Current Affairs Articles Compilation PDF November 2023

Current Affairs Articles Compilation [PDF] - November, 2023
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Current Affairs Articles Compilation [PDF] - November, 2023
Contents
......................... . .....................................................................................
News Headlines ..................................................................................................................................................... 3
November 1, 2023 ........................................................................................................................................ 3
November 2, 2023 ........................................................................................................................................ 3
November 3, 2023 ....................................................................................................................................... 4
November 4, 2023 ....................................................................................................................................... 5
November 5, 2023 ....................................................................................................................................... 6
November 6, 2023 ....................................................................................................................................... 7
November 7, 2023 ....................................................................................................................................... 7
November 8, 2023 ....................................................................................................................................... 8
November 9, 2023 ....................................................................................................................................... 9
November 10, 2023 .................................................................................................................................... 10
November 11, 2023 ...................................................................................................................................... 11
November 12, 2023 .................................................................................................................................... 12
November 13, 2023 .................................................................................................................................... 12
November 14, 2023 .................................................................................................................................... 13
November 15, 2023 .................................................................................................................................... 14
November 16, 2023 .................................................................................................................................... 14
November 17, 2023 .................................................................................................................................... 15
November 18, 2023 .................................................................................................................................... 16
November 19, 2023 .................................................................................................................................... 17
November 20, 2023 ................................................................................................................................... 18
November 21, 2023 .................................................................................................................................... 19
November 22, 2023 ................................................................................................................................... 20
November 23, 2023 .................................................................................................................................... 21
November 24, 2023 ................................................................................................................................... 21
November 25, 2023 ................................................................................................................................... 22
November 26, 2023 ................................................................................................................................... 23
November 27, 2023 .................................................................................................................................. 24
November 28, 2023 ................................................................................................................................... 25
November 29, 2023 .................................................................................................................................. 26
November 30, 2023 .................................................................................................................................. 26
November 1, 2023 .............................................................................................................................................. 27
Goa High Court Orders Tiger Reserve in Mhadei Wildlife Sanctuary ........................................... 27
Southern Peninsular India Experiences Sixth Driest October in 123 Years .................................... 29
Agartala-Akhaura Cross-Border Rail Link ............................................................................................ 30
Prime Minister Modi Launches 'Mera Yuva Bharat (MY Bharat)' Platform ................................. 30
All Doctors in India to Receive Unique Identification Numbers on National Medical Register
.................................................................................................................................................................. 31
Study Reveals Strong Link Between Air Pollution and Parkinson's Disease Risk ......................... 32
IAF's No. 4 Squadron Replaces MiG-21 Bison with Sukhoi-30 MKI ............................................. 33
India and Bangladesh Jointly Inaugurate Three Development Projects .......................................... 34
Annual Report on Road Accidents in India for 2022 ......................................................................... 34
UK Hosts Landmark AI Summit Amid Growing Global Concerns ................................................ 35
International Counter Ransomware Initiative ....................................................................................... 36
International Solar Alliance Allocates $35 Million for Global Solar Facility .................................. 36
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Climate Change Could Lead to Significant Loss of Seafood Nutrients in Low-Income Countries
................................................................................................................................................................. 37
DGCA Grants Approval for Nighttime Operations of Single-Engine Aircraft by Scheduled
Commuter Airlines ............................................................................................................................. 38
Central Railway Enhances Safety with Block Proving by Axle Counter System .......................... 39
November 2, 2023 ............................................................................................................................................. 39
Innovative Drug Formulation Offers New Hope for Scorpion Sting Patients .............................. 39
Kozhikode and Gwalior Recognized as Creative Cities for Literature and Music ....................... 40
High Dengue Cases in Bihar ..................................................................................................................... 41
Bhutan Achieves Milestone: Complete Sterilization and Vaccination of Stray Dog Population
................................................................................................................................................................. 42
Reserve Bank of India Launches Surveys for Monetary Policy Insights ......................................... 43
OECD Report: Indian Farmers Faced $169 Billion Implicit Tax Due to Export Measures in 2022
................................................................................................................................................................. 44
State Energy Efficiency Action Plan for Kerala .................................................................................... 45
Morocco's Renewable Energy Potential as a Climate Mitigation Tool ........................................... 46
November 3, 2023 ............................................................................................................................................. 47
Acute Food Insecurity Set to Worsen in 18 Hunger Hotspots by April 2024: FAO and WFP
Report ................................................................................................................................................... 47
Legal Identity and Rights-Based Return Management Conference ................................................. 49
November 4, 2023 ............................................................................................................................................. 50
Ecological Threat Report 2023 ............................................................................................................... 50
2023 Adaptation Gap Report ................................................................................................................... 51
WMO's State of Climate Services Report .............................................................................................. 52
Fossil Fuel Usage in Food Production Equals EU and Russia's Emissions ...................................... 54
PM Modi Inaugurates 'World Food India 2023' in New Delhi ........................................................ 55
November 6, 2023 ............................................................................................................................................. 56
Ancient Flesh-Eating Lampreys Discovered in Chinese Fossils ........................................................ 56
Jharkhand Government Initiates Land Title Drive Under Forest Rights Act ................................. 57
November 7, 2023 ............................................................................................................................................. 58
Ministry of Tourism Showcases 'Incredible India' at WTM London 2023 ................................... 58
India Successfully Tests Pralay Tactical Ballistic Missile .................................................................... 59
November 8, 2023 ............................................................................................................................................. 59
IREDA Launches CSR Portal for Enhanced Transparency in Social Initiatives ............................. 59
November 9, 2023 ............................................................................................................................................ 60
Pusa-2090 Offers Hope to Punjab Farmers ........................................................................................ 60
How Gaza's Health Ministry Tracks Casualties Amid Conflict ........................................................ 61
Climate Change Displacing Animals ...................................................................................................... 62
Mobile Phone Usage Linked to Low Sperm Count in Men: Study ................................................. 63
IEA: India's Energy Efficiency Building Codes Leading the Way in Sustainable Construction
................................................................................................................................................................. 64
Rare Red Aurora Spotted in Ladakh ...................................................................................................... 65
Venus's Atmospheric Composition ......................................................................................................... 66
INDUS-X Investors' Meet Precedes Indo-US 2+2 Dialogue ............................................................ 67
HAL and CSIR-NAL Ink ToT for Tejas Mk1A Engine Bay Doors ................................................. 67
Discovery of the Lost Continent of Argoland ...................................................................................... 68
Record-Breaking Global Temperatures in 2023 ................................................................................. 69
The Debate Over "Unabated" Fossil Fuels ............................................................................................ 69
El Nino Expected to Influence Global Weather Patterns Until April 2024 .................................... 70
Amazon's Foray into Advanced AI with "Olympus" ........................................................................... 71
Streamlining Medical Counselling ........................................................................................................... 71
November 10, 2023 ........................................................................................................................................... 72
WHO Global Tuberculosis Report 2023 ............................................................................................... 72
State of Food and Agriculture Report .................................................................................................... 73
WHO and ILO: Sun Exposure at Work a Major Factor in Skin Cancer Deaths .......................... 74
Global Landscape of Climate Finance 2023 ......................................................................................... 75
State of Climate Services, 2023 .............................................................................................................. 76
Climate Change Drastically Increases Drought Likelihood in Middle East ................................... 78
Pit Latrines: Unique Microbial Ecosystems with Environmental Implications ............................... 79
FDA Approves Valneva's Chikungunya Vaccine for At-Risk Adults ............................................... 80
Devastating Floods Displace Thousands in Somalia and Neighboring Nations ............................ 81
Mount St. Helens Seismic Activity .......................................................................................................... 82
Japan Gets New Island After Volcanic Eruption .................................................................................. 82
SC Guidelines on Speedy Disposal of Criminal Cases Against MPs and MLAs ........................... 83
November 11, 2023 ............................................................................................................................................ 84
Demand for Baler Machines .................................................................................................................... 84
Broadcasting Services (Regulation) Bill 2023 ...................................................................................... 85
Digital Advertisement Policy, 2023 ........................................................................................................ 86
Chinese Scientists Create Monkey Chimera ......................................................................................... 88
Astronaut Frank Borman Passes Away ................................................................................................. 89
U.S. Air Force's B-21 "Raider" Takes Its Maiden Flight .................................................................... 90
Indian and Bangladesh Navies Conduct Bilateral Exercises in the Bay of Bengal ......................... 91
South Africa Paves the Way for Shared Parental Leave in Africa ..................................................... 91
Government Eases Rules for Senior Citizen's Savings Scheme and PPF ........................................ 92
November 13, 2023 ........................................................................................................................................... 93
Exploring a 500-Year-Old Herbarium ................................................................................................... 93
Rediscovery of the Elusive Attenborough's Long-Beaked Echidna in Indonesia .......................... 94
Mars Sample Return Mission Faces Budget Crisis .............................................................................. 94
"Towards Eliminating Plastic Pollution by 2040: A Policy Scenario Analysis" Report ............... 95
Melting Ice and Heavier Snowfall: An Antarctic Paradox ................................................................. 96
Fighting the Melting Poles: France's $1 Billion Polar Science Push ................................................. 96
Preserving Seeds, Culture: Traditional Knowledge Among Nagaland's Naga Tribes ................ 96
Is India Importing GM Foods Unchecked? .......................................................................................... 97
World Bank Approves $150 Million to Strengthen Sri Lanka's Financial Sector ......................... 97
Israel Sells Air Defense System to Finland Amid Conflict in Gaza ................................................. 98
International Efforts to Combat Illegal Trade and Protect Jaguars and Big Cats ........................ 99
Southeast Asia's Declining Tigers Darken Global Recovery Efforts ............................................. 100
Iceland Declares Emergency as Quakes Portend Volcanic Eruption .............................................. 101
CDC Identifies New Sub-Variant JN.1 of Omicron ............................................................................ 101
November 14, 2023 ......................................................................................................................................... 102
PM Modi to Launch PM-PVTG Development Mission on Birsa Munda's Birth Anniversary
................................................................................................................................................................ 102
Indian Government Launches AAINA Dashboard for Cities .......................................................... 103
Government Considers Expanding DAY-NULM ............................................................................... 104
Uttarkashi Tunnel Collapse ..................................................................................................................... 105
Parliamentary Committee Recommends No Handcuffs for Economic Offenders ..................... 106
GPS Tracker Anklet: Monitoring Accused Individuals and the Legal Implications ................... 107
India Signs USD 400 Million Loan Agreement with ADB to Boost Urban Reform Agenda
............................................................................................................................................................... 108
Smart Cities Mission Progress ............................................................................................................... 108
UN Report Highlights Severe Water Scarcity Impacting Children in South Asia Due to Climate
Change ................................................................................................................................................ 109
OPEC Maintains Confidence in Oil Market Despite Price Drop, Blames Speculators ............... 110
MoRTH Proposes Uniform Cyber Security Standards for Four-Wheelers ................................... 110
New Guidelines for IIM Director Appointments ................................................................................. 111
November 15, 2023 ........................................................................................................................................... 112
Defence Minister Rajnath Singh to Attend ASEAN Defence Ministers' Meeting-Plus in Jakarta
................................................................................................................................................................. 112
APEC Leaders' Week in San Francisco ................................................................................................. 113
Indo-Pacific Regional Dialogue (IPRD) 2023 ..................................................................................... 114
Rear Admiral CR Praveen Nair Assumes Command of Indian Navy's Western Fleet ................ 115
Parliamentary Panel Recommends Stricter Penalties for Food Adulteration in Bharatiya Nyaya
Sanhita .................................................................................................................................................. 116
Active vs. Passive Funds: Insights into Mutual Fund Flows in Q2 .................................................. 117
AI-Powered Robot Chemist Revolutionizes Mars Oxygen Production .......................................... 118
Toxoplasma Gondii and Frailty in Older Adults ................................................................................. 119
'Kill Switch' for Cancer Cells: A Breakthrough Discovery in Cancer Treatment ....................... 120
China Proposes Additional Cybersecurity Checks for Auditors in National Security Matters
................................................................................................................................................................ 120
Dominica Creates World's First Marine Protected Area for Sperm Whales ................................. 121
US Supreme Court Introduces Ethics Code Amid Controversy and Pressure ............................ 123
Controversy Surrounds New Methane Emissions Metric GWP* ................................................... 124
Maharashtra's Climate-Resilient Agriculture Project Faces Funding Disparities and Sustainability
Concerns ............................................................................................................................................. 125
Hyderabad's Sadar Festival: A Carnival Celebrating Buffalo Cattle ............................................... 126
Post-Diwali Air Quality Worsens in Indian Cities, Delhi Tops the List ......................................... 126
Researchers Discover Two New Species of Seer Fish in Indian Waters ...................................... 127
New Gecko Species Discovered in Mizoram ..................................................................................... 127
November 16, 2023 ......................................................................................................................................... 128
WHO's 2023 Roadmap to End Maternal Tuberculosis .................................................................... 128
Lancet Countdown Report Warns of Dire Consequences of Climate Crisis on Global Health
................................................................................................................................................................ 129
UN Sounds Alarm as Greenhouse Gas Concentrations Reach New Highs ................................. 130
European Union Agrees to Cut Methane Emissions in Energy Sector ........................................... 131
What is MMRV Working Group? .......................................................................................................... 132
Indian Green Building Council Introduces 'Nest' Initiative for Sustainable Housing ................. 133
First Unit of 30 MW at Naitwar Mori Hydro Electric Project Begins Power Supply ................ 133
NISAR Mission Advances with Key Testing Milestones .................................................................. 134
UK Government's Asylum Plan for Rwanda Ruled Unlawful by Supreme Court ...................... 135
Indian Navy's Diplomatic Mission in West Africa and the Atlantic ............................................... 137
Senate Passes Stopgap Funding Bill, Averting Government Shutdown ........................................ 138
Niti Aayog Appoints Four Distinguished Fellows to Enhance Expertise ....................................... 138
India International Science Festival 2023 - Current Updates (November, 2023) ...................... 139
Conclusion of the 37th Infantry Commanders' Conference in Mhow ......................................... 140
November 17, 2023 ......................................................................................................................................... 140
Joint Military Exercise MITRA SHAKTI-2023 Kicks Off ................................................................ 140
High Rainfall: A Lifesaver for Equatorial Rainforests ......................................................................... 141
'Amini': Arnala Class Ship for Indian Navy ......................................................................................... 142
Unveiling Megabeds: Evidence of Ancient Catastrophic Events ..................................................... 143
Impact of Human Activities on Global Dust Emissions .................................................................... 143
Landmark U.S.-China Climate Deal ..................................................................................................... 144
Loneliness: A Global Health Threat Equivalent to Smoking ........................................................... 145
Indo-Pacific Economic Framework: Agreements for a Fair and Clean Economy ...................... 146
Supreme Court Emphasizes: Agreement to Sell Does Not Confer Ownership .......................... 147
November 18, 2023 ......................................................................................................................................... 148
Measles Vaccination Gaps Persist in India: A Look at the WHO-CDC Report .......................... 148
The Voice of Global South Summit ..................................................................................................... 149
Surya Kiran Aerobatic Team to Shine Before India vs Australia ICC World Cup Final ........... 150
Southern India's Reservoirs Face Depleting Water Levels ................................................................ 151
US and Philippines Sign Nuclear Technology Deal to Boost Energy Independence .................. 152
NASA's DSOC Achieves "First Light" with Record-Breaking Data Transmission ..................... 152
Cambridge Dictionary's Word of the Year: "Hallucinate" ................................................................ 153
November 20, 2023 ......................................................................................................................................... 154
What is Chhath Puja? ............................................................................................................................... 154
Punjab and Haryana High Court Quashes Haryana's 75% Private Job Reservation Law ......... 155
Legal Controversy Surrounds Governor's Powers as Tamil Nadu Resubmits Bills ................... 156
Halal: Understanding Certificates and Controversies ........................................................................ 157
Reporting Sexual Offences against Minors and the POCSO Act ................................................... 158
State of the Cryosphere 2023 Report .................................................................................................. 158
Rescue Efforts in Silkyara-Barkot Tunnel: Authorities Unveil Five-Point Plan ............................ 160
Climate Risks for Women in Agri-Food Systems: Hotspot Map Highlights Vulnerability ....... 160
Extreme Weather Events Drive Shifts in Ecosystems, Favoring Non-Native Species ................. 161
Four Gas Power Plants Contradict US Directive on Fossil Fuel Financing: Report ................... 162
Lancet Countdown on Health and Climate Change ......................................................................... 163
Traditional and Complementary Medicine 'Project Collaboration Agreement' .......................... 164
Global Fisheries Conference India 2023 .............................................................................................. 165
Pre-National Conference on Responsible Business Conduct Webinar .......................................... 165
NMC's Vigilance Against "Ghost Faculty" in Medical Colleges ..................................................... 166
Perumal Murugan's 'Fire Bird' Clinches 2023 JCB Prize for Literature ....................................... 167
Passing of Former US First Lady Rosalynn Carter at Age 96 ........................................................ 168
November 21, 2023 ......................................................................................................................................... 169
11th Edition of International Tourism Mart ........................................................................................ 169
USI Annual UN Forum 2023 Focuses on International Humanitarian Law and Peacekeeping
............................................................................................................................................................... 170
CII India-Nordic-Baltic Business Conclave .......................................................................................... 171
UN Panel in New Delhi to Address Road Safety Challenges for Delivery Agents ..................... 172
Enigmatic E Prime Layer Discovered in Earth's Core ....................................................................... 173
James Webb Space Telescope Uncovers Massive "Cosmic Vine" in Early Universe .................. 173
James Webb Space Telescope Unveils Celestial Water Supply Chain ........................................... 174
Lost City Hydrothermal Field: A Subaquatic Marvel in Peril .......................................................... 175
November 22, 2023 ......................................................................................................................................... 176
UNEP's 14th Emissions Gap Report 2023 .......................................................................................... 176
59th International Tropical Timber Council ...................................................................................... 177
"Climate equality: A planet for the 99%" Report .............................................................................. 177
Unprecedented Heatwave Hits Brazil ................................................................................................... 178
Vajra Prahar 2023 .................................................................................................................................... 179
India-Australia 2+2 Ministerial Dialogue ............................................................................................. 180
Innovative Approach to Tackle Illegal Sand Mining in Bihar .......................................................... 181
ICMR Study Finds No Link Between COVID-19 Vaccines and Sudden Deaths ......................... 181
UGC to Revise National Eligibility Test (NET) Syllabus .................................................................. 182
Uttar Pradesh Government Launches Safe City Project ................................................................... 183
ICRA Forecasts Sequential Moderation in India's GDP Growth to 7% in Q2 FY2024 ........... 184
Rare Metal Tantalum Discovered in Punjab Soil ............................................................................... 185
NASA's Atmospheric Waves Experiment (AWE) .............................................................................. 185
India Develops Sea Protocols to Boost Export of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables .......................... 186
West Bengal's Policies Unveiled at Bengal Global Business Summit 2023 .................................. 187
JUICE Probe's Groundbreaking Journey to Jupiter: A Double Gravity Assist ............................. 188
Scientists Detect Radiation from Extra-Galactic Black Hole Source ............................................. 189
November 23, 2023 ......................................................................................................................................... 190
Gujarat Government Chooses the Ghol as the State Fish ............................................................... 190
New 'Music Frog' Species Discovered in Arunachal Pradesh ......................................................... 191
Unraveling the Mysteries of Amyloidosis: Scientists Create 2D Lysozyme Protein Monolayer
................................................................................................................................................................ 192
Unprecedented Pest Infestation Devastates Paddy Crops in Assam .............................................. 193
Antarctic Ozone Hole Grows Larger and Thinner, Defying Recovery Trends .......................... 193
CCRAS Launches “Ayurveda Gyan Naipunya Initiative” (AGNI) ................................................. 194
Indian Armed Forces Contingent Heads for Joint Military Exercise AUSTRAHIND-23 .......... 195
India Hosts ASEAN-India Millets Festival in Jakarta ......................................................................... 196
Centre Plans Special Cell to Monitor Food Prices ............................................................................. 197
Inter Command Ocean Sailing Race 2023 ......................................................................................... 197
Indian Naval Ship Sumedha's Diplomatic Voyage to Mozambique .............................................. 198
Advancing Inland Waterways: Amazon and IWAI Sign MoU ........................................................ 199
Vir Das Makes History with International Emmy Win .................................................................... 200
Girish Chandra Murmu Takes Key Role in UN Panel of External Auditors ................................ 201
November 24, 2023 ........................................................................................................................................ 202
Justice Fathima Beevi Passes Away ....................................................................................................... 202
Geert Wilders: The "Dutch Donald Trump" ...................................................................................... 202
State of the Wet Tropics Report ........................................................................................................... 203
India Faces Healthcare Real Estate Deficit .......................................................................................... 204
Plants' Secret Conversations: Eavesdropping on Nature's Defense Mechanism ........................ 204
The Unintended Consequences of Mosquitofish Introductions in India ...................................... 205
Peru Loses Over Half of Glacial Coverage in Six Decades ............................................................. 206
India Plans Stricter Age Verification for Social Media ..................................................................... 207
Delhi Motor Vehicles Licensing of Aggregator (Premium Buses) Scheme, 2023 .................... 207
Himachal Pradesh Takes a Technological Leap in Education with Vidya Samiksha Kendra
............................................................................................................................................................... 208
25th Meeting of the National Oil Spill Disaster Contingency Plan ............................................... 209
Bacterial Memory Unveiled: E. Coli's Remarkable Recall Abilities ................................................. 210
India-Australia RISE Accelerator Aims to Boost Circular Economy Startups .............................. 211
James Webb Space Telescope Uncovers "Teenage" Galaxies in Cosmic Adolescence .............. 212
Space Travel May Pose Risk of Erectile Dysfunction, Rat Study Suggests .................................. 213
Deformable Mirrors in Space Telescopes: Enabling Precise Exoplanet Imaging ........................ 214
New Genus and Species of Silesaur Unearthed in Brazil ................................................................. 214
Ten New Trilobite Species Unearthed in Thailand ........................................................................... 215
Indian Navy and DRDO Achieve Milestone in Indigenous Naval Anti-Ship Missile Trials ...... 216
November 25, 2023 ......................................................................................................................................... 217
Rahul Gandhi Faces Election Commission Notice for "Panauti" Remark ..................................... 217
Indian Named the Chair of International Sugar Organisation for 2024 ...................................... 218
High-Energy Particle "Amaterasu" ........................................................................................................ 219
November 27, 2023 ........................................................................................................................................ 220
Union Minister Inaugurates International Seminar in Bhubaneswar ............................................ 220
Prime Minister Narendra Modi's Historic Tejas Jet Flight ............................................................... 221
Inauguration of Hamfest India 2023 .................................................................................................... 222
Neanderthals' Speech Capacities Revealed .......................................................................................... 222
Exclusion of CERT-In from RTI Ambit ............................................................................................... 223
Government Announces Mandatory Blending of Compressed Biogas (CBG) in CGD Sector
............................................................................................................................................................... 224
India and US to Simplify Antiquities Return Process with Cultural Property Agreement ........ 225
Basic Animal Husbandry Statistics 2023 Report ............................................................................... 226
Assam Government, NDDB Sign MoU for the Holistic Development of Dairy Sector ........... 226
The Hidden Costs of Extreme Weather: Long-Term Impact on Economies .............................. 227
Ayushman Bharat Health and Wellness Centres to be Renamed as 'Ayushman Arogya Mandir'
............................................................................................................................................................... 228
Salmonella Outbreak Linked to Cantaloupes: One Dead, 17 Hospitalized in Canada .............. 229
Unraveling History: Diphtheria's Cinematic Role in Ridley Scott's Napoleon ............................. 230
November 28, 2023 ......................................................................................................................................... 231
National Event Launching Anganwadi Protocol for Divyang Children ......................................... 231
Launching the “Guide on Gender-Inclusive Communication” ....................................................... 232
Rat-Hole Mining: A Risky Rescue Method in Uttarkashi Tunnel Collapse .................................. 232
Malaysia Grants Visa-Free Entry to Indians ........................................................................................ 233
Farlowichnus rapidus Discovered in Brazil ......................................................................................... 234
UK Confirms First Human Case of Swine Flu Strain ....................................................................... 235
Bharat Tex 2024: A Showcase of India's Textile Powerhouse Aspirations ................................. 235
Australia Plans to Regulate Digital Payment Services Like Apple Pay and Google Pay ............ 236
Irish Author Paul Lynch Clinches 2023 Booker Prize for 'Prophet Song' .................................. 237
Bihar's Call for Special Category Status (SCS) .................................................................................. 238
Butterfly Migration in Tamil Nadu: Below-Par Phenomenon Raises Concerns ......................... 239
28th European Union Film Festival (EUFF) of India ........................................................................ 240
UK's Colonial History Doubles Its Historical Emissions in Global Heating ................................. 241
Indian Army to Acquire 200 Mounted Howitzers in Border Areas Modernization ................. 242
WHO Highlights Alarming Rates of Violence Against Women Globally ..................................... 243
Boita Bandana: Commemorating Odisha's Maritime Heritage ...................................................... 244
November 29, 2023 ........................................................................................................................................ 244
Krishnaveni Sangeetha Neerajanam Prequel Event .......................................................................... 244
4th ASEAN India Grassroots Innovation Forum .............................................................................. 245
India Launches First Tranche Auction of Critical and Strategic Minerals ................................... 246
NDA Expo Autumn Term 2023 .......................................................................................................... 247
Crest of Yard 12706 (Imphal) Project 15B Stealth Guided Missile Destroyer ........................... 248
Revisiting History: Women as Hunters in Prehistoric Societies ..................................................... 249
Diplomatic Tensions Rise Over Parthenon Sculptures: Greece and UK Clash ........................... 250
IUCN's Comprehensive Conservation Action Plans for Threatened Pollinator Groups in Europe
............................................................................................................................................................... 250
Zimbabwe to Construct First Utility-Scale Geothermal Energy Independent Power Producer
(IPP) ..................................................................................................................................................... 251
Climate Finance Update: $89.6 Billion in 2021, Doubts Over $100 Billion Goal ...................... 252
Rising Toll of Disasters in India: A Year in Review ........................................................................... 253
Harnessing Pressmud for Sustainable Energy in India's Sugar Industry ...................................... 254
Raas Mahotsav in Majuli ......................................................................................................................... 255
Concerns Rise Over Unusual Syphilis Cases: Potential New Bacterial Strain .............................. 256
AstroSat Space Telescope Detects 600th Gamma-Ray Burst ....................................................... 257
Navigating the Currency Demand Paradox: RBI Paper Emphasizes Cybersecurity and Customer
Protection ........................................................................................................................................... 258
The Legacy and Global Impact of World Expos: A Glimpse into the 2030 Bidding Contest
............................................................................................................................................................... 258
Investments of $13.5 Trillion Needed for Sustainable Transition by 2050, Says WEF Report
............................................................................................................................................................... 259
Saurauia Punduana: A Rare Discovery in Manipur .......................................................................... 260
Launch of the Centre of Data for Public Good (CDPG) ................................................................. 261
November 30, 2023 ........................................................................................................................................ 262
Cabinet Approval for Pradhan Mantri Janjati Adivasi Nyaya Maha Abhiyan (PM JANMAN)
............................................................................................................................................................... 262
Sixteenth Finance Commission's Terms of Reference ..................................................................... 262
Continuation of Fast Track Special Courts ........................................................................................ 263
Empowering Women in Agriculture: Central Sector Scheme for Drones .................................. 264
Consumer Protection Alert: Safety Notice on Acid Purchase through E-commerce Platforms
............................................................................................................................................................... 266
Indian Coast Guard Ship Sajag's Three-Day Visit to Oman .......................................................... 267
Indian Navy's Operational Demonstration at Sindhudurg Fort ..................................................... 268
"La Fiancée Hesitante": Unveiling the 19th-Century Portrait of Female Rage ............................ 268
China Dominates New Coal Plant Construction in 2023, Says Global Energy Monitor ......... 269
India Requires $101 Billion Investment to Achieve Tripled Renewable Energy Targets: Report
............................................................................................................................................................... 270
World’s 1st Transatlantic Flight Using 100% Green Fuels Takes Off ........................................... 271
Unveiling the Mystery of STEVE: Not Your Average Aurora ........................................................ 272
Alarming Rise in Suicide Cases Grips the United States .................................................................. 273
ILO Report Highlights Deadly Consequences of Overworking Worldwide ............................... 274
Historic Milestone: Nepal Officially Registers First Same-Sex Marriage ..................................... 274
Unveiling the Swift Spin of Sagittarius A ............................................................................................ 275
News Headlines
November 1, 2023
Here are Today’s News Headlines by GK Today for November 1, 2023
INDIA
Politicians and journalists say they received alerts from the tech giant Apple that
their devices were being targeted by ‘state-sponsored attackers’.
Tamil Nadu moves Supreme Court against Governor Ravi over delay in clearing Bills.
The National Medical Commission (NMC), is all set to launch its “one nation, one
registration platform”.
India, along with other South Asian and South East Asian countries, will choose
between candidates from Bangladesh and Nepal for the post of WHO Regional
Director.
The Indian Air Force (IAF), phased out one more MiG-21 fighter squadron, the No. 4
squadron based at Uttarlai, and is re-equipping it with SU-30MKIs.
The Army’s Light Combat Helicopter (LCH) Prachand successfully carried out
inaugural firing of 70 mm rockets and 20 mm turret guns.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
Supreme Court flags possibility of electoral bonds being used to trade favours.
India’s gross tax receipts, comprising both direct and indirect taxes, increased by
16.3 per cent to Rs 16.19 trillion on an annual basis in the first half of 2023–24.
Ministry of corporate affairs brought into force a provision to allow certain public
companies to issue a class of securities for listing on foreign bourses.
WORLD
Canada bans WeChat app and Kaspersky on government phones.
50 people were killed in Israeli air strike on refugee camp in Gaza.
China is set to build new Sri Lanka refinery as rival bidder pulls out.
SPORTS
Pakistan defeated Bangladesh by seven wickets and recorded its third victory to stay
in the World Cup semifinal race.
Lionel Messi won the eighth Ballon d’Or of his career, while Spain’s World Cup-
winning star Aitana Bonmati took the women’s prize.
November 2, 2023
INDIA
Kozhikode And Gwalior have been declared Creative Cities of Literature and Music By
UNESCO.
UPSC tightens norms for Director General of Police (DGP) appointments.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his Bangladeshi counterpart Sheikh Hasina jointly
inaugurated key rail link between Tripura’s Nischintapur and Gangasagar, 65-km
Khulna-Mongla Port Rail Line, and Unit 2 of the Maitree Super Thermal Power Plant
in Bangladesh’s Rampal.
A leopard, which had been wandering in Bengaluru, succumbed to injuries it
sustained from a gunshot fired by Forest Department personnel.
IRDAI constitutes taskforce to review existing Bancassurance framework.
India and Sri Lanka re-launch negotiations of the Economic and Technology
Cooperation Agreement (ETCA).
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
October gross GST collections climb to ₹1.72 lakh crore, rising at a 10-month high
pace of 13.4%.
Record number of over 7.85 cr Income Tax returns were filed till October 31: CBDT
data.
India’s UPI transactions scale new high in October; clock Rs 17.2 trillion in value.
RBI appoints Manoranjan Mishra as Executive Director effective from November 1.
WORLD
Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina’s daughter, Saima Wazed, was elected
Regional Director of the World Health Organization’s South-East Asia region.
Indian-born author Nandini Das has been named the winner of the 2023 British
Academy Book Prize for Global Cultural Understanding.
Politicians and tech leaders gathered in the U.K. for the first Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Safety Summit.
Iran urges Muslim countries to halt trade with Israel; Bolivia cuts ties with Israel.
SPORTS
Paris Masters 2023: Tsitsipas beats Zverev to qualify for ATP Finals.
National Games: A.B. Arun wins triple jump gold and breaks record.
November 3, 2023
INDIA
Union Minister of Ports, Shipping and Waterways, Sarbananda Sonowal launches the
domestic sailing of the first International Cruise Liner ‘COSTA SERENA’ in India at
Mumbai.
Department of Chemicals and Petrochemicals organises 5th Edition of ICC
Sustainability Conclave 2023.
Defence Minister Shri Rajnath Singh inaugurates ‘India Manufacturing Show’ in
Bengaluru.
ECI signs MoU with the Ministry of Education to bring Electoral Literacy to
Classrooms across the country.
Kerala government moves Supreme Court against Governor over pending Bills.
NCERT to introduce electoral literacy content in textbooks.
Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) has sent notice to tech
giant Apple about ‘state-sponsored attacks’ alert on iPhones.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
Energy Efficiency Services Limited (EESL), launched its groundbreaking National
Efficient Cooking Programme (NECP) and Energy Efficient Fans Programme (EEFP).
People can send their Rs 2,000 banknotes to specified regional offices of the Reserve
Bank through the insured post for credit in their bank accounts.
WORLD
U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken and U.S. Defence Secretary Lloyd Austin will
travel to New Delhi next week for the India-US ‘2+2’ meeting.
U.N: International funding for climate resilience in developing countries slumped in
2021 despite increasingly ferocious impacts.
More than 1,65,000 Afghans fled Pakistan in the month since its government ordered
1.7 million people to leave or face arrest and deportation.
Israeli troops advanced toward Gaza City, as the Palestinian death toll rose above
9,000.
SPORTS
India beats Sri Lanka by 302 runs, in ICC Men’s Cricket World Cup.
Cricket: Nepal and Oman qualify for T20 World Cup 2024.
November 4, 2023
INDIA
The Karnataka Health Department, is closely monitoring the situation after a
mosquito pool in Thalakayalbetta village was found to be positive for Zika.
Andhra Pradesh Cabinet has cleared a proposal to take up a comprehensive caste-
based census in the State.
A strong earthquake of magnitude 6.4 hit Nepal sending waves of tremors across
parts of North India.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi discussed the West Asia situation with the President
of the UAE.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the second edition of the Mega food
event ‘World Food India 2023’ in New Delhi.
The 7th edition of Ganga Utsav was organized by National Mission for Clean Ganga
in New Delhi.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
The Finance Ministry has offered an amnesty scheme for filing appeals against
Goods and Services Tax (GST) demand orders.
Overall Coal production in October 2023 touches 78.65 Million Tonnes.
Net new female staff additions under EPFO rise 120 per cent to 2.8 million.
WORLD
Bhutan’s fourth parliamentary elections set to be held in January.
Russian President Vladimir Putin signs a Bill, revoking Russia’s ratification of global
nuclear test ban.
Storm Ciaran hits north-west Europe with torrential rains and winds up to 200
kilometres per hour.
India and Italy sign Mobility and Migration Partnership Agreement to facilitate
movement of workers, students.
SPORTS
Olympian Srihari Nataraj finished the 37th National Games with eight golds,
including four in the team relays.
Akshay Bohra wins India’s first-ever F4 championship at Indian Racing Festival in
Chennai.
November 5, 2023
INDIA
Union government’s scheme to provide 5 kg of free foodgrains every month to 80
crore Indians, will be extended for another five years.
Somanath, Chairman of Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), said that he was
withdrawing the publication of his Malayalam memoir.
The Indian Navy’s Ilyushin-38 Sea Dragon Long Range Maritime Patrol aircraft bid
farewell after 46 years of glorious service to the nation.
First Australia India Education and Skill Council (AIESC) meeting to be held tomorrow
at IIT Gandhinagar.
Defence ministry approves Extension of rules for Maternity, Child Care and Child
Adoption Leaves for women soldiers, sailors and air warriors in the Armed Forces at
par with their officer counterparts.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
‘Oligopolies’ control over rare earths is key green transition snag’: Chief Economic
Advisor V. Anantha Nageswaran.
Union Ministry of Power urged central and state public-sector power-generating
companies and state power departments to take up insolvent assets.
Intel announced collaboration with eight Indian electronics manufacturing services
(EMS) companies for their laptop manufacturing projects in India.
WORLD
At least 157 people were killed and over 160 injured when a powerful 6.4 magnitude
earthquake, the worst since 2015, which has hit Nepal.
President Volodymyr Zelensky denied that Ukraine’s war with Russia had reached a
“stalemate”.
Israel’s military strikes kill multiple civilians at shelters in Gaza Strip.
Pakistan’s military said its forces killed nine armed men who attacked an air force
training base.
SPORTS
ICC Men’s Cricket World Cup: Australia defeats England by 33-runs. This is their sixth
defeat in eight matches.

India junior hockey team edged Pakistan 6-5 to bag the bronze medal at the Sultan
of Johor Cup.
November 6, 2023
INDIA
Information Commissioner Heeralal Samariya was sworn-in as the Chief Information
Commissioner.
Eastern Naval Command performed Aerial seeding of 50,000 seed balls using Indian
Navy helicopters from INS Dega, Visakhapatnam.
The entertainment channel COLORS has collaborated with the Ministry of Women
and Child Development to support the Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao initiative.
Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) launches “Women for Water, Water
for Women Campaign” under its flagship scheme AMRUT.
IIT Madras Zanzibar, the Africa Campus, is to be inaugurated today.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology blocked 22 illegal betting apps
and websites including Mahadev Book on request on Enforcement Directorate.
At 48 hours a week, Indians 6th most hardworking globally: ILO data.
WORLD
Israeli warplanes struck two refugee camps in the Gaza Strip, killing at least 53
people and wounding dozens.
Top oil exporters Saudi Arabia and Russia confirmed that they would continue with
their additional voluntary oil output cuts.
Russia said it had successfully test-launched an intercontinental ballistic missile
capable of carrying nuclear warheads from one of its submarines.
Poppy cultivation and opium production have plunged 95% in Afghanistan since
Taliban authorities banned the crop: UN Report.
SPORTS
Virat Kohli equals record of Indian cricket legend Sachin Tendulkar at 49 ODI
centuries; also becomes the second batter, after Sachin Tendulkar (6976), to score
6000 runs in ODIs in India.
Ravindra Jadeja joins Yuvraj as India spinner with a World Cup five wicket haul.
Women’s Asian Champions Hockey Trophy: India dethrones Japan to gain title.
November 7, 2023
INDIA
Governors delaying crucial Bills a matter of concern, says the Supreme Court.
India and Bhutan to discuss new routes of regional connectivity.
Parliamentary Committee on Home Affairs adopted three reports on the Bills that
seek to replace the existing criminal laws.
Collegium headed by Chief Justice of India D.Y. Chandrachud recommended the

Chief Justices of three High Courts for appointment to the apex court.
Amarnath shrine in Kashmir located at an altitude of 13,000 feet sees first vehicular
movement.
54th International Film Festival of India to be held from 20th to 28th November in
Goa.
Jharkhand will enter into an agreement with nine states for the welfare of migrant
workers.
A Recent study finds new flexible X-ray detectors can revolutionise cancer treatment.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
Ashok Leyland Ltd. (ALL) commenced delivery of India’s first batch of 12 LNG-
powered haulage trucks – AVTR 1922.
APEDA inks MoU with Lulu Hypermarket for export promotion of Indian agricultural-
products.
Department of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare (DA&FW) in collaboration with
Wadhwani AI developed Krishi 24/7, first-ever AI-powered solution for automated
agricultural news analysis.
Government rolls out subsidised ‘Bharat Atta’ at Rs 27.50/kg.
WORLD
Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese met Chinese President Xi Jinping in
Beijing.
Nobel Peace Prize laureate Narges Mohammadi goes on hunger strike.
Israeli forces cut off northern Gaza from the rest of the besieged territory; death toll
passes 10000.
SPORTS
World No. 1 Novak Djokovic clinches record-extending seventh Paris Masters title.
Chess: Vaishali and Vidit Gujrathi win FIDE Grand Swiss women’s and open titles.
Chess: Vaishali, along with her younger brother Praggnanandhaa, became the first
brother-sister duo to qualify for the respective Candidates.
November 8, 2023
INDIA
Mizoram recorded more than 76% polling while about 71% of voters exercised their
franchise in the 20 Assembly seats of Chhattisgarh.
Supreme Court: Guidelines needed to protect journalists’ digital privacy.
Bihar seeks to raise reservation to 65% for caste groups as per their population.
After viral video, IT Ministry issues warning to social media sites on deepfakes.
High Energy L1 Orbiting X-ray Spectrometer (HEL1OS) payload, onboard the Aditya-
L1 spacecraft, has captured the first glimpse of solar flares.
India successfully test-fires surface-to-surface short-range ballistic missile (SRBM)
‘Pralay’ off Odisha coast.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
Billionaire Binny Bansal is launching an AI-as-a-service startup that will target global
customers.
IBM partners with AWS to launch GenAI-focussed innovation lab in India.
India’s patent applications jump by 31.6%, as per the latest study released recently
by the World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO).
Government clears early release of ₹72,961-crore State tax dues.
WORLD
7.5 million new cases of TB in 2022, shows WHO Global report; The net reduction
from 2015 to 2022 was 8.7%.
Britain’s King Charles III opened a new session of the country’s Parliament, unveiling
the legislative agenda of the Conservative government of Prime Minister Rishi Sunak.
NATO declares formal suspension of Cold War-era security treaty, in response to
Russia’s pullout from the deal.
SPORTS
Glenn Maxwell scored 201 runs as Australia snatched a three-wicket victory against
Afghanistan.
Poland’s Iga Swiatek thrashed Jessica Pegula to win the WTA Finals on Monday,
sealing her return to World No. 1.
November 9, 2023
INDIA
The Kerala government moved the Supreme Court for the second time against
Governor Arif Mohammed Khan.
As India’s G-20 Presidency comes to close, Prime Minister Modi to host Voice of
Global South Summit and G-20 Summit virtually.
Government pushes for Ombudsman for air travellers.
UGC announces regulations for operation of foreign universities in India.
Delhi would attempt to induce artificial rain to tackle the rising air pollution levels.
Union Home Ministry seeks Aadhaar authentication of prisoners and jail visitors.
India and Netherlands sign a Memorandum of Intent to cooperate on medical
product regulation, and enhancing the quality of medical products.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
Report: Nearly 74 per cent users in India are concerned about the unethical use of
artificial intelligence by companies.
India proposes slashing EV import taxes in UK free trade deal.
NPS: PFRDA to allow users to withdraw up to 60 per cent pension fund.
The U.S. International Development Finance Corporation (DFC) to invest USD 553
million in Adani’s Sri Lanka port terminal project.
WORLD
G-7 Foreign Ministers called for humanitarian pauses in the Israel-Hamas war to let
aid in and help the release of hostages.
IMF’s executive board approves 50% quota increase to strengthen resources.
Report: World will overshoot 2030 fossil fuel limit by twice over.
WHO acknowledges India’s success in declining TB incidence by 16% and TB
mortality reduction by 18% since 2015.
SPORTS
Shubman Gill and pacer Mohammed Siraj grabbed the top positions in the batting
and bowling charts respectively in the ICC ODI rankings.
The Indian compound women’s and mixed team won gold medals at the Asian
archery championships in Bangkok.
November 10, 2023
INDIA
Lok Sabha Ethics Committee adopted a report recommending the expulsion of
Trinamool Congress MP Mahua Moitra from the Lower House over a “cash-for-
query” allegation.
Bihar House passes Bill raising ceiling on caste quota to 65%.
Ban on online gambling won’t apply to poker, rummy: Madras High Court.
Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment announced 1% interest rate rebate
under NDFDC loan for timely repayment.
Indian seafarers were safely brought back from Iran onboard vessel ‘Advantage
Sweet’.
Ministry of Information and Broadcasting approves Comprehensive “Digital
Advertisement Policy, 2023”
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
India’s Index of Industrial Production (IIP) grows by 5.8 per cent in September 2023.
NHAI accepts First Insurance Surety Bond as Bid Security for NHAI TOT Bid for
Monetization.
Headline inflation remains vulnerable to recurring and overlapping food price
shocks, Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Governor Shaktikanta Das.
WORLD
Israel to begin four-hour pauses in northern Gaza.
U.S. warplanes carried out a strike on an Iran-linked weapons storage facility in
eastern Syria.
APEDA facilitates export of first trial shipment of banana to The Netherlands via sea.
SPORTS
Trent Boult became the first New Zealand bowler to claim 50 wickets in ODI World
Cup.
New Zealand moved ahead to grab the last World Cup semifinal spot with a five-
wicket win over Sri Lanka.
Maharashtra, with 228 medals including 80 golds, topped the medals table and took
the Raja Bhalindra Singh Trophy for the overall championship in the 37th National
Games.
November 11, 2023
INDIA
Supreme Court laid down that a Governor cannot sit on key Bills passed by a State
Legislature.
Arignar Anna Zoological Park (AAZP), Vandalur received a pair of Himalayan black
bears from the Jambu Zoo, Jammu and Kashmir.
Ministry of Information and Broadcasting released the draft Broadcasting Services
(Regulation) Bill, 2023.
‘Nayi Chetna – 2.0’ will be launched on the International Day for the Elimination of
Violence against Women-25 November.
Ministry of Corporate Affairs appointed 16-member inter-ministerial panel’s term
now extended up to December 31.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
India’s net direct tax collections grew 21.8% to ₹10.6 lakh crore by November 9;
nears 60% of target.
Enforcement Directorate seizes USD 3 million property from Hero MotoCorp’s
Munjal.
RBI deploys 81.43% of foreign currency assets in overseas securities.
11.5 crore PAN cards were deactivated after missing deadline for linking with
Aadhaar.
WORLD
Israel strikes target Gaza’s largest hospital compound; Gaza’s Hamas government
reports a death toll of 13.
Gaza crisis: India bats for two-state solution; India and the U.S. stand with Israel
against terrorism, as per a joint statement issued after the ‘2+2’ Ministerial meeting.
Northern Myanmar clash displaces almost 50,000 civilians, says UN.
U.S. approves first vaccine against chikungunya virus for those over 18.
SPORTS
International Cricket Council suspended its full-member Sri Lanka after observing
government interference in the national board.
India finishes Asian Archery Championships in Bangkok with seven medals
comprising three gold, a silver & three bronze.
November 12, 2023

INDIA
ONGC to begin exploration for rare earth elements in Kerala-Konkan basin.
Ayodhya made a world record when about 22.23 lakh earthen lamps were lit during
Deepotsav celebrations on the eve of Diwali.
India will host 33rd Conference of WOAH Regional Commission for Asia and Pacific at
New Delhi.
Karnataka aims to attract Rs 40,000 crore of investment in the areas of healthcare,
innovation, and knowledge sectors, besides creating 80,000 jobs in the proposed
KHIR City.
India’s health ministry issued an updated advisory on air pollution, recommending
that states consider city and district-level plans for schoolchildren and households.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
The government has relaxed the norms for various small savings schemes, including
the Public Provident Fund (PPF) and Senior Citizen’s Savings Scheme.
Direct tax collections witness robust growth with collection of Rs 12.37 lakh crore in
FY 2023-24, so far.
WORLD
Israeli troops encircled Gaza’s largest hospital where doctors said five patients died;
toll crosses 11,000.
Joint summit of the Arab League and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
was held in the Saudi capital Riyadh.
Over half of Sudan’s population needs humanitarian aid: UN.
Carlo Rovells, an Italian theoretical physicist claims that ‘Universe may have resulted
out of a Big Bounce’.
SPORTS
Racing: Alex Marquez wins Malaysian MotoGP sprint race.
Archery: Dhiraj Bommadevara won the country’s first archery quota for the 2024
Olympics in Paris.
November 13, 2023
INDIA
Kerala startup launches first e-health kiosk for better healthcare access.
A portion of a tunnel under construction on the Brahmakhal-Yamunotri national
highway in Uttarkashi district collapsed, trapping around 40 workers inside.
India voted in favour of a resolution in the UN General Assembly that condemns
Israeli settlement activities in the Occupied Palestinian Territory.
The ‘AAINA Dashboard for Cities’ portal was launched by Ministry of Housing and
Urban Affairs (MoHUA).
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
India’s Retail Inflation Drops To 4.87 Per Cent in October 2023.
Government e-Marketplace achieves landmark Gross Merchandise Value of ₹2 Lakh
Crore in less than eight months of FY 2023-24.
GoI and ADB sign $400 million loan to support urban services by creating high
quality urban infrastructure, improving service delivery, and promoting efficient
governance systems.
WORLD
US, South Korea and Japan agreed to start a new mechanism to share data on North
Korean missile launches.
Two prototype low-Earth orbit satellites made by Hon Hai Precision Industry, also
known as Foxconn, took off aboard a SpaceX rocket.
SPORTS
India beat Netherlands by 160 runs in ICC Men’s Cricket World Cup.
2023 Cricket World Cup: First Semi-Final between India and New Zealand; second
semifinal between Australia and South Africa.
November 14, 2023

INDIA
IQAir’s AQI Data: Delhi is the most polluted city in world; Mumbai and Kolkata were
among the top 10 in the list.
Centre extends UAPA ban on eight Meitei extremist organisations.
Centre asks States to use tracking devices on prison inmates released on parole.
COP28: Petroleum ministry warns against curbs on hydrocarbon investments.
Airgun Surrender Abhiyan initiative of Arunachal Pradesh selected as India’s best
success story on wildlife conservation to present in UNESCO’s International
Conference.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
Annual rate of inflation based on all India Wholesale Price Index (WPI) number
stands at (-) 0.52% for October 2023.
Nine states have recorded a higher rate of inflation compared to the national
average in October.
WORLD
Former UK leader David Cameron returned to the British government as Foreign
Secretary.
Some 1,400 Myanmar nationals took refuge in Champhai district of Mizoram.
Sri Lankan President Ranil Wickremesinghe unveiled the country’s Budget for the
fiscal year of 2024.
U.S. and South Korean defence chiefs updated a key military agreement against
nuclear-armed North Korea.
China and Pakistan are conducting the third edition of the Sea Guardian-3 bilateral
naval exercise in the northern Arabian Sea.
SPORTS
Former captain Diana Edulji became the first Indian woman cricketer to be inducted
into the ICC Hall of Fame.
Virender Sehwag and Sri Lankan World Cup winner Aravinda de Silva were made
members of ICC Hall of Fame.
K.L. Rahul recorded the fastest century (62 balls) by an Indian batter in the ODI
World Cup.
Tennis: Canada wins its maiden Billie Jean King Cup.
November 15, 2023

INDIA
Man from Bihar has been awarded death in Aluva child rape and murder case.
Parliamentary panel on criminal law Bill leaves decision on death penalty to Centre.
Election Commission of India (ECI) has asked political parties to submit details of
funds received by them through electoral bonds.
Bhai Dooj , a festival symbolizing the sacred relationship between brother and sister,
is celebrated today.
November 15 marks the Jharkhand Foundation Day. It was formed as the 28th state
on November 15, 2000.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
The government will invite bids for 20 critical mineral blocks, including lithium and
graphite mines.
Govt to exceed Rs 18.23 trillion full-year direct tax collection target: CBDT.
WORLD
Israel Army says it has seized Gaza parliament and other Hamas bodies.
Rajapaksa brothers violated public trust, rules Sri Lanka’s Supreme Court.
Clean energy overtakes fossil fuels in global job market: International Energy Agency
report.
SPORTS
Olympic and World champion javelin thrower Neeraj Chopra was shortlisted for
men’s ‘World Athlete of the Year’ award.
India and New Zealand plays the ODI World Cup semifinal in Mumbai.
November 16, 2023

INDIA
Communist veteran and freedom fighter N Sankaraiah passed away at the age of
101. He was one of the founding members of the Communist Party of India (Marxist).
Kashmir Saffron has been cultivated in a Kerala village, for the first time.
Indian Air Force C-130 J aircraft flew a heavy drilling machine from Delhi to
Chinyalisaur to bore a passage for the 40 workers trapped in the tunnel.
Prime Minister launches Viksit Bharat Sankalp Yatra, PM Janjati Adivasi Nyaya Maha
Abhiyan, PM JanMan from Jharkhand.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
Indian good exports grew 6.2 % in October 2023, imports jump 12.3% to a record
high of USD 65.03 billion.
Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) of CII launched a rating and certification
initiative ‘Nest’.
RBI barred Bajaj Finance from giving loans under 2 products.
WORLD
France issues international arrest warrants for Syrian President Bashar Assad and
others involved in war crimes.
UN World Meteorological Organisation warns that Greenhouse gases hit record high
in 2022.
China and the USA pledges to accelerate their efforts to address climate change
ahead of a major UN meeting.
Israel’s raid at Al Shifa hospital, the main hospital of Gaza, sparks international
condemnation.
SPORTS
India enters the ODI World Cup Finals after recording its 10th consecutive win with a
70 run victory over New Zealand.
Virat Kohli hits 50 th ODI century, the highest by any cricketer; breaks Sachin
Tendulkar’s record. He also became the first batter to score 700 runs in an ODI World
Cup.
Mohammad Shami clinched seven wickets for 57 runs; emerges as the most
successful bowler in knock outs.
November 17, 2023

INDIA
A special session of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly has been convened to
readopt certain Bills returned to the government by Governor R.N. Ravi.
Madras High Court has created a record in disposal of cases by registering its
highest-ever Case Clearance Rate (CCR) of 114% in 2022 as against 109% in 2021.
Minister of Earth Sciences Kiren Rijiju will represent India at the swearing-in
ceremony of Maldives President-elect Mohamed Muizzu.
The three-day long Indo-Pacific Regional Dialogue 2023 concluded in New Delhi. This
is the annual apex-level regional strategic dialogue of the Indian Navy
The ninth edition of the Joint Military exercise “Exercise MITRA SHAKTI-2023”
between India and Sri Lanka has begun in Aundh (Pune).

The Department of Consumer Affairs conducted a stakeholder consultation to
develop a ‘Safety Pledge’ for e-commerce platforms.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
The government sells 2.84 lakh tonnes of wheat and 5,830 tonnes of rice from its
buffer stock to to control retail price.
India has cut the windfall tax on diesel and crude oil, according to a government
notification.
RBI raises risk weights on consumer credit exposure of banks and NBFCs to 125%.
WORLD
The UN Security Council has called for “extended humanitarian pauses” in the Gaza
Strip.
US and China agree to resume military communications following a rare meeting of
Presidents of US and China in California.
British Foreign Secretary David Cameron met with Ukrainian President Volodymyr
Zelenskyy.
Spain’s Lower House of Parliament voted to make Pedro Sanchez Prime Minister for
another term.
Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for Prosperity (IPEF) Supply Chain Agreement was
signed by the 14 IPEF Partners.
SPORTS
Australia enters the World Cup final clash with India after a three-wicket win over
South Africa in Kolkata.
Quinton de Kock becomes the only wicket-keeper to score more than 500 runs and
effect 20 dismissals in a single edition of a men’s World Cup.
Tennis: Jannik Sinner became the first Italian ever to reach the last four of the ATP
Finals.
Indian shuttler H.S. Prannoy lost the second round match against Chou Tien Chen of
Chinese Taipei at the Japan Masters Super 500 badminton tournament.
November 18, 2023
INDIA
Voter turnout crosses 74% in Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh elections.
Punjab and Haryana High Court quashed the Haryana government’s law
guaranteeing 75% reservation for local people in private sector jobs in the State.
Rescue work to reach the 40 trapped workers in the Uttarkashi tunnel has been
halted due to a technical snag in the drilling machine.
Senior IPS officer Alok Sharma was appointed Director of the Special Protection
Group (SPG).
WHO and the Ministry of Ayush signed the Traditional and Complementary Medicine
‘Project Collaboration Agreement’.
India conducted the second edition of the Voice of Global South Summit (VOGSS) in a
virtual format.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
Government approves 27 manufacturers under Production Linked Incentive scheme
(PLI) Scheme – 2.0 For IT Hardware.
UCO Bank says it recovered about 79% of the money that was erroneously credited
to some of its accounts via the Immediate Payment Service (IMPS).
India’s market for technical textiles is targeted to touch USD 40 billion by 2030 from
the current USD 23 billion: Ministry of Textiles.
WORLD
‘Hallucinate’ is the Cambridge Dictionary’s Word of the Year for 2023.
In 2022, an estimated 11 lakh children in India missed their vital first dose of the
measles vaccine: CDC-WHO Report.
The ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter mission by the European Space Agency (ESA),
observed a luminous Martian night sky in the optical spectrum.
NASA’s Deep Space Optical Communications (DSOC) experiment successfully
transmitted and received data beyond the Moon using a near-infrared laser.
United States and the Philippines signed an agreement that permits Washington to
export nuclear technology and material to Manila.
SPORTS
Carlos Alacraz sets up an semi-final meeting with Novak Djokovic after beating Daniil
Medvedev and topping the Red Group.
Jannik Sinner defeated Daniil Medvedev to become the first Italian man to reach the
summit clash at the ATP Finals.
India’s Rohan Bopanna and his Australian partner Matthew Ebden suffered a
straight-sets defeat in the semifinals of the ATP Finals men’s doubles event.
November 19, 2023

INDIA
The Tamil Nadu Assembly, in a Special Session, again passed 10 Bills for which
Governor R.N. Ravi had earlier withheld assent.
Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC) bagged the SKOCH National
Award – 2023 for its ₹1 crore accident relief Sarige Suraksha Insurance Scheme.
FSSAI launched the Food Safety Compliance System (FoSCoS) portal in multiple
regional languages.
Tamil writer Perumal Murugan has won the coveted JCB Prize for Literature for his
novel, Fire Bird, an English translation of his Tamil novel Aalandapatchi.
Uttar Pradesh government has banned labelling halal on eatables such as dairy
products, sugar, bakery items, peppermint oil, savouries and edible oil.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
Former Governor of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) S. Venkitaramanan (92), passed
away.
Multilateral development banks’ reforms are incomplete without similar reforms at
IMF: Niti Aayog’s Suman Bery.
India’s import of personal computers, including laptops and tablets, shot up in
September by 42 per cent to USD 715 million.
WORLD
Nicaragua’s Sheynnis Palacios has been crowned Miss Universe for the year 2023.
Maldives President Mohamed Muizzu requests India to withdraw military personnel.
U.S. President Joe Biden and Mexican President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador
pledged to work together to tackle the fentanyl and migration crises.
SpaceX’s Starship makes progress as booster separated from the spaceship, but
both exploded.
SPORTS
Football: Kylian Mbappé scored a hat trick as France defeated Gibraltar 14-0 at Euro
2024 Qualifiers.
Tennis ATP Finals 2023: Djokovic defeats Alcaraz to set up title match against Jannik
Sinner.
Football Euro 2024 Qualifiers: Netherlands, Switzerland, Romania teams qualify.
November 20, 2023
INDIA
After 41 workers have been trapped in an under-construction tunnel that collapsed
in Uttarkashi, authorities have decided to a create a ‘canopy’.
The Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, Disarmament and Development, 2022 was jointly
awarded to the Indian Medical Association and the Trained Nurses Association of
India.
Kerala government filed an additional affidavit to strengthen its case in the Supreme
Court against Governor Arif Mohammed Khan for delaying decisions on Bills passed
by the Assembly.
Animation film on Ahom warrior has been selected for the Indian Panorama section
of the International Film Festival of India (IFFI) 2023.
Researchers at the Indian Institute of Millet Research (ICAR-IIMR) have developed a
process and relevant technologies to make rice ‘millets’.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
Finance ministry asks state-owned banks to take measures to bolster cybersecurity.
411 infra projects show cost overruns of Rs 4.31 lakh crore in October: MoSPI Report.
EPFO disburses Rs 48,000 crore Covid advance to over 22 million subscribers in 3
years.
WORLD
Israel, the United States and Hamas reached a tentative agreement to free dozens of
women and children held hostage in Gaza in exchange for a five-day pause in
fighting.
More than 500 Rohingya refugees land in Indonesia from Myanmar.
Developed nations must mobilise USD 100 bn for climate financing: OECD.
SPORTS
Cricket: Australia defeats India in the final and wins the ODI World Cup for the sixth
time.
World champion Max Verstappen claimed the 18th win of his record-breaking
season, with victory in the Las Vegas Grand Prix.
Defending champion Haryana records a 22-1 win over Gujarat in a Pool A match of
the Hockey India-13th Senior National men’s hockey championship.
Badminton World No. 1 Viktor Axelsen won his first title since September as he
captures the inaugural Kumamoto Masters title.
November 21, 2023
INDIA
The Supreme Court took note of the Tamil Nadu government’s argument and said
Governor can’t withhold re-passed Bills.
At least 45 mechanised fishing boats were gutted after fire broke out at the jetty in
the fishing harbour next to the Visakhapatnam port.
Union Minister Anurag Singh Thakur inaugurated the 54th International Film Festival
of India (IFFI).
Union Health Ministry invited comments from the public and stakeholders on the
proposed National Pharmacy Commission Bill, 2023.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
India’s spending on subsidies and the rural employment guarantee scheme are
expected to rise ahead of the 2024 Lok Sabha elections: Goldman Sachs Report.
TAFE launches electric, hydrogen powered tractors for Europe.
India’s October gold imports surged 60% from a year earlier to a 31-month high.
Blue Dart sets up digital parcel locker service at post offices under a partnership with
India Post.
WORLD
For Australia and India, China is the biggest trading partner, and China is the
‘biggest security anxiety’ said Australian Deputy Prime Minister.
Controversial economist and Far-right populist Javier Milei has won Argentina’s
presidential elections.
Israeli forces pressed their offensive against Hamas in northern Gaza as babies were
evacuated to Egypt.
SPORTS
Rohit Sharma was on Monday named the captain of the ICC’s Team of the
Tournament after the conclusion of the World Cup.
Virat Kohli was crowned the ‘Fielder-of-the-Match’ award after India missed out on
the World Cup title.
November 22, 2023
INDIA
The first visuals of the 41 workers trapped inside the Silkyara tunnel emerged after
an endoscopic camera was sent in.
SATHEE (Self-Assessment Test and Help for Entrance Exams) online coaching
platform has been launched by the Ministry and the IIT-Kanpur.
UGC set to constitute expert committee to update syllabi of National Eligibility Test
for Junior Research Fellowship and appointment as assistant professors.
“Vajra Prahar 2023”: Joint exercise of Indian, U.S. forces begins in Meghalaya.
India has begun work on development of biofortified seeds for pulses, wheat,
mustard and millets as well as fruits and vegetables.
Deoghar Airport in Jharkhand is the first airport in the country to land a commercial
aircraft in low visibility.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
Inflation still remains a key risk to growth, Finance Ministry issues caution.
To mark 25 years of its operations in India, Toyota Kirloskar Motor (TKM) announced
a fresh investment of ₹3,300 crore to set up a new plant (Plant 3) in Karnataka.
Chennai-based Unifi Capital gets SEBI nod to start mutual fund business.
WORLD
Ahead of the 15th anniversary of 26/11 Mumbai terror attacks, Israel listed Lashkar-
e-Taiba as a terror outfit.
At BRICS virtual summit, Chinese President Xi Jinping calls for immediate ceasefire in
Gaza.
UN Environment Programme released Emissions Gap report; World racing well past
warming limit.
U.S. and Philippine troops began joint maritime and air patrols in the South China
Sea.
SPORTS
Football: Qatar defeats India 3-1 in the Group A’s second-round match of the FIFA
World Cup 2026 and Asian Cup 27 qualifiers.
Indian cueist Pankaj Advani wins the IBSF World Billiards Championship title for 26th
time, beating compatriot Sourav Kothari in the final.
Satwiksairaj Rankireddy and Chirag Shetty were nominated for the Player Year of the
Award by the Badminton World Federation (BWF).
Reigning champion Italy secured its ticket for Euro 2024.
November 23, 2023

INDIA
Tamil Nadu government has issued an order to form an anti-terrorism squad (ATS) in
the State.
Award-winning Malayalam writer P. Valsala, 85, passed away.
India resumes e-visa services for Canadians as situation improves.
Indian government is developing a carbon credit trading scheme to help the country
meet its net-zero goals.
Karnataka is coming up with a plan of introducing a tiger safari zone in the
southernmost district of Chamarajanagar.
Tantalum, a scarce metallic element characterized by its atomic number 73, was
discovered recently in Sutlej.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
RBI Governor Shaktikanta Das has cautioned banks and NBFCs against being over-
reliant on algorithms and model-based credit appraisal and lending.
India asked private firms to ramp up investments in new coal-fired power plants.
Kazakhstan has invited India to invest in Astana Hub, an international tech park.
WORLD
Israel and Hamas agree to four-day ceasefire in Gaza.
North Korea claimed to have successfully placed a spy satellite into orbit with its third
launch attempt this year,
China announced that Premier Li Qiang will attend the virtual G-20 Leaders’ Summit
at India’s invitation.
U.K. government unveils voter-friendly Budget with elections approaching.
SPORTS
India claims nine medals and tops standings at the Asian Para Archery
Championships.
India and Australia gear up for five-match T20 international series.
November 24, 2023

INDIA
The Supreme Court lays down that the Governor holds no veto power over Bills.
Tamil Nadu is set to launch a novel scheme Ungalai Thedi, Ungal Ooril (In your town,
looking for you), to redress the grievances of the general public.
CWRC directs Karnataka to ensure flow in the Cauvery to the tune of 3,216 cusecs for
38 days from November 24.
Rescue operations at the Silkyara tunnel in Uttarkashi of Uttarakhand were delayed
for hours as the drilling machine ran into an iron lattice girder.
Fathima Beevi, first woman judge in the Supreme Court, passed away.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
India’s AI regulator could function like financial regulator SEBI: PMEAC member
Sanjiv Sanyal.
L&T Finance signs financing pact with ADB for USD 125 million to support rural
borrowers.
WORLD
WHO asks China for more info on rise in illnesses and pneumonia clusters.
The party of anti-Islam populist Geert Wilders won a huge general election victory in
the Netherlands.
A U.S. warship patrolling the Red Sea intercepted multiple attack drones launched
from Huthi-controlled areas in Yemen.
A four-day ceasefire in Gaza between Israel and Hamas will begin on Friday morning.
SPORTS
Cricket: India beat Australia by two wickets in the first T20I in the five-match T20I
series opener.
H.S. Prannoy, and pair of Satwiksairaj Rankireddy and Chirag Shetty entered the
quarterfinals in their respective events at the China Masters badminton tournament.
Union Sports Minister Anurag Thakur has announced the conduct of the inaugural
Khelo India Para Games in the Capital from December 10 to 17.
November 25, 2023
INDIA
Prime Minister Narendra Modi initiates process of setting up a committee for sub-
categorisation of the Madiga community within the Scheduled Castes, in Telangana.
Union government exempts Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In) from
the ambit of the Right to Information Act (RTI).
2,500 kg of halal-certified products seized in Uttar Pradesh.
Odisha withdraws move to allow transfer of tribal land.
Union Health Ministry has made available generic drugs to treat four rare diseases.
India and European Union sign pact to build semiconductor supply chain.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) on Friday superseded the board of directors of
Abhyudaya Cooperative Bank.
CRISIL Report: Falling recovery rates and increase in the average resolution time hit
success of Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC).
India will struggle to raise even half the proceeds it targeted from planned sales of
state-run firms this year and will miss divestment targets for the fifth straight year.
WORLD
Afghanistan Embassy in Delhi has permanently closed down, effective from
November 23.
Israel released 39 Palestinian prisoners in line with a cease-fire deal that saw 13
Israeli hostages freed by militants in Gaza.
North Korea successfully placed a military spy satellite “Malligyong-1” into orbit.
World Health Organisation (WHO) confirmed sexual transmission of mpox, or
monkeypox, in Congo for the first time.
Citizens of France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain and Malaysia will be
allowed to enter China for up to 15 days without a visa.
SPORTS
World No. 1 Novak Djokovic steered Serbia into the Davis Cup semifinals as he beat
Cameron Norrie 6-4, 6-4 to secure a 2-0 triumph over Great Britain.
Satwiksairaj Rankireddy and Chirag Shetty stormed into the men’s doubles semifinal
at the China Masters Super 750 badminton tournament.
November 26, 2023

INDIA
National Disaster Management Authority says that the Silkyara tunnel rescue is
‘dangerous’ and may take a ‘long time’.
Rajasthan recorded a voter turnout of 71.64% in the Assembly election.
At least four persons were killed and around 50 injured in a stampede in Cochin
University
Captain M.V. Pranjal, 28, who was killed in an encounter with terrorists in Jammu and
Kashmir, was cremated with state and military honours, in Bengaluru.
Indian Army finalises ammunition requirement for 10 years. About 85% of the
ammunition requirement has been indigenised.
Supreme Court, in a 27-page judgment, has clarified that the rejection of a Bill by a
Governor does not mean its death.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
Indian firm Merlinhawk Aerospace signed a joint venture agreement with Italy’s
Vega Composites to establish a manufacturing and design facility in the Tamil Nadu
defence corridor.
Securities & Exchange Board of India (SEBI) approved a regulatory framework for
Index Providers.
India announces phased introduction of biogas blending.
Indian Immunologicals (IIL) has unveiled measles and rubella vaccine Mabella for
children.
The international air passenger traffic touched 1,06,827 on November 24, the highest
level post the pandemic.
WORLD
WHO: Misuse of antibiotics is denting their efficacy and spawning resistant bacteria
which could be responsible for 10 million deaths worldwide by 2050.
China began military exercises along its border with Myanmar and urged its citizens
to leave the north of that country.
Hamas said that it was delaying the release of a second group of Israeli hostages in
exchange for Palestinian prisoners until Israel complies with a truce agreement.
Ukraine said it had downed 71 Russian attack drones overnight, in what Kyiv
authorities said was the biggest attack on the capital since the start of the invasion.
SPORTS
Badminton: Star Indian duo of Satwiksairaj Rankireddy and Chirag Shetty progresses
to the men’s doubles final at the China Masters.
Tamil Nadu defeats Uttar Pradesh 3-2 and enter the semifinals of Hockey India 13th
Senior National men’s championship.
November 27, 2023
INDIA
Uttarkashi: Rescuers began vertical drilling above the tunnel and has set a 100-hour
target.
Union Health Ministry directed the State governments to closely monitor cases of
influenza-like illness (ILI) and severe acute respiratory illness (SARI).
V.K. Pandian, the Tamil Nadu born former IAS officer and closest aide of Odisha Chief
Minister Naveen Patnaik, formally joined the Biju Janata Dal.
President Droupadi Murmu called for the setting up of an all-India judicial service.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi will attend the World Climate Action Summit (WCAS)
in Dubai.
Uttar Pradesh government has given outlet chains, retailers and department stores
15 days to withdraw any halal-certified food items.
Union Government has decided to rename the existing Ayushman Bharat Health and
Wellness Centres (AB-HWCs) as ‘Ayushman Arogya Mandir’.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
SEBI will look into the high valuation of IPOs: Chairperson Madhabi Puri Buch.
LIC is exploring possibility of setting up fintech arm says, Chairman Mohanty
WORLD
Hamas militants freed 17 more hostages, including 14 Israelis, in a third set of
releases under a cease-fire deal.
Respiratory illnesses is caused by the flu and other known pathogens and not by a
novel virus: China.
An ethnic minority armed group in Myanmar has seized control from the country’s
ruling junta of a border crossing to China.
SPORTS
India beats Australia by 44 runs in the second T20I match and takes a 2-0 lead.
Verstappen clinches 19th win of F1 season in the Abu Dhabi GP.
Union Sports Minister Anurag Singh Thakur unveiled ‘Ujjwala’ – a sparrow, as the
mascot for the Khelo India Para Games 2023.

