Gelephu Higher Secondary School

Trial Examination 2021

Class XII Writing time: 3 hrs.
Subject: Biology Total Marks: 100

INDEX NUMBER: 122100800………..

Instructions:
✓ First 15 minutes for reading questions only.
 Do not write during first 15 minutes.
✓ In this question there are TWO sections, A and B. Answer ALL Questions from Section A and any
SIX questions from Section B.
✓ Write all your answers in the answer sheet provided.
✓ Intended marks given in the [ ].
SECTION – A
[40 Marks, Answer ALL questions]
Question 1
a. Read the following questions carefully. For each question, there are four alternatives A, B, C and D.
Choose the most correct alternative. Do not write more than ONE alternatives. If there are more than
ONE alternative, no score will be awarded. [25]

i. Your brother is 5 years old. In his breakfast he was served a bread a glass of milk. The organ and
enzyme is involved for the initial chemical digestion of milk protein?
A. Oral cavity and Ptyalin.
B. Duodenum and Trypsin.
C. Stomach and Rennin.
D. Stomach and Pepsin.

ii. Tashi conducted an experiment to find out effect of monochromatic light on the rate of
photosynthesis. In his experiment he exposed the experimented plant to monochromatic green
light. Which of the following result he might have got?
A Initially rate of photosynthesis increased and then will decreased.
B The rate of photosynthesis increased sharply.
C The rate of photosynthesis decreased drastically.
D Initially rate of photosynthesis decreased and then increased.

iii. Wings of experimental Dragon flies were clipped short for fifty generations. The fifty-first
generation of Dragon flies also emerged with normal-length of wings. This observation would tend
to disprove the idea that evolution is based on
A Inheritance of natural variation.
B Inheritance of acquired characteristics.
C Natural selection.
D Survival of the fittest.

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 iv. Assume in a population of Moth white colour is completely dominant over black. Gene for white
colour is B and for black is b. Genotype for white is BB and Bb whereas genotype for black is bb.
Number of individuals with different genotype in the population given below.
Number of individuals with genotype
Year BB & Bb bb
2000 850 150
2005 720 275
2010 322 685
2015 10 955

The gradual change in number of individuals with different genotype in the above population
occurred due to
A Mutation and natural selection.
B Natural selection and differential reproduction.
C Reproductive isolation and natural selection.
D Mutation and differential reproduction.

v. The structural unit of mammalian bone is ..

A. Chondrocyte C. Osteoblast
B. Osteoclast D. Osteocyte

vi. The statements given below are related to photosynthesis in C3 and C4 plant.
I. Both require enzyme RuBP.
II. Rate of photosynthesis is not influenced by concentration of CO2 in both plants.
III. Equal amount of energy required to synthesize 1 molecule of glucose in C3 and C4 plant.
IV. First stable product is different in C3 and C4 plants.
The statements that are true for C3 and C4 plant is
A II and III.
B I and III.
C I and IV.
D III and IV

vii. The result of flow of electron through the Electron Transport Chain in the chloroplast is
A Water is produced.
B Carbon dioxide is released.
C Energy from the moving electrons transports H+ ions into the stroma.
D Energy from H+ ions crossing back into the lumen of thylakoid causes ATP synthase to make
ATP.

viii. Among the statements given below the option that correctly describe the concept of sustainable
management of natural resources is
I. Planned growth with minimum damaged to the environment.
II. Growth irrespective of extent of damage caused to the environment.
III. Stopping all the developmental work to conserve the environment.
IV. Growth that is acceptable to all the stakeholders.
A. I and IV C. II and IV
B. II and III D. III only

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 ix. There are 4 different species of frogs found in a pond near Gelephu. As each species breed in
different season they cannot produce interspecific hybrids. This isolating mechanism is
A behavioral. C mechanical.
B ecological. D temporal.
x. The diagram below are the wings of insects.

Which hypothesis is supported by the above diagram?

