be placed over o Are window security devices
emergency escape and rescue openings (Bars, grilles, covers,
provided that: screens):
o The minimum net clear opening ▪ releasable or
size (0.53 m2,600 mm,500mm), removable from the
and inside,
o Such devices shall be releasable ▪ without the use of a
or removable from the inside
key, tool, special
without the use of a key, tool,
knowledge or
special knowledge or force greater
than that required for the normal ▪ force greater than
operation of the escape and that required for the
rescue opening. normal operation of
the escape and
rescue opening?
The horizontal area of the window well shall be not less
than 0.9 m2, with a horizontal projection and width of not
less than 900 mm. The area of the window well shall
allow the emergency escape and rescue opening to be
fully opened.


MEANS OF Means of egress
EGRESS
Dwellings shall be provided with a means of
egress. Is the mean of egress:
SBC-1101 • exist?
SECTION 311 The means of egress shall provide a: • Vertical and horizontal egress travel
▪ continuous and from all portions of the dwelling to the
▪ unobstructed path of required egress door
▪ vertical and horizontal egress travel • Continuous path?
from all portions of the dwelling to • Unobstructed path?
the required egress door
• Without requiring travel through a
▪ without requiring travel through a
garage?
garage.
• Opens directly into a:
▪ The required egress door shall
open directly into a: o public way or
o public way or o to a yard or court that opens
o to a yard or court that to a public way.
opens to a public way.
Mean of egress
Egress door
Not less than one egress door shall be
provided for each dwelling unit. Inspect the following:
The egress door shall be: • At least one egress door exists for each
• side-hinged, and dwelling unit.
• shall provide a clear width • clear width of egress door not
of not less than 800 mm, less than 800 mm.
• with the door open 90 • clear height of egress door not
degrees. less than 1950 mm.
• The clear height of the • Egress door opens 90
door opening shall be not degrees.

less than 2000 mm from • Egress door opens from inside
interior floor level (1950 the dwelling without the use of
mm from level measured a key or special knowledge or
from the top of threshold- effort.
50 mm of threshold). • Egress door is side-hinged.
• shall be readily openable • A landing or floor on each side
from inside the dwelling. of egress door exist.
• without the use of a key or • The width of egress door
special knowledge or landing is not less than the
effort. door served measured in the
direction of travel or Min. 900
There shall be a landing or floor on each mm.
side of each exterior door. The width of each (Copy SBC 1101-CC, page 214- Modifed)
• The slope of egress door
landing shall be not less than the door landing is 2% Max.
served or not less than 900 mm measured in
the direction of travel.
The slope at exterior landings shall not

exceed 2%.

Stairways, landings, and hallways
1. The width of a hallway shall be not less

than 900 mm. Inspect the following:
2. Stairways shall be: • The width of the hallway, Landings for

• not less than 900 mm in clear stairways and stairway is 900 mm
width Min.
• The headroom in stairways shall • The headroom in stairways is 2000
be not less than 2000 mm. mm Min.
• The riser height shall be not more • The stairway riser is 180 mm Max.
than 180 mm.
• The stairway tread depth is 250 mm
• The greatest riser height within any Min.
flight of stair shall not exceed the
• All risers and treads have the same (Copy SBC 1101-CC, page 214)
smallest by more than 10 mm.
height and depth, Max. allowed
• The tread depth shall be not less difference is 10 mm per stair flight.
than 250 mm.
• floors or landings at the top and bottom
• The greatest tread depth within of each stairway exist.
any flight of stairs shall not exceed
• Handrail height is between 850 mm
the smallest by more than 10 mm.
and 950 mm.
• Stairways are provided with artificial
light source to illuminate the landings
Landings for stairways:
and treads to levels of 11 lux. Min.
• There shall be a floor or landing at the
• Wall switches at each floor level to (Copy SBC 1101-CC, page 216)
top and bottom of each stairway.
control the light source exist.
• The width perpendicular to the direction
of travel shall be not less than the width
of the flight served.
Handrail height:
Shall be not than 850 mm and not more than
950 mm.
Illumination:

Stairways shall be provided with illumination
in accordance with the following:
• Interior stairways shall be provided with
an artificial light source to illuminate
the landings and treads.
• The light source shall be capable of
illuminating treads and landings to
levels of not less than 11 lux
measured at the center of treads and
landing.
• There shall be a wall switch at each
floor level to control the light source
where the stairway has six or more (Copy SBC 1101-CC, page 215)
risers.
Automatic If the automatic sprinkler system is installed,

FIRE It is not mandatory to install automatic check the following:
SPRINKLER residential fire sprinkler system in: • For townhouses: is the automatic sprinkler
SYSTEMS • One and two-family dwellings, and system installed in accordance with Section
• Townhouses. 2904 of SBC-1102?