Ramkumar Ramanathan beats national champion Siddharth Vishwakarma in the final
of the $25,000 ITF men’s tennis tournament.
Badminton: Satwik-Chirag duo loses to Liang-Wang in China Masters 2023 final.
November 28, 2023

INDIA
Chief Justice of India (CJI) DY Chandrachud launched ‘FASTER 2.0’ portal.
Civilians experienced in rat-hole mining are assisting the Madras Sappers of Indian
Army in the Silkyara tunnel rescue process.
The Aam Aadmi Party government in Punjab launched the Mukhya Mantri Teerth
Yatra scheme.
National Green Tribunal (NGT) has banned desilting and dredging activities in
Rajasthan’s Bisalpur dam.
Nearly 30 lakh workers die every year globally owing to work-related accidents and
diseases, says International Labour Organization (ILO) report.
“Promises and reality 2019-2023 Report” urges Centre to address inequality,
corruption in India.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
Contract iPhone maker Foxconn, plans to expand its India footprint, with another
$1.6 billion investment.
S&P Global Ratings raised India’s growth forecast for the current financial year to
6.4% from 6%.
E-buses to account for 11-13% of new bus sales by FY25: ICRA.
WORLD
Irish author Paul Lynch won the 2023 Booker Prize for fiction for his novel Prophet
Song.
Former airline boss Christopher Luxon formally took office as New Zealand’s Prime
Minister.
U.S. President Joe Biden will miss the latest UN climate summit in Dubai, after two
years of attending the talks.
The UK confirmed first human case of a swine flu strain – influenza A(H1N2)v –
similar to one that has been circulating in pigs.
Malaysia will scrap entry visa requirements for citizens of China and India visiting the
nation beginning December 1.
SPORTS
Italy won the Davis Cup for the first time since 1976 as Jannik Sinner defeated Alex de
Minaur 6-3, 6-0 to seal a 2-0 win over Australia.
Haryana and Punjab to clash for title of 13th senior men’s national hockey
championship in Chennai.
November 29, 2023

INDIA
The rescue teams announced that the rat-hole miners, in coordination with the
Army, managed to manually dig through 55 metres of Silkyara tunnel and all 41
people were rescued.
Kerala Governor signs a Bill and reserves seven for Presidential consideration.
Supreme Court panel submits report on Manipur victims.
India would host an industry round-table on developing the country as a MICE
(Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, and Exhibitions) tourism destination.
Bengaluru hosted the historic buffalo sport Kambala race event.
Defence Minister Rajnath Singh unveiled the crest of the guided missile destroyer
Imphal.
The government launched a national protocol to provide for training of anganwadi
workers to track and help children with disabilities.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
The government launched the first round of auction of 20 blocks of critical and
strategic minerals across the country.
To check digital frauds, the government has suspended 70 lakh mobile numbers on
account of suspicious transactions.
Exports of soyabean meal from India in the oil year 2022-23 that ended in September
jumped more than double to 18.4 lakh tonne.
SEBI proposes changes in regulatory framework for Special Situation Funds.
WORLD
Arab states and the EU agreed at a meeting in Spain on Monday that a two-state
solution was the answer to the Palestinian-Israeli conflict.
U.K. Prime Minister Rishi Sunak cancelled his meeting with visiting Greek Prime
Minister, over the latter’s comments on ancient sculptures housed in the British
Museum.
Three Chinese Navy ships have arrived in Myanmar for joint drills with its Navy.
Sri Lankan cabinet allows China’s energy major Sinopec to establish a new $4.5
billion petroleum refinery plant at the Hambantota port.
SPORTS
Australia recorded a last-ball victory, by five wickets, in the third T20I match against
India.
Namibia qualified for the men’s T20 World Cup 2024.
Hockey: Punjab claims men’s title of 13th Senior National men’s championship title.
November 30, 2023

INDIA
Telangana went to vote for electing its third legislative assembly with 119 seats.
Union government has listed four Bills related to Jammu and Kashmir and criminal
law legislation.
Union Cabinet took a formal decision to continue Free foodgrain scheme till January
1, 2024.
Centre to provide drones to 15,000 women’s groups for use in agriculture.
Union Cabinet approved the continuation of fast-track courts dedicated to
dispensation of justice in cases of sexual offences for three years.
Union Cabinet approved a special development mission for Particularly Vulnerable
Tribal Groups (PVTG) with a total outlay of over ₹24,104 crore over a three-year
period.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
PLFS: The unemployment rate in urban areas of the country decreased from 7.2% in
July-September 2022 to 6.6% in July–September 2023.
Union Cabinet approved the terms of reference (ToR) for the Sixteenth Finance
Commission.
Animal husbandry statistics: Production of milk, egg, meat and wool increased in the
country during 2022-23 over the previous financial year.
WORLD
Sri Lanka has reached an agreement with India and the Paris Club group of creditors,
including Japan, on a debt treatment plan.
Saudi Arabia extends term of USD 3 billion deposit to Pakistan.
Pakistan court acquits former Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif in graft case
IUCN develops three Action Plans for threatened pollinator groups in Europe.
Russia approves significant increase in military spending; 30% of fiscal expenditure
directed towards the armed forces in 2024.
SPORTS
Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) announced Rahul Dravid’s reappointment
as the head coach.
Tushar Shelke and Sangeeta claimed the recurve men and women titles in the
National archery championships.
Angadvir Singh Bajwa and Ganemat Sekhon won the mixed skeet gold for Punjab in
the 66th National shooting championship.
November 1, 2023
Goa High Court Orders Tiger Reserve in Mhadei Wildlife Sanctuary
On July 24, 2023, the Goa bench of the Bombay High Court issued significant directives to
the Goa government regarding the establishment of a tiger reserve in the Mhadei Wildlife
Sanctuary (WLS) and neighboring regions. The court instructed the state to complete the
notification process for the tiger reserve within three months and to address the rights
and claims of Scheduled Tribes and other forest dwellers within a year.
Goa Foundation’s PIL
The catalyst for these directives was a public interest litigation (PIL) filed by the Goa
Foundation, an environmental NGO based in Goa. The PIL sought legal action to establish
a tiger reserve in Goa, as recommended by the National Tiger Conservation Authority
(NTCA) under the Wildlife Protection Act.
Government’s Response and Deadline Extension Request
Following the High Court’s ruling, the Goa government approached the Supreme Court to
request a stay on the judgement. As the initial three-month deadline for notifying the tiger
reserve passed, Goa Chief Minister Pramod Sawant stated that the government had filed
an application in the High Court seeking more time to implement the court’s order. The
government intends to await the decision on this application.
Background of the Issue
The roots of this legal battle lie in the 2014 Status of Tigers in India report by the NTCA.
This report highlighted the presence of tigers in the Cotigao-Mhadei forest complex of
Goa, which includes the Mhadei Wildlife Sanctuary and other protected areas. These areas
form a contiguous belt connecting forests in Karnataka and Maharashtra and cover
approximately 750 square kilometers, providing a potential tiger habitat.
Progress on the Proposal for a Tiger Reserve
Over the years, the NTCA made several recommendations to the Goa government to
establish a tiger reserve. Such a designation would lead to enhanced protection measures,
including the formation of a ‘Special Tiger Protection Force.’ In 2011, the then Minister of
State for Environment and Forests, Jairam Ramesh, advocated for declaring the Mhadei
Wildlife Sanctuary as a tiger reserve, citing evidence of a resident tiger population.
NTCA’s Official Recommendation
In March 2016, the NTCA officially recommended the notification of a tiger reserve in the
Cotigao-Mhadei forest complex. The Forest Department then prepared a tentative map for
the reserve, with the core zone being largely undisturbed areas. However, the proposal
was stalled as the state sought to study the socio-economic impact on local communities
residing in fringe areas.
Hurdles and Controversies
The proposal for the tiger reserve faced opposition and controversy over the years. Local
politicians allegedly encouraged encroachments and agricultural activities within the
sanctuary, causing delays. In 2022, Goa’s Forest Minister Vishwajit Rane disputed the
existence of resident tigers in Goa, further complicating the matter.
Recent Triggers for Action
In January 2020, the discovery of a tigress and its cubs found dead in Mhadei WLS,
allegedly poisoned by forest dwellers, spurred action. An NTCA expert team
recommended upgrading the legal status of Mhadei WLS to that of a tiger reserve to
ensure a strong protection regime.
Government’s Arguments and Court Response
The state government argued that the provisions of the Wildlife Protection Act were not
mandatory but directory, implying that further studies and rights settlement were
necessary before establishing a tiger reserve. The High Court countered by referencing a
1997 Supreme Court directive to complete the rights settlement process. The
government’s claim that all wildlife received equal protection in protected areas was also
addressed.
Southern Peninsular India Experiences Sixth Driest October in 123 Years
In an unusual meteorological event, southern peninsular India faced its sixth driest
October in 123 years, according to the India Meteorological Department (IMD). This
region, encompassing states like Kerala, Mahe, south interior Karnataka, Tamil Nadu,
Karaikal, Puducherry, coastal Andhra Pradesh, Yanam, and Rayalaseema, received a
meager 74.9mm of rainfall in October. This amount was more than 60 percent below the
normal levels for the month.
Monsoons and Their Role
October typically witnesses rainfall in southern peninsular India due to both the retreating
southwest monsoon and the incoming northeast monsoon. However, this year, the region
remained dry for nearly 25 days during October. Unlike previous years, the southwest
monsoon concluded nearly on time after a 134-day season.
Influencing Factors
One of the main contributors to this scanty rainfall was the timing of the northeast
monsoon coinciding with other oceanic factors. The onset of the northeast monsoon
occurred on October 21, closely aligning with active conditions in the Bay of Bengal and
the formation of Cyclone Hamoon. These factors led to the diversion of moisture away
from southern peninsular India and altered the wind flow pattern, resulting in a weak
northeast monsoon onset.
October Rainfall Statistics
As of October 31, the IMD reported the following October rainfall figures: coastal Andhra
Pradesh and Yanam (18mm, -90 percent), Rayalaseema (12.7mm, -90 percent), Tamil
Nadu, Karaikal, and Puducherry (98.5mm, -43 percent), south interior Karnataka (64.5mm,
-53 percent), and Kerala (311mm, 1 percent).
Influence of El Nino and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD)
The IMD noted that 2023 being an El Nino year, coupled with the positive phase of the
Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), often leads to such rainfall deficits in October, as observed in
previous El Nino years like 2023, 2016, and 1988. During El Nino years and the positive IOD
phase, there tends to be reduced rainfall in northern Tamil Nadu and nearby regions,
while the southernmost parts of Tamil Nadu and Kerala receive more significant rainfall in
October.
Hope for Improved Rainfall
Despite the dry start, the northeast monsoon has gained momentum in the past few days.
The IMD forecasts widespread good rainfall over Kerala and Tamil Nadu in the upcoming
week. Additionally, the rainfall outlook for November in the region is promising. The IMD
anticipates that monthly rainfall during November over southern peninsular India will
likely be normal, ranging between 77 to 123 percent of the Long Period Average (LPA),
which is 118.69mm based on data from 1971 to 2020.
Agartala-Akhaura Cross-Border Rail Link
The Agartala-Akhaura cross-border rail link project, set to significantly boost cross-border
trade and connectivity, recently completed its successful trial run. A locomotive engine
attached to four wagons entered Tripura, stopping at the newly constructed Nischintapur
railway station.
Project’s Significance
This rail link, spanning 15 kilometers (5 km in India and 10 km in Bangladesh), holds
immense significance. It will notably reduce the travel time between Agartala and Kolkata
via Dhaka. Currently, the rail route covers approximately 1600 kilometers and takes 38
hours to complete. Once operational, the rail link is expected to cut down travel time to
approximately 10 hours. Moreover, it will facilitate the transportation of goods trains to
the northeastern region via Bangladesh, offering cost-effective logistics. Additionally, it
will provide direct access between landlocked northeastern India and Chittagong port in
Bangladesh.
Project Inception and Costs
The project was sanctioned in the year 2012-13, with the foundation stone for the
Agartala-Akhaura rail link laid in July 2016. It involves the construction of one major bridge
and three minor bridges. The estimated cost of constructing this Indo-Bangla
international railway link stands at Rs 862.5 crore.
Delays and Challenges
Originally slated for completion in 2020, the project encountered delays due to land
acquisition issues and the Covid-19 pandemic. While the rail link for goods trains is set to
open soon, formalities need to be addressed by the Indian Railways and the Bangladesh
Railway Board before passenger trains can operate.
Road Connectivity
Tripura shares an 856-kilometer international border with Bangladesh, parts of which
remain unfenced due to local disputes. The state’s sole road connection with the rest of
India is through Assam and a narrow strip of land in West Bengal’s Siliguri. Historically,
Akhaura served as the railway link for Agartala during the colonial era.
Prime Minister Modi Launches 'Mera Yuva Bharat (MY Bharat)' Platform
On October 31st, Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi officially launched the ‘Mera Yuva
Bharat (MY Bharat)’ platform, dedicated to the youth of India. This momentous initiative
was introduced on National Unity Day and aims to empower and uplift the country’s
youth.
Establishment of MY Bharat
The Union Cabinet, under the leadership of Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi, approved
the establishment of an autonomous body named “Mera Yuva Bharat (MY Bharat)” on
October 11, 2023.
Vision of MY Bharat
‘Mera Yuva Bharat (MY Bharat)’ envisions itself as a pivotal, technology-driven facilitator
for youth development and youth-led progress. Its overarching goal is to provide
equitable opportunities for young individuals to realize their aspirations and contribute to
the creation of a “Viksit Bharat” (developed India) across various aspects of government
initiatives.
The MY Bharat Platform
Mera Yuva Bharat (MY Bharat) serves as a ‘Phygital Platform,’ seamlessly blending
physical and digital elements. It includes physical activities complemented by digital
connectivity, creating an engaging and comprehensive experience.
The Need for MY Bharat
Role of Youth in Amrit Kaal: India’s youth hold a pivotal role in shaping the nation’s
future, particularly as India celebrates 75 years of independence and endeavors to
build an “Amrit Bharat” by 2047.
Uniting Youth from Diverse Areas: Vision 2047 necessitates a framework that
unites rural, urban, and rurban (a combination of rural and urban) youth on a
common platform. MY Bharat aims to bridge this gap.
Contemporary Technology-led Engagement: In today’s fast-paced digital world, a
technology-driven platform can effectively engage youth, connecting them with
programs and community activities.
Creating a Phygital Ecosystem: MY Bharat seeks to establish a phygital ecosystem,
making it accessible and engaging for millions of young individuals. They will act as
bridges between the government and its citizens.
Objectives of MY Bharat
The primary objectives of Mera Yuva Bharat (MY Bharat) include:
Leadership Development: Enhancing leadership skills through experiential learning
and fostering social innovators and community leaders.
Alignment with Youth Aspirations: Ensuring alignment between the aspirations of
youth and the needs of communities.
Efficiency through Convergence: Promoting efficiency by converging existing
programs and serving as a centralized youth database.
Two-way Communication: Facilitating improved communication between youth,
government initiatives, and other stakeholders.
Phygital Ecosystem: Creating a blend of physical and digital experiences to enhance
accessibility and engagement.
All Doctors in India to Receive Unique Identification Numbers on National Medical Register
In a significant development, all doctors practicing in India will soon receive a unique
identification number as part of the National Medical Register. This centralized system is
expected to be rolled out by the end of the next year, providing a dynamic platform for
doctors to update their qualifications, fellowships, and courses. The National Medical
Register aims to enhance transparency and accountability in the medical profession.
Patients and stakeholders will have the ability to verify the credentials of their doctors
through this centralized repository.
Pilot Assessment System
To prepare for the launch of the National Medical Register, a pilot assessment system has
been conducted in eight colleges across the country, including four private and four
government institutions. The National Medical Commission (NMC) is currently in the
process of consulting assessors and other stakeholders to finalize the implementation
process.
Functionality of the Unique ID
The unique identification number for doctors will serve as a comprehensive repository of
their professional information. Similar to a bank account, this ID will store details such as
qualifications, fellowships, and other pertinent data. Different stakeholders, including the
NMC, employing institutions, medical colleges, and the public, will have varying levels of
access to this data based on their specific needs.
Streamlining Verification
The implementation of this IT-based platform with verified information is expected to
simplify the process of verifying doctors’ credentials for colleges and employers. It will
facilitate a more efficient and transparent system for assessing the qualifications of
medical professionals.
Pilot Testing and Licensing
The National Medical Commission plans to conduct a pilot test of the IT platform over the
next six months. Additionally, the new register will enable doctors to obtain licenses to
practice in multiple states, offering greater flexibility. This modernized system will replace
the existing Indian Medical Register, which relies on data from state medical councils.
Comprehensive Information on the Register
The National Medical Register will include crucial details such as registration number, date
of registration, place of work, medical qualifications, specialization, university of
qualification, and the year of passing. Doctors will be required to update their registration
every five years to ensure accuracy and relevance.
Study Reveals Strong Link Between Air Pollution and Parkinson's Disease Risk
A new study set to be published in the medical journal Neurology of the American
Academy of Neurology has unearthed a concerning connection between air pollution and
Parkinson’s disease. The research reveals that individuals residing in areas with median
levels of air pollution have a staggering 56 percent higher risk of developing Parkinson’s
disease compared to those living in areas with the lowest air pollution levels.
Air Pollution’s Role in Inflammation
The study delved into the national and geographic patterns of Parkinson’s disease while
examining the association between the condition and fine particulate matter present in
the air. Fine particulate matter has previously been linked to brain inflammation, a known
mechanism for Parkinson’s disease development.
Regional Variations and Hotspots
Interestingly, the study uncovered regional variations in the relationship between air
pollution and Parkinson’s disease risk. The Mississippi-Ohio River Valley emerged as a
hotspot for the condition, along with central North Dakota, parts of Texas, Kansas, eastern
Michigan, and the tip of Florida. In contrast, individuals residing in the western half of the
U.S. were found to be at a reduced risk of developing Parkinson’s disease compared to the
rest of the nation.
Potential Sources of Pollution
While the study did not explore specific sources of air pollution, Dr. Krzyzanowski pointed
out that regions like the Mississippi-Ohio River Valley have relatively high road network
density, potentially leading to pollution containing more combustion particles from traffic
and heavy metals from manufacturing. These components have been associated with cell
death in the brain regions linked to Parkinson’s disease.
Methodology and Policy Implications
The study used a population-based geographic approach, identifying nearly 90,000 people
with Parkinson’s disease from a Medicare dataset of nearly 22 million. Researchers were
able to calculate Parkinson’s disease rates within each region and determine associations
between fine particulate matter exposure and disease risk after adjusting for various
factors.
IAF's No. 4 Squadron Replaces MiG-21 Bison with Sukhoi-30 MKI
The Indian Air Force’s No. 4 Squadron, based in Rajasthan, is undergoing a historic
transition as it replaces its MiG-21 Bison aircraft with Sukhoi-30 MKI aircraft. This change
signifies the end of an era for the MiG-21 Bison, which was flown for the last time in the
skies of Barmer district at Air Force Station, Uttarlai.
MiG-21 Legacy and Transition to Su-30 MKI
The No. 4 Squadron has operated the MiG-21 since 1966, marking nearly six decades of
service. With this conversion, the Indian Air Force (IAF) now operates only two squadrons
of the MiG-21. The IAF is committed to phasing out the MiG-21 aircraft by 2025, according
to a statement from the defense ministry.
Farewell to MiG-21 Bison
The MiG-21 Bison, known for its supersonic capabilities, took its final flight over Uttarlai in
Barmer district, Rajasthan, on October 30, marking the end of an era. During this poignant
occasion, the MiG-21 Bison flew alongside the Sukhoi-30 MKI. The ceremony was attended
by personnel from all three services.
No. 4 Squadron’s Remarkable Contribution
The No. 4 Squadron, also known as “OORIALS,” has made significant contributions to
India’s defense efforts, especially during India-Pakistan conflicts. After operating the
MiG-21 for decades, the squadron is now transitioning to the Sukhoi-30 MKI aircraft. This
transition represents the Indian Air Force’s unwavering commitment to modernization
and safeguarding the nation’s skies.
Historical Perspective on the MiG-21
The MiG-21, India’s first supersonic fighter, was inducted into the Indian Air Force in 1963
and has played a role in all major conflicts since then. Its replacement with the Sukhoi-30
MKI marks a pivotal moment in the Indian Air Force’s history.
Formal Induction and Flypast
The formal induction of the Sukhoi-30 MKI was celebrated with a ceremony at Air Force
Station Uttarlai on October 30. The event featured a combined flypast by the MiG-21 and
Sukhoi-30 MKI, symbolizing the culmination of the MiG-21’s service in the squadron.
Various military and civilian dignitaries attended the ceremony.
India and Bangladesh Jointly Inaugurate Three Development Projects
Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina are
set to jointly inaugurate three significant development projects on November 1, 2023,
through a video conference. This collaborative effort reflects the strong ties between the
two nations.
Akhaura-Agartala Cross-Border Rail Link
The first project, the Akhaura-Agartala Cross-Border Rail Link, has been executed with an
Indian grant assistance of INR 392.52 crore provided to Bangladesh. This rail link spans
12.24 km, with 6.78 km in Bangladesh and 5.46 km in Tripura, enhancing cross-border
connectivity.
Khulna-Mongla Port Rail Line
The second project, the Khulna-Mongla Port Rail Line, has been implemented under
India’s concessional Line of Credit, with a total project cost of USD 388.92 million. This
initiative involves constructing approximately 65 km of broad gauge rail route, connecting
the Mongla Port to the existing rail network in Khulna, elevating connectivity for
Bangladesh’s second-largest port.
Maitree Super Thermal Power Plant Unit II
The third project, Unit II of the Maitree Super Thermal Power Plant, is part of a USD 1.6
billion Indian Concessional Financing Scheme loan. Located in Rampal, Khulna Division of
Bangladesh, this 1320 MW Super Thermal Power Plant is a joint venture between India’s
NTPC Ltd and Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB). Unit I was inaugurated in
September 2022, and the upcoming inauguration of Unit II on November 1, 2023, marks a
significant step toward enhancing energy security in Bangladesh.
Strengthening Connectivity and Energy Security
These projects represent a commitment to strengthening regional connectivity and
energy security. The collaboration between India and Bangladesh continues to yield
mutual benefits and contribute to the development of the region.
Annual Report on Road Accidents in India for 2022
The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways has recently unveiled its “Road Accidents in
India-2022” Annual Report. The report reveals a worrisome surge in road accidents in
India during the calendar year 2022, emphasizing the need for comprehensive measures
to address this growing crisis.
Shocking Statistics
According to the report, a staggering total of 4,61,312 road accidents were reported across
various States and Union Territories in India during 2022. These accidents resulted in a
tragic loss of 1,68,491 lives and caused injuries to 4,43,366 individuals. The figures
represent a distressing increase of 11.9% in accidents, 9.4% in fatalities, and 15.3% in
injuries when compared to the previous year.
Urgent Action Required
The report underscores the urgency of adopting a holistic approach to tackle the
underlying causes of these accidents, including factors such as speeding, reckless driving,
drunk driving, and non-compliance with traffic regulations. Strengthening enforcement
mechanisms, enhancing driver education and training programs, and investing in road
and vehicle improvements are identified as crucial steps to mitigate this crisis.
Multi-Pronged Strategy
The Ministry is committed to implementing robust measures aimed at curbing road
accidents. These measures encompass various aspects, including road user behavior, road
infrastructure enhancements, vehicle standards, traffic regulation enforcement, and the
integration of technology for accident prevention. A multi-pronged strategy, focusing on
Education, Engineering (both roads and vehicles), Enforcement, and Emergency Care (the
4Es), is being employed to address the issue of road safety.
Ongoing Initiatives and Collaborations
The Ministry is actively engaged in initiatives such as the implementation of modern
transportation systems, road safety audits, and international collaborations to learn from
global best practices. Initiatives like the Electronic Detailed Accident Report (e-DAR) for
real-time data analysis and automated vehicle inspection centers are also in progress as
part of the effort to combat road accidents.
Valuable Resource for Stakeholders
The “Road Accidents in India-2022” publication serves as a valuable resource for
policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders in the field of road safety. It provides
comprehensive insights into various aspects of road accidents, including their causes,
locations, and their impact on different categories of road users. The report also
highlights emerging trends, challenges, and the Ministry’s ongoing road safety initiatives.
UK Hosts Landmark AI Summit Amid Growing Global Concerns
The United Kingdom is set to host a pivotal two-day artificial intelligence (AI) summit on
November 1 and 2, bringing together government officials and companies from across the
globe, including the U.S. and China. This summit serves as Prime Minister Rishi Sunak’s
opportunity to assert the UK’s position in the global AI dialogue and address AI
regulation.
Historic Location
The summit will take place at Bletchley Park, a site located around 55 miles north of
London. Known for its historic significance as a World War II codebreaking facility where
Alan Turing famously cracked the Enigma machine, the choice of location underscores the
UK’s commitment to being a leader in AI innovation.

Ethical and Responsible AI
The primary objective of the UK AI summit is to foster international collaboration and
establish principles for the ethical and responsible development of AI models, particularly
advanced large language models (LLMs), often referred to as “frontier AI” models. The
summit will focus on addressing two key categories of AI risks: misuse and loss of control.
Global Cooperation
The UK government aims to utilize the AI Summit as a platform to shape the future of AI
technology. The emphasis is on safety, ethics, and responsible AI development,
advocating for international cooperation to safeguard AI technology. The government has
also proposed the establishment of the world’s first AI safety institute.
International Counter Ransomware Initiative
A coalition of 40 countries, led by the United States, is set to sign a pledge committing to
never pay ransoms to cybercriminals and work towards disrupting the funding
mechanisms of hackers. This initiative, known as the International Counter Ransomware
Initiative, seeks to address the growing threat of ransomware attacks worldwide.
Escalating Ransomware Attacks
Ransomware attacks have been on the rise globally, with the United States being the
hardest-hit country, accounting for 46% of such attacks. These attacks involve hackers
encrypting an organization’s systems and demanding ransom payments in exchange for
unlocking them, often accompanied by threats to leak sensitive data if payments are not
made.
Disrupting the Funding Mechanism
The primary goal of the alliance is to disrupt the funding mechanisms of ransomware
criminals. This will be achieved through improved information sharing about ransom
payment accounts. Two information-sharing platforms will be established, one by
Lithuania and another jointly by Israel and the UAE. Partner countries will collaborate on
sharing a “black list” through the U.S. Department of the Treasury, containing information
on digital wallets used for ransomware payments.
Leveraging Emerging Tech
The initiative will leverage artificial intelligence to analyze blockchain data, aiming to
identify and track illicit funds associated with ransomware attacks. This effort aligns with
the broader objective of cutting off the flow of money to cybercriminals.
Crypto Payments to Ransomware Attackers
Crypto payments to ransomware attackers have seen a significant increase, with 2022 on
track for the second-highest annual total on record, according to blockchain analytics firm
Chainalysis.
International Solar Alliance Allocates $35 Million for Global Solar Facility
The International Solar Alliance (ISA) has announced a capital infusion of $35 million for its
Global Solar Facility (GSF), aimed at stimulating solar investments in underserved regions,
particularly in Africa.
Contributions from Various Stakeholders
The Government of India is considering a contribution of $25 million to the GSF, with an
additional $10 million coming from the ISA itself. Notably, Bloomberg Philanthropies and
the Children’s Investment Fund Foundation (CIFF) have pledged their support to the GSF.
Leveraging Investments for Solar Transition
The GSF’s primary goal is to leverage investments to accelerate the transition to solar
energy. Its target is to raise a total of $100 million. The GSF aims to tap into Africa’s vast
potential for solar energy and help mitigate investment risks in the region.
Expanding Solar Access in Africa
The GSF’s mission is to facilitate $10 billion in investments, providing clean energy access
to around 35-40 million African households by 2030, benefiting approximately 200 million
individuals. This initiative aims to address the significant energy gap in the region.
Global Reach and Future Initiatives
The GSF’s vision extends beyond Africa, targeting regions like Asia, Latin America, and the
Middle East. Future initiatives include funding innovative technologies, assisting startups,
and exploring emerging solar energy sectors.
Climate Change Could Lead to Significant Loss of Seafood Nutrients in Low-Income Countries
Low-income countries could experience a loss of up to 30 percent of essential nutrients
from seafood due to climate change, according to a study published in the journal Nature
Climate Change. These nutrients, including calcium, iron, protein, and omega-3 fatty acids,
are at risk of depletion, especially in scenarios with high emissions and low mitigation
efforts.
Paris Agreement Mitigation Targets
The study suggests that limiting global warming to the targets set by the Paris Agreement
(1.5 to 2 degrees Celsius) could reduce nutrient loss to around 10 percent. Meeting these
targets is crucial for preserving the nutritional value of seafood, particularly in regions
where seafood plays a vital role in combating malnutrition.
Vulnerability of Low-Income Countries
Low-income countries, particularly in the global south, are most vulnerable to the effects
of climate change on seafood nutrients. These regions rely on seafood as a dietary staple,
making them highly susceptible to nutrient depletion. The study highlights the
disproportionate impact of climate change on these nations.
Research Methodology
The researchers used predictive climate models and historical fisheries and seafood
farming data to project future nutrient quantities in seafood. They focused on four key
nutrients abundant in seafood and essential for human health.
Stagnation and Decline
Despite seafood farming and invertebrate fishing efforts, the availability of these nutrients
plateaued in the 2010s after peaking in the 1990s. The study predicts a further decline in
nutrient availability from seafood catches in the future.
Impact on Specific Nutrients
Calcium is expected to experience the most significant decline, with projections ranging
from 15 to 40 percent by 2100 under different emissions scenarios. Omega-3 fatty acids
are also at risk, with expected decreases of approximately five to 25 percent.
Regional Disparities
Tropical waters in lower-income nations, such as Indonesia, the Solomon Islands, and
Sierra Leone, are projected to face steeper declines in nutrient availability compared to
higher-income, non-tropical regions like Canada, the US, and the UK.
Global Trends
Globally, the study anticipates a decrease of four to seven percent in nutrient availability
from seafood for each degree Celsius of warming. However, low-income tropical countries
may experience declines two to three times higher, at nearly 10 to 12 percent per unit of
warming.
DGCA Grants Approval for Nighttime Operations of Single-Engine Aircraft by Scheduled
Commuter Airlines
India’s aviation safety regulator, the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA), has
made a significant decision to allow scheduled commuter airlines to operate single-engine
aircraft at night. This move is expected to enhance air connectivity to remote areas during
nighttime hours, benefiting regional flights and improving accessibility to underserved
regions.
Background
Single Engine Turbine (SET) planes have been in use for Scheduled Commuter Airlines
(SCAs) since 2018. Until now, their operations were restricted to daytime and Visual Flight
Rules (VFR). As SCAs primarily operate regional flights, this decision opens up new
possibilities for nighttime travel to remote destinations.
Guidance Material
The operations circular has been updated to incorporate guidance material and detailed
guidelines. These modifications cover various aspects, including route assessment, crew
qualifications, experience, training, and assessment requirements. Additionally,
operational, certification, and airworthiness requirements have been considered to ensure
the safe operation of single-engine aircraft at night.
Safety Assessments
Approval for nighttime operations will be granted based on an assessment of operators’
compliance with these new requirements. An expert committee constituted by DGCA
conducted a comprehensive review, considering international regulations, global best
practices, safety data, and operational experience.
Safety Enhancement Measures
The expert committee also conducted safety risk assessments and practical flight trials to
identify potential deficiencies and hazards. The aim was to incorporate safety
enhancement measures to mitigate risks associated with nighttime operations.
Government Initiatives
This decision aligns with the government’s efforts to enhance regional air connectivity
throughout India. By allowing nighttime operations of single-engine aircraft, DGCA seeks

to expand access to remote areas, benefiting both passengers and communities.
Central Railway Enhances Safety with Block Proving by Axle Counter System
The Central Railway has introduced the Block Proving by Axle Counter (BPAC) system in
the Vasind-Asangaon section of the Mumbai Division, further enhancing safety in train
operations. The BPAC system plays a crucial role in ensuring the safe clearance of sections
before authorizing the entry of another train, contributing to the overall safety of rail
travel.
Expansion of BPAC System
Previously, the BPAC system was in operation up to Vashind railway station within the
Kalyan-Igatpuri section. However, following approval from the Railway Board, the Central
Railway is extending BPAC operations from Khadavli to Igatpuri. This expansion project is
currently underway and will be completed soon, according to the official release.
Existing BPAC Installations
The Mumbai Division of the Central Railway already has BPAC systems in place on various
sections, including:
1. Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus (CSMT) to Kalyan section
2. CSMT-PANVEL Harbour line
3. CSMT-Goregaon line
4. Kalyan-Karjat section
5. Vasai-Panvel-Roha section
Ongoing and Future BPAC Projects
The Central Railway is actively working on the implementation of the BPAC system in
several other sections, including Asangaon-Atgaon, Atgaon-Thansit, TGR3-TGR2, Panvel-
Dapoli, and more. Furthermore, upcoming projects will cover Thansit-Khardi, Khardi-
Umbarmali, Kasara-Umbarmali, Kasara-TGR3, TGR2-TGR1, and Dapoli-Jasai sections of the
Mumbai Division.
November 2, 2023
Innovative Drug Formulation Offers New Hope for Scorpion Sting Patients
Scorpion envenomation is a life-threatening problem in many parts of the world, and the
Indian red scorpion (Mesobuthus tamulus) is among the most dangerous scorpions
globally. Current treatment primarily relies on equine anti-scorpion antivenom (ASA)
administered intravenously. However, this treatment has limitations due to a low
proportion of venom-specific antibodies and the risk of adverse reactions.
To address this critical issue, scientists from the Institute of Advanced Study in Science and
Technology (IASST) and Tezpur University, along with researchers from NIELIT, Guwahati,
have developed an innovative therapeutic drug formulation (TDF). This TDF, composed of
low doses of commercial ASA, α1-adrenoreceptor agonist (AAAs), and vitamin C, aims to
inhibit Indian red scorpion venom-induced toxicity and its associated symptoms.
The Scorpion Envenomation Challenge
The Indian red scorpion is known for its life-threatening sting, which can be fatal if not
promptly treated. Intravenous administration of equine anti-scorpion antivenom (ASA),

specifically raised against M. tamulus venom (MTV), is the current standard treatment for
scorpion stings. However, its effectiveness is hindered by the low proportion of venom-
specific antibodies, especially against low molecular mass channel toxins. This limitation
leads to the need for high antivenom doses, increasing the risk of adverse reactions in
patients. The complexity of scorpion envenomation necessitates extensive research and
alternative therapeutic approaches.
Conventional Treatment with α1-Adrenoreceptor Agonists
In addition to ASA, α1-adrenoreceptor agonists (AAAs) such as Prazosin are conventionally
used, either alone or in combination with commercial ASA, for the treatment of scorpion
sting patients. However, this therapy has proven less effective and is associated with
certain limitations.
A Novel Therapeutic Approach
To address the challenges posed by scorpion envenomation treatment, a team of
scientists from IASST, Tezpur University, and NIELIT, Guwahati, has developed a novel
therapeutic drug formulation (TDF). This innovative approach combines low doses of
commercial ASA, AAAs, and vitamin C to counteract Indian red scorpion venom-induced
toxicity and its associated symptoms.
Testing the Efficacy
Before moving to in vivo animal models, the researchers first tested the efficacy of the
drug on Caenorhabditis elegans, a free-living nematode model, as an alternative to
traditional animal testing. The results of their research were recently published in the
journal Toxins, and an Indian patent has been filed for this groundbreaking drug
formulation.
Promising Results
The study demonstrated the efficacy of the TDF. It efficiently neutralized Indian red
scorpion venom, preventing an increase in blood glucose levels, organ tissue damage,
necrosis, and pulmonary edema in Wistar rats. Importantly, the TDF outperformed
commercial ASA, AAAs, and vitamin C in its ability to mitigate the effects of scorpion
venom.
Kozhikode and Gwalior Recognized as Creative Cities for Literature and Music
In a significant recognition of their contributions to literature and music, Kozhikode in
Kerala and Gwalior in Madhya Pradesh have been added to UNESCO’s prestigious list of
Creative Cities. UNESCO announced this on October 31, which coincides with World Cities
Day.
UNESCO’s Creative Cities Network
UNESCO’s Creative Cities Network (UCCN) welcomed 55 new cities to its fold on World
Cities Day. These cities were designated by UNESCO Director-General Audrey Azoulay for
their dedication to utilizing culture and creativity in their development strategies and for
their innovative approaches to human-centered urban planning.
Expanding the Creative Cities Network
With these new additions, the UNESCO Creative Cities Network now includes 350 cities
from over a hundred countries. These cities represent seven creative fields: Crafts and
Folk Art, Design, Film, Gastronomy, Literature, Media Arts, and Music. Each city in the
network contributes its unique cultural richness to the global creative community.
Kozhikode: City of Literature
Kozhikode, known for its literary vibrancy, serves as a permanent venue for the annual
Kerala Literature Festival and hosts numerous other book festivals. This recognition
solidifies its status as a hub for literary enthusiasts.
Gwalior: City of Music
Gwalior boasts a rich and diverse musical heritage, encompassing classical Hindustani
music, folk music, and devotional music. The city is home to prestigious music institutes
and hosts popular music festivals, further enhancing its cultural significance.
Other Cities Joining the Network
In addition to Kozhikode and Gwalior, several other cities joined the UNESCO Creative
Cities Network in various creative fields. Notable additions include Bukhara for Crafts and
Folk Art, Casablanca for Media Arts, Kathmandu for Films, and Rio de Janeiro for
Literature.
The Road Ahead
The newly designated Creative Cities are invited to participate in the 2024 UCCN Annual
Conference, scheduled to take place in Braga, Portugal, from July 1 to July 5, 2024. The
conference’s theme, “Bringing Youth to the table for the next decade,” reflects UNESCO’s
commitment to fostering creativity and cultural exchange among the world’s cities.
High Dengue Cases in Bihar
Bihar has been grappling with a severe dengue outbreak in 2023, with more than 15,000
reported cases and 59 deaths. This marks the highest number of dengue cases and
fatalities in the state in the last five years, signifying a remarkable 608% increase in cases
compared to 2018.
Protracted Monsoon and Mosquito Breeding
One major factor contributing to the surge in dengue cases is the delayed monsoon
season, which typically ends by mid-September but extended until mid-October this year.
This extended monsoon period created ideal conditions for mosquito breeding. Stagnant
pools of water formed, especially in densely populated areas like Patna, providing a
breeding ground for mosquitoes. Additionally, with the arrival of winter still pending,
people continued to use water coolers, which can also serve as mosquito breeding sites.
Inadequate Sanitation and Defogging Efforts
The rise in dengue cases is exacerbated by a lack of sanitation and insufficient defogging
measures taken by the state’s municipal corporations. For instance, Patna Municipal
Corporation cited a shortage of resources as it struggled to address the untimely
appearance of stagnant water pools across the city.
New Dengue Symptoms Emerge
Healthcare professionals have observed new symptoms associated with dengue cases for
the first time. Patients are now experiencing liver and lung infections caused by dengue,
in addition to a recurrence of fever every 2-3 hours, as opposed to the typical 6-8 hour
cycle. Some patients have reported body itching and liver swelling.
Rising Demand for Platelets
The demand for platelets has surged in Patna over the past ten days. According to
standard medical protocol, patients are typically given platelets when their count drops to
15,000, while a normal platelet count ranges from 150,000 to 450,000 per microliter of
blood. However, due to the high dengue-related death toll this season, doctors have been
administering platelets even when the count is around 25,000 as a precautionary measure.
Dengue Cases and Deaths Over the Past Five Years
In 2019, Bihar reported a sudden spike in dengue cases, with 6,712 cases, compared
to 2,142 cases the previous year. Notably, there were no reported deaths in either
year.
However, in 2020 and 2021, the number of dengue cases significantly decreased to
493 and 633, respectively. These years coincided with the outbreak of the COVID-19
pandemic.
Dengue resurgence occurred in 2022, with Bihar being one of the worst affected
states. The state recorded 13,972 cases and 32 deaths. Patna alone reported 9,256
cases with 15 deaths. This marked the first time since 2018 that Bihar had reported
dengue-related deaths. These figures do not include patients who received
treatment or died at private hospitals and clinics.
Bhutan Achieves Milestone: Complete Sterilization and Vaccination of Stray Dog Population
In a significant milestone for animal welfare and public health, Bhutan has become the
world’s first country to successfully sterilize and vaccinate its entire stray dog population.
The achievement comes after a 14-year-long dog population control program.
The National Dog Population Management and Rabies Control Project
The National Dog Population Management and Rabies Control Project, initiated in 2009,
aimed to address the issue of stray dogs in Bhutan. With the support of the global animal
charity, Humane Society International (HSI), the program has sterilized and vaccinated
over 150,000 stray dogs and microchipped 32,000 pet dogs.
A Huge Stray Dog Population Challenge
Across Asia, an estimated 300 million stray dogs face challenges such as starvation,
parasitic infections, untreated diseases, injuries from road traffic accidents, and
transmissible cancers. These dogs often endure direct persecution and inhumane culling.
The successful efforts in Bhutan set an example for addressing this widespread issue.
The Importance of Sterilization and Vaccination
Effective sterilization and vaccination of stray dog populations are crucial to prevent an
increase in dog bites and the spread of rabies. The World Health Organization (WHO)
reports that rabies causes approximately 59,000 human deaths globally each year, with
most cases resulting from dog bites. Many Asian governments have previously relied on
inhumane methods like culling and mass sheltering to manage street dogs.
UN Organizations Recommend Oral Rabies Vaccination
The United Nations organizations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), WHO, and
World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) have recommended the use of oral rabies
vaccination (ORV) for dogs. This method is seen as more effective in targeted elimination
efforts, particularly for regional wildlife populations.
Challenges and Customization
While traditional injectable vaccines have been used for mass dog vaccinations, ORV
presents new possibilities. However, implementing ORV in middle- and low-income
countries in Africa and Asia comes with its own challenges. The UN suggests integrating
ORV into national strategies to control rabies in dog populations and customizing
programs based on each country’s resources and socio-cultural factors.
A Global Goal for 2030
By embracing these recommendations, countries can enhance their efforts to control dog-
mediated rabies and work toward the global goal of zero dog-mediated human rabies
deaths by 2030. Bhutan’s achievement serves as a pioneering example of humane and
effective stray dog population management and rabies control.
Reserve Bank of India Launches Surveys for Monetary Policy Insights
On November 1, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) announced the introduction of two
significant surveys, the ‘Inflation Expectations Survey of Households’ and the ‘Consumer
Confidence Survey,’ aimed at providing valuable inputs for its bi-monthly monetary policy
decisions. The next bi-monthly monetary policy review is scheduled to take place from
December 6 to 8.
Inflation Expectations Survey of Households
The ‘Inflation Expectations Survey of Households’ is designed to gather subjective
assessments of price movements and inflation. It is based on the individual consumption
patterns of households across 19 major cities in India, including Bhopal, Bhubaneswar,
Chandigarh, Chennai, Delhi, and Thiruvananthapuram. The survey on inflation solicits
both qualitative and quantitative responses from households:
Qualitative responses inquire about households’ expectations regarding price
changes in the three months ahead and the one-year ahead period.
Quantitative responses are collected for current inflation rates, expectations for
inflation in the next three months, and expectations for inflation in the next one
year.
This survey aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how households perceive
inflation, allowing the RBI to better gauge public sentiment on price stability.
Consumer Confidence Survey
The ‘Consumer Confidence Survey’ is intended to gauge the sentiments of households on
various economic aspects. This survey seeks responses from households regarding their
views on:
General economic conditions

Employment scenario
Price levels
Household income
Household spending
Similar to the ‘Inflation Expectations Survey,’ the ‘Consumer Confidence Survey’ is also
conducted in 19 cities, including Ahmedabad, Bengaluru, Bhopal, Bhubaneswar,
Chandigarh, Chennai, and Delhi. By capturing these insights, the RBI aims to gain a
deeper understanding of the economic well-being and sentiments of households across
the country.
Informing Monetary Policy Decisions
The results of these surveys will provide the Reserve Bank of India with valuable inputs for
shaping its monetary policy decisions. By considering the perceptions and expectations of
households on inflation and broader economic conditions, the RBI can make more
informed and data-driven choices to maintain price stability and support the overall
economic well-being of the nation.
OECD Report: Indian Farmers Faced $169 Billion Implicit Tax Due to Export Measures in 2022
In 2022, Indian farmers experienced implicit taxation totaling $169 billion as a result of
export bans, duties, and permits on various commodities such as wheat and rice. This
taxation was imposed to stabilize prices for consumers, as revealed by the latest
assessment on global agricultural policy and support conducted by the Organisation for
Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).
India’s Negative Market Price Support (MPS) Policy
India’s negative MPS policy taxation constituted over 80% of such taxes globally in 2022,
making it a significant contributor to the phenomenon. Among the 54 countries analyzed
in the report, the implicit taxation imposed on farmers amounted to about $200 billion
globally.
Understanding Market Price Support (MPS)
Market Price Support (MPS) measures the benefit or loss that farmers experience due to
domestic prices that differ from world prices. Specifically, MPS represents the annual
monetary value of gross transfers from consumers and taxpayers to agricultural
producers. These transfers arise from policy measures that create a gap between
domestic market prices and border prices of specific agricultural commodities, measured
at the farm gate level.
Budgetary Transfers and Offset
While some emerging economies managed to offset negative MPS through other
budgetary support, India faced challenges in this regard. Budgetary transfers to Indian
farmers, including subsidies for variable inputs like fertilizers, electricity, and irrigation
water, along with the PM-KISAN initiative, did not fully offset the price-depressing impact
of domestic marketing regulations and trade policies.
Impact of Export Restrictions
India introduced export bans, duties, and permits on several commodities in 2022, partly
due to the outbreak of war in Ukraine and a heatwave. While these measures aimed to
keep domestic prices stable for consumers, they led to lower receipts for producers
(farmers) compared to what they would have earned without these policies. Affected
commodities included various types of rice, wheat, sugar, onions, and related products.
OECD Report Findings
The OECD report, released on October 30, noted that virtually all gross producer transfers,
whether positive or negative, often come in forms that can distort production and trade.
India’s net support to producers has been negative over the last two decades, with
fluctuations.
Global Agricultural Support
Across the 54 countries covered in the report, total support directed to the agricultural
sector averaged $851 billion per year from 2020 to 2022. This marked an increase from the
$696 billion averaged in the three years prior to 2020, primarily due to responses to the
COVID-19 pandemic, inflationary pressures, and the impact of the war in Ukraine.
Forms of Support and Their Impact
Two-thirds of the $630 billion in positive support to producers across the 54 countries
were considered “potentially most distorting” to production and trade. These forms of
support included payments based on output and unconstrained use of variable inputs.
Such support is known for its inefficiency and lack of targeting, often resulting in higher
prices for inputs or land values.
Differences Between Emerging Economies and OECD Nations
The report highlighted that emerging economies had a higher prevalence of potentially
most distorting policies, generating positive support equal to 10% of gross farm receipts
and implicit taxation equal to 6% of gross farm receipts in 2020-22. In contrast, OECD
countries had positive support equal to 7% of gross farm receipts, but they did not
implicitly tax producers.
State Energy Efficiency Action Plan for Kerala
The draft State Energy Efficiency Action Plan for Kerala holds promising prospects for
significant energy savings by 2030. The plan, developed by the Confederation of Indian
Industry (CII) with support from the Energy Management Centre, Kerala, in collaboration
with the Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE), highlights key areas where the state can make
substantial progress in energy conservation.
Electric Vehicles for a Greener Future
One of the focal points of the plan is the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs). According to
the draft, increasing the number of electric vehicles on Kerala’s roads can lead to
substantial energy savings. Under a ‘moderate scenario,’ Kerala could save 0.56 million
tonnes of oil equivalent (MTOE) by 2030, while an ‘ambitious scenario’ could yield savings
of 0.84 MTOE. These transitions would also result in a reduction of 1.7 million tonnes of
carbon dioxide equivalent (MtCO2) and 2.6 MtCO2, respectively, in greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions.
Achieving these targets would involve expanding the share of electric vehicles in the
state’s total ‘vehicle stock’ to nearly 10 lakh under the moderate scenario and 17 lakh
under the ambitious scenario. Additionally, the plan envisions the establishment of 56,000
charging stations and battery-swapping infrastructure to support the growing EV
ecosystem. A noteworthy proposal within the plan suggests that powering EV charging
stations with solar energy could meet the increased demand without straining the existing
power grid.
Four Key Sectors for Energy Savings
The draft plan identifies four primary sectors critical to achieving Kerala’s energy savings
objectives:
1. Transport: Promoting the adoption of electric vehicles.
2. Industry: Implementing an Identify, Implement, and Verify (IIV) scheme to enhance
energy efficiency in high-tension (HT) and extra-high tension (EHT) industries.
3. Domestic and Commercial Buildings: Encouraging the construction of green
buildings and promoting energy-efficient appliances, lighting, and building
materials.
4. Agriculture and Fisheries: Transitioning to solar power pumps, replacing inefficient
pumps with BEE star-rated pumps with smart control panels, and optimizing energy
efficiency across all value chains in fisheries.
Green Buildings and Energy Efficiency
The draft emphasizes that an increased penetration of green buildings by 2030 could save
Kerala 0.43 MTOE annually in energy savings and reduce GHG emissions by 1.3 MtCO2. It
underscores the role of energy-efficient buildings in reducing energy consumption and
decreasing dependence on fossil fuels.
For households, the BEE’s standard and labeling program, based on energy efficiency
levels, can contribute significantly to reducing energy consumption by promoting energy-
efficient appliances, lighting, and building materials.
Fostering Energy Efficiency for a Sustainable Future
The draft State Energy Efficiency Action Plan has been submitted to the State government
and is expected to be presented to the Union government soon. It outlines a
comprehensive strategy for Kerala to enhance its energy efficiency and reduce its
environmental impact, while also driving economic growth and sustainability.
Morocco's Renewable Energy Potential as a Climate Mitigation Tool
A recent report published by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) on October 27, 2023,
has underscored Morocco’s substantial renewable energy potential as a critical tool for
climate mitigation. With the energy sector being the largest contributor to Morocco’s
greenhouse gas emissions, accounting for 65.1% of total emissions in 2018, this shift
towards renewables holds great promise.
Abundant Renewable Resources
Morocco possesses abundant renewable energy resources, particularly in solar and wind
energy. The country enjoys approximately 3,000 hours of sunshine annually, making it one
of the world’s highest rates of solar insolation. Additionally, wind speeds average 5.3
meters per second across more than 90% of Morocco’s territory. Leveraging these
resources can significantly reduce Morocco’s reliance on fossil fuels.
Economic and Environmental Benefits
Fully harnessing its renewable energy potential can not only reduce Morocco’s
dependence on imported fuels but also enhance its competitive advantage in green
energy markets. This transition can also lead to substantial job creation. The Morocco
Country Climate and Development Report for 2022 estimates that shifting to over 85%
renewable electricity by 2050, up from 20% in 2021, could generate at least 28,000 jobs
annually within the renewable energy and efficiency sectors, totaling 140,000 jobs within
five years.
Private Sector Investments and Reform
To capitalize on these opportunities, Morocco will require significant investments in
renewable energy, primarily from the private sector. Attracting such investments depends
on further reforms in the country’s electricity market to ensure equitable access to
transmission and distribution networks at regulated tariffs.
A Key Role in Climate Strategy
Morocco’s energy sector plays a central role in the country’s climate change strategy,
contributing significantly to its mitigation efforts. The International Energy Agency has set
an ambitious goal of expanding renewable electricity generation from 17.6% in 2020 to
52% by 2030.
IMF Support for Climate Resilience
In September 2023, the IMF’s Executive Board approved an 18-month arrangement for
Morocco under the Resilience and Sustainability Facility (RSF), amounting to $1.32 billion.
This initiative aims to assist Morocco in addressing climate vulnerabilities, enhancing
climate resilience, and advancing decarbonization efforts.
Significant Investment Required
The IMF report highlights the need for a substantial increase in the installed capacity of
Morocco’s power sector, requiring an estimated investment of $46 billion in present value
terms to steer the country toward a low-carbon trajectory by the 2050s. This investment is
crucial to achieving Morocco’s climate goals and fostering a sustainable, resilient future.
November 3, 2023
Acute Food Insecurity Set to Worsen in 18 Hunger Hotspots by April 2024: FAO and WFP Report
Acute food insecurity is on the rise in 18 hunger hotspots, according to a recent report by
the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Food
Programme (WFP). These hotspots encompass 22 countries and territories, with the
report covering the period from November 2023 to April 2024. The selection of these
hotspots is based on expert consensus and analysis of various factors.
Identifying the Hotspots
The countries and territories identified in the report include Burkina Faso, Mali, Sudan,
South Sudan, Niger, Chad, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Palestine, Syrian Arab
Republic, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Djibouti, Yemen, Somalia, Ethiopia, Malawi, Zimbabwe,
Haiti, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua. In all these regions, food security
is expected to significantly deteriorate over the next six months.
Highest Concern Areas
Four African countries—Burkina Faso, Mali, South Sudan, and Sudan—are at the highest
level of concern due to escalating conflict and violence. Additionally, Palestine was added
to the list of highest concern areas due to a severe escalation of conflict in the Gaza Strip
in October 2023.
High-Risk Areas and Key Drivers
Afghanistan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Haiti, Pakistan, Somalia, the
Syrian Arab Republic, and Yemen are identified as high-risk areas in the report. Key drivers
of food insecurity in these regions include conflict, dry climatic conditions, economic
shocks, high food prices, and extreme weather events.
Impact of Weather Extremes
Weather extremes, such as heavy rains, tropical storms, cyclones, flooding, drought, and
increased climate variability, continue to play a significant role in driving acute food
insecurity in certain countries and regions.
Escalating Food Insecurity in Mali and Burkina Faso
Mali and Burkina Faso, already facing high levels of acute food insecurity, are expected to
experience further increases during the forecast period. Escalating violence is
exacerbating already severe access constraints in these regions.
Persistent Food Insecurity in South Sudan
South Sudan is expected to face critical levels of food insecurity even after harvests begin
in October. This is due to insufficient crop production, high staple food prices, and a lack
of resources to support returning populations from Sudan.
Sudan’s Ongoing Food Crisis
Sudan continues to grapple with a food crisis due to the devastating effects of conflict on
livelihoods, agriculture, and the economy. Internal displacement of 4.4 million people
between April and October 2023 has further worsened acute food insecurity.
The Importance of Humanitarian Response
The report underscores the importance of averting the further deterioration of acute food
insecurity and malnutrition. However, humanitarian access remains limited in various
ways, including insecurity due to organized violence, administrative hurdles, and
movement restrictions.
Recommendations
The report provides country-specific recommendations for emergency response and
anticipatory actions to address existing humanitarian needs and ensure short-term
protective interventions before new needs arise. The information in the report is based on
data available up to October 17, 2023.
Legal Identity and Rights-Based Return Management Conference

According to the United Nations’ International Organization for Migration (IOM),
approximately one billion people worldwide lack legal identity. This staggering statistic
means that these individuals remain invisible to their respective states, facing limitations
in accessing essential services and mobility options. To address this issue, the IOM
organized a Legal Identity and Rights-Based Return Management Conference at the UN
City in Copenhagen, Denmark, from October 30 to 31, 2023.
The Consequences of Invisible Status
The lack of legal identity compels these individuals to take longer, more perilous, and
irregular migration routes, as highlighted in the IOM’s press release. This situation creates
a range of challenges for these individuals and for the countries they move between.
Bridging the Gap through Dialogue
The conference aimed to facilitate dialogue between countries of origin and destination
for those without legal identities. Government officials from both sides gathered to
promote legal identity exchanges across regions. This collaborative effort is seen as a
pivotal step in making migration safer, more regular, and conducive to socioeconomic
growth. It emphasizes international cooperation and border governance partnerships.
Unlocking Opportunities Through Legal Identity
Jens Godtfredsen, Ambassador for Migration, Return, and Readmission at the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs of Denmark, stressed the importance of legal identification. Without it,
individuals face difficulties accessing social services, paying taxes, voting, or even opening
a bank account, all of which contribute to irregular migration. He called for a holistic
approach to address the global identity gap.
Overcoming Obstacles in Readmission Processes
Governments acknowledged the challenges hindering readmission processes for
migrants. These hurdles can be surmounted or reduced by strengthening a state’s legal
identity capacity, consular support, and collaboration among relevant government
agencies.
Promoting Best Practices
The conference underlined the significance of cross-regional exchanges to share best
practices and learn from one another. This collaborative approach aims to refine national
policies, enhance coordination mechanisms, and reduce migrants’ vulnerabilities by
adopting a rights-based approach.
Regional and International Cooperation
Representatives from various countries, including Somalia, Lebanon, Iraq, Cabo Verde, El
Salvador, and Mozambique, emphasized the importance of regional and international
cooperation. Such collaboration can drive the digitization of legal identity systems and
national archives, facilitating a rights-based approach to return management.
IOM’s Global Programme RELICA
The conference was organized under the umbrella of IOM’s Global Programme Enhancing
Readmission and Legal Identity Capacities (RELICA), launched in 2022. This initiative
underscores the commitment to address the global identity gap and promote legal
identities as a fundamental human right.
November 4, 2023
Ecological Threat Report 2023
A recent report by the Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP) warns that the number of
people living in countries facing severe ecological threats is expected to surge to 2.8
billion by 2050, up from the current 1.8 billion. These alarming findings come as a result of
increasing environmental challenges and climate-related events.
Hotspots in Sub-Saharan Africa
The IEP’s Ecological Threat Report 2023 highlights that over half of the countries facing
severe threats are located in sub-Saharan Africa. The report assesses global ecological
threats, pinpointing countries and regions most susceptible to conflict, civil unrest, and
displacement due to environmental degradation.
Scope of the Study
Covering 221 countries and independent territories, the report further delved into 3,594
sub-national areas, encompassing nearly the entire global population. Out of these areas,
66 countries currently confront at least one severe ecological threat.
Rising Concerns
The report reveals that the number of countries grappling with severe ecological threats
and limited societal resilience has surged from 27 to 30 in the past year. Sub-Saharan
Africa particularly stands out as a region with significantly heightened ecological threats.
Hotspot Nations
Among the 30 countries identified as hotspots for severe ecological threats and low
societal resilience, 19 are located in sub-Saharan Africa. Ethiopia, Niger, Somalia, and
South Sudan are considered the most vulnerable, with Ethiopia and Niger newly emerging
as hotspots. The report also adds Myanmar to the list of countries facing heightened
ecological threats.
Regions of Relative Safety
In contrast, Europe and North America remain the only regions where no country
currently faces a severe ecological threat, according to the report.
Key Threat Categories
The report categorizes ecological threats into four main areas: food insecurity, natural
disasters, demographic pressure, and water risk. Currently, 42 countries are experiencing
severe food insecurity, affecting nearly four billion people, primarily in sub-Saharan Africa.
Water Risk and Conflict
Water risk emerges as a significant global ecological threat, with two billion people lacking
access to safe drinking water. While sub-Saharan Africa faces the highest water risk, the
Middle East, North Africa, Russia, and Eurasia are also witnessing increasing challenges in
this regard. The report highlights that a 25% increase in food insecurity, lack of access to
clean drinking water, or natural disasters raises the risk of conflict by 36%, 18%, and 21%,
respectively.
Call for Action
The report underscores the urgency for world leaders to take action, invest in resilience-
building, and address ecological threats, especially as the 28th Conference of Parties
(COP28) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change approaches.
Steve Killelea, founder and executive chairman of IEP, emphasizes the need for proactive
measures to combat these threats and support affected communities.
Investment for Resilience
The report underscores the need for substantial investment to enhance resilience against
ecological threats, reducing the risk of conflict and forced migration. It also outlines
various policy recommendations aimed at assisting local communities in improving water
resources, agricultural yields, and overall resilience.
2023 Adaptation Gap Report
According to the 2023 Adaptation Gap Report, climate adaptation finance from public
multilateral and bilateral sources, such as the World Bank, declined by 15 percent in 2021,
reaching approximately $21 billion.
Unmet Pledges from COP26
Despite promises made at the 26th Conference of Parties (COP26) to the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change in Glasgow to double adaptation finance
support to around $40 billion per year by 2025, the United Nations Environment
Programme (UNEP) reveals a concerning dip in funding.
Domestic Budgets Take Center Stage
The UNEP report underscores that domestic budgets have become the primary source of
funding for adaptation in many developing countries. These nations allocate between 0.2
percent to over 5 percent of their government budgets to adaptation efforts.
Adaptation Finance Gaps Persist
Authors of the report note that neither domestic nor private funding sources have been
able to bridge the adaptation finance gaps, particularly in low-income countries, including
Least Developing Countries and Small Island Developing Nations.
National-Level Adaptation Planning on the Rise
Encouragingly, the report finds that 85 percent of countries now have at least one
national-level adaptation planning instrument, such as a policy, strategy, or plan, in place
to address the challenges of climate change.
A Growing Global Finance Gap
The Adaptation Gap Report estimates that the current global adaptation finance gap,
representing the difference between needs and actual financial flows, ranges from $194
billion to $366 billion annually.
Disparity Between Finance Needs and Support
Developing countries now face adaptation finance needs that are 10-18 times larger than
international public finance flows, revealing a significant disparity in support.
Neglect and Fossil Fuel Investments
Harjeet Singh, head of global political strategy at Climate Action Network International,
laments the widening adaptation finance gap as a stark indicator of years of neglect. He
points out that affluent nations exacerbate the climate crisis with persistent investments
in fossil fuels rather than providing support to developing countries.
Cost of Adaptation for Developing Nations
The total cost of adaptation for developing countries amounts to $215 billion per year,
covering planning, preparation, facilitation, and implementation of measures to mitigate
climate change’s harmful effects or harness beneficial opportunities.
Regional Differences in Adaptation Costs
Certain adaptation measures, such as river flood protection, infrastructure development,
and coastal protection, demand the highest adaptation costs in regions like East Asia and
the Pacific, as well as Latin America and the Caribbean.
Disproportionate Burden on Low-Income Countries
Although the absolute adaptation costs are significantly higher in upper and lower-
middle-income countries, low-income nations bear a greater burden when costs are
expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Low-income countries
allocate 3.5 percent of GDP to adaptation, compared to 0.7 percent for lower-middle-
income countries and 0.5 percent for upper-middle-income countries.
Costs for Least Developing Countries and Small Island Nations
Least Developing Countries face annual estimated adaptation costs of $25 billion (2
percent of GDP), while Small Island Developed nations incur costs of $4.7 billion per year
(0.7 percent of GDP).
Urgent Need for Adaptation Financing
In a world increasingly battered by extreme weather events, adaptation financing is
urgently needed. Studies reveal that every billion dollars invested in adaptation against
coastal flooding can lead to a $14 billion reduction in economic damages. Similarly, an
annual investment of $16 billion in agriculture can save 78 million people from starvation
or chronic hunger due to climate impacts.
WMO's State of Climate Services Report
As the world witnesses a faster warming trend than ever before, the global population’s
health is increasingly at risk. Climate change poses a substantial threat to public health,
particularly in vulnerable communities. A multi-agency report coordinated by the World
Meteorological Organization (WMO) emphasizes the urgent need for accessible climate
information and services to support the health sector. This report is part of WMO’s annual
State of Climate Services series and focuses on health-related challenges.
Climate Change’s Impact on Health
Climate change introduces a range of health challenges, including extreme weather
events, deteriorating air quality, shifting disease patterns, and food and water insecurity.
These factors threaten to undermine decades of progress in health and well-being,
especially in vulnerable communities.
Growing Urgency for Climate Action
With heatwaves impacting nearly the entire planet, the onset of El Nino in 2023 is
expected to exacerbate temperature records and extreme heat events globally. This
situation underscores the urgency of addressing climate change’s effects on health.
Collaborative Solutions Needed
Collaboration and investment are essential to enhance the impact of climate science and
services on health. Strengthening partnerships can ensure that the health sector receives
the support it needs to combat the growing challenges posed by climate change.
Real-World Success Stories
The report showcases real-world case studies from around the world, illustrating how
integrated climate and health action can make a tangible difference in people’s lives.
Examples include early warning systems for extreme heat, pollen monitoring for allergy
sufferers, and satellite surveillance for climate-sensitive diseases.
The Climate-Health Crisis
The report emphasizes that the climate crisis is, in essence, a health crisis. Climate change
intensifies extreme weather events, fuels disease outbreaks, and contributes to higher
rates of noncommunicable diseases.
Early Warning Systems Vital
The report highlights the importance of early warning systems, particularly in the face of
an anticipated increase in the number of large-scale disaster events. Countries with
limited early warning coverage experience significantly higher disaster mortality rates.
The Hidden Impact of Extreme Heat
Extreme heat, responsible for the most fatalities among all extreme weather events, often
goes underestimated. Heat-related mortality could be up to 30 times higher than reported
figures. Despite this, heat warning services are available in only half of the affected
countries.
Air Quality and Climate Change
Climate change exacerbates air pollution, which is already responsible for millions of
premature deaths annually. Addressing air quality is crucial for public health, yet only a
small fraction of climate finance is explicitly aimed at tackling air pollution.
Food Insecurity Worsens
Climate change heightens the risk of food insecurity as droughts and heatwaves become
more prevalent. This leads to a rise in food insecurity rates, impacting millions of people
worldwide.
Impact on Disease Transmission
Changing climatic conditions enhance the transmission of infectious diseases related to
water, food, and vectors. For example, dengue is spreading rapidly, and the malaria
transmission season has lengthened in certain areas.
The Complex Challenges
The report identifies critical challenges at the intersections of water, food security,
nutrition, infectious diseases, and extreme weather and air quality, particularly in urban
areas.
Preparing for the Future
To address these challenges, institutional development and integration between the

health and climate sectors must undergo transformational change. Adequate investment
is crucial to prepare the health community for the potential shocks and pressures brought
on by climate variability and change.
A Collaborative Effort
Recognizing the need for action, the World Meteorological Congress approved a 10-year
strategy to advance integrated climate, environment, and health science and services in
collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO) and other health partners. This
strategy aims to tackle the pressing challenges at the intersection of climate and health
from 2023 to 2033.
Fossil Fuel Usage in Food Production Equals EU and Russia's Emissions
A recent report, released on November 2, 2023, has unveiled a startling revelation: food
production is responsible for approximately 15 percent of global fossil fuel usage each
year, equivalent to a staggering 4.6 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide emissions. This finding
places food production’s emissions on par with the combined emissions of all European
Union countries and Russia. This report represents the first-ever comprehensive estimate
of global fossil fuel usage across the entire food supply chain, spanning from farm to
table.
Petrochemical Investments Reinforce Carbon Reliance
The data exposes a concerning trend: as the world shifts away from fossil fuels for
transportation and energy, the fossil fuel industry is doubling down on its investments in
petrochemicals. These investments are used to manufacture plastics, pesticides, and
fertilizers, reinforcing the food system’s reliance on high-carbon energy sources.
Fossil Fuels Weave Through Food Production
The report, published by the Global Alliance for the Future of Food and Dalberg Advisers,
reveals that fossil fuels play a crucial role at every stage of the industrial food production
value chain. These stages include input production, land use and agricultural production,
processing and packaging, and retail, consumption, and waste.
A Call for Systemic Change
Advocating for a radical transformation of food systems, the report underscores the
urgent need to sever the connection between food production and fossil fuels. Under a
business-as-usual scenario, global food demand is projected to rise by 35-56 percent by
2050, leading to a corresponding surge in fossil fuel consumption.
Energy Demands Across the Food Chain
Energy is a vital component at multiple stages of the food production process, including
production and packaging, operation of machinery and equipment, transportation
systems, storage, and cooking. Among these stages, processing and packaging are the
most energy-intensive, accounting for approximately 42 percent of global energy
consumption, followed closely by retail, consumption, and waste at 38 percent.
The Growing Impact of Food Transportation
Food transportation is a major driver of energy consumption, particularly as the distance
food travels has increased by 25 percent over the past two decades. This trend has led to
higher emissions due to the need for increased packaging and more stringent processing
requirements.
High-Energy Retail and Waste
The “retail, consumption, and waste” stage of the food chain is heavily influenced by food
transportation, embedded plastics, cooking, and food waste. This impact is especially
pronounced in high-income countries, where retail operations require substantial energy
due to the consumption of processed foods and the associated refrigeration demands.
Input and Agricultural Production
The input and agricultural production stages collectively account for 20 percent of energy
consumption within food systems. Land use and agricultural production make up around
15 percent, while input production, including the fossil fuel-dependent production of
fertilizers, contributes roughly 5 percent. The use of fossil fuels in fertilizer production is
expected to rise significantly by 2050.
Corporate Concentration and Transformation
The report also highlights the domination of a few large multinational corporations in
both the agri-food and energy sectors. These entities have a vested interest in maintaining
the existing fossil fuel and chemical-dependent industrial food system. The authors
emphasize the need to address corporate power concentration and promote the
involvement of smallholder farmers, small-scale fishers, local communities, and other
stakeholders in achieving real transformation in food systems.
PM Modi Inaugurates 'World Food India 2023' in New Delhi
Prime Minister Narendra Modi officially opened the second edition of ‘World Food India
2023’ at Bharat Mandapam, Pragati Maidan, New Delhi recently.
Empowering Self Help Groups
During the inauguration, the Prime Minister also extended Seed Capital Assistance to over
one lakh members of Self Help Groups (SHGs) to strengthen these groups. This support,
marked by superior packaging and high-quality manufacturing, is aimed at enabling SHGs
to command better prices in the market.
A Culinary Extravaganza
PM Modi inaugurated the ‘Food Street’ as part of World Food India 2023. This unique
feature will showcase regional cuisines and India’s rich culinary heritage. Over 200 chefs
will participate, presenting traditional Indian cuisine, promising an exceptional culinary
experience.
Showcasing India’s Food Potential
The event’s primary objective is to present India as the ‘food basket of the world’ while
celebrating 2023 as the International Year of Millets. It provides a platform for
government bodies, industry professionals, farmers, entrepreneurs, and stakeholders to
engage in discussions, form partnerships, and explore investment opportunities in the
agri-food sector. CEO roundtables will focus on investment and Ease of Doing Business.
A Multifaceted Event
World Food India 2023 will feature pavilions highlighting the innovation and strength of
India’s food processing industry. The event will host 48 sessions covering various aspects
of the food processing industry, with a focus on financial empowerment, quality
assurance, and innovations in machinery and technology.
International Participation
Over 80 countries are expected to participate in the event, including CEOs of prominent
food processing companies. A Reverse Buyer Seller Meet will bring together over 1200
overseas buyers from more than 80 countries. The Netherlands will serve as the partner
country, and Japan will be the event’s focus country.
Celebrating Millets
In honor of the International Year of Millets 2023, a monumental installation of 50,000
tetra-pack containers of millet beverages will be created and distributed to
underprivileged children. The three-day event, expected to draw 75,000 visitors, will also
feature cultural programs, including dance and musical performances.
November 6, 2023
Ancient Flesh-Eating Lampreys Discovered in Chinese Fossils
Chinese paleontologists have unearthed two remarkable species of lamprey from 160-
million-year-old fossils in North China. These jawless fish, resembling eels, are known for
their parasitic nature, using their disc-shaped mouths and sharp teeth to attach to prey
and feed on their blood. However, the recently discovered lampreys exhibited a unique
behavior—they were flesh eaters with incredibly powerful bites that could even crack their
prey’s skeletons.
Discovery in North China
The fossils of these lampreys were found in a fossil bed in North China. The larger of
the two lamprey species measures approximately 23 inches in length and has been
named Yanliaomyzon occisor, with “occisor” meaning “killer” in Latin.
The smaller species, around 11 inches long, is called Yanliaomyzon ingensdentes,
derived from Latin words signifying “large teeth.”
The fossils were exceptionally well-preserved, allowing paleontologists to examine
their biting structures and oral discs in detail.
A Surprising Evolutionary Connection
These newly discovered species date back to the Jurassic period when dinosaurs
roamed the Earth. They serve as a crucial missing link between early lampreys and
the 31 surviving species found today.
Early lamprey fossils from around 360 million years ago in the Paleozoic era reveal
smaller creatures, about an inch in length, with underdeveloped feeding structures,
suggesting they did not feed on blood or flesh.
Furthermore, these ancient lampreys did not undergo metamorphosis as modern
lampreys do, transitioning through three distinct life stages.
Insight into Lamprey Evolution
The discovery sheds light on the evolution of lampreys, revealing that their ancestors
might have had a different dietary preference, focusing on flesh rather than blood. These
ancient lampreys challenge the common perception of lampreys as “water vampires” and
provide valuable insights into the adaptation and transformation of these fascinating
creatures over millions of years.
Jharkhand Government Initiates Land Title Drive Under Forest Rights Act
On November 6, the Jharkhand government launched a special campaign named “Abua
Bir Dishom Abhiyan” with the goal of providing land title certificates to individuals and
communities under the Forest Rights Act. This initiative is aimed at recognizing and
securing the rights of Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers to self-
cultivation, habitation, and various other activities within forest areas. Here, we delve into
the reasons behind this drive and the challenges it faces.
Why Now?
The decision to launch this campaign comes after a gap of nine years. The Jharkhand
government cited data submitted to the Supreme Court, revealing that it had received
98,308 Individual Forest Rights (IFR) and 2,695 Community Forest Rights (CFR) applications
since the state’s formation in November 2000. Out of these, only 60,021 IFR titles and
2,013 CFR titles have been granted, covering approximately 2.17 lakh acres of forest land.
Comparatively, Chhattisgarh, which was formed around the same time as Jharkhand, has
processed 9.28 lakh title claims and distributed 5.28 lakh titles as of June 30, 2023.
Government’s Approach
The Jharkhand government is determined to streamline the process of generating Forest
Rights Act claims and distributing titles. To achieve this, it has established a dedicated
website and mobile application to facilitate tracking of applications and verification of
geotagged land parcels. Secretary of the Department of Scheduled Tribe, Scheduled Caste,
Minority, and Backward Class Welfare, Rajiv Arun Ekka, has instructed all 24 Deputy
Commissioners to form or reconstitute Forest Rights Committees (FRC) at the village level.
Additionally, monitoring committees will be established at the sub-divisional and district
levels.
Last month, Deputy Commissioners were directed to organize Gram Sabhas in all villages
within their districts to create FRCs in the presence of an observer. The next phase will
involve conducting special Gram Sabhas in all villages from November 1 to 15, where both
new and previously pending or rejected claims will be considered.
Challenges Ahead
Implementing the Forest Rights Act presents several challenges. One of the hurdles is
shifting the mindset of some forest officials who view forest dwellers as encroachers.
Overcoming this perception is essential to ensure justice for forest dwellers.
Policy-level implementation may also pose challenges. Currently, the verification of claims
involves a circle officer and a forest ranger, but the titles must be granted by the district
welfare officer. Hierarchical issues and a shortage of forest rangers may complicate the
process. Additionally, the year 2024 will see elections for both Lok Sabha and Vidhan
Sabha in the state, adding a layer of complexity to the initiative. However, the government
is actively seeking knowledge and technology partners with experience in similar projects
to overcome these challenges.
November 7, 2023
Ministry of Tourism Showcases 'Incredible India' at WTM London 2023
The Ministry of Tourism, India, along with various stakeholders, is actively participating in
the World Travel Market (WTM) London from November 6 to November 8, 2023. The
Ministry has set up an impressive 650-square-meter space for the ‘Incredible India
Pavilion’ at WTM 2023, London. The pavilion serves as a platform to showcase a diverse
array of tourism products and transformative experiences for travelers under the theme
‘Incredible India! Visit India Year 2023.’
Inauguration and Highlights
The formal inauguration of the Indian Pavilion was conducted by Ms. V. Vidyavathi,
Secretary, Ministry of Tourism, Government of India, and H.E. Vikram Doraiswami, High
Commissioner of India to the UK, in the presence of Shri Rohan Khaunte, Minister of
Tourism, Government of Goa. The inauguration featured ribbon-cutting, lamp lighting,
Ganesh Vandana, and welcome remarks by the Secretary, Ministry of Tourism, and the
High Commissioner of India to the UK.
After the inauguration, the Indian delegation and participants explored the Indian Pavilion
and booths of various participating states and stakeholders. The day was filled with
cultural performances, henna, and yoga sessions, offering attendees a taste of India’s rich
culture and traditions.
Participation and Networking
WTM 2023 features 47 participants, including tour operators, destination
management companies (DMCs), and State Tourism Departments from various
regions of India.
States like Delhi, Uttarakhand, Jammu & Kashmir, Bihar, Meghalaya, Arunachal
Pradesh, Odisha, Assam, and the Indian Railways Catering and Tourism Corporation
(IRCTC) are part of the Incredible India Pavilion.
Additionally, States Tourism Departments, such as Kerala, Karnataka, Ladakh,
Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Goa, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Gujarat, have set
up their own pavilions to showcase their products and services, fostering
connections with potential clients and partners.
The Ministry of Tourism aims to leverage WTM 2023 as a platform for networking,
business opportunities, and the exchange of ideas within the travel and tourism
industry. The event draws a diverse range of attendees, including travel agencies,
tour operators, airlines, hoteliers, cruise lines, travel technology providers, and
tourism boards.
Focus on Sustainable Tourism
Aside from presenting a wide array of tourism products and transformative