A These insects are member of same species.
B These insects shows convergent evolution.
C These insects have different adaptation to survive in different environment.
D These insects contain all same genetic information.

xi. A mRNA contains 1,500 nucleotides, the polypeptide chain synthesized will have?
A 500 amino acids C 499 amino acids
B 20 amino acids D 300 amino acids

xii. DNA can be a useful tool in the forensic application due to

A Presence different amount of bulk DNA in different individuals.
B Presence of different amount satellite DNA in different individual.
C Showing the same degree of VNTR.
D Showing the different degree of VNTR.

xiii. Path followed to export proteins from the stomach cell to neighboring cells is?
A Golgi apparatus → rough endoplasmic reticulum → plasma membrane
B Rough endoplasmic reticulum → Golgi apparatus → plasma membrane
C Golgi apparatus → lysosome → rough endoplasmic reticulum
D Rough endoplasmic reticulum → lysosome → Golgi apparatus.

xiv. If base sequence CACTTG in a gene mutated to CTCTTG the result will be
A One amino acid will change in poly peptide chain.
B The number and sequence of amino acid in polypeptide chain will remain unchanged.
C More than an amino acid will change in the polypeptide chain.
D Frame shift mutation.

xv. The presence of an epiphyseal line indicates

A Epiphyseal growth has ended.
B A fracture in bone at that location.
C Epiphyseal growth at initial stage.
D Growth in bone diameter is just initiated.

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 xvi. The table below shows population of different species in different community.
Species Community I Community II Community III Community IV
P 21 2 10 15
Q 0 8 8 8
R 0 4 4 0
S 4 11 3 2
The most complex and stable predator pray relationship can found in
A Community I C Community II
B Community I and IV D Community II and III.

xvii. The diagram given below is of three communities with different species in the same geographical
area. Gamma diversity of the area is represented by

A Diversity in site A
B Diversity in site B
C Comparison of diversity between sites A, B and C
D Comparison of diversity between site B and C

xviii. Read the information given blow carefully then answer the question.
 P is a fresh water animal.
 Habitat of species Q is desert.
 R is human.
 S is elephant.
Number of juxtamedullary nephron will be maximum in
A Species P. C Species P and R
B Species Q and species S. D Species Q.

xix. The bar graph given below is the population of wild boar from year 2000 to 2019 in Samteling
Gewog.
60

40

20

0
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

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 The most appropriate reasons for the decrease in the number of wild boar is
A Climate Change.
B Revision in forest rules.
C Fast Developmental activities.
D Illegal killing and selling of wild boar meat.

xx. Bhutan is able to maintain forest cover above 70% is due to

A Strict forest rules less human population.
B Obedience of people towards the king and the government.
C Strict forest rule and religious belief.
D Strict forest rule, religious belief and aesthetic values.

xxi. Study the table given below.

Points Monocot plant Dicot plant
1 Parallel venation. Reticulate venation.
2 In stem vascular bundles are scattered in In stem vascular bundles are arranged in ring.
ground tissue.
3 Anatomy of root shows radial vascular Anatomy of root shows radial vascular
bundle and xylem vessels are polygonal. bundle and xylems vessels are spherical.
4 Stomata are equally distributed in More number of stomata in abaxial surface
adaxial and abaxial surface of leaf. of leaf.

The points that are true for monocot and dicot plant are
A 1 and 4. C 1, 2 and 3.
B 1 and 2. D 1, 2 and 4.

xxii. The narrow passageways that contain cytoplasmic extensions of osteocytes are
A Lacunae. C Trabeculae.
B Marrow cavities. D Canaliculi.

xxiii. A gene that code for a specific polypeptide chain contain 7 amino acids got mutated. mRNA
formed from the mutated gene given below.
AUG CUU AUC UAA AUC CUU UAG CUG
The mutated gene cannot synthesize polypeptide chain that contain 7 amino acids due to presence
of codon
A UAA and UAG. C AUG and UGG
B UGG and AUG D AUC and UGG

xxiv. The statements listed below are related to cellular respiration.