SBC-1101 • For two-family dwellings: is the
SECTION 313 An automatic residential fire sprinkler system automatic sprinkler system installed in
is permitted to be installed in one and two- accordance with NFPA13?
family dwellings and townhouses.
Required sprinkler locations (if available):

Sprinklers shall be installed to protect all
areas a dwelling unit.
Exceptions:
1) Attics, crawl spaces and normally
unoccupied concealed spaces that do
not contain fuel-fired appliances do
not require sprinklers.
2) In attics, crawl spaces and normally

unoccupied concealed spaces be
installed above the equipment;
however, sprinklers shall not be
required in the remainder of the space
3) Clothes closets, linen closets and

pantries not exceeding 2.2 m2 in area,
with the smallest dimension not greater
900 mm and having wall and ceiling
surfaces of gypsum board.
4) Bathrooms not more than 5.1 m2 in

area.
5) Garages; carports; exterior porches;

unheated entry areas, such as mud
rooms, that are adjacent to an exterior
door; and similar areas.

Smoke alarms
and carbon • Smoke alarms shall comply with NFPA 72.
monoxide • Smoke alarms shall be listed in
alarms accordance with UL 217. • Are smoke alarms and carbon monoxide
• Smoke alarms and carbon monoxide detectors listed in accordance with UL 268
SBC-1101 detectors shall be permitted to be installed and UL 2075?
SECTION 314 in fire alarm system in lieu of smoke • Are smoke alarms installed in all sleeping
SECTION 315 detectors, provided that they are listed in rooms?
accordance with UL 268 and UL 2075. • Are smoke alarms and carbon monoxide
detectors installed in corridors of sleeping
Location: rooms?
Smoke alarms shall be installed in the • Are smoke alarms installed in every story of
following locations: the dwelling, including basements and
1. In each sleeping room. habitable? (Copy SBC 1101-CC, page 225)
2. Outside each separate sleeping • Are smoke alarms within a dwelling are
area in the immediate vicinity of the interconnected?
bedrooms. • Are smoke alarms installed a Min. of 900
3. On each story of the dwelling, mm horizontally from the door or opening of
including basements and habitable. a bathroom that contains a bathtub or
4. Smoke alarms shall be installed not shower?
less than 900 mm horizontally from
the door or opening of a bathroom
that contains a bathtub or shower
unless this would prevent
placement of a smoke alarm
require by the above locations. (Copy SBC 1101-CC, page 224)
Interconnection:
• Smoke detectors within a dwelling are
required to be interconnected so that
activation of any of the smoke detectors
on any level will activate all of the
alarms in the individual dwelling and
ensure that occupants are alarmed.
• Listed wireless interconnected alarms
could substitute for wired

interconnection of the smoke alarms in
both new and existing construction.
Smoke detectors within a dwelling are required to be

interconnected

5.18 Doors – Wood and metal

Technical Craft
Doors – Wood and Metal

Craft Basis / Standards Technical functions Inspection scope Defects, findings and notes
Carpentry work - SBC 1101 Means of Egress, contains extensive The following structural situations generally occur
doors / metal doors / Section 311 notes, which also include the topic of in housing with regard to doors:
hardware work SBC 201 doors and related works in diverse
Section 1010 subsections. 1. Front door of a detached house (single dwelling)
2. Front door of a multiple occupancy dwelling
SBC 1101 covers doors from a detached3. Apartment door in a multiple occupancy dwelling
house (one-family dwellings) to multiple 4. General interior doors (detached house/multiple
dwelling buildings through to public occupancy dwelling)
buildings and industrial buildings. 5. Metal doors (e.g. between living space and usable
space).
The protection objectives and
requirements for doors are generally very
different due to the large scope covered.
Based on the design, the requirements and any
official constraints on the door systems must be
The housing construction aspects of known and checked:
carpentry work doors / metal doors /
hardware are covered here.
By way of example in housing:

- Simple front door?
- Simple interior door?
- Emergency exit door?
- Fire protection requirements?
- Sound insulation requirements?
- Different climate zone / climate class
requirements?
- Light incidence requirements an?
- Visual installation requirements?
- Security door?
- Door hardware requirements?
- Material selection requirements?
- etc.