experiences, the Ministry of Tourism is prioritizing the promotion of sustainable
tourism.
The Ministry recently launched the ‘Travel for LiFE’ program on September 27, 2023,
on World Tourism Day.
This initiative aligns with Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi’s vision of Mission LiFE
(Lifestyle for Environment) and encourages individuals and communities to take
action for environmental protection against the effects of climate change on a global
scale.
India Successfully Tests Pralay Tactical Ballistic Missile
On November 7, India conducted a successful test of the Pralay tactical ballistic missile off
the coast of Odisha. The test marked a significant milestone as the missile covered its
entire range of approximately 500 kilometers, demonstrating its operational capabilities
effectively. Defense officials have reported that the test was highly successful and met all
predetermined parameters.
Pralay Missile: Key Details
The Pralay missile, short for “Pralaya: Apocalypse,” is a canisterized tactical, surface-
to-surface, short-range ballistic missile (SRBM) designed for battlefield use.
It has been developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation
(DRDO).
This missile incorporates technologies derived from India’s Ballistic Missile Defence
Programme, specifically the exoatmospheric interceptor missile Prithvi Defence
Vehicle (PDV), and the Prahaar tactical missile.
The project to develop Pralay was sanctioned in March 2015, with a budget of
₹332.88 crore.
It is a versatile ballistic missile designed for conventional roles and is slated for
induction into the defense forces in substantial numbers.
The missile is expected to enhance India’s military capabilities significantly.
Upcoming Induction
The Defense and Research Development Organisation has stated that the Pralay missile
will soon be ready for induction into the armed forces. India has previously conducted
successful tests of this missile, and its induction has received support from late Chief of
Defence Staff Gen Bipin Rawat during his tenure as Chief of Army Staff.
November 8, 2023
IREDA Launches CSR Portal for Enhanced Transparency in Social Initiatives
The Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency (IREDA), operating under the Ministry
of New and Renewable Energy, has unveiled a Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) portal
aimed at bolstering transparency in its CSR initiatives. This initiative aligns with IREDA’s
commitment to social responsibility and sustainability.
Enhancing Transparency
The newly launched CSR portal will serve as a platform for transparently managing
CSR requests from various organizations and institutions.
Accessible 24/7, it includes a CSR policy and proposal checklist for scrutinizing CSR
requests effectively.
By promoting transparency and accessibility, the portal aims to streamline the
execution of IREDA’s social welfare projects, making them easily accessible to the
public.
Key Features of the Portal
Accessibility: The portal can be accessed at any time by stakeholders.
CSR Policy: It incorporates a CSR policy for guidance.
Proposal Checklist: A checklist is available for reviewing CSR requests.
Efficiency: The portal will enhance the efficiency of CSR initiatives.
Public Access: It makes CSR efforts readily available to the public.
Other Measures by IREDA
IREDA, in 2021, launched the Whistle Blower Portal, establishing the company as the
first Central Public Sector Enterprise (CPSE) to offer such an online platform.
During “Vigilance Awareness Week 2023,” IREDA organized various competitions,
and prizes were distributed to the winners during the valedictory function. This event
underscores IREDA’s holistic approach to corporate responsibility and ethical
governance.
November 9, 2023
Pusa-2090 Offers Hope to Punjab Farmers
In recent times, the issue of stubble burning in Punjab, India, has drawn significant
attention due to its severe environmental impact. While farmers resort to burning crop
residue to prepare fields for the next wheat crop, this practice contributes to air pollution
and threatens public health. One variety of rice, Pusa-44, has been at the center of this
issue, but a new development offers hope for a sustainable solution.
The Pusa-44 Conundrum
Pusa-44, a long-duration rice variety bred by the Indian Agricultural Research Institute
(IARI), has been a favored choice among farmers for its high yield of 35-36 quintals per
acre. However, it takes a lengthy 155-160 days to mature, leaving little time for field
preparation before the next crop. As a result, farmers have been burning the leftover
stubble after harvesting, exacerbating the issue of stubble burning.
Meet Pusa-2090 – A Game Changer
IARI has introduced a new rice variety, Pusa-2090, which offers an alternative to Pusa-44.
This improved variety matures in just 120-125 days, making it a quicker option for farmers.
Pusa-2090 is a cross between Pusa-44 and CB-501, an early-maturing Japonica rice line.
CB-501 not only matures early but also contributes to stronger rice stems and higher grain
production per panicle.
Promising Results and Farmer Support
Pusa-2090 has undergone testing at the All-India Coordinated Rice Improvement Project
trials in recent years and has officially been identified for cultivation in Delhi and Odisha.
Farmers like Gurmeet Singh Sandhu have started planting Pusa-2090 and report
promising yield results. With the potential to yield 35-36 quintals or more, Pusa-2090 could
become a viable alternative to Pusa-44.
The Road Ahead
While Pusa-44 continues to dominate rice cultivation in Punjab, there is hope that
Pusa-2090 can provide a more sustainable and environmentally friendly option. Farmers in
the region are eager to embrace this new variety, and its adoption may reduce the
practice of stubble burning, benefiting both the environment and public health. Punjab’s
agricultural landscape is evolving, and Pusa-2090 represents a significant step towards a
more sustainable future.
How Gaza's Health Ministry Tracks Casualties Amid Conflict
As Israel’s bombardment of the Gaza Strip intensifies, the death toll in this Palestinian
enclave has reached a staggering number, surpassing 10,000 people. With the borders
sealed by Israel, Gaza’s Ministry of Health serves as the primary source for casualty
figures, making it crucial for news organizations, human rights groups, and international
bodies, including the United Nations.
Control of the Ministry
Gaza’s Ministry of Health operates under the control of the Hamas government, which
differs from its political and security agencies. Health and education services in Gaza
remain under the jurisdiction of the Palestinian Authority (PA), even though Hamas took
control following the 2006 Palestinian Legislative Council (PLC) elections. The PA
administers parts of the Israeli-occupied West Bank and has its own health ministry in
Ramallah, responsible for providing medical equipment, paying salaries to ministry
employees, and managing patient transfers from Gaza to Israeli hospitals.
Calculation of the Death Toll
The ministry tracks casualties by maintaining records of wounded individuals in hospitals
and documenting deceased bodies in morgues. This data is entered into a computerized
system shared with the ministry’s spokesperson, Ashraf al-Qidra, who disseminates the
information to the media and various organizations. While connectivity issues can pose
challenges, al-Qidra and his colleagues verify the numbers. Additionally, the ministry
receives data from other sources, including the Palestinian Red Crescent.
Release of Casualty Updates
The ministry provides regular updates on casualties, typically releasing figures every few
hours. These updates include the number of dead and wounded, categorized by gender
and age. However, the ministry generally does not disclose the names, ages, or specific
locations of the victims. An exception occurred on October 27, when the ministry issued a
comprehensive 212-page report listing every Palestinian killed in the conflict, including
their names, ID numbers, ages, and genders. This was done in response to doubts raised
by the United States regarding the ministry’s figures.
Differentiating Between Civilians and Combatants
The Gaza Ministry of Health does not distinguish between civilians and combatants in its
casualty reports. This distinction often becomes clear only after investigations by the
United Nations, human rights groups, and when militant groups provide their own tallies
of members killed.
Reliability of the Ministry’s Data
According to Human Rights Watch, the ministry’s casualty figures are generally
considered to be fairly accurate, with no major errors reported in their investigations of
Gazan casualties in previous conflicts. Additionally, UN agencies, the International
Committee of the Red Cross, and the Palestinian Red Crescent rely on these figures for
their assessments of the situation.
Climate Change Displacing Animals
A recent analysis published in the journal Nature Ecology & Evolution sheds light on the
profound consequences of extreme weather events, exacerbated by climate change, on
native and non-native species. As our planet experiences an increase in the frequency and
severity of extreme weather events like heatwaves, cold snaps, droughts, and floods,
ecosystems are undergoing significant transformations.
The Significance of Research
Conducted by a team from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, this research underscores
the critical importance of studying the repercussions of extreme weather on ecosystems.
Although this field of study is still in its early stages, it plays a pivotal role in
comprehending how global warming is impacting biodiversity.
Alarming Discoveries
The research team examined 443 studies encompassing 1,852 native and 187 non-native
species across diverse habitats. The findings revealed that non-native species generally
exhibit more favorable responses to extreme weather or, at the very least, experience
fewer adverse effects. Native terrestrial animals were particularly vulnerable to
heatwaves, cold spells, and droughts, while native freshwater animals proved susceptible
to most extreme events, except cold spells. In contrast, non-native terrestrial animals were
primarily affected by heatwaves, and non-native freshwater animals mainly suffered from
storms. Non-native marine animals displayed relatively lower sensitivity to disturbances.
Factors Favoring Non-Native Species
Non-native organisms’ ability to withstand extreme weather events can be attributed to
their characteristics, such as high reproduction rates, adaptability in behavior and
physiology, and greater tolerance for disturbances. These attributes equip them to thrive
when native species are negatively impacted by extreme events.
Caution in Interpretation
While the study has received acclaim, some researchers urge caution in drawing definitive
conclusions. The majority of the studies examined originated from North America and
Western Europe, leaving gaps in our understanding of ecological impacts in other regions.
Researchers stress the need for a more globally inclusive study to provide a
comprehensive perspective.
Dynamic Ecosystems
Ecosystems are in a constant state of flux, and natural disasters often play a role in
maintaining species balance. It is crucial to consider whether the measured responses in
the studies capture long-term ecosystem changes or represent transient dynamics
following disturbances.
Safeguarding Native Species
This study underscores the urgency of monitoring areas affected by extreme weather
events and prioritizing efforts to aid the recovery of native species. By promoting recovery
and preventing the disappearance of vulnerable native species, there is an opportunity for
these species to adapt to the evolving weather patterns driven by climate change.
Global Impact of Invasive Species
A report from the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and
Ecosystem Services for the United Nations highlights the global economic losses
exceeding $423 billion annually due to thousands of invasive species introduced to new
ecosystems. These invaders harm nature, disrupt food systems, and pose threats to
human health.
Mobile Phone Usage Linked to Low Sperm Count in Men: Study
Recent research has unveiled a connection between mobile phone usage and low sperm
counts in men. Over the past five decades, global sperm counts have seen a decline of
more than 50%. The study aims to shed light on the possible factors contributing to this
alarming trend.
The Study’s Focus and Findings
The study focused on young men aged 18 to 22 and discovered that those who used their
phones more than 20 times a day had a 21% higher risk of experiencing a low overall
sperm count. Additionally, this group exhibited a 30% higher risk of having a low sperm
concentration, a key measure of sperm count in a milliliter of semen. The study did not
specify whether the men primarily made calls, sent text messages, or used their phones
for both purposes.
Evolution of Phone Technology
The study also observed that the impact on sperm count gradually decreased over the 13-
year study period, suggesting a potential correlation with the evolution of phone
technology. Intriguingly, older 2G and 3G phones appeared to have a more significant
effect compared to modern 4G and 5G versions, although the reason behind this remains
unclear.
Sperm Shape and Motility
While the study raised concerns about sperm counts, it did not find any decline in the
shape and motility of the sperm. Experts emphasize that factors like sperm health, DNA
integrity, and morphology are equally crucial for fertility.
Recommendations for Men
Medical professionals advise men looking to improve their sperm health to focus on a
balanced lifestyle. This includes regular exercise (while avoiding overheating in the groin
area), a healthy diet, maintaining an ideal weight, abstaining from smoking, limiting
alcohol consumption, and seeking medical assistance if facing fertility challenges. The
study’s findings should not lead to drastic lifestyle changes but rather encourage
awareness of overall health.
Understanding the Impact of Mobile Phones
Mobile phones have become an integral part of modern life, emitting low-level
radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. These fields can cause a slight increase in
surrounding tissue temperature when phones are operating at maximum power.
However, the impact varies depending on phone usage, such as talking or sending data.
Mitigating Risks
Experts suggest measures to reduce potential risks, such as keeping the phone away from
the body and head, using speakerphone or headphones, and carrying the phone in a
backpack, briefcase, or purse. The California Department of Public Health recommends
such precautions, particularly when texting, downloading large files, streaming media, or
having low signal strength while in fast-moving vehicles.
Ongoing Controversy and Discussion
The impact of cell phones on male fertility has been a topic of debate and discussion for
several years. While the study’s findings raise important questions, further research is
needed to fully understand the relationship between mobile phone usage and male
reproductive health.
IEA: India's Energy Efficiency Building Codes Leading the Way in Sustainable Construction
A recent report from the Paris-based International Energy Agency (IEA) in its World Energy
Outlook 2023 has highlighted India’s commendable progress in the realm of energy
efficiency building codes. India’s Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC), 2017,
specifically for commercial buildings, stands out as a noteworthy achievement in the fight
against climate change.
ECBC’s Significance
The ECBC, introduced by the Ministry of Power’s Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE), was
initially released in 2007 and received an update in 2017. It has now been implemented in
23 states, with others in the process of drafting rules. ECBC plays a crucial role in
addressing the energy consumption of buildings, which currently account for 30% of
India’s total electricity usage, a figure expected to rise to 50% by 2042.
Understanding ECBC
The Energy Conservation Building Code sets minimum energy standards for commercial
buildings, aiming to achieve energy savings ranging from 25% to 50% in compliant
structures. It applies to various commercial buildings such as hospitals, hotels, schools,
shopping complexes, and multiplexes with specific criteria for connected load and
contract demand.
Components of ECBC
ECBC focuses on six key building design components, including the building envelope
(walls, roofs, windows), lighting systems, HVAC systems, and electrical power systems.
These components have mandatory and prescriptive requirements, making compliance
flexible and adaptable. ECBC applies to both new construction and retrofitting existing
buildings, categorizing compliant structures into three efficiency levels: ECBC, ECBC Plus,
and Super ECBC.
ECBC’s Evolution
The 2017 version of ECBC introduced enhancements such as prioritizing renewable energy
integration, ease of compliance, passive building design strategies, and increased
flexibility for designers.
State Implementation of ECBC
While 23 out of 28 states have notified ECBC rules, only 15 states have adopted the latest
ECBC, 2017. This discrepancy highlights the need for uniform implementation across the
country. States that delay implementation risk missing out on substantial energy savings.
Potential Benefits and Savings
Effective ECBC compliance can result in significant energy savings, as demonstrated in the
case of Gujarat, which could save nearly 83 terawatt-hours of energy by 2030 with
comprehensive compliance. Such savings are vital, considering the growing electricity
consumption in the state.
State Energy Efficiency Index (SEEI)
The State Energy Efficiency Index (SEEI) rates states on various energy efficiency
parameters. Karnataka, Telangana, Haryana, Andhra Pradesh, and Punjab lead the
rankings, while Bihar and several other states lag behind in energy efficiency in buildings.
Future Prospects
India is making substantial strides in energy efficiency by transitioning ECBC into the
Energy Conservation and Sustainability Building Code. This transition includes measures
related to embedded carbon, net-zero emissions, materials and resource efficiency, clean
energy deployment, and circularity. The Energy Conservation (Amendment) Act, 2022, also
mandates the ECO Niwas Samhita for residential buildings, a significant step toward
overall energy conservation.
Rare Red Aurora Spotted in Ladakh
The night sky observatories of Hanle and Merak in Ladakh recently witnessed a
spectacular and rare event—a bright red aurora. This is an extraordinary occurrence for
India, where such phenomena are infrequent.
What are Auroras?
Auroras are stunning light displays in the sky, usually occurring near the poles. They
happen when solar particles collide with the Earth’s magnetic field. This collision creates
vivid patterns of light, which are a sight to behold.
Observations at Hanle and Merak
The Hanle observatory successfully captured images of the aurora towards the northern
horizon. Unfortunately, the Merak observatory, located near Pangong Tso, faced
obstructions from nearby mountains.
Aurora Events at Hanle
This is not the first time Hanle observatory has recorded such an event; another aurora
was documented earlier this year on April 23. Auroras are typically seen in polar regions
and are rare in equatorial areas like India. However, intense solar activities can sometimes
make them visible farther from the poles.
Increased Aurora Activity Expected
Researchers have forecasted an increase in aurora events in the next couple of years. This
increase is due to the 11-year solar cycle, and we are currently in an ascending phase with
more solar flares anticipated leading up to the peak in 2025.
Hanle: A Dark Sky Reserve
Hanle’s significance stems from being India’s only dark sky reserve, where efforts are
made to minimize light pollution, providing an ideal location for observing such natural
spectacles.
Subansiri Lower Hydroelectric Project
On October 27, the Subansiri Lower Hydroelectric Project, which had already faced
significant delays, encountered another setback. Located on the border of Arunachal
Pradesh and Assam, this project experienced a substantial hillside collapse on the left side
of the dam, leading to the deposition of debris into its reservoir. This event resulted in the
obstruction of the only operational diversion tunnel and halted the flow of water
downstream of the dam into the Subansiri River, a significant tributary of the
Brahmaputra.
Venus's Atmospheric Composition
Venus is unique in the solar system for its slow rotation, with a day on Venus lasting as
long as 243 Earth days. This slow spin affects various aspects of its atmospheric behavior
and composition.
Production of Atomic Oxygen
On Venus, atomic oxygen is a crucial component of the upper atmosphere, generated on
the sunlit side by the decomposition of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. This atomic
oxygen is then carried to the planet’s dark side.
Although atomic oxygen plays a vital role in Venus’s atmospheric photochemistry and
energy dynamics, its presence on the dayside has not been directly observed until
recently.
New Insights from SOFIA
Researchers utilized the German Receiver for Astronomy at Terahertz Frequencies
(upGREAT) on NASA’s SOFIA aircraft to investigate 17 different spots on Venus’s day and
night sides. These observations occurred on November 10, 11, and 13, 2021.
Findings on Atomic Oxygen Distribution
Their research revealed atomic oxygen across all points examined, predominantly at
altitudes near 100 km. They recorded variations in density, with the highest on the
dayside.
Temperature Measurements
The team estimated the average Venusian brightness temperature at about 246 K,
situated around 65-70 km altitude, just over the cloud layer. The atomic oxygen
temperature was approximately 156 K during the day and around 115 K at night,
indicating an altitude of about 100 km.
Looking Ahead
Further observations will provide deeper insights into Venus’s atmospheric conditions,
aiding upcoming missions like NASA’s DAVINCI and ESA’s EnVision. These findings will
also contribute to a better understanding of the stark differences between the
atmospheres of Venus and Earth.
INDUS-X Investors' Meet Precedes Indo-US 2+2 Dialogue
In anticipation of the upcoming 2+2 Indo-US ministerial dialogue, a key meeting under the
aegis of Innovations for Defence Excellence (iDEX) of India and the US Department of
Defence took place. This meeting marked the first INDUS-X investors’ gathering and the
launch of the INDUS-X Educational Series (Gurukul).
Upcoming High-Level Dialogue
The Defence Minister of India, Rajnath Singh, and the Minister of External Affairs, Dr. S
Jaishankar, are scheduled to meet with US officials Antony J Blinken and Lloyd J Austin III
for the fifth edition of the India-US 2+2 ministerial dialogue. The dialogue aims to review
advancements in defence and security collaboration, technology partnerships, and
strengthen people-to-people connections.
Defence Innovation Challenges
At the INDUS-X event, it was communicated that two defence innovation challenges
focusing on underwater communications and oil spill detection are progressing. Presently,
the evaluation of applications from startups in both countries is in process. Notably, 297
startups have engaged via iDEX, with 30 receiving Acceptance of Necessity (AoN) and 10
contracts already signed.
Bilateral Representation and Opportunities
The Investors’ meet as a platform for startups, investors, incubators, and industry
representatives to explore collaborative prospects in the defence sector. They encouraged
participation in the joint IMPACT challenges and the newly introduced Gurukul
Educational Series.
Launch of INDUS-X
The INDUS-X initiative was inaugurated in June 2023 during Indian Prime Minister
Narendra Modi’s state visit to the US, aiming to bolster the strategic technology and
defence industrial collaboration between the two nations’ governments, business sectors,
and academic institutions.
HAL and CSIR-NAL Ink ToT for Tejas Mk1A Engine Bay Doors
Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd (HAL) has solidified a Transfer of Technology (ToT) agreement
with CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories (NAL) for the production of BMI Engine Bay
Doors, crucial for the LCA – Tejas Mk1A fighter jets of the Indian Air Force.
About Tejas Mk1A
The Tejas Mk1A is an advanced 4.5 generation fighter aircraft, designed for all-weather
and multi-role operations, and is a significant part of India’s indigenous defence
capabilities.
Details of the ToT
The agreement enables HAL to manufacture high-temperature resistant composite parts
crucial for the LCA Mk1A jets, addressing the initial needs of the IAF squadrons.
Innovations in Composite Structures
CSIR-NAL has developed, for the first time in India, a process technology for
manufacturing High Temperature Resistant Co-cured Composite Structures using Carbon-
BMI Prepreg. These are designed to endure service temperatures around 200 degrees
Celsius.
Challenges in Processing
The processing of Carbon-BMI presents challenges due to the low viscosity at high
temperatures, requiring careful containment of the resin within the laminate. Moreover,
the emission of volatiles and moisture during curing necessitates proper venting to avoid
defects like voids and delaminations.
CSIR-NAL’s Pioneering Role
Over three decades, CSIR-NAL has been instrumental in developing critical technologies
for the LCA – Tejas. Their Advanced Composites Division (ACD) has been at the forefront in
designing composite structures using innovative and cost-effective technologies, including
co-curing and co-bonding methods.
Impact on LCA-Tejas Development
CSIR-NAL’s developments have significantly contributed to the LCA-Tejas project, yielding
parts such as the Fin & Rudder, Wing Spars, and Undercarriage Doors. The lab’s
innovations have led to more than 20% cost savings and a 25% weight reduction in the
aircraft’s parts, enhancing structural efficiency by reducing mechanical joints.
Discovery of the Lost Continent of Argoland
During the dinosaur era, Earth was home to supercontinents—massive landmasses
comprising at least 75% of the Earth’s land. Pangea, Gondwana, and Pannotia are the
most recognized recent supercontinents. Earlier supercontinents included Nuna
(Columbia), Rodinia, and Ur.
Argoland: The Vanished Supercontinent
Argoland was a colossal continent that existed alongside northeastern Australia 155
million years ago.
This landmass, stretching 3,000 miles long, has been a long-standing geological
mystery.
Evidence of Existence
Scientists deduced the existence of Argoland from the Argo Abyssal Plain, a vast
basin beneath the ocean.
Remnants of Argoland are believed to be buried under parts of Southwest Asia,
including Indonesia and Myanmar.

Solving the Mystery
Using paleomagnetic observations, researchers have traced the fragmentation of
Argoland.
The continent began breaking apart around 300 million years ago, during
Gondwana’s era.
Research Findings
The study identifies fragments of Argoland in regions like Southwest Borneo and
West Burma.
Unlike other continents that split into two, Argoland shattered into numerous pieces,
making its historical path complex.
Implications of the Discovery
The findings challenge the notion that continents can disappear without a trace.
This research enables more accurate reconstructions of Earth’s geological past,
illustrating the dynamic changes of continental structures.
Record-Breaking Global Temperatures in 2023
The year 2023 is predicted to be the hottest year in the last 125,000 years, as stated by
European Union scientists. October 2023 has set a new record as the hottest October
recorded during this period.
Magnitude of the October Heat Record
The previous record from October 2019 was surpassed by a significant margin of 0.4
degrees Celsius.
Samantha Burgess of C3S labeled the October temperature spike as “very extreme.”
Causes of the Rising Temperatures
The primary cause is ongoing greenhouse gas emissions from human activities.
The heat has been exacerbated by the El Niño weather phenomenon, which
increases the temperature of the Pacific Ocean surface waters.
Comparisons to Historical Data
October’s average global surface air temperature was 1.7 degrees Celsius higher
than in the pre-industrial era of 1850-1900.
The data from Copernicus, dating back to 1940, combined with IPCC’s long-term data
indicates this year’s exceptional warmth.
Surprising Trends in Climate Records
The temperature record for September 2023 was also notably higher, raising
questions about a new climate state.
Records are being broken with increasing frequency, suggesting a trend rather than
isolated incidents.
The Debate Over "Unabated" Fossil Fuels
“Unabated” emissions refer to the release of greenhouse gases from burning fossil fuels
without any reduction measures. COP27 established intentions to phase down “unabated
coal power,” the most polluting fossil fuel.
What Does “Abated” Mean?
There’s no clear definition of “abated” fossil fuels, leading to political advantages
and compromises.
Ambiguity allows for varied interpretations, which could undermine climate change
mitigation efforts.
Implications of Definitions
A broad definition could lead to insignificant emission reductions, risking surpassing
the critical 1.5C warming limit.
A stricter definition could contribute to maintaining the possibility of the 1.5C target
by imposing strict emission limits.
Diverse Positions of Nations
Nations are divided on the issue, with some calling for the complete phase-out of
fossil fuel production and use.
Fossil fuel-producing countries and those reliant on coal, like Saudi Arabia, Russia,
the UAE, India, and China, prefer less specific language.
The G7 and the U.S. advocate for phasing out unabated fossil fuels with support for
carbon capture and storage (CCS).
The EU aims for an energy sector predominantly free from fossil fuels by 2050,
though “predominantly” lacks precision.
Seeking a Clear Definition
A footnote in a 2023 IPCC report suggests that “abated” should mean a substantial
reduction in emissions, like capturing 90% or more CO2 from power plants.
Researchers propose that “abated” should be used only when emissions reductions
are between 90-95%, and methane leaks are near zero.
The Urgency for Standards
Scientists stress the need for clear standards, especially for new coal plants and
industrial facilities, as they will likely operate beyond 2050.
There’s a pressing need for these facilities to adopt the latest technologies to ensure
they meet future emission standards.
El Nino Expected to Influence Global Weather Patterns Until April 2024
The World Meteorological Organisation reports the ongoing El Nino event may continue
until at least April 2024. This event is contributing to the rise in global land and ocean
temperatures.
India’s Monsoon and El Nino
The India Meteorological Department has indicated that El Nino is unlikely to affect
the 2024 southwest monsoon.
However, India experienced “below-average” rainfall during this year’s southwest
monsoon due to El Nino.
Development and Strength of El Nino
El Nino, characterized by the warming of central Pacific Ocean waters, has been
confirmed by various oceanic and atmospheric indicators.
The current El Nino event rapidly intensified around July-August and is expected to
peak between November 2023 and January 2024.
Duration and Impact of El Nino
Typically, El Nino events occur every two to seven years and last nine to 12 months.
While it is a natural climate pattern, its occurrence is influenced by anthropogenic
climate change.
The impact of El Nino on global temperatures is usually more pronounced in the year
following its development.
WMO’s Warning and Initiatives
The year 2023 may become the warmest year on record, with 2024 potentially being
even warmer.
The organization emphasizes the importance of early warning systems to mitigate
the adverse effects of extreme weather events.
Historical Context
The warmest year on record was 2016, attributed to both a strong El Nino event and
ongoing climate change.
The intensity of El Nino does not directly determine the severity of its local impacts,
and each El Nino event is unique in its effects.
Amazon's Foray into Advanced AI with "Olympus"
Amazon is investing heavily in an advanced large language model (LLM) called “Olympus.”
This model is reported to have 2 trillion parameters, potentially outstripping OpenAI’s
GPT-4, which has one trillion.
Project Confidentiality
Details of the project have been kept under wraps, with sources discussing it under
anonymity.
Amazon has not made an official statement following the information leak.
Previous and Parallel AI Investments
Amazon has developed smaller models such as Titan and has collaborations with AI
startups like Anthropic and AI21 Labs.
These partnerships extend the reach of Amazon’s AI capabilities to AWS users.
Strategic Move for AWS
By developing in-house LLMs, Amazon aims to enhance AWS offerings.
The move could attract enterprise clients seeking access to top-tier AI models on
AWS.
Large Language Models as a Core Technology
LLMs are designed to process vast datasets and generate responses akin to human
interaction.
The training of larger models incurs high costs due to the significant computing
power involved.
Streamlining Medical Counselling
The National Medical Commission (NMC) is undertaking efforts to refine the medical
counselling process. Their aim is to create a more user-friendly system and ensure full
occupancy of medical seats.
Challenges in the Counselling Process
The counselling for medical education has faced significant delays due to the COVID-19
pandemic and legal issues concerning the Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) quota.
Additionally, the removal of a qualifying percentile for PG medical seats has been
controversial, with seats being allocated to candidates with very low scores.
NMC’s Strategy
The NMC is engaging in an analytical exercise to discern the reasons for the vacancies and
to develop solutions. The Medical Counselling Commission has recently outlined the
current process, with plans for optimization discussions set to precede the next NMC
meeting.
Medical Seat Statistics and Trends
Since 2014, the number of PG seats has almost doubled, with the current session offering
nearly 68,000 seats. Despite the increase, there have been notable vacancies after
counselling rounds. Interestingly, the vacancy rate for undergraduate MBBS seats has
decreased over time.
November 10, 2023
WHO Global Tuberculosis Report 2023
In 2022, there was a significant global recovery in the number of people diagnosed with
Tuberculosis (TB) and treated, following two years of COVID-related disruptions. The
recently released WHO Global TB Report sheds light on this progress, highlighting both
improvements and ongoing challenges in the fight against TB.
TB Remains a Persistent Global Threat
Despite the recent recovery, TB continues to pose a significant global health threat. It
remains the world’s second leading cause of death from a single infectious agent.
Furthermore, global TB targets have either been missed or are off track. The report
indicates that from 2015 to 2022, there was only an 8.7% reduction in TB cases, far from
the WHO End TB Strategy goal of a 50% reduction by 2025.
Surge in TB Diagnoses in 2022
The reported global number of people newly diagnosed with TB in 2022 reached 7.5
million, marking the highest number since WHO began global TB monitoring in 1995. This
figure exceeded the pre-COVID baseline and the previous historical peak of 7.1 million in
2019. It also represented a significant increase from 5.8 million in 2020 and 6.4 million in
2021. This surge is likely due to a backlog of people who developed TB in previous years
but faced delays in diagnosis and treatment due to COVID-related disruptions.
Impact of COVID-19 Disruptions
COVID-related disruptions had a profound impact on TB diagnosis and treatment. India,
Indonesia, and the Philippines, which collectively accounted for nearly 60% of the
reduction in TB cases in 2020 and 2021, saw a recovery to above 2019 levels in 2022. TB
caused an estimated 1.30 million deaths in 2022, nearly returning to the level seen in 2019.
Tragically, COVID-related disruptions are estimated to have resulted in almost half a

million excess TB deaths in the three years from 2020 to 2022.
Improved Treatment Success Rates
One positive aspect highlighted in the report is the improvement in treatment success
rates. For individuals treated for drug-susceptible TB, the success rate reached 88%, while
for those with multidrug-resistant/rifampicin-resistant TB (MDR/RR-TB), the success rate
stood at 63%. These improved success rates demonstrate progress in managing TB cases.
The Call to Action
To end the global TB epidemic, the report emphasizes the need to translate commitments
made at the 2023 UN high-level meeting on TB into action. This involves implementing
strategies to address the lingering challenges posed by TB and the disruptions caused by
the COVID-19 pandemic.
State of Food and Agriculture Report
India’s total hidden costs of agrifood systems have reached approximately $1.1 trillion,
making it the third-largest contributor in the world, following China and the United States,
as revealed by the State of Food and Agriculture report by the Food and Agriculture
Organization (FAO) of the United Nations. The report, which assessed 154 countries, was
released on November 6, 2023.
Understanding Hidden Costs in Agrifood Systems
Hidden costs in agrifood systems encompass various factors, including:
1. Environmental Costs: These include expenses associated with greenhouse gas
emissions, nitrogen emissions, water usage, and land-use changes.
2. Health Costs: Hidden health costs result from losses in productivity due to
unhealthy dietary patterns.
3. Social Costs: These costs are linked to poverty and productivity losses associated
with undernourishment among agrifood workers.
Global Perspective on Hidden Costs
India’s share of these hidden costs accounted for 8.8% of the global total, which amounts
to $12.7 trillion. China contributed 20%, and the United States contributed 12.3% to the
global hidden costs, according to the FAO’s report. While there may be some uncertainty
in the global estimated figure, even with this uncertainty, the costs are estimated to be
around $10 trillion.
Breakdown of Hidden Costs in India
In India, the burden of disease, stemming from productivity losses due to unhealthy
dietary patterns, accounted for the largest share of hidden costs, representing 60%. This
was followed by the social cost of poverty among agrifood workers at 14%, and the
environmental cost of nitrogen emissions at 13%.
Top 10 Countries with Environmental, Social, and Health Hidden Costs (in millions)
China: Total hidden costs – $2,555,424
USA: Total hidden costs – $1,576,469
India: Total hidden costs – $1,123,226
Russia: Total hidden costs – $533,602

Brazil: Total hidden costs – $503,069
Germany: Total hidden costs – $328,407
Indonesia: Total hidden costs – $319,515
Japan: Total hidden costs – $267,867
UK and Northern Ireland: Total hidden costs – $255,421
Mexico: Total hidden costs – $249,713
Key Findings
Globally, the dominant quantified hidden costs arise from dietary patterns that lead to
diseases and lower labor productivity. These health-related costs are most prominent in
high- and middle-income countries. Unhealthy dietary patterns accounted for 80.2% and
85% of total costs in the top two countries, respectively. In these countries, the second-
highest hidden agrifood costs were nitrogen emissions and land use.
Implications for Decision-Making
The report underscores the urgent need to factor these hidden costs into decision-making
processes to transform agrifood systems. The interactions between agrifood systems and
the environment, economy, nutrition, health, and society are closely linked to the UN-
mandated Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 1 (no poverty), SDG 2
(zero hunger), and SDG 3 (good health and well-being).
Variation in Hidden Costs by Income Level
The majority of hidden costs were generated in upper-middle-income countries (39% of
total quantified hidden costs) and high-income countries (36% of total costs). Lower-
middle-income countries accounted for 22%, while low-income countries contributed 3%.
Environmental Costs and Their Composition
Environmental costs, which are likely underestimated, accounted for about 20% of total
quantified hidden costs caused by agrifood systems globally. More than half of these costs
were associated with nitrogen emissions, followed by greenhouse gas emissions, land-use
changes, and water use.
WHO and ILO: Sun Exposure at Work a Major Factor in Skin Cancer Deaths
A significant and growing burden of non-melanoma skin cancer is affecting outdoor
workers, with nearly one-third of non-melanoma skin cancer deaths attributed to working
in the sun, as reported by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International
Labour Organization (ILO) estimates released on November 8, 2023.
Occupational Risk and Cancer Deaths
Occupational exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation has been identified as the third-
highest work-related risk factor contributing to cancer deaths globally. These estimates
have been published in the journal Environment International.
Scope of Exposure
In 2019, approximately 1.6 billion people of working age (15 years and older) were
exposed to solar ultraviolet radiation while working outdoors. This accounted for 28% of
all working-age individuals. Tragically, in the same year, nearly 19,000 people in 183
countries lost their lives due to non-melanoma skin cancer resulting from outdoor work in
the sun. Of these, 65% were men.
WHO’s Call for Action
The WHO has called for urgent action to protect workers engaged in hazardous outdoor
work in the sun. Given that skin cancer typically develops after years, if not decades, of
exposure, it is imperative to protect workers from solar ultraviolet radiation from a young
age.
Government Responsibility
Governments are urged to establish, implement, and enforce policies and regulations
aimed at safeguarding outdoor workers from sun-induced skin cancer. Strategies to
protect workers include:
1. Providing Shade: Creating shaded areas in outdoor workspaces.
2. Adjusting Working Hours: Shifting work hours away from peak sun exposure times,
especially during noon.
3. Education and Training: Offering education and training to raise awareness of the
risks associated with occupational exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation.
4. Provision of Sunscreen: Supplying sunscreen and personal protective clothing, such
as broad-brimmed hats, long-sleeved shirts, and long trousers to outdoor workers.
Early Detection and Awareness
Measures to reduce skin cancer risks also involve increasing workers’ awareness of when
they are exposed to solar ultraviolet radiation and its connection to skin cancer.
Additionally, providing services and programs for the early detection of skin cancer is
essential.
Ultraviolet Index and Protective Measures
The WHO emphasizes that when the ultraviolet index (a scale that rates the amount of
skin-damaging ultraviolet radiation) reaches three or higher, protective measures should
be implemented.
SunSmart Global UV Application
To help outdoor workers estimate their exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation, a SunSmart
Global UV Application has been recently launched by WHO, ILO, the World Meteorological
Organization, and the United Nations Environment Programme. This tool empowers
workers to make informed decisions regarding sun exposure during their work activities.
Global Landscape of Climate Finance 2023
Climate finance flows have doubled compared to previous years, reaching an average
annual flow of $1.3 trillion in 2021 and 2022, according to a recent analysis by the Climate
Policy Initiative (CPI). However, these funds have been distributed unevenly across
geographies and sources.
Key Findings of the Report
Rapid Growth in Climate Finance:
The average annual flow of climate finance in 2021 and 2022 doubled compared to the
$653 billion observed in 2019 and 2020.
Drivers of Growth:
The increase in climate finance was primarily driven by the escalation in mitigation
finance, which saw a $439 billion increase from 2019 and 2020.
Improved Data Collection:
The report noted improved data coverage in three sectors: agriculture, forestry, and other
land use (AFOLU); buildings and infrastructure; and waste. Approximately 28% ($173
billion) of the increase in the last year can be attributed to improved data collection,
indicating positive progress in the availability of high-quality climate finance data.
Global Significance:
While the increase in climate finance flows is significant, it represents only 1% of the global
gross domestic product (GDP). This underscores the need to scale up climate ambition
rapidly across countries.
Projected Needs:
The report projects that average estimated annual climate finance needs will increase to
$9 trillion by 2030, highlighting the urgency of mobilizing more funds to address climate
challenges.
Sectoral Distribution:
Renewable energy (RE) and transport sectors displayed the most growth in mitigation
finance, with RE comprising 44% of total mitigation finance and transport 29%. Private
financing dominated these sectors.
Geographic Distribution:
Developed countries, with significant private sector contributions, mobilized the majority
of climate finance. East Asia and the Pacific, the US and Canada, and Western Europe
accounted for 84% of all climate finance. China led in domestic resource mobilization for
climate finance, contributing 51% of all domestic climate finance globally.
Challenges in Distribution:
Developing and low-income countries continue to face a scarcity of funds. Less than 3% of
a total $30 billion went to or within least developed countries, and 15% went to or within
emerging markets and developing economies (excluding China). The 10 countries most
affected by climate change received less than 2% of total climate finance.
Role of Private Actors:
Private actors contributed 49% of total climate finance, amounting to $625 billion. The
highest growth in private finance came from household spending, particularly from
electric vehicle sales, which doubled from 2020 to 2021.
Recommendations for the Future:
The report suggests measures to enhance the scale and quality of climate finance,
including transforming the financial system, bridging climate and development needs,
mobilizing domestic capital, and improving climate finance data.
State of Climate Services, 2023
A report from the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) has highlighted the
insufficient preparedness of the health sector to safeguard people from the impacts of
heat and extreme weather events, even as the frequency of such events is expected to
increase.
Key Findings of the Report
Rising Climate-Related Disasters:
By 2030, it is predicted that there will be approximately 560 medium- to large-scale
disaster events every year, equating to 1.5 events per day. These disasters include
heatwaves, droughts, floods, and wildfires.
Impact on Vulnerable Populations:
Extreme weather events resulting from climate change will have a significant impact
on the health of the most vulnerable countries and populations. This includes threats
from heatwaves, droughts, floods, and wildfires.
Recognition of Climate Threat:
Most national climate plans (NDCs) now recognize climate change as a threat to
human well-being and planetary health. Climate targets are increasingly considering
the benefits of mitigation activities, including climate services, on human health.
Role of Climate Information and Services:
Climate information and services play a crucial role in reducing disaster risks and
mitigating the impact of climate-related hazards on public health.
Despite this, less than 25% of health ministries worldwide use climate information
and services to monitor health risks related to climate sensitivity.
Limited Collaboration:
A gap exists between data services provided by National Meteorological and
Hydrological Services (NMHSs) and their utilization by health ministries.
Only 23% of health ministries have a health surveillance system that utilizes
meteorological information to monitor climate-sensitive health risks, such as vector-
borne diseases and heat stress.
Formal agreements between the Ministry of Health and NMHSs to facilitate data
sharing and collaboration are lacking in at least 85% of nations.
Need for Cooperation:
The report emphasizes the need for increased cooperation between government
agencies responsible for health and climate. Strengthening partnerships is essential
for addressing the climate-health nexus.
Disproportionate Impact on Africa:
Despite being the least responsible for global greenhouse gas emissions, Africa is
disproportionately affected by climate change. The report estimates that around 50%
of excess mortality resulting from climate change by 2050 will occur in Africa.
Factors contributing to this health threat in low Human Development Index (HDI)
countries, including African nations, include mortality from floods, heat,
undernutrition, and the risk of malaria without adequate adaptation.
Heat is identified as the deadliest of extreme weather events, claiming at least

489,000 lives annually between 2000 and 2019.
Climate Services in Africa and Vulnerability:
The report notes that Africa, Asia, and the Caribbean region report the lowest levels
of climate services for health. Heat warning services are provided to health
authorities in only 50% of affected countries, and only 26 countries have climate-
informed, heat-health early warning systems.
Implications of El Nino:
The report warns that the 2023 El Nino is likely to trigger more extreme weather
events and elevate global temperatures, potentially leading to catastrophic health
consequences for vulnerable populations. Preparation for unprecedented weather
events is crucial.
Success Stories and Case Studies:
The report includes case studies from 19 countries that highlight successful
utilization of climate services by the health sector to predict and manage health risks
associated with climate change.
Climate Change Drastically Increases Drought Likelihood in Middle East
A new report reveals that climate change has made the three-year extreme drought in
Syria, Iraq, and Iran significantly more likely.
Increased Likelihood
Climate change has made the extreme drought about 25 times more likely in Syria
and Iraq, and 16 times more likely in Iran.
In a 1.2 degrees Celsius cooler world, the extreme drought would have been
considered normal.
Experts suggest that this drought would not have occurred without climate change,
primarily driven by the burning of oil, gas, and coal.
Dire Consequences
The drought has had dire consequences on the livelihoods and health of people in
Iran, Syria, and Iraq.
The regions have experienced up to 95% below-average rainfall since the winter of
2020.
In rural Syria, the drought displaced nearly two million people, with 60% of them
facing food insecurity.
Iran has faced water shortages, triggering tensions with neighboring countries, and
causing food prices to rise. Iraq is also dealing with water insecurity.
Multiple Impacts
The drought has led to various impacts, including wildfires, air pollution, and the
spread of water-borne diseases such as cholera.
Conflict and security concerns have further reduced people’s ability to respond to
the drought in Syria and Iraq.
Future Projections
If global warming reaches 2°C above the preindustrial era, similar droughts are
expected to occur about twice as often as they do now.
Climate change-driven prolonged heat plays a crucial role in turning droughts into
extreme events, even when low levels of rainfall are not significantly influenced by
climate change.
Attribution Study
Researchers used weather data and climate models to compare how the drought
event changed between today’s climate with approximately 1.2°C of global warming
and the cooler preindustrial climate.
The event’s primary driver was the strong increase in temperature and potential
evapotranspiration (PET), which represents the loss of water through plant
transpiration and surface evaporation.
Other factors such as land degradation, desertification, water stress, and conflict
have also contributed to the region’s vulnerability to drought.
Contrary to IPCC Projection
The findings differ from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
projection, which had low confidence in drought occurring in the region.
Attribution studies indicate that higher temperatures are turning many droughts
into extreme events, even if climate change does not significantly affect rainfall
levels.
Pit Latrines: Unique Microbial Ecosystems with Environmental Implications
A recent study published in the journal PLOS Water sheds light on the microbial
communities within pit latrines, revealing their distinct nature compared to human
microbiomes and other treatment facilities. Here are the key findings and implications.
Pit Latrines and Their Role
Pit latrines are one of the most common sanitation systems worldwide, serving as
repositories for excreta, anal cleansing material, flush water, and trash.
They function not only as storage facilities but also as biological reactors that aid in
breaking down waste, reducing the risk of mismanaged waste contributing to health
and environmental challenges.
Understanding and characterizing the microbial ecosystems within pit latrines could
help develop management techniques for more rapid waste breakdown and reduced
greenhouse gas emissions.
Study Methodology
The study focused on microbial communities within 55 lined pit latrines in peri-urban
Malawi, East Africa, examining three sampling layers.
The goal was to gain insights into waste-based epidemiology, microbial parameters,
methanogenic pathways, and the presence of pathogens.
Unique Microbial Diversity
The analysis revealed that pit latrines contained 124 unique taxa not found in other
microbiomes, including activated sludge, anaerobic digestion in municipal

wastewater systems, and human gut microbiomes.
The microbial community within a given pit remained fairly consistent, regardless of
its depth. However, there was some variability, with aerobic microbes more
abundant near the surface and anaerobic microbes concentrated deeper in the pit.
Upper layers of the pit hosted microbes that break down sugar, while deeper layers
housed methanogens, microorganisms that produce methane through various
means.
Notably, methanotrophs, microbes that consume methane, were not found in the pit,
raising concerns about methane emissions.
Pathogens and Disease Monitoring
The study also examined the presence of pathogens in pit latrines and identified 17
out of 20 tested pathogens.
This research serves as a proof of concept for using scientific tools to monitor pit
latrines for disease-causing pathogens, potentially reducing the risk of disease
outbreaks.
Implications
Understanding pit latrine microbial communities can inform waste management
techniques, potentially curbing methane production, a potent greenhouse gas.
Monitoring for pathogens in pit latrines can contribute to public health efforts by
identifying and addressing potential disease risks.
FDA Approves Valneva's Chikungunya Vaccine for At-Risk Adults
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has given its approval to Valneva’s single-
shot vaccine, known as Ixchiq, for individuals aged 18 and older who face an increased risk
of exposure to the chikungunya virus. This approval marks a significant milestone as it’s
the first preventive shot to combat this mosquito-borne disease in the United States.
Chikungunya Virus Overview
The chikungunya virus is primarily transmitted to people through mosquito bites.
Common symptoms of infection include fever and joint pain, with additional possible
symptoms like headaches, muscle pain, joint swelling, or a rash.
Vaccine Availability
As of now, there is no official word from Valneva regarding the availability of the Ixchiq
vaccine in the United States. It’s essential to await their response for further information
on distribution.
Vaccine Effectiveness
The FDA’s decision to approve the Valneva vaccine is based on late-stage clinical trials.
These trials demonstrated that the vaccine successfully triggered the production of
antibodies capable of neutralizing the chikungunya virus in a remarkable 98.9% of
participants within 28 days after vaccination.
Post-Marketing Study
While granting approval, the FDA has also requested Valneva to conduct a post-marketing
study. This study aims to assess any potential risk of severe chikungunya-like adverse
reactions following the administration of Ixchiq. This step ensures ongoing safety
monitoring and a commitment to the vaccine’s long-term safety and effectiveness.
Devastating Floods Displace Thousands in Somalia and Neighboring Nations
Somalia, Kenya, and Ethiopia have been grappling with a dire humanitarian crisis as they
face one of the worst floods in decades. With at least 29 lives lost and more than 300,000
people forced to evacuate their homes, the situation is dire.
Catastrophic Flooding in Somalia
Somalia’s National Disaster Management Agency reported at least 29 casualties.
Over 300,000 individuals have been displaced from their homes due to the
devastating floods.
The floods follow a period of severe drought, compounding the region’s challenges.
Widespread Regional Impact
Rainstorms have affected not only Somalia but also its neighboring countries, Kenya
and Ethiopia.
Landslides and submerged villages have caused havoc in these nations.
Somalia’s ongoing drought crisis has made the situation even more precarious.
Enormous Humanitarian Toll
In addition to those displaced, around 850,000 people have been affected by the
floods.
Mohamed Moalim Abdullahi, chairman of SOMDA, confirmed these alarming figures.
Rescuers face significant challenges due to damaged roads and vehicles rendered
immobile.
Trapped Communities in Luuq
Luuq town, where the Jubba River overflowed, has seen at least 2,400 people cut off
from assistance.
The United Nations has highlighted the urgency of the situation in Luuq.
Inaccessible roads and submerged vehicles are hampering rescue efforts.
Impact on Neighboring Nations
Kenya has witnessed 15 fatalities due to flash flooding.
Ethiopia’s Somali region has reported over 20 casualties and displaced over 12,000
people.
Uganda’s road connectivity to oilfields in the northwest has been disrupted due to
floods in Kenya.
The Role of Climate Phenomena
The floods in the Horn of Africa are attributed to two climate phenomena: El Nino
and the Indian Ocean Dipole.
These weather patterns affect ocean surface temperatures and lead to above-
average rainfall.
The region’s vulnerability to climate change is exacerbated by years of conflict and
recent drought.
Mount St. Helens Seismic Activity

Recent reports from the US Geological Survey (USGS) have drawn attention to a series of
earthquakes occurring beneath Mount St. Helens, raising questions about the volcanic
activity in the region.
Unprecedented Earthquake Activity
Since mid-July this year, approximately 400 earthquakes have been documented
under Mount St. Helens.
This sequence of tremors is considered the longest since the volcano’s last eruption
in 2008.
Concerns arise, but there are currently no signs of an imminent volcanic eruption.
USGS’s Statement
The USGS addressed the situation in an update on its website, acknowledging the
uptick in earthquakes.
Most of the recorded earthquakes are small, measuring less than M1.0, and are not
felt at the surface.
The USGS emphasized that there is no immediate cause for alarm, as ground
deformation and gas emissions remain within normal (green) background levels.
Monitoring by the Pacific Northwest Seismic Network (PNSN)
The Pacific Northwest Seismic Network has been actively monitoring earthquakes
and volcanic activity in the region.
Since mid-July, they have identified over 400 earthquakes, with approximately 30
earthquakes located per week recently.
This contrasts with the period since 2008 when only an average of 11 earthquakes
were recorded per month at Mount St. Helens.
Historical Context
The catastrophic eruption of Mount St. Helens in 1980 resulted in 57 fatalities and
widespread devastation.
The eruption, triggered by a 5.1 magnitude earthquake, led to the largest landslide in
recorded history.
While the current earthquake activity is concerning, it is essential to differentiate
between past events and the present situation.
Magnitude and Sensitivity
Most of the recent earthquakes, occurring over a three-month period, have a
magnitude of less than 1.0.
These small-magnitude tremors are generally not perceptible at the surface.
According to Wes Thelen, a volcano seismologist, these minor earthquakes may
indicate magma movement and “recharging” of the volcano’s underground
chambers and cracks.
Japan Gets New Island After Volcanic Eruption
Japan, known for its stunning landscapes and geological activity, has recently witnessed
the birth of another island in its archipelago. This phenomenon occurred due to a series of
volcanic eruptions near Iwoto Island in the Ogasawara island chain, showcasing the
dynamic nature of the country’s geography.
Volcanic Eruptions Give Birth to New Land
The emergence of a new island resulted from undersea volcanic eruptions that
commenced in October.
Iwoto Island, part of the Ogasawara island chain, is approximately 1,200km (745
miles) south of Tokyo.
Phreatomagmatic eruptions, which occur when magma interacts with water, created
a landmass approximately 100 meters in diameter.
Iwoto’s Unique History
Iwoto Island, previously known as Iwo Jima, was the site of a significant battle during
the Pacific War.
It is among the 111 active volcanoes in Japan and has witnessed previous eruptions.
The island’s name was officially changed to Iwoto in 2007 by Japanese authorities.
Volatile Area Prone to Eruptions
Japan’s meteorological agency reported similar eruptions near Iwoto in 2021 and
earlier in 2023.
Fukashi Maeno’s findings confirm the return of magmatic activity to the area.
The newly formed island’s fate remains uncertain; it could grow, change shape, or
eventually disappear due to erosion.
Potential for Island Durability
Islands formed from ash and rock fragments may face erosion challenges from
constant wave action.
However, continued volcanic activity could lead to the formation of more durable
surfaces through lava flows.
Past instances of volcanic island formation in the region have varied in longevity.
Expanding Archipelago
Japan’s archipelago has been found to consist of more islands than previously
known.
Geospatial mapping technology revealed a total of 14,125 islands, 7,273 more than
previously recorded.
While new islands emerge, Japan occasionally loses them due to natural processes,
such as Esanbe Hanakita Kojima’s disappearance in 2018.
SC Guidelines on Speedy Disposal of Criminal Cases Against MPs and MLAs
The Supreme Court of India has issued comprehensive guidelines aimed at expediting the
resolution of criminal cases against Members of Parliament (MPs) and Members of
Legislative Assemblies (MLAs). This significant decision stems from a plea filed by
advocate Ashwini Kumar Upadhyay, addressing both the prompt handling of cases and
the possibility of a lifetime ban on convicted politicians from contesting elections.
CJI-Led Bench’s Directions
The Supreme Court, led by Chief Justice DY Chandrachud, issued the guidelines in
response to Upadhyay’s plea.

The plea, filed in August 2016, sought the swift resolution of cases involving
lawmakers and proposed a lifetime ban on convicted politicians.
Section 8 of the Representation of the People Act, 1951 (RP Act), which deals with
disqualification of legislators, was at the center of the plea.
Understanding the RP Act
The RP Act, introduced by Dr. BR Ambedkar, governs elections to the Parliament and
state legislatures.
Section 8 of the RP Act addresses disqualifications for lawmakers, including offences
like promoting enmity, bribery, undue influence, hoarding, profiteering, and
adulteration of food or drugs.
Section 8(3) of the RP Act imposes a six-year ban on individuals convicted of offences
carrying a minimum two-year prison sentence.
The Court’s Decision
The Supreme Court addressed the need for expedited resolution of cases against
lawmakers.
Guidelines include the establishment of suo motu cases by high court chief justices
to monitor the speedy disposal of pending cases.
Special benches led by chief justices or designated benches may hear these cases,
with hearings scheduled at regular intervals if necessary.
The court emphasized prioritizing cases punishable by death or life imprisonment, as
well as those with sentences of five years or more.
Trial courts cannot adjourn such cases without compelling reasons.
Ensuring Infrastructure and Transparency
Principal district and session judges are tasked with ensuring adequate
infrastructure and technological support for designated courts.
High courts must create an independent tab on their websites to provide district-
wise information on these cases, including their status.
Historical Context
The Supreme Court has previously addressed the expeditious resolution of criminal
cases against lawmakers, notably in the 2015 ruling “Public Interest Foundation vs.
Union of India.”
The 2015 ruling directed that trials of sitting legislators facing charges under Section
8 of the RP Act be completed promptly, with trials conducted on a “day-to-day” basis
if necessary.
November 11, 2023
Demand for Baler Machines
With the Supreme Court addressing the issue of farm fires, Punjab has seen a growing
demand for a machine that can help manage stubble off-site, known as ex situ stubble
management.
Baler Machines: A Decade of Service
‘Baler’ machines have been in use for over a decade in Punjab, with approximately 2,000
of them currently operating in the state. A substantial number, 1,268, benefit from
significant subsidies ranging from 50% to 80% under the Centre’s Crop Residue
Management (CRM) scheme.
Tackling the Stubble Problem
After the paddy crop is harvested, it leaves behind stubble on the ground, posing a
challenge for farmers. Traditionally, farmers resort to burning the stubble, causing severe
air pollution. However, more eco-friendly methods are available, such as in situ
management using machines like super seeders. Unfortunately, this method makes fields
susceptible to insect attacks, leading to the use of toxic insecticides.
The Process of Residue Compression
Balers play a crucial role by compressing agricultural residue into manageable and
transportable bales. The process involves cutting the crop residue with a tractor-mounted
cutter, followed by arranging the stubble in straight lines using a rake. A tractor-mounted
baler machine then compresses the stubble into compact bales using netting. These bales
are subsequently transported to factories or dumping sites.
Immediate Field Preparation
In fields where balers are used, farmers can swiftly plough the field and sow the next crop.
Most balers in Punjab produce cylindrical or rectangular bales weighing 25-30 kg,
although larger machines are also available.
The Shortage of Baler Units
Each baler costs approximately Rs 14.5 lakh without subsidies, with additional costs for the
rake and cutter, totaling around Rs 2.5-3 lakh. A single baler can cover 15-20 acres in a day,
operating for about 45 days, weather permitting.
Current Baler Availability
Punjab boasts approximately 32 lakh hectares of rice fields. Depending on the number of
days they operate, the existing balers can only cover 15-18% of this vast area in the state.
Surprisingly, the first two years after their inclusion under CRM (2018 and 2019) saw no
units sold, but the subsequent three years witnessed a total of 768 balers sold under
subsidy, with another 500 added this year. Currently, around 700 non-subsidized balers
are in operation across the state.
Broadcasting Services (Regulation) Bill 2023
On November 10, 2023, the Information & Broadcasting Ministry unveiled the draft
Broadcasting Services (Regulation) Bill, 2023, signaling a significant step towards
modernizing and regulating India’s broadcasting sector. This proposed legislation aims to
replace outdated Acts, Rules, and Guidelines with a unified framework that adapts to the
changing landscape of the media industry, encompassing Over-the-Top (OTT) content,
digital news, and current affairs.
A Unified Legal Framework
The draft Broadcasting Services (Regulation) Bill, 2023, seeks to establish a consolidated
legal framework for the broadcasting sector in India. It is designed to streamline and
replace existing regulations, including the Cable Television Networks (Regulation) Act of
1995, to provide a more comprehensive and up-to-date approach.
Expanding Regulatory Reach
One of the notable aspects of this Bill is its expansion of regulatory oversight. It goes
beyond traditional broadcasting to encompass the rapidly growing areas of OTT content,
digital news, and current affairs, which were previously regulated under the IT Act, 2000.
Additionally, the Bill is forward-looking, addressing emerging broadcasting technologies.
Key Provisions of the Bill
1. Comprehensive Definitions
The Bill features six chapters, 48 sections, and three Schedules, offering comprehensive
definitions for contemporary broadcasting terms and other technical terminology. These
definitions provide clarity and guidance within the industry.
2. Self-Regulation and Advisory Council
The draft Bill introduces ‘Content Evaluation Committees’ to encourage self-regulation
within the broadcasting sector. It also establishes a ‘Broadcast Advisory Council’ tasked
with advising the central government on program code and advertisement code
violations. These mechanisms aim to maintain industry standards and ethical practices.
3. Penalties and Fines
For operators and broadcasters, the Bill outlines a range of statutory penalties, including
advisory actions, warnings, censures, and monetary fines. Serious offenses, such as
obtaining registration with a false affidavit, may result in imprisonment and/or fines.
Importantly, monetary penalties and fines are structured to consider the financial capacity
of the entity, ensuring fairness and equity in enforcement.
4. Inclusivity for People with Disabilities
In an effort to make broadcasting more inclusive and accessible, the Bill promotes the use
of subtitles, audio descriptors, and sign language. It also introduces the role of a
“Disability Grievance Officer” to address concerns specific to individuals with disabilities.
5. Infrastructure Sharing and Dispute Resolution
The Bill includes provisions for infrastructure sharing among broadcasting network
operators and the carriage of platform services. It streamlines the ‘Right of Way’ section
to handle relocations and alterations more efficiently. Additionally, it establishes a
structured dispute resolution mechanism to address conflicts within the sector.
Digital Advertisement Policy, 2023
In a rapidly evolving media landscape, the Information and Broadcasting Ministry of India
unveiled the ‘Digital Advertisement Policy, 2023,’ a significant move to harness the
potential of digital media for government communication. This policy empowers the
Central Bureau of Communication (CBC), the Central government’s advertising wing, to
conduct campaigns effectively in the digital realm.
Adapting to the Digital Age
The ‘Digital Advertisement Policy, 2023’ represents a pivotal moment for the CBC, aligning
its mission with the changing media landscape and the increasing digitalization of media
consumption. With the policy’s implementation, the CBC aims to disseminate information
and raise awareness about various government schemes, programs, and policies in
response to evolving media trends.
Leveraging the Digital Universe
The policy recognizes the immense potential of the digital space, driven by a vast
subscriber base and technology-enabled messaging options. It foresees the efficient
delivery of citizen-centric messages through targeted digital advertisements, ultimately
leading to cost efficiencies in public-oriented campaigns.
The Digital Transformation
Recent years have witnessed a significant shift in how audiences consume media, with a
notable move towards digital platforms. As per TRAI’s Indian Telecom Services
Performance Indicators for January–March 2023, India boasts an internet penetration of
over 880 million and more than 1,172 million telecom subscribers as of March 2023.
Key Provisions of the Policy
1. Empanelment and Outreach Expansion
The ‘Digital Advertisement Policy, 2023’ empowers the CBC to empanel agencies and
organizations operating in the Over-the-Top (OTT) and Video on Demand space.
Additionally, it allows the CBC to engage with the growing audience of podcasts and
digital audio platforms. For the first time, the CBC can channel its public service campaign
messages through mobile applications.
2. Social Media Integration
Recognizing the influence of social media platforms as channels for public conversations,
the policy streamlines the process for placing government advertisements on these
platforms. It also grants the CBC the authority to empanel digital media agencies to
enhance its outreach across various platforms.
3. Adaptability and Innovation
Acknowledging the dynamic nature of the digital landscape, the policy empowers the CBC
to onboard new and innovative communication platforms with the approval of a duly
constituted committee. This flexibility allows for staying current with emerging trends.
4. Transparent Rate Discovery
The policy introduces competitive bidding for rate discovery, ensuring transparency and
efficiency. The rates determined through this process remain valid for three years and
apply to all eligible agencies, further promoting fairness.
5. Strengthening Information Dissemination
With all ministries and government departments now having dedicated social media
handles, the policy aims to supplement their outreach efforts. The Ministry of Information
and Broadcasting’s Media Unit, CBC, is designated as the organization responsible for
issuing advertisements through all forms of media, thus enhancing the government’s
information dissemination capabilities.
Chinese Scientists Create Monkey Chimera