I. In glycolysis is complete oxidation of glucose occur.
II. Final product of glycolysis is 3-carbon compound.
III. Common path for respiration in all living organism is glycolysis.
IV. During glycolysis there is no gain in energy rich bond.
The statements that are false for glycolysis are
A I and IV C II and III
B I and III D II and IV

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xxv. The main obstruction of origin of life in present atmosphere condition is
A enzymatic activity.
B moderate temperature.
C presence of oxygen in the atmosphere.
D Presence of ozone layer.

b. Fill-in-the-blanks with appropriate word/words. [5]

i. Pancreatic acini are exocrine part of pancreas.
ii. Insulated myelin sheath of nerve fibres is produce of Schwann cells.
iii. When any exotic species become dominant over local species, the dominant exotic
species called invasive species.
iv. The pace of origin of life was slow in primitive earth due absence of enzymatic activity.
v. Gradual increase in number of black coloured moth after industrialization is an example of
transient polymorphism.
vi. Development of different breeds of cow, dogs and vegetables are examples of artificial
selection.
vii. The different shape, colour and taste of chilly is the example of genetic diversity.
viii. In macula densa cells of ascending limb get modified.
ix. In plants maximum rate of cell division is found in meristematic tissue.
x. Simpson’s index ranges from 0 to 1. Here, 0 represent infinity biodiversity.

0.5 mark for each correct answer. If spelling is incorrect no mark will be awarded.
c. Match each item of Column A with the most appropriate item of Column B. Rewrite the correct
pairs by writing the number and the corresponding alphabet in the answer the answer script
provided. [5]
Column A Column B
i. Electron acceptor during respiration. j. Inner membrane of mitochondria.
ii. Gene delivery. i. Stem cells
iii. Appearance of short tail in newly born baby . g. Atavism.
iv. Artificial insemination of cow. k. Change in allele frequency.
v. Absence of Casparian strip. l. Passage cells.
vi. RT PCR test for COVID-19 virus. h. Reverse transcription.
vii. Growing of holy basil plant at homes. b. Ex – situ conservation.
viii. Mitochondria, ER, Chloroplast etc. in eukaryotic e. Endosymbiotic origin.
cells.
f. Construction of roads and dams. c. Habitat loss.
d.Recombination DNA technology d. Plasmid.

0.5 mark for each correct answer.

d. State True of False against each statement. [5]
i. Glottis is opening of trachea in pharynx. True.
ii. Repolarisation of nerve fibres is the result of opening of sodium channels and non-
functioning of sodium potassium pump. False.
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 iii. Unplanned plantation during social forestry day affects biodiversity. True.
iv. Ecotourism in Bhutan can promote GNH. True.
v. Rich biodiversity is directly proportionate to species richness. True.
vi. Principle of haemodialysis is based on permeability of cellmembrane. True.
vii. Glycolysis is anaerobic oxidation process. True.
viii. Euglena is a connecting link between protozoa and metazoa. False.
ix. According Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium allele frequency change but genotype frequency
remains constant generation after generation. False.
x. Nissils granules are similar to ribosomes found in muscle cells. False.
0.5 mark for each correct answer.
SECTION B (60 marks)
Answer any SIX questions
Question 2
a. Students observe several slides of TS of cartilage and mammalian bone. Highlight ONE key system
students should develop to identify the slides of cartilage and bone. [1]

T S of cartilage T S of mammalian bone

 Covering is perichondrium made of  Covering is periosteum made of dense
dense irregular branched connective white fibrous tissue.
tissue.
 Matrix is transparent and homogeneous  Matrix dense and hard made of protein
made of protein chondromucoid. ossein.
 Cartilage cells chondrocytes present in  Bone cells osteocytes are present in
lacunae. Lacunae are not connected with lacunae, lacunae are connected with
each other. each other by canaliculi.
Any one point for each cartilage and bone. Any other relevant point. 1 mark.
b. Nutrients such as glucose and amino acid are easily absorbed into the blood. However, fatty acids are
insoluble in water thus it cannot be absorbed directly into the blood. Explain the mechanism of
effective lipid absorption from the alimentary canal in human. [2]

