Capacitors 6

Dielectric
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Dielectric Material
● Non-conductor (Insulator)
● No free movement of charge
● No or negligible free charges

porcelain (ceramic), mica, glass, plastics,

and the oxides of various metals
Polar Molecules

Dielectric can be made up of polar or nonpolar molecule

1. Polar molecule

permanent dipole moment

+ve & -ve centres don’t coincide

Non-Polar Molecules

2. Non-polar
+ve & -ve centres coincides
Non-Polar Molecules

Non-polar molecules have

Induced dipole moment

Dielectric Material

● Total Dipole Moment zero

● average dipole moment per unit
volume is zero.
● Net charge in small volume zero

● Randomly Oriented

● Thermal agitation
Dielectric Material

● In both Polar & Non-

Polar Dielectric

● due to External field,

a net dipole moment is
developed.
Dielectric Material

- + - +
● Net charge in any
small volume is zero - + - +

- + - +

- + - +

● Net charge density on the surface

is Non-Zero
Polarization Vector
Polarization vector P is

- + Dipole moment per unit volume

- - + - + +
- +
- - + - + +
- +
- - + - + +
- +
- - + - + +
- +

A: Cross sectional area

of Dielectric Slab

d: thickness of Dielectric Slab

Dielectric Material

Eo
Dielectric Constant (K)

Eo Eo
E=
- + K
- +
- +
K : Dielectric Constant
- +
- + Or
- + Relative Permittivity of
- +
- +
Dielectric Medium
- +
K: factor by which electric field
reduces inside a dielectric.
Parallel Plate Capacitor with Dielectric

+ -
+ -
+ -
+ -
+ -
+ -
+ -
+ -
+ -

d
General Method of determining Capacitance
Parallel Plate Capacitor with Dielectric

+ - + -
+ -
+ - + -
+ -
+ - + -
+ -
+ - + -
+ -
+ - + -

d
Find Ceq if each Capacitor (without dielectric) is C

K=2

A. C/3

B. 3C

C. 2C/3

D. 4C/3
Find the equivalent capacitance if each
Capacitor (without dielectric) is C

K1
A.

B.
K2

C.

D.
Find the equivalent capacitance if each
Capacitor (without dielectric) is C

K1 K2 A.

B.

C.

D.
Charge Induced on the Dielectric

+Q -Q
-Qin +Qin
+ - + -
+ -
+ - + -
+ -
+ - + -
+ -
+ - + -
+ -
A + - + -

d
Charge Induced on the Dielectric

+Q -Q
-Qin +Qin
+ - + -
+ -
+ - + -
+ -
+ - + - 1
+ - Qin = Q 1 -
+ - + - K
+ -
A + - + -

d Qin is magnitude of the induced charge

Find the equivalent capacitance.
A : Area of each plate,
d : Separation between two plates.

A.

K=2 A/2
B.

C.

D.
Find the equivalent capacitance between A and B
A : Area of each plate,
d : Separation between two plates.

A.
K=2
B.

d/2 d/2
C.

D.
Find the equivalent capacitance between A and B
A : Area of each plate,
d : Separation between two plates.

K1=4 A/2 A.
A
B.
K2=3 K3=6

C.
d/2 d/2

D.
Find the equivalent capacitance
A : Area of each plate (square shape)
l: length of the plate
d : Separation between two plates

And K varies as
A.

B.

C.
y

D.
y
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