Chinese scientists have achieved a significant milestone in the realm of genetic research
by creating a monkey chimera with two sets of DNA. This experimental breakthrough
could have far-reaching implications for medical research and the conservation of
endangered species. The project, which involved combining stem cells from a cynomolgus
monkey with a genetically distinct embryo from the same species, yielded a substantially
chimeric primate. This achievement opens new avenues for understanding biological
processes, modeling diseases, and advancing medical science. However, it also raises
ethical concerns regarding the use of nonhuman primates in scientific research.
A Notable Breakthrough
The researchers’ work, detailed in a study published in the scientific journal Cell, marks
the world’s first live birth of a primate chimera created with stem cells. The monkey, which
lived for ten days before being euthanized, exhibited a high ratio of cells that grew from
the stem cells throughout its body, including the brain. This indicates the potential value
of this approach in modeling neurodegenerative diseases.
Conservation and Medical Research
Beyond its scientific significance, this achievement holds promise for species conservation.
If chimeras can be created between two nonhuman primate species, including
endangered ones, it could facilitate the breeding of animals to help preserve threatened
populations.
Human-Monkey Chimeras: An Ethical Line
While chimeras involving nonhuman primates show potential, there are ethical
boundaries to consider. The creation of human-animal chimeras, especially beyond early
embryonic stages, is a contentious issue. Scientists have previously reported human-
monkey chimeric embryos, with hopes of addressing organ transplant shortages.
However, ethical concerns about these endeavors persist.
Study Methodology and Outcomes
The research involved generating pluripotent stem cells from monkey embryos, which
were then injected into genetically distinct embryos from the same species. Green
fluorescent protein was used to identify tissues that grew from the stem cells. The study
resulted in 12 pregnancies and six live births, with one substantially chimeric monkey.
Expert Perspectives
Experts in the field have offered varying viewpoints on this achievement. While some view
it as a significant step toward creating mutant monkeys for research purposes, others
emphasize the challenges and limitations, such as the inability to demonstrate that the
stem cells used are inheritable by offspring.
Ethical Concerns
The use of monkeys in scientific research raises ethical questions, particularly concerning
animal welfare. Critics express concerns about the suffering and ethical implications of
these technologies when applied to sentient animals.
The Global Context
In the United States, research involving nonhuman primates constitutes a small fraction of
scientific studies. However, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and
Medicine have emphasized the critical role of nonhuman primates in lifesaving medical
advances, including COVID-19 vaccine development. A shortage of nonhuman primates is
seen as a hindrance to essential research.
Astronaut Frank Borman Passes Away
Frank Borman will forever be remembered as the commander of Apollo 8, the mission that
circled the moon 10 times and laid the groundwork for the lunar landing that followed.
Alongside his crewmates, James Lovell and William Anders, Borman embarked on the first
Apollo mission to venture to the moon. On Christmas Eve in 1968, they achieved a
remarkable feat by reading from the Book of Genesis in a live telecast from the lunar
orbiter, providing a moment of reflection and unity during a time of global significance.
Gemini 7 and Beyond
Prior to Apollo 8, Borman and Lovell had flown together during the Gemini 7 mission,
where they completed the first space orbital rendezvous with Gemini 6. The challenges
they faced during the Gemini program paved the way for Apollo missions, highlighting the
monumental shift from cramped quarters to more comfortable spacecraft.
The Race to the Moon
Borman’s leadership played a crucial role in the decision to send Apollo 8 to the moon.
This mission was not only about exploration but also a race against the Russians. The
success of Apollo 7’s mission in 1968 to demonstrate system reliability prompted NASA to
change its plans and aim for the moon. Borman’s determination to beat the Russians to
this milestone was a significant driving force behind the decision.
Awe-Inspiring Earthrise
One of the iconic moments of Apollo 8 was captured by William Anders when he snapped
the “Earthrise” photo, revealing a blue and white Earth rising above the lunar landscape.
Borman described the emotional impact of seeing Earth from a distance, likening it to
what he imagined God might see.
Beyond Apollo: Eastern Airlines
Following his astronaut career, Frank Borman ventured into the world of business by
leading Eastern Airlines in the 1970s and early ’80s. As the airline’s president, CEO, and
chairman, he navigated challenges such as rising fuel prices and industry deregulation.
Despite the difficulties, Borman’s aviation expertise continued to shine.
A Lifelong Love for Aviation
Borman’s fascination with flying began in his teens when he and his father built model
airplanes. He later pursued flying lessons, funding them with earnings from after-school
jobs. His passion for aviation endured throughout his life, with Borman continuing to fly
into his 90s.
A Life Well-Lived
Frank Borman’s journey from a young aviation enthusiast to a pioneering astronaut and
aviation executive is a testament to his dedication and love for exploration. He leaves
behind a legacy that encompasses not only the historic Apollo 8 mission but also his
contributions to the aviation industry and the pursuit of knowledge.
U.S. Air Force's B-21 "Raider" Takes Its Maiden Flight
The U.S. Air Force’s highly anticipated B-21 “Raider” bomber, with its distinctive flying
wing design, successfully completed its inaugural flight on a historic day at the Air Force’s
Plant 42 in Palmdale, California. Developed by Northrop Grumman, the B-21 Raider
represents the next generation of long-range nuclear-capable stealth bombers. This
unscripted event offered aviation enthusiasts a firsthand glimpse of the aircraft, which has
been shrouded in secrecy during its development.
A Stealthy First Flight
On this momentous day, the B-21 Raider took off at sunrise, marking a significant
milestone in the development of this advanced bomber. While the Air Force did not
publicize the event, a group of aviation enthusiasts and amateur photographers gathered
near Plant 42, eager to witness the historic flight.
The B-21 Raider’s Characteristics
The B-21 Raider inherits the iconic “flying wing” shape of its predecessor, the B-2 bomber.
This advanced aircraft is capable of delivering both conventional and nuclear weapons
across the globe, thanks to its long-range capabilities and mid-air refueling capabilities.
Costs and Projected Numbers
The B-21 Raider program comes with a substantial price tag, estimated at approximately
$550 million per aircraft in 2010 dollars, equivalent to around $750 million in today’s
inflation-adjusted dollars. However, the Air Force has kept other financial details classified,
making it challenging to validate the proposed cost.
The Air Force plans to acquire at least 100 B-21 Raider aircraft, intending to phase out
older B-1 and B-2 bombers. The B-1 and B-2 have proven costly to operate, with operating
expenses reaching approximately $60,000 and $65,000 per hour, respectively, according to
Pentagon data.
Flight Testing and Production
TheB-21 Raider is currently in flight testing. This phase is a critical step in the overall test
campaign and is managed by the Air Force Test Center and 412th Test Wings B-21
Combined Test Force. Six test aircraft are currently in production, utilizing the same tools,
processes, and technicians that will be involved in building the production aircraft.
A Sixth Generation Aircraft
The B-21 Raider as a sixth-generation aircraft due to its ability to connect with other
aircraft and seamlessly integrate future weapons into its systems architecture. This
advanced connectivity enhances its versatility and adaptability for evolving mission
requirements.
Advanced Stealth Features
The B-21 Raider incorporates advanced stealth capabilities, including low observable
surface material, designed to be more durable. This innovation is expected to reduce
maintenance requirements, decrease operational costs, and minimize downtime, making

the aircraft more cost-effective and mission-ready.
Indian and Bangladesh Navies Conduct Bilateral Exercises in the Bay of Bengal
The Indian and Bangladesh navies successfully conducted the 4th edition of bilateral
exercises, Bongosagar-23, and the 5th edition of Coordinated Patrol (CORPAT) in the
northern Bay of Bengal from November 7 to 9. These joint exercises aimed to strengthen
cooperation and interoperability between the two navies, fostering mutual understanding
and enhancing disaster relief capabilities.
Joint Patrolling and Maritime Exercises
During Bongosagar-23 and CORPAT-23, ships and aircraft from both the Indian and
Bangladesh navies engaged in joint patrolling along the International Maritime Boundary
Line (IMBL). Following this, they conducted maritime exercises to enhance their ability to
work together effectively.
Indian Navy Ships Kuthar and Kiltan, along with Maritime Patrol Aircraft (MPA) Dornier,
participated in the exercises. The Bangladesh Navy was represented by Ships Abu Bakr
and Abu Ubaidah, along with their own MPA. These activities included communication
drills, surface gun-shoots, tactical manoeuvres, and other exercises aimed at improving
coordination.
Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR) Drills
A significant aspect of CORPAT-23 was the maiden Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster
Relief (HADR) drills conducted by both navies. During these drills, a search-and-rescue
scenario at sea was enacted. This showcased the readiness of the Indian and Bangladesh
navies to collaborate in disaster response efforts in the region, further strengthening their
partnership.
Strengthening Bilateral Ties
Regular bilateral exercises and coordinated patrols in the Bay of Bengal play a crucial role
in fostering mutual trust and cooperation between the Indian and Bangladesh navies.
These interactions not only enhance their maritime capabilities but also contribute to
regional security and stability.
South Africa Paves the Way for Shared Parental Leave in Africa
South Africa has achieved a significant milestone in the realm of family and parental rights
as it becomes the first country in Africa to introduce shared parental leave. This
groundbreaking development was brought about by a recent high court ruling that grants
both parents the right to take time off work following the birth of a child or adoption.
Shared Parental Leave
Under this landmark judgment, parents now have the flexibility to decide how they will
divide a total of four months of parental leave between them. This decision represents a
substantial departure from the previous arrangement, where mothers were entitled to
four months of leave, while fathers or partners were granted a maximum of 10 days.
A Step Towards Gender Equality
The move has been widely hailed by campaigners and gender equality organizations as a
significant step towards achieving greater gender balance in parental leave policies. It also
aligns South Africa’s laws more closely with its constitution.
Continued Advocacy
Concerns have been raised that this step may still fall short in some areas. It is argued that
the judgment placed the responsibility for leave with individuals rather than building a
comprehensive support system. The unemployed and those in precarious employment
situations were not adequately addressed by the policy.
An Evolving Perspective
The move towards shared parental leave reflects changing attitudes and expectations
regarding parenting roles. Many in the younger generation view the policy as progressive.
This perspective aligns with the evolving roles of fathers in modern parenting, where they
aspire to play a more active and nurturing role in their children’s lives.
A Promising Step
While South Africa’s adoption of shared parental leave is a promising step towards a more
equitable caregiving landscape, advocates like Van den Berg and Mbuli continue to push
for additional reforms. They advocate for the implementation of non-transferable “use it
or lose it” leave for both parents, a system already in place in countries like Spain and
Sweden.
Government Eases Rules for Senior Citizen's Savings Scheme and PPF
The Indian government has introduced revised rules for various small savings schemes,
including the Senior Citizen’s Savings Scheme and the Public Provident Fund (PPF), with
the aim of making them more attractive to investors. These changes include extending the
timeframe for opening a Senior Citizen’s Savings Scheme account and modifying
premature withdrawal rules for the PPF.
Revised Senior Citizen’s Savings Scheme
Under the new norms for the Senior Citizen’s Savings Scheme, individuals now have three
months to open an account, an increase from the previous one-month timeframe.
According to a recent gazette notification, individuals can initiate the process of opening
an account within three months from the date of receiving their retirement benefits,
provided they can provide proof of the disbursal date of these benefits.
The revised scheme allows depositors to extend their accounts multiple times upon
maturity. The deposit will accrue interest at the rate applicable on the date of maturity or
the date of extended maturity.
Changes in Premature Closure of PPF Accounts
The notification also introduces changes related to the premature closure of accounts for
the PPF. It outlines adjustments as the Public Provident Fund (Amendment) Scheme, 2023.
These changes specifically address premature withdrawals under the National Savings
Time Deposit scheme.
According to the notification, if a deposit in a five-year PPF account is withdrawn
prematurely after four years from the date of opening the account, the interest payable
would be at the rate applicable to the Post Office Savings Account. This represents a
change from the existing norms where the interest would be calculated at the rate
applicable for a three-year time deposit account if the account was closed after four years.
Small Savings Schemes
Small savings schemes are investment options overseen by the Department of Economic
Affairs (DEA) under the finance ministry. These schemes offer a variety of investment
options to individuals, including Recurring Deposit (RD), Public Provident Fund (PPF),
Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana (SSY), Mahila Samman Saving Certificate, Kisan Vikas Patra,
National Savings Certificate (NSC), and the Senior Citizen Savings Scheme (SCSS).
November 13, 2023
Exploring a 500-Year-Old Herbarium
Pressed flowers have the power to transport us through time, and for a team of dedicated
researchers, a 500-year-old herbarium offered a captivating journey into Italy’s past,
particularly the city of Bologna in the north.
A Botanical Time Capsule: Aldrovandi’s 16th Century Herbarium
In the heart of Bologna lies a unique treasure—a meticulously preserved collection of
5,000 pressed specimens of flowers, leaves, and plant parts. This botanical time capsule
was created by the renowned Italian naturalist Ulisse Aldrovandi between 1551 and 1586.
Unveiling the Past: ‘Botanical Memory’ Research
On November 8, the Royal Society published a groundbreaking paper titled ‘Botanical
memory: five centuries of floristic changes revealed by a Renaissance herbarium (Ulisse
Aldrovandi, 1551–1586).’ This research delves deep into the historical context, shedding
light on how the discovery of America and other events shaped the floristic patterns in
lowland temperate Europe. The study also highlights demographic trends in Europe,
excluding the European part of the former USSR, and identifies species—both native and
alien—that are either extinct or unknown today.
Tracking Five Centuries of Change
Lead researcher Fabrizio Buldrini and his team note, “The botanical memory preserved in
his herbarium allowed us to track floristic changes in connection with human disturbance,
habitat loss and transformation, climate change, and alien species invasion across 500
years.”
Meet Ulisse Aldrovandi: The Man Behind the Herbarium
As fascinating as the herbarium itself is the remarkable individual who created it. Born in
1522 into a noble family in Bologna, Ulisse Aldrovandi’s insatiable curiosity led him on a
lifelong quest for knowledge.
A Life of Challenges and Discoveries
Aldrovandi faced numerous challenges in his life. In 1549, he was accused of heresy,
publicly recanting his beliefs in the basilica of San Petronio. A fortunate turn of events
occurred when an acquaintance, Julius III, ascended to the papal throne, saving
Aldrovandi from further trials in Rome.
The Turning Point: A Meeting with Luca Ghini
In 1549, Aldrovandi crossed paths with Luca Ghini, the creator of the first medicinal herb
garden in Pisa in 1543. This encounter redirected Aldrovandi’s focus towards the natural
world, which he explored with unwavering dedication. In 1568, he established Bologna’s
inaugural botanical garden and the fifth in all of Italy, which he personally nurtured until
his passing.
Aldrovandi’s Herbarium: A Window into a Changing World
Within his herbarium, one can find the oldest specimens of several species introduced to
the region from the New World (the Americas) and from Africa and central and eastern
Asia. Notably, the collection includes species like Mirabilis jalapa and Aloe vera. The paper
highlights that many of the American species currently invading Europe were absent in
Aldrovandi’s time, only naturalizing in a few locations by the late 19th century.
Aldrovandi’s herbarium thus serves as a poignant record of the initial shifts in European
flora and habitats.
Rediscovery of the Elusive Attenborough's Long-Beaked Echidna in Indonesia
A “lost” rare mammal with a bizarre appearance has been rediscovered in a remote part
of Indonesia, delighting scientists who feared it may be extinct.
The mysterious creature
Attenborough’s long-beaked echidna has spines like a hedgehog, a nose like an anteater,
and feet like a mole. It was first recorded by scientists in 1961, then not seen again for
over 60 years.
The exhilarating discovery
In 2022, researchers set up cameras in Indonesia’s Cyclops Mountains to try to find the
elusive echidna. On the very last day, they were rewarded with amazing photos of the
animal walking through the forest. The sighting brought euphoria and relief after an
arduous expedition.
An ancient lineage
Echidnas belong to an ancient egg-laying group of mammals that split off over 200 million
years ago. This makes them seem very peculiar compared to other mammals. A different
echidna species lives in Australia and New Guinea.
Cultural significance
The echidna holds an important place in local indigenous culture. It symbolizes the
resolution of conflict. Elders say disagreements were settled by sending opposing parties
to find near-impossible to locate animals – the echidna and marlin.
Mars Sample Return Mission Faces Budget Crisis
NASA’s ambitious Mars Sample Return mission aims to collect the first-ever rock samples
from Mars and bring them to Earth. But the complex undertaking now faces a budget
crisis that jeopardizes its future.
The Mars Sample Return Mission
The goal is to collect Mars rock samples using rovers and return them to Earth to analyze
for signs of life. This involves new feats like launching from Mars and spaceship
rendezvous around Mars. The mission relies on existing rover Perseverance to collect
samples.
Soaring Costs
An independent NASA review panel found the original $4.4 billion budget estimate was
unrealistic. It warned costs could soar to $8-11 billion, putting other NASA projects at risk
of cancellation. The panel said there is “near zero probability” of success on the current
budget.
Impact on NASA
The ballooning costs have already led NASA to postpone other science missions. Experts
warn the sample return burden is hurting all of NASA’s science endeavors.
Causes of Cost Increases
Challenges like underestimating spacecraft needs, planetary protection complexities, and
supply shortages have driven up costs. Planning also overlooked safeguards against
interplanetary contamination in both directions.
Debate Over Mission’s Future
Some scientists call for cancellation given the budget crisis. But supporters emphasize the
mission’s transformative scientific potential to justify its continuation, despite major cost
overruns.
"Towards Eliminating Plastic Pollution by 2040: A Policy Scenario Analysis" Report
A new report reveals the staggering amount of plastic pollution leaking into the
environment each year. It provides policy guidance to curb this crisis as negotiations
continue on an international plastic treaty.
21 Million Tonnes of Plastic Pollution Annually
The OECD interim report estimates 21 million metric tons of plastics entered the
environment in 2022 alone. 9 million tons polluted aquatic environments. Plastic use and
waste will keep rising sharply without action.
Consequences of Inaction
Continuing business-as-usual would amplify harmful impacts on nature, climate, and
human health. Plastic stocks in oceans could reach 226 million tons by 2040 despite
pollution’s grave costs.
Benefits of Ambitious Action
Coordinated policy tackling plastic’s full lifecycle could cut waste generation by 25% below
projected levels by 2040. It could virtually eliminate mismanaged waste while reducing
leakage to just 1.2 million tons.
Challenges and Costs
Achieving these outcomes requires overcoming technical and economic barriers, including
boosting recycling. Ambitious action would cost 0.5% of global GDP in 2040. But delayed
action also bears long-term costs.
Uneven Impacts
Fast-growing countries face the largest costs as a share of GDP. They need over $1 trillion
for waste management until 2040. International cooperation is essential given the uneven
cost distribution.
Insufficient Current Efforts
Despite the urgent need to curb plastics, today’s policies remain inadequate. Bolder
coordinated action across the full lifecycle is essential to come close to eliminating plastic
pollution by 2040.
Melting Ice and Heavier Snowfall: An Antarctic Paradox
New research reveals an interesting phenomenon in Antarctica – declining sea ice is linked
to increased regional snowfall. While this can temporarily slow global sea level rise, it is
unlikely to fully offset long-term ice melt impacts.
Sea Ice Loss Boosts Snowfall
A study in Geophysical Research Letters found less sea ice near the Amundsen Sea causes
more evaporation and precipitation. Lead author Jessica Kromer explained while more
snowfall counteracts some melting, it is not enough to negate climate change effects.
Why Sea Ice Matters
Understanding snowfall rates is key when tracking the ice sheet’s role in sea level
changes. Sea ice modulates regional evaporation. Its loss amplifies the process, bringing
heavier snowfall.
An Intensifying Feedback Loop
The authors concluded that as the planet warms and Antarctic sea ice decline accelerates,
evaporation and associated snowfall will also intensify. This paradoxical effect can
temporarily counteract but not prevent long-term sea level rise.
Fighting the Melting Poles: France's $1 Billion Polar Science Push
Alarmed by the accelerating decline of Earth’s ice caps and glaciers, France is spending $1
billion on polar research over the next decade and calling for protections for polar oceans.
France’s Leadership on Ice Melt
French President Emmanuel Macron hosted a summit with polar nations and scientists.
Experts warned temperatures are rising 4 times faster in the Arctic and half of all glaciers
may disappear by 2100. France seeks climate action at upcoming UN talks.
Impacts of Vanishing Ice
Disappearing ice currently threatens millions, but will imperil billions as glaciers providing
water and reflectivity shrink. Scientists warn of catastrophic and irreversible tipping points
as dark seas absorb more heat where ice once reflected sunlight.
Potential Emergency Measures
Proposed steps like cleaning up soot deposits darkening ice and sealing methane leaks
could quickly slow melt rates. But many experts say averting disaster requires drastic
emission cuts. Some research refreezing the Arctic.
France’s $1 Billion Response
A new French polar research vessel will be part of France’s 10-year, $1 billion polar science
initiative. France calls for protecting polar oceans from seabed exploitation, with support
from 20 other nations so far.
Preserving Seeds, Culture: Traditional Knowledge Among Nagaland's Naga Tribes
The Naga tribes of India’s northeastern Nagaland state have long relied on traditional
knowledge to preserve diverse crop seeds across generations. This oral wisdom enabled
survival but now faces modern pressures.
Seed Saving as Community Safety Net
Naga groups like the Ao and Sümi share seeds in crises. Researchers visiting six Nagaland
villages found seed selection and storage is integral to cultivation, passed down for
generations.
Strategic Crops for Shifting Cultivation
The tribes practice shifting “jhum” cultivation in mountainous terrain. They strategically
plant resilient crops suited to soil types – rice, millet, beans, and vegetables.
Selecting and Storing the Best Seeds
Seeds from the most abundant, tasty harvests are saved for replanting. Drying, fireplaces,
and granaries with bamboo ventilation tools store varieties like beans, maize, and rice.
Basketry Protects Vulnerable Seeds
Expertly woven baskets made of insect-resistant materials traditionally store cucurbits,
tomatoes, peppers and more. Pumpkin and mustard seeds are sun-dried in these baskets.
Changes Reshape Agriculture
Today some tribes use modern storage while others have switched to cash crops,
reducing seed diversity. The communities must balance opportunities and heritage
preservation.
Is India Importing GM Foods Unchecked?
Right to Information requests found India’s FSSAI lacks data on whether imported
produce contains unauthorized GM varieties. It also has no recent test summaries, despite
import growth.
Only One Approved GM Food Crop
India has approved just one GM food crop – cotton. GM mustard awaits court approval.
Without enough safety data, no scientific consensus exists on GM foods’ long-term
impacts.
Initial Strict Guidelines Diluted
FSSAI’s initial rules mandated non-GM certificates for 24 at-risk crops from exporting
nations. But later orders permitted 1% GM content and relaxed certificate norms.
Monitoring and Testing Deficiencies
Experts say India lacks trained staff and facilities to sufficiently monitor imports. Just 2% of
India’s food labs can currently detect GMOs. Random testing is limited.
Solutions to Bolster Oversight
Proposed measures include preferring non-GM exporting nations, mandating testing even
with non-GM certificates, and building regulatory capacity.
World Bank Approves $150 Million to Strengthen Sri Lanka's Financial Sector
The World Bank has recently approved a substantial financial assistance package of USD
150 million to bolster Sri Lanka’s financial and institutional sectors. This support comes at
a crucial time as the country grapples with a severe economic crisis.
Addressing Sri Lanka’s Economic Crisis
Sri Lanka has been facing an unprecedented economic crisis, marked by dwindling foreign
exchange reserves and public protests due to shortages of essential commodities like fuel
and fertilizers. The World Bank recognizes the urgency of the situation and has stepped in
to provide assistance.
The Importance of a Strong Banking Sector
A stable and reliable banking sector is essential for any economy. It not only supports
businesses and individuals but also helps small businesses and impoverished households.
Faris Hadad-Zervos, the World Bank Country Director for Maldives, Nepal, and Sri Lanka,
emphasizes the significance of a robust financial sector in Sri Lanka’s recovery.
Approval of Financial Assistance
The World Bank Executive Board approved the USD 150 million financial assistance
package to Sri Lanka. This substantial amount will be instrumental in strengthening
various aspects of the country’s financial system.
Protecting Depositors and Building Confidence
One of the key components of this financial assistance is the enhancement of the Deposit
Insurance Scheme. This measure aims to safeguard the savings of smaller depositors,
including women and rural residents, while also boosting confidence in Sri Lanka’s
financial system.
The Financial Sector Safety Net Project
The Financial Sector Safety Net Project focuses on bolstering the financial and institutional
capacity of the Sri Lanka Deposit Insurance Scheme (SLDIS). This scheme, managed by the
Central Bank of Sri Lanka, plays a critical role in ensuring the security of deposits in the
country.
Managing External Debt
Sri Lanka is currently burdened with a total foreign debt of USD 46.9 billion. The need for a
“rapid and sufficiently deep external debt restructuring” has been highlighted by global
money lending agencies. The country’s efforts to manage external debt and regain the
confidence of creditors are crucial for its economic recovery.
Preparing for the Future
As Sri Lanka anticipates the release of the second tranche of the International Monetary
Fund’s bailout package, President Ranil Wickremesinghe has emphasized the importance
of servicing external credit with interest. This will be a central focus of the budget for 2024,
set to be presented in Parliament on November 13.
Israel Sells Air Defense System to Finland Amid Conflict in Gaza
As Israel continues heavy airstrikes in Gaza that have killed over 200, it has announced a
major air defense system sale to new NATO member Finland worth over 300 million euros.
Ongoing Bombing Campaign in Gaza
Israel’s military offensive in Gaza has killed hundreds since launching 38 days ago,
targeting Hamas militants and devastating civilians. The latest violence follows long-
running tensions.
Finland Deal for Israeli-US Air Defense System
Despite the Gaza conflict, Israel finalized a deal to sell Finland a jointly developed Israeli-
US system that can intercept missiles, aircraft, and drones.
More Military Sales for Israel
The Finland deal comes after Israel signed its largest ever arms contract – a $3.5 billion
sale of its Arrow 3 hypersonic missiles to Germany. Germany aims to boost NATO
defenses.
Finland Joining NATO Push
As a new NATO member after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, Finland has also looked to
upgrade military capabilities. It moved quickly to purchase Israeli air defenses.
Massive German Military Spending
Germany has pledged over $100 billion to transform its military, enabling it to meet NATO
budget goals. It plans to double aid to Ukraine next year.
International Efforts to Combat Illegal Trade and Protect Jaguars and Big Cats
Parties to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and
Flora (CITES) have come together to combat the illegal trade of jaguar parts and
derivatives and to address the issue of poaching through coordinated enforcement
efforts. These important decisions were made during the CITES meeting held in Cuiaba,
Brazil in September 2023.
Urgent Measures to Combat Jaguar Poaching
At the 19th meeting of the Conference of the Parties (COP19) to CITES, the participating
nations received a directive to urgently adopt comprehensive enforcement controls aimed
at eliminating poaching of jaguars. This directive underscores the seriousness of the
threat to jaguars and the need for immediate action.
Jaguar Conservation as a Priority
The parties also resolved to prioritize jaguars as a species of concern for enforcement
operations and wildlife crime prevention. This decision reflects the commitment to protect
jaguars and their habitats.
Five Key Objectives for Jaguar Conservation
During the meeting, the parties set five objectives for jaguar conservation. These
objectives include sharing information on illegal trade, minimizing habitat loss and
fragmentation, preventing negative human-jaguar interactions, and curbing illegal killing
and trade. Additionally, strategies to reduce demand for jaguar products in illegal trade
were discussed.
Building Conservation Efforts
Efforts were made to align conservation actions and develop strategies to promote
coexistence with jaguars. This included encouraging behavior change, promoting
coexistence, and creating alternative livelihoods to reduce jaguar killings and trade.
Creating Support Systems
The parties explored options for establishing an intergovernmental platform to support
states in jaguar conservation efforts. This platform would facilitate effective continental
action plans and encourage collaboration with local communities and indigenous people.
Jaguar Conservation Roadmap 2030
Participants emphasized the need to strengthen international commitments related to
jaguar conservation. The Jaguar Conservation Roadmap 2030 aims to assess 80 jaguar
landscapes, focusing on population size, density, trends, habitat quality, and presence or
absence of the animals.
Identifying Threats Beyond Poaching
In addition to illegal trade and poaching, the parties identified other threats to jaguars,
such as human-animal conflicts, habitat loss due to wildfires, infrastructure development,
increased agricultural practices, and reduced prey availability.
Conservation of Big Cats
Besides jaguars, the parties also addressed the conservation of other big cats, particularly
leopards. They called for sharing information on conservation efforts to combat leopard
poaching.
Strengthening Oversight of Captive Tigers
To protect Asian big cats, the parties urged countries with captive tigers to strengthen
compliance monitoring and enforcement through measures like microchips, DNA analysis,
and stripe identification images. Facilities housing tigers must adhere to conservation and
welfare guidelines.
Responsible Management of Tiger Facilities
The parties emphasized the importance of identifying tiger facilities with genetic and
conservation value and ensuring public access and adequate welfare conditions. Breeding
tigers for trade in their parts and derivatives was discouraged.
Reducing Tiger Populations in Captivity
To align with conservation goals, the parties urged the reduction of captive tiger
populations and considered measures like euthanasia if necessary due to the phasing out
of intensive tiger operations.
Regional Focus on Conservation Breeding
Thailand and Vietnam were specifically encouraged to identify and support the
conservation breeding of tigers from the mainland Southeast Asian lineage, known as
Panthera tigris corbetti.
Southeast Asia's Declining Tigers Darken Global Recovery Efforts
While tiger populations are rebounding in parts of Asia, numbers are plummeting in
Southeast Asia, posing challenges to international goals of doubling wild tigers globally by
2022.
Tiger Census Submissions to CITES
Countries submitted population data to CITES wildlife treaty from 2010-2022 under the
Global Tiger Recovery Program. Overall there was a 60% rise to 5,870 tigers.
Stark Regional Divide in Tiger Trends
South Asia saw gains, but Bhutan, Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam populations
declined, making Southeast Asia’s situation “grim.”
Factors Driving Southeast Asia Declines
Poaching, poor monitoring, habitat loss for development, proximity to wildlife trade hubs,
and weak law enforcement caused drops.
Habitat Protection Keys South Asia Success
Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal and China/Russia saw tiger increases thanks to habitat
conservation and protection steps. Nepal tripled its tigers.

Habitat Loss Threatens All Tigers
The report warns habitat fragmentation from deforestation for infrastructure and logging
degrades tiger landscapes across its range.
Urgent Action Needed
Without policy change and resources to address Southeast Asia poaching and habitat loss,
remaining tiger populations face local extinction.
Iceland Declares Emergency as Quakes Portend Volcanic Eruption
A state of emergency was declared in Iceland after powerful earthquakes rocked the
Reykjanes peninsula, signaling a possible volcanic eruption could occur within days.
Earthquake Swarm Near Populated Areas
Thousands of tremors have hit near Grindavik village since October. Friday saw the largest
quakes, felt 40 km away in the capital, damaging infrastructure.
Preparing Contingency Plans
Authorities warned quakes could precede an eruption. Grindavik and the key Blue Lagoon
tourist site closed. Evacuation plans are ready if fissures open.
Monitoring the Threat
Scientists detected accumulating underground magma about 5 km down. They said lava
would likely flow southeast/west if it reaches the surface, not towards Grindavik.
Recent History of Volcanic Activity
The Reykjanes peninsula saw eruptions in 2021, 2022, and 2023 after being dormant for
centuries. Experts believe increased activity could persist for decades or more.
Wide Impacts Possible
Iceland has 33 active volcanoes due to its position atop the boundary between tectonic
plates. A 2010 eruption shut down European air travel, stranding 10 million travelers.
CDC Identifies New Sub-Variant JN.1 of Omicron
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the United States have reported
the emergence of a new sub-variant of the Omicron variant, known as JN.1, with limited
information available about its characteristics and potential impact.
Discovery of Sub-Variant JN.1
The CDC flagged the presence of the new sub-variant, JN.1, which is derived from the
Omicron variant BA.2.86. This discovery has raised concerns but has not yet been fully
characterized.
Geographic Spread
JN.1 has been detected in 11 countries, including the United Kingdom, Iceland, Portugal,
Spain, and the Netherlands. Its first identification was in the United States in September
2023. However, it currently represents a minor portion of SARS-CoV-2 viruses in the US,
making up only 0.1 percent, while the majority belong to the XBB group of the Omicron
variant.
Key Mutations and Immunity
Unlike its ancestor, which had over 30 mutations, JN.1 carries an additional spike mutation
known as L455S. This mutation is suspected to have the potential to evade immunity.
Specifically, it primarily escapes Class 1 neutralizing antibodies.

Uncertainty Surrounding Spread
While JN.1’s predecessor, BA.2.86, did not spread efficiently, experts believe it’s uncertain
whether the new sub-variant JN.1 will gain prominence. It is currently under close
observation to assess its transmissibility and impact on immunity.
Other Notable Variants
Prior to JN.1’s emergence, the US saw the dominance of HV.1, a derivative of EG.5, which
accounted for a significant portion of infections. Researchers suspect that HV.1’s
enhanced transmissibility and immune evasion might be linked to specific mutations.
Vaccine Efficacy
The effectiveness of existing vaccines against HV.1 remains uncertain. Experts believe that
the vaccines may perform similarly against both HV.1 and EG.5. However, more data is
needed to confirm this.
Ongoing Monitoring
The CDC and the World Health Organization (WHO) continue to monitor the evolving
landscape of COVID-19 variants. New variants are expected to emerge, some of which may
replace previous ones.
Global Impact
Hospitalization rates due to COVID-19 continue to fluctuate globally, with several countries
reporting high numbers in recent months. The reduction in testing and reporting has
made it challenging to accurately assess infection rates.
WHO’s Surveillance
The WHO is closely monitoring several variants of interest, including XBB.1.5, XBB.1.16,
and EG.5, along with six other variants under surveillance. EG.5 remains predominant,
representing a significant portion of global sequences.
Continual Monitoring
As countries integrate COVID-19 reporting into respiratory disease surveillance, the WHO
plans to continue monitoring data related to morbidity and its impact on health systems.
November 14, 2023
PM Modi to Launch PM-PVTG Development Mission on Birsa Munda's Birth Anniversary
Prime Minister Narendra Modi is set to launch the PM-PVTG Development Mission, a
significant scheme aimed at the comprehensive development of approximately 28 lakh
people from Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs). This momentous event is
scheduled to take place on November 15, coinciding with the birth anniversary of the
renowned tribal freedom fighter Birsa Munda. This day has been celebrated as “Janjatiya
Gaurav Diwas” for the past three years.
Historic Visit to Ulihatu Village
The launch of the PM-PVTG Development Mission will be conducted in Jharkhand’s Khunti
district, following a visit to Ulihatu village, which is the birthplace of Birsa Munda. Notably,
this visit will make Prime Minister Modi the first sitting Prime Minister to set foot in the
village. Last year, on Janjatiya Gaurav Diwas, President Droupadi Murmu also made a
historic visit to the village, marking the first such visit by any President.
Viksit Bharat Sankalp Yatra
In addition to the PM-PVTG mission, Prime Minister Modi is expected to launch the “Viksit
Bharat Sankalp Yatra” from Khunti. This yatra aims to achieve the saturation of flagship
government schemes across the entire country. The journey will commence from tribal-
dominated districts, with the goal of covering all districts by January 2024.
A Range of Initiatives
Prime Minister Modi’s visit to Jharkhand on November 14 and 15 will encompass the
release of the 15th installment of the PM-KISAN scheme and the inauguration and
foundation stone laying for projects worth ₹7,200 crore across various sectors, including
rail, road, education, coal, petroleum, and natural gas.
Transforming Lives of PVTG Communities
The PM-PVTG Mission is strategically designed to provide critical infrastructure such as
power, water, road connectivity, housing, education, and healthcare to the 75 PVTG
communities residing in remote villages. Multiple government ministries will collaborate
on this mission, bringing about 11 interventions to the targeted villages, including the PM-
Gram Sadak Yojana, PM-Gram Awaas Yojana, and Jal Jeevan Mission.
Ensuring Comprehensive Welfare
Government sources have confirmed that concerted efforts will be made in PVTG villages
to ensure the saturation of vital schemes like PM-Jan Arogya Yojana, Sickle-Cell Elimination
Campaign, TB elimination campaign, 100% immunization, PM Surakshit Matritva Yojana,
PM Matru Vandana Yojana, PM Poshan, PM Jan Dhan Yojana, and more.
Increased Allocation for PM-PVTG Mission
Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman had initially allocated ₹15,000 crore for the PM-PVTG
scheme over three years. However, the latest statement reveals that the government has
now increased the allocation to ₹24,000 crore, emphasizing its commitment to the
mission’s success.
Concerns and Challenges
Despite the government’s efforts, a House Panel on the welfare of Scheduled Castes and
Scheduled Tribes expressed concerns about the budgeting for the PM-PVTG mission,
noting the absence of current data on the total population of PVTGs in the country. This
highlights the challenges the mission may face in achieving its objectives.
Indian Government Launches AAINA Dashboard for Cities
On November 13, the Central government unveiled a groundbreaking web portal that is
set to become a permanent repository for various data concerning Indian cities. Named
the ‘AAINA Dashboard for Cities,’ this initiative, led by the Union Housing and Urban
Affairs Ministry, aims to establish a comprehensive database of key performance metrics
for Urban Local Bodies (ULBs). Once populated, this database will be accessible to all
stakeholders and eventually made available for public viewing.
Inclusive Participation
One of the key features of this initiative is its inclusivity. Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) from
across the country are encouraged to actively participate by voluntarily submitting their
essential data through a user-friendly, data-entry form on the portal. This collective effort
will contribute to the richness and accuracy of the data available.
Five Pillars of Data
The AAINA Dashboard for Cities will organize the data submitted by ULBs into five broad
pillars, making it easier to assess and analyze. These pillars encompass political and
administrative structure, finance, planning, citizen-centric governance, and the delivery of
basic services. This comprehensive approach ensures that all critical aspects of urban
development are covered.
Empowering Urban Areas
The primary objectives of the dashboard are to empower cities to assess their
performance relative to other urban areas, inspire them by highlighting opportunities for
improvement, and provide a platform for learning and engagement with leading cities. In
essence, the dashboard will serve as a valuable tool for fostering healthy competition and
growth among Indian cities.
Streamlined Data Submission
ULBs will be required to submit their data, including audited accounts and self-reported
performance metrics, by logging into the dedicated portal. This streamlined process
ensures that the information is accurate, up-to-date, and readily accessible for analysis
and decision-making.
Government Considers Expanding DAY-NULM
The Indian government is contemplating the launch of a second phase of the Deendayal
Antyodaya Yojana-National Urban Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NULM), which is scheduled to
conclude in March 2024. This potential expansion aims to specifically target the migrant
population residing in urban areas, as revealed by government sources.
DAY-NULM 2.0: Targeting Occupation Groups
Under DAY-NULM 2.0, the government envisions focusing on various occupation groups
within cities, including construction workers, rickshaw drivers, and other workers in the
unorganized sector. This shift would represent a strategic realignment of the mission to
address the unique needs of these diverse urban occupational segments.
Current Focus of DAY-NULM
As of now, DAY-NULM primarily concentrates on initiatives such as establishing women’s
self-help groups, providing skill-based training, setting up shelters for urban homeless
individuals, and supporting street vendors. DAY-NULM 2.0 may introduce similar groups
and initiatives tailored to specific occupations.
Collaboration with United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
In June of this year, the Union Housing and Urban Affairs Ministry, responsible for DAY-
NULM, entered into a three-year Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the United
Nations Development Programme (UNDP). This collaborative effort, with a focus on
entrepreneurship development and enterprise growth, is set to extend beyond 2025 and
initially cover eight cities.
Evolution of the Mission
The DAY-NULM mission, originally launched by the UPA government in 2013, underwent
significant changes in scope and nomenclature under the NDA government in 2016. This
evolution reflects the government’s commitment to adapt and enhance urban livelihood
initiatives.
Budget Allocation and Support
As of the latest available data, the ministry had allocated a budget of Rs 5,387 crore for
DAY-NULM out of the total Central share of Rs 6,404 crore. This financial support
underscores the government’s dedication to empowering urban communities through
the mission.
Empowering Women’s Self-Help Groups
DAY-NULM empowers women’s self-help groups by providing each group with a revolving
fund of Rs 10,000 to initiate their ventures. This fund is designed to foster a culture of
thrift and credit among group members and is a crucial part of the lending corpus,
combined with the group members’ savings.
Skill Training and Employment Opportunities
The mission has successfully trained over 15 lakh beneficiaries, with 8.20 lakh individuals
finding employment opportunities. Additionally, 8.83 lakh beneficiaries have received
support to establish their independent or group businesses.
Supporting Street Vendors
DAY-NULM has conducted surveys to determine the number of street vendors in 3,467
cities, identifying a total of 53.76 lakh vendors who were provided with letters of
recommendation. This effort also resulted in 37.52 lakh vendors receiving certificates of
vending, while 30.99 lakh were issued ID cards, as per available data.
Uttarkashi Tunnel Collapse
On November 12, a section of the under-construction tunnel from Silkyara to Dandalgaon
in Uttarakhand’s Uttarkashi collapsed, trapping approximately 36-40 laborers. The
incident occurred as part of the Char Dham all-weather road project, aimed at reducing
the journey between Uttarkashi and Yamunotri by 26 kilometers. Fortunately, no
casualties have been reported thus far.
Ongoing Rescue Operation
Efforts to rescue the trapped individuals are currently underway, with the police force,
National Disaster Response Force (NDRF), and State Disaster Response Force (SDRF)
teams present at the site. As of now, all 40 workers are confirmed to be safe, receiving
food and water supplies. However, authorities anticipate that the rescue operation may
take up to two more days to complete.
Challenges Faced by Rescuers
The continuous falling of loose debris from above has posed challenges for the rescue
teams. To stabilize the area, shotcreting is deemed necessary. The plan involves pushing a
steel pipe with an 800 MM diameter through the debris by boring a hole, aiming to
complete the rescue as soon as possible.
Communication with Trapped Workers
Initial communication with the trapped workers was established through wireless
communication past midnight on Sunday. Rescuers have maintained contact with the
laborers through a pipe intended for supplying food. The collapsed area spans 30 meters
and is located 270 meters inside the tunnel from the Sikyara side.
Investigation Underway
A technical committee, led by the Uttarakhand Landslide Minimization and Management
Centre, is investigating the circumstances leading to the tunnel’s partial collapse after a
landslide. The trapped workers come from various states across India, including
Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, Orissa, Bihar, West Bengal, Uttarakhand, Assam, and Himachal
Pradesh.
Parliamentary Committee Recommends No Handcuffs for Economic Offenders
A parliamentary committee has recommended that individuals accused of economic
offenses should not be handcuffed, differentiating them from those arrested for heinous
crimes such as rape and murder. The committee’s suggestions come as part of
recommended changes to the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS).
Introduction of BNSS-2023 Bill
The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS-2023) bill was introduced in the Lok Sabha
on August 11, along with the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS-2023) and the Bharatiya
Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA-2023) bills. These three proposed laws aim to replace the Code of
Criminal Procedure Act, 1898, the Indian Penal Code, 1860, and the Indian Evidence Act,
1872, respectively.
Restricting Handcuffs to Heinous Crimes
The parliamentary panel has emphasized that the use of handcuffs should be restricted to
select heinous crimes to prevent the escape of individuals accused of serious offenses and
ensure the safety of police officers during arrests. The committee believes that “economic
offenses” should not fall into this category because it encompasses a wide range of
offenses, from minor to severe. Therefore, the blanket application of handcuffing may not
be suitable for all cases under this category.
Proposed Amendment to Clause 43(3) of BNSS
The committee recommends amending Clause 43(3) of the BNSS to delete the words
‘economic offenses’ from the clause. This clause outlines the rules for the use of
handcuffs, specifying the circumstances in which handcuffs may be employed during an
arrest.
Handling Police Custody Beyond the First 15 Days
Additionally, the parliamentary committee has recommended changes related to the
police custody of an accused beyond the initial 15 days from arrest. Clause 187(2) of the
BNSS stipulates a total of 15 days for police custody, but concerns exist that this clause
could be misused by authorities. The committee suggests amending the clause to provide
greater clarity in its interpretation and also proposes adding the words ‘the accused may
be required for police custody beyond the first fifteen days’ to Clause 482 of the BNSS.
Historical Context of Handcuffing
The Supreme Court has previously disapproved of the handcuffing of convicts and
undertrial prisoners, emphasizing the need for fair procedures and objective monitoring.
Handcuffing has been regarded as inhuman and unreasonable, particularly when it lacks
justification and is deemed overharsh.
Current Police Custody Provisions
Under the existing Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC), police custody can be sought and
granted only during the first 15 days of detention, with a maximum duration of 15 days.
GPS Tracker Anklet: Monitoring Accused Individuals and the Legal Implications
In recent news, Ghulam Mohammad Bhat, accused of offenses under the Unlawful
Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA), was released on bail with a special condition imposed
by a National Investigation Agency (NIA) court in Jammu – the affixing of a GPS tracker
anklet to monitor his movements.
Understanding GPS Trackers
A GPS tracker is a small, wearable device akin to GPS collars used to track animals’
movements. It continuously provides the exact location of the wearer, allowing law
enforcement and security agencies to monitor their real-time movements. The device is
tamper-proof, triggering an alarm if any attempt at tampering is made. It cannot be
removed without damage, ensuring its security.
Availability and Cost
GPS devices are readily available, with some individuals using them for pets and wildlife
tracking. Newer automobiles often come equipped with built-in trackers for anti-theft
purposes. These devices vary in quality and price, and basic GPS trackers can be
purchased online for around Rs 1,000.
Why GPS Tracker for Ghulam Mohammad Bhat?
In Bhat’s case, the prosecution called for close monitoring of his movements while on bail
and suggested GPS tracking as a bail condition. The use of GPS trackers is seen as a
measure to curb activities like narco-smuggling and terrorism. It allows authorities to
monitor whether the individual on bail is associating with active terrorists, engaging in
narcotics assignments, or handling terror funds.
Legal Precedent and Concerns
GPS trackers as a precondition for bail are common in countries like the United States, the
United Kingdom, and Malaysia. However, in India, this technology’s use in such a manner
is relatively new. Human rights activists have raised concerns regarding the absence of
specific legal provisions for such tracking and the need for ethical standards in electronic
monitoring.
Legal Position and Privacy Rights
The use of GPS anklets was sanctioned by a court in Bhat’s case, but the legal framework
for this practice in India remains unclear. Activists argue that tracking individuals infringes
upon their fundamental right to privacy. They emphasize that while public security is
essential, fundamental rights must not be disregarded. The right to life includes the right
to human dignity, as established by the Supreme Court in ‘Maneka Gandhi vs Union of

India’ (1978).
Informed Consent and Ethical Procedures
The use of surveillance technology, including GPS trackers, raises concerns about over-
regulation and human rights infringement. Advocates argue that a system of informed
consent and procedures to address unethical and illegal practices is necessary to balance
security concerns with individual rights.
India Signs USD 400 Million Loan Agreement with ADB to Boost Urban Reform Agenda
The central government of India has inked a significant USD 400 million policy-based loan
agreement with the Asian Development Bank (ADB) to support its urban reform agenda.
The agreement aims to enhance urban infrastructure, service delivery, and governance
systems.
Program Overview
Sub-programme 1, approved in 2021 with a financing of USD 350 million, laid the
foundation for national-level policies and guidelines to improve urban services. Sub-
programme 2 focuses on investment planning and reform actions at the state and urban
local body (ULB) levels.
Support for AMRUT 2.0 and Water Security
Sub-programme 2 supports state and ULB-initiated reforms in operationalizing the
national flagship program, Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation
(AMRUT) 2.0, which aims to provide universal access to water supply and sanitation. The
program also focuses on urban water security, reducing water losses, recycling treated
sewage, rejuvenating water bodies, and maintaining sustainable groundwater levels.
Integrated Urban Planning Reforms
The program encompasses integrated urban planning reforms, including legal,
regulatory, and institutional changes. It also involves capacity building for ULBs and
community awareness. Key aspects include modernization of building bylaws, land
pooling, urban agglomeration, and comprehensive urban mobility planning with a focus
on transit-oriented development.
Climate Resilience and Financial Sustainability
Integrated planning incorporates climate and disaster resilience, promotes nature-based
solutions, enhances the urban environment, and improves financial sustainability. Cities
are encouraged to become creditworthy through revenue enhancement measures such
as property taxes and user charges, improving efficiency, and rationalizing expenditures.
Innovative Financing for Urban Infrastructure
The program aims to help cities mobilize innovative financing options, including
commercial borrowings, municipal bonds, sub-sovereign debts, and public-private
partnerships. These mechanisms will address significant deficits in urban infrastructure
investments.
Smart Cities Mission Progress
As the deadline for the Smart Cities Mission in India approaches in June 2024, cities in
states like Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Rajasthan
have emerged as the top performers. These cities are leading in terms of project
completion and financial progress.
Regional Disparities
Conversely, Union Territories (UTs) and cities in Northeastern states find themselves in the
lower ranks of the Smart Cities Mission progress. There exists a significant disparity in
project completion between these regions and their counterparts in other states.
Ongoing Projects
According to data from the Housing and Urban Affairs Ministry as of November 3,
approximately 22% of total projects (1,745 out of 7,947) are still ongoing. These ongoing
projects account for 33% of the total cost (Rs 57,028 crore out of Rs 1.70 lakh crore). The
majority of projects, numbering 6,202, have been successfully completed.
Leading Cities
Data from November 10 highlights Surat (Gujarat) as the top-performing city in terms of
project completion, fund utilization, and other criteria within the Smart Cities Mission. It is
followed by Agra (UP), Ahmedabad (Gujarat), Varanasi (UP), and Bhopal (MP) in the top
five. Other cities in the top 10 include Tumakuru (Karnataka), Udaipur (Rajasthan),
Madurai (TN), Kota (Rajasthan), and Shivamogga (Karnataka).
Challenges in Smaller Cities
The cities ranking lower in the Smart Cities Mission progress are primarily smaller cities,
Union Territories, and those in the Northeastern region. Sources attribute this lower
ranking to a lack of capacity in these smaller cities. However, officials remain optimistic
that ongoing projects will meet the extended deadline of June 2024.
Background of the Smart Cities Mission
Launched in 2015, the Smart Cities Mission selected 100 cities through a competitive
process from January 2016 to June 2018. These cities were expected to complete all
proposed projects within five years from their selection. In May of this year, the deadline
for all cities was extended to June 2024.
UN Report Highlights Severe Water Scarcity Impacting Children in South Asia Due to Climate
Change
The United Nations has identified South Asia as the region with the highest number of
children struggling due to severe water scarcity compounded by the effects of climate
change. A staggering 347 million children under the age of 18 in South Asia are exposed to
high or extremely high water scarcity, surpassing any other region in the world.
Climate Change Amplifying Water Crisis
The eight-nation South Asian region, including Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India,
Nepal, Maldives, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, is home to more than one-quarter of the world’s
children. Climate change is disrupting weather patterns and rainfall, resulting in
unpredictable water availability and exacerbating the water crisis in the region.
Factors Contributing to Water Scarcity
The UNICEF report highlights various factors contributing to water scarcity in South Asia,
including poor water quality, insufficient water supply, and mismanagement practices
such as over-pumping of aquifers. Climate change further reduces the replenishment of
water sources, compounding the problem.
Impact on Communities
The consequences of water scarcity in the region extend beyond individual households.
When village wells run dry, it affects homes, health centers, and schools. The increasing
unpredictability of the climate is expected to worsen the situation for children in South
Asia.
Progress in Expanding Water Services
Despite the challenges, UNICEF noted that efforts to expand water services are underway
in South Asia, with the number of children lacking access to basic drinking water services
expected to be halved by 2030. The region is actively working toward improving water
availability and quality for its population.
OPEC Maintains Confidence in Oil Market Despite Price Drop, Blames Speculators
The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) has expressed confidence
in the oil market’s underlying strength, emphasizing robust fundamentals. Despite recent
price declines, OPEC cited healthy global growth trends, strong Chinese imports, minor
downside risks to economic growth, and a resilient physical oil market as indicators of
market stability.
Speculative Pressure on Oil Prices
OPEC attributed the recent drop in oil prices to financial market speculators. It highlighted
that market sentiment has been negatively influenced by speculative activities, leading to
a decline in oil prices from their 2023 peak.
Revised Global Oil Demand Forecast
In its monthly report, OPEC slightly raised its forecast for global oil demand growth in
2023, now projecting an increase of 2.46 million barrels per day (bpd), up by 20,000 bpd
from the previous forecast. The organization maintained its 2024 demand prediction at
2.25 million bpd.
China’s Role in Demand Recovery
The lifting of pandemic-related restrictions in China has played a significant role in driving
oil demand higher in 2023. OPEC’s forecasts for next year’s demand growth remain more
optimistic compared to other organizations like the International Energy Agency (IEA).
OPEC’s Production Efforts
OPEC and its allies, collectively known as OPEC+, have been implementing production cuts
since late 2022 to provide support to the oil market. However, the report noted that
OPEC’s oil production increased in October, despite the agreed-upon supply cuts. This
increase was primarily driven by higher production levels in Iran, Angola, and Nigeria.
MoRTH Proposes Uniform Cyber Security Standards for Four-Wheelers
The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) has introduced a draft proposal
for uniform Cyber Security and Management Systems (CSMS) provisions for specific
categories of four-wheelers, including both passenger and commercial vehicles. The aim is
to safeguard these vehicles and their functions from potential cyber threats.
Approval Process
According to the draft titled ‘Approval of Vehicles with Regards to Cyber Security and
Cyber Security Management System,’ vehicle manufacturers or their accredited
representatives must submit applications for approval of vehicle types concerning cyber
security. This move ensures that vehicles adhere to standardized cyber security measures.
Standardization Efforts
The draft report outlines the efforts made by the Automotive Industry Standards
Committee (AISC) during its 66th meeting in July 2023 to formulate an Automotive
Industry Standard (AIS). This standard focuses on the approval of vehicles equipped with
Cyber Security and Management Systems (CSMS). Its purpose is to establish uniform
provisions for CSMS integrated into motor vehicles falling under categories M and N.
Compliance with Existing Legislation
The proposed standard acknowledges that it should not override existing standards or
regional and national legislations governing authorized access to vehicle data, functions,
and resources. It also respects national and regional privacy laws pertaining to the
protection of personal data.
Vehicle Manufacturer Responsibilities
As part of the proposed standards, vehicle manufacturers are expected to implement
suitable and proportional measures to secure dedicated environments on vehicle types
for the storage and execution of aftermarket software, services, applications, or data. This
is a crucial step to ensure cyber security.
Defining Cybersecurity and CSMS
The draft report clarifies that cybersecurity pertains to safeguarding road vehicles and
their functions from cyber threats, particularly those targeting electrical or electronic
components. CSMS, on the other hand, refers to a systematic risk-based approach that
outlines organizational processes, responsibilities, and governance to manage and
mitigate risks associated with cyber threats to vehicles, ultimately protecting them from
cyberattacks.
New Guidelines for IIM Director Appointments
The central government has recently issued fresh guidelines for the selection of directors
at Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs). These guidelines bring significant changes to
the qualifications required for IIM director appointments and grant enhanced authority to
the President as the “visitor” to these prestigious business schools.
Key Changes
Stricter Educational Qualifications
Under the new guidelines, candidates aspiring to become IIM directors must meet stricter
educational qualifications. A “distinguished” academic record is now mandatory, which
includes holding a first-class degree in both Bachelor’s and Master’s levels, in addition to
possessing a PhD or its equivalent from a reputable institution. This marks a departure
from the previous qualifications, which only required a “distinguished academic record
with a PhD or equivalent.”

Presidential Authority as the “Visitor”
The most significant change is the enhanced authority granted to the President, who will
now serve as the “visitor” to the IIMs. This designation empowers the President with
various key responsibilities:
1. Appointing the Chairperson of the Board of Governors.
2. Appointing and Removing Directors.
3. Dissolving the Board in Case of Neglect of Duties or Disobedience of the Visitor’s
Instructions by Any Board Member.
Ultimate Decision-Making Power
The new regulations bestow the visitor with the ultimate decision-making power in the
appointment of IIM directors. While the board can recommend names, the visitor has the
authority to nominate one of the recommended candidates for appointment. If the visitor
is dissatisfied with the board’s recommendations, they can request fresh
recommendations or even a new panel of names.
Shift from Board’s Purview
Previously, the director’s appointment was entirely within the purview of the board.
However, the new guidelines significantly diminish the board’s role in the selection
process.
Reintroduction of the Visitor Concept
The concept of the visitor’s authority in IIMs was initially introduced in the 2015 draft of
the current act but faced opposition from IIMs, who were concerned about potential
threats to their autonomy. Consequently, this provision was omitted from the final bill. Its
reintroduction now marks a substantial change in the governance structure of IIMs.
Dissolving the Board
Under the new regulations, the visitor has the power to dissolve the board under three
circumstances:
1. If the board is deemed incapable of fulfilling its functions.
2. If it consistently fails to comply with directives issued by the Visitor according to this
Act.
3. In Cases of Public Interest.
November 15, 2023
Defence Minister Rajnath Singh to Attend ASEAN Defence Ministers' Meeting-Plus in Jakarta
Defence Minister Rajnath Singh is set to embark on an official visit to Jakarta on November
16 and 17. His visit is in connection with the 10th Association of South East Asian Nations
(ASEAN) Defence Ministers’ Meeting-Plus (ADMM-Plus). During his visit, he will address
the forum on regional and international security matters.
Indonesia as Host
Indonesia, currently serving as the chair of ADMM-Plus, is hosting the meeting. This
significant gathering comes at a time when Myanmar is experiencing escalated conflicts
between its Army and insurgent groups, leading to the influx of Myanmar refugees into
Mizoram, India.
Bilateral Meetings and Defence Cooperation
On the sidelines of the ADMM-Plus, Defence Minister Rajnath Singh will engage in bilateral
meetings with the Defence Ministers of participating countries. These meetings will focus
on strengthening defence cooperation between India and these nations, fostering
mutually beneficial partnerships.
Overview of ADMM and ADMM-Plus
The ADMM (Association of South East Asian Nations Defence Ministers’ Meeting)
serves as the highest defence consultative and cooperative mechanism within
ASEAN.
The ADMM-Plus, on the other hand, is a platform that includes ASEAN member-
states (Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines,
Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam) and its eight dialogue partners (India, U.S., China,
Russia, Japan, South Korea, Australia, and New Zealand).
The primary objective is to strengthen security and defence cooperation.
India’s Involvement
India became a dialogue partner of ASEAN in 1992.
The inaugural ADMM-Plus was convened in Hanoi, Vietnam, on October 12, 2010.
Since 2017, ADMM-Plus Ministers have met annually to enhance cooperation among
ASEAN and its Plus countries.
Areas of Cooperation
The ADMM-Plus advances practical cooperation among member countries through
seven Experts Working Groups (EWGs).
These groups focus on various aspects, including maritime security, military
medicine, cyber security, peacekeeping operations, counter-terrorism, humanitarian
mine action, and Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR).
During the 10th ADMM-Plus, the next set of co-chairs for the 2024-2027 cycle will be
announced, building on the collaborative efforts in the current cycle from 2021-2024,
where India is co-chairing the EWG on HADR along with Indonesia.
APEC Leaders' Week in San Francisco
The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Leaders’ Week, taking place in San
Francisco, has garnered significant attention as it hosts the first in-person meeting in a
year between US President Joe Biden and China’s President Xi Jinping. The meeting is set
to address the ongoing tensions and trade disputes between the two nations, with the US-
China relationship being a major focal point of the summit.
India’s Presence at APEC
While India is not a member of APEC, the country is represented at the forum by its Union
Minister for Commerce and Industry, Piyush Goyal, underlining the importance of the
event in the global economic landscape.
APEC’s Historical Role
APEC, founded in 1989, serves as a regional economic forum with the aim of promoting
regional economic integration and prosperity in the Asia-Pacific region. It originally
formed in response to the economic growth observed in East Asian countries during the
1980s and preceding decades.
APEC’s Membership and Structure
APEC comprises 21 member economies, referred to as “economies” due to the primary
focus on trade and economic matters. Notably, Taiwan and Hong Kong participate as
distinct entities despite China’s assertion that they are integral parts of China.
APEC’s Advocacy for Free Trade
Throughout its history, APEC has consistently championed free trade, the reduction of
trade tariffs, and economic liberalization. Its early objectives included the establishment of
a liberalized free trade area around the Pacific Rim.
India’s Aspiration to Join APEC
India has expressed its interest in becoming a member of APEC and made a formal
request in 1991. The request was based on India’s geographical location, the size of its
economy, and its trade interactions within the Asia-Pacific region. However, APEC has
maintained an informal moratorium on expanding its membership.
Key Focus of This Year’s APEC Summit
The highlight of this year’s APEC summit is the meeting between President Biden and
President Xi, despite expectations of limited immediate changes in US-China relations. The
summit also aims to emphasize progress on the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework (IPEF),
which began after the US withdrew from the Trans-Pacific Partnership. Currently, 14
members, including India, are part of the IPEF, with most being APEC members as well.
Indo-Pacific Regional Dialogue (IPRD) 2023
The annual Indo-Pacific Regional Dialogue (IPRD), an apex-level international conference
organized by the Indian Navy, is set to take place in New Delhi from November 15 to 17,
2023. This prestigious event features a distinguished lineup of speakers and aims to
address crucial maritime security and connectivity issues in the Indo-Pacific region.
Conceptual Positioning of IPRD and Goa Maritime Conclave
The IPRD follows closely after the Goa Maritime Conclave 2023, organized by the Indian
Navy in Goa from October 29 to 31, 2023. While the Goa Maritime Conclave focuses on
strategic-operational engagement among Chiefs-of-Navy and Heads of Maritime Agencies
in the Indian Ocean Region, the IPRD takes a broader, strategic-level approach to address
holistic maritime security issues across the vast Indo-Pacific.
History and Evolution of IPRD
The IPRD has a history dating back to 2018 when the first edition was held in New Delhi.
Subsequent editions took place in 2019, with a pause in 2020 due to the COVID-19
pandemic. The third edition was conducted in 2021 in an online format, and the fourth
edition returned to a physical format in New Delhi in 2022.
Role of the National Maritime Foundation (NMF)
The National Maritime Foundation (NMF) serves as the Indian Navy’s knowledge partner
and the chief organizer of each IPRD edition. The conference’s primary goal is to examine
various maritime trends in the Indo-Pacific, assess regional opportunities and challenges,
and foster solution-oriented discussions among key stakeholders.
Theme of IPRD-2023
The overarching theme of IPRD-2023 is “Geopolitical Impacts upon Indo-Pacific Maritime
Trade and Connectivity.” Building on the previous edition’s focus on operationalizing the
Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative (IPOI), this year’s conference hones in on the “Trade,
Connectivity, and Maritime Transport” pillar of the IPOI. It delves into the realms of
responsible maritime connectivity and the challenges posed by geopolitical disturbances.
Professional Sessions
IPRD-2023 will feature six professional sessions, each exploring different aspects of
maritime trade and connectivity in the Indo-Pacific:
1. Nodes of Maritime Connectivity
2. China’s Impact vis-à-vis Maritime Connectivity across the Indo-Pacific
3. Maritime Connectivity through Shipping and Trade
4. Maritime Connectivity through Shipping and Trade (Part 2)
5. Private Industry in the Safety and Security of Indo-Pacific Maritime Trade and
Shipping
6. Maintaining a Rules-based, Safe, and Secure Indo-Pacific
Diverse International Participation
The conference will welcome renowned subject-matter experts and speakers from 16
countries, offering diverse regional perspectives on maritime trade and connectivity
issues. Additionally, representatives from various embassies and high commissions in
New Delhi will participate, enhancing the international dimension of the event.
Inclusive Engagement
IPRD-2023 encourages participation from a broad spectrum of attendees, including
students, scholars, citizens, military practitioners, diplomats, and think-tank
representatives from both India and abroad. Their contributions will add depth and
vibrancy to the discussions at this significant international gathering.
Rear Admiral CR Praveen Nair Assumes Command of Indian Navy's Western Fleet
On November 10, 2023, a significant change of command took place within the Indian
Navy’s Western Fleet, often referred to as the ‘Sword Arm.’ Rear Admiral CR Praveen Nair,
NM, assumed the role of Flag Officer Commanding Western Fleet in a grand ceremony
held at the Naval Dockyard in Mumbai. He succeeded Rear Admiral Vineet McCarty,
marking a notable transition in the leadership of this vital naval fleet.
A Distinguished Naval Career
Rear Admiral Nair’s journey in the Indian Navy began when he was commissioned on July
1, 1991. Throughout his career, he has continually demonstrated dedication and
commitment to naval service. He has also pursued education and training at prestigious
institutions, including the Naval Academy in Goa, the Defence Services Staff College in
Wellington, and the US Naval War College in Newport, USA.
Varied Roles and Expertise
With a specialization in Communication and Electronic Warfare, Rear Admiral Nair has
served on several Indian Naval Ships, including Krishna, Kora, and Mysore. His role
extended to serving as the Fleet Electronic Warfare Officer and the Fleet Communication
Officer of the Western Fleet. Additionally, he held the position of Fleet Operations Officer
of the Eastern Fleet, showcasing his diverse expertise in naval operations.
Contributions to Naval Training
Rear Admiral Nair’s contributions to naval training have been invaluable. He has held
positions in the Talwar Class Training Team, served as a Directing Staff member at the
Naval War College in Goa, and acted as the Officer-in-Charge of Signal School in Kochi. His
involvement in training highlights his commitment to enhancing the skills and knowledge
of fellow naval personnel.
Commanding Prestigious Naval Vessels
Throughout his illustrious career, Rear Admiral Nair has had the honor of commanding
various naval vessels. Notably, he served as the commanding officer of the missile
corvette INS Kirch, an accomplishment that reflects his leadership capabilities. He also
took the helm of the renowned aircraft carrier INS Vikramaditya and played a pivotal role
in the commissioning of the guided missile destroyer INS Chennai.
Parliamentary Panel Recommends Stricter Penalties for Food Adulteration in Bharatiya Nyaya
Sanhita
A parliamentary panel has expressed concerns over the adequacy of penalties for food
adulteration in the proposed Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) and has recommended
stricter measures. The committee has suggested a minimum imprisonment of six months
for individuals selling adulterated food or drinks, coupled with a minimum fine of Rs
25,000. Currently, the Indian Penal Code (IPC) Section 272, which remains unchanged in
the BNS, prescribes a punishment of up to six months in jail, or a fine up to Rs 1,000, or
both, for the offence of food adulteration.
Addressing Health Concerns
The Parliamentary Standing Committee for Home Affairs, in its report on the Bharatiya
Nyaya Sanhita, emphasized the need for more stringent penalties in light of the “serious
health issues” that can arise from consuming adulterated food. The committee’s
recommendation aims to deter adulteration practices and protect public health.
Tougher Measures for Noxious Food and Drinks
For the offence of “sale of noxious food and drinks,” the committee, led by Bharatiya
Janata Party (BJP) MP Brij Lal, has proposed a minimum sentence of six months and a
minimum fine of Rs 10,000. In contrast, IPC Section 273, which remains unchanged in the
BNS, stipulates a minimum punishment that may extend to six months and/or a fine of Rs
1,000 or both.
Procedural Lapses and Rectification
The committee also highlighted that many cases under the Prevention of Food
Adulteration Act, 1954, result in acquittals due to procedural lapses in sample collection,
among other reasons. Additionally, the committee noted the presence of typographical
and grammatical errors in the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, cautioning that even a single error
could lead to misinterpretation and dilution of the intended provisions. The committee
has called upon the Ministry of Home Affairs to rectify these errors.
Proposals to Replace Existing Laws
The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS 2023) Bill, along with the Bharatiya Nyaya
Sanhita (BNS 2023) and the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA 2023) Bills, was introduced
in the Lok Sabha on August 11. These proposed laws seek to replace the long-standing
Code of Criminal Procedure Act of 1898, the Indian Penal Code of 1860, and the Indian
Evidence Act of 1872.
Dissent Notes and Opposition
The committee’s reports also include dissent notes from several opposition members,
including Derek O’Brien from the Trinamool Congress. O’Brien expressed concerns over
the limited modifications to the existing criminal law, stating that approximately 93% of
the current legislation “remains unaltered” and that 18 out of 22 chapters were copied
into the new Bills. He suggested that existing laws could have been adapted more
effectively to incorporate specific changes.
Active vs. Passive Funds: Insights into Mutual Fund Flows in Q2
During the July-September quarter (Q2), active equity funds took the spotlight, attracting
significant attention from mutual fund investors. According to a study conducted by
Motilal Oswal AMC, active equity funds experienced robust net inflows of approximately
Rs 74,000 crore. Fund managers demonstrated their ability to generate higher returns for
investors through dynamic and active investment strategies, making active funds the
preferred choice among investors.
Understanding Active Funds
Active funds are managed by professional fund managers who actively make decisions on
whether to buy, hold, or sell the underlying securities in the portfolio. These funds rely on
active stock selection and adopt various strategies and styles to manage investments. The
primary objective of active funds is to outperform the benchmark index and generate
superior returns (alpha) for investors. The risk and return associated with active funds
depend on the specific investment strategy employed, as outlined by the Association of
Mutual Funds in India (AMFI).
Q2 Flows in Active Equity Funds
In Q2 of FY’24, the mutual fund industry witnessed net inflows totaling approximately Rs
51,000 crore. Active equity funds led the way with net inflows of around Rs 74,000 crore,
reflecting strong investor interest. Notably, investors displayed a keen appetite for active
small-cap funds, accounting for about one-third of the Rs 33,000 crore net inflows during
the quarter.
Within the broader category of equity funds, active small-cap funds attracted a significant
share of net inflows, representing approximately one-fourth of the total. However,
focused and ELSS (equity-linked savings scheme) categories within active equity funds
experienced net outflows, totaling approximately Rs 2,000 crore.
The study also highlighted the growing popularity of active multi-cap funds, with two
NFOs (new fund offerings) gathering Rs 2,000 crore out of the approximately Rs 8,000
crore net inflows in Q2 FY’24. In contrast, active large-cap funds saw net outflows
amounting to Rs 1,800 crore.
Passive Funds: A Different Approach
Passive funds, including index funds and exchange-traded funds (ETFs), follow a strategy
that replicates a specified index or benchmark. In passive funds, the fund manager has a
passive role in stock selection, with buy, hold, or sell decisions driven by the benchmark
index. The aim is to closely mimic the index with minimal tracking error.
Inflows into Passive Equity Funds
During the July-September quarter, passive equity funds received net inflows of Rs 9,000
crore. Among passive funds, equity claimed the majority share, accounting for
approximately 78% of net inflows, while commodities secured an 18% share. Investors
demonstrated a preference for passive large-cap funds, with this category receiving
around 90% of all net inflows. Other passive categories, such as mid and small caps, also
attracted significant net inflows, considering their relatively smaller assets under
management (AUM).
Tailoring Investments to Your Goals
Investors have the choice between active and passive funds, each catering to different
investment objectives. Active funds are suitable for those seeking to leverage the
expertise of fund managers in generating alpha. Fund managers actively analyze market
forces and economic conditions to aim for better returns. Passive funds, on the other
hand, are ideal for investors who wish to align their investments precisely with market
indexes.
AI-Powered Robot Chemist Revolutionizes Mars Oxygen Production
Scientists have unveiled a groundbreaking AI-powered robot chemist capable of
synthesizing oxygen-producing compounds from Martian meteorites. This development
has significant implications for future Mars missions, offering the potential to optimize
resources and reduce the need for transporting oxygen from Earth, particularly for
crewed missions.
A Strategic Approach to Oxygen Production
Future missions to Mars, especially those involving human crews, necessitate a strategic
approach to oxygen production. Oxygen is not only vital for sustaining life but also
essential for fueling rockets. The key to addressing this challenge lies in leveraging the
abundant frozen water ice deposits on Mars, enabling efficient use of local resources.
AI Chemist Explores Water-Splitting Catalysts
Researchers employed an AI chemist equipped with a laser-scanning mechanism to
investigate water-splitting catalysts using samples from various Martian meteorites. This
AI-driven approach aimed to identify effective catalysts for producing oxygen.
Autonomous Speed and Efficiency
Operating autonomously, the AI chemist rapidly synthesized and tested 243 different
molecules derived from six metallic elements found in Martian meteorites: iron, nickel,
manganese, magnesium, aluminum, and calcium. In just six weeks, this AI-driven
experimentation achieved remarkable results, demonstrating a level of speed and
efficiency unattainable through conventional methods.
AI’s Impact on Scientific Discovery
This study highlights the transformative power of AI in scientific discovery. It surpasses
traditional trial-and-error methods, potentially saving human scientists up to 2,000 years
to achieve similar results. While celebrating AI’s capabilities, scientists emphasize the
importance of human guidance in shaping AI’s role.
Adapting to Martian Challenges
The next frontier for this AI chemist involves adapting it to operate effectively under
diverse Martian conditions. This includes considering temperature variations, atmospheric
composition, air density, humidity, and gravity, further enhancing its utility for future Mars
missions.
Toxoplasma Gondii and Frailty in Older Adults
Toxoplasma gondii, infamous for its association with cats, is now under investigation for
its potential role in increased frailty among older adults. With 11-15% of the US population
estimated to have encountered this parasite, a new study sheds light on previously
overlooked health implications related to T. gondii.
The Study on Frailty Indicators
A study involving 601 Spanish and Portuguese adults aged over 65 aimed to assess frailty
indicators such as unintentional weight loss, fatigue, and cognitive decline. Blood tests
were conducted to explore the potential connection between T. gondii infections and age-
related frailty.
Immune Response and Frailty
While the study did not establish a direct link between T. gondii infections and frailty, it
revealed that individuals with a robust immune response, marked by elevated antibodies,
exhibited signs of heightened frailty as they aged. Researchers explored the potential
relationship between T. gondii and “inflammaging,” the persistent inflammation
associated with age-related frailty.
Correlation Between Immune Reaction and Frailty
Individuals with an intensified immune response to the parasite displayed elevated levels
of inflammation biomarkers. Although causation is not confirmed, a correlation emerged
between an enhanced immune reaction to T. gondii and an increased likelihood of frailty
in later life.
Preventive Measures
Considering the rising infection rates with age and T. gondii’s ability to remain dormant
for decades, researchers emphasize the importance of taking precautions to prevent