Lipids are insoluble in water. In the lumen of intestine they are converted to small droplets of
micelles with the help of bile salts. 0.5 Mark.
Micelles get attached to the cell membrane of intestinal mucosa and pass into mucosa cells by simple
diffusion. 0.5 Mark.
In the lumen of ER of mucosa cells micelles break down and get covered with protein to form
chylomicrons. 0.5 Mark.
Chylomicrons transported to lymph vessels/lacteals in intestinal villi and then to blood stream. 0.5
Mark.
c. As a responsible citizen how can you save the forest from destruction. Mention at least four points.
[2]
 Educating people on importance of forest.
 Framing peoples friendly strict forest rules.
 Establishing national parks, reserve forest etc.
 Encouraging people to use non – conventional source of energy.
 Developing policies in which people participate and contribute in conservation of forest.
 Checking rural urban migration.
Any other relevant point. 0.5 mark for each point.
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d. A scientist carried out a research work on population genetics on a plant species. The data of his
observation given below.
Year Frequency of Allele A Frequency of Allele B
2015 0.80 0.2
2016 0.72 0.28
2017 0.66 0.34
2018 0.52 0.48
2019 0.45 0.60

Does the above information provide evidence of natural selection in the population?
Justify your answer. [2]
Yes, it provides evidences of natural selection in a population because the above data revels that
gradual decrease in frequency of allele A and gradual increase in frequency of allele B. 0.5 mark.
It tells that individuals with allele B have favourable advantages over allele A. 1 mark.
Individuals with allele B reaches to the reproductive age and add more allele B in gene pool. 0.5
mark.
e. Sangay carried out an experiment on photosynthesis, he plotted the line graph from the data
recorded.
60
produced in 5 minutes
Number of bubbles

50
40
30
20
10
0
5 10 15 20 25
Distance between lamp and pondweed (in cm)

i. State hypothesis for the above experiment [1]

If the intensity of light increases rate of photosynthesis increases. 1 mark.
ii. Identify the independent variables in the above experiment. [1]
Distance between lamp and pondweed/intensity of light. 1 mark.
iii. Deduce the conclusion of above given line graph. [1]
From the above graph I can conclude that when distance between lamp and pond weed
increases rate of photosynthesis decreases. 1 mark.
Question 3
a. Bacteriologist explain that bacteria with mucilage sheath allows them to escape from host immune
system. Comment. [2]
Mucilage sheath made of polysaccharide present outside the cell wall act as additional protective
covering. 0.5 mark.
This additional covering protects bacterial cell from certain chemicals, phages, action of
phagocytes etc. 0.5 mark.
Our immune system consists of phagocytes (macrophages, neutrophils) and antibodies the
chemical produced by lymphocytes. 1 mark.
Thus, bacteria with mucilage escape from host immune system.
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b. Your mother has planted few plants of Aloe vera. As a biological science student how will you
appreciate the above work of your mother. [1]
Aloe vera is a medicinal plant. As my mother planted few Aloe vera plant she tried to conserve the
above plant (ex - situ conservation). 1 mark.
c. “socio-economic development has impacts on natural environment.” Argue to support or refute
or refute the claim with suitable reasons. [2]
Yes, I support that “socio-economic development has impacts on natural environment” because
of following reasons;
 Clearance of forest for infrastructure development and development factories, dams,
roads etc.
 Increase in demand of forest products and in appropriate harvest of forest products.
 Use of forest product and minerals as raw materials for industries.
 Release of CO2 and other greenhouse gases pollute atmosphere, discharge of factories,
car wash centers pollute water bodies and soil.
 Improper disposal of solid waste causes pollution.
0.5 mar for each point. Any other relevant point should be considered.
d. Study the figure given below and answer the questions that follow.