Carpentry work - SBC 1101 See above Basic questions on the contractually due quality of
doors / metal doors / Section 311 front doors / interior doors in housing:
hardware work SBC 201
Section 1010 Questions regarding door dimensions:
- Do the door designations and dimensions (width

and height?) match the design and the minimum
requirements of the SBC?
Accessibility questions:
- Do requirements exist for accessible entrances /

clear opening widths?
- Do door sill requirements exist?
Questions regarding opening directions

(left or right-hung):
- Are the opening directions correct (left-hung /

right-hung) taken into account / in exit doors?
- Are construction joints in the screed arranged so
that they are concealed under the door leaves?
Questions on choice of materials:
- Have the doors been delivered and installed with

the correct material properties (wood / plastic /
metal / glass, ...)?
Choice of materials as per plans

Carpentry work - see above Building physics questions:
doors / metal doors / SBC 1101
hardware work Section 311 Sound insulation:
SBC 201 - Sound insulation requirements can exist from
Section 1010 entrance halls and stairways to apartments and
within the apartments themselves.
- Do the doors comply with the sound insulation
specifications? There are different sound
reduction indexes and thus different quality
levels.
- Do the drop sills, if installed, touch the door
linings and lower, so that the joints are sealed?
- If incident light exists, the drop sills do not move
downwards. Light, noises and odours can get
into the apartment.
- Are stop sills possibly planned and installed for
reasons of sound insulation?
- Do sills possibly collide with accessible
accesses? How high are the sills?
Climate classes:
- Different door climate class requirements can be
set from the outside to the inside and within the
Drop sills
building, and from room to room.
- Do climate class requirements exist for the
doors?
- Have the climate classes been complied with?
Building physics questions:
Ventilation:
- If damp air is extracted from domestic bathrooms
– do the interior doors have an undercut or
ventilation screens? Do dorrs have ventilation screens?
- Is the undercut / the ventilation screen
adequately dimensioned?

Carpentry work - see above Fire protection:
doors / metal doors / - Fire protection requirements can exist for doors.
hardware work Fire and smoke control doors are installed to
prevent the spread of fire and smoke within a
building for a certain period of time.
- Have fire doors with appropriate requirements
profile been installed? There are different quality
levels.
- Has the installation been documented by a
declaration of compliance?
- Are appropriate markings and information signs
present on the doors?
- Are, for example, metal doors with fire protection
requirements installed between living areas and
garages?
- Are the metal frame joints solidly filled with
mortar?
- Do the metal doors have an overall paint finish?
Carpentry work - SBC 1101 see above Break-in protection:

doors / metal doors / Section 311 Doors have different resistance classes against
hardware work SBC 201 attempts to force them open (break-in). A
Section 1010 differentiation is made between resistance classes
with low basic protection to increasing protection
quality through to a high degree of protection. The
resistance classes are expressed as RC 1 to RC 6,
where RC 6 provides the greatest resistance to
break-in.
Questions:
- Do requirements exist for security doors / against
break-in attempts?
- If yes, has the correct resistance class been
installed?
- Has the installation of the appropriate RC class
been documented by a declaration of
conformity?
- Have appropriate door hardware and door locks
been installed?

Carpentry work - See above Technical / visual standards:
doors / metal doors / SBC 1101
hardware work Section 311 - Have the doors been adequately installed,
SBC 201 according to the manufacturer’s instructions /
Section 1010 fixed onto the jambs?
- Do special requirements exist for the
installation?
- Are frames, door linings and the doors
themselves installed plumb?
- Do the doors drag across the floor?
- Do the doors close automatically?
- Do door linings touch the walls?
- Are the entire doors free from damage?
- Can the doors be locked?
- Are door gaskets inserted?
- Do the doors correspond to the contractually due
quality?
- All keys available?
- Are the joints of doorframes and linings in
bathrooms filled to protect them against rising
damp from the floor?
Do doors correspond to the contractually quality?
Do door linings touch the walls?