infection. Transmission avenues include exposure to T. gondii eggs in cat litter or
contaminated water and the consumption of undercooked meat containing the parasite.
Practices such as keeping cats indoors and avoiding contact with stray cats are crucial for
prevention.
T. Gondii’s Multifaceted Impact
Beyond frailty, T. gondii has previously been linked to skeletal muscle damage and even
schizophrenia, highlighting the parasite’s multifaceted impact on health.
'Kill Switch' for Cancer Cells: A Breakthrough Discovery in Cancer Treatment
Scientists in California have made a significant breakthrough by discovering a ‘kill switch’
that triggers the death of cancer cells. The experts from UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer
Center in Sacramento have identified a protein on a receptor that can be engineered to
induce the death of cancer cells. These receptors, known as CD95 receptors or Fas
receptors, are often referred to as ‘death receptors’ and are located on cell membranes.
Activating Self-Destruction
When these receptors, specifically CD95 receptors or Fas receptors, are activated, they
release signals that prompt cancer cells to undergo self-destructive processes. This
discovery opens new possibilities for targeted cancer therapies.
CAR T-Cell Therapy
The therapy based on this discovery is termed CAR T-cell therapy. It involves extracting T
cells from the patient’s blood and genetically modifying them in a laboratory to produce
receptors known as chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). These modified cells are then
reintroduced into the patient’s bloodstream, where they can target and induce the death
of cancer cells.
Efficacy Against Blood Cancers
CAR T-cell therapy has shown promising efficacy against liquid cancers, including leukemia
and other blood-related cancers. However, its success against solid tumors, such as
breast, lung, and bowel cancers, has been limited.
Overcoming Challenges
While there are challenges in extending the therapy’s effectiveness to solid tumors, the
research team remains hopeful. Identifying the critical epitope for cytotoxic Fas signaling
and CAR T-cell bystander anti-tumor function represents a significant step forward.
Researchers are optimistic about evolving the therapy to target solid cancers like ovarian
cancer in the near future.
A Therapeutic Path Forward
Previously, efforts to target the Fas receptor have faced obstacles, but with the
identification of this epitope, there is potential for a therapeutic path to target Fas in
tumors. This breakthrough offers hope for more effective cancer treatments and
improved outcomes for patients.
China Proposes Additional Cybersecurity Checks for Auditors in National Security Matters
China’s finance ministry has introduced a proposal suggesting that auditors should
undergo or conduct extra cybersecurity checks, especially when their work involves
national security considerations.
Guidelines for Managing Data Related to Chinese Firms
The draft of these new measures, made public on Friday, also outlines how accounting
firms should handle and manage data related to Chinese companies.
Evolving Cybersecurity Policies
China’s cybersecurity authority has been steadily developing policies over the past two
years to dictate how all businesses, including auditors, should handle and implement
security assessments and checks.
Target Audience – Domestic and Cross-Border Auditors
These new measures specifically target auditors hired by domestic companies or those
involved in cross-border auditing work. The draft rules designate the chief partner of an
auditing firm as the individual responsible for data security.
Public Consultation Period
The draft is currently open for public consultation until December 11, providing an
opportunity for stakeholders and the public to share their views and feedback.
Silence from Global Auditing Giants
The world’s four largest auditing firms—PricewaterhouseCoopers, Deloitte, KPMG, and
EY—have not yet responded to requests for comments regarding these proposed
cybersecurity measures.
Growing Concerns on Data Security
Recent years have seen Chinese authorities increasing scrutiny of auditors due to
mounting concerns about data security. Regulations issued in May already mandated
state-owned companies and listed enterprises to strengthen checks on accountants’
ability to manage information security.
Limiting Western Auditor Influence
Beijing has taken steps to reduce the influence of Western auditors, with reports
suggesting that some state-owned firms were instructed to stop using the big four global
accounting firms.
Resolving U.S.-China Audit Disputes
Last year, the United States and China reached an agreement to settle a long-standing
dispute over auditing compliance for U.S.-listed Chinese firms. The deal involved
conducting audit inspections in Hong Kong, as China had reservations about granting full
access to U.S. regulators.
Dominica Creates World's First Marine Protected Area for Sperm Whales
The tiny Caribbean island of Dominica is making history by establishing the world’s first
marine protected area dedicated to safeguarding the endangered sperm whale. This
groundbreaking initiative aims to protect these magnificent creatures while also
contributing to the fight against climate change.
Protecting the Endangered Sperm Whale
Dominica’s government recently announced its plan to designate nearly 300 square miles
(800 square kilometers) of pristine royal blue waters on the island’s western side as a
marine reserve. These waters serve as crucial nursing and feeding grounds for sperm
whales, and this reserve will play a vital role in ensuring their safety.
Sperm Whales and Climate Change
One of the remarkable aspects of sperm whales is their defecation habits. They release
nutrient-rich feces near the ocean’s surface after diving to depths of up to 10,000 feet
(3,000 meters). This unique behavior leads to the creation of plankton blooms that capture
carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and transport it to the ocean floor when the
plankton dies. Sperm whales in Dominica are known to defecate more than their
counterparts in other regions, making them unintentional climate warriors.
The Mystery of Dominica’s Sperm Whales
The exact reasons behind sperm whales defecating more frequently in Dominica remain a
mystery. It could be due to increased consumption of food or specific dietary choices, such
as squid varieties. Regardless of the cause, these whales are making a significant
contribution to mitigating climate change.
A Matrilineal Society at Risk
Dominica is home to fewer than 500 sperm whales, part of a population that primarily
inhabits the Lesser Antilles chain, from St. Vincent in the south to Guadeloupe in the
north. Unlike sperm whales in other regions, those in the eastern Caribbean tend to stay
closer to their home territory. Given their matrilineal society and slow reproduction rate,
protecting these whales is crucial for their survival. A single calf can be the future of an
entire family, and sperm whales produce offspring every five to seven years.
Challenges Facing Sperm Whales
Sperm whales around Dominica face numerous threats, including ship strikes,
entanglement in fishing gear, and pollution from agricultural runoff. This population has
faced dramatic declines since the days when 2 million sperm whales roamed the Earth’s
oceans, hunted for their oil. Today, only around 800,000 of these magnificent creatures
remain.
Dominica’s Commitment to Conservation
The government of Dominica is committed to establishing a sustainable marine reserve
that allows for artisanal fishing while also creating an international shipping lane to
reduce the risk of ship-related incidents. This initiative demonstrates the government’s
dedication to protecting these remarkable creatures and their vital habitat. In addition,
the reserve will have designated officers and observers to ensure that regulations for
whale tourism are enforced. Visitors will still have the opportunity to swim with sperm
whales and observe them from boats, albeit in limited numbers.
Global Recognition
The creation of Dominica’s marine protected area for sperm whales has garnered praise
from scientists and conservationists worldwide. Enric Sala, an explorer-in-residence at
National Geographic, commended Dominica for recognizing the importance of preserving
these whales as part of their natural heritage.
A Unique Community
Approximately 35 families of sperm whales spend most of their time in the waters
surrounding Dominica. Some of these whales are estimated to be over 60 years old, and
they communicate through clicking sounds known as codas. Dominica’s commitment to
protecting this unique community of whales is a testament to their dedication to
environmental conservation.
US Supreme Court Introduces Ethics Code Amid Controversy and Pressure
The US Supreme Court has taken a significant step by releasing its first-ever code of
conduct, aiming to address mounting criticism and concerns surrounding ethics scandals
involving some of its senior rightwing justices. This 14-page document outlines the “rules
and principles that guide the conduct of members of the court” and seeks to set a
framework for ethical behavior. However, reactions to the newly published code have
been mixed, with experts highlighting its lack of enforcement mechanisms.
Addressing Ethical Concerns
For months, the US Supreme Court has faced sharp criticism for not applying basic ethical
rules that apply to all other judges in the country. The release of this code comes amid
growing disquiet over the court’s ethical standards and the failure of the justices to self-
regulate.
Key Principles of the Code
The newly published code is signed by all nine justices and lays out fundamental
guidelines for their behavior. It emphasizes the importance of avoiding impropriety and
the appearance of impropriety in all activities. Additionally, the code addresses the issue
of “Outside Influence,” stating that justices should not knowingly convey or allow others
to convey the impression that they can be influenced by special interests.
Enforcement Challenges
While the code is designed to address concerns over the court’s ethical standards, it lacks
a clear mechanism for enforcement. Critics argue that without effective oversight, the
justices may simply police themselves, raising doubts about its effectiveness.
Mixed Reactions
Reactions to the code have been mixed. Some advocacy groups view it as a step in the
right direction but emphasize the need for robust enforcement mechanisms to ensure
compliance. Critics have called it a “PR stunt” without meaningful consequences.
Questions remain about the process for filing complaints against justices, fact-finding
procedures, and whether the public will receive reports on the outcomes of investigations.
Notable Ethical Controversies
The Supreme Court’s ethics troubles came to the forefront when ProPublica published
reports in April highlighting ethical concerns involving Justices Clarence Thomas and
Samuel Alito. Thomas faced scrutiny for accepting lavish international trips from a
Republican mega-donor, while Alito was criticized for using a private jet owned by a
billionaire on a fishing holiday. The controversy has sparked a broader debate about the
court’s ethical standards.
Recusal and Political Activity
The code includes provisions specifying when justices should recuse themselves from
cases, particularly when their spouses have interests that could be substantially affected
by the outcome. It also prohibits justices from speaking at events associated with political
parties or participating in fundraising events.
Controversy Surrounds New Methane Emissions Metric GWP*
Some of the world’s major meat and dairy companies have adopted a new metric called
GWP* (pronounced as GWP star) to measure methane emissions, claiming it offers a more
accurate assessment of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, a recent report titled
“Seeing Stars” argues that GWP* can be manipulated to downplay emissions and falsely
claim climate neutrality.
Understanding GWP* vs. GWP100
Under the 2015 Paris Agreement, the established metric for measuring the global
warming potential of gases over a 100-year period is GWP100. This metric focuses on the
absolute levels of emissions and compares the warming effect of non-carbon dioxide
(CO2) GHGs to an equal amount of CO2. In contrast, GWP* evaluates changes in
emissions over decadal timescales rather than absolute levels.
The Manipulative Potential of GWP*
The “Seeing Stars” report, authored by Nicholas D Carter and Nusa Urbancic, highlights
how GWP* can be used by high-polluting countries and companies to manipulate
emissions data. By setting parameters that alter the baseline year for methane emissions,
even minor reductions can be presented as negative emissions or cooling. This can lead to
a lack of action in cutting methane emissions.
Case Studies
The report examined emissions reductions for Tyson, a major meat processor, and
Fonterra, the largest dairy exporter, using both GWP100 and GWP* metrics. It found that
these companies could claim climate neutrality with minimal annual emissions reductions
(1.4% and 1.7%, respectively) when using GWP*. This allows them to significantly reduce
their reported emissions.
The Impact on Countries
The report also looked at New Zealand, where half of emissions come from agriculture,
primarily methane. With a modest 10% reduction in methane emissions, the country could
report negative methane emissions using GWP* by 2038.
Industry Lobbying
The researchers discovered evidence of agricultural lobbies pushing for GWP* adoption in
various regions, including New Zealand, Ireland, and the United States. Industry groups in
the UK and New Zealand jointly urged the IPCC to adopt GWP* for assessing warming
impacts in 2020. Ireland’s Department of Agriculture expressed interest in GWP* due to
concerns about meeting ambitious emission reduction targets.
Contentions Surrounding GWP*
GWP* has drawn criticism at a global policy level because it can reward historically high-
emitting countries and companies for minor emissions reductions from a high baseline.
Conversely, it may penalize countries with historically low methane emissions for small
increases. The debate centers on whether GWP* accurately represents the climate impact
of methane emissions.
Development of GWP*
GWP* was developed in 2016 by Oxford University researchers and introduced at the 24th
Conference of Parties (COP24) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change in 2018. It was proposed as a more accurate system for reporting national
methane emissions at the international level.
Maharashtra's Climate-Resilient Agriculture Project Faces Funding Disparities and Sustainability
Concerns
Since 2018, Maharashtra has initiated a pioneering project known as the Project on
Climate Resilient Agriculture (pocra), aimed at helping farmers transition to climate
change-resilient practices. This ambitious endeavor, implemented in 16 out of the state’s
36 districts, is touted as the country’s largest climate-resilient agriculture initiative.
However, data reveals that a significant portion of the project’s funds has been channeled
into specific districts and types of interventions, raising concerns about equity and
sustainability.
Project Overview
Pocra was launched with a budget of Rs 4,000 crore, featuring a substantial World Bank
loan of 70% and a 30% contribution from the state government. The project operates on a
direct benefit transfer (DBT) model, allowing farmers, communities, farmer producer
organizations (FPOs/FPCs), and self-help groups (SHGs) to register on the official website
and apply for funding for 25 designated interventions, including drip irrigation, warehouse
construction, seed production, and agricultural mechanization.
Funding Disparities
One key issue arising from pocra is the unequal distribution of funds among districts.
Over 60% of the project funds have been directed to just three of the 16 districts:
Aurangabad (26.1%), Jalna (18.8%), and Jalgaon (15.6%). This concentration of funds
means that a limited number of farmers in specific districts benefit while the agrarian
crisis affects the entire state. Additionally, some vulnerable districts have been omitted
from the project.
Selection Criteria
The criteria used for selecting districts under pocra have raised questions, as they do not
align with vulnerability assessments to climate change. For instance, some districts with
high vulnerability have not been included, while politically motivated decisions have
influenced district selection. Critics argue that these decisions may not effectively address
the needs of climate-vulnerable regions.
Interventions and Farmer Benefits
While the farmers who have received assistance under pocra have reported benefits,
concerns persist about the sustainability and scalability of the promoted practices. Some
interventions, such as shade-net houses and zero-tillage, raise ecological and

sustainability concerns. Shade-net houses have a limited lifespan and can negatively
impact soil productivity over time. Zero-tillage, while reducing plowing, relies on weedicide
usage, potentially harming the environment and increasing crop disease prevalence.
Future Phases
As the first phase of pocra nears completion, plans for the next phase are underway. The
government has provisionally approved a second phase with a budget of Rs 6,000 crore,
extending coverage to five additional districts. However, concerns about the project’s
equitable distribution and sustainability must be addressed to ensure its effectiveness in
promoting climate-resilient agriculture.
Hyderabad's Sadar Festival: A Carnival Celebrating Buffalo Cattle
Hyderabad is gearing up for the annual Sadar festival, a lively celebration centered around
buffalo cattle, held every year on the second day after Diwali. This vibrant festival is a
cherished tradition of the Yadav community and is also known as Dunnapothula Panduga.
It serves as a significant occasion for community bonding and merriment in villages and
towns.
The Significance of Sadar Festival
For the Yadav community, the Sadar festival holds great importance and is considered
their oldest and most revered celebration. While variations of this festival are celebrated
across India with different names, such as Jallikattu in Tamil Nadu, Sadar Sammelan in
Telangana stands out as the biggest festival for the Yadav community.
The festival’s origins are rooted in ancient tales, particularly one from Dwapar Yug, where
God Shri Krishna lifted a mountain on his finger to save people. This legendary event is
commemorated during the Sadar festival, serving as a testament to the community’s deep
cultural and religious ties.
Historical Roots
Organized by the Yadav community, the Sadar festival traces its beginnings back to 1942.
Over the years, it has grown into a grand celebration that draws participants of all
religions, transcending caste and creed boundaries. The festival is especially popular
among the youth, who actively participate in the festivities.
Post-Diwali Air Quality Worsens in Indian Cities, Delhi Tops the List
The aftermath of Diwali has witnessed deteriorating air quality in nine out of eleven Indian
cities compared to the previous year, with Delhi ranking at the highest level of pollution,
according to data from the National Clean Air Campaign (NCAP) Tracker. While unseasonal
rains before Diwali temporarily improved air quality in major cities like Delhi, Mumbai, and
Chennai, the Supreme Court’s firecracker ban violations led to a spike in air pollution on
November 12, reaching hazardous levels in various areas.
Delhi’s ‘severe’ air quality
Delhi, in particular, experienced a significant decline in air quality, with a ‘severe’ category
air quality index (AQI) recorded in most areas. As residents flouted the Supreme Court’s
firecracker ban, the city woke up to toxic haze two days after Diwali. The AQI for various
locations in Delhi ranged from 402 to 434, indicating severe pollution levels.
NCAP Tracker Analysis
The NCAP Tracker conducted an analysis of PM 2.5 (fine particulate matter) data for 11
capital cities, including Bengaluru, Bhopal, Chandigarh, Chennai, Delhi, Gandhinagar,
Hyderabad, Lucknow, Mumbai, and Patna, for the day before Diwali, Diwali day, and the
day after Diwali in both 2022 and 2023. Data was sourced from the Central Pollution
Control Board’s Continuous Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations (CAAQMS).
About NCAP Tracker
The National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) Tracker examines air quality data from
government-run monitoring stations and evaluates the program’s progress toward
achieving the 2024 national clean air targets. The NCAP, launched in 2019, is India’s
flagship program aimed at improving air quality in cities with non-attainment status. It
focuses on a range of measures to prevent, control, and reduce air pollution, including
expanding the air quality monitoring network and enhancing awareness and capacity-
building efforts.
Researchers Discover Two New Species of Seer Fish in Indian Waters
Researchers at the ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI) have made a
significant discovery by identifying two new species of seer fish. Led by principal scientist E
M Abdussamad, the team of taxonomists unveiled the Arabian sparrow seer fish
(Scomberomorus avirostrus), a previously unknown species, and resurrected Russell’s
spotted seer fish (Scomberomorus leopardus). These findings have expanded the number
of top-demanding seer fish species in Indian waters from four to six, enhancing our
understanding of marine biodiversity.
Detailed Taxonomic Study
The discovery was the result of a comprehensive taxonomic study focused on the spotted
seer fish species found along the Indian coast. It revealed that the spotted seer fish
(Scomberomorus guttatus), once considered a single species, is actually a complex
comprising three distinct species. These newly identified seer fish species, in addition to
the existing spotted seer fish, exhibit unique characteristics and distribution patterns.
Arabian Sparrow Seer Fish
The Arabian sparrow seer fish earned its common name due to its distinctive bird-beak-
like snout. This entirely new species has been found along the Arabian Sea coast, from
north of Mangalore to the Arabian Gulf. Its smaller size, delectable flavor, and high market
value make it a prized catch among fishermen.
Rich Marine Biodiversity
These discoveries not only contribute to our understanding of marine biodiversity but also
hold the potential to benefit India’s fisheries sector. The research sheds light on the
diverse marine life thriving along the Indian coast, emphasizing the importance of
conservation efforts and sustainable fishing practices.
New Gecko Species Discovered in Mizoram
Researchers have recently identified a new species of gecko in India, specifically in the
town of Vairengte in Mizoram. Named ‘Cyrtodactylus vairengtensis’ after its place of

discovery, this gecko species is characterized by distinct features, particularly the number
of femoral pores, setting it apart from other members of the Cyrtodactylus family. The
common name proposed for this newfound species is the ‘Vairengte bent-toed gecko.’
Key Findings
1. Species Diversity: With a global count of 335 gecko species, India is home to 42 of
them, showcasing its rich biodiversity.
2. Discovery Location: The new species was found in proximity to human habitation in
Vairengte, located in the Kolasib district of Mizoram.
3. Specimens Studied: A total of six specimens, consisting of three males and three
females, were collected in June the previous year for detailed study.
4. Morphological Features: The Vairengte bent-toed gecko is considered a moderate-
sized gecko, with adult individuals measuring between 57.6mm and 73.6mm.
5. Unique Feature: One of the distinctive features of this new species is the number of
femoral pores found on the underside of the hind legs. These femoral pores secrete
a mixture of lipids and proteins, likely used for attracting mates and marking
territories.
6. Precloacal Pores: The researchers identified 9-11 precloacal (femoral) pores in
males and 5-9 precloacal pits in females among the collected specimens.
Conservation Status
Due to the limited available information about this newly discovered gecko species,
including its distribution range, food preferences, breeding behavior, population status,
and potential threats, the researchers suggest categorizing it as ‘data deficient’ by the
International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Further extensive surveys are
recommended to gather additional data and support knowledge-based conservation
strategies for this little-known gecko species.
November 16, 2023
WHO's 2023 Roadmap to End Maternal Tuberculosis
In its revised 2023 roadmap to combat tuberculosis (TB) among children and adolescents,
the World Health Organization (WHO) emphasizes the importance of periodic
assessments to estimate the burden of maternal TB and develop targeted interventions.
Key Points of the Roadmap
1. Data Gap in Maternal TB: The WHO highlights that data on pregnant and post-
partum women affected by TB are not collected and reported as part of routine
surveillance by national TB programs. Consequently, the burden and characteristics
of TB in this vulnerable population and their infants remain largely unknown.
2. Safety Studies for New TB Drugs and Vaccines: The WHO stresses the need to
include maternal, pregnancy, birth, and infant outcomes in dedicated safety studies
for all new TB drugs and vaccines. This step is crucial before the completion of phase
III trials to facilitate their inclusion in regulatory submissions.
3. Operational Research and Data Collection: Rigorous operational research and
data collection in global registries will enable the systematic and rapid detection of
uncommon adverse maternal, pregnancy, and birth outcomes, including birth
defects.
4. Commitments and Targets: At the second United Nations High-Level Meeting on
the fight against TB in September 2023, commitments were redefined with a 2027
timeline. Key targets include diagnosing and treating 90% of people living with TB,
providing preventive treatment to those at high risk, and treating children and
adolescents with TB.
5. Roadmap Update: The 2023 roadmap is an update to the 2013 and 2018 goals
outlined. The previous target to provide treatment to 3.5 million children and young
adolescents was not achieved, with only 71% of the target met.
6. Gaps in Access to Treatment: Between 2018 and 2022, only 19% of the target to
provide treatment for 115,000 children and young adolescents with multidrug-
resistant TB (MDR-TB) and rifampicin-resistant TB (RR-TB) was met, leaving four in
five affected children without access to treatment.
7. TB Deaths in Children: The report highlights that of the 1.3 million TB deaths in
2022, 214,000 were children aged 14 and below. Shockingly, 96% of these deaths
occurred in children who did not access TB treatment.
8. Key Priorities: The roadmap includes ten key priorities for action, including
increasing funding for TB prevention and care for children and adolescents,
implementing social protection programs, strengthening advocacy efforts,
improving data collection, and supporting TB research and innovation focused on
children, adolescents, pregnant, and postpartum women.
Lancet Countdown Report Warns of Dire Consequences of Climate Crisis on Global Health
The climate crisis has reached a critical juncture, taking center stage on the global agenda
and threatening to undo decades of progress in public health. The 8th annual report of
the Lancet Countdown on Health and Climate Change, released recently, has illuminated
the troubling convergence of factors that pose a grave risk to individuals, public health,
and healthcare systems worldwide.
Climate Crisis Impacts Unveiled
The climate crisis unfolds through multiple channels, exacerbating food insecurity,
spreading climate-sensitive diseases, and intensifying extreme weather events. This
alarming synergy is straining the world’s healthcare systems as never before, demanding
swift and comprehensive action.
Health Impact Surge
The Lancet Countdown Report exposes the escalating health impacts of climate change
across the globe, exacting a devastating toll on lives and livelihoods. Vulnerable
populations, such as adults over 65 and infants under one year old, are particularly
affected by a doubling of annual heatwave days compared to 1986-2005. More frequent
and severe extreme weather events endanger water security and food production,
pushing millions into the specter of malnutrition. In 2021 alone, 127 million additional
people in 122 countries experienced moderate to severe food insecurity due to increased
heatwaves and droughts.
Spread of Life-Threatening Diseases
Climate change is hastening the spread of life-threatening infectious diseases. Warmer
seas have expanded the habitat for Vibrio bacteria, putting a staggering 1.4 billion people
at risk of illnesses like diarrhoea, severe wound infections, and sepsis. Europe faces an
elevated threat, with coastal waters suitable for Vibrio bacteria expanding by 142km
annually. These climate-induced risks are exacerbating global health inequities, straining
healthcare systems, and causing 27% of surveyed cities to fear their health systems will be
overwhelmed by climate change impacts.
A Wake-Up Call
The urgency of today’s health threats is a sobering reminder of looming dangers. The
world is currently heading in the wrong direction, relying on fossil fuels and leaving
vulnerable communities behind in the transition to sustainable energy sources.
Paris Agreement: A Vital Imperative
Implementing the Paris Agreement is not only an environmental necessity but a crucial
public health imperative. Failure to take meaningful action to achieve the Agreement’s
1.5°C goal will result in dire consequences for humanity and public health. More children
will suffer from malnutrition, disease outbreaks will become more frequent and
widespread, and respiratory diseases will continue to claim lives. The choice is clear:
decisive action is needed now.
A Holistic Health-Centered Approach
Addressing the climate crisis requires a comprehensive, health-focused strategy. Health-
centric climate action has the potential to save millions of lives annually while promoting
health equity. At its core, this approach upholds the human right to health, intricately
linked with the right to a clean, healthy, and sustainable environment.
Call to Action
The Lancet Countdown Report underscores the urgent need for action. Governments
must lead the way by swiftly phasing out fossil fuels and transitioning to clean, renewable
energy sources. Such a transition will not only mitigate climate change but also improve
air quality for 99% of the global population, reducing the adverse effects of air pollution.
UN Sounds Alarm as Greenhouse Gas Concentrations Reach New Highs
Greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere soared to unprecedented levels in
2022, and the United Nations has issued a stark warning that this worrisome trend shows
no signs of slowing down.
Breaking Records
According to the UN’s World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the three primary
greenhouse gases responsible for climate warming—carbon dioxide, methane, and
nitrous oxide—all reached record-breaking levels last year. This alarming development,
highlighted in the WMO’s 19th annual Greenhouse Gas Bulletin, is expected to lead to
more extreme temperatures, increasingly severe weather events, and rising sea levels.
A Troubling Reality
Despite decades of scientific warnings, extensive reports, and numerous climate
conferences, the world appears to be moving in the wrong direction, as expressed by
WMO chief Petteri Taalas.
COP28 Climate Summit Looms
The release of the Greenhouse Gas Bulletin is particularly timely, as it precedes the COP28
UN climate summit scheduled from November 30 to December 12 in Dubai. This summit
holds significant importance as it follows the 2015 Paris Agreement, where countries
committed to limiting global warming to “well below” two degrees Celsius above pre-
industrial levels, with an even more ambitious goal of restricting it to 1.5 degrees Celsius if
possible.
European Union Agrees to Cut Methane Emissions in Energy Sector
The European Union (EU) has taken a significant stride in the fight against methane
emissions, as it reaches an agreement on new regulations designed to reduce this potent
greenhouse gas’s production within the energy sector. The agreement seeks to monitor
and minimize methane emissions, which are estimated to contribute to one-third of
current global warming.
Stringent Requirements for Energy Companies
Under these new rules, companies involved in oil, gas, and coal production will be obliged
to measure, report, and verify their methane emissions. Additionally, they must
implement measures to prevent emissions. The implementation will be gradual, with
operators required to submit emission reports within specified timeframes once the
regulations come into force.
Targeting Methane Leaks and Unintended Emissions
The regulations also focus on identifying and addressing sources of methane leaks and
other unintentional emissions. Furthermore, measures will ensure that sealed or inactive
wells do not contribute to the problem. Regulatory authorities will conduct regular checks
to ensure compliance.
Imported Fossil Fuels Included
The new regulations also encompass the importation of fossil fuels into the EU. Exporting
countries will need to adhere to monitoring, reporting, and verification measures by
January 1, 2027, and comply with maximum methane intensity values by 2030.
A Vital Component of the European Green Deal
Curbing methane emissions is a pivotal aspect of the legislative package designed to
implement the European Green Deal, a comprehensive plan aimed at achieving climate
neutrality by 2050. A climate-neutral economy seeks to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas
emissions.
Energy Sector’s Significant Contribution
According to the International Energy Agency, the energy sector, encompassing oil, gas,
and coal production, is a major source of methane emissions, whether intentional or
accidental. It is estimated that nearly 40% of human-caused methane emissions are
attributed to the energy sector, making it the second-largest contributor after agriculture.
What is MMRV Working Group?
The United States, along with over a dozen countries and organizations, has established a
working group aimed at advancing efforts to measure greenhouse gas emissions
throughout the natural gas supply chain. This collaborative initiative seeks to reduce
global emissions of pollutants linked to climate change, as announced by the Energy
Department.
The Mission of the MMRV Working Group
The MMRV Working Group’s primary objective is to enhance the measurement,
monitoring, reporting, and verification (MMRV) of emissions, including methane, carbon
dioxide, and other greenhouse gases. It intends to apply these practices to the entirety of
the natural gas supply chain, encompassing production, processing, transportation,
liquefaction, and distribution of natural gas.
Participating Countries and Groups
The coalition consists of several countries and organizations committed to tackling
emissions and mitigating climate change. Participants include Australia, Brazil, Canada,
Colombia, the East Mediterranean Gas Forum, the European Commission, France,
Germany, Italy, Japan, Mozambique, Norway, South Korea, the United Kingdom, and the
United States.
A Global Framework for Accountability
It is critical to establish a globally recognized framework for measuring and reporting
emissions reductions by gas producers and exporters. The goal is to garner support from
both importing and exporting countries, as well as industry stakeholders, to ensure the
credibility and effectiveness of such efforts.
The Role of the United States
The United States holds a significant position in the global gas export market. In the first
half of the year, the U.S. was the world’s leading exporter of liquefied natural gas (LNG).
This underscores the importance of the U.S. actively participating in initiatives to reduce
emissions associated with natural gas production and transportation.
Certified Gas and Environmental Controversy
Some gas producers are taking steps to reduce their environmental impact, marketing
“certified gas” that claims to have lower emissions due to actions like leak prevention and
carbon offset purchases. However, such certified gas often commands a premium price,
leading to criticism from environmentalists and others who view it as an attempt to
“greenwash” fossil fuels.
European Union’s Methane Emissions Limits
The formation of the MMRV Working Group coincides with the European Union’s decision
to impose methane emissions limits on oil and gas imports beginning in 2030. This move
puts pressure on international fossil fuel suppliers, including the United States, to address
methane leaks, a potent contributor to global warming.
Indian Green Building Council Introduces 'Nest' Initiative for Sustainable Housing
In a move to promote sustainable and environmentally friendly construction practices in
the domestic housing sector, the Indian Green Building Council (IGBC), a part of the
Confederation of Indian Industry, has launched a new rating and certification initiative
called ‘Nest.’
Unveiling the Initiative
Ajit Kumar Chordia, Chairman of the IGBC Chennai chapter, unveiled the eco-friendly
rating and certification initiative ‘Nest’ during the announcement of the annual
conference. The conference is scheduled to take place at the Chennai Trade Centre,
Nandambakkam, from November 23 to 25.
Promoting Sustainability
The annual IGBC Green Building Congress 2023, which is returning to Chennai after a
decade, would serve as a platform for stakeholders in the construction industry to
collaborate in creating a sustainable building environment aimed at achieving net-zero
carbon emissions.
Green Building Success
The success of the green building rating and certification programs, covering 31
categories ranging from commercial spaces, factories, railway stations, special economic
zones (SEZs), and schools, was highlighted during the event. These programs have
collectively resulted in green buildings encompassing a total area of 10.42 billion square
feet across over 11,586 projects. Notable green concept buildings in the city include the
Dr. MGR Chennai Central railway station, the Indian Institute of Technology Madras
campus, and Ramakrishna Mission School.
Benefits of ‘Nest’ Initiative
‘Nest’ would encourage individual homeowners and the residential sector to embrace
green building features, leading to reduced electricity consumption, lower water usage,
and the creation of healthier living spaces.
State and Global Partners
The Tamil Nadu government will be the partner state for the Green Building Congress
2023, while the World Green Building Council will support this significant initiative focused
on sustainable and eco-friendly construction practices in India.
First Unit of 30 MW at Naitwar Mori Hydro Electric Project Begins Power Supply
State-run power producer SJVN has achieved a significant milestone as the first unit of the
30 MW capacity at the Naitwar Mori Hydro Electric Project (NMHEP) commenced supplying
power to the national electricity grid. This development marks a crucial step in enhancing
the region’s power infrastructure.
Project Location and Inception
The Naitwar Mori Hydro Electric Project is strategically located on the River Tons, a major
tributary of the Yamuna, situated in the picturesque Uttarkashi district of Uttarakhand.
The project’s foundation stone was laid in 2018 by Union Power Minister R K Singh and
former Chief Minister of Uttarakhand Trivender Singh Rawat.
Project Overview
This project is designed as a run-of-the-river project, featuring two generating units, each
with a capacity of 30 MW. The second unit is expected to be synchronized with the grid
later this month.
Power Generation and Impact
Once fully operational, the Naitwar Mori Hydro Electric Project is anticipated to generate
an impressive 265.5 million units of electricity annually. This substantial power generation
will significantly contribute to meeting the growing energy demands of the region and the
nation as a whole.
Infrastructure Development
To ensure efficient power evacuation from the Naitwar Mori HEP, SJVN has constructed a
37-kilometer-long 220 KV transmission line, extending from Bainol to Snail. This critical
infrastructure will play a vital role in transmitting the generated power to consumers.
Local Benefits and Social Responsibility
In a move to benefit the state of Uttarakhand, once the project is commissioned, 12
percent of the generated electricity will be supplied to the region as royalty. Additionally,
families affected by the project will receive compensation equivalent to the cost of 100
units of electricity per month for a period of 10 years.
Embracing Corporate Social Responsibility, SJVN has undertaken various initiatives to
uplift the local community. These include the provision of a Satluj Sanjeevani Mobile
Health Van, skill development training programs, the promotion of sports and cultural
heritage, and crucial infrastructure development. These activities are designed to bring
tangible benefits to the local populace, fostering a sense of social responsibility and
community development.
NISAR Mission Advances with Key Testing Milestones
he NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) mission, a collaborative effort between
NASA and ISRO, is making significant progress as it prepares for its scheduled launch in
the first quarter of 2024. Scientists and engineers working on the mission have
successfully completed critical tests, including thermal vacuum testing, bringing them one
step closer to their mission goals.
Crucial Thermal Vacuum Testing Completed in Bengaluru
One of the key milestones recently achieved is the completion of thermal vacuum testing
in Bengaluru. Phil Barela, NASA NISAR project manager from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory
(JPL), expressed his satisfaction with this accomplishment. Thermal vacuum testing is a
crucial step to ensure that the spacecraft can withstand the extreme temperature
variations it will encounter in space. This successful test marks a significant achievement
for the NISAR team.
Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) and Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Testing Concluded
In addition to thermal vacuum testing, the NISAR mission has also successfully completed
Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) and Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) testing.
These tests ensure that the spacecraft’s electronic systems can operate without
interference and remain compatible with each other during the mission.
Upcoming Vibration Tests
The next critical phase in the mission’s testing process will involve vibration tests. These
tests aim to simulate the harsh conditions the spacecraft will experience during its launch.
Placing an entire satellite on a shaker cable and subjecting it to simulated launch
vibrations is a challenging but necessary step to ensure the spacecraft’s resilience.
Overview of NISAR Mission
NISAR, a Low Earth Orbit observatory jointly developed by NASA and ISRO, is set to launch
from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota aboard ISRO’s GSLV Mark-II launch
vehicle. Once operational, NISAR will play a vital role in monitoring a wide range of
changes on Earth’s surface in unprecedented detail.
Key Mission Objectives and Applications
The NISAR mission is designed to provide valuable data for various applications, including:
1. Volcanic Eruption Monitoring: NISAR will help researchers detect warning signs of
imminent volcanic eruptions, contributing to early warning systems and improved
safety measures.
2. Groundwater Use and Land Subsidence: The mission will monitor the effects of
groundwater use, including land subsidence, helping to manage vital water
resources more effectively.
3. Ice Sheet Melt Rate: NISAR will track the rate of ice sheet melt, providing critical
information related to sea level rise and its impacts.
4. Vegetation Distribution: The mission will observe shifts in the distribution of
vegetation across the planet, aiding in environmental and ecological research.
Mission Details
With a budget of $1.5 billion, NISAR has a mission life of three years. The satellite will
survey all of Earth’s land and ice-covered surfaces every 12 days, following a 90-day
satellite commissioning period.
Advanced Radar Technology
NISAR features a dual-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) operating with the Sweep SAR
technique to capture large swaths of high-resolution data. The SAR payloads, part of the
Integrated Radar Instrument Structure (IRIS), are a critical component of the observatory.
Collaborative Efforts
NASA’s JPL is responsible for providing the mission’s L-band SAR and various other
components, including radar reflector antennas, deployable booms, communication
subsystems, GPS receivers, solid-state recorders, and payload data subsystems. ISRO’s U R
Rao Satellite Centre in Bengaluru is contributing the spacecraft bus, S-band SAR
electronics, the launch vehicle, launch services, and satellite mission operations.
UK Government's Asylum Plan for Rwanda Ruled Unlawful by Supreme Court
The UK government’s controversial asylum plan to send asylum seekers to Rwanda has
been deemed unlawful by the Supreme Court. Despite this ruling, Prime Minister Rishi
Sunak remains determined to push forward with the policy, which was designed to deter
people from arriving in the UK through illegal means. Here is an overview of the key
details surrounding this contentious issue:
The Rwanda Asylum Plan
In April 2022, the UK government announced a five-year trial of a plan that would involve
sending some asylum seekers to Rwanda to claim asylum there. Under this plan,
individuals could be granted refugee status in Rwanda or apply to settle on other grounds.
Additionally, they could seek asylum in another “safe third country.” The government
stated that anyone entering the UK illegally after January 1, 2022, could be sent to Rwanda,
with no limit on numbers.
Rationale for the Plan
The government’s primary objective was to deter individuals from using illegal and
dangerous methods, such as small boat crossings across the English Channel, to enter the
UK. In 2022, a record-breaking 45,700 people used this route to reach the UK. Prime
Minister Rishi Sunak had identified “stopping the boats” as a top priority in January.
Supreme Court’s Verdict
The Supreme Court found that there had not been a proper assessment of whether
Rwanda was a safe country for asylum seekers. The Court expressed concerns that
genuine refugees sent to Rwanda could be at risk of being returned to their home
countries, where they might face persecution, violating UK and international human rights
laws. This violation is known as “refoulement” and is prohibited by the European
Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), to which the UK is a signatory.
The judges also noted that the policy breached safeguards in three British laws passed by
Parliament over the past 30 years. They cited Rwanda’s poor human rights record and its
past treatment of refugees as factors contributing to their decision.
Government’s Response
Despite the Supreme Court’s ruling, Prime Minister Rishi Sunak reiterated his commitment
to the policy. He announced negotiations for a new treaty with Rwanda to protect against
refoulement and suggested that the government might change the law to proceed with
the plan. Immigration Minister Robert Jenrick emphasized the importance of flights to
Rwanda starting in the spring.
However, legal experts have raised questions about how emergency legislation could
declare Rwanda a safe country and whether such a move would breach international law
obligations.
Rwanda’s Location and Political Context
Rwanda is a small land-locked country in east-central Africa, located approximately 4,000
miles (6,500 kilometers) southeast of the UK. It shares borders with Burundi, the
Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Tanzania, and Uganda. President Paul Kagame,
who has been in power for nearly three decades, is seeking a fourth term in 2024. Critics
have accused his government of suppressing political opponents, and human rights
organizations have highlighted the dangers of opposing the government in Rwanda.
Financial Considerations
The UK government has not provided a total cost for the asylum plan. The plan’s financial
aspect involves the difference between the total cost of removing an individual (estimated
at £169,000) and the £106,000 spent on housing support if the individual remains in the
UK. The latter figure includes a payment of around £105,000 to the third country and
£22,000 for flights per person.
The Home Office argued that no cost would be incurred if the policy prevented individuals
from entering the UK illegally. Nevertheless, critics contend that the high daily cost of the
UK’s asylum system is due to lengthy application processing times and restrictions on
asylum seekers’ ability to work while awaiting confirmation of their status.
Indian Navy's Diplomatic Mission in West Africa and the Atlantic
As part of the Indian Navy’s strategic mission-based deployment to West Africa and the
Atlantic, INS Sumedha made a significant port call at Walvis Bay, Namibia, from November
10-13, 2023. This diplomatic initiative underscores India’s commitment to enhancing
maritime security, strengthening ties with Namibia, and showing solidarity with its allies in
the region.
Building Diplomatic Relations
During the visit, the Commanding Officer of INS Sumedha engaged in courtesy calls with
prominent Namibian dignitaries and senior defense officers. These interactions facilitated
professional exchanges, cross-deck visits, and social engagements with the Namibian
Navy, with the aim of sharing best practices and reinforcing collaborative efforts.
Historical Ties and Bilateral Relations
India and Namibia share a history of warm bilateral relations built on common values such
as democracy, development, and secularism. Over the years, the two nations have
solidified their ties through various bilateral arrangements for cooperation and military
exchanges. India has also extended training opportunities to numerous Namibian military
officers in its institutions, further strengthening their defense collaboration.
Strengthening International Cooperation
This current mission aligns with the Indian Navy’s broader strategy of building ‘Bridges of
Friendship’ and enhancing international cooperation. The visit not only emphasizes
India’s commitment to supporting friendly nations but also aims to reinforce the existing
bonds of friendship with Namibia.
INS Sumedha: A Versatile Naval Asset
INS Sumedha, the third indigenously developed Naval Offshore Patrol Vessel (NOPV) of
the Saryu class, plays a crucial role both independently and in support of Fleet Operations.
Equipped with advanced weapon systems, sensors, navigation and communication
systems, and an Electronic Warfare system, Sumedha has a proven track record in fleet
support operations, coastal and offshore patrolling, ocean surveillance, and Humanitarian
Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR) missions. Notably, it played a vital role in Operation
Kaveri, facilitating the evacuation of the Indian diaspora from war-torn Sudan in April 23.
This deployment underscores India’s proactive approach to addressing global maritime
concerns and reinforcing diplomatic ties through naval presence.

Senate Passes Stopgap Funding Bill, Averting Government Shutdown
The U.S. Senate has passed a stopgap funding bill to avoid a government shutdown,
pushing the spending fight into the holiday season. The bipartisan vote of 87-11 secured
the passage of the bill, which had previously cleared the House with a lopsided 336-95
vote. The legislation now awaits President Joe Biden’s expected signature.
Bipartisan Support
The stopgap funding bill, known as a continuing resolution (CR), received support from
both sides of the aisle, highlighting bipartisan cooperation. Senate Majority Leader Chuck
Schumer emphasized that the bill would keep the government open without any
contentious provisions, benefiting the American people.
Temporary Solution
The CR offers a temporary solution to government funding, preventing a shutdown that
would have occurred if funding had run out late Friday. It sets different funding deadlines
for various government departments, with some funded through January 19 and others
through February 2. This approach aims to avoid last-minute omnibus spending packages
before Christmas.
Clean and Non-Controversial
The CR is considered “clean,” with no spending cuts or divisive policy provisions that could
hinder Democratic support. It does not include a supplemental package for issues such as
aid for Israel and Ukraine, humanitarian assistance, or border security, leaving these
matters for future consideration.
Continuing Work on Appropriations Bills
The passage of this CR provides additional time for House Republicans to advance
appropriations bills and for House and Senate negotiators to reach a funding deal. While
the House has passed seven of the 12 annual appropriations bills, the Senate has passed
only three. The goal is to reach consensus on funding and prevent government
shutdowns.
Challenges in the House
The House has faced challenges in advancing individual appropriations bills, with
intraparty divisions over amendments causing delays. The ability of the House to complete
its spending bills before upcoming funding deadlines remains uncertain.
Despite these challenges, House Speaker Mike Johnson expressed confidence in the
process, emphasizing the ongoing effort to reach consensus on funding and
appropriations bills.
Niti Aayog Appoints Four Distinguished Fellows to Enhance Expertise
In a recent announcement, the government think tank Niti Aayog has appointed four
distinguished fellows for a one-year term, aiming to bolster its expertise in key social,
economic, and technical matters. These individuals bring significant work experience and
deep understanding of critical issues, further enriching Niti Aayog’s capabilities.
Meet the New Members
1. Anoop Singh: Anoop Singh is a member of the Fifteenth Finance Commission and
has a notable background working with the International Monetary Fund (IMF). He
held the position of director of the Asia Pacific department at the IMF, bringing
extensive international experience to his role at Niti Aayog.
2. OP Agarwal: An IAS officer from the 1979 batch, OP Agarwal boasts extensive
expertise in urban transport. His vast experience in this field will contribute
significantly to Niti Aayog’s work on urban development and transportation-related
initiatives.
3. Ajai Chowdhry: Ajai Chowdhry is one of the co-founders of HCL, a prominent Indian
multinational IT services and consulting company. His leadership in establishing the
electronics industry in India makes him a valuable addition to Niti Aayog, particularly
in the context of India’s technological and industrial advancement.
4. V Lakshmikumaran: V Lakshmikumaran is a Legal Expert with an impressive 35-year
career in law. His wealth of legal knowledge and experience will be an asset as Niti
Aayog addresses various legal and regulatory aspects of its initiatives.
India International Science Festival 2023 - Current Updates (November, 2023)
The 9th edition of the India International Science Festival (IISF) 2023 is set to take place in
Faridabad, Haryana, from January 17th to January 20th, 2024. This prominent science fair
will be hosted at the Campus of Translational Health Science and Technology Institute
(THSTI) and Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB) under the Department of
Biotechnology.
Theme: ‘Science and Technology Public Outreach in Amrit Kaal’
The theme for the 9th edition of IISF is ‘Science and Technology Public Outreach in Amrit
Kaal.’ This theme highlights the importance of science and technology outreach efforts in
the current era. IISF 2023 aims to provide a platform for individuals with diverse interests,
including students, educators, scientists, researchers, industry professionals,
entrepreneurs, and science communicators.
17 Themes to Showcase Scientific Achievements
IISF 2023 will encompass 17 themes that showcase scientific achievements and offer
diverse benefits to participants and the general public. These themes will provide a
comprehensive overview of various scientific disciplines and their significance in our lives.
A Platform for Interaction and Knowledge Sharing
The event serves as a dynamic interface among all stakeholders in the field of science and
technology. It offers a range of activities, including seminars featuring national and
international experts, interactions with speakers, exhibitions, competitions, workshops,
knowledge-sharing activities, technology displays, and more. These activities aim to foster
creativity, innovation, and scientific curiosity.
A Visionary Initiative
The India International Science Festival was initiated under the visionary leadership of
Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi. It is a collaborative effort between the Ministry of
Science and Technology, the Ministry of Earth Sciences, and Vijnana Bharati. The festival’s
primary objective is to promote creativity in science, technology, and innovation,
contributing to the advancement of a prosperous India.
Expanding Impact
Since its inception in 2015, IISF has grown into a mega science festival and hosted eight
editions in different regions of India. In 2021, the Department of Space and the
Department of Atomic Energy became integral parts of IISF, further enhancing its scope
and impact.
Conclusion of the 37th Infantry Commanders' Conference in Mhow
The 37th Infantry Commanders’ Conference, a two-day event, concluded successfully at
the Infantry School in Mhow, Madhya Pradesh, on Wednesday. The conference, held every
two years, was presided over by General Manoj Pande, Chief of the Army Staff (COAS), and
addressed a wide range of critical issues related to infantry operations, training, capability
development, and technology integration.
Key Highlights of the Conference
1. Assessing Infantry Capabilities: The conference thoroughly evaluated the
capabilities of the infantry in both conventional warfare scenarios and counter-
insurgency and counter-terrorism operations. It aimed to make necessary decisions
to enhance infantry capabilities in preparation for future challenges.
2. Showcasing Latest Acquisitions: During the conference, the infantry presented its
latest acquisitions in various domains, including lethality, mobility, battlefield
transparency, situational awareness, and survivability. Demonstrations of recently
acquired advanced New Generation Weapons & Equipment systems instilled
confidence in the infantry’s ability to counter adversaries effectively.
3. Hybrid Mode: The conference was conducted in a hybrid mode, with some
participants physically present at Mhow and others attending online from major
military stations across the country. This approach allowed for wider participation
and engagement.
4. High-Level Participation: The conference witnessed the presence of senior military
leaders, including the Vice Chief of Army Staff, six General Officers Commanding-in-
Chief, seventeen officers with the rank of Lieutenant Generals, and fourteen officers
with the rank of Major Generals. Colonels of the Infantry Regiments and Regimental
Center Commandants also participated.
November 17, 2023
Joint Military Exercise MITRA SHAKTI-2023 Kicks Off
The ninth edition of the Joint Military exercise “Exercise MITRA SHAKTI-2023” has officially
commenced in Aundh (Pune), running from 16th to 29th November 2023. The exercise
brings together the Indian and Sri Lankan armed forces for collaborative training and
strategic cooperation.
Participants
The 120-strong Indian contingent is primarily composed of troops from the MARATHA
LIGHT INFANTRY Regiment, reflecting India’s commitment to the exercise. The Sri Lankan
side is represented by personnel from the 53 Infantry Division. Additionally, 15 members
from the Indian Air Force and five from the Sri Lankan Air Force are actively participating
in the exercise.
Objective and Focus Areas
The primary aim of Exercise MITRA SHAKTI-2023 is to jointly rehearse Sub Conventional
operations under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter. The exercise scope includes:
Counter-Terrorist Operations: Both sides will practice tactical actions, including
raid, search and destroy missions, and heliborne operations.
Specialized Training: Army Martial Arts Routine (AMAR), combat reflex shooting,
and Yoga are integral components of the exercise curriculum.
Technological Integration
The exercise incorporates the use of advanced technologies, including Drones and
Counter Unmanned Aerial Systems, alongside helicopters. The joint drills will focus on
securing helipads and executing casualty evacuation procedures during counter-terrorist
operations.
Interoperability and Risk Reduction
Collective efforts during Exercise MITRA SHAKTI-2023 aim to achieve an enhanced level of
interoperability among the troops. This strategic alignment seeks to reduce risks to life
and property while prioritizing the interests and agenda of the United Nations during
peacekeeping operations.
Mutual Learning and Defense Cooperation
The exercise provides a platform for both sides to exchange views and practices on a wide
spectrum of combat skills. Sharing best practices fosters a higher level of defense
cooperation between the Indian Army and Sri Lankan Army, contributing to the mutual
growth of military capabilities.
Strengthening Bilateral Relations
Exercise MITRA SHAKTI-2023 not only enhances defense capabilities but also serves as a
diplomatic tool to strengthen bilateral relations between India and Sri Lanka. The
collaborative effort reflects the commitment of both nations to regional stability and
security.
High Rainfall: A Lifesaver for Equatorial Rainforests
High rainfall played a crucial role in the survival of equatorial rainforests over 50 million
years ago, a time when Earth experienced global warmth and atmospheric carbon dioxide
levels surpassed 1000 ppmv.
Unraveling Survival Mysteries
Understanding how biota survived under adverse conditions remains a challenge. While
existing paleoclimate data for mid- and high latitudes show fluctuations in rainfall during
the same period, quantifying terrestrial paleoclimate data in the equatorial region has
been an unexplored frontier. Scientists are delving into paleoclimate data to unveil the
secrets of survival in challenging environments.
Plant Proxy Unveils Equatorial Climate
Researchers from the Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences (BSIP) have undertaken the
task of quantifying the terrestrial equatorial climate from around 50 million years ago
using plant proxies. Through climate data reconstruction, they discovered a significant
increase in rainfall during that period. This elevated rainfall likely enhanced plant water
use efficiency, providing resilience to withstand the extremely warm conditions and
elevated carbon dioxide concentrations.
Equatorial Resilience: A Climate Anomaly
While Earth was 13°C warmer than present, and carbon dioxide levels exceeded 1000
ppmv, equatorial rainforests proved remarkably resilient. Unlike their counterparts in mid-
and high latitudes, the equatorial forests thrived, revealing a unique survival mechanism.
Recent research published in the journal Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology,
Palaeoecology unveils the first-ever insights into how equatorial forests endured in a
much warmer Earth.
Calibration for Deep-Time Terrestrial Climate
The study not only sheds light on past survival but also aids in developing a calibration file
from low-latitude regions. This calibration file holds significance for quantifying seasonal
deep-time terrestrial climate. It marks a crucial step in tracing the mysteries of rainforest
survival, acting as a key to understanding present and future climatic and biotic changes.
'Amini': Arnala Class Ship for Indian Navy
Recently, the latest addition to the Indian Navy’s fleet, ‘Amini,’ an Arnala class ship, was
launched at L&T Shipbuilding’s facility in Kattupalli, Tamil Nadu.
Purpose and Design
Amini, the fourth in the series of 08 x ASW Shallow Water Craft (SWC) projects, is a
creation of the state-owned Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers Ltd (GRSE). This ship
is specifically designed for anti-submarine operations in coastal waters, as well as low
intensity maritime operations (LIMO) and mine laying operations.
Role and Capabilities
According to a Navy spokesperson, Amini is equipped to handle anti-submarine activities
along coastal regions, showcasing its versatility in both defensive and offensive maritime
operations.
Launch Ceremony Highlights
Vice Admiral Sandeep Naithani, Chief of Materiel, presided over the launch ceremony. The
ship was officially launched by his wife, Manju Naithani, with an invocation from Atharva
Veda. The choice of the ship’s name, ‘Amini,’ holds significance, signifying the strategic
maritime importance attributed to the island of Amini at Lakshadweep, situated
approximately 400 km west of Kochi.
Project Details and Build Strategy
The contract for constructing eight ASW SWC ships was inked between the Ministry of
Defence (MoD) and GRSE, a Kolkata-based shipbuilder, on April 29, 2019. The build
strategy involves four ships being constructed at GRSE, while the remaining are sub-
contracted to L&T Shipbuilding for hull and part outfitting.

Fleet Replacement
A notable aspect of the Arnala class ships is their role in replacing the in-service Abhay
class ASW Corvettes currently deployed by the Indian Navy. This transition reflects
advancements in naval technology and strategic requirements for modern maritime
defense.
Unveiling Megabeds: Evidence of Ancient Catastrophic Events
Megabeds are substantial deposits formed in marine basins as a result of catastrophic
events, particularly volcanic eruptions. These deposits provide a historical record of
millennia-spanning catastrophic incidents that have impacted the Mediterranean Sea
region.
Discovery in the Tyrrhenian Sea
Researchers made a significant discovery of megabeds while investigating the bottom of
the Tyrrhenian Sea, an area adjacent to a sizable underwater volcano off the western coast
of Italy. The Tyrrhenian Sea, part of the Mediterranean, became the focal point of this
study due to previous indications of concealed features beneath its surface.
High-Resolution Insights
In a groundbreaking study published in the journal Geology, lead author Derek Sawyer, an
associate professor of Earth sciences at The Ohio State University, and his team utilized
high-resolution imaging to reveal the distinct layers of sediment, exposing four
megabeds. Each megabed ranged from 33 to 82 feet (10 to 25 meters) in thickness,
separated by layers of sediment.
Chronological Layers
Cores drilled from the site provided crucial information, revealing the volcanic nature of
the megabeds. The study, published in Geology, determined the age of the layers, with the
oldest dating back 40,000 years, followed by layers at 32,000, 18,000, and the most recent
at 8,000 years old.
Tracing the Source
To identify the origin of the megabeds, the researchers examined documented volcanic
activity in the region. The study focused on the highly active volcanic zone, including the
Campi Flegrei supervolcano, which has shown recent signs of activity.
Implications and Understanding Risk
The findings are crucial for advancing our understanding of volcanic risk in the region. The
ongoing volcanic activity, particularly around the Campi Flegrei supervolcano, raises
concerns about future catastrophic events.
Impact of Human Activities on Global Dust Emissions
The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) revealed that human
activities contribute to 25% of global dust emissions, with agriculture standing out as the
primary anthropogenic source. These findings emerged during a five-day meeting held in
Uzbekistan from November 13-17, where policy recommendations were released.
Annual Migration of Sand and Dust
Every year, over two billion tonnes of sand and dust traverse thousands of kilometers
through the Earth’s atmosphere. This phenomenon poses a significant meteorological
challenge characterized by strong and turbulent winds lifting small particles to
considerable heights.
Impact on Health, Environment, and Economies
Sand and dust storms, affecting regions from Northern and Central Asia to sub-Saharan
Africa, have adverse effects on human health, the environment, and economies. The
United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) identifies them as a formidable
obstacle to achieving 11 out of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals.
Sources of Sand and Dust Storms
Approximately 75% of sand and dust storm emissions originate from natural sources in
the world’s drylands, including hyper-arid regions, topographic depressions in arid areas,
and dry ancient lake beds. The remaining 25% is attributed to anthropogenic factors such
as land-use change, agriculture, water diversion, and deforestation.
Human-Induced Factors
Abandoned croplands become sources of sand and dust storms, while water consumption
in agriculture contributes by shrinking water bodies. For instance, the excessive diversion
of water from rivers in Central Asia has transformed the Aral Sea into the Aralkum Desert,
a new source of sand and dust storms.
Climate Change’s Role
Climate change amplifies the impact, with extreme wind events, aridity, severe droughts,
and rising temperatures exacerbating the frequency and severity of sand and dust storms.
Undetermined Impacts
Despite the evident impact on crops, trees, pastures, and livestock, many consequences
remain inadequately quantified. The FAO cites examples like a two-day storm in Mongolia
in March 2021, affecting thousands of households, leading to casualties, and a significant
loss of livestock.
Urgent Need for Policy
The FAO report emphasizes the absence of policies addressing the risks posed by sand
and dust storms. It calls for the establishment of risk monitoring and early warning
systems, strengthening risk governance, increased investment in risk reduction measures,
and raising awareness of this environmental challenge at the national level.
Landmark U.S.-China Climate Deal
The United States and China jointly announced a groundbreaking climate agreement
recently. The deal aims to significantly increase clean energy, displace fossil fuels, and
reduce greenhouse gas emissions, marking a crucial step in combating global warming.
Significance of the Deal
The agreement holds immense significance as the United States and China, responsible
for 38% of the world’s greenhouse gases, commit to addressing climate change.
Presidents Biden and Xi Jinping are set to meet, and the deal comes just ahead of the
United Nations climate talks, COP28, in Dubai, where representatives from nearly 200
countries will convene.
Potential Global Impact
The bilateral agreement could inject ambition into the global climate talks, providing a
template for other nations to follow suit. Notably, a similar agreement between the U.S.
and China in the lead-up to COP21 in 2015 influenced the language of the Paris
Agreement, setting the stage for collective efforts to limit global warming.
Challenges Ahead of COP28
The upcoming COP28 in Dubai faces challenges, with debates on key issues such as
tripling renewable energy capacity, doubling energy efficiency, and phasing out fossil
fuels. Critics have raised concerns, considering the host country, the United Arab Emirates,
as a major oil producer, potentially influencing negotiations.
Details of the U.S.-China Climate Deal
The agreement outlines a commitment to triple global renewable energy capacity by 2030,
with a focus on accelerating the shift away from coal, oil, and gas generation. While
enforcement mechanisms are limited, both countries pledged to achieve meaningful
absolute power sector emission reductions this decade.
Inclusion of All Greenhouse Gases
A noteworthy aspect of the deal is the commitment to set reduction targets for all
greenhouse gases, including methane, nitrous oxide, and others, in the next set of
national climate pledges due next year. China’s willingness to address methane, a
significant emitter, is seen as a crucial step.
Criticisms and Unaddressed Issues
Despite the positive momentum, some critics argue that the deal lacks clarity on phasing
down oil and gas emissions. Additionally, it does not include commitments from China to
phase out coal or cease issuing permits for new coal plants, critical steps for immediate
fossil fuel reduction.
Room for Optimism and Urgent Action
While the U.S.-China deal signifies progress in collaboration, it may not fully satisfy those
urging quicker global action on climate change. The urgency to address the crisis remains,
and the success of COP28 hinges on the collective commitment of nations to implement
impactful measures.
Loneliness: A Global Health Threat Equivalent to Smoking
Loneliness has been officially recognized as a critical global health threat by the World
Health Organization (WHO), with a mortality impact equivalent to smoking 15 cigarettes a
day. To address this pressing issue, WHO has launched an international commission on
social connection, led by U.S. Surgeon General Vivek Murthy and African Union youth
envoy Chido Mpemba.
Commission’s Objectives
The newly formed commission, comprising 11 advocates and government ministers from
around the world, including Ralph Regenvanu from Vanuatu and Ayuko Kato from Japan,
aims to analyze the pivotal role of social connection in health, propose solutions, and
promote social connection as a global health priority.
Three-Year Initiative
The commission’s three-year initiative will focus on understanding and highlighting the
impact of social isolation and loneliness on health and well-being. It aims to accelerate the
scaling up of effective solutions across countries of all income levels.
Health Consequences of Loneliness
Loneliness has severe health consequences, with individuals lacking strong social
connections being at a higher risk of stroke, anxiety, dementia, depression, and suicide.
WHO Director-General Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus emphasized the need to
establish social connection as a global health priority and share effective interventions.
Global Impact
Dr. Vivek Murthy emphasized that loneliness is not confined to developed countries, with
one in four older people experiencing social isolation worldwide. The health risks
associated with loneliness are comparable to smoking up to 15 cigarettes a day,
surpassing those linked to obesity and physical inactivity.
Loneliness Across Age Groups
Loneliness affects various age groups, with older adults experiencing a 50% increased risk
of developing dementia and a 30% increased risk of coronary artery disease or stroke.
Additionally, 5% to 15% of adolescents are reported to be lonely. However, these figures
are believed to be underestimations, according to WHO.
Global Public Health Concern
Loneliness transcends borders, becoming a global public health concern that impacts
health, well-being, and development across all facets of life. Young people experiencing
loneliness in schools face increased dropout rates, while adults may encounter poorer
economic outcomes due to disconnection and lack of support in the workplace. The
commission aims to address these interconnected challenges on a global scale.
Indo-Pacific Economic Framework: Agreements for a Fair and Clean Economy
India, the United States, and 12 other members of the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework
for Prosperity (IPEF) have successfully concluded negotiations on the IPEF Clean Economy
Agreement and the IPEF Fair Economy Agreement. This follows the signing of the Supply
Chain Resilience Pact, showcasing a collaborative effort towards economic resilience.
Next Steps
The member countries, including Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Fiji, Indonesia, Japan,
Malaysia, New Zealand, the Republic of Korea, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, the US,
and Vietnam, will now proceed with necessary steps, including domestic consultations and
legal reviews, to prepare the final texts of the agreements. The proposed agreements will
then undergo domestic processes for signature, ratification, acceptance, or approval.
IPEF Clean Economy Agreement
The IPEF Clean Economy Agreement commits the countries to actively pursue shared
climate objectives and pathways to net-zero emission economies. The agreement covers
critical issues related to transitioning to clean economies, including energy security,

climate resilience, greenhouse gas emissions mitigation, and the promotion of sustainable
livelihoods. The countries aim to increase investment flows to the region, addressing the
need for financing climate-related infrastructure, technologies, and projects.
IPEF Clean Economy Investor Forum
To catalyze investment for sustainable infrastructure and climate technology, the
countries will convene an annual IPEF Clean Economy Investor Forum. The first meeting is
scheduled to take place in Singapore in the first half of 2024.
IPEF Catalytic Capital Fund
An IPEF Catalytic Capital Fund has been established to be administered by the Private
Infrastructure Development Group. This fund aims to expand the pipeline of bankable
climate-related infrastructure projects, further supporting the transition to clean
economies.
IPEF Fair Economy Agreement
Under the IPEF Fair Economy Agreement, member nations commit to working together to
enhance fairness, inclusiveness, transparency, the rule of law, and accountability in their
economies. The agreement focuses on improving the trade and investment environment
in the Indo-Pacific region by promoting a more transparent and predictable business
environment. Efforts to prevent and combat corruption, improve tax transparency,
exchange information, enhance domestic resource mobilization, and strengthen tax
administration are key components of this agreement.
IPEF Background
Launched in Tokyo on May 23 last year, the IPEF addresses issues related to trade, supply
chains, clean economy, and fair economy. With India participating in all pillars except
trade, the framework aims to bolster economic cooperation and resilience in the Indo-
Pacific region, comprising countries accounting for 40% of the world’s economic output
and 28% of trade.
Supreme Court Emphasizes: Agreement to Sell Does Not Confer Ownership
In a recent order, the Supreme Court reinforced a crucial principle in property
transactions: an agreement to sell does not confer title or transfer ownership to the
intended purchaser. The ruling came in response to a case where the execution of an
agreement to sell a property in May 1990 was questioned.
Agreement to Sell vs. Conveyance
The Supreme Court clarified that an agreement to sell is not a conveyance and does not
transfer ownership rights or confer title. This distinction is vital, emphasizing that
ownership is not transferred until the sale is completed through a conveyance deed.
Background of the Case
The case involved an intended purchaser who agreed to buy a property, paid the full
amount, and took possession. However, when the seller refused to execute the
agreement, the intended purchaser filed a suit for specific performance in 2001. The trial
court dismissed the suit, stating doubts about the execution of the agreement. The
appellate court later reversed this decision, and the Karnataka High Court ruled in favor of
the intended seller, citing a violation of the Karnataka Prevention of Fragmentation and
Consolidation of Holdings Act, 1996.
Supreme Court’s Verdict
The Supreme Court allowed the intended purchaser’s appeal, noting that the issue of the
Fragmentation Act was not raised during the trial, and neither party pleaded its violation.
The court highlighted that the defense centered on the non-execution of the agreement
rather than the act’s violation. The court concluded that the High Court erred in holding
the agreement to be in violation of the Fragmentation Act. The Supreme Court
emphasized that the respondents had received full consideration and transferred
possession of the property, reinforcing the significance of the agreement-to-sell
distinction.
November 18, 2023
Measles Vaccination Gaps Persist in India: A Look at the WHO-CDC Report
In 2022, a startling revelation from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the US
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) indicates that approximately 11 lakh
children in India missed their first dose of the measles vaccine. This places India among
the top ten nations globally with the highest measles vaccination gap, even in the
aftermath of the pandemic.
India’s Measles Outbreak: A Troubling Scenario
The same report identifies India as one of the 37 countries grappling with measles
outbreaks in 2022, recording a staggering 40,967 cases. Despite the government’s efforts
in conducting special vaccination drives in response to the outbreak, gaps in measles
vaccination coverage persist, painting a concerning picture for the nation.
Global Impact: Measles Cases Surge Amidst Pandemic
Globally, the immunization against measles hit its lowest levels since 2008 during the
pandemic. This resulted in an 18% increase in measles cases and a staggering 43%
increase in deaths in 2022.
The Significance of Measles Vaccination
Measles is a highly contagious viral infection, primarily affecting children. The symptoms
include high fever, cough, runny nose, and distinctive red rashes. However, the
complications can be severe, leading to death.
Globally, complications from measles, such as brain swelling, pneumonia, severe diarrhea,
and dehydration, claim the lives of 1.3 lakh children annually. Vaccination has proven
instrumental in reducing mortality rates by 82%, preventing an estimated 5.7 crore deaths
between 2000 and 2022.
Special Vaccination Drives: Responding to the Outbreak
With most health resources focused on battling the COVID-19 pandemic, delays and
disruptions in childhood vaccinations occurred, leading to increased measles cases. Five
states—Bihar, Gujarat, Haryana, Jharkhand, and Maharashtra—reported a surge in cases,
with Maharashtra alone recording 13 measles-related deaths in 2022.
In response, the government initiated an outbreak response immunization drive,

targeting 13 lakh children aged nine months to 15 years in affected states and
neighboring regions between November 2022 and May 2023.
Government Initiatives: Aiming for 95% Vaccination Coverage
In the pursuit of measles and rubella elimination by 2023, India aims to achieve a 95%
vaccination coverage with two doses. The government’s one-time vaccination campaign,
launched in 2017, targeted children up to 15 years old or one-third of the country’s total
population.
As of 2023, only West Bengal and Delhi remain to complete this campaign. West Bengal
successfully vaccinated 2.2 crore children, while Delhi faced challenges, vaccinating only 11
lakh children up to the age of five years due to pending litigations.
Global Challenges: WHO-CDC Report Findings
According to the WHO-CDC report, despite increased vaccination coverage in 2022, 33
million children globally missed either both doses or the second dose of the measles
vaccine. Low-income countries, with the highest risk of measles-related deaths, continue
to struggle with vaccination rates at a concerning 66%, showing no recovery from the
setbacks during the pandemic.
The Voice of Global South Summit
The second Voice of Global South Summit (VOGSS), held virtually with participation from
about 130 countries, focused on a shared commitment to avoiding situations where
development initiatives lead to a debt trap.
Concerns over Debt Traps
The summit, without explicitly naming China, made veiled references to the Belt and Road
Initiative (BRI) and its observed impact on causing debt traps in multiple countries. There
was a unanimous call for more sustainable and viable development financing to navigate
the economic challenges posed by global uncertainties.
Debt Burden in Focus
Foreign Secretary Vinay Kwatra highlighted the prevalent concern over the debt burden in
various sessions, emphasizing that development projects should not impose a structural
debt burden on the economy. The need for sustainable financing resonated across
leaders’, finance, and foreign ministers’ sessions.
Decisions and Agreements
The summit witnessed emerging economies like Kenya, Nepal, and Brazil, among others,
reaching agreements in ten sessions covering foreign policy, finance, trade, energy, and
more. Decisions included shaping the future of the ‘Global South’ through cooperation,
reducing East-West development dichotomy, people-centric development finance,
commitment to sustainable development, and climate action.
Minister-Level Sessions
Eight minister-level sessions covered topics such as foreign policy, finance, and trade.
Discussions highlighted the need for resilient and inclusive global value chains,
strengthened multilateral development banks, and addressing financing gaps to avoid a
sustainable development gap.