i. Name the process and its importance associated with urine formation at labelled part C. [1]
Selective reabsorption/Tubular reabsorption. 1 mark.
ii. How part E helps in maintaining a water potential gradient in the medulla of the Kidney. [2]
Labelled part E is loop of Henle, its two limbs are ascending and descending limb. Descending
limb of loop of Henle is permeable to both water and ions, ascending limb is impermeable to
water but permeable to ions. 1 mark.
As nepheric filtrate pass through ascending limb loses ions to interstitial fluid. As the interstitial
fluid is hypertonic, nephric filtrate flowing through descending limb loses water to interstitial
fluid to maintain water balance and ionic balance in the body and helps to pass concentrated
urine. 1 mark.
e. As a student of biology you must believe in THREE Rs to save environment. Mention at least
four ways that you will implement in your life to save environment? [2]
I can maintain THREE Rs in following ways;
 I shall put off the electrical switches and turn off water taps when not in use.
 I shall use paper bags and bag made of cloth instead of plastic bags.
 Pack our food in reusable boxes rather than packing in foils.
 Buying products with less packaging.
 Use of damaged plastic bags, container to grow flower plants.
Any four points. 0.5 mark for each point. Any other relevant point should be
considered.
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Question 4
a. Reduction of CO2 to form glucose require ATP and NADPH, products of the light reactions. In
the biology class a student claimed that the Calvin cycle do not depend on the light reaction. With
continual light, could green plants continue producing ATP and NADPH? Give the reason to
support or refute the claim. [2]
With continual light green plants continue producing ATP and NADPH because chlorophyll will
be excited by light energy to release energy rich electrons and there will be photolysis of water to
release e- and H+ ions thus, proton gradient will be maintained across the membrane of thylakoid.
0.5 mark.
Excited electrons will pass down electron transport system to produce ATP and H+ released by
photolysis of water will be used to reduce NADP+ to NADPH. ATP and NADPH formed if not
used by the calvin cycle will nbe used for other metabolic activities. 1 mark.
In C3 plants accumulation of NADPH and O2 in mesophyll cells causes photorespiration and cyclic
phptophosphorylation start. However it is not found in C4 plants and in C3 plants it stops after
some time. O.5 mark.
When intensity of light is too high, photosynthesis will stop due to closure of stomata and
photooxidation.
b.
i. In the diagram A identify evolution presented by the beaks of finches and in diagram B
evolution presented by tendrils and thorn of plant. [1]

A B
A: Divergent evolution. B: Divergent evolution. 0.5 mark for each correct answer.

ii. Evidences of organic evolution are available from study of embryology, paleontology,
morphological evidence and serological evidences. Which of the above evidences do you
think support the organic evolution the best? Write four suitable points in support of your
answer. [2]
In my opinion paleontological evidences support the organic evolution the best due to
following reasons;
 Fossils are found in different strata. Fossilized organisms found in lower strata are
simpler than fossilized organisms found in upper strata.
 It provides evidences link between primitive and advanced organisms (Connecting
link and missing link).
 It tells about the climatic condition of particular era and probable reason of evolution.
 It provides detail structure, habitat, food habit of the fossilized organisms.
0.5 mark for each point. Any relevant point should be considered.

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 c. Study the information given in the table given below.

Plant Natural condition of the habitat

Species
A Dry, average annual rainfall 10 ml, low soil moisture and average
atmospheric temperature 450C.
B Average humidity80%, average annual rainfall 90 ml, moderate soil
moisture and average atmospheric temperature 280C.
i. Differentiate between plant species A and B on the basis of point given. [2]
Point of difference Plant Species A Plant Species B
Thickness of cuticle on Thicker/thick. Thinner/thin.
the surface of leaves.
Penetration of root in the soil. Penetrate deep into the Do not penetrate deep in
soil. the soil.

1 mark for each correct differences.

ii. Write another aerial adaptation you may find other than thickness of cuticle in plant
species A. [1]
Another aerial adaptation that may be found is
 Narrow leaves.
 Leaves may get modified into thorns.
1 mark for one correct point. Any other relevant point should be considered.
d. Name the joints given below. [2]
i. ii

i. Ball and socket joint. ii. Hinge joint.

1 mark for each correct answer.
Question 5
a. One of the most popular theory for origin and evolution of species is ‘Theory of natural
selection.’ But this theory also faces certain criticism. List down THREE drawbacks that do not
support theory of natural selection. [3]
Three drawbacks that do not support the theory of natural selection are
I. Theory of pangenesis.
II. Existence of vestigial organs.