Door Dimensions
Door Requirements
Size of doors:
The minimum clear width of each door • Is the door dimensions less than
SBC 201 opening shall be 800 mm with the door 800 mm in clear depth, and less
Section 1010 open 90 degrees. than 2000 mm in clear height?
• Does the door open less than 90
The height of door openings shall be not degree?
less than 2000 mm.
Why the minimum clear width of 800

mm?
The minimum clear width in a doorway of

800 mm is to:
1) Allow passage of a wheelchair
2) As well as persons utilizing
walking devices or
3) Other support apparatus.
Similarly, because of the difficulties that a
person with physical disabilities would
have in opening a pair of doors
simultaneously, the 800 mm minimum
must be provided by a single door leaf.
Projections into clear width and clear height
• There shall not be projections into • Do the projections into the clear
the required clear width lower than opening width between 850 mm
850 mm above the floor or ground. and 2000 mm above the floor or
ground?

• Projections into the clear opening • Do the projections into the clear
width between 850 mm and 2000 mm opening width exceed 100 mm?
above the floor or ground shall not
exceed 100 mm. • Do thresholds at doorways exceed
13 mm in height above the
• Exception: Door closers and finished floor or landing for sliding
doorstops shall be permitted to be doors?
2000 mm minimum above the floor.
Thresholds:
Thresholds at doorways shall not exceed
13 mm in height above the finished floor
or landing for sliding doors.
A threshold is: (Copy from SBC 201-CC, page 1153)

a) A potential tripping hazard and
b) A barrier to accessibility by
people with mobility
impairments.
For these reasons, thresholds for all
doorways are to be a maximum of 13 mm
high.
Door Space arrangement
Door space arrangement between two • Does the door space arrangement
doors in a series shall be 1200 mm between two doors in a series less
minimum plus the width of a door than 1200 mm? (Measured from
swinging into the space.

the width of a door swinging into
Doors in a series shall swing either: the space)
• In the same direction or
• Away from the space between • Does the space between doors
the doors. provides sufficient clear space for
Where doors in a series are not arranged a wheelchair?
in a straight line, the space between
doors should provide sufficient clear space
for
a wheelchair [750 mm by 1200 mm]
beyond the arc of the door swing.
Why?
To facilitate accessibility and to provide
sufficient space to enable occupants to (Copy from SBC 201-CC, page 1158)
negotiate the second door without being
encumbered by the first door's swing arc.
(Copy from SBC 201-CC, page 1158)

Bathroom doors
Bathroom doors that latch in the closed

position shall be capable of being • Are bathroom doors capable of
unlocked from the outside. being unlocked from the
outside?
Why?
In case a someone needs assistance in a
bathroom, the bathroom door must have a
type of hardware that would allow the door
to be unlocked from the outside
Glazing in doors
Glazing in doors
Glazing in fixed and operable panels of: If the glazing is intalled in hazardous location, then the glazing
SBC 1101 • Swinging, • Is glazing in doors a safety glass? must be Saftey Glass.
Section 308 • Sliding and • Does door glazing comply with
• Bifold doors CPSC 16 CFR 1201? What is a Saftey Glass?
shall be considered to be a hazardous • Does a 75 mm diameter sphere Is glazing that can pass "Impact test" where glazing shall be tested
location. pass through the glazed openings in accordance with:
in the door? 7) CPSC 16 CFR 1201 or
• Is the door glazing a decorative 8) ANSI Z97.1
Exceptions: glazing?
1) Glazed openings of a size • Is the manufacturer's designation NOTE:
through which a 75 mm diameter and identification of glazing Glazing in doors or enclosures for hot tubs, whirlpools, saunas,
sphere is unable to pass. steam rooms, bathtubs and showers shall not be permitted to be
provided on each pane of
2) Decorative glazing. tested in accordance with ANSI Z97.1
glazing?
Identification:
The CPSC standard requires the Each pane of glazing installed in hazardous locations as defined
installation of safety glazing materials below shall be provided with:
meeting 16 CFR, Part 1201 only in storm • a manufacturer's designation

doors, combination doors, entrance-exit • specifying who applied the designation,
doors, sliding patio doors, closet doors, • designating the type of glass and
and shower and tub doors and enclosures. • the safety glazing standard with which it complies, which
is visible in the final installation.

• acid etched,
• sand-blasted,
• ceramic-fired,
• laser etched,
• embossed, or
• be of a type that once applied cannot be removed without
being destroyed.
A label shall be permitted in lieu of the manufacturer's designation.

