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污名应对策略的研究现状与展望
污名应对策略的研究现状与展望
5, 819–830
Advances in Psychological Science
污名应对策略的研究现状与展望*
杨 柳 1, 2 刘 力1 吴海铮 1
(1 北京师范大学心理学院, 应用实验心理北京市重点实验室, 北京 100875)
(2 中国人民大学劳动人事学院, 北京 100872)
摘 要 应激与应对的理论发展构建了污名应对研究的基本框架。污名应对策略是指被污名者在具体
污名情境中为减少压力的消极影响而有目的地采用的情绪、认知和行为反应。目前, 关于被污名者应
对污名策略的研究, 特别是艾滋病污名应对策略的研究日趋增多。根据不同的划分标准, 可以区分出
问题聚焦性与情绪聚焦性策略、卷入与摆脱策略以及前摄性与反应性策略; 对于可隐藏污名而言, 还
涉及到表露/隐藏策略。在研究方法上, 质性研究范式日益发挥重要作用。未来应该注重污名应对策略
的情境性, 加强不同污名领域的专题研究, 关注对应对策略的评价并构建污名应对策略的层次模型。
关键词 污名; 被污名者; 应对策略; 艾滋病污名
分类号 B849: C91
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Abstract: Stigmatized people have a vast array of coping strategies towards stigma-related stressors
resulting from their devalued social status, including emotional, cognitive and behavioral responses. There
is an increasing interest in theorizing these coping strategies in generally, and coping strategies towards
HIV/AIDS related stigma in particular. According to different academic criteria, strategies of coping with
stigma have been categorized as follows: problem-focused and emotion-focused strategies, engagement and
disengagement strategies, proactive and reactive strategies. People with concealable stigma always adopt the
coping tactics of disclosure/concealment. Qualitative methods have been increasingly employed in the field.
More attention should be paid to coping environment, coping strategies in relation to different forms of
stigma, the multiple dimensional nature of coping responses, and appraisals on the effects of diverse coping
strategies.
Key words: stigma; the stigmatized; coping strategies; HIV/AIDS related stigma