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 III. Overspecialisation.
IV. Inheritance of small variations.
Any three point. 1 mark for each correct point. Explanation not needed.
b. “Scientific developments provide human comfort life, food security, better communication,
justice etc. DNA fingerprinting is an excellent achievement of science. How this achievement
curb social problems? [3]
It helps in curbing social problems in following ways.
 Identification of criminals/potential suspects.
 Helps in finding Kinship relationship.
 Can solve paternity dispute.
 Helps in parentage determination.
 Identification of sex of an individual.
 Helps in exonerating persons wrongly accused of crime.
Any 3 points. 1 mark for each correct point. Explanation not needed.
c.
i. Synapses are junction between two neurons. Draw neat labelled diagram of axosomatic
synapse. [1]

1 mark for proper drawing.

ii. At synapse nerve impulse always transmit from pre to post synaptic neuron, not in
reverse direction. Why? [1]
Conduction of transmission of nerve impulse at synapse need neurotransmitter that are
present in synaptic vesicles, these vesicles are present in synaptic knob at axon
terminals. These synaptic vesicles are not found on dendrites of post synaptic neuron
or in soma. Thus, impulse always transmit from pre to post synaptic neuron, not reverse.
1 mark. Full mark will be awarded depending on key words shown in the answer
by bold words.
d. Newly transcribed RNA is called heterogeneous RNA. Why? How heterogeneous RNA can be
made functional mRNA? [1 + 1]
Newly transcribed RNA is called heterogeneous RNA as it contains coding unit (exon) and non
– coding units (introns). Thus, newly formed RNA is called heterogeneous RNA. 1 Mark.
Heterogeneous RNA are made functional RNA by RNA splicing, that is removing non – coding
units (introns) and rejoining coding units (exons). 1 Mark.

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Question 6
a. The diagram given below is of detailed structure of myofibril.

i. Length of which labeled part will decrease during contraction of muscle? [1]
During muscle contraction labelled part 1 contract. 1 mark.
ii. Length of which labeled part remain unchanged during muscle contraction? [1]
Length of labelled part 6 remain unchanged during muscle contraction. 1 mark.
b. Genetic code is triplet. Prove it. [2]
Genetic code is unambiguous and degenerating. There 20 different amino acids that make
different polypeptide chain and there are 4 nitrogenous bases. 0.5 mark.
If genetic code is singlet then 1 X 4 = 4 codon. Result is genetic code is ambiguous. 0.5 mark.
If genetic code is doublet then 4 X 4 = 16 codon. Result is genetic code is ambiguous. 0.5
mark.
If genetic code is triplet then 4 X 4 X 4 = 64 codon. Result is genetic code degenerates. 0.5
mark.
Thus, genetic code is triplet code.
c. How does appearance of photosynthetic organism influence the evolution? [2]
Changes that occurred due to appearance of photosynthetic organisms are;
 Disappearance CH4 and NH3 from the atmosphere and appearance of molecular oxygen in
the atmosphere.
 Reducing atmosphere changed into oxydising atmosphere.
 Regular flow of energy, green autotrophs became source food for non – green organisms.
 Photosynthesis and respiration act as nature’s balancing mechanism.
0.5 mark for each point. Any other relevant point should be considered.
d. Differentiate between oxidative phosphorylation and photophosphorylation on the basis of point
given. [2]
Point of difference Oxidative phosphorylation Photophosphorylation
Cell organelle involved Mitochondria. Chloroplast.
Source of hydrogen ions Oxidation of NADH2, FADH2. Photolysis of H2O.
0.5 mark for each correct answer.
e. Write the significant function of followings in DNA replication. [2]
i. DNA ligase: Join fragmented DNA/ DNA fragments. 1 mark.
ii. RNA prime: Initiate synthesis of new DNA strand. 1 mark.