Shared Commitment to Inclusion
The summit concluded with a shared commitment to the Global South speaking more
forcefully on global challenges, seeking cooperative solutions, and avoiding confrontation
in addressing shared issues.
Surya Kiran Aerobatic Team to Shine Before India vs Australia ICC World Cup Final
The Indian Air Force’s renowned Surya Kiran aerobatic team is set to enthrall spectators
with a ten-minute air show before the highly anticipated India vs Australia ICC World Cup
final on November 19 at the Narendra Modi Stadium. The team, featuring a fleet of nine
Hawk aircraft, will showcase captivating aerial manoeuvres, adding an extra dimension to
the cricketing spectacle.
Meet the Surya Kiran Aerobatic Team
Established in 1996
The Surya Kiran team, established in 1996, holds the prestigious designation of being the
official brand ambassador for the Indian Air Force (IAF). Operating under the 52nd
Squadron of the IAF, the team is renowned for its breathtaking air shows and
demonstrations on both national and international platforms.
13 Pilots, 9 Actively Flying
Comprising a total of 13 skilled pilots, with nine actively flying at any given time, the Surya
Kiran team undergoes a rigorous selection process twice a year. Pilots chosen serve on a
three-year tour of duty with the team, showcasing their precision and skill in aerobatic
displays.
Advanced Jet Trainers: Hawk MK 132 Aircraft
The team operates advanced jet trainers, Hawk MK 132 aircraft, displaying loop
manoeuvres, barrel roll manoeuvres, and forming various shapes in the sky. The term
“Surya Kiran” translates to ‘sunbeam’ in Sanskrit. Previously using Kiran Mk II aircraft, the
team transitioned to the more advanced Hawk MK 132.
Precision and Skill in Action
High-Speed Aerobatic Displays
The hallmark of the Surya Kiran team’s demonstration lies in loop manoeuvres in victory
formation, barrel rolls, and precision formations. The team typically performs over 30
shows annually, involving speeds ranging from 150 to 650 km/h and subjecting pilots to g-
forces from +6 to –1.5.
Rigorous Training and Expertise
Team members undergo intense training to master intricate aerobatic manoeuvres. The
seamless coordination and expertise of the pilots contribute to the team’s success. During
training, they fly three times a day, showcasing their dedication to perfection.
A Legacy of Aerial Excellence
Over 500 Displays Across India and Beyond
The Surya Kiran Aerobatic Team has left an indelible mark, conducting over 500 displays in
72 cities across India. From Srinagar in the north to Thiruvananthapuram in the south and
from Naliya in the west to Chabua in the east, the team has showcased its skills at various
altitudes.
Challenges Overcoming Heights and Depths
Operating at an altitude of 5,436 feet in Srinagar, the team faced challenges flying over the
sea due to vast water affecting depth perception. Their prowess has also been displayed in
the capital cities of Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, and Singapore, adding to their rich
legacy of aerial excellence.
Southern India's Reservoirs Face Depleting Water Levels
The Central Water Commission’s recent report highlights growing concerns as water
levels in reservoirs across southern Indian states, including Andhra Pradesh, Telangana,
Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu, continue to decline. The collective storage capacity of
53.334 Billion Cubic Metre (BCM) is witnessing a sharp drop in reserves, sounding alarm
bells for the region.
Present Reservoir Stocks
Downward Trend in Water Reserves
The CWC’s monitoring of 42 reservoirs in the southern states reveals a troubling trend. In
September 2023, water stocks stood at 48% of the total storage capacity, dropping to 46%
in October, and further plummeting to 44% in November. This starkly contrasts with last
year when water reserves were at 87% around the same time.
State-wise Reservoir Stocks
Andhra Pradesh: -51%
Karnataka: -38%
Kerala: -16%
Telangana: +33%
Factors Contributing to Low Stocks
Erratic Rainfall and Climatic Conditions
Inter-seasonal rainfall variability during the southwest monsoon led to significant deficits
in southern India. The region experienced normal or above-normal rainfall only during a
brief period, resulting in a cumulative shortfall of 8%. October, a critical month for rainfall,
saw the sixth driest conditions in 123 years, aggravating the water scarcity situation.
Impact of Cyclone Hamoon
Cyclone Hamoon’s development in the Bay of Bengal during the onset of the northeast
monsoon further hampered rainfall activities, particularly over Tamil Nadu and coastal
Andhra Pradesh. The collective rainfall deficiency in south peninsular India reached 60%,
amplifying concerns about water scarcity.
Urgent Areas Requiring Attention
Implications on Agriculture and Drinking Water
The depleting water reserves pose immediate threats to irrigated farming, especially high
water-intensive crops like paddy cultivated in Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. The impact
is expected to cascade to drinking water availability in the coming months.
Emerging Agricultural Crisis
Karnataka has already declared drought-hit talukas, signaling the onset of an agricultural
crisis. As new state governments are set to be sworn in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana,
addressing the agricultural crisis triggered by water shortages becomes a critical
challenge.
US and Philippines Sign Nuclear Technology Deal to Boost Energy Independence
The United States and the Philippines signed a landmark deal allowing Washington to
export nuclear technology and materials to Manila. The agreement is a significant step in
supporting the Philippines’ exploration of nuclear power to enhance decarbonization and
energy independence. The deal enables the United States to share equipment and
materials as the Philippines develops small modular reactors and other civilian nuclear
energy infrastructure.
Congress Approval Required
While the agreement marks a significant development, U.S. Congress approval is
necessary for the peaceful transfer of nuclear material, equipment, and information in
accordance with non-proliferation requirements. As of the end of 2022, the United States
had agreements covering 47 countries, the International Atomic Energy Agency, and
Taiwan.
Philippines’ Nuclear Energy Plans
The Philippines aims to leverage nuclear power as a viable alternative baseload power
source, intending to retire coal plants to meet climate goals and enhance energy security.
Previous attempts to pursue nuclear energy faced challenges, including safety concerns.
President Marcos has discussed the possibility of reviving the mothballed Bataan Nuclear
Power Plant, built in response to an energy crisis during the rule of his father.
Background on Bataan Nuclear Power Plant
Completed in 1984, the Bataan Nuclear Power Plant was mothballed in 1986 following the
ouster of President Ferdinand Marcos, the Chernobyl nuclear disaster, and corruption
allegations. The Philippines faces challenges such as volatile global oil prices, seasonal
power outages, and high electricity rates, making nuclear power an attractive option for
the nation’s energy strategy.
NASA's DSOC Achieves "First Light" with Record-Breaking Data Transmission
NASA’s Deep Space Optical Communications (DSOC) experiment has made a
groundbreaking achievement, reaching “first light” by successfully transmitting data via
laser over a remarkable distance of nearly 10 million miles (16 million km). This
accomplishment, approximately 40 times farther than the Moon’s distance from Earth,
marks a significant advancement in deep space communication technology.
Key Points
1. Record-Breaking Distance: DSOC, part of the Psyche spacecraft, transmitted data
using a near-infrared laser over a distance of nearly 10 million miles, setting a new
record for optical communications.
2. “First Light” Moment: The historic moment occurred on November 14 when
DSOC’s flight laser transceiver on Psyche successfully locked onto an uplink laser
beacon transmitted from the Optical Communications Telescope Laboratory at JPL’s

Table Mountain Facility. Test data was sent via the uplink and downlink lasers,
achieving the critical step of “closing the link.”
3. Psyche Mission’s Crucial Role: DSOC is part of NASA’s Psyche mission, and its goal
is to send high-bandwidth test data to Earth while Psyche travels to the asteroid belt
between Mars and Jupiter.
4. Advancing Space Communication: DSOC aims to demonstrate data transmission
rates 10 to 100 times greater than current state-of-the-art radio frequency systems
used by spacecraft. This breakthrough is crucial for future space exploration,
including human missions to Mars.
5. High-Bandwidth Transmission: The primary objective of DSOC is to enable high-
data-rate communications, offering the potential to transmit scientific information,
high-definition imagery, and streaming video during space missions.
6. Transformative Era in Space Communication: NASA sees DSOC as a monumental
leap in space communication technology, ushering in a new era with possibilities for
data-intensive missions and contributing to the vision of sending humans to Mars.
Cambridge Dictionary's Word of the Year: "Hallucinate"
The Cambridge Dictionary has chosen “hallucinate” as its Word of the Year for 2023, citing
the additional meaning gained in the context of generative AI tools, such as ChatGPT and
Bard, that use large language models (LLMs).
Key Points
1. Original Definition: “To seem to see, hear, feel, or smell something that does not
exist, usually because of a health condition or because you have taken a drug.” This
was the previous definition of “hallucinate” in the Cambridge Dictionary.
2. New Meaning in 2023: The Cambridge Dictionary has expanded the definition to
include the context of artificial intelligence, stating, “When an artificial intelligence
hallucinates, it produces false information.”
3. Generative AI and Hallucinations: Generative AI tools, particularly those using
large language models, have gained attention. The term “hallucinate” is applied to
instances where AI produces false or inaccurate information, often due to
deficiencies and limitations in the training data.
4. AI Learning from Data: Large language models learn from vast amounts of data,
attempting to recreate human thought and linguistic expression. However, their
reliability is limited by the quality and accuracy of the training data.
5. Real-World Consequences: AI-generated hallucinations can have real-world
consequences. For example, a US law firm using ChatGPT for legal research cited
fictitious cases in court, leading to a $5,000 fine.
6. Word of the Year Decision: The Cambridge Dictionary team selects the Word of the
Year based on data regarding words that saw popular usage and cultural salience in
the given year. The choice of “hallucinate” reflects the growing discourse around
generative AI and the need to understand its potential strengths and current
weaknesses.
7. AI Interaction: The decision to choose “hallucinate” as the Word of the Year
recognizes the challenges and opportunities in interacting with generative AI safely
and effectively, emphasizing the importance of awareness regarding its capabilities
and limitations.
November 20, 2023
What is Chhath Puja?
Political leaders, including President Droupadi Murmu and Prime Minister Narendra Modi,
extended their warm wishes to the public on November 19 for Chhath Puja, the
concluding day of the four-day Chhath festival. Once confined to Bihar and parts of
eastern Uttar Pradesh and Nepal, Chhath has gained prominence nationwide over the
past decade.
Beliefs Behind Chhath
Chhath Puja is a four-day celebration dedicated to honoring the Sun.
Devotees observe a rigorous fast, abstaining from water, and make offerings to Usha
and Pratyusha, representing the rising and setting Sun, while standing in a water
body.
Historical references from the times of Lord Ram, Goddess Sita, Draupadi, and Karna
link the festival to prayers for divine blessings.
Festive Offer
Chhath epitomizes religiosity in Bihar, fostering community participation.
While some observe the fast, the entire community engages in festival preparations,
including cleaning riverbanks, gathering ritual items, and preparing thekuas
(prasad).
How Chhath is Celebrated
Chhath Puja begins on the sixth day of Kartik (October-November) or Chaitra (April).
Chhathi maiyya, considered an exacting but generous deity, is Sun’s sister.
Rituals include a ceremonial bath (naha kha), a 36-hour fast, and offerings of thekuas
and seasonal fruits on the riverbanks.
The festival concludes with dawn and evening offerings (arghya) to the rising and
setting Sun.
Unique Features of Chhath
Chhath symbolizes community unity, drawing Bihari migrants back to their roots.
Observers come from all castes, with no involvement of priests; individuals directly
fast and pray to the visible, apparent God.
Offerings consist of locally produced fruits, emphasizing accessibility and equality.
Both women and men observe the fast for God, not for family members.
The festival’s message emphasizes equality, the importance of nature, and the
cyclical nature of life.
Punjab and Haryana High Court Quashes Haryana's 75% Private Job Reservation Law
The Punjab and Haryana High Court, on November 17, declared the Haryana State
Employment of Local Candidates Act, 2020, unconstitutional. The law, which mandated
75% reservation in private jobs for Haryana residents, was deemed discriminatory by the
court. This article delves into the details of the law, its challenges, and the recent court
ruling.
The Struck-Down Law
The Haryana State Employment of Local Candidates Act, 2020, passed by the Haryana
Assembly in November 2020, reserved 75% of private sector jobs with a monthly
salary below Rs 30,000 for residents of Haryana.
The law came into effect on January 15, 2022, following the Governor’s assent on
March 2, 2021.
The Punjab and Haryana High Court declared the law violative of fundamental rights
outlined in Part III of the Constitution.
Challenges and Grounds for Opposition
The Faridabad Industries Association and other Haryana-based associations
challenged the law, asserting that it violated constitutional rights by promoting a
“sons of the soil” policy.
Private sector jobs, argued the petitioners, should be based on skills and merit, with
employees having the fundamental right to work anywhere in India.
The Haryana government invoked Article 16(4) of the Constitution, claiming the
authority to create such reservations for backward classes.
Provisions of the Haryana Law
The law covered various entities, including companies, societies, trusts, and large
individual employers, but excluded central or state governments.
Local candidates, domiciled in Haryana, could avail themselves of the reservation by
registering on a designated online portal.
Employers were mandated to make recruitments exclusively through this portal, with
a complex exemption application process.
High Court Ruling
The court criticized Sections 6 and 8 of the Act, stating that they amounted to an
“Inspector Raj” and imposed undue control on private employers.
Sections 6 and 8 were considered excessive, leading to an infringement on the right
to carry on occupation, trade, or business under Article 19(1)(g) of the Constitution.
The court highlighted that discriminating against individuals based on their state of
origin was unconstitutional.
Current Status and Future Steps
The Supreme Court had initially stayed the law on February 3, 2022, but later set
aside the stay, directing the High Court to decide on the law’s validity within four
weeks.
Despite the High Court’s ruling against the law, Deputy Chief Minister Dushyant
Chautala expressed the Haryana government’s intent to challenge the decision in

the Supreme Court.
Legal Controversy Surrounds Governor's Powers as Tamil Nadu Resubmits Bills
The decision by Tamil Nadu’s Governor R N Ravi to withhold assent to 10 pending Bills has
sparked a legal debate over the powers of the Governor. This development coincides with
opposition-led states, including Tamil Nadu, seeking Supreme Court intervention to
delineate the boundaries of the Governor’s authority in the legislative process.
Constitutional Framework
Article 163 and Article 200 of the Constitution govern the powers of the Governor in
general and specifically address granting assent to Bills.
When a Bill is presented to the Governor, they have four options: grant assent,
withhold assent, return for reconsideration, or reserve for the President’s
consideration.
Article 200 stipulates that the Governor “may, as soon as possible,” return Bills
(excluding money Bills) for reconsideration, but once reconsidered by the Legislative
House, the Governor “shall not withhold assent.”
Governor’s Discretion and Ambiguities
Ambiguity in the term “as soon as possible” allows Governors to indefinitely
withhold Bills, creating a potential paralysis in elected governance.
The discretion to grant assent is an area where the Governor can exercise their
judgment, but it must be within constitutional limits and with cogent reasons.
Article 200’s use of the term “shall” implies a mandatory tone, emphasizing the
Governor’s obligation to follow the constitutional process.
Supreme Court’s Perspective
The Supreme Court, in the 2016 Arunachal Pradesh Assembly case, highlighted that
the Governor cannot withhold assent indefinitely and must return the Bill to the
Assembly with recommendations for amendments.
States’ Appeals to the Supreme Court
Kerala, Telangana, and Punjab, in addition to Tamil Nadu, have sought Supreme
Court intervention on the issue.
Kerala argues that Bills have been pending with Governor Arif Mohammad Khan for
an extended period, affecting legislative progress.
Telangana claims that crucial Bills are awaiting the assent of Governor Tamilisai
Soundararajan, hindering governance.
Tamil Nadu’s Grievances
Tamil Nadu alleges that the Governor’s actions, including not signing remission
orders and withholding assent to Bills, are disrupting the administration.
The state contends that the Governor’s stance is creating an adversarial atmosphere
by not cooperating with the state administration.
Supreme Court’s Dilemma
The Supreme Court is now tasked with deciding whether it can set a timeline for
Governors to grant assent to Bills, essentially determining if it can impose limits on

constitutional powers.
Previous instances of the court fixing timelines for the Speaker’s office in
disqualification cases serve as precedents.
Halal: Understanding Certificates and Controversies
Recent events in Lucknow, where an FIR was lodged against companies allegedly
certifying products as halal for increased sales, have brought attention to the concept of
halal.
Understanding ‘Halal’
Meaning: Halal, an Arabic term, translates to ‘permissible’ and is contrasted with
‘haram,’ meaning ‘forbidden’ in the Quran. It designates what is lawful and allowed
in Islamic belief.
Dietary Laws: Primarily associated with Islamic dietary laws, halal food adheres to
specific procurement, processing, and trading practices, similar to the ‘kashrut’ rules
in Judaism.
Criteria for Halal Meat
Slaughtering Technique: In the Indian context, halal refers mainly to the Muslim
slaughtering technique, involving a single cut to the jugular vein, carotid artery, and
windpipe. The animal must be alive, healthy, and all blood must be drained.
Recitation of prayers during the process is also prescribed.
Contrast with ‘Jhatka’: Contrary to the ‘jhatka’ method, preferred by Hindus and
Sikhs, halal does not involve stunning animals before slaughter.
Halal Beyond Meat
Non-Meat Products: Halal extends beyond meat and covers various consumable
items. Vegetarian food, fish, and shellfish are generally considered halal, unless they
contain alcohol.
Personal Care Products: Halal considerations are also relevant in non-food items
like medicines, personal care products, packaging materials, and animal feed.
Halal Certificates and Issuers
Definition: Halal certificates inform consumers whether a product meets the criteria
for being considered halal. They don’t necessarily indicate the presence of meat.
Certifying Agencies: India lacks an official regulator for halal certification. Instead,
various certifying agencies, like Halal India, issue certifications based on rigorous
testing and audits.
International Recognition: Certifications from agencies like Halal India are
recognized by regulators in Islamic countries, such as Qatar, the UAE, and Malaysia,
enhancing acceptability for products meant for export.
Controversies and Legal Issues
Recent FIR in Lucknow: The FIR against companies certifying products as halal
raises questions about the manipulation of public faith.
Supreme Court Intervention: Opposition-led states, including Tamil Nadu, seek
Supreme Court intervention to define the scope of the Governor’s powers in the
legislative process.
Reporting Sexual Offences against Minors and the POCSO Act
The recent decision by the Himachal Pradesh High Court regarding the bailability of
offences under the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act has raised
legal questions.
Himachal Pradesh High Court’s Ruling
Nature of the Offence: The court ruled that failure to report sexual crimes against
minors, as mandated by Section 21 of the POCSO Act, is a bailable offence.
Reference to CrPC: The court justified this by referring to the Code of Criminal
Procedure (CrPC), stating that offences punishable with imprisonment of less than
three years are bailable. Section 21 of the POCSO Act prescribes imprisonment of 6
months to a year.
Context of the Case
Accusation against Hotel Manager: The case involved a hotel manager accused of
not reporting an offence committed against a minor, as required by the POCSO Act.
Main Accused: The primary offender had raped and recorded a video of a minor
schoolgirl in a hotel, leading to charges under Sections 376 and 506 of the IPC and
Sections 6 and 21 of the POCSO Act.
Mandatory Reporting under POCSO
Sections 19 and 21: Section 19 of the POCSO Act mandates reporting by anyone
having apprehension or knowledge of a potential or committed offence. Section 21
penalizes the failure to report, prescribing imprisonment or a fine.
Exemptions: Children are exempt from liability for failing to report, and Section 22 of
the Act protects children making false complaints.
Supreme Court’s Perspective
Serious Crime: The Supreme Court has consistently ruled that the non-reporting of
sexual crimes against minors is a serious crime.
Obligations of Professionals: Certain professionals, such as medical practitioners
and educators, have greater obligations to report cases of child sexual abuse.
Balancing Confidentiality and Reporting Obligations
2013 Ruling: The SC emphasized the seriousness of not reporting crimes against
minors.
Recent Attempt at Balance: In 2022, a three-judge bench sought to strike a balance
between reporting under POCSO and confidentiality under the Medical Termination
of Pregnancy (MTP) Act.
Exemption for RMPs: The court allowed registered medical practitioners to be
exempt from disclosing a minor’s identity when reporting under POCSO for medical
termination of pregnancy under the MTP Act.
State of the Cryosphere 2023 Report
The recently released State of the Cryosphere 2023 report highlights the profound impacts
of global temperature rise on Earth’s frozen water, emphasizing the vulnerability of the
cryosphere to climate change. The report underscores the alarming trends, including the
loss of tropical glaciers, mid-latitude glaciers, and polar regions, with a specific focus on
the Himalayas.
Key Findings
1. Global Ice Loss: The report predicts the disappearance of nearly all tropical glaciers,
most mid-latitude glaciers, and polar regions, even if the world manages to limit
global temperature rise to 2 degrees Celsius above the preindustrial era.
2. Himalayan Impact: The Himalayas are expected to lose 50% of their current ice if
global average temperatures reach 2°C. This has significant implications for water
resources and ecosystems in the region.
3. Current Impact: The impacts are already noticeable at the current temperature rise
of 1.2°C, with glaciers in the northern Andes, East Africa, and Indonesia rapidly
disappearing.
4. Cryosphere as Ground Zero: Experts consider the cryosphere, encompassing ice
sheets, sea ice, permafrost, polar oceans, glaciers, and snow, as ground zero for
climate change.
5. Urgency of 1.5°C: The report emphasizes that, from the cryosphere’s perspective,
limiting global temperature rise to 1.5°C is not just preferable but the only viable
option.
6. Climate Disasters in 2023: The report connects the year 2023 to climate disasters
and ice loss, urging global leaders to reconsider the 2°C target.
Specific Impacts and Concerns
1. Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF): The flash flood in Sikkim triggered by a glacial
lake outburst flood (GLOF) is highlighted, emphasizing the catastrophic
consequences.
2. Swiss Glaciers: Swiss glaciers lost 10% of their remaining ice over two years,
indicating a rapid decline.
3. Antarctic Sea Ice: Sea ice around Antarctica reached an all-time low during both
summer and winter.
4. Arctic Ocean: At 2°C, the Arctic Ocean is projected to be free of sea ice almost every
year, with up to four months without ice from July to October.
5. Carbon Dioxide Concentrations: Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations
reached 50% above pre-industrial levels in 2023, with CO2 concentration at 424 parts
per million.
6. Ice Sheet Loss: Earth’s ice sheets lost 7,560 billion tonnes of ice between 1992 and
2022, with the last decade witnessing the seven worst years of ice loss.
7. Sea-Level Rise: Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets could contribute between 12-20
meters of sea-level rise at 2°C.
8. Permafrost Thaw: Both 2°C and 1.5°C scenarios could lead to extensive permafrost
thaw, releasing significant CO2 and methane emissions.

COP28 and Urgent Action
The report comes ahead of the 28th Conference of Parties (COP28) to the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change, urging global leaders to prioritize the
commitment to “1.5°C alone” to safeguard the cryosphere.
Rescue Efforts in Silkyara-Barkot Tunnel: Authorities Unveil Five-Point Plan
As the challenging rescue mission continues for the 41 workers trapped in the under-
construction Silkyara-Barkot tunnel in Uttarkashi, authorities have devised a
comprehensive five-point plan. The plan involves drilling operations from multiple angles
to expedite the rescue operation, which has faced setbacks in the past week.
Five-Point Rescue Plan
1. Vertical Drilling from Top: Vertical drilling operations will be conducted from the
top of the hill under which the workers are trapped. This approach aims to create a
vertical tunnel for rescuing the workers.
2. Horizontal Drilling at Silkyara Side: Ongoing efforts to drill horizontally through
the debris blocking the tunnel at the Silkyara side will continue. This involves creating
a passage through the debris to reach the trapped workers.
3. Tunnel Drilling from Barkot Side: A new operation will commence to drill a small
tunnel from the Barkot side. This additional tunneling effort aims to provide an
alternative route for rescuing the workers.
4. Pipeline for Supplies: A six-inch-wide vertical pipeline is being established from the
top of the hill to the trapped area. This pipeline will serve as a means to pass
supplies, including food and other necessities, to the trapped workers.
5. Strengthening Existing Tunnel: Safety measures and strengthening of the existing
tunnel will be undertaken. This involves drilling from the Silkyara end to ensure the
structural integrity of the tunnel.
Agencies Involved
Five different agencies have been assigned specific responsibilities for different aspects of
the rescue plan:
Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC)
Sutluj Jal Vidyut Nigam (SJVNL)
Rail Vikas Nigam Limited (RVNL)
National Highways and Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited (NHIDCL)
Tehri Hydro Development Corporation Limited (THDCL)
Communication and Well-being
Communication with the trapped workers has been established through walkie-talkies,
and supplies, including food and oxygen, are being provided through pipelines.
Authorities emphasize the workers’ safety and morale during the rescue operation.
Climate Risks for Women in Agri-Food Systems: Hotspot Map Highlights Vulnerability
A new hotspot map, developed by an international team of researchers, reveals that
women engaged in agri-food systems in Africa and Asia, including India, face the highest
climate risks. The map, ranking 87 countries based on climate change threats to women in
agricultural sectors, identifies areas where climate hazards, exposure faced by women,
and vulnerability due to gender inequalities converge.
Key Findings
1. India’s Ranking: India stands 12th on the risk index, highlighting the significant
climate threats faced by women in its agri-food systems.
2. Methodology: The research combined insights on climate, gender, and agri-food
systems to map “climate–agriculture–gender inequality hotspots.” Central, east, and
southern Africa, along with west and south Asia, were identified as particularly at
risk.
3. Asian Countries: Bangladesh, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Nepal also feature in the
rankings, with the second, fourth, seventh, and eighth positions, respectively.
4. Climate–Gender Inequality Hotspots: The study emphasizes that climate hazards,
high exposure faced by women, and high vulnerability due to gender inequalities
converge in specific regions, indicating climate–gender inequality hotspots.
Implications for Policymaking
1. Addressing Gender Inequality: The research underscores that gender is a crucial
determinant of the impact of climate hazards. It emphasizes the need for gender-
responsive climate action to address underlying inequalities.
2. Informing Decision-Making: The hotspot maps can serve as an entry point for
policymaking, informing decisions around gender-responsive climate action. The
insights can guide the allocation of resources to populations at the highest risk.
3. COP28 and Climate Investments: The study suggests that the hotspot maps can be
instrumental in discussions like COP28 and negotiations on loss and damage funds.
Decision-makers and investors can use the maps to target finance and investments
in areas where women are most affected by climate change risks.
Challenges and Limitations
The researchers acknowledge limitations, such as the lack of data preventing the
calculation of a ‘hotness’ score for some countries, including small island development
states.
Extreme Weather Events Drive Shifts in Ecosystems, Favoring Non-Native Species
A recent analysis reveals that extreme weather events, including heatwaves, cold waves,
droughts, and floods, are influencing ecosystems by displacing native species with non-
native ones. The study, conducted by researchers at the Chinese Academy of Sciences,
analyzed 443 studies covering 1,852 native and 187 non-native species in land, marine, and
freshwater habitats. The findings, published in the journal Nature Ecology & Evolution,
indicate that while both native and non-native species exhibit positive and negative
responses to extreme weather events, non-native species tend to surpass native ones in
positive responses.
Key Insights
1. Impact on Marine Animals: Overall, marine animals, whether native or non-native,
remained insensitive to extreme weather events. However, native molluscs, corals,

and anemones were negatively affected by heatwaves.
2. Terrestrial and Freshwater Habitats: Heatwaves and storms affected non-native
species in terrestrial and freshwater habitats, respectively. Native animals showed
adverse responses to heatwaves, droughts, and cold spells in terrestrial ecosystems,
displaying more vulnerability to extreme weather events.
3. Response Patterns: On average, non-native species showed 24.8% positive, 31.8%
negative, and 43.4% neutral responses to extreme weather events. Native species
exhibited 12.7% positive, 20.5% negative, and 66.8% neutral responses. Non-native
species surpassed native species in positive responses.
4. Native Vulnerability: Native terrestrial animals were harder hit by heatwaves, cold
spells, and drought, while native freshwater species were vulnerable to most events
except cold spells.
5. Caution on Study Bias: The researchers caution about biases in the study, as the
majority of examined studies were from North America or Western Europe.
Four Gas Power Plants Contradict US Directive on Fossil Fuel Financing: Report
A report by Friends of the Earth US has identified four gas power plants in Mozambique,
Bangladesh, and Uzbekistan that contradict the United States’ directive on ending
international financing for new fossil fuel projects by Multinational Development Banks.
The investigation found that these plants, costing $400 million, emit an estimated
combined total of over 6,000,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent, not aligning with
the goals of the Paris Agreement. Despite US Treasury guidance against supporting
certain fossil gas projects, the US voted to support these projects in Mozambique,
Bangladesh, and Uzbekistan.
Key Points
1. Plants Contradict US Directive: The report identifies two gas power plants in
Mozambique (Central Térmica de Temane and Central Térmica de Ressano Garcia),
one in Bangladesh (Bhola-2 Dual-Fuel), and one in Uzbekistan (Syrdarya Combined
Cycle Gas Turbine) that contradict the US directive on ending international financing
for new fossil fuel projects by Multinational Development Banks.
2. Emissions and Paris Agreement Alignment: The four power plants are estimated
to emit a combined total of 6,191,150 to 6,587,803 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per year,
not aligning with the goals of the Paris Agreement.
3. US Treasury Guidance: The US Treasury issued guidance against supporting
upstream natural gas projects by Multinational Development Banks, but the report
highlights discrepancies in the approval of projects, indicating a lack of clear
definitions and metrics in the guidance.
4. Exceptions and Vague Definitions: The report points out that provisions for fossil
gas projects have vague definitions, making it challenging to determine project
alignment with the guidance. Exceptions include projects supporting International
Development Association-eligible countries, with credible alternatives, significant

positive impact on energy security, and alignment with Paris Agreement goals.
5. Lack of Clear Metrics: The lack of clear definitions and metrics in the guidance
allows decision-makers to exercise discretion, enabling fossil fuel projects at
Multinational Development Banks to receive US support.
Lancet Countdown on Health and Climate Change
A recent edition of the Lancet Countdown on Health and Climate Change reveals a
startling impact of heat exposure on global labor. In 2022, the loss amounted to a
staggering 490 billion potential labor hours, marking a nearly 42% increase from
1991-2000.
Global Analysis: A Closer Look at the Numbers
The report conducted a comprehensive analysis, calculating heat-related labor capacity
loss for 195 countries. The calculations were based on United Nations estimates of
occupational sunlight exposure and working-age populations.
India: Significant Losses and Economic Impacts
In India alone, 191 billion potential labor hours were lost due to heat exposure in 2022,
representing a 54% increase from 1991-2000. This resulted in a substantial $219 billion
potential income loss, equivalent to 6.3% of the country’s GDP.
Agricultural Workers Bear the Brunt
Agricultural workers faced the most substantial impact, accounting for 64% of potential
hours lost and 55% of potential income losses in 2022, according to the report. This trend
is observed globally, with agricultural workers being the worst affected in many countries.
Global Workforce Impacted: Averages and Disparities
On average, each worker worldwide lost 143 potential hours of labor capacity. Shockingly,
39% of the global workforce—over 1.3 billion workers—experienced losses greater than
this average. Notably, 80% of these workers hailed from low- or medium-Human
Development Index (HDI) countries.
Future Projections: A Bleak Outlook
The report warns of a bleak future scenario, projecting a doubling of potential labor hours
lost annually by 2041-60 if no further adaptation occurs. This doubling is compared to the
1995-2014 period, with the possibility of it being nearly 2.5 times higher without
mitigation.
Economic Consequences: Rising Losses
The economic toll of extreme weather events increased by 23% between 2010–14 and
2018–22, reaching $264 billion in 2022. Concurrently, heat exposure led to global potential
income losses amounting to a staggering $863 billion.
Global Inequities Exacerbated
Low- and medium-HDI countries were disproportionately affected by labor capacity loss
due to heat exposure, exacerbating global inequities. Potential income losses in these
countries were equivalent to 6.1% and 3.8% of their gross domestic product, respectively.
Urgent Call for Action: COP28 and Health Impact
The Lancet Countdown report precedes the 28th Conference of the Parties (COP28) to the
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. This conference will mark the
first to have a dedicated day addressing the significant health impact of climate change.
Fossil Fuels and the Urgency for Change
Despite previous warnings and opportunities to transition to cleaner fuels, the data reveal
a concerning trend. Energy-related carbon dioxide emissions increased by 0.9% to a
record 36.8 Gt in 2022. Only 9.5% of global electricity comes from modern renewables,
highlighting the urgent need for change.
Health Professionals Unite: A Plea to COP28
In response to these alarming trends, 46 million health professionals issued an open letter
to the COP28 Presidency. The letter calls for an accelerated, just, and equitable phase-out
of fossil fuels as a crucial step toward improving global health.
Traditional and Complementary Medicine 'Project Collaboration Agreement'
Late last night in Geneva, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Ministry of Ayush
signed a groundbreaking ‘Project Collaboration Agreement’ aimed at advancing
Traditional and Complementary Medicine on a global scale.
Transformative First Phase
The initial phase of this agreement, spanning from 2023 to 2028, will mark a significant
milestone in the global development of Traditional and Complementary Medical Systems.
Objectives of the Agreement
The primary goal is to integrate Traditional and Complementary Medicine into India’s
National Health System, ensuring standardization, quality, and safety. This collaborative
effort also aims to contribute to global health objectives, as emphasized by Bruce Aylward,
Assistant Director General of the WHO’s Universal Health Coverage and Life Course
Division.
Global Strategy 2025-34: A Joint Initiative
WHO and the Ministry of Ayush will collaborate on formulating the Traditional Medicine
Global Strategy for the years 2025-34. This strategy will serve as a comprehensive
roadmap for the integration and advancement of Traditional and Complementary Medical
Systems.
Strengthening Training and Practice
The agreement outlines efforts to enhance training and practice in the field of
Complementary Medicine System ‘Siddha.’ Additionally, guidelines for the listing of
Traditional and Complementary Medicines, safety measures, and other related initiatives
will be formulated.
International Herbal Pharmacopoeia
One notable outcome of this collaboration is the development of an International Herbal
Pharmacopoeia, focusing on herbs found in South-East Asia. This initiative aligns with the
broader goal of preserving biodiversity and medicinal plants.
Past Success and Ongoing Commitment
This marks the third collaborative effort between the Ministry of Ayush and WHO. Previous
agreements in 2016 and 2017 focused on taking Traditional Medical systems like Yoga,
Ayurveda, Unani, and Panchakarma to the global stage and strengthening specific medical
systems.
Global Fisheries Conference India 2023
Union Fisheries Minister Parshottam Rupala is set to inaugurate the two-day Global
Fisheries Conference India 2023 in Ahmedabad.
Theme: Celebrating Fisheries and Aquaculture Wealth
Under the theme ‘Celebrating Fisheries and Aquaculture Wealth,’ the conference aims to
bring together key stakeholders for fruitful discussions, market insights, and networking.
It serves as a platform to forge partnerships with national and international stakeholders
and outline a roadmap for sustainable growth in India’s fisheries sector.
Platform for Collaboration: November 21-22
Organized by the Union Fisheries, Animal Husbandry, and Dairy Department, the
conference will see the participation of fishery ministers, ambassadors, scientists, policy-
makers, fishery communities, and investment bankers on November 21 and 22, coinciding
with World Fisheries Day.
International Round Table Meet: Addressing Challenges
Minister Rupala will lead the International Round Table Meet, focusing on collaborative
efforts to sustain the sector amidst challenges, including the climate crisis. The event aims
to foster discussions on innovative solutions and strategies.
Global Participation: Delegations and Diplomats
Delegations from over 10 countries, including France, Norway, Australia, Russia, Brazil,
Greece, Spain, New Zealand, and Zimbabwe, have confirmed physical participation.
Additionally, more than 50 foreign diplomats are expected to virtually join the conference.
Industry Connect: Bridging Stakeholders
An ‘Industry Connect’ session will engage industry stakeholders, policymakers, and others
to deliberate on critical issues, such as the startup ecosystem, cooperation in the fisheries
sector, technology transfer, and capacity building.
International Organizations’ Presence
Representatives from around 10 international organizations, including the Asian
Development Bank and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN, will attend the
conference, contributing to the global perspective on fisheries and aquaculture.
Anticipated Visitor Turnout
The event is expected to draw 5,000 visitors, including farmers, vendors, cooperative
representatives, and startups. It signifies a significant initiative to bolster collaboration,
share insights, and pave the way for sustainable growth in India’s fisheries sector.
Pre-National Conference on Responsible Business Conduct Webinar
The Indian Institute of Corporate Affairs (IICA) and Partners in Change collaborated to
organize a Pre-National Conference on Responsible Business Conduct webinar in New
Delhi, focusing on Business Responsibility and Sustainability Reporting (BRSR). The event,
held yesterday, analyzed publicly disclosed data from 928 companies, offering valuable
insights into the evolution of non-financial disclosure in India.
Key Objectives of the Webinar
The webinar centered on three key issues: diversity, materiality, and occupational health
and safety (OHS). Its primary objectives were:
1. Deeper Understanding of BRSR Framework: Foster a comprehensive
understanding of the Business Responsibility and Sustainability Reporting
framework.
2. Evolution from BRR to BRSR: Trace the journey of disclosures from Business
Responsibility Reports (BRR) to the more comprehensive BRSR.
3. Analysis of Trends in Disclosures: Examine trends in disclosures to determine how
data can enhance engagement with companies and stakeholders.
BRSR as a Communication Tool
Compared to its predecessor, the Business Responsibility Report (BRR), BRSR introduces a
more extensive set of questions, combining both quantitative and qualitative disclosures.
Positioned as an effective communication tool, BRSR facilitates the disclosure of an
organization’s non-financial performance.
SEBI Mandate and Commitment to ESG Practices
Top 1,000 companies, in adherence to the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)
mandate, are set to submit data on their non-financial performance. This not only
highlights their commitment to Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) practices but
also emphasizes their dedication to Responsible Business Conduct compliance.
Setting the Stage for the National Conference
The webinar, framed within the SEBI regulatory framework, served as a precursor to the
upcoming National Conference organized by IICA scheduled from December 14-15, 2023.
The conference will explore various aspects of the responsible business journey in India,
providing guidance to businesses for enhanced and quality disclosure practices.
Analytical Presentations and Concluding Remarks
The webinar featured analytical presentations by Ms. Ekta Verma, Mr. Pradeep Narayanan,
and Ms. Saesha Parekh from Partners in Change, along with Mr. Dheeraj from Praxis.
Concluding remarks were provided by Ms. Garima Dadhich from IICA.
About IICA and Partners in Change
Indian Institute of Corporate Affairs (IICA): An autonomous institution under the
Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Government of India.
Partners in Change: A leading organization dedicated to fostering sustainable
development and responsible business practices. Their joint initiatives, including the
National Conference on Responsible Business Conduct, aim to drive positive change in the
corporate landscape.
NMC's Vigilance Against "Ghost Faculty" in Medical Colleges
In a proactive move to eliminate “ghost faculty” from medical colleges, the National
Medical Commission (NMC) underscores the significance of implementing the Aadhaar-
enabled biometric attendance system (AEBAS) for faculty members before inspection.
Guidelines to Standardize Application Process
The NMC has released Medical Assessment and Rating Board guidelines, aiming to
standardize the application process for initiating new medical colleges or increasing seats
in existing institutions. The guidelines also address concerns related to “ghost faculty”
among other issues.
AEBAS Implementation: A Reiterated Directive
The NMC has persistently urged medical colleges to adopt the Aadhaar-enabled biometric
attendance system (AEBAS). This move is aimed at ensuring transparency and authenticity
in faculty attendance.
Daily AEBAS Reporting
The guidelines specify that the daily AEBAS of essential staff, including faculty, residents,
and supporting staff, should be made available to the NMC. This information, preferably
with face-linked recognition, should be accessible through a daily attendance dashboard
on the medical college website.
Implementation Timeline
The new rules are slated to come into effect from the next academic year, according to the
NMC. This signifies a strategic and timely intervention to enhance the integrity of medical
education.
Standard Operating Procedure for Evaluation
The Post Graduate Medical Education Board, as part of the guidelines, introduces a
Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for evaluating the examination process during
inspections for recognition, increased intake, or renewal of course recognition.
Video Record of Examination Process
Medical colleges and institutes are required to conduct examinations in adherence to
guidelines and maintain a video record of the entire exam process. This includes details
about examiners, the examination process, cases examined, and students’ theses.
Streamlined Inspection Process
The notice issued by the NMC emphasizes that there will be no physical or online
inspection of the examination process. Instead, a physical assessment of medical colleges
and institutes will occur after the examinations are concluded. This assessment will cover
infrastructure, clinical and investigative material, and other relevant facilities.
Forward Steps for Transparency
The NMC’s vigilant measures, including AEBAS implementation and streamlined
inspection processes, are crucial steps to ensure transparency, authenticity, and the
eradication of irregularities in medical education.
Perumal Murugan's 'Fire Bird' Clinches 2023 JCB Prize for Literature
Tamil writer Perumal Murugan’s novel ‘Fire Bird,’ skillfully translated into English by Janani
Kannan, emerged victorious at the 2023 JCB Prize for Literature. The prestigious award
was announced in New Delhi, with the book published by Penguin Random House India.
Universality in Specificity: Jury’s Praise
Chair of the five-member jury, author Srinath Perur, lauded ‘Fire Bird,’ stating that
Murugan encapsulates a universal story tied to the land with astonishing particularity.
Janani Kannan’s translation was commended for preserving not only the Tamil language’s
rhythms but also an entire way of being in the world.
Absorption into a Different World
Jury member Swati Thiyagarajan, a journalist and filmmaker, described the novel as “a
powerful evocative story of an ordinary life.” She highlighted its capacity to immerse
English readers in a world, time, and place, enriching their understanding of rural Tamil
Nadu.
Virtual Announcement and Physical Presentation
Lord Bamford, Chairman of JCB Group, virtually announced the award, which was
presented in person by Deepak Shetty, CEO and Managing Director of JCB India Limited.
The JCB Literary Prize includes a cash prize of Rs 25 lakh for the author and an additional
Rs 10 lakh for the translator.
Celebrating Perumal Murugan’s Literary Contributions
Perumal Murugan, with 12 novels, six collections of short stories, six anthologies of poetry,
and numerous non-fiction books to his name, has made a significant mark in the literary
world. Ten of his novels, including ‘Seasons of the Palm,’ ‘Current Show,’ and ‘One Part
Woman,’ have been translated into English.
Distinguished Shortlisted Works
Other notable works on the shortlist included ‘The Secret of More’ by Tejaswini Apte-
Rahm, ‘The Nemesis’ by Manoranjan Byapari, ‘Mansur’ by Vikramajit Ram, and ‘I Named
my Sister Silence’ by Manoj Rupda.
Passing of Former US First Lady Rosalynn Carter at Age 96
Former US First Lady Rosalynn Carter, a pivotal figure during President Jimmy Carter’s
tenure, passed away at the age of 96. Known for her active promotion of mental health
causes, she played a significant role in various initiatives alongside her husband.
Legacy of “the Steel Magnolia”
Rosalynn Carter, described as “the Steel Magnolia” by Washington reporters, combined
willpower with a soft Southern accent and a seemingly shy demeanor. Her influence
extended beyond the traditional role of the First Lady, and she actively engaged in mental
health advocacy.
Longest-Married US Presidential Couple
Rosalynn and Jimmy Carter, the longest-married U.S. presidential couple, married in 1946.
While Jimmy Carter served as president from 1977 to 1981, their commitment to public
service continued through the Carter Center and Habitat for Humanity.
Integral Role in Post-White House Years
After leaving the White House, Rosalynn Carter remained an integral part of various
initiatives, demonstrating her enduring commitment to advocacy and service.
A Passion for Mental Health Advocacy
Rosalynn Carter’s passion for mental health advocacy continued throughout her life. She
addressed the needs of the mentally ill, emphasizing the importance of advocacy beyond
personal connections.
“Equal Partner” and “Closest Adviser”
Former President Jimmy Carter referred to Rosalynn as his “equal partner” and “closest
adviser.” Her contributions extended to sitting in on cabinet meetings and political
discussions, making her a key figure in the Carter administration.
Legacy Beyond the White House
Rosalynn Carter’s legacy extends beyond her years in the White House, leaving a lasting
impact on mental health awareness, women’s rights, and humanitarian efforts. Her
passing marks the end of an era but leaves behind a legacy of service, dedication, and
advocacy.
November 21, 2023
11th Edition of International Tourism Mart
A three-day mega event is set to kick off in Shillong, Meghalaya, aiming to showcase the
tourism potential of India’s northeast region. Union Minister G Kishan Reddy is scheduled
to inaugurate the 11th edition of the International Tourism Mart (ITM).
A ‘Green’ Approach to Tourism
This edition of ITM is distinguished as a “unique event” by adopting low-carbon options
aligned with the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change’s Mission LiFE. The
event will take place from November 21-23 in Shillong.
Infrastructure Boost for Northeast Tourism
The Ministry of Tourism has allocated Rs 44.44 crore for the development of 22 viewpoints
in the northeast. These efforts aim to enhance infrastructure, including commercial
spaces, logistic parks, and traveler facilities, to promote tourism in the region.
ITM’s Objective and History
The ITM, an annual event organized by the Ministry of Tourism, rotates through
Northeastern states. Its purpose is to provide a platform for stakeholders to interact and
create awareness about the tourism potential of the Northeast region. Shillong is hosting
the event for the second time.
Delegates and Participants
Approximately 100 delegates, including domestic and international participants, are
expected to attend the ITM. The event will bring together tourism ministers, senior
officials, and representatives from various northeastern states and tourism associations.
Sustainable Practices at ITM
The event emphasizes sustainability with a commitment to not use single-use plastic
(SUP). It will follow a digital and paperless route, and a tree plantation drive is planned.
Special sessions for business meetings and knowledge-sharing will be held during the
event.
Advancements in Northeast Connectivity
The northeast has witnessed a significant increase in air connectivity in recent years, with
over 16 airports providing access to tourist destinations. The Ministry of Tourism, in
collaboration with the Ministry of Civil Aviation, has operationalized 53 tourism routes,
including 10 exclusive routes for the Northeast region.
‘Travel for LiFE’ Initiative
To promote sustainable and responsible tourism, the Ministry of Tourism is actively
involved in the ‘Travel for LiFE’ program. This initiative aims to position India as a leader in
sustainable tourism, contributing to achieving Sustainable Development Goals by 2030.
Development Projects in Northeast
Under the Swadesh Darshan Scheme, 16 projects totaling Rs 1,309 crore have been
sanctioned for the Northeast states. Additionally, 15 tourist destinations are under
development as part of the Swadesh Darshan Scheme 2.0, focusing on sustainability.
PRASHAD Scheme for Pilgrimage Destinations
The Ministry of Tourism has sanctioned eight projects worth Rs 256.45 crore under the
PRASHAD scheme for the integrated development of pilgrimage destinations in the
northeast states, further enhancing the tourism landscape in the region.
USI Annual UN Forum 2023 Focuses on International Humanitarian Law and Peacekeeping
The United Service Institution of India (USI), established in 1870 as the country’s oldest
think-tank dedicated to national security and military affairs, is set to host its Annual UN
Forum 2023 in New Delhi on November 21-22. This year’s forum will delve into the critical
theme of ‘International Humanitarian Law and Peacekeeping.’
Session 1: Applying IHL Principles to Peacekeeping in Complex Environments
The first session will explore the challenges and applications of International
Humanitarian Law (IHL) principles in UN peacekeeping missions, particularly in contexts
involving non-state actors and urban warfare.
Session 2: Overcoming Constraints in Protecting Civilian Mandates through IHL Integration
The second session aims to analyze constraints related to the protection of civilian
mandates in peacekeeping operations and discuss strategies for overcoming these
challenges by integrating IHL norms.
Session 3: Legal Frameworks for Accountability and Enhancing Peacekeeper Protection
In the third session, participants will examine legal frameworks to ensure accountability
when peacekeepers are targeted. The focus will be on identifying measures to enhance
the protection of peacekeepers in complex and volatile situations.
Session 4: Advancing Gender-Inclusive Peacekeeping
The fourth session will shed light on the importance of gender-inclusive peacekeeping.
Discussions will revolve around challenges faced by women peacekeepers and strategies
to ensure their active participation in peacekeeping operations.
Session 5: Leveraging Technology for Effective Peacekeeping Operations
The fifth session will explore the role of technology in peacekeeping, discussing the
utilization of data analytics, artificial intelligence (AI), and advanced surveillance for more
effective peacekeeping operations.
Plenary Session: Consolidating Takeaways and Recommendations
The event will conclude with a plenary session aimed at consolidating key takeaways.
Senior officials from the Indian Armed Forces and the Ministry of External Affairs will
deliver keynote addresses. The forum aims to provide recommendations for informed
discourse on IHL and its integration into UN peace operations.
Closing Remarks: Towards More Effective Peacekeeping
The dialogues during the forum are anticipated to contribute to the development of
training modules and policy frameworks, ultimately enhancing the effectiveness of
peacekeeping while safeguarding the rights and safety of both peacekeepers and civilians.
The multi-stakeholder approach, combining insights from academicians and practitioners,
will foster a comprehensive understanding of contemporary peacekeeping challenges.
CII India-Nordic-Baltic Business Conclave
The Nordic Baltic Eight (NB8), consisting of Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia,
Lithuania, Norway, and Sweden, stands as an innovation and technological powerhouse.
With India’s increasing emphasis on technology, significant opportunities for partnerships
between the two geographies emerge, promising substantial future growth.
Exploring Collaborations: Opportunities for Indian Industry
The NB8 region provides a vast opportunity for Indian industries to establish partnerships,
joint ventures (JVs), and engage in technology transfer agreements with institutions and
enterprises in the region. Meeting India’s need for market knowledge, insights into
specific procedures, compliance norms, and more, the NB8 region becomes a valuable
resource.
Optimistic Investments: NB8 Investors and India’s Growth Prospects
Nordic-Baltic investors express optimism about India’s medium-term growth prospects.
The potential for collaboration is set to be explored at the “CII India Nordic Baltic Business
Conclave” scheduled in New Delhi on November 22-23. The conclave aims to bring
together stakeholders, facilitate dialogues on key focus sectors, foster new business
partnerships, lay the groundwork for potential policy changes, and create opportunities
for collaboration. This year’s event follows the success of the first CII India-Nordic-Baltic
Conclave held virtually in November 2020.
Economic Powerhouses: Nordic Countries’ Collective Impact
Nordic countries, members of the European Union and EFTA, collectively represent an
economy exceeding USD 2.012 trillion, with a high standard of living for their 27 million
population. The countries boast high GDP per capita and rank prominently in the Human
Development Index. Leaders in innovation, clean technology, renewable energy, and
sustainability, the Nordic countries are economic powerhouses.
Baltic Expertise: Leaders in IT, Digitization, and Green Technology
The Baltic countries excel in IT, digitization, cyber technology, and green technology,
contributing to the overall prowess of the NB8 region.
Diplomatic Momentum: India-Nordic Engagements
India’s interactions with the Nordic countries have gained momentum through
established frameworks and summits. Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s visits to Stockholm
and Copenhagen, along with virtual summits and high-level bilateral engagements, have
strengthened diplomatic ties.

Economic Collaborations: Trade, Investments, and Presence
Trade in goods between India and NB8 countries reached USD 8.036 billion in 2021-22,
with cumulative FDI from NB8 countries amounting to USD 4.307 billion. Over 700 NB8
companies, predominantly from Sweden, operate in India, and nearly 150 Indian
companies have a presence in the NB8 region.
Cutting-edge Technologies: Collaboration in Niche Sectors
NB8 countries lead in niche technologies, including digitization, maritime solutions,
renewable energy, AI, e-mobility, and cyber technologies. Collaborative initiatives such as
the India-Denmark Green Strategic Partnership and sustainability and digital partnerships
further showcase the depth of engagement.
Growing Indian Community: Presence in NB8 Region
Around 1,33,495 Indians reside in the NB8 region, and approximately 3,500 Indian
students pursue education in various universities across NB8 countries.
UN Panel in New Delhi to Address Road Safety Challenges for Delivery Agents
Measures to address road safety hazards faced by delivery agents, particularly those on
two-wheelers operating under strict timelines for e-commerce orders, will be a focal point
at a United Nations panel on road traffic in New Delhi next month.
Global Collaboration for Road Safety
The three-day conference, scheduled from November 4 to 6, is a collaborative effort by the
Institute of Road Traffic Education and the Global Road Safety Forum of the United
Nations Economic Commission for Europe, along with its Asia-Pacific counterpart, the
Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific.
International Participation and Key Issues
Approximately 23 countries are expected to participate in the conference, which will
discuss road safety challenges arising from the increasing number of delivery agents.
Topics include the operation of two-wheeler taxis and ambulances, regulatory and legal
changes needed in the law, and concerns regarding the safety of vulnerable road users,
such as two-wheeler riders and pedestrians.
Addressing Proliferation and Segregation
Experts will delve into the proliferation of delivery agents and propose solutions,
considering the specific challenges they face while navigating strict delivery timelines.
Additionally, the conference will explore the segregation of power-two wheelers and
devise safety solutions for pedestrians on high-speed corridors.
Comprehensive Approach: Driver Training and Medical StandardsThe conference will
emphasize the importance of driver training, establishing medical standards for driver
fitness and certification, and defining the scale of injury and death resulting from road
crashes. These discussions aim to formulate comprehensive strategies for enhancing road
safety.
Global Road Safety Forum: A Permanent UN Body
The Global Road Safety Forum, as the only permanent body within the United Nations
system dedicated to improving road safety, plays a crucial role. It is responsible for
overseeing United Nations legal instruments that harmonize traffic rules, including the
Conventions on Road Traffic and on Road Signs and Signals of 1968.
Enigmatic E Prime Layer Discovered in Earth's Core
An international team of researchers, including scientists from Arizona State University
(ASU), has uncovered a mysterious layer, known as the E prime layer, at the outermost
part of Earth’s core. This discovery is attributed to the penetration of surface water deep
into the planet, leading to alterations in the composition of the metallic liquid core’s
outermost region.
Understanding Earth’s Internal Mechanisms
Earth is composed of four primary layers: the inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust.
The research, published in Nature Geoscience, challenges the previous belief that material
exchange between the core and mantle is minimal. The experiments reveal that when
water reaches the core-mantle boundary, it reacts with silicon in the core, resulting in the
formation of silica.
Development of the E Prime Layer Over Time
The study suggests that tectonic plates transporting surface water have carried it
deep into Earth over billions of years.
Upon reaching the core-mantle boundary, water undergoes chemical changes,
leading to the formation of a hydrogen-rich, silicon-depleted layer at the outer core,
resembling a film-like structure.
Silica crystals generated by this process ascend and blend into the mantle, impacting
the overall composition of Earth’s layers.
Implications and Insights
The modifications in the liquid metallic layer could potentially result in reduced density
and altered seismic characteristics, aligning with anomalies detected by seismologists.
This discovery enhances our comprehension of Earth’s internal mechanisms, indicating a
broader and more intricate global water cycle than previously acknowledged. The
transformed layer in the core holds significant implications for interconnected
geochemical processes linking surface water cycles with the deep metallic core.
Sophisticated Experimental Methods
The research involved sophisticated experimental methods conducted at the Advanced
Photon Source of Argonne National Lab and PETRA III of Deutsches Elektronen-
Synchrotron in Germany. These methods aimed to recreate the extreme conditions
observed at the core-mantle boundary, providing valuable insights into Earth’s complex
internal processes.
James Webb Space Telescope Uncovers Massive "Cosmic Vine" in Early Universe
Astronomers using data from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) have identified a
colossal chain of at least 20 closely packed galaxies from the early universe, offering
insights into the formation of the most massive structures in the cosmos.
The “Cosmic Vine” Discovery
Dubbed the “Cosmic Vine,” this megastructure spans more than 13 million light-
years in a bow shape and is approximately 650,000 light-years wide.
Detected in the Extended Groth Strip, between the constellations Ursa Major and
Boötes, the Vine is significantly larger than other observed galaxy groups from this
early cosmic era.
The Vine, with a redshift of roughly 3.44, dates back to around 11 to 12 billion years,
making it one of the largest structures in the early universe.
Galactic Clusters and Cosmic Mysteries
The Cosmic Vine appears to be evolving into a galaxy cluster, the most massive
structures in the universe bound together by gravity.
Despite its estimated mass of about 260 billion solar masses, the Vine is still growing.
Two of its largest galaxies, however, have become “quiescent” or “quenched,”
indicating a halt in star formation.
Galactic Collisions and Star Formation Quenching
The researchers suggest that recent galactic mergers may have triggered intense
star formation bursts, depleting the available gas for star formation about half a
billion years before JWST’s observations.
The unusual discovery prompts questions about the nature of the universe, with
further studies needed to unveil the mysteries behind this ancient galactic chain.
James Webb Space Telescope Unveils Celestial Water Supply Chain
In a cosmic revelation, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has uncovered a celestial
supply chain involving ice-covered pebbles transporting water to newly forming planets
around young stars. This groundbreaking discovery challenges conventional beliefs about
the origin of Earth’s water and sheds light on the interconnectedness of various regions
within the solar system.
JWST’s Unparalleled Vision
The JWST penetrated the dust and gas surrounding four young stars, revealing
protoplanetary disks—dense gas formations encircling nascent stars.
The telescope identified an excess of water vapor in the inner regions of two disks,
suggesting the presence of icy pebbles ferrying water to developing planets closer to
their host stars.
Hydrodynamical Forces and Cosmic Connectivity
Disparities in water vapor levels among the disks indicate the influence of
hydrodynamical forces, trapping icy pebbles in outer rings for some systems.
This challenges the notion of isolation between inner and outer solar system regions,
reinforcing the plausibility of the ice-covered pebble theory regarding Earth’s water
origin.
Reassessing Earth’s Water Source
Traditional beliefs held that Earth’s water arrived through icy comets and asteroids
after its formation, but discrepancies in composition and water quantities prompted
questions.
The JWST’s findings align with an alternative hypothesis, suggesting that water-laden
pebbles migrated from the outer solar system, providing a consistent explanation for
Earth’s water isotopes.
Implications for Extraterrestrial Life
The breakthrough not only promises a conclusive answer to Earth’s water source but
also holds implications for the search for extraterrestrial life.
The discovery suggests that water delivery to planets via this mechanism might be
more common than previously thought, increasing the prospects of finding life on
distant worlds.
Lost City Hydrothermal Field: A Subaquatic Marvel in Peril
Close to the summit of an underwater mountain near the Mid-Atlantic Ridge lies the Lost
City Hydrothermal Field, a mesmerizing environment discovered in 2000. As this
underwater wonder unfolds its tale of discovery and resilience, it faces impending threats
that could jeopardize its existence.
A Submerged Enigma: Lost City Hydrothermal Field
Discovered over 700 meters beneath the ocean surface, the Lost City Hydrothermal
Field is shrouded in mystery and located near the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
Its jagged towers, bathed in ghostly blue light, tell a story of enduring for at least
120,000 years—a unique interaction of the upthrusting mantle with seawater,
unparalleled in the ocean’s depths.
Thriving Life in Extreme Conditions
Despite its extreme locale, the Lost City is teeming with life. Vents release hydrogen,
methane, and gases, sustaining thriving microbial communities in the absence of
oxygen.
From snails to crustaceans, a diverse range of creatures inhabits its chimneys,
showcasing the adaptability of life in unconventional ecosystems.
Extraterrestrial Intrigue: Insights for Life Beyond Earth
The hydrocarbons emanating from the Lost City’s vents spark intrigue, raising
questions about life’s potential origin in analogous environments.
Scientists consider the Lost City as a model for extraterrestrial habitats on celestial
bodies like Enceladus, Europa, or Mars.
Mining Threats to a Fragile Ecosystem
The Lost City’s allure has attracted commercial interests, with Poland securing
mining rights around the area in 2018.
This poses a substantial threat to the delicate ecosystem, with concerns about
potential plumes and discharges from mining activities, prompting urgent calls for
its protection.
Preserving a Unique Underwater Marvel
Scientists and conservationists are calling for the Lost City Hydrothermal Field to be
designated as a World Heritage site.
This plea aims to shield this underwater marvel from the irreversible impacts of
mining and environmental degradation, ensuring its preservation for future
generations.
November 22, 2023
UNEP's 14th Emissions Gap Report 2023
The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) recently released its 14th Emissions
Gap Report 2023, revealing a bleak outlook for limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees
Celsius. With the most optimistic climate action projects, there is only a 14% chance of
achieving this target.
Unmet Climate Contributions and Rising Temperatures
Despite efforts to deliver existing nationally determined contributions (NDCs) by 2030, the
UNEP projects a warming of 2.5°C, surpassing the 2°C target set by the Paris Agreement.
Current policy scenarios indicate a potential rise of 3°C due to an implementation gap,
with only nine countries updating their NDCs since the 2022 climate conference.
Alarming Climate Records and Emission Trends
The report highlights a surge in climate records being shattered, including 86 days with
warming exceeding 1.5°C this year. Global emissions peaked at 57.4 gigatonnes in 2022,
emphasizing the urgency for enhanced climate action.
GHG Emissions and Fossil Fuel Dependency
Approximately two-thirds of global greenhouse gas emissions come from fossil fuel-based
CO2 emissions. The report emphasizes the significance of reducing fossil fuel production,
as current policies indicate plans to produce double the amount consistent with the 1.5°C
target.
Inequalities in Climate Contributions
Stark inequalities exist in contributions to climate change, with a minority of nations,
including the United States, the European Union, and China, responsible for a
disproportionate share of historical emissions. The report highlights wealth disparities,
revealing that affluent households contribute nearly half of worldwide consumption-
based emissions.
Mixed Progress in G20 Economies
Policy developments within G20 economies present a mixed picture of progress. While the
United States’ Inflation Reduction Act aids in reaching NDC goals, challenges arise in the
European Union with increased investments in fossil gas infrastructure.
Low Confidence in Net Zero Targets
Despite 97 parties adopting Net Zero pledges, concerns linger regarding their diversity
and implementation. The report reveals low confidence in Net Zero targets among G20
members, citing insufficient progress indicators such as legal status and emission
reduction pace.
Urgent Need for Clean Energy Access
Over 2.4 billion people lack clean cooking sources, and 775 million lack electricity. The
report emphasizes the urgent need for affordable finance in low- and lower-middle-
income countries for clean energy investments, highlighting challenges such as high debt
and vulnerability to volatile fossil fuel markets.
Carbon Dioxide Removal Strategies
Recognizing the necessity of carbon dioxide removal (CDR), the report calls for
acknowledging the need for CDR strategies. It explores existing and emerging CDR
approaches, comparing effectiveness, timescales, and risks. The report emphasizes the
growing dependence on CDR if significant global reductions in greenhouse gas emissions
are delayed.
59th International Tropical Timber Council
The 59th International Tropical Timber Council (ITTC), an annual gathering focused on
sustainable tropical forest management, concluded on November 17, 2023.
The Role of ITTC
The ITTC serves as the governing body of the International Tropical Timber Organisation
(ITTO), dedicated to advancing sustainable management and conservation of tropical
forests globally.
Decisions and Concerns Addressed
The council concluded its session with five key decisions, and the European Union
expressed concerns regarding the state of the world’s forests in light of climate change
and biodiversity.
Project Endorsements and Financial Approvals
During the session, participating countries endorsed eight projects related to sustainable
forest management objectives. Additionally, a budget of $7.1 million for the financial year
2024-25 was approved.
Adoption of Work Programme for 2024-25
The council adopted the work programme for 2024-25, emphasizing collaboration with the
Collaborative Partnership on Forests and other partners for implementation.
Trial Measure for Ineligible Members
A notable decision involved the approval of a trial measure allowing ineligible members to
submit project proposals and concept notes. Ineligible members catching up on financial
contributions can submit one project and concept note for every two years of arrears paid.
European Union’s Commitment to Sustainable Practices
The European Union, a significant consumer of timber, expressed its commitment to
ensuring that its consumption does not contribute to the decline of forests, both within
the EU and globally. The EU expressed readiness for cooperation and engagement with
other countries and supply chains to address these concerns.
"Climate equality: A planet for the 99%" Report
A recently released report highlights a glaring disparity in carbon emissions, revealing
that the richest one percent of the global population emitted as much carbon as the
poorest five billion people, comprising 66 percent of the world’s population.
Alarming Impact on Human Lives and Environment
The volume of emissions from the wealthiest individuals, equivalent to causing 1.3 million
deaths due to heat, is a cause for concern. The report, titled “Climate equality: A planet for
the 99%,” underscores the detrimental effect of the annual emissions of the super-rich,
negating the carbon savings from nearly a million onshore wind turbines.
Role of the Super-Rich in Climate Breakdown
Understanding the role of the “super-rich and rich people” is deemed crucial in stabilizing
the planet and ensuring a “good life” for all, according to Oxfam. The super-rich play a
pivotal role in climate breakdown through their daily emissions, consumption patterns,
lifestyles, investments, and holdings in heavily polluting industries. Their undue influence
extends to media, economy, politics, and policymaking.
Dire Projection for Emissions in 2030
The report projects that the emissions of the top one percent are set to be over 22 times
more than the safe limit required to stay below 1.5 degrees Celsius of global warming by
2030.
Calls for Government Action
Governments are urged to address the dual crises of inequality and climate change by
specifically targeting the excessive emissions of the super-rich. The report advocates for
investments in public services and meeting climate goals.
Taxation as a Solution
The report proposes that taxes on the wealth and income of the wealthiest could
significantly reduce carbon pollution and generate over $9 trillion annually for investment
in a green and equitable future. A suggested 60 percent tax on the incomes of the super-
rich globally could have a substantial impact.
Impact on Vulnerable Countries
Highlighting the unequal impact of climate change, the report emphasizes that low-
emitting nations, least responsible for global warming, are suffering the worst
consequences. Vulnerable countries in Africa, South Asia, Central and South America,
Small Island Developing States, and the Arctic are disproportionately affected.
Joint Research Findings
Referencing a joint research report by the Stockholm Environment Institute and Oxfam
from September 2020, the document illustrates how the richest income groups contribute
significantly to carbon emissions growth, while the impact of the poorest half of the
world’s population is minimal.
Unprecedented Heatwave Hits Brazil
Brazil recently faced an unprecedented heatwave, with Araçuaí in Minas Gerais reaching a
historic high temperature of 44.8C (112.6F). This extreme event is attributed to a
combination of the El Niño phenomenon and the ongoing impacts of climate change.
Climate Change and El Niño Influence
Meteorologists link the record-breaking temperature to the dual impact of the El Niño
phenomenon and the broader context of climate change. This intersection of factors
underscores the complexity of extreme weather events.
Relief Expected Amidst Scorching Temperatures
While meteorologists predict a slight relief from the intense heat in the upcoming week,
only three state capitals are expected to witness temperatures nearing 40C. The National
Institute of Meteorology (Inmet) provides insights into the anticipated changes in
temperature.
National Record Broken
Araçuaí’s temperature of 44.8C surpasses the previous national record of 44.7C set in
2005. The occurrence prompts red alerts across Brazil a month before the southern
hemisphere’s summer begins. The extreme heat has resulted in a surge in energy
consumption as individuals strive to cope with the challenging conditions.
Impacts on Energy Consumption
The soaring temperatures have led to an unprecedented surge in energy consumption, as
people employ various measures to cope with the extreme heat. This increase in demand
poses challenges for energy infrastructure and highlights the societal impacts of extreme
weather events.
Climate Change’s Role in Extreme Weather
Scientists emphasize the role of climate change in the growing frequency and intensity of
extreme weather events globally. Heatwaves, in particular, are becoming more prolonged
and severe. This trend is expected to persist as long as human activities continue to
release greenhouse gases, contributing to the planet’s warming.
El Niño Amplifies Extreme Conditions
The Earth is currently experiencing the El Niño weather phase, known for elevating global
temperatures. This natural climate phenomenon adds an extra layer of intensity to the
extreme weather conditions witnessed in Brazil, compounding the challenges faced by
communities.
Early Warning for Summer
The record-breaking heatwave serves as an early warning for the upcoming summer in
the southern hemisphere, prompting heightened awareness of the potential challenges
posed by extreme temperatures and the need for proactive measures to address climate
impacts.
Vajra Prahar 2023
A collaborative military exercise between the special forces of India and the United States,
named ‘Vajra Prahar 2023,’ has commenced at Meghalaya’s Umroi Cantonment. This
marks the 14th edition of the joint exercise, emphasizing the exchange of best practices
and experiences in areas such as joint mission planning and operational tactics, according
to a statement from a Defence spokesperson.
Participation and Leadership
The U.S. contingent participating in ‘Vajra Prahar 2023’ consists of personnel from the 1st
Special Forces Group. Meanwhile, the Indian Army contingent is led by Special Forces
personnel from the Eastern Command.
Evolution of the Exercise
Initiated in 2010, ‘Vajra Prahar’ has evolved into a recurring event, with the 13th edition
conducted at the Special Forces Training School in Himachal Pradesh’s Bakloh.
Duration and Scope
The joint exercise, scheduled until December 11, will focus on joint planning and rehearsal
of special operations, counter-terrorism operations, and airborne operations in simulated
conventional and unconventional scenarios within mountainous terrain.
Diverse Training Scenarios
Participants will engage in various exercises, including combat free-fall insertion of troops
from stand-off distances, water-borne insertion of troops, precision engagement of
targets at long ranges, combat air-controlling of fixed-wing and rotary-wing aircraft, and
airborne insertion and sustenance of troops.
Strengthening Bilateral Military Cooperation
The joint exercise not only enhances the capabilities and interoperability of the special
forces but also strengthens the bilateral military cooperation between India and the
United States.
Strategic Importance
Given the strategic location of Meghalaya’s Umroi Cantonment, the exercise holds
significance in addressing security challenges in diverse terrains and contributes to the
ongoing efforts to foster collaboration between the two nations’ military forces.
India-Australia 2+2 Ministerial Dialogue
India and Australia held the second India-Australia 2+2 Ministerial Dialogue on Monday,
focusing on elevating defence cooperation and expanding the strategic relationship in
critical sectors such as trade, investment, and critical minerals.
High-Level Participation in Dialogue
Defence Minister Rajnath Singh and External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar represented
India, while Australian Deputy Prime Minister and Defence Minister Richard Marles and
Foreign Minister Penny Wong represented Australia in the dialogue.
Broad Spectrum of Discussions
The dialogue encompassed discussions on deepening multifaceted ties between the two
nations, spanning defence and security, trade and investment, critical minerals, energy,
climate change, science and technology, space, education, and people-to-people linkages.
The agenda also included regional and global issues of mutual interest.
Historical Military Relations
Ahead of the meeting, Penny Wong and Richard Marles paid homage at the National War
Memorial, highlighting the long-standing military relations between India and Australia.
Wong acknowledged Australia’s historical collaboration with Indian troops, including joint
campaigns such as at Gallipoli.
Diverse Agenda for Future Collaboration
The 2+2 Ministerial Dialogue serves as a platform for both nations to explore avenues for
future collaboration, addressing a wide spectrum of issues crucial for regional stability,
economic growth, and shared interests.