Glazing adjacent to doors.
Glazing in an individual fixed or operable • Does glazing panel adjacent to a

panel adjacent to a door shall be door a safety glass?
considered to be a hazardous location
where the bottom exposed edge of the • Does glazing panel adjacent to a
glazing is less than 1500 mm above: door a comply with the code
a) The floor or requirements?
b) Walking surface • Does door glazing comply with
and it meets either of the following CPSC 16 CFR 1201?
conditions: • Is the manufacturer's designation
1) Where the glazing is within 600 and identification of glazing
mm of either side of the door in
provided on each pane of glazing?
the plane of the door in a closed
position.
2) Where the glazing is on a wall
perpendicular to the plane of the
door in a closed position and
within 600 mm of the hinge
side of an in-swinging door.
Exceptions:
1) Decorative glazing.
2) Where there is an intervening
wall or other permanent barrier
between the door and the
glazing.
3) Where access through the door is
to a closet or storage area 900
mm or less in depth.
4) Glazing that is adjacent to the
fixed panel of patio doors.

(Copy SBC 1101-CC, page 209 & 210)

6.0 References
The following materials were used in this book:
- The Saudi General Building Code SBC 201.
- The Saudi Building Code for Soils and Foundations SBC 303.
- The Saudi Electrical Code SBC 401.
- The Saudi Mechanical Code SBC-501.
- The Saudi Energy Conservation Code Except Residential SBC-601.
- The Saudi Energy Conservation Code for Residential Buildings SBC-602.
- The Saudi Fire Code SBC-801.
- The Saudi Residential Building Code SBC (1101-1102).

© TÜV SÜD 2021

Page 285 of 285

‎⁨فحص المباني الجاهزة مطور⁩

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

‎⁨فحص المباني الجاهزة مطور⁩

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Existing Quality Training

& Inspection Program

1.0 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................................... 3

4.0 DOCUMENTATION ................................................................................................................................................. 25

6.0 REFERENCES...................................................................................................................................................... 284

© TÜV SÜD 2021 Page 2 of 285

Townhouse must meet all four criteria:

© TÜV SÜD 2021 Page 3 of 285

The applicable code:

The Saudi Building Code General SBC-201

The Saudi Building Code General Requirements (SBC 201) provides

© TÜV SÜD 2021 Page 4 of 285

The Saudi Loading Code SBC-301

Saudi Building Code SBC 301 provides minimum load requirements

The Saudi Construction Code SBC-302

The Saudi Building Code for

The Saudi Building Code for Soils and Foundations

© TÜV SÜD 2021 Page 5 of 285

The Building Code for Concrete Structures SBC-

The Building Code requirements for Concrete

The Saudi Building Code for

The Saudi Building Code for Masonry Structures (SBC

© TÜV SÜD 2021 Page 6 of 285

The Saudi Building Code for Steel Structures SBC-

The Saudi Building Code for Steel Structures (SBC 306)

The Saudi Electrical Code SBC-401

The Electrical Requirements provide a common set of

The Saudi Mechanical Code SBC-501

The Saudi Mechanical Code (SBC 501) is a Code that regulates

© TÜV SÜD 2021 Page 7 of 285

The Saudi Energy Conservation Code Except

The Saudi Energy Conservation Code (SBC 601)

The Saudi Energy Conservation Code for

The Saudi Energy Conservation Code (SBC 602) provides minimum

The Saudi Building Plumbing SBC-701

The Saudi Building Plumbing (SBC 701) is a Code that

© TÜV SÜD 2021 Page 8 of 285

Saudi Private Sewage Disposal Code SBC-702

Saudi Private Sewage Disposal Code (SBC 702)

The Saudi Fire Code SBC-801

The Saudi Fire code (SBC 801) provides minimum fire

The Saudi Existing Building Code SBC-901

The Saudi Existing Building Code (SBC 901) provides

© TÜV SÜD 2021 Page 9 of 285

The Saudi Building Code for

SBC 1001 is intended to safeguard the environment,

The Saudi Building Residential Codes

The Saudi Building Residential Code shall apply to the

© TÜV SÜD 2021 Page 10 of 285

3.0 Purpose and modelling

3.1 Task and responsibilities of an 3rd party Building quality inspector

The inspector as an 3rd party:

© TÜV SÜD 2021 Page 11 of 285

• manufacturer's instructions and

3.2 Existing Buildings – detached house or multiple occupancy

TÜV SÜD defines basic conditions as follows:

© TÜV SÜD 2021 Page 12 of 285

Checkpoint definition and content for existing buildings:

Checkpoint 1 - First step of inspection: Listing of paperworks for basic evaluation.

Basic evaluation I Documentaion and paperwork Possible content

Contract Framing information

Building Specifications Contract details

Special agreements Individual points

Operating instructions / manuals Air conditioning (including frequency of cleaning /