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Question 7
a. Through GNH sustainable management of natural resources is possible. Do you agree? Justify
your answer with TWO points. [2]
Yes, I agree because four pillars of GNH are
 Sustainable and Equitable Socio-economic development.
 Conservation of environment.
 Preservation and promotion of culture.
 Good governance.
If we can take care and conserve the natural environment it will provide us with
 Clean air, water. Pollution will be less. Health of individual will be better.
 Different forest products and minerals can be used judiously.
 Employment and economic development will be balanced.
 Rural urban migration can be minimized, thus, pressure on natural resources will be less.
Any two points. 1 mark for each point. Any other relevant point should be considered.

b. Gelephu has vast area of flat fertile land, now this city has facility of airport, climate of Gelephu
is favorable for settlement and agriculture. Thus, a lot of development activities can be seen in
and around of Gelephu. Same time biodiversity of this area should be maintained. Development
of national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and biosphere reserve/nature reserve are some common
strategies to conserve biodiversity. Out of three strategies mentioned above, which one you
select for the conservation of biodiversity in this area? Justify your answer with suitable points.
[3]
For the conservation of biodiversity at Gelephu, I shall prefer the strategy biosphere
reserve/nature reserve due to following reasons;
 Human is integral part of the system.
 Human activities are allowed under regulated frame work.
 Naturally growing plants and animals grow without interference of human.
 It can be used for ecological and environmental research, education and training.
 It provides home to endangered species of plants and animals.
 It contains abundant genetic diversity.
0.5 mark for each point. Any other relevant points should be considered.
c. “Different living form of today evolved from common ancestor.” Justify the statement with the
help of temporary embryonic structure. [2]
Temporary embryonic structures that support the evolution of different living form from common
ancestor are;
 Presence of visceral/ gill cleft and Presence of gills.
 Development of tooth bud in tooth less whales and birds.
 Embryo of all vertebrates develop notochord at embryonic stage.
 Brain, spinal cord, axial skeleton and aortic arc develops in all vertebrates during
embryonic stage.
0.5 mark for each point.

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 d. Given below is a part of human digestive system. See the diagram given below carefully to
answer questions.

i. Name the labelled part P and Q. [1]

P: Liver. Q: Duodenum. 0.5 mark for each correct answer.
ii. Write TWO unique features of labelled part Q. [2]
Two unique features of the labelled part Q are;
 It is the first part of small intestine.
 Hepatopancreatic duct opens here.
 Here acidic chime turned alkaline.
 Partial digestion of carbohydrates, proteins and fats occur.
 Its unique shape prevents backflow of chime in the stomach.
Any 4 points. 0.5 mark for each correct point. Ant other relevant point should
be considered.
Question 8
a. According to Lederberg there are three stages of origin of life are Chemogeny, Biogeny and
Cognogeny. Explain how experiment of Stanley Miller and Harold Urey support Chemogeny?
[2]
The term chemogeny is used to describe the chemical evolution. In this evolution the simple and
complex organic compounds are synthesized from simple inorganic substances. 0.5 mark.
Stanley Miller and Harold Urey in their experiment used methane, ammonia, hydrogen gas and
water vapour as raw materials. Electrical discharge and heat as the source of energy. They
heated the above mentioned mixture for a week. 1 mark.
After one week they found amino acids like glycine, alanine, aspartic acid in the mixture. 0.5
mark.
Thus, experiment of Stanley Miller and Harold Urey support chemogeny.
b. Diagram given below is related to one of the physiological process of biological central dogma.
See the diagram given below carefully and answer the questions.

i. Name the physiological process of biological central dogma shown in the diagram. [1]
Translation. 1 Mark.
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 ii. Write the function of C and E in the above process. [1]
C: Receive tRNA with specific amino acid. E: Carry information for protein synthesis from nucleus to
cytoplasm. 0.5 mark for each correct answer.
c. Consider black colour (B) in Moth is completely dominant over white (b). In a population of moth
40% moth are white. Calculate the % of homozygous dominant moth in the population. [2]
Given:
% of bb/b2 = 40
Therefore, frequency of genotype bb/b2 = 40/100 = 0.4 0.5 mark.
Frequency of allele b = √0.4 = 0.63 0.5 mark.
As per Hardy – Weinberg equilibrium p + q = 1
Therefore, frequency of allele B = 1- 0.63 = 0.37 0.25 mark.
2 2
Frequency of genotype BB/ B = (0.37) = 0.136. 0.5 mark.
% of BB/B2 in the population = 0.136 X 100 = 13.6% 0.25 mark.