Innovative Approach to Tackle Illegal Sand Mining in Bihar
Authorities in Bihar’s Bhojpur district have adopted a unique strategy to curb illegal sand
mining by constructing pillars in the Sone river on either side of the Arrah-Sahar bridge.
The initiative aims to impede boats from transporting illegally mined sand between
Bhojpur and Patna, addressing a persistent challenge in the region.
Hotspots of Illegal Sand Mining
Bhojpur and Patna, reporting the highest number of illegal sand mining cases in Bihar,
incur significant annual losses estimated at Rs 7,000 crore to the state exchequer. The
construction of pillars seeks to target a major means of transporting illegal sand—boats.
River Pillars as a Deterrent
Built over the past three to four months, the pillars in the Sone river act as a physical
barrier, preventing small boats from crossing under the Arrah-Sahar bridge. This strategic
move is part of ongoing efforts to combat the illicit sand trade.
Challenges in Road Transportation
While the river pillars address the water-based transportation of sand, officials
acknowledge that curbing the movement of sand-laden trucks on roads remains a
formidable challenge in the fight against illegal sand mining.
Tragic Incident Sparks Renewed Attention
The issue of sand mining gained prominence when a police sub-inspector was fatally
struck by a tractor transporting sand during a raid in Jamui district. This incident
underscored the urgency of finding effective solutions to combat illegal sand mining.
Scrutiny by National Green Tribunal (NGT)
Bhojpur, in particular, has faced scrutiny from both the police and the National Green
Tribunal (NGT), which has intermittently imposed bans on sand mining in Bihar since
2017. The authorities have been exploring various measures to enforce these regulations
and protect the environment.
Continued Vigilance along the Sone River
In May of this year, Bihar Chief Secretary Amir Subhani and DGP R S Bhatti surveyed sites
along the Sone river to identify locations for a police picket. The objective was to prevent
the movement of sand-laden trucks from Bhojpur and Patna to Saran via the Bhojpur-
Chhapra bridge, showcasing the commitment to ongoing enforcement efforts.
ICMR Study Finds No Link Between COVID-19 Vaccines and Sudden Deaths
A study conducted by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) across 39 network
hospitals in India has determined that COVID-19 vaccines are not associated with an
increased risk of sudden deaths. In fact, vaccination appears to reduce the risk of sudden
deaths, especially in apparently healthy individuals aged 18 to 45.
Reduction in Sudden Deaths Risk Post-Vaccination
The study analyzed data from 729 deaths recorded in apparently healthy individuals
between October 2021 and March 2023, comparing it to data from 2,916 healthy
individuals of the same age, gender, and living conditions. The findings reveal a significant
reduction in the risk of sudden deaths among vaccinated individuals, contradicting earlier
apprehensions.
Exoneration of Vaccines Amidst Apprehensions
Addressing concerns and reports linking deaths to vaccination, the ICMR study was
commissioned earlier this year to empirically demonstrate the absence of a link between
vaccines and sudden deaths. The study provides reassurance and evidence against such
concerns.
Impact of Severe COVID-19 on Sudden Death Risk
While the study exonerates vaccines, it highlights that severe COVID-19, requiring
hospitalization, increases the risk of sudden deaths. Those who experienced sudden
deaths were four times more likely to have had severe COVID-19. Vaccination, therefore, is
suggested as a protective shield against the severity of the infection.
Identification of Other Sudden Death Risk Factors
The study identifies various risk factors for sudden deaths, including a family history of
sudden death, smoking, binge drinking, and vigorous intensity exercises. A family history
of sudden death, smoking habits, binge drinking 48 hours before a cardiac event, and
vigorous physical activity 48 hours prior to an episode are linked to increased risks of
sudden death.
Consistency with Known Risk Factors
Medical experts endorse the study’s findings, noting that identified risk factors align with
established knowledge. Factors such as family history, smoking, binge drinking, and
engaging in unfamiliar intense physical activities have long been associated with sudden
deaths.
COVID-19’s Impact on Heart Health
While the study acknowledges that the pathways through which COVID-19 may cause
sudden deaths are not well-understood, it references global studies indicating that the
infection might contribute to heart disease and stroke through various mechanisms. The
virus’s potential to attack heart muscle cells and blood vessel linings is highlighted.
Comprehensive ICMR Studies on COVID-19
This study is part of a series conducted by ICMR, emphasizing its commitment to
understanding the impact of COVID-19 and associated factors. Other studies include the
outcomes of COVID-19 hospitalizations and an investigation into clotting events following
vaccination in the 18 to 45 age group.
UGC to Revise National Eligibility Test (NET) Syllabus
The University Grants Commission (UGC) is set to revise the syllabus for the National
Eligibility Test (NET), announced UGC Chairman Jagadesh Kumar. He assured that
candidates appearing for NET would be given sufficient time before the implementation of
the revised syllabus.
Background and Reason for Revision
The UGC initiated the process of updating the syllabi for UGC-National Eligibility Test
(UGC-NET) subjects in 2017. However, with the introduction of the National Education
Policy (NEP) in 2020, significant developments in higher education, emphasizing

multidisciplinary curricula and holistic education, prompted the need for a revision.
Expert Panel Formation
In a meeting earlier this month, the UGC decided to undertake the exercise of updating
the syllabi for UGC-NET subjects. To facilitate this, an expert committee will be formed by
the UGC to oversee the revision process.
UGC-NET Overview
The National Testing Agency (NTA) conducts the UGC-NET for Junior Research Fellowship
(JRF). Held twice a year, usually in June and December, UGC-NET covers 83 subjects. The
examination serves as an eligibility test for the appointment of assistant professors in
Humanities and Social Sciences, including Indian and foreign languages, as well as certain
science subjects.
UGC’s Role in Higher Education
The UGC, established in 1953, is a statutory organization of the Government of India
responsible for coordinating, determining, and maintaining standards of teaching,
examination, and research in university education. The commission plays a crucial role in
shaping the quality and standards of higher education in the country.
Uttar Pradesh Government Launches Safe City Project
The Uttar Pradesh government has initiated the Safe City Project, a comprehensive
surveillance initiative aimed at bolstering security. The project includes the installation of
CCTV cameras at entry and exit points of 17 municipal corporations, government and non-
government educational institutions, and private coaching institutes in Gautam Buddha
Nagar.
Focus on Educational Institutions
As part of the Safe City Project, the government has identified 17 municipal corporations
and 2500 schools in Gautam Buddha Nagar for the installation of CCTV cameras. In the
initial phase, 1,692 schools are already equipped with cameras, covering classrooms,
corridors, and entry/exit points. A total of 26,568 CCTVs have been installed in various
educational institutions, including government, aided, and unaided schools.
Surveillance in Higher Educational Institutions
Under the project, 5,505 cameras have been installed in 162 higher educational
institutions, comprising state degree/PG colleges, aided degree/PG colleges, unaided
degree/PG colleges, and state universities. The comprehensive surveillance covers
classrooms and key areas in these institutions.
Monitoring Private Coaching Institutes
Private coaching institutes in Gautam Buddha Nagar are under close scrutiny to prevent
potential disturbances and incidents of molestation. The government has issued
guidelines for the safety of girls in these institutes, restricting late evening classes. The
project aims to create a secure environment for students attending coaching institutes.
Integration with Smart City Control Room
The CCTV cameras installed in schools, colleges, and coaching institutes will be integrated
with the control room of the smart city by the Urban Development Department. This
integration enhances real-time monitoring and response capabilities.
Ongoing Installation Efforts
While a significant number of cameras have already been installed, the installation
process is ongoing in remaining schools and coaching institutes. The government is
prioritizing the swift implementation of the Safe City Project to ensure the safety and
security of citizens, particularly students.
ICRA Forecasts Sequential Moderation in India's GDP Growth to 7% in Q2 FY2024
ICRA, the rating agency, predicts a sequential moderation in India’s GDP growth to 7% in
the July-September 2023 quarter, down from 7.8% in Q1 FY2024. Despite the moderation,
the second-quarter expansion is expected to surpass the Monetary Policy Committee’s
(MPC) projection of 6.5%.
Gross Value Added (GVA) Growth Estimates
The Gross Value Added (GVA) growth is anticipated to ease to 6.8% in Q2 FY2024, with the
services sector and agriculture contributing to the deceleration. The normalizing base and
erratic monsoon are cited as factors leading to the sequential moderation in GDP growth.
Factors Impacting Future Growth
ICRA points out potential factors impacting future GDP growth, including uneven rainfall,
narrowing commodity price differentials, a potential slowdown in government capex
nearing parliamentary elections, weak external demand, and the cumulative impact of
monetary tightening.
Full-Year GDP Growth Estimate and Investment Activity
The full-year GDP growth estimate by ICRA is maintained at 6.0%, lower than the MPC’s
projection of 6.5%. Robust investment activity is noted in Q2 FY2024, with improvements in
seven of the 11 investment-related indicators compared to Q1 FY2024.
Industrial GVA Growth and Sectoral Performance
The industrial GVA growth is estimated to rise to 6.6% in Q2 FY2024, driven by
manufacturing, electricity, and mining. Manufacturing is expected to witness an uptick,
supported by higher volumes and ongoing tailwinds from commodity prices. Electricity
generation saw double-digit expansion, benefiting from increased demand.
Services and Agriculture GVA Growth Expectations
Services GVA y-o-y growth is projected to moderate to 8.2% in Q2 FY2024, down from
10.3% in Q1 FY2024, attributed to a normalizing base. Agriculture, forestry, and fishing
growth are estimated to dip sharply to 1.0% in Q2 FY2024 due to a decline in Kharif crop
output.
Forward-Looking Concerns and Conclusion
ICRA expresses concerns about uneven rainfall, commodity prices, potential government
capex slowdown, weak external demand, and the cumulative impact of monetary
tightening affecting H2 FY2024 GDP growth. The rating agency maintains a cautious
outlook, emphasizing the need for ongoing monitoring and assessment.
Rare Metal Tantalum Discovered in Punjab Soil

A team led by Dr. Resmi Sebastian, assistant professor at the institute’s Civil Engineering
Department, has discovered tantalum, a rare metal, in Punjab soil. This discovery holds
significance not only for Punjab but for India, given tantalum’s widespread use in
electronics and semiconductors.
Properties of Tantalum
Atomic Number and Characteristics: Tantalum, with the atomic number 73, is a
grey, heavy, and highly corrosion-resistant metal. It is known for its hardness and
ductility, allowing it to be stretched into thin wires without breaking.
Corrosion Resistance: Tantalum’s corrosion resistance is attributed to the
formation of a highly resistant oxide layer when exposed to air.
Chemical Immunity: It is almost completely immune to chemical attack at
temperatures below 150°C and is attacked only by specific corrosive substances,
such as hydrofluoric acid and certain acidic solutions.
Discovery and Name Origin
Discovery: Discovered in 1802 by Swedish chemist Anders Gustaf Ekenberg in
minerals obtained from Ytterby, Sweden. Initially, it was thought to be a different
form of niobium.
Confirmation: The distinction between tantalum and niobium was confirmed by
Swiss chemist Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in 1866.
Name Origin: Named after the Greek mythological figure Tantalus due to its
insolubility in acids, drawing a parallel to Tantalus’ inability to drink water or pick
fruit in the underworld.
Uses of Tantalum
1. Electronics: Tantalum capacitors are crucial in electronic devices, storing more
electricity in smaller sizes without leakage.
2. Substitute for Platinum: Tantalum’s high melting point makes it a cost-effective
substitute for platinum in various applications.
3. Industrial Applications: Used in chemical plants, nuclear power plants, aircraft,
missiles, and surgical equipment.
4. Cutting-Edge Material: Composite materials like tantalum carbide (TaC) and
graphite, known for extreme hardness, are used in high-speed machine tool cutting
edges.
NASA's Atmospheric Waves Experiment (AWE)
NASA is set to launch the Atmospheric Waves Experiment (AWE), a pioneering mission
aimed at studying the interactions between terrestrial and space weather. This $42 million
mission, planned under NASA’s Heliophysics Explorers Program, will focus on
understanding the impact of waves in the lower layers of Earth’s atmosphere on the
upper atmosphere and space weather.
Understanding Space Weather
Significance: Space weather refers to the environmental conditions in space as
influenced by the Sun’s activities, including solar flares and emissions. It directly
affects crucial installations on Earth, such as satellite-based communication, radio
communication, navigation systems, and power grids.
Influence of Terrestrial Weather: Besides solar activities, space weather is also
influenced by terrestrial weather, creating a dynamic and interconnected system.
The Role of Gravity Waves
Definition: Gravity waves are vertical waves, specifically Atmospheric Gravity Waves
(AGW), generated during extreme weather events or sudden disturbances, causing
vertical displacement of stable air.
Formation: Stable atmospheres play a crucial role in generating gravity waves. The
temperature difference between rising air and the atmosphere creates forces,
leading to a wave-like pattern.
Impact on Space Weather: AGWs move through stable layers of the atmosphere,
contributing to space weather. Understanding these waves is vital for improving
weather forecasts and comprehending their broader impacts.
Atmospheric Waves Experiment (AWE)
Objective: AWE aims to study the links between waves in the lower atmosphere and
their impact on the upper atmosphere and space weather.
Launch and Mounting: The $42 million mission will be launched and mounted on
the International Space Station (ISS), providing a vantage point to observe Earth’s
lower atmosphere.
Instrumentation: AWE features an Advanced Mesospheric Temperature Mapper
(ATMT) with four identical telescopes to scan the mesopause, capturing airglow
patterns.
Measurement: The ATMT will measure the brightness of light at specific
wavelengths, converting the data into a temperature map. This information will offer
insights into airglow movements and their role in the upper atmosphere and space
weather.
India Develops Sea Protocols to Boost Export of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables
India is actively developing sea protocols for the export of various fresh fruits and
vegetables like bananas, mangoes, pomegranates, and jackfruit. This strategic move aims
to promote exports through ocean routes, offering cost advantages and accommodating
larger volumes compared to air routes.
Key Developments
1. Current Scenario: Presently, most exports of perishable goods occur through air
routes due to lower volumes and varying ripening periods.
2. Protocol Development: The sea protocols being developed encompass factors such
as voyage time, scientific understanding of ripening processes, optimal harvesting
times, and farmer training. Protocols will be tailored for different fruits and
vegetables.
3. Advantages of Sea Route: Shipments through sea routes offer two significant
advantages—cost-effectiveness and the capacity to handle larger volumes, making it

a favorable option for promoting agricultural exports.
4. Addressing Challenges: High freight costs associated with air cargo have posed a
challenge to Indian agri exports. The shift to sea routes aims to improve price
competitiveness and enhance the export potential of perishable commodities.
5. APEDA Initiatives: The Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export
Development Authority (APEDA), in collaboration with stakeholders, has initially
developed sea protocols for bananas. Trial shipments are underway to Rotterdam,
the Netherlands.
6. Export Potential: A successful implementation of sea protocols is anticipated to
substantially increase export volumes of fresh fruits and vegetables. The initiative
aligns with the goal of diversifying export channels and reducing dependence on air
cargo.
7. Global Market Dynamics: India, despite being the world’s largest banana producer,
holds only a 1% share in the global market. Enhancing export capabilities can
contribute significantly to global trade in agri products.
8. Collaborative Efforts: For the trial shipment of bananas, collaboration involves
technical support from ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, marketing
and distribution partnerships with companies like Del Monte, and logistics support
from Maersk.
West Bengal's Policies Unveiled at Bengal Global Business Summit 2023
In a momentous announcement at the Bengal Global Business Summit 2023, Chief
Minister Mamata Banerjee revealed a comprehensive set of policies aimed at propelling
the state’s economic growth. The policies encompass a diverse range of initiatives, from
doubling exports to fostering renewable energy manufacturing and upgrading logistics.
Key Initiatives Unveiled
1. Export Doubling Strategy
Mamata Banerjee laid out ambitious plans to double Bengal’s exports, signaling a robust
commitment to bolster the state’s economic standing on the global stage.
2. Logistics Modernization
A pivotal aspect of the announced policies is the modernization of logistics. The state
envisions an advanced and efficient logistics framework to enhance trade and commerce.
3. Renewable Energy Promotion
Recognizing the importance of sustainable practices, the Chief Minister introduced
policies to promote the manufacturing of renewable energy, aligning Bengal with the
global shift towards clean energy.
4. Bio-Fuels Promotion
As part of the state’s commitment to environmental sustainability, a specific policy
promoting the use and production of bio-fuels was announced.
5. Strengthening Internet Connectivity
To address the need for improved internet connectivity in the eastern region, a new sub-
sea cable landing station at the sea-resort of Digha was revealed, reflecting Bengal’s focus
on technological advancement.
Economic Growth and Industrial Corridors
1. Impressive Economic Growth
Mamata Banerjee shared the encouraging news that Bengal’s economy is growing at a
remarkable rate of 8.41%, with projections indicating a fiscal turnover of USD 212 billion.
2. New Industrial Corridors
Highlighting the state’s commitment to industrial development, four new industrial
corridors were announced. These include Dankuni-Kalyani, Tajpur port-Raghunathpur,
Dankuni-Jhargram, and Durgapur to Cooch Behar in north Bengal.
Showcasing Bengal’s Strengths and Opportunities
1. MSME and Employment Landscape
Banerjee underscored Bengal’s economic vitality by noting the presence of 90 lakh MSME
units, employing a significant workforce of 1.3 crore people.
2. Expanding Leather Manufacturing and IT Hubs
The Chief Minister highlighted ongoing efforts to expand Bengal’s leather manufacturing
complex, positioning it as the largest in Asia. Additionally, the state boasts one of the
country’s largest IT hubs.
Brand Ambassador of Bengal: Sourav Ganguly
In a significant and culturally resonant move, Mamata Banerjee declared former cricketer
and ex-president of the Board of Control for Cricket in India, Sourav Ganguly, as the
“Brand Ambassador of Bengal.” Acknowledging Ganguly’s widespread popularity and his
potential to inspire the younger generation, Banerjee expressed her intent to leverage his
influence positively.
Global Participation in Bengal Global Business Summit 2023
The Bengal Global Business Summit, a widely attended annual event, witnessed the
participation of several hundred companies from 17 countries, including the UK, US,
Australia, Korea, Japan, Germany, and France. The summit serves as a testament to
Bengal’s global economic engagement and collaborative spirit.
JUICE Probe's Groundbreaking Journey to Jupiter: A Double Gravity Assist
The European Space Agency’s (ESA) Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE) probe is embarking
on an unprecedented journey, utilizing a double gravity assist from Earth and the Moon to
propel itself towards Jupiter. Launched earlier this year, the spacecraft’s primary mission
is to study Jupiter along with its three intriguing moons – Ganymede, Callisto, and Europa.
Setting the Stage with Critical Maneuvers
In a significant development last week, the JUICE probe executed its “largest and most
important manoeuvres” during its eight-year journey to Jupiter. This 43-minute burn,
consuming around 10% of the probe’s entire fuel reserve, aimed to change its orbit
around the Sun in preparation for the upcoming Earth-Moon double gravity assist next
summer. The maneuver utilized approximately 363 kilograms of fuel, marking a crucial
step in the probe’s trajectory adjustment.

First-of-Its-Kind Flyby
The November 17 maneuver was the first part of a two-step process. In this unique flyby,
the probe initially passed by the Moon to gain momentum, followed by a subsequent
Earth flyby a day and a half later. Schwartz highlighted that the initial burn accomplished
95% of the required velocity change, a notable achievement considering JUICE’s
substantial weight of around 6000 kg.
Challenges of Gravity Assist
Gravity assist, a technique harnessing a planet’s gravitational field for a speed boost,
presents challenges. The spacecraft must navigate the planet’s gravitational field at a
precisely calibrated point to achieve a “slingshot effect.” This demands meticulous timing,
speed, and direction alignment as JUICE approaches the Earth-Moon system.
What Lies Ahead?
Although a substantial part of the trajectory adjustment is complete, a second, smaller
maneuver is planned to fine-tune JUICE’s path for the Earth-Moon gravity assist. This two-
step approach allows engineers to rectify any inaccuracies from the first burn.
Additionally, a smaller maneuver in May 2024, using Juice’s thrusters, will provide the final
adjustments during the probe’s approach to Earth.
JUICE Mission Overview
The JUICE spacecraft, successfully launched on April 14 from French Guiana, aims to
conduct detailed observations of Jupiter and its three ocean-bearing moons. Equipped
with remote sensing, geophysical, and in situ instruments, JUICE’s mission is set to unfold,
with significant observations expected after 2031 due to the vast distance between Earth
and Jupiter.
Scientists Detect Radiation from Extra-Galactic Black Hole Source
Researchers from the U. R. Rao Satellite Centre (URSC) of ISRO and the Indian Institute of
Technology Guwahati (IITG) have achieved a groundbreaking feat by detecting radiation
from an extra-galactic black hole source. This unprecedented discovery, made possible
through X-ray polarimetry, sheds light on the previously unknown aspects of extragalactic
black holes, offering insights into the underlying physical processes.
Exploring the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC)
The radiation emanates from the vicinity of an extragalactic black hole situated in the
Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), a smaller companion galaxy to the Milky Way. This marks
the first time such emissions have been identified using X-ray polarimetry, presenting a
significant leap in understanding the enigmatic nature of black hole sources.
The Unique Binary System: LMC X-3
At the center of this discovery is the binary system known as LMC X-3, comprising a black
hole and a remarkably hot, large, and massive normal star—surpassing the Sun in size.
Discovered by an orbiting X-ray telescope in 1971, LMC X-3 has been a subject of study for
decades. The recent breakthrough comes courtesy of the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry
Explorer (IXPE), NASA’s pioneering mission launched in 2021, designed specifically to
study the polarization of X-rays from celestial objects.

New Insights Through X-ray Polarimetry
The researchers from IITG and URSC leveraged IXPE to investigate the X-ray polarization
properties of LMC X-3, positioning it as an ideal cosmic laboratory. The results are marked
by the detection of significant polarized emissions, believed to be a result of combined
direct and/or reflected emissions from a partially ionized disc atmosphere. This novel
approach using X-ray polarimetry provides a more sophisticated understanding of
emission processes and object geometry.
Spin Analysis and Source Characteristics
In addition to the polarization findings, the scientists measured the spin of the black hole.
Analyzing observations from the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER)
Mission and Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) Mission, they determined
that the black hole exhibits a weakly rotating nature.
November 23, 2023
Gujarat Government Chooses the Ghol as the State Fish
In a significant move, the Gujarat government has selected the ghol as its official state
fish, emphasizing both its economic importance and distinctiveness. This decision is part
of the state’s commitment to contribute to the conservation of this rare fish species,
primarily found in the vast Indo-Pacific region extending from the Persian Gulf to the
Pacific Ocean.
Alternatives Considered
Before finalizing the ghol as the state fish, a consultative process involving representatives
from all districts considered other contenders. Ribbon fish, pomfret, and Bombay Duck
were among the species evaluated for the prestigious designation.
Understanding the Economic Significance
Although not widely consumed locally due to its high cost, the ghol holds substantial
commercial importance. Experts reveal that the fish commands a significant market share
in China and various other countries. Fishermen consider catching the ghol a lucrative
endeavor, given its status as a delicacy in many places and its medicinal uses in some
cultures.
The Ghol’s Market Presence
The ghol’s meat is exported as frozen fillet or whole fish to European and Middle-Eastern
countries. Its dried air bladder, extracted from the stomach, is particularly sought after in
China, Hong Kong, and other Asian nations due to its medicinal properties. The air bladder
alone can fetch impressive amounts, reaching as high as Rs25,000 per kilogram in the
export market.
Economic Impact on Fishermen
The economic allure of the ghol is evident in its market prices. In Gujarat, a kilogram of
ghol can fetch anywhere between Rs5,000 to Rs15,000. The dried air bladder, being the
most expensive component, contributes significantly to the export revenue. According to
Visavadia, a single ghol fish can weigh as much as 25 kilograms, making each catch a
potentially lucrative endeavor for local fishermen.

Gujarat’s Fish Export Landscape
In the fiscal year 2021-22, Gujarat recorded a total fish production of 8.74 lakh tonnes,
valued at Rs 11,221 crore. Of this, 2.3 lakh tonnes of fish and fish products, worth Rs 5,233
crore, were exported. This underscores the vital role of the fishing industry in Gujarat’s
economy and highlights the significance of the ghol’s inclusion as the state fish.
New 'Music Frog' Species Discovered in Arunachal Pradesh
In a groundbreaking discovery, scientists have identified a new species of ‘music frog’ in
the lush landscapes of Arunachal Pradesh. This finding, based on comprehensive analysis
involving morphological, molecular, and acoustic evidence, sheds light on a previously
unrecognized member of the Nidirana genus.
Distinct Features of the Noa-Dihing Music Frog
The scientists, Bitupan Boruah, V Deepak, and Abhijit Das, detailed their findings in an
article published in the November 15 edition of the journal Zootaxa. The newly discovered
frog, scientifically known as Nidirana noadihing, exhibits distinct phenotypic
characteristics that set it apart from its congeners.
Morphological Traits: The Noa-Dihing Music Frog boasts a ‘robust’ body, with
males measuring approximately 1.8 to 2.3 inches and females ranging from about
2.4 to 2.6 inches. Their ’rounded’ snouts and ‘smooth’ skin, adorned with bony
protrusions on their backs, contribute to their unique appearance.
Coloration: These amphibians showcase a striking color palette, featuring a ‘pale
cream’ line bordered with dark brown along the center of their bodies. Light brown
limbs, adorned with dark stripes, further enhance their visual distinctiveness.
Habitat: The frogs were discovered nestled within vegetation in shallow pools of
water, with male frogs emitting loud calls. Additional specimens were found in
nearby marshy areas, the edges of a newly constructed pond, and along the side of a
nearby road.
Naming the Species: A Tribute to the Noa-Dihing River
The new species received its name, Nidirana noadihing, as a homage to the Noa-Dihing
River, the vicinity where these unique specimens were encountered and collected during
field surveys conducted between August and September of the previous year.
Significance of the Discovery
This discovery marks the first confirmation of the Nidirana genus’s presence in India,
expanding its known habitat beyond regions in Japan, Taiwan, China, Vietnam, Laos, and
Thailand. The researchers stress the importance of exploring specialized habitats like
marshlands, often overlooked, in uncovering new species.
Unique Vocalization and Other Characteristics
Noa-Dihing Music Frogs are distinguished not only by their size but also by their oval toe
tips, the tubercles on their backs, and a distinctive call. The irregularly shaped and sized
spots on their eyelids, along with dark stripes around their moderately large eyes,
contribute to their unique visual features.
Conservation Implications
The discovery underscores the significance of continued exploration and conservation
efforts in specialized habitats. The researchers emphasize the importance of marshlands
and similar environments in unveiling the rich biodiversity that may be hidden within
these often-neglected ecosystems.
Unraveling the Mysteries of Amyloidosis: Scientists Create 2D Lysozyme Protein Monolayer
In a significant breakthrough, scientists from the Institute of Advanced Study in Science
and Technology, Guwahati (IASST), an autonomous institute under the Department of
Science and Technology (DST) in North-East India, have successfully fabricated a 2D
protein monolayer using lysozyme molecules. Lysozyme, a crucial protein found in
mucosal secretions and a principal component of airway fluid, serves as a model protein
for understanding diseases like Amyloidosis.
Understanding Amyloidosis: A Rare Disease with Multi-Organ Impact
Amyloidosis is a rare condition characterized by the accumulation of a protein called
amyloid in various organs. This buildup can adversely affect the functioning of vital organs
such as the heart, kidneys, liver, spleen, nervous system, and digestive tract, ultimately
leading to multi-organ dysfunction.
Lysozyme as a Model Protein in Disease Study
Lysozyme’s significance lies in its role as a model protein for studying Amyloidosis. The
misfolding and agglomeration of lysozyme molecules are implicated in the development
of Amyloidosis, making it a valuable subject for scientific inquiry.
Innovative Fabrication of 2D Protein Monolayer
Led by Dr. Sarathi Kundu, Associate Professor at IASST, the research team, in collaboration
with junior Research Fellow Himadri Nath, achieved the fabrication of a 2D protein
monolayer by assembling lysozyme molecules at the interface of a pure aqueous
subphase. The technique employed for this innovative creation is known as the Langmuir-
Blodgett (LB) technique, offering a unique platform to study the behavior of lysozyme
molecules at both air-water and air-solid interfaces.
Insights into Lysozyme Behavior
The study, recently published in the esteemed RSC Advances under the RSC publishers,
delved into the physical properties of lysozyme molecules at the air-water interface. The
research explored the compressible behavior of lysozyme monolayers, revealing the
formation of stripe-like domains with increasing surface pressure. The investigation,
conducted under varying subphase pH conditions, provided valuable insights into the
structural and conformational changes of lysozyme molecules.
Applications and Future Implications
The closely packed lysozyme monolayers generated through the LB method present an
exciting avenue for studying diverse chemical and physical properties in a 2D protein
environment. Additionally, the deposited LB films of lysozyme hold potential as protein
nanotemplates, offering opportunities for the crystallization of proteins of interest.
Unprecedented Pest Infestation Devastates Paddy Crops in Assam

Continuous warm temperatures in Assam have been identified as a key factor behind a
severe pest infestation that has wreaked havoc on approximately 28,000 hectares of
paddy crops across at least 15 districts. The affected crops, on the verge of maturity and
ready for harvest, fell victim to the Mythimna separata, commonly known as the ear head
cutting caterpillar, rice ear-cutting caterpillar, or armyworm.
Pest Behavior and Impact
The Mythimna separata is notorious for feeding on leaves and cutting off panicles at the
base of crop plants, often leaving fields resembling areas grazed by livestock. During an
outbreak, these pests multiply rapidly, forming swarms that move from field to field,
resembling an army attacking crops. Although the presence of these pests has been
reported in Assam for several years, the recent attack is unprecedented in scale, largely
attributed to prolonged periods of elevated temperatures.
Climate Change Connection
Experts noted that increased temperatures coupled with dry conditions create favorable
conditions for the rapid proliferation of pest populations. On November 22, temperatures
in seven districts, for which data was available, were above normal. In Guwahati, the
maximum temperature was recorded at 31.4 degrees Celsius, 4.5 degrees above the
normal average for this time of year.
Global Climate Change Impact on Pests
Research indicates that a warming world, marked by changes in both temperature and
rainfall patterns, significantly influences the spread and behavior of pests and diseases. A
2017 study highlighted that even small rises in global temperatures could lead to a
reduction in the lifecycle of insects, resulting in higher pest populations, increased
generations, expanded geographical range, and an extended development season.
Assam’s Crop Catastrophe and Future Concerns
While reports of damage caused by the ear head cutting caterpillar surfaced in 2016, the
current infestation stands out due to its unprecedented scale and timing. The attack
occurred at the final stage of crop development, leaving no room for recovery, according
to Mridul Deka. Farmers across half of the state have suffered substantial losses.
Antarctic Ozone Hole Grows Larger and Thinner, Defying Recovery Trends
A new study reveals alarming changes in the Antarctic ozone hole, indicating not only a
significant increase in size but also a concerning thinning trend during most of the spring.
Despite earlier signs of recovery since the 2000s, the ozone hole over Antarctica has
expanded notably in the last four years, as highlighted in a study published in Nature
Communications.
Unprecedented Growth and Thinning
The study underscores that the Antarctic ozone hole, once on a path to recovery, has
experienced substantial expansion and thinning in recent years. The research reveals a
reduction in ozone concentration at the center of the ozone hole, indicating a significant
thinning of the ozone layer.
Extended Large Holes Since 2020
While the ozone layer was anticipated to recover within four decades, the ozone hole has
shown remarkable enlargement in the years 2020-2022. The extent and duration of the
ozone hole in 2022 were notably similar to the large holes observed in 2020 and 2021. This
concerning trend has persisted into 2023, with NASA reporting the 16th largest hole on
record from September 7 to October 13, covering an area approximately the size of North
America.
Unraveling the Causes
Analysts are investigating various factors influencing the ozone hole’s size and behavior.
While meteorological conditions, springtime temperature, wind patterns, aerosols from
wildfires and volcanic eruptions, and changes in the solar cycle have been considered, the
study suggests that other complex factors may be at play.
Intricate Links to Climate Dynamics
The Antarctic ozone hole’s fluctuations are intricately connected to the climate and
dynamics of the Southern Hemisphere. The researchers noted that the recent large ozone
holes impacted previous trends toward ozone recovery, prompting a deeper investigation
into the worsening depletion observed in the last four years.
Unanswered Questions and Future Research
The study highlights the need for further research to understand the mechanisms
influencing the Antarctic ozone hole. The polar vortex, a circular pattern of wind in the
stratosphere, plays a crucial role in ozone chemistry. The team plans to investigate the
descent of air from the mesosphere, explore its impact on ozone chemistry, and
determine potential effects on the ozone hole’s future.
Montreal Protocol and Ongoing Challenges
Despite the reduction of nearly 99% of banned ozone-depleting substances as per the
2022 Montreal Protocol assessment, the ozone hole’s unexpected growth raises concerns.
The study emphasizes the urgency of unraveling the intricate dynamics of the Antarctic
ozone hole to better comprehend and address the challenges posed by its recent trends.
CCRAS Launches “Ayurveda Gyan Naipunya Initiative” (AGNI)
The Central Council for Research in Ayurveda Sciences (CCRAS), under the Ministry of
Ayush, has introduced the “Ayurveda Gyan Naipunya Initiative” (AGNI) to bolster
research, scientific validation, and evidence-based practices in Ayurveda. The initiative
invites qualified Ayurveda practitioners to express their interest in contributing to the
project by submitting the Expression of Interest by December 15, 2023.
Aims of AGNI Project
Prof Rabinarayanan Acharya, Director General of CCRAS, outlined the objectives of the
AGNI project. The initiative aims to create a platform for Ayurveda practitioners to share
their innovative practices and experiences in treating various disease conditions. It seeks
to foster a culture of evidence-based practice among Ayurveda practitioners while
undertaking research for mainstreaming pragmatic practices through scientific validation
and evidence-based appraisal.
Process and Collaboration
Interested Ayurveda practitioners can submit their Expression of Interest using the format
available on the CCRAS website. The initiative plans to document and publish reported
medical practices and therapeutic regimens for educational and academic purposes in
consultation with the National Council for Indian Systems of Medicine (NCISM).
Additionally, further research studies may be conducted by CCRAS to scientifically validate
and mainstream reported medical practices in collaboration with practitioners and
relevant institutes/organizations.
Scope and Impact
With over 500,000 registered Ayurveda practitioners, AGNI aims to harness the wealth of
knowledge and experience within the Ayurveda community. The initiative aligns with
CCRAS’s commitment to promoting research on scientific lines in Ayurveda. It follows
other recent programs initiated by CCRAS, such as the Studentship Program for Ayurveda
Research Ken (SPARK), Scheme for Training in Ayurveda Research for PG Scholars (PG-
STAR), and Scope for Mainstreaming Ayurveda Research in Teaching Professionals
(SMART).
Global Recognition of Ayurveda
In recent times, Ayurveda interventions have proven successful in managing new disease
conditions, both acute and chronic, that are not explicitly addressed in classical Ayurvedic
texts. The field has gained global recognition, particularly for its efficacy in managing
adverse effects of synthetic drugs and procedures. The AGNI initiative aims to contribute
to the continued growth and recognition of evidence-based Ayurvedic practices on the
global stage.
Indian Armed Forces Contingent Heads for Joint Military Exercise AUSTRAHIND-23
An Indian Armed Forces contingent comprising 81 personnel has departed for Australia to
participate in the second edition of the Joint Military Exercise AUSTRAHIND-23. The
exercise is scheduled to take place in Perth, Australia, from November 22 to December 6.
The Ministry of Defence (MoD) highlighted that the joint exercise aims to facilitate the
exchange of ideas and the joint rehearsal of tactics, techniques, and procedures for
tactical operations.
Training Objectives and Curriculum
The exercise’s training curriculum includes various aspects such as sniper firing, joint
operation of surveillance and communication equipment to enhance situational
awareness, casualty management, evacuation procedures, and tactical actions at
Company/Battalion levels. The joint exercise is expected to strengthen understanding and
cooperation between the Indian and Australian militaries.
Promoting Defense Cooperation
The MoD emphasized that the exercise serves to promote collaborative partnerships,
share best practices, and enhance interoperability between the two armed forces. The
participants will engage in multi-domain operations in urban and semi-urban terrains,
aligning with Chapter VII of the United Nations on peacekeeping operations.
Composition of the Contingent
The Indian Army contingent consists of 60 personnel from a Battalion of the GORKHA
Rifles. Additionally, one officer from the Indian Navy and 20 personnel from the Indian Air
Force will participate. On the Australian side, the contingent comprises 60 personnel from
the 13th Brigade, with 20 members each from the Royal Australian Navy and Royal
Australian Air Force.
Annual Training Event
Exercise AUSTRAHIND was established in 2022, and the inaugural edition took place in
Mahajan, Rajasthan, India. It is designed to be an annual training event alternately
conducted in India and Australia, fostering ongoing cooperation and understanding
between the armed forces of the two friendly nations.
India Hosts ASEAN-India Millets Festival in Jakarta
India has launched a five-day “ASEAN-India Millets Festival” in Jakarta, Indonesia, aimed at
raising awareness about millets as a farmer-friendly and sustainable food choice.
Organized by the Indian Mission to ASEAN and the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’
Welfare, the festival features a millet-centric exhibition with participation from Millet-
based Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs), start-ups, and Indian chefs.
Objectives of the Festival
1. Promoting Millets: The festival seeks to create a market for millets and millets-
based products among the 10-member ASEAN bloc, fostering awareness and
understanding of the benefits of millets.
2. Culinary Diversity: The event aims to celebrate cultural and culinary diversity,
showcasing sustainable millet practices for a healthier future.
Significance and Context
Food Security: The festival aligns with the joint statements adopted during the
ASEAN-India Summit, emphasizing food security. Millets are recognized as an
important element for ensuring food security.
Comprehensive Strategic Partnership: The event reflects the effective
collaboration within the comprehensive strategic partnership between ASEAN and
India.
International Year of Millets
India led the UN General Assembly Resolution to declare the year 2023 as the
‘International Year of Millets.’ This initiative aims to address food security challenges,
promote sustainable millet production, and highlight the potential for new market
opportunities.
Millets as a Sustainable Solution
Millets can grow on arid lands with minimal inputs, making them resilient to climate
change. They offer a sustainable solution for countries to increase self-sufficiency and
reduce dependence on imported cereal grains.
Live Cooking Workshop and Exhibitions
The festival includes a live cooking workshop featuring celebrity chefs from India and
Indonesia, showcasing the culinary potential of millets. The exhibition features Millet-
based FPOs, start-ups, and Indian chefs presenting a variety of millet-added products.
Collaborative Efforts
The festival provides a platform for collaboration between ASEAN countries, promoting
the exchange of ideas, cultural diversity, and sustainable millet practices.
Global Impact
India’s proactive efforts to promote millets, both nationally and internationally, contribute
to addressing global hunger, promoting nutrient-rich foods, and supporting
environmentally sustainable agriculture practices.
Centre Plans Special Cell to Monitor Food Prices
To strengthen the monitoring of essential commodities and contain food inflation, the
Indian government is considering the creation of a special cell under the Department of
Food and Public Distribution. The proposed cell would focus on analyzing prices of key
food items such as food grains, pulses, wheat, rice, maize, and others. The interministerial
committee (IMC), which currently reviews essential commodities’ prices, would benefit
from the specialized cell, which will alert authorities to significant variations in domestic
and international food prices.
Key Points
1. IMC’s Role: The IMC, headed by Home Minister Amit Shah, has been reviewing
essential commodities’ prices and policies weekly since 2017. However, the proposed
special cell would enhance the analysis capabilities and provide timely alerts.
2. Scope of Special Cell: The special cell is expected to focus on comprehensive
analysis, covering wheat, rice, maize, and other food items, expanding the scope
beyond the existing focus on edible oils and sugar, which are tracked separately.
3. Preventive Measures: The government has implemented measures to curb food
inflation, including export bans on essential commodities like rice. A dedicated cell
would provide additional analytical support for making informed decisions.
4. Concerns Ahead of Elections: With general elections approaching, the government
is keen on monitoring and controlling food prices to address concerns related to
inflation, particularly in essential food items.
5. Request for Economic Service Officers: The creation of the special cell involves a
request for the posting of additional director (AD) or deputy director (DD)-level
economic service officers with expertise in econometric modeling and analysis.
Inter Command Ocean Sailing Race 2023
In a vibrant celebration of maritime skill and adventure, the Indian Navy kicked off the
second edition of the Inter Command Ocean Sailing Race 2023 from Kochi to Goa in a
grand ceremony at Naval Base, Kochi on November 22, 2023.
Four Vessels, One Adventure
The race features four 40-footer Indian Naval Sailing Vessels (INSVs) named Bulbul,
Neelkanth, Kadalpur, and Hariyal, promising an exhilarating journey in the Arabian Sea.
Each sailboat is crewed by eight personnel from three Naval commands and a combined
team of Andaman & Nicobar Command and NHQ.

Breaking Barriers: Mixed Crew and Gender Neutrality
This edition of the race is distinct as it includes a mixed crew comprising both men and
women officers and sailors, symbolizing gender neutrality and providing equal
opportunity to all. Thirty-two participants will face the challenges at sea, each vying for the
coveted title as their vessels navigate through the dynamic currents and strong winds of
the Arabian Sea.
Organizers and Coordination
The sailing race is organized by the Southern Naval Command under the aegis of the
Indian Naval Sailing Association (INSA) based at Naval Headquarters, New Delhi. The
backdrop of Kochi’s coastal beauty sets the stage for a spectacular display of seamanship
and navigational prowess by seasoned sailors.
Wind-Powered Journey to Goa
The participating boats are expected to skillfully leverage the winds and proceed to Goa
without the use of engines, covering a distance of 360 nautical miles. Prior to the race, an
Ocean Sailing Clinic was organized for the participating teams at Kochi from November
14-19, 2023.
Revitalizing Sailing Tradition
The Indian Navy has made significant efforts to revitalize the sailing tradition,
emphasizing its commitment to preserve maritime heritage and promote seamanship
skills. Through the pioneering efforts of Sail Training Ships INS Tarangini & INS Sudarshini
and circumnavigation onboard INSVs Mhadei and Tarani, the Indian Navy has taken
center stage in Ocean Sailing expeditions.
Indian Naval Ship Sumedha's Diplomatic Voyage to Mozambique
Underlining India’s commitment to bolstering diplomatic ties and maritime cooperation,
the Indian naval ship Sumedha made a significant port call to Maputo, Mozambique on
November 21 as part of its extended operational deployment to Africa.
Strengthening Diplomatic Relations Through Port Call
The port call’s primary objectives include the reinforcement of long-standing diplomatic
relations and the enhancement of maritime cooperation. The engagement also aims to
boost interoperability between the Indian and Mozambican navies. Scheduled activities
from November 23 to 25, 2023, encompass professional interactions, cross-deck visits,
planning conferences, and joint Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) surveillance.
The visit is marked by a series of activities, such as courtesy calls by the commanding
officer on various dignitaries and government officials of Mozambique. Notable figures
include the Navy Commandant, the Mozambique Navy, and the Mayor of Maputo City.
Solidifying Bilateral Relations
Highlighting the friendly bilateral relations between India and Mozambique, both
countries share common values of democracy, development, and secularism. Regular
high-level exchanges and interactions across various fields have been a hallmark of their
relationship. A bilateral defense cooperation is actively progressing through regular Joint
Defence Working Group (JDWG) meetings.

Building Bridges of Friendship through Naval Deployments
The Indian Navy consistently deploys its ships to strengthen international cooperation
with friendly nations. This deployment of INS Sumedha is a testament to India’s
commitment to building “bridges of friendship” and fostering collaboration on a global
scale.
INS Sumedha: A Pillar of Eastern Fleet’s Capabilities
INS Sumedha, part of the Indian Navy’s eastern fleet based at Visakhapatnam, operates
under the operational command of the Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Eastern Naval
Command. The ship is equipped with advanced weapon systems, sensors, state-of-the-art
navigation and communication systems, and electronic warfare suits.
In the past, INS Sumedha has played a pivotal role in various operations, including fleet
support, coastal and offshore patrolling, ocean surveillance, and humanitarian assistance
disaster relief (HADR) missions. Its versatile capabilities contribute significantly to the
Indian Navy’s commitment to regional security and international cooperation.
Advancing Inland Waterways: Amazon and IWAI Sign MoU
In a significant move toward optimizing logistics and promoting economic development,
the Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) and Amazon Seller Services Private Limited
(Amazon) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU). The collaboration focuses on
enhancing cargo movement and transporting customer shipments and products through
inland waterways, specifically utilizing the river Ganga (National Waterway 1).
Key Players in the MoU Signing Ceremony
The MoU signing ceremony took place in the presence of Shri Sarbananda Sonowal, Union
Minister of Ports, Shipping & Waterways (MoPSW) and Ayush, along with other dignitaries
including Shri T. K. Ramachandran, Secretary of MoPSW, and Shri Sanjay Bandopadhyaya,
Chairman of IWAI.
Efficiency and Sustainability: A Stride in E-commerce Transportation
This collaboration signifies a crucial step in advancing the transportation of e-commerce
cargo along India’s inland waterways. The partnership aims to harness the efficiency and
sustainability of water transport to optimize logistics, reduce environmental footprints,
and foster economic development. Notably, a World Bank Report highlights that water
transport consumes significantly less fuel compared to rail and road transport, making it
an environmentally friendly mode of transportation.
Realizing Prime Minister’s Vision 2047
The collaboration between Amazon India and IWAI aligns with Prime Minister’s Maritime
Amrit Kaal Vision 2047, focusing on enhancing inland waterways as an affordable and
sustainable mode of transportation. The goal is to facilitate cargo movement and
transportation of customer shipments and products through Inland Water Transport
using National Waterway-1.
Sagarmala’s Contribution to Water Transport
To accelerate water transport in the country, Sagarmala has initiated 113 projects worth
Rs. 7,030 Crores related to RoRo/RoPax and Inland Water Transport. These projects aim to
enhance connectivity and make water transport a more viable option.
Transformative Impact on E-commerce Logistics
The partnership allows Amazon to leverage all modes of transport in the country,
including rail, air, water, and surface. This comprehensive approach ensures faster, cost-
effective, and more reliable delivery of customer packages, extending the reach to millions
of sellers. The collaboration not only benefits Amazon by lowering transportation costs
but also opens new possibilities for e-commerce companies to tap into India’s extensive
inland waterways.
Ambitious Targets for Inland Water Transport
Looking ahead, the Ministry aims to increase inland water transport volumes significantly
by 2030 and surpass 500 MMT by 2047, as per the Amrit Kaal Vision 2047. The plan
includes increasing the number of operational waterways to 23 by 2030, with a vision to
surpass 50 operational waterways by 2047.
Future Prospects: A Regular Mode of Transportation
The collaboration between IWAI and Amazon is expected to set a precedent, making
shipments through Inland Waterways Transport (IWT) a regular mode of transportation.
The partnership is poised to explore and implement innovative solutions to meet the
evolving needs of the e-commerce industry, contributing to a greener and more resilient
logistics ecosystem.
Vir Das Makes History with International Emmy Win
Indian comedian Vir Das has achieved a milestone by winning an International Emmy
Award for his Netflix show, “Vir Das: Landing on Monday.” This accomplishment makes
him the first Indian to secure a victory in the comedy category. Das shares the honor with
the British series Derry Girls Season 3.
Ekta Kapoor Receives Directorate Award
In another notable win, Ekta Kapoor, producer, filmmaker, and co-founder of Balaji
Telefilms, received this year’s Directorate Award at the International Emmy Awards. The
award acknowledges individuals or organizations for their outstanding contributions to
international television.
Understanding the Emmy Awards
The Emmy Awards stand out as prestigious accolades recognizing excellence in television
and emerging media performances. Differing from awards like the Oscars and Golden
Globes, Emmys focus solely on television and related media.
Inception of the Emmy Awards
The concept of the Emmy Awards was conceived in 1948, with the inaugural ceremony
held on January 25, 1949. The first ceremony featured six awards, including recognitions
for the Most Outstanding Television Personality and Most Popular Television Program.
Diverse Categories of Emmy Awards
Emmys are presented in various categories, catering to different aspects of television.
Aside from the International Emmy Awards and the Primetime Emmy Awards, other
categories include daytime, sports, news and documentary, technology and engineering,
and regional awards. Primetime Emmys specifically honor American television shows aired
during primetime, while International Emmys celebrate global productions. Daytime
Emmys focus on American shows aired during late-morning and afternoon. Regional
Emmys recognize excellence in state-to-state programming, local news, and locally
produced shows.
Organizations Behind Emmy Awards
Three sister organizations contribute to the Emmy Awards. The Television Academy
oversees the Primetime Emmy Awards, the National Academy of Television Arts & Sciences
manages daytime, sports, news, and documentary categories, and the International
Academy of Television Arts & Sciences is responsible for International Emmys. Each
organization has its own membership of television professionals who play a crucial role in
deciding award recipients.
Origins of the Name ‘Emmy’
Interestingly, the name “Emmy” does not have a specific meaning; it serves as a reference
to the award itself. Initially intended to be named “Immy,” derived from the image-
orthicon camera tube instrumental in television’s technical development, it was later
modified to “Emmy” for a more “feminine” touch. The award statuette symbolizes the
“winged muse of art uplifting the electron of science.”
Girish Chandra Murmu Takes Key Role in UN Panel of External Auditors
Girish Chandra Murmu, the Comptroller and Auditor General of India, has achieved a
significant position by being elected as the Vice-Chair of the UN Panel of External Auditors.
The election took place during the sixty-third session of the Panel, held at the UN
headquarters in New York from November 20-21, 2023.
Active Participation at the UN Panel
Mr. Murmu actively participated in the session, and his election as the Vice-Chair for the
forthcoming year highlights India’s dedication to maintaining the highest standards of
external audit. This appointment reflects India’s commitment to actively shaping the
global audit landscape, according to a statement released by the C&AG.
Role of the UN Panel of External Auditors
The Panel of External Auditors, comprising heads of 12 Supreme Audit Institutions (SAIs)
globally, plays a crucial role in overseeing the external audit of the UN Secretariat, funds
and programs, and specialized agencies. This independent body conducts comprehensive
financial, performance, and compliance audits of various entities within the United
Nations.
Discussion on Financial and Management Issues
The meeting served as a platform for discussions on follow-up actions regarding the
Secretary-General’s response to the panel letter. During the session, Mr. Murmu led
discussions on financial and management issues affecting UN organizations. This
demonstrates India’s active involvement in addressing critical matters related to the
financial and managerial aspects of UN entities.
November 24, 2023

Justice Fathima Beevi Passes Away
India bid farewell to its pioneering legal luminary, Justice Fathima Beevi, the country’s first
female Supreme Court judge, who peacefully passed away at the age of 96.
A Storied Legacy
After her illustrious tenure on the Supreme Court, Justice Beevi continued to break
barriers by becoming the Governor of Tamil Nadu. Her multifaceted career earned her
accolades not only as a legal trailblazer but also as a distinguished political figure.
A Life of Achievements
Early Years and Legal JourneyJustice Fathima Beevi embarked on her legal journey by
obtaining a Bachelor of Law Degree from the Government Law College. Her advocacy
career began in 1950, marking the start of a remarkable ascent through various judicial
roles.
Trailblazing CareerFrom serving as a Munsiff in the Kerala Subordinate Judicial Services
to assuming the roles of Subordinate Judge, Chief Judicial Magistrate, and District and
Session Judge, Justice Beevi’s career was marked by consistent dedication and excellence.
Breaking BarriersIn 1983, Justice Beevi achieved another historic milestone by becoming
a High Court Judge, followed by her appointment as a Supreme Court Judge in 1989.
Notably, she became the first Muslim woman to reach such heights in the Higher Judiciary.
Post-Retirement Contributions
After retiring from the judiciary, Justice Beevi’s commitment to public service continued.
She served as a member of the National Human Rights Commission and later took on the
role of the Governor of Tamil Nadu.
Recognitions and Awards
Justice Fathima Beevi’s outstanding contributions were acknowledged with prestigious
awards, including the Bharat Jyoti Award and the US-India Business Council (USIBC)
Lifetime Achievement Award. Her tenure as the Chancellor of Tamil Nadu University
further exemplified her commitment to education and institutional leadership.
Geert Wilders: The "Dutch Donald Trump"
Geert Wilders, often likened to the “Dutch Donald Trump,” is poised to become the next
Prime Minister of the Netherlands, defying expectations with his Party for Freedom (PVV)
securing 37 seats in the 150-seat Dutch parliament. This unexpected victory has sent
shockwaves across Europe, marking a significant shift in the political landscape.
Who is Geert Wilders?
Geert Wilders, aged 60, is a seasoned politician who entered the Dutch parliament in 1998.
Initially with the People’s Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD), he later founded the
PVV in 2006. Known for his anti-immigration and anti-Islam stance, Wilders has been a
prominent figure in Dutch politics, advocating for measures to restrict asylum-seekers and
expressing Eurosceptic views.
The Controversial Campaign
Wilders’ campaign centered around addressing the issue of asylum-seekers, a focal point
after the collapse of the previous government. He called for a halt to accepting asylum-
seekers, pushing for stricter border controls. Additionally, Wilders has been critical of the
EU, advocating for a Brexit-like referendum in the Netherlands.
In recent weeks, Wilders has attempted to moderate his anti-Islam rhetoric, focusing on
broader issues such as the cost of living, healthcare, and security. This shift may be
strategic as he seeks coalition partners to form the government.
Coalition Challenges
While Wilders’ PVV emerged as the largest party, forming a government requires securing
the support of 76 MPs for a majority. Despite his electoral success, potential coalition
partners, including the Labour-Green Party alliance and the VVD, have expressed
reluctance to work with him. The formation of the new Dutch government remains
uncertain, with caretaker Prime Minister Mark Rutte likely to remain in office into 2024.
European Implications
The outcome of the Dutch elections adds to a series of political shifts in Europe, with
populist and hard-right parties making gains in various countries. Geert Wilders’ victory
has been celebrated by far-right leaders across the continent, emphasizing the potential
ripple effects on European politics.
State of the Wet Tropics Report
Australia’s biodiversity-rich northern rainforests, designated as world heritage sites, face
escalating threats, with 25% more organisms being classified as threatened species since
2020 due to the impacts of climate change, according to the recently released “State of the
Wet Tropics” report.
Growing Threats to Iconic Species
The report, submitted by the conservation authority for the UNESCO-listed Queensland
wet tropics, underscores the declining health of species such as the ringtail possum.
Despite receiving international protection in 1988, climate change, habitat loss, and
ecosystem degradation pose significant threats to these iconic species.
Multiple Challenges: Invasive Species and Diseases
In addition to climate change, invasive species and diseases compound the challenges
faced by the region’s biodiversity. The report emphasizes the insidious threat posed by
invasive species and diseases, which endanger the integrity of the area’s biodiversity. The
impact extends to species like endemic rainforest frogs, high-altitude birds, and plants of
the Myrtaceae family.
Disturbing Trends: From Amphibians to Upland Crayfish
The report reveals disturbing trends, including the vulnerability of Euastacus crayfish in
upland streams and the threat to the Apollo jewel butterfly. Climate change is implicated
in the significant increase in threats, leading to predictions of over 50% extinction of
endemic vertebrate fauna in the region over a decade ago.
Impact on Ringtail Possums and Freshwater Species
The report details the rapid decline of the region’s iconic ringtail possum species,
particularly the lemuroid ringtail possum, now classified as Critically Endangered.
Changing temperature patterns and increasing heatwaves have adversely affected these
populations. Furthermore, climate change could alter water flows, posing a threat to
freshwater species like the upland spiny crayfish.
Extreme Weather Events and Invasive Species
Extreme weather events induced by climate change, such as cyclones and bushfires, have
caused abrupt changes in ecological systems. The report cites the decline in flying fox
populations and the impact of invasive species on threatened taxa. It emphasizes that 82%
of threatened taxa, as per the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act,
face common pressure from invasive species.
Urgent Need for Conservation Action
As Australia grapples with the escalating threats to its northern rainforests, urgent
conservation action is required to mitigate the impacts of climate change, address habitat
loss, and counter the spread of invasive species. The report serves as a stark reminder of
the interconnected challenges faced by these unique ecosystems and underscores the
critical importance of proactive conservation measures.
India Faces Healthcare Real Estate Deficit
India is grappling with a substantial shortfall of healthcare real estate, requiring an
additional two billion square feet to meet the needs of its existing population, according
to a report by Knight Frank, a global real estate consultancy. The country’s current bed-to-
population ratio stands at 1.3 beds per 1,000 people, revealing a significant deficit in
healthcare infrastructure.
Global Investments and India’s Healthcare Growth
The global scenario depicts substantial investments in healthcare real estate, reaching $38
billion and constituting approximately 4.3% of total global real estate financing. India’s
healthcare industry has experienced rapid growth, with an annual average rate of 18%.
The pandemic further accelerated this growth, highlighting the urgent need for enhanced
infrastructure and service delivery in the healthcare sector.
Addressing the Deficit: A Crucial Opportunity
The report emphasizes that India faces a deficit of 1.7 beds per 1,000 people, translating to
a requirement of an additional 2.4 million beds to cater to the existing population of 1.42
billion. This deficit offers a significant opportunity for both public and private entities to
expand their presence in the Indian healthcare industry.
Investment Opportunities Post-Pandemic
Post the pandemic, healthcare emerges as a mainstream avenue for investors seeking
long-term income-generating assets. The Knight Frank’s Attitudes Survey reveals that
almost one-fourth of Indian ultra-high net worth individuals plan to invest in healthcare-
related assets in 2023. This signifies a growing recognition of the potential investment
opportunities in the healthcare sector.
Plants' Secret Conversations: Eavesdropping on Nature's Defense Mechanism
If you’ve ever savored the scent of fresh-cut grass, you might have unintentionally
witnessed a clandestine conversation among plants. The fragrance is attributed to green
leaf volatiles (GLVs), a group of compounds released by plants when injured. While
humans find it pleasant, to other plants, it serves as a warning signal, indicating imminent
danger.
A recent study, published in Nature Communications, led by Masatsugu Toyota, a
professor at Saitama University, sheds light on how plants respond to these warning
signals. The findings could revolutionize pest control in agriculture without relying on
pesticides, although the exact mechanism of how plants detect danger remains elusive.
The Significance of GLVs
Plants can eavesdrop on nearby damaged plants, benefiting from the ability to defend
themselves. GLVs are by-products released during the defense response, making the plant
less palatable or even indigestible to potential attackers, such as insects. The study aims to
decipher the intricacies of this defense mechanism and explore its potential applications.
Watching Plants Respond: A Molecular Cascade
To observe how plants respond to warning signals, the researchers inserted a gene into
mustard plants, causing their cells to glow when flooded with calcium, a mediator of
chemical and electrical signals. Calcium floods the leaves when a plant is damaged,
triggering a molecular cascade. Under a specialized microscope, the mutant plants lit up
in response to touch, cutting with scissors, or even being eaten by a caterpillar.
Visualizing Volatile Sensing
To test if the mutant mustard could also sense GLVs, the researchers exposed it to air
laden with these compounds. This marked the first time scientists visualized plants
sensing volatile components released from damage to other plants. The breakthrough
opens new avenues for understanding how plants perceive and respond to environmental
cues.
Gene-Level Defense Markers
The study also explored gene expression in response to GLVs. After exposure to grassy
smells, the mutant mustard exhibited increased expression of specific genes associated
with defense. These genes, Jaz-7 and OPR-3, are considered classic markers for defense at
the gene level.
Harnessing GLVs for Pest Control
The research suggests that understanding how plants detect and perceive GLVs could
pave the way for innovative pest-control strategies. By diffusing GLVs over crops, it may be
possible to activate plants’ natural defense mechanisms, offering a sustainable alternative
to traditional pesticides.
The Unintended Consequences of Mosquitofish Introductions in India
In recent months, various regions in Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, and Punjab have released
mosquitofish into local water bodies to address mosquito problems. While the biological
control of mosquitoes, including the use of mosquitofish, gained traction in the 1960s as
an alternative to chemical pesticides, the unintended consequences have been significant.
What is Mosquitofish?
Mosquitofish, particularly Gambusia affinis and Gambusia holbrooki, were introduced in
India in the 1920s and later by various governmental and private organizations as part of
mosquito management efforts. The idea was to use these fish to feed on mosquito larvae
and control mosquito populations, especially those responsible for spreading diseases.
Unintended Environmental Impact
Despite good intentions, the mosquitofish strategy backfired, leading to severe ecological
and environmental problems. Mosquitofish, originally from the U.S., became widespread
in India, establishing self-sustaining populations in various habitats. The resilience and
voracious feeding habits of these fish have caused them to displace and prey on native
fauna, leading to the extinction of native fish, amphibians, and other freshwater
communities.
Effects on Biodiversity
Studies reveal the harmful consequences of Gambusia presence in water bodies. In
Australia, introduced mosquitofish contributed to the local extinction of an endemic fish
species. Similar observations have been made in New Zealand, where Gambusia poses a
threat to native aquatic biodiversity. In India, reports suggest a decline in tadpoles
following the introduction of mosquitofish.
Recognition as Invasive Alien Species
The World Health Organization stopped recommending Gambusia as a mosquito control
agent in 1982, and in 2018, the National Biodiversity Authority of the Government of India
designated G. affinis and G. holbrooki as invasive alien species. Despite this, both
government and non-governmental organizations in India continue to introduce these
species for mosquito control.
Call for Stricter Measures and Native Alternatives
To address the issue, stringent enforcement measures are crucial to prevent further
introductions of mosquitofish. The National Centre for Vector Borne Diseases Control’s
recommendation for using Gambusia should be removed. Additionally, experts suggest
collaboration between mosquito biologists, invasion ecologists, and fish taxonomists to
identify and release native fish species capable of controlling mosquito larvae, avoiding
the ecological repercussions associated with invasive alien species.
Peru Loses Over Half of Glacial Coverage in Six Decades
Peru has experienced a devastating loss of more than half of its glacier surface in the last
six decades, with 175 glaciers becoming extinct between 2016 and 2020 due to the impacts
of climate change, according to scientists from Peru’s National Institute of Research of
Mountain Glaciers and Ecosystems (Inaigem).
Alarming Statistics
In the span of 58 years, 56.22% of the glacial coverage recorded in 1962 has been lost. The
primary factor contributing to this drastic impact is the increase in the average global
temperature, leading to an accelerated retreat of glaciers, particularly those in tropical
areas.
Extinction and Retreat
The alarming data indicates that Peru now has only 44% of the glacial coverage recorded
in 1962, representing 1,050 square kilometers (405 square miles) of remaining glacial
coverage. Some mountain ranges, like Chila, have experienced nearly complete
disappearance, with Chila losing 99% of its glacial surface since 1962. Notably, Chila is a
critical region as it is the source of the first waters that contribute to the Amazon River.
Increased Risks and Historical Tragedy
There are heightened risks for communities in lowland areas due to the connection
between glacier loss and historical tragedies. The devastating 1970 event is a case in point,
when a massive sheet of ice from the snow-capped Huascarán, triggered by a 7.9
magnitude earthquake, caused a mud avalanche that destroyed the city of Yungay and
claimed more than 20,000 lives.
Urgent Call for Climate Action
Peru’s experience underscores the urgent need for global climate action to address the
root causes of glacial retreat and climate change. The consequences of losing glaciers
extend beyond environmental impact, affecting water resources, ecosystems, and the
safety of vulnerable communities.
India Plans Stricter Age Verification for Social Media
The Indian government is developing a comprehensive “risk-based” framework to enforce
age-gating on social media and other internet intermediaries, requiring users to access
these services only with parental consent. The framework, part of the Digital Personal
Data Protection Act of 2023, will impact large social media companies like Meta
(Instagram, Facebook) and Google (YouTube), as well as edtech platforms and health-
related applications managing user data.
Age Verification Methods
Various methods are under consideration for age verification, including the use of
documents saved in DigiLocker, an Aadhaar-based process, a digital token, or an app
store-level verification. The approach will be tailored to the nature of the platform and the
potential risk of a child’s data misuse.
Stricter Compliance for Social Media
Social media platforms are expected to adhere to stricter age-gating measures due to the
higher risk of inappropriate interactions involving minors. Educational, news, accessory,
and fashion-related applications and websites catering to under-18 users may need to
verify user age and obtain parental consent.
DPDP Act and Timelines
The age-verification framework will operate within the Digital Personal Data Protection
Act, which defines users below 18 as children. The rules are anticipated to be released by
the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology by the end of November 2023. The
DPDP Act prohibits processing data of underage users without parental consent, aiming
to enhance the protection of minors online.
Delhi Motor Vehicles Licensing of Aggregator (Premium Buses) Scheme, 2023
In a significant development for India’s transportation sector, the Delhi government has
introduced the Delhi Motor Vehicles Licensing of Aggregator (Premium Buses) Scheme,
2023. This scheme is tailored exclusively for premium buses, marking a historic milestone
in the nation’s transportation sector.
Defining Premium Buses
The scheme defines a “Premium Bus” as a full-AC luxury public bus with a seating capacity
of at least nine passengers. These buses will offer pre-reserved reclining seats and come
equipped with Wifi, GPS, and CCTV for enhanced comfort and reliability.
Eligibility Criteria for Bus Licenses
To be eligible for a bus license under this scheme, applicants must have a minimum of
three years of experience in operating and managing vehicles in public or shared
transportation. They are required to maintain a fleet of a minimum of 100 passenger
buses annually or 1,000 passenger cars annually, or a mixed fleet comprising a minimum
of 100 buses with 10 cars equivalent to one bus.
Key Conditions for Premium Buses
The scheme stipulates that the ‘onboarded’ bus must not be more than three years old
(for CNG buses), and buses joining the service after January 1, 2025, must be electric.
Additionally, applicants must have a corporate or branch office located in the National
Capital Region.
License Details and Renewals
Aggregator licenses will be granted upon payment of ₹5 lakh and will be valid for a five-
year period. Renewals for another five years can be acquired before expiry by paying
₹2,500. Importantly, no license fee will be levied on electric buses.
Operational Requirements for License Holders
License holders are required to operate and maintain a fleet of at least 25 premium buses
of various sizes, to be made operational within 90 days from the date of license grant.
Fare Determination and Digital Ticketing
License holders will be permitted to determine bus routes, provided fares are dynamic
and no lower than the peak fare of Delhi Transport Corporation AC buses. Only pre-
booked digital ticketing will be permissible, with all charges from passengers collected
exclusively through electronic or digital payment modes.
Current Bus Fleet in Delhi and Future Vision
Official data indicates that Delhi currently has a fleet size of 7,135 buses, with calls for at
least 11,000 buses plying on Delhi’s roads. The introduction of the Premium Bus
Aggregator Scheme aims to enhance the quality and efficiency of public transportation in
the city.
Himachal Pradesh Takes a Technological Leap in Education with Vidya Samiksha Kendra
Himachal Pradesh Chief Minister Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu inaugurated the Vidya Samiksha
Kendra (VSK) in Shimla recently. This innovative data repository is set to transform the
state’s education system by incorporating technology and data-driven approaches.
Data Repository for Ministry of Education Schemes
VSK will serve as a comprehensive data repository, collecting information from all
schemes run by the Ministry of Education (MoE). The aim is to enhance the efficiency of
the education system in the state by leveraging technology.

SwiftChat Platform and AI Chatbots Integration
The SwiftChat platform, featuring multiple AI chatbots, will play a pivotal role in the
functionality of VSK. The AI chatbots will enable teachers to deliver personalized learning
experiences to students. Additionally, administrators can make data-driven decisions
based on the insights provided by the system.
Real-time Dashboards for Enhanced Monitoring
VSK will present real-time dashboards and reports at the district, block, and individual
school levels. These dashboards will track student progress, teacher training, and overall
school performance, offering valuable insights for educational planning and
improvements.
Transformative Impact on Education
The VSK is not merely a data center but a foundation for transformative changes in
education. From daily attendance to periodic assessments, digital home learning to
remedial teaching, and field monitoring to simplified report card creation, SwiftChat is
streamlining various educational tasks.
Collaboration with Ed-Tech Company ConveGenius
The education department of Himachal Pradesh has collaborated with the Ed-Tech
company ConveGenius to establish Vidya Samiksha Kendra in the state. This partnership
aims to integrate technology seamlessly into the education system for better outcomes.
National Directive for Centralized System
The establishment of Vidya Samiksha Kendra aligns with a directive from the Centre to all
States and UTs to create a centralized system at the state level for tracking student
enrollment, learning progress, textbook delivery, and teacher and school support.
Leveraging Data and Technology for Learning Outcomes
VSK is designed to leverage data and technology, covering information from over 15 lakh
schools, 96 lakh teachers, and 26 crore students. Through big data analysis, artificial
intelligence, and machine learning, the system aims to enhance overall monitoring of the
education system and improve learning outcomes.
Objectives of Vidya Samiksha Kendra
The key objectives of VSK include real-time monitoring of Samagra Shiksha projects,
tracking student enrollment and learning outcomes, monitoring academic and non-
academic activities, empowering administrators and teachers with data-driven decisions,
identifying improvement areas, and enhancing accountability in schools.
Approved under STARS Project
Vidya Samiksha Kendra was approved under the Strengthening Teaching-Learning and
Results for States (STARS) Project, covering Himachal Pradesh, along with Kerala, Madhya
Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, and Rajasthan. This initiative marks a significant step
towards achieving excellence in education through technology and data integration.
25th Meeting of the National Oil Spill Disaster Contingency Plan
The Director General of the Indian Coast Guard, Rakesh Pal, chaired the 25th meeting of
the National Oil Spill Disaster Contingency Plan (NOS DCP) on the coast of Vadinagar in
Gujarat. This crucial gathering brought together major stakeholders, including ports,
petroleum companies, and the Indian Coast Guard, to discuss strategies for enhancing
preparedness in handling potential oil spill disasters in Indian waters.
Key Participants in the Meeting
The meeting saw active participation from major players in the industry, including
Reliance Industries, Nayara Energy, and Hindustan Petroleum. The involvement of these
key entities highlights the collaborative effort to address the challenges posed by
potential oil spills in the maritime zones around India.
National Oil Spill Disaster Contingency Plan (NOSDCP): A Comprehensive Response Strategy
The NOSDCP serves as a comprehensive plan designed to respond effectively to oil spills
in Indian waters. Given India’s status as the third-largest importer of crude oil and a major
chemical importer, the country receives significant volumes of oil through ships. The
meeting aimed to bolster the nation’s ability to manage the associated risks and respond
promptly to potential disasters.
Inherent Risks to Maritime Zones
Oil and chemicals, if spilled, pose inherent risks to India’s maritime zones and connected
coastlines. These areas are home to large coastal populations, diverse marine ecosystems,
industrial installations, and crucial infrastructure supporting the tourism industry.
The Need for Preventive Measures
Given the magnitude of the potential impact, preventive measures are crucial. The central
coordinating agency, ship owners, oil handling facilities, and other stakeholders must
collaborate to prepare and implement strategies for effectively combating any potential
marine spills. The meeting underscored the importance of proactive measures to
safeguard the environment, coastal communities, and vital economic activities that
depend on the maritime sector.
India’s Role as a Major Importer
As the third-largest importer of crude oil, India’s role in global trade is significant. The
discussions at the meeting reflect the nation’s commitment to addressing environmental
challenges and ensuring the sustainable management of its coastal resources.
Towards a Safer Maritime Future
The collaborative efforts of the Indian Coast Guard, major ports, and petroleum
companies signal a collective commitment to building a safer maritime future for India. By
addressing the challenges associated with oil spills head-on, the stakeholders aim to
fortify the nation’s resilience and response capabilities, thereby minimizing the potential
impact on the environment and coastal communities.
Bacterial Memory Unveiled: E. Coli's Remarkable Recall Abilities
In groundbreaking research, scientists from the University of Texas and the University of
Delaware have unveiled a surprising memory system in Escherichia coli (E. coli), a single-
celled organism with no apparent brain or nervous system. This newfound ability allows E.
coli to remember past experiences and transmit this information to future generations.
Beyond Conscious Memory: Bacterial Decision-Making
While not akin to human conscious memory, this bacterial phenomenon revolves around
how information from past experiences influences current decision-making. Bacteria lack
brains, yet they can gather and store information from their environment, accessing it
later for their benefit.
Bacterial ‘Swarming’ Experiments Reveal Intriguing Insights
The research, based on over 10,000 bacterial ‘swarming’ assays, delves into the behavior
of E. coli cells on a single plate. Swarming, where cells join to efficiently explore their
environment, was observed to be influenced by intracellular iron levels. Low iron levels
correlated with faster and more efficient swarming, while higher levels led to a settled
lifestyle in biofilms.
Intergenerational Memory Transmission
Remarkably, E. coli cells exposed to low iron levels in one generation exhibited an
enhanced swarming response in subsequent generations, lasting up to four generations
of daughter cells. This ‘iron’ memory, however, diminished naturally in the seventh
generation. Researchers are yet to identify the molecular mechanism behind this potential
memory system.
Implications for Adaptation and Evolution
The association between intracellular iron and intergenerational swarming behavior
suggests a form of persistent conditioning. While the researchers acknowledge the role of
epigenetics in passing biological settings through generations, they believe the short
duration of heritability in this case points to a different mechanism.
Evolutionary Significance of Iron-Based Memory
Given the crucial role of iron in bacterial stress responses, an iron-based memory system
makes evolutionary sense. It could aid E. coli in adapting to challenging environmental
conditions or responding to antibiotics. The rapid reproduction of E. coli cells further
supports the benefit of passing on such memories in slow-changing environments.
Concluding Thoughts: Insights for Combatting Bacterial Behavior
Understanding bacterial behavior, including memory mechanisms, provides valuable
insights for combating bacterial challenges. The research sheds light on the intricate ways
in which even simple organisms like E. coli adapt and respond to their environment,
contributing to our broader understanding of microbial life.
India-Australia RISE Accelerator Aims to Boost Circular Economy Startups
The Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) and NITI Aayog, in collaboration with Australia’s
national science agency, CSIRO, have launched the Rapid Innovation and Startup
Expansion (RISE) Accelerator. This new initiative aims to support startups in the circular
economy sector, fostering collaboration between Australian and Indian entrepreneurs.
Strategic Partnership for Shared Goals
Manpreet Vohra, High Commissioner of India to Australia, highlighted the strategic
partnership between India and Australia, emphasizing shared values, economic interests,
and geopolitical objectives. The RISE Accelerator is poised to strengthen diplomatic ties
and facilitate collaborative efforts in various domains.

Addressing Shared Challenges through Innovation
Dr. Chintan Vaishnav, Mission Director of Atal Innovation Mission, NITI Aayog, described
RISE Accelerator as a pioneering bilateral program designed to address shared challenges
in both economies. With a focus on environment and climate technology, the program
provides a platform for startups to innovate solutions that transcend global challenges.
Nine-Month Program for Startup Growth
The RISE Accelerator program spans nine months and targets startups and SMEs with
mature technologies seeking expansion between India and Australia. The initiative assists
startups in navigating the early stages of entering a new region, establishing connections
with partners and customers, and building credibility for success in international markets.
Circular Economy Focus in the First Round
The first round of the RISE Accelerator program invites startups and SMEs developing
innovative business models, technologies, and resource ingenuity to support the
transition to a circular economy in both India and Australia. This aligns with CSIRO’s
Circular Economy for Missions initiative, emphasizing sustainable futures built on waste
innovation.
Support for Technology Validation and Adaptation
Participating startups from Australia and India will receive support to validate and adapt
their technologies and research overseas. The program offers opportunities for
collaboration with industry and researchers in the target market, fostering cross-border
innovation and expertise exchange.
Financial Support and Virtual Delivery
The RISE Accelerator program is delivered virtually, providing startups with numerous
opportunities to travel between Australia and India. There is no charge for startups to
participate, and eligible participants may receive up to INR 40,00,000 in non-equity grants,
further incentivizing collaboration and innovation in the circular economy space.
James Webb Space Telescope Uncovers "Teenage" Galaxies in Cosmic Adolescence
The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), operational since last year, has revealed
groundbreaking insights into galaxies that could be considered the cosmic “teenagers.”
Unlike the early galaxies observed, these entities, formed about 2-3 billion years post-Big
Bang, show unique characteristics resembling teenage behavior – marked by growth
spurts and a touch of immaturity.
Distinctive Traits of Cosmic Adolescents
Teenage galaxies, though already forming a substantial number of stars, exhibit a rapid
growth phase. They differ significantly from contemporary galaxies and undergo crucial,
yet poorly understood processes during this cosmic adolescence, shaping their future
characteristics.
Temperature Anomalies in Stellar Nurseries
The study noted that the gas in star-forming regions within teenage galaxies was
significantly hotter, reaching about 24,000 degrees Fahrenheit (13,350 degrees Celsius)
compared to modern galaxies. This temperature anomaly suggests differences in the

properties of young stars and gas in these cosmic adolescents.
Glowing Elements Illuminate Galactic Insights
Observations revealed the galaxies glowing with eight elements – hydrogen, helium,
oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, argon, nickel, and silicon. Oxygen, a key component in “galaxy
DNA,” provides insights into past growth. The unexpected presence of glowing nickel may
indicate unique properties in massive stars influencing gas luminescence.
The CECILIA Survey and Chemical Evolution
The study, part of the Chemical Evolution Constrained using Ionized Lines in Interstellar
Aurorae (CECILIA) Survey, marks the JWST’s role in scrutinizing distant galaxies’ chemistry.
The findings hint at a chemically “immature” phase in these galaxies, suggesting rapid
ongoing formation.
JWST’s Contribution to Cosmic Understanding
Launched in 2021, the JWST has significantly expanded our understanding of the early
universe. While attention often focuses on the telescope’s observations of the earliest
galaxies, the CECILIA Survey demonstrates its ability to provide detailed insights into
galaxies in later cosmic epochs.
Future Implications and Ongoing Research
The study underscores the potential for further discoveries as the JWST continues to unveil
details about galaxies in various stages of cosmic evolution. This research offers a unique
perspective on cosmic adolescence and contributes to unraveling the mysteries of galactic
development.
Space Travel May Pose Risk of Erectile Dysfunction, Rat Study Suggests
Experiments in rats suggest that extended periods in space, characterized by microgravity
and exposure to cosmic radiation, could increase the risk of erectile dysfunction in male
astronauts. The study, conducted at Florida State University, simulated microgravity using
a hindlimb unloading technique and exposed rats to varying levels of cosmic radiation
simulation. The results indicated higher levels of oxidative stress and narrowed blood
vessels in the erectile tissue of rats exposed to radiation, suggesting potential risks to
astronauts’ sexual health during and after space travel.
Space Health Challenges
While previous research has highlighted various health challenges associated with space
travel, including changes in heart rates, blood pressure, and vision problems, this study
introduces the potential impact on sexual health. Microgravity and cosmic radiation
exposure were found to independently contribute to increased risk factors for erectile
dysfunction.
Incomplete Simulation and Potential Solutions
The study acknowledges that hindlimb unloading is an imperfect simulation of the
conditions experienced in space. However, the results emphasize the need for astronauts
to be aware of and monitored for potential sexual health issues upon their return to Earth.
The researchers suggest that treatment with antioxidants could potentially mitigate some
negative impacts, although further testing is required to confirm this.