d. Sangay and Phuntsho had an argument on rennin and renin. Phuntsho told both are same it is
just a spelling mistake. Sangay did not agree. Whom do you support Sangay or Phuntsho? Why?
[1]
I support Sangay because
Rennin is an enzyme secreted in the stomach which a protein digestive enzyme. 0.5 mark.
Renin is a hormone secreted in the kidney which is responsible for regulation of urine volume.
0.5 mark.

e. Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b both trap solar radiation but chlorophyll a is primary
photosynthetic pigment. Why? [1]

Chlorophyll a is called primary photosynthetic pigment as it emits electron(s) during

photochemical reaction. 1 mark.

f. Draw a neat labelled diagram of shoot to show the location of intercalary and lateral meristem.
[2]

1 mark for drawing and 0.5 mark for each correct labelling.
Question 9
a. As student of class 12, most of you are in adolescence. At this age most of you try to establish your
status, change in eating behaviour is one the sign of adolescence. Many of you take fast food,
outside food and change your food habit due to peer pressure. List down four healthy dietary
practices you will follow to maintain good health. [2]
Four heathy dietary practices that I can follow are;
 Regular exercise.
 Healthy eating habits.
 Limiting snacks and fast food.
 Limiting watching television and video/mobile games.
 Taking sufficient water.
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  Reading diet journals.
Any four points. 0.5 mark for each correct point. Any other relevant point should be
considered.
b. Bhutan is one of the Biological Hotspot in the world. List down four factors that makes Bhutan
Biological Hotspot. [2]
Four factors that make Bhutan biological hotspot are;
 Geographical location of Bhutan(Latitude).
 Land scape of Bhutan.
 Different climatic zone.
 Mandate of Royal government of Bhutan to maintain forest coverage above 60%.
 Strict forest and agricultural rules.
 Most of the citizen in the country are against killing animals (religious mindset).
Any 4 points. 0.5 mark for each correct point. Any other relevant point should be
considered.
c. In recent year population of White bellied Heron decreased a lot, now it is an endangered species
mostly due to socio economic development. Outline strategies to conserve White bellied Heron.
[2]
Strategies for the conservation of White bellied Heron are;
 Ecological study of White bellied Heron including its importance in ecosystem
 Awareness campaign among hydropower project workers, policy makers, general public.
 Conservation of natural habitat of White bellied Heron.
 Captive breeding of White bellied Heron.
0.5 mark for each point. Any other relevant point should be considered.
d. Explain reason for increase in number DDT resistant mosquito in relation to natural selection
[2]
Original population of mosquito had both DDT resistant and DDT susceptible mosquitoes.
In the absence of DDT, DDT susceptible mosquitoes had selective advantage over DDT resistant
mosquitoes. 1 mark.
In presence of DDT, DDT resistant mosquitoes had advantage over DDT susceptible mosquitoes.
As a result, number of DDT susceptible mosquitoes gradually decreased and number of DDT
resistant mosquito gradually increased. Thus, nature selected DDT resistant mosquito in in
presence of DDT. 1 mark.
e.
i. Write an advantage and a disadvantage of prosthesis. [1]
Advantages of prosthesis are;
 Better sitting comfort.
 No skin problems.
 Stable and safer standing and sitting.
Disadvantages of prosthesis are;
 Intact Limb Pain. ...
 Back Pain. ...
 Current Prosthetic Not Meeting our Needs. ...
 Poor Balance, Instability, or a Fear of Falling. ...
Any one point for advantage and disadvantage. 0.5 mark for one correct advantage
and 0.5 mark for one correct disadvantage. Any other relevant point should be
considered.

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ii. Glycolysis is an energy consumption and energy release process. Justify. [1]
In preparatory phase of glycolysis 2 ATP molecules are used up per glucose molecule
0.5 mark.
In pay of phase of glycolysis 4 ATP molecules and 2 NADH2 are generated per glucose
molecule. 0.5 mark.

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