Implications for Future Space Missions
As space agencies plan crewed missions beyond Earth orbit, including return missions to
the moon and potential future trips to Mars, understanding the physiological effects of
space travel becomes increasingly crucial. Monitoring and addressing potential health
risks, including those related to sexual health, will be essential for ensuring the well-being
of astronauts during and after extended space missions.
Deformable Mirrors in Space Telescopes: Enabling Precise Exoplanet Imaging
Deformable mirrors (DM) are emerging as critical components in space telescopes,
offering the capability to achieve wavefront control and correct optical aberrations. NASA
highlights the potential of deformable mirrors in enabling the direct imaging of
exoplanets by addressing imperfections and shape changes in space telescopes at
subatomic scales. This technology becomes crucial for studying Earth-like planets orbiting
neighboring stars and determining their potential habitability.
Challenges in Exoplanet Detection
Directly photographing exoplanets poses challenges due to the overwhelming brightness
of host stars, obscuring the faint light emitted by the planets. A coronagraph is employed
to reduce the glare from the host star, allowing the capture of reflected light from the
planet. However, even minor flaws in the telescope’s optics can result in starlight leakage,
creating glare that hinders exoplanet detection.
Role of Deformable Mirrors in Coronagraphs
NASA emphasizes the importance of deformable mirrors in coronagraphs, stating that
they play a crucial role in repairing small imperfections in the telescope’s optics. These
mirrors contribute to eliminating any remaining starlight contamination, enabling a more
precise and accurate imaging process.
Unprecedented Control for Exoplanet Discovery
The report underlines the challenges in detecting Earth-like planets, which are
approximately 10 billion times fainter than their parent stars. Achieving precise control
over the telescope and instrument’s optical quality, or wavefront, at an extraordinary level
of tens of picometers is essential for overcoming these challenges. Deformable mirrors
offer the capability to reach this level of control, allowing for the detection of faint
exoplanet signals amidst the glare of host stars.
Space Coronagraphs and Future Testing
NASA anticipates that future space coronagraphs equipped with deformable mirrors will
achieve the required level of wavefront control. These advanced devices are slated to
undergo testing in space through a coronagraph technology demonstration instrument
aboard NASA’s Roman Space Telescope, scheduled for launch in May 2027. The success of
this technology holds significant promise for advancing our understanding of distant
exoplanetary systems and their potential to support life.
New Genus and Species of Silesaur Unearthed in Brazil
Paleontologists from the Federal University of Santa Maria have discovered a new genus
and species of silesaur, naming it Amanasaurus nesbitti. This ancient creature lived in
what is now Brazil during the Carnian age of the Late Triassic epoch, approximately 233
million years ago.
Silesauridae: Extinct Family of Dinosauriform Reptiles
Amanasaurus nesbitti belonged to the extinct family of Triassic dinosauriform reptiles
known as Silesauridae. These reptiles are characterized by their fairly long necks and legs,
possibly exhibiting quadrupedal habits. Silesaurids are considered a group of non-
dinosaur dinosauriforms and are often regarded as the sister group of dinosaurs.
Ecological Niches and Evolutionary Relationships
Silesaurids occupied various ecological niches, with early species being carnivorous and
later ones adapting to specialized herbivory. Notably, they are of particular interest due to
their close phylogenetic relationships with dinosaurs, with some studies suggesting
silesaurs as the closest evolutionary relatives of dinosaurs.
Fossil Discoveries and Size Comparisons
The researchers examined bone fragments, including portions of the right and left femurs
of Amanasaurus nesbitti, found at the Pivetta site in Brazil. The discovery challenges
previous notions about the size of silesaurs compared to early dinosaurs, suggesting that
Amanasaurus nesbitti rivaled early dinosaurs in size. This finding adds complexity to the
understanding of the radiation of Pan-Aves during the Triassic period.
Implications for Evolutionary Models
The discovery challenges existing models, as silesaurs, irrespective of their phylogenetic
position, persisted throughout most of the Triassic period. The plesiomorphic body size of
silesaurs during the dawn of dinosaurs contradicts the previous assumption of decreasing
body size in silesaur lineages over time.
Conclusion: A Complex Scenario in Triassic Faunas
The study underscores the complexity of Triassic faunas, highlighting the need to reassess
existing models based on new fossil evidence. Amanasaurus nesbitti provides valuable
insights into the evolutionary dynamics of silesaurs and their role in the early stages of
Earth’s diverse reptilian inhabitants.
Ten New Trilobite Species Unearthed in Thailand
Researchers have made a significant discovery in Thailand, unearthing ten new species of
trilobites, extinct arthropods that provide valuable insights into the Earth’s geological
history spanning 490 million years. These fossils, hidden in a little-studied part of Thailand,
could serve as missing pieces in the intricate puzzle of ancient world geography.
Trilobites: Extinct Sea Creatures with Historical Significance
Trilobites, extinct sea creatures characterized by their half-moon-shaped heads and
unique respiratory system through legs, hold historical significance for geologists
studying Earth’s evolution over millions of years. The recent findings, detailed in a
research monograph in the British journal Papers in Palaeontology, shed light on ten new
trilobite species, including one named after Thai Royal Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn.
Geological Context: Petrified Ash and Zircon Crystals
The trilobite fossils were discovered trapped between layers of petrified ash in sandstone,
a result of ancient volcanic eruptions. The ash settled on the sea floor, forming a green
layer known as a tuff. What makes tuffs crucial for dating is the presence of zircon crystals,
chemically stable and resistant to erosion, allowing for precise dating using radio isotope
techniques. Zircon crystals in tuffs provide a unique opportunity to unravel the age of
both the volcanic eruption and the associated fossils.
Challenges in Dating the Late Cambrian Period
The late Cambrian period, occurring between 497 and 485 million years ago, is challenging
to date accurately due to limited tuff occurrences. The rarity of tuffs from this period
makes the Thai discovery particularly significant, providing a window into a poorly dated
interval in Earth’s history.
Global Connections and Geological Puzzle
The newfound trilobite fossils from Thailand offer more than just local insights; they
provide an opportunity to connect Thailand with other parts of the world where similar
trilobite discoveries have been made. The researchers emphasize the potential to better
understand regions like China, Australia, and North America, where fossils are found in
rocks that are challenging to date accurately.
Exciting Discovery on Ko Tarutao Island
The fossils were uncovered on Ko Tarutao Island, part of a UNESCO geopark site that
encourages international collaboration in scientific exploration. The researchers believe
that this discovery will enable the connection of Thailand to other parts of the world,
adding a new dimension to the understanding of Earth’s ancient geological history.
Indian Navy and DRDO Achieve Milestone in Indigenous Naval Anti-Ship Missile Trials
In a significant stride towards self-reliance (Aatmanirbharta), the Indian Navy, in
collaboration with the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), has
successfully conducted Guided Flight Trials of the first indigenously developed Naval Anti-
Ship Missile. The milestone achievement occurred from a Seaking 42B helicopter on
November 21, showcasing India’s prowess in developing naval weaponry.
Development Background: Long-Range Anti-Ship Missile
The successful trials follow reports in October about DRDO gearing up for testing a long-
range anti-ship missile (LRASM), promising enhanced capabilities for the Navy in ship-
based missile systems. Anticipated to have a range of 500 kilometres, surpassing the
350-400 kilometres range of the BrahMos missile, this indigenous development is a
strategic leap in naval defense capabilities.
Previous Achievements: NASM-SR and MRSAM Test
Earlier in May 2022, India tested its first indigenous short-range anti-ship missile, known
as ‘Naval Anti-ship Missile-short range’ (NASM-SR), weighing 380 kilograms with a range
of 55 kilometres. Additionally, in March, the Indian Navy successfully conducted a Medium
Range Surface-to-Air Missile (MRSAM) firing from INS Visakhapatnam, validating the
capability to engage anti-ship missiles. MRSAM, a joint venture of DRDO and Israeli
Aerospace Industries, demonstrated its state-of-the-art medium-range air defense

capabilities with a range of 70 kilometres.
Strategic Collaboration and Components of MRSAM
The MRSAM weapon system, also named the ‘Abhra’ Weapon System, is a collaborative
effort between DRDO, Israeli Aerospace Industries (IAI), and Indian defense industry
partners, including MSMEs. The system comprises a Combat Management System (CMS),
Mobile Launcher Systems (MLS), Advanced Long Range Radar, Mobile Power System
(MPS), Radar Power System (RPS), Reloader Vehicle (RV), and Field Service Vehicle.
Powered by an indigenously developed rocket motor and control system, MRSAM stands
as a testament to India’s technological advancements in defense.
Future Implications: Strengthening Naval Capabilities
The successful trials of the indigenous Naval Anti-Ship Missile mark a crucial step in
fortifying India’s naval capabilities. The advancements in missile technology contribute to
India’s strategic defense preparedness, fostering self-reliance and reducing dependence
on foreign imports in the defense sector. As India continues to achieve milestones in
indigenous defense development, the nation moves closer to becoming a key player in
global defense innovation.
November 25, 2023
Rahul Gandhi Faces Election Commission Notice for "Panauti" Remark
The Election Commission (EC) recently issued a showcause notice to Congress leader
Rahul Gandhi for his comments against Prime Minister Narendra Modi, referring to him as
a “pickpocket” and a “panauti.” These remarks were made during election rallies in
Rajasthan. Let’s delve into the details of this notice and explore the astrological
significance of the term “panauti.”
Rahul Gandhi’s Remark and Election Commission’s Notice
On November 21, after India’s World Cup loss, Rahul Gandhi made the statement at a rally
in Balotra, Rajasthan, where he mentioned that “panauti” resulted in our boys losing the
World Cup. The EC, in its notice, considers the use of “panauti” as falling under the
definition of corrupt practice, as per the Representation of the People Act, 1951.
What is Panauti in Astrology?
Panauti is commonly understood to mean an ill omen, but its origin lies in astrology,
where it is associated with the goddess of troubles. In Vedic astrology, panuti refers to a
phase of hard times triggered by the movement of Shani dev or Saturn. This phase
includes saadhe-saati, a seven-and-a-half-year period of difficulties.
Understanding Panauti in Common Parlance
In popular culture, “panauti” is now commonly used for any person, situation, or period
that seems full of worries and reverses. Shani, in astrology, is believed to dispense justice
for the deeds one may have committed in this life or previous ones, rather than bringing
punishment or bad luck.
Physical Form of Panauti
Panauti is also visualized in a female form, as the goddess of troubles. Lord Hanuman is
believed to deliver people reeling under the effects of saadhe-saati and panauti.
Worshipping Lord Hanuman is considered a way to navigate through such astrologically
challenging periods.
Indian Named the Chair of International Sugar Organisation for 2024
India, the largest consumer and the second-largest producer of sugar worldwide, has
achieved a significant milestone by being named the Chair of the International Sugar
Organisation (ISO) for the year 2024. This announcement was made during the 63rd
council meeting of the ISO held in London, marking India’s ascendancy in the global sugar
sector.
Commitment to Sustainable Practices
Sanjeev Chopra, Secretary (Food), Government of India, conveyed India’s commitment to
leading sustainable practices in sugarcane cultivation, sugar, and ethanol production. The
focus is on maximizing the utilization of by-products, underlining India’s dedication to
environmentally conscious strategies in the sugar industry.
Global Influence and Market Leadership
With a remarkable 15% share in global sugar consumption and contributing 20% to global
sugar production, India’s influence on global sugar trends is undeniable. As the largest
consumer and second-largest producer, India emerges as an ideal candidate to lead the
ISO, which comprises around 90 member countries.
Key Player in Eastern Hemisphere
While Brazil holds sway in the Western Hemisphere, India, positioned as the market leader
in the Eastern Hemisphere, plays a pivotal role in shaping the global sugar market.
Commitment to Green Energy and Ethanol Production
India’s ascent to the third-largest country in the world in ethanol production highlights its
commitment to green energy. The country has significantly increased ethanol blending,
reaching 12% in the financial year 2022-23, aligning with efforts to reduce dependence on
fossil fuel imports and meet COP 26 targets. Ethanol production has surged from 173
crore litres to over 500 crore litres during the same period.
Resilience During the Pandemic
The Indian sugar industry showcased resilience and adaptability during the COVID-19
pandemic. Operating mills during lockdowns and contributing to the country’s demand
for hand sanitizers, the industry demonstrated its robustness.
Fair Practices and Farmer Well-being
India has become the payer of the highest cane price to its farmers while maintaining
efficiency, profitability, and self-sufficiency without relying on government financial
assistance. The sugar industry’s synergy with the government has resulted in historic lows
in cane dues pendency, reflecting the industry’s commitment to prioritizing the well-being
of farmers.
Consumer-Centric Approach
India has set a benchmark in keeping domestic sugar retail prices consistent and stable,
limiting the increase to just 5%, despite a global surge of about 40% in one year. This
consumer-centric approach has positioned India as a responsible player in the global

sugar market.
International Collaboration and Knowledge Sharing
On the technical front, the National Sugar Institute in Kanpur has extended collaboration
with several countries, including Indonesia, Nigeria, Egypt, and Fiji. This initiative aims to
share the latest technologies and best practices in the sugar sector, showcasing India’s
commitment to fostering international cooperation.
High-Energy Particle "Amaterasu"
Astronomers have made a puzzling discovery, detecting a rare and incredibly high-energy
particle named Amaterasu falling to Earth. This mysterious particle, named after the
Japanese sun goddess, is causing confusion as it appears to originate from an apparently
empty region of space. The findings, outlined in a paper in the journal Science, raise
questions about the source and nature of such energetic particles.
Unprecedented Energy Levels
Amaterasu is one of the highest-energy cosmic rays ever detected, surpassing 240 exa-
electron volts (EeV). This energy level far exceeds particles produced in the Large Hadron
Collider, rivaling the energy of a golf ball traveling at 95mph. Second only to the Oh-My-
God particle detected in 1991, Amaterasu’s origin poses a significant mystery for
scientists.
Local Void and Galactic Magnetic Fields
The surprising aspect of Amaterasu’s discovery is that it seems to have emerged from the
Local Void, an empty region of space bordering the Milky Way galaxy. Scientists are
perplexed as there is no known source in this region capable of producing such high-
energy particles. The flight path of these ultra-high-energy particles is expected to be
relatively unbent by galactic and extra-galactic magnetic fields, allowing for easier
traceability to their origin.
Potential Explanations and Speculations
Scientists are considering various explanations, including the possibility of a super-
massive black hole at the heart of another galaxy as a candidate for such extreme energy
levels. However, the trajectory of Amaterasu points towards empty space, raising
questions about the accuracy of current models or the existence of unidentified sources in
the Local Void.
Telescope Array and Ongoing Research
The discovery was made possible by the Telescope Array observatory in Utah, uniquely
positioned to detect ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. Currently undergoing expansion, the
observatory aims to capture more of these extreme events with the addition of 500 new
scintillator detectors across a vast area. The ongoing research hopes to shed light on the
origin and nature of such enigmatic high-energy particles.
Conclusion: Unraveling the Cosmic Mystery
Amaterasu’s discovery challenges our current understanding of cosmic phenomena,
prompting scientists to explore unconventional explanations. As astronomers continue
their research and expand observational capabilities, the hope is to unravel the mysteries
behind these ultra-high-energy particles and gain deeper insights into the vast cosmic
landscape.
November 27, 2023
Union Minister Inaugurates International Seminar in Bhubaneswar
Union Minister for Education and Skill Development & Entrepreneurship, Shri Dharmendra
Pradhan, kicked off the two-day ‘International Seminar on Santha Kavi Bhima Bhoi and the
Legacy of Mahima Cult’ in Bhubaneswar today. The event, organized by a collaboration
between the Central University of Odisha, Guru Ghasidas Viswavidyalaya, Central Tribal
University of Andhra Pradesh, SOA Deemed University Bhubaneswar, and the Centre of
Excellence for Studies in Classical Odia, CIIL, is supported by the Ministry of Education.
The Mahima Cult: A Spiritual Movement in Odisha
The Mahima Cult, deeply embedded in the spiritual and cultural terrain of Odisha, India,
stands as a unique religious movement emphasizing simplicity, equality, and devotion to
the formless Divine. At its core are two influential figures, Mahima Gosein and his disciple
Bhima Bhoi, who, in the late 19th century, left an enduring impact on Odia society through
the Mahima Movement. This movement’s influence continues to resonate in the region’s
cultural and social fabric.
Santha Kavi Bhima Bhoi: The Saint Poet of Eastern India
Bhima Bhoi, often referred to as the “Santha Kavi” or “Saint Poet,” is highly revered across
eastern India for his spiritual teachings and literary contributions. His Odia Bhajans and
Chautisa (devotional songs), particularly the famous “Stuti Chanitamani,” are a testament
to his deep devotional, spiritual, and philosophical insights.
Exploring the Themes of the Seminar
The seminar aims to explore various facets of the lives and works of Mahima Gosein,
Santha Kavi Bhima Bhoi, and Biswanath Baba. It will delve into the profound impact of the
Mahima Cult on spiritual, social, and cultural aspects. The following sub-themes will guide
the discussions:
1. Mahima Gosein & Santha Kavi Bhima Bhoi – The Lives and Works of the Saints
2. Sarvadharma Samanwaya – Mahima Cult Origins and Beliefs
3. Samajik Samarasta – Social Reforms and Equality through the Mahima Cult
4. Janajagarana – The Mahima Impact on Tribal Communities
5. Adhyatma Samaj – Interplay of Spirituality and Social Transformation
6. Kala O Sanskriti – Exploring the Artistic and Cultural Expressions Within the
Mahima Tradition
7. Odia Sahitya O Bhima Bhoi – The Literary Legacy
8. Adhunikata – The Contemporary Relevance of Mahima Philosophy and
Teachings
9. Sanskrutik Samrakshan: Preserving and Promoting the Cultural Heritage of the
Mahima Cult
10. Santha Parampara O Bhima Bhoi – Santha Tradition and Bhima Bhoi
Prime Minister Narendra Modi's Historic Tejas Jet Flight
Prime Minister Narendra Modi achieved a historic milestone recently as he completed a
sortie in the supersonic multirole fighter jet Tejas. This makes him the first head of
government to undertake such a feat, marking a significant moment for India’s
indigenous defense capabilities.
Incredible Experience and Confidence Boost
Modi expressed his experience as “incredibly enriching and significantly bolstering my
confidence in our country’s indigenous capabilities.” The sortie, lasting 30 minutes, took
place from the Aircraft Systems Testing Establishment in Bengaluru, as reported by the
Defence Ministry.
Tejas: India’s Indigenous Multirole Fighter Jet
Tejas is a twin-seat fighter aircraft, the first to be entirely designed, developed, and
manufactured in India. It boasts capabilities for offensive air support and ground attack
roles, being deemed “quite superior” to its contemporaries by the Ministry of Defence.
Induction and Future Deliveries
The Indian Air Force (IAF) inducted the first version of Tejas in 2016. Hindustan
Aeronautics Limited (HAL), the Bengaluru-based Defence PSU, is set to start delivering the
LCA Mk 1A aircraft to the IAF in February 2024, fulfilling a substantial order for 83 jets
valued at Rs 36,468 crore.
Expansion of Production Lines
HAL has established two production lines of LCA Tejas in Bengaluru, capable of producing
up to 16 aircraft per year. Another production line is being set up in Nashik, scheduled to
start production in 2024-25, with the goal of producing 24 or more aircraft.
Investment in LCA Mk 2 Development
The Ministry of Defence has allocated over Rs 9,000 crore for the development of LCA Mk
2, an upgraded and more potent version of LCA Tejas. In the foreseeable future, Tejas is
expected to become the largest fleet of fighter aircraft operated by the IAF.
Current Operational Status
Two squadrons of the IAF, namely 45 Squadron and 18 Squadron, are fully operational
with LCA Tejas. The aircraft is making significant contributions to India’s defense
capabilities, showcasing the country’s commitment to indigenous defense production.
Visit to Production Facilities
During his visit to Bengaluru, Prime Minister Modi toured the Tejas production facilities.
He was also shown various indigenous helicopters, including the Light Combat Helicopter
(LCH) Prachand, Advanced Light Helicopter-WSI Rudra, and Light Utility Helicopters,
reflecting India’s progress in aeronautical technology.
Prachand: Meeting Defense Needs
Prachand, capable of flying up to 6 km altitude, has been deployed with the Army and IAF.
There is an additional requirement for 156 such helicopters from the defense forces,
indicating the success and demand for indigenous defense solutions produced by HAL.
Inauguration of Hamfest India 2023

The two-day national convention, Hamfest India 2023, was inaugurated by Shri Devusinh
Chauhan, the Minister of State for Communications, at Vigyan Bhawan, Science City,
Ahmedabad, Gujarat, on November 25, 2023.
Hamfest India 2023: A Comprehensive Platform
Hamfest India 2023 serves as a comprehensive platform for amateur radio enthusiasts,
bringing together technical workshops, stalls showcasing innovations, a trade show, flea
market, and various activities tailored for HAMs. The event fosters connection among
HAMs, offering opportunities for face-to-face meetings and providing insights into the
latest communication techniques and technological advancements.
Cultural Programs and Historic Significance
Beyond technical engagements, the event integrates cultural programs and photo
sessions, enhancing the overall experience for participants. Hamfest India 2023 holds
historical significance as the largest gathering of Indian HAMs, dating back to its inception
in 1991. It symbolizes the vibrant community of amateur radio operators in India and
continues to play a crucial role in fostering innovation, knowledge sharing, and
community building.
Amateur Radio (HAM Radio): A Unique Hobby
Amateur radio, or HAM radio, is a popular hobby involving the use of radio frequency
spectrum for non-commercial purposes. HAM operators engage in diverse activities such
as contests, emergency communication support, experimentation, technical learning, and
community engagement. The hobby offers a blend of technical learning, global
connectivity through radio waves, and a strong emphasis on innovation and service.
Neanderthals' Speech Capacities Revealed
In a groundbreaking study published in 2021, researchers unveiled evidence that
Neanderthals possessed the capacity both to hear and produce speech sounds akin to
modern humans. The study, led by palaeoanthropologist Mercedes Conde-Valverde of the
University of Alcalá in Spain, utilized high-resolution CT scans and 3D modeling of
Neanderthal ear structures to shed light on their linguistic capabilities.
Challenging Outdated Perceptions
Contrary to outdated views depicting Neanderthals as primitive, recent evidence indicates
their intelligence, demonstrated through technology, tool crafting, art creation, and
funeral rituals. The question of their ability to communicate verbally has long intrigued
scientists, with some asserting that only modern humans had the cognitive capacity for
complex linguistic processes.
Decoding Neanderthal Hearing Capacities
To unravel the mystery, the research team analyzed the ear structures of Neanderthals
and a Sima hominin ancestor, a fossil dating back approximately 430,000 years. By
employing auditory bioengineering models, they determined the frequency range to
which Neanderthal ears were most sensitive. The results showed that Neanderthals had
optimized hearing in the 4 to 5 kilohertz range, similar to modern humans, suggesting a
need for vocal communication.

Key Findings and Linguistic Complexity
The study emphasized that Neanderthals possessed a communication system as complex
and efficient as modern human speech. Notably, the occupied bandwidth of Neanderthals
extended into frequencies involved in consonant production, distinguishing their
vocalizations from those of non-human primates.
Implications for Language Evolution
While the anatomical evidence doesn’t confirm cognitive abilities, the researchers
highlighted the absence of evidence for complex symbolic behaviors in the Sima
hominins, in contrast to the Neanderthals. This parallel suggests a coevolution of complex
behaviors and vocal communication abilities. The findings support the idea that
Neanderthals had a form of human language, distinct in complexity from communication
systems observed in non-human organisms.
Exclusion of CERT-In from RTI Ambit
The Central government has recently included the Computer Emergency Response Team
(CERT-In) in the list of organizations exempted from the Right to Information Act (RTI),
2005. CERT-In, the national agency responsible for responding to computer security
incidents, falls under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology. The move
has sparked concerns as it limits transparency for an entity crucial in addressing cyber
threats and enhancing security awareness.
CERT-In’s Role and Objectives
CERT-In plays a pivotal role in responding to computer security incidents promptly.
Among its key objectives is the enhancement of security awareness among common
citizens. The agency operates under the Ministry of Electronics and Information
Technology, reflecting its significance in safeguarding digital infrastructure and
addressing cybersecurity challenges.
Exemptions Under RTI Act
The RTI Act, enacted in 2005, exempts certain intelligence and security organizations from
its purview. This exemption includes entities listed in the Second Schedule, with a
provision excluding information related to allegations of corruption and human rights
violations. The recent amendment adds CERT-In as the 27th organization exempted under
this provision.
Concerns Raised
The decision to exclude CERT-In from RTI scrutiny raises concerns about transparency and
accountability, particularly in the realm of cybersecurity. As a national nodal agency, CERT-
In’s activities are crucial for addressing cyber threats and ensuring the security of critical
digital infrastructure. The move to shield it from RTI inquiries may impact the public’s
access to information on cybersecurity incidents, response strategies, and overall
governance of digital security.
Historical Context
The Second Schedule of the RTI Act was last amended in 2016, with the addition of the
Strategic Forces Command. Other organizations under the Ministry of Defence, such as
the Defence Research and Development Organisation and Border Roads Development
Board, are also listed in the Second Schedule.
CERT-In’s Recent Cybersecurity Involvement
CERT-In’s involvement in investigating significant cyber attacks, such as the response to
the ransomware attack on All India Institute of Medical Sciences in November 2022,
underscores its critical role in safeguarding digital systems. The exemption from RTI
scrutiny comes at a time when public awareness and transparency in cybersecurity are
increasingly vital.
Government Announces Mandatory Blending of Compressed Biogas (CBG) in CGD Sector
The Central government has unveiled a roadmap for the mandatory blending of
compressed biogas (CBG) in the city gas distribution (CGD) sector, targeting the
transportation and domestic segments. The decision was approved by the National
Biofuels Coordination Committee (NBCC) during a meeting, aiming to boost the
manufacturing and consumption of CBG in India.
Phased Implementation
The mandatory blending will be introduced in a phased manner, commencing in the fiscal
year 2025-26. The blending obligation is set at 1% of total compressed natural gas (CNG)
and domestic piped natural gas (PNG) consumption for FY26, escalating to 3% for FY27, 4%
for FY28, and reaching 5% from FY29 onwards. The Central Repository Body (CRB) will
oversee and implement the blending mandate.
Objectives and Implications
The government outlines several objectives for the Compulsory Blending Obligation
(CBO), including stimulating demand for CBG in the CGD sector, reducing liquefied natural
gas (LNG) imports, saving foreign exchange, promoting a circular economy, and
contributing to the net-zero emission target. Petroleum Minister Hardeep Singh Puri
anticipates investments worth approximately Rs 37,500 crore and the establishment of 750
CBG projects by FY29.
Biogas Production and CBG Characteristics
Biogas, derived from biomass decomposition, serves as a precursor to CBG production.
Sources include agricultural residue, cattle dung, sugarcane press mud, municipal solid
waste, and sewage treatment plant waste. CBG, with over 90% methane content, closely
resembles commercially available natural gas in composition and energy potential.
Challenges and Past Initiatives
Despite the government’s Sustainable Alternative Towards Affordable Transportation
(SATAT) scheme, launched in 2018 with the aim of establishing 5,000 CBG plants by 2023,
progress has been slow. The scheme aimed to produce 15 million tonnes of CBG.
However, only 48 CBG units have been set up under SATAT, prompting concerns about
clarity and procedural hurdles.
Parliamentary Standing Committee Recommendations
The Parliamentary Standing Committee on Petroleum and Natural Gas has raised
concerns about the sluggish progress in CBG initiatives. The committee recommended
financial assistance for entrepreneurs establishing CBG units and urged public sector oil
and gas companies to invest in CBG plants to demonstrate viability and instill confidence
among potential investors.
India and US to Simplify Antiquities Return Process with Cultural Property Agreement
India is on the verge of finalizing an agreement with the United States that simplifies the
process for the return of stolen antiquities. The proposed Cultural Property Agreement
(CPA) will shift the burden of proof from India to the US, automatically facilitating the
return of items without India having to prove ownership. The CPA is expected to be
implemented from the fiscal year 2025-26. The move aims to streamline the repatriation
process and expedite the return of smuggled cultural property.
Bilateral Cooperation and Historical Context
The agreement signifies bilateral cooperation between India and the US in addressing the
issue of stolen antiquities. Discussions on the CPA gained momentum during Prime
Minister Narendra Modi’s state visit to the US in June 2022. India has been actively seeking
the return of its heritage and cultural artifacts, and the CPA is viewed as a significant step
in simplifying the repatriation process.
US Response and Diplomatic Collaboration
The US Embassy in New Delhi expressed eagerness to conclude the bilateral CPA,
highlighting the shared priorities of both countries in protecting and returning cultural
property. The protection and return of cultural property are emphasized as priorities for
both India and the US. The collaborative efforts between the Ministry of Culture and the
Indian Embassy in Washington over the past two years have paved the way for the CPA.
Implementation Details and Expected Impact
The proposed CPA is expected to come into effect in the next few months, streamlining
the repatriation process by intercepting smuggled goods at the US border and facilitating
their expeditious return. The agreement is designed to prevent illegal trafficking of
cultural property from India to the US and aligns with broader objectives such as
promoting a circular economy and contributing to the target of net-zero emissions.
Potential for Further Agreements
Buoyed by progress with the US, India is exploring similar agreements with other
countries where Indian art objects are believed to have been smuggled. The CPA model
seeks to impose import restrictions to prevent the entry of looted and stolen cultural
property into the US while encouraging legal sharing of such objects for scientific, cultural,
and educational purposes.
Simplified Repatriation Process and Future Prospects
The CPA’s key feature is the simplified process for returning objects to the partner
country. Once objects are seized and forfeited under import restrictions created by the
CPAs, the partner country does not have to prove ownership. The US automatically offers
the objects for return. This streamlined approach is expected to expedite the return of
antiquities and contribute to the broader goal of preserving and repatriating cultural
heritage.
Basic Animal Husbandry Statistics 2023 Report
The Basic Animal Husbandry Statistics 2023 report, released by Union Minister Parshottam
Rupala, highlights substantial growth in milk, egg, and meat production in India during
the fiscal year 2022-23. The report, based on the Animal Integrated Sample Survey
conducted between March 2022 and February 2023, provides insights into the
performance of the livestock sector.
Milk Production
India’s milk production increased by 3.8% year-on-year, reaching 230.58 million
tonnes in 2022-23.
Uttar Pradesh contributed the highest share at 15.7%, followed by Rajasthan
(14.44%), Madhya Pradesh (8.73%), Gujarat (7.49%), and Andhra Pradesh (6.70%).
Karnataka recorded the highest annual growth rate at 8.76%, followed by West
Bengal (8.65%) and Uttar Pradesh (6.99%).
Egg Production
Egg production witnessed a growth of 6.7% year-on-year, reaching 138.38 billion.
Andhra Pradesh emerged as the leading egg producer with a 20.1% share, followed
by Tamil Nadu (15.58%), Telangana (12.77%), West Bengal (9.94%), and Karnataka
(6.51%).
West Bengal recorded the highest annual growth rate at 20.1%, followed by Sikkim
(18.93%) and Uttar Pradesh (12.80%).
Meat Production
Meat production increased by 5% over the previous year, totaling 9.77 million tonnes
in 2022-23.
Uttar Pradesh contributed 12.2% of the country’s total output, followed by West
Bengal (11.9%), Maharashtra (11.5%), Andhra Pradesh (11.2%), and Telangana (11%).
Sikkim recorded the highest annual growth rate in meat production at 63%, followed
by Meghalaya (38.34%) and Goa (22.98%).
Wool Production
Total wool production in India registered a negative growth of 16.8% over the past
five years, reaching 33.61 million kg in 2022-23.
However, there was a 2.1% increase in wool production compared to the previous
year.
Assam Government, NDDB Sign MoU for the Holistic Development of Dairy Sector
In a significant move aimed at transforming the rural landscape through dairy farming,
the Assam government has entered into a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with
the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB). This collaboration is set to bring about
holistic development in the state’s dairy sector.
Ambitious Milk Production Targets
Atul Bora, the Minister of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary in Assam, revealed that the
government has set an ambitious target of increasing daily milk production to 39 lakh
litres in the state. The current production stands at 29 lakh litres per day, and the plan is to
process an additional 10 lakh litres daily.
Making Assam Self-Sufficient in Dairy
Minister Bora emphasized the government’s vision to make Assam a self-sufficient state in
both milk and egg production in the coming years. The collaborative efforts with NDDB
aim to establish six mega plants within the state to further boost production and
processing capabilities.
Initiatives for Dairy Sector Development
The Assam government has taken various initiatives for the development of the dairy
sector in the state. Minister Bora highlighted the fact that around 95 percent of the total
milk production in the state is currently unorganized.
Mega Milk Processing Plants
The Assam government has identified land at three locations to set up mega milk
processing plants, each with a capacity of one lakh litres per day. These plants are part of
the Assam Dairy Development Plan and will be established through a joint venture
company of NDDB and the state government.
National Milk Day Celebrations
National Milk Day, celebrated on November 26, was marked in Guwahati this year. The
event witnessed the presence of Union Minister of State for Animal Husbandry, Dairy
Parshottam Rupala, Arunachal Pradesh Minister, MPs, and other senior government
officials.
Historical Agreement
In January of the previous year, the Assam government and NDDB signed a historic
agreement to create a Rs 2,000-crore joint venture. The aim is to achieve holistic
development in the state’s dairy sector, with a target to process 10 lakh litres of milk
through six new units within seven years.
The Hidden Costs of Extreme Weather: Long-Term Impact on Economies
A recent study sheds light on the long-term economic consequences of extreme weather
events, particularly tropical cyclones, and their impact on the social cost of carbon. The
social cost of carbon is a crucial metric in shaping climate policies, estimating the future
costs societies will bear due to the emission of one additional tonne of carbon dioxide into
the atmosphere.
India’s Economic Damages: Surprising Revelations
The study indicates that India’s long-term economic damages from tropical cyclones are
projected to be higher than expected, ranging from $43-47 per tonne of carbon dioxide.
This revelation raises concerns about the underestimated long-term effects of extreme
weather events on economic development.
Global Ramifications: A 20 Percent Increase
Globally, the long-term impacts of tropical cyclones contribute to a more than 20 percent
increase in the global social cost of carbon compared to previous estimates. Countries
significantly affected by this increase include India, the United States, China, Taiwan, and
Japan, collectively driving up the global social cost.

Unforeseen Consequences: Slowing Down Economic Development
According to Hazem Krichene, the study’s author and scientist at the Potsdam Institute for
Climate Impact Research, intense tropical cyclones have the potential to impede a
country’s economic development for over a decade. This analysis highlights the far-
reaching consequences of extreme weather events beyond immediate damages.
Current Policies Falling Short
The study suggests that current climate policies may be insufficient as they do not
adequately account for the long-term effects of extreme events. The social cost of carbon
estimates, according to the researchers, fails to present a comprehensive picture of
economic damages.
Global Warming Amplifies Challenges
As global warming intensifies, the study emphasizes that the frequency of intense tropical
cyclones is likely to increase. This poses a significant challenge as economies may struggle
to fully recover between successive storms, further amplifying the economic toll of
extreme weather events.
Overlooked Growth Impacts: A New Approach
To gain insights, the researchers examined historical growth responses to tropical
cyclones from 1981 to 2015 across 41 countries. They projected these responses for future
global warming scenarios. The study reveals that the current social cost of carbon
estimates does not fully capture the economic damages caused by extreme weather
events.
Uniform Impact Across Income Groups
The economic damages from tropical cyclones affect all income groups, with growth
losses recorded across high-income, upper-middle-income, lower-middle-income, and
low-income countries. The study underscores that the share of losses is significant across
the board, regardless of a country’s development level.
Ayushman Bharat Health and Wellness Centres to be Renamed as 'Ayushman Arogya Mandir'
In a significant move, the Union Government has announced the renaming of the existing
Ayushman Bharat Health and Wellness Centres (AB-HWCs) to be called ‘Ayushman Arogya
Mandir.’ The rebranding initiative aims to further the vision of Ayushman India and
transition healthcare delivery from illness to wellness. The tagline accompanying the new
name is ‘Arogyam Parmam Dhanam.’ The Union Health Ministry has directed all States
and Union Territories to complete the rebranding process by the end of 2023.
Evolution from Illness to Wellness
The letter from the Ministry emphasizes the success of wellness centres in shifting the
focus of healthcare from illness to wellness. This renaming initiative is seen as a crucial
step in realizing the broader goals of Ayushman India and enhancing the primary
healthcare landscape in the country.
National Health Mission Logo Retained
While the Ayushman Bharat-Health and Wellness Centres undergo a name change, the
National Health Mission (NHM) logo is to be retained in the rebranded centres. This
decision ensures continuity and aligns the new identity with the broader health mission
objectives.
Guidelines for Regional Branding
The Ministry’s communication highlights guidelines for regional branding. If scripts other
than Devanagari (Hindi) or English are used, the full title can be translated into the state
language(s), while the tagline must be transliterated. This ensures linguistic diversity while
maintaining a unified identity.
Implementation and Funding
The rebranding process is expected to be completed by the end of 2023, and States are
required to upload photographs of the rebranded primary health facilities onto the AB-
HWC portal. The estimated funds required for this renaming initiative have been proposed
at ₹3,000 per facility.
Compre hensive Primary Healthcare Network
India currently boasts over 1.6 lakh AB-HWCs, which play a vital role in providing
comprehensive primary healthcare services. These services include maternal and child
health services, along with free essential drugs and diagnostic services, bringing
healthcare closer to people’s homes. Additionally, the AB-HWCs offer screenings for
various health conditions, including hypertension, diabetes, and cancer.
Salmonella Outbreak Linked to Cantaloupes: One Dead, 17 Hospitalized in Canada
A salmonella outbreak linked to cantaloupes has resulted in one fatality and 17
hospitalizations in Canada, according to the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC). The
outbreak has affected a total of 63 individuals across the country. In the United States, 15
states have reported infections, with 50 hospitalizations and symptoms including diarrhea,
fever, and stomach cramps.
Severity of Salmonella Infection
Salmonella infection, also known as salmonellosis, is a bacterial disease impacting the
intestinal tract. The bacteria are typically shed through stool, and humans can become
infected through contaminated water or food. The Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC) note that salmonella infection can be fatal, especially among children
and individuals with weakened immunity.
Recall and Identification
The Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) has added Rudy Brand cantaloupes to the
list of produce identified in the salmonella outbreak. Food recall warnings were issued
earlier this month, initially linked to 12 infections in Ontario. Quebec has reported the
highest number of cases at 35, with additional infections in British Columbia, Prince
Edward Island, and Newfoundland and Labrador.
Risk Factors
Experts highlight that while anyone can contract salmonella, certain factors increase the
risk of infection or serious illness. These include living or working around high-risk
animals, frequent use of antacids or antibiotics, inflammatory bowel disease or irritable
bowel syndrome (IBS), age (under 5 or over 65), compromised immune system, and
conditions like sickle cell disease.
Signs and Symptoms
Common signs and symptoms of salmonella infection include diarrhea with bloody stools,
high fever, stomach pains, nausea, vomiting, and constant headache. The infection is
highly contagious and can be transmitted from person to person or even from pets.
Proper hand hygiene is essential to prevent the spread of the bacteria.
Treatment and Recommendations
Salmonella infection cannot be treated with medication, and treatment depends on the
symptoms and complications. Antibiotics may be prescribed, and severe cases may
require hospitalization. Adequate fluid intake is crucial, and intravenous fluids may be
administered in cases of severe dehydration.
Unraveling History: Diphtheria's Cinematic Role in Ridley Scott's Napoleon
In Ridley Scott’s upcoming cinematic saga, Napoleon, the life of Josephine Bonaparte,
portrayed by Vanessa Kirby, takes center stage. The film delves into the intricacies of
Josephine’s existence, marked by a prior marriage, the upheavals of the French
Revolution, and her iconic relationship with Napoleon. As the narrative unfolds, questions
arise about Josephine’s post-divorce life and the circumstances surrounding her death.
Cinematic Tapestry
Vanessa Kirby’s portrayal brings Josephine to life as a multifaceted character, navigating
the complexities of love, loss, and historical tumult. The film skillfully captures her first
husband’s tragic fate during the French Revolution, intertwining it with the stormy
romance with Napoleon. The result is a tapestry that weaves together fact and fiction,
inviting audiences to traverse the labyrinthine corridors of history.
Historical Accuracy vs. Cinematic Conjecture
While the film suggests that diphtheria played a role in Josephine’s demise, historical
records state that she succumbed to pneumonia in 1814. The Château de Malmaison, her
post-divorce residence, was witness to her passing. The alleged link to diphtheria in the
cinematic narrative introduces a layer of complexity, emphasizing the interplay between
historical accuracy and artistic interpretation.
Controversies and Legacy
Josephine’s final resting place, the Saint Pierre-Saint Paul Church in Rueil-Malmaison,
remains a site of controversy. The defacement of her statue in 1991 and its toppling in
2020 symbolize ongoing debates about historical legacies and their connections to social
issues. Josephine’s impact, both during her life and in modern times, continues to spark
discussions that transcend the boundaries of history.
Vanessa Kirby’s Impact
Vanessa Kirby’s immersive portrayal adds depth to Josephine’s character, contributing to
the enigma of her life. The cinematic exploration, while speculative in parts, presents a
captivating perspective on the events surrounding Josephine’s final days. As audiences
embark on this cinematic journey, the tapestry of Josephine’s life unfolds, inviting
contemplation on the intersection of fact and fiction.

November 28, 2023
National Event Launching Anganwadi Protocol for Divyang Children
The Ministry of Women and Child Development is gearing up for a significant national
event to introduce the Anganwadi Protocol for Divyang Children. This initiative is a crucial
component of the Poshan Bhi Padhai Bhi program, falling under Mission Saksham
Anganwadi and Poshan 2.0. The event, scheduled for November 28, will be chaired by
Union Minister Smriti Zubin Irani at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi.
Panel Discussion on Early Identification and Inclusion
A key highlight of the event will be a panel discussion focusing on strategies for early
identification, screening, and inclusion at Anganwadi Centres. The panel will include senior
officers from MoHFW, DEPwD, and State WCD Secretaries, along with experts from
organizations like NIMHANS. The participation of CDPOs, Lady Supervisors, Anganwadi
Workers, and ASHA workers from across the country is expected. Notably, experienced
Anganwadi workers involved in the care of Divyang children will share their insights and
best practices.
Event Objectives: Improving Well-being Through Inclusion
The primary goal of the event is to underscore the importance and feasibility of enhancing
children’s well-being through early intervention and specialized support. Emphasis will be
on infants and young children at risk or with disabilities and/or developmental delays. The
event aims to advocate for the critical role of the Anganwadi eco-system in reaching over
eight crore children aged from birth to six years daily, establishing it as a pivotal access
point for securing the future of the country’s children.
Education and Support for Families and Communities
A vital aspect of the initiative is educating and supporting families and communities to
enhance the participation of Divyang children in family and community life. Recognizing
the significance of the Anganwadi system, the event will explore ways to improve the
ecosystem’s ability to build a strong foundation for the nation’s children.
Aligning with National Policies: Education and Inclusion
The event aligns with the National Education Policy 2020, emphasizing the integration of
Divyang students into mainstream schools rather than establishing segregated
institutions. The National Curriculum Framework for Foundational Stage 2022 provides
guidance on addressing developmental delays and disabilities in schools. Poshan Bhi
Padhai Bhi endorses the national ECCE Taskforce’s recommendation for play-based and
activity-based learning, emphasizing special and timely support for Divyang children.
Preventative Measures According to National Policy
Referencing the Draft National Policy For Persons with Disabilities (Divyangjan) (2021), the
event acknowledges that one-third of disabilities in India are estimated to be preventable
with early detection and adequate intervention. Poshan Bhi Padhai Bhi aims to equip 13.9
Lakh Anganwadi centers with a multi-sensory and toy-based approach to address the
diverse needs of children, contributing to the strengthening of the foundation for India’s
future generations.
Launching the “Guide on Gender-Inclusive Communication”
Union Minister for Women and Child Development and Minority Affairs, Smriti Zubin Irani,
is set to unveil the “Guide on Gender-Inclusive Communication” on November 28, 2023, at
Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi.
Collaborative Effort for Gender Inclusivity
The guide’s launch is a collaborative effort involving the Ministry of Women and Child
Development (MWCD), the National Gender and Child Centre (NGCC), Lal Bahadur Shastri
National Academy of Administration (LBSNAA) in Mussoorie, with support from the Bill &
Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) and UN Women.
Empowering ‘Nari Shakti’
Aligned with the government’s commitment to strengthen ‘Nari Shakti,’ MWCD continues
its initiatives to promote gender equality and empowerment. The guide signifies a crucial
milestone in this journey, reflecting MWCD’s dedication to creating a society where
women not only become equal partners in the nation’s development but also contribute
to the overarching vision of ‘Women-led Development’ as envisioned by the Prime
Minister.
Role of Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration
The tireless efforts of Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration, Mussoorie,
have played a pivotal role in ensuring that gender-inclusive communication becomes an
integral part of everyday administrative outreach to citizens. The Academy’s training of
civil servants focuses on institutionalizing a gender-just administrative framework.
LBSNAA aims to incorporate insights from the guide, ensuring its principles become
practical components of administrative practices. This collaborative effort reinforces
MWCD’s commitment to fostering a gender-inclusive and empowered nation, aligning
with its vision for a more equitable and just society.
Rat-Hole Mining: A Risky Rescue Method in Uttarkashi Tunnel Collapse
Efforts to rescue 41 workers trapped in the collapsed Silkyara-Barkot tunnel face setbacks
as drilling machinery breaks down. In response, rescuers turn to rat-hole mining to reach
the stranded workers.
The Setback and the Shift to Rat-Hole Mining
After encountering a major setback with the drilling machinery breaking down, rescuers at
the Silkyara-Barkot tunnel are adopting an unconventional approach – rat-hole mining.
The machine drilling through the debris faced challenges due to a broken auger joint,
prompting rescuers to explore alternative methods.
Understanding Rat-Hole Mining
Rat-Hole Mining: An Overview
Rat-hole mining is a unique method primarily used for extracting coal from narrow,
horizontal seams, especially prevalent in Meghalaya. The term “rat hole” refers to the
narrow pits dug into the ground, just large enough for one person to descend and extract
coal.
Process of Rat-Hole Mining

Miners descend into the narrow pits using ropes or bamboo ladders to reach coal seams.
The coal is then manually extracted using primitive tools such as pickaxes, shovels, and
baskets. Two main types of rat-hole mining exist – side-cutting and box-cutting. In side-
cutting, narrow tunnels are dug on hill slopes until the coal seam is found. In box-cutting,
a rectangular opening is made, and a vertical pit is dug, leading to horizontal tunnels for
coal extraction.
Environmental and Safety Concerns
Risks Associated with Rat-Hole Mining
Despite its historical use, rat-hole mining poses significant safety and environmental
hazards. The mines are often unregulated, lacking safety measures such as proper
ventilation, structural support, or safety gear for workers. Additionally, the process
contributes to land degradation, deforestation, and water pollution.
Controversies Surrounding Rat-Hole Mining
The method has faced severe criticism due to hazardous working conditions,
environmental damage, and numerous accidents leading to injuries and fatalities.
Attempts by authorities to regulate or ban such practices often face challenges due to
economic factors and the absence of viable alternative livelihoods for the local population.
Ban on Rat-Hole Mining and Subsequent Developments
In 2014, the National Green Tribunal (NGT) banned rat-hole mining, citing cases of
flooding during the rainy season resulting in fatalities. The ban was retained in 2015,
particularly addressing the prevalent use of this method in Meghalaya for coal mining.
In response to the ban, the Meghalaya state government appealed to the Supreme Court,
seeking reconsideration. The legal battle reflects the ongoing struggle to balance
economic interests with the environmental and safety concerns associated with rat-hole
mining.
Malaysia Grants Visa-Free Entry to Indians
Close on the heels of Sri Lanka and Thailand, Malaysia is set to grant visa-free entry to
Indians for stays of up to 30 days starting December 1, according to Malaysian Prime
Minister Anwar Ibrahim.
Visa Exemption for Indians and Chinese Until 2024
The visa exemption, which has also been extended to Chinese citizens, will be in effect
until December 31, 2024. Prime Minister Ibrahim made this announcement during a
speech at his People’s Justice Party congress on Sunday.
India and China are among Malaysia’s top five source markets for tourism. According to
the Malaysia Tourism Promotion Board, the country recorded 91 lakh tourist arrivals until
June this year, with around five lakh from China and 2.8 lakh from India.
Post-Pandemic Recovery and Tourist Arrival Targets
Malaysia, positive about its post-pandemic recovery, aims to achieve 1.5 crore foreign
tourist arrivals this year, as stated by Malaysian government officials. Notably, several
West Asian countries, such as Turkey and Jordan, already enjoy a 30-day visa-free entry
into Malaysia.
Malaysia boasts a 29 lakh-strong overseas Indian community, including Persons of Indian
Origin (PIOs) and NRIs. Reflecting an upswing in ties between the two nations, Prime
Minister Ibrahim is expected to travel to India in the first half of next year.
India: Asia’s Largest Outbound Travel Market in 2022
India emerged as the largest source market for outbound travellers in Asia in 2022, with
the top five destinations being the UAE, Saudi Arabia, USA, Singapore, and Thailand. This
significant group includes a large chunk of diaspora travellers.
Prime Minister Ibrahim clarified that the 30-day visa exemption for Indian and Chinese
travellers will be subject to security clearance. Initial screenings will be conducted, and
individuals with criminal records or the risk of terrorism will not be allowed to enter.
Sri Lanka’s Pilot Project for Tourism Boost
In October, Sri Lanka’s Minister of Foreign Affairs, Ali Sabry, announced visa-free entry for
visitors from seven countries, including India and China, under a pilot project. The
exemption will continue until March 31 next year, aiming to boost tourism recovery in the
crisis-hit country with a target of 50 lakh arrivals by 2026.
According to the latest data from the Sri Lanka Development Authority, India is the largest
source of tourists with over 2 lakh arrivals so far this year, followed by Russia with 1.32
lakh arrivals.
Farlowichnus rapidus Discovered in Brazil
In a significant discovery, a new species of dinosaur has been identified in Brazil based on
footprints found in the city of Araraquara.
Italian Priest’s Remarkable Discovery in the 1980s
In the 1980s, Italian priest and palaeontologist Giuseppe Leonardi discovered a series of
dinosaur footprints, or “trackways,” in Brazil’s Botucatu Formation. These fossilized
imprints, found in ancient sandstones, hinted at the existence of an unknown dinosaur
species.
Driven by curiosity and a passion for palaeontology, Leonardi meticulously collected and
documented the trackways. In 1984, he donated the specimens to Brazil’s Museum of
Earth Sciences for future analysis.
Years of meticulous examination and comparison with existing dinosaur track records
revealed unique characteristics, including long, slender toes and a wide stride. These
features suggested an agile, desert-dwelling dinosaur previously unknown to science.
Farlowichnus rapidus: The Fast Farlow’s Track
In 2023, a groundbreaking study led by Leonardi officially named the new species
Farlowichnus rapidus, meaning “Fast Farlow’s track.” Researchers described it as a small,
speedy carnivore that inhabited the arid landscapes of early Cretaceous Brazil around 125
million years ago. The discovery underscores the importance of preserving and studying
fossil trackways. These footprints provide valuable insights into the diversity and behavior
of ancient dinosaurs, offering a glimpse into Earth’s prehistoric past.
Size and Characteristics
Farlowichnus rapidus was a small carnivorous animal, roughly the size of a modern-day
seriema bird, standing at about 60-90 cm (2-3 feet) tall, according to researchers. The
geological service noted that the large distance between the footprints suggests that
Farlowichnus rapidus was a very fast reptile, running across ancient dunes during the
early Cretaceous period, which extended from 100 to 145 million years ago.
UK Confirms First Human Case of Swine Flu Strain
Recently, the UK confirmed its first human case of the swine flu strain, influenza A(H1N2)v,
similar to the one circulating in pigs. The infected individual, experiencing respiratory
symptoms, has fully recovered from the mild illness, according to UK health officials. The
source of the infection is unknown and is currently under investigation. The UK Health
Security Agency (UKHSA) is closely monitoring the situation and following up with close
contacts of the case. Testing of contacts will be conducted if necessary.
Guidelines for Individuals with Respiratory Symptoms
Individuals experiencing respiratory symptoms are advised to adhere to guidelines
provided by UKHSA. This includes avoiding contact with others, especially the elderly or
those with pre-existing medical conditions, until symptoms subside.
Enhanced Surveillance Efforts
To enhance the detection of cases and assess transmission, UKHSA is increasing
surveillance efforts. Meera Chand, Incident Director at UKHSA, highlighted the role of
routine flu surveillance and genome sequencing in detecting the virus. This is the first
time the virus has been identified in humans in the UK, although it closely resembles
viruses found in pigs.
Investigations and Global Context
Investigations are ongoing to determine how the individual acquired the infection and
whether there are any associated cases. Influenza A(H1) viruses are enzootic in swine
populations globally. When a swine influenza virus is detected in a person, it is termed a
‘variant influenza virus.’ Swine influenza A viruses, including H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2, are
the main subtypes in pigs and can occasionally infect humans through exposure to pigs or
contaminated environments.
Global Cases and UK Context
The UK Health Security Agency reported a total of 50 human cases of influenza A(H1N2)v
globally since 2005. However, this strain has not been previously detected in humans in
the UK. Investigations will continue to provide insights into the origin and implications of
this rare case.
Bharat Tex 2024: A Showcase of India's Textile Powerhouse Aspirations
The upcoming Bharat Tex exhibition scheduled for February is poised to be a
comprehensive display of the entire textile value chain, bringing together participants
spanning from farmers to fashion designers. The event, taking place at both Bharat
Mandapam and the newly constructed Yashobhoomi in the capital, underscores India’s
commitment to becoming a global textile powerhouse through innovation, collaboration,
and the “Make in India” ethos.

Strategic Timing and Expansive Venue
Timed strategically to coincide with the announcement of general elections, the exhibition
will cover an expansive two lakh square feet, equivalent to 45 football fields. With a focus
on the textile sector, which involves a significant number of weavers, artisans, and
workers, Bharat Tex 2024 aims to showcase India’s dedication to the complete textile
value chain.
India’s 5F Vision: Farm to Fibre to Factory to Fashion to Foreign
Bharat Tex 2024 represents India’s 5F vision, encapsulating the entire textile journey from
Farm to Fibre to Factory to Fashion to Foreign. This vision emphasizes India’s readiness to
compete globally in the textile sector, producing not only for the domestic market but also
for the international audience.
Global Participation and Industry Leaders
The four-day event is expected to attract global CEOs, policymakers, and more than 3,500
exhibitors from around the world. Over 3,000 overseas buyers from 40 countries and more
than 40,000 domestic buyers are anticipated to participate. The textiles ministry,
collaborating with trade bodies, has extended invitations to global players such as Chanel,
LVMH, Uniqlo, Zara, and Walmart. Notably, Walmart is hosting its first global sourcing
meeting around the same time.
Promoting “Local for Global” Theme
The organizers are working on the theme of “local for global,” aiming to showcase nearly
100 top Indian brands such as Fabindia, Nalli, Arvind Mills, and Raymond. The focus is on
transforming Indian manufacturers from vendors for big brands to significant players on
the international stage, ultimately contributing to improving unit value realization.
Export Ambitions and Economic Growth
India’s ambition is to secure a larger share of the global textile market, targeting an
increase in exports from $45 billion to $100 billion. As the textile sector continues to be a
major focus, Bharat Tex 2024 serves as a platform to elevate India’s standing and
influence in the global textile landscape.
Australia Plans to Regulate Digital Payment Services Like Apple Pay and Google Pay
Australia’s government has announced plans to regulate digital payment services,
including Apple Pay, Google Pay, and other digital wallets. The move aims to bring these
services under the same regulatory framework as credit cards and other traditional
payment methods. This legislative initiative is set to be introduced to parliament later this
week.
Expanding Regulatory Oversight
Digital wallets offered by major players like Apple, Google, and Tencent (developer of
WeChat) have gained immense popularity in Australia. However, these digital payment
methods currently operate outside the scope of existing Australian payments law. The
upcoming legislation, which was initially proposed last month, will expand the regulatory
authority of the Reserve Bank of Australia to include oversight of new and emerging
payment technologies.
Addressing the Rise in Digital Wallet Usage
Regulators are responding to the rapid growth of digital wallets, particularly among the
younger demographic. In the June quarter, transactions from digital wallets accounted for
35% of all card transactions, a significant increase from 10% in early 2020. Notably, two-
thirds of Australians aged between 18 and 29 now use mobile payments, a stark contrast
to the pre-pandemic figure of less than 20%.
Special Oversight for National Significance
In addition to bringing digital payment services under regulatory oversight, the proposed
amendments will grant relevant ministers the power to subject a system or platform to
special oversight if it poses a risk of “national significance.” This provision underscores the
government’s commitment to ensuring the security and stability of the digital payment
landscape in Australia.
Irish Author Paul Lynch Clinches 2023 Booker Prize for 'Prophet Song'
Irish author Paul Lynch secured this year’s prestigious Booker Prize for his fifth novel,
‘Prophet Song,’ in a glamorous ceremony held at Old Billingsgate on Sunday. The
dystopian narrative unfolds in Ireland, depicting the challenges faced by protagonist Eilish
Stack as the nation inches toward totalitarianism.
Challenging Writing Journey
In his acceptance speech, Lynch acknowledged the difficulty of writing ‘Prophet Song.’ He
candidly shared that, despite concerns about the impact on his career, he felt compelled
to create this novel. Lynch emphasized the lack of choice in such matters, underscoring
the urgency of addressing themes explored in the book.
A Dedication to Children
Expressing gratitude, Lynch extended thanks to “all the children of this world who need
our protection” and have endured or continue to endure the depicted terrors. This
acknowledgment highlighted the novel’s exploration of challenging and pressing issues
affecting vulnerable populations.
Judges’ Praise for Fearless Storytelling
The chair of the judging panel, novelist Esi Edugyan, praised Lynch’s fearlessness in
storytelling. She commended his unflinching portrayal of state violence and displacement,
noting the absence of easy consolations in ‘Prophet Song.’ Edugyan, a two-time
shortlistee for the Booker Prize herself, emphasized the unsettling experience the judges
felt while immersed in Lynch’s powerfully constructed world.
Exploring the World of ‘Prophet Song’
‘Prophet Song’ delves deep into the refugee experience, chronicling Stack’s quest for
safety beyond Ireland’s borders. The novel paints a stark picture of Ireland’s oppressive
environment, where navigating treacherous waters may seem less perilous than
remaining on solid ground. Edugyan stressed that the judges sought a work with a
timeless quality, and Lynch’s creation evidently met that criterion.
Fifth Irish Writer to Claim Booker Prize
Paul Lynch joins the ranks of distinguished Irish writers by becoming the fifth to clinch the
Booker Prize in its 54-year history. Ireland’s strong presence in this year’s competition was
evident, with four of the thirteen longlisted authors hailing from the country. Alongside
Lynch, Elaine Feeney, Paul Murray, and Sebastian Barry showcased Ireland’s literary
prowess on the international stage.
Who is Paul Lynch?
Paul Lynch is an acclaimed Irish writer, recognized for his outstanding contribution to
literature. His novel ‘Prophet Song’ has now earned him the coveted 2023 Booker Prize,
solidifying his place among the literary elite.
‘Prophet Song’: Unveiling Totalitarianism in Ireland
The novel ‘Prophet Song’ unfolds the gripping narrative of Eilish Stack as she grapples
with protecting her family in a slowly deteriorating Ireland succumbing to totalitarianism.
Lynch’s storytelling skillfully captures the challenges and complexities of the protagonist’s
journey in this dystopian landscape.
Bihar's Call for Special Category Status (SCS)
On November 22, the Chief Minister Nitish Kumar-led Cabinet took a significant step by
passing a resolution urging the Centre to grant special category status (SCS) to Bihar. This
demand is grounded in the findings of the “Bihar Caste-based Survey, 2022,” revealing
that almost one-third of Bihar’s population continues to grapple with poverty.
Understanding Special Category Status
Special Category Status (SCS) is a classification bestowed by the Centre to aid the
development of states facing geographical or socio-economic disadvantages. Introduced
in 1969 on the recommendation of the fifth Finance Commission, SCS considers factors
such as hilly terrain, low population density, strategic location along international borders,
economic and infrastructural backwardness, and non-viable state finances before its
grant.
Benefits Tied to Special Category Status
Historically, SCS states received grants under the Gadgil-Mukherjee formula, allocating
nearly 30% of total central assistance to them. However, changes post the abolition of the
Planning Commission and recommendations of the 14th and 15th Finance Commissions
altered this landscape. Despite this, SCS states continue to enjoy a more favorable Centre-
State funding ratio for centrally sponsored schemes and other incentives like concessions
in customs and excise duties.
Why Bihar is Pushing for Special Category Status
Bihar’s plea for SCS stems from its prolonged struggle with poverty and backwardness,
attributed to factors like a scarcity of natural resources, water supply challenges, frequent
floods, and severe droughts. The state’s division resulted in the migration of industries to
Jharkhand, exacerbating unemployment and limiting investment opportunities. With a
per-capita GDP of approximately ₹54,000, Bihar remains among the most economically
challenged states. Chief Minister Nitish Kumar emphasizes that the grant of SCS could
provide around ₹2.5 lakh crore for various welfare measures over the next five years.
Similar Demands Across the Nation
Bihar is not alone in seeking SCS. Since its bifurcation in 2014, Andhra Pradesh has sought
SCS, citing revenue loss due to Hyderabad going to Telangana. Odisha, vulnerable to
natural calamities and with a substantial tribal population, has also pressed for SCS.
However, these requests have been consistently denied by the Central government,
referencing the recommendations of the 14th Finance Commission.
Justifying Bihar’s Demand
While Bihar largely meets the criteria for SCS, it falls short in terms of hilly terrain and
geographically difficult areas, seen as crucial for infrastructural development. The
Raghuram Rajan Committee in 2013 labeled Bihar as “least developed” and proposed a
new methodology based on a ‘multi-dimensional index’ for fund allocation, indicating an
alternative approach to address the state’s socio-economic backwardness. This suggests a
nuanced evaluation beyond the conventional SCS framework.
Butterfly Migration in Tamil Nadu: Below-Par Phenomenon Raises Concerns
The mesmerizing annual migration of butterflies from the Eastern Ghats towards the
Western Ghats in Tamil Nadu, coinciding with the onset of the Northeast monsoon,
witnessed a subpar occurrence this year. Tracking this phenomenon since 2013, The
Nature and Butterfly Society (TNBS) observers noted a deviation from the usual large-
scale movement, attributing it to below-normal rainfall in the west zone districts.
Origins of Migration
The Eastern Ghats complex, including the Yercaud hills, Pachamalai, Kolli hills, and
Kalvarayan hills, serves as the major starting point for butterfly migration in Tamil Nadu.
Before the Northeast monsoon sets in, butterflies from the subfamily Danainae, such as
Blue Tiger, Dark Blue Tiger, Double-branded Crow, and Common Crow (collectively known
as ‘Tigers and Crows’), embark on a journey westward. However, this year, observers
noted only a limited migration of these species since September.
Rainfall Discrepancy
TNBS reports that Tamil Nadu experienced 92% of its normal rainfall from June to
September 2023. However, districts crucial for migratory movement in the west zone,
particularly Salem and Namakkal, faced rainfall deficits of 7% and 10%. TNBS member A.
Pavendhan suggests that optimal migratory movement is observed during periods of
excess rainfall, possibly contributing to the subdued migration this year.
Impact on Regular Routes
Many well-established migratory routes, usually bustling with butterfly activity, remained
dormant this season. Out of the usual 15 migratory routes in Coimbatore district, only a
handful showed any movement. Notable butterfly congregations were observed in
specific locations like Ponnuthu hills, Kallar, and Anaikatti.
Climate and Migration Dynamics
Observers highlight the intricate relationship between climatic conditions and butterfly
migration, pointing to a potential correlation between rainfall and migration patterns.
TNBS has collaborated with ‘Butterfly Migration India,’ a portal aggregating information
from all states, to deepen the understanding of this phenomenon.
Local Albatross Movement
While the migratory spectacle saw a dip, observers noted a noteworthy local movement of
Common Albatross butterflies in large numbers. This species, belonging to the Pieridae
family, showcased vibrant activity from the low to mid-elevation hills of Anaikatti and the
Nilgiris, heading towards the Sirumugai forest range and Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve
in the second week of November.
28th European Union Film Festival (EUFF) of India
The 28th European Union Film Festival (EUFF) is set to captivate audiences in New Delhi
from December 1 to 10. This cinematic extravaganza, dedicated to celebrating the rich
cultural ties between India and the European Union, will feature 28 films in 25 languages
from 28 European countries.
Spotlight on Women Directors
In a noteworthy move, 18 of the selected films for this year’s festival are directed by
women, echoing a commitment to highlighting and honoring women in cinema. The
festival aims to explore and appreciate ‘the art of storytelling from the woman’s
perspective.’
Notable Film Highlights
Among the anticipated films is “Tori and Lokita,” winner of the Special 75th Anniversary
Award at Cannes 2022. The film portrays the unbreakable friendship between a young boy
and an adolescent girl who have embarked on a journey from Africa, facing the challenges
of exile.
“Alice Diop’s Saint Omer,” winner of the Grand Prix for Best Film at the Venice Film
Festival in 2022, delves into the story of a young novelist, Rama, attending the trial of
Laurence Coly, a woman accused of killing her daughter. The film explores the impact of
the accused’s words and witness testimonies on Rama’s convictions.
“The Banshees of Inisherin,” nominated for nine Oscars in 2023, is a black comedy by
Martin McDonagh set on a remote Irish island. The film follows a troubled young
islander’s quest to repair a damaged relationship with his closest friend.
“Slovenian film Riders,” the country’s official submission for the Best International Feature
Film at the 96th Academy Awards, revolves around two friends transforming their mopeds
into choppers. Their journey takes an unexpected turn when they are joined by a young
runaway woman and an old biker, turning it into a quest for identity.
“Luxembourg, Luxembourg,” a Ukrainian comedy, follows the journey of two siblings,
Mykola and Vasya, searching for their estranged father in Luxembourg after learning of
his terminal illness. The film explores contrasting perceptions of their father as a hero and
a scoundrel.
Travelling Beyond Delhi
After its stint in Delhi, the festival will travel to Chennai from January 19 to 28, continuing
to showcase the diverse cinematic expressions from European filmmakers. The EUFF
promises a captivating exploration of stories, perspectives, and cultural connections

through the lens of European cinema.
UK's Colonial History Doubles Its Historical Emissions in Global Heating
Recent analysis reveals that the United Kingdom is responsible for nearly twice as much
global heating as previously estimated when accounting for its colonial history. While the
UK’s domestic emissions contribute to 3% of total world emissions dating back to 1850,
the figure rises to over 5% when emissions from countries once under British empire rule
are attributed to the UK. The additional emissions primarily result from deforestation in
the colonized nations, with India, Myanmar, and Nigeria being major contributors before
their independence.
Shift in Rankings
This analysis by Carbon Brief alters the UK’s position from eighth to fourth in the list of
nations with the most substantial historical emissions, placing it behind the US, China, and
Russia. The implications of historical emissions are significant, as there is a direct link
between the amount of carbon dioxide released over time and the current level of heating
at the Earth’s surface.
Climate Justice Debate
The issue of responsibility is central to international climate negotiations, with ongoing
discussions on climate finance to support developing nations. The upcoming Cop28
summit will see debates on a crucial “loss and damage” fund. The UK’s historical colonial
emissions highlight the broader challenge of addressing climate justice and reparations.
Global Impact
The impact of climate change is disproportionately affecting poorer nations with low
emissions, despite the primary contributors being rich nations. The analysis underscores
the role of developed countries, particularly former colonial powers, in current warming
and emphasizes their responsibility to support climate responses in less developed
nations.
Colonial Emissions of Other Nations
The Netherlands and France also experience a shift in historical responsibility rankings
when colonial emissions are considered. The Netherlands, which colonized Indonesia,
rises from 35th to 12th in the ranking. France’s total emissions increase by 50%.
Per Capita Historical Emissions
The analysis also calculates per capita historical emissions from 1850 based on today’s
population. The Netherlands tops the list in per capita historical emissions, followed by the
UK.
Global Impact of Colonial Rule
The analysis brings attention to the devastating losses and damages experienced in
former British colonial territories. However, there are concerns that the proposed setup of
the loss and damage fund may not adequately hold former colonizers accountable for
their historical responsibility.
Response and Action
Climate activists and organizations argue that the UK must align its actions with its historic
responsibility, especially as it currently ranks as the fourth-highest historic carbon emitter.
Critics point to concerns such as new oil and gas licenses and controversies around the
delivery of promised climate finance.
Government Response
The UK government emphasizes its decisive actions to cut emissions faster than other
major economies, accounting for 1% of annual global emissions. It underscores
investments to support the transition to net-zero and reduce emissions further.
Methodology
Carbon Brief’s analysis uses published historical emissions data from 1850 to 2021,
incorporating data updates to 2023. The study accounts for 46 countries that were once
part of the British empire, attributing emissions from former Soviet republics to Russia.
Indian Army to Acquire 200 Mounted Howitzers in Border Areas Modernization
In an effort to enhance its mobile firepower in high-altitude border areas like the Line of
Actual Control with China, the Indian Army is set to issue a tender for the acquisition of
200 new mounted howitzers equipped with 105 mm guns. This ‘Make in India’ project
aims to strengthen formations deployed in forward positions, marking the first
deployment of 105 mm mounted howitzers in the Indian artillery.
Indigenous Modernization
The Indian Army is pursuing indigenous modernization of its artillery capabilities,
leveraging the capabilities of Indian firms. This initiative aligns with the ‘Make in India’
route, with the Indian industry showcasing expertise in artillery systems. The procurement
includes 200 mounted howitzers and a separate case for the clearance of 400 new towed
guns, all contributing to the indigenous development of artillery capabilities.
Discussion on Towed Artillery Guns
The Defence Acquisition Council meeting scheduled for November 30 will discuss the
proposal for procuring 400 towed artillery gun systems under the ‘Make in India’ route.
The focus is on developing the 155 mm/52 calibre Towed Gun System, emphasizing lighter
weight, versatility, and compatibility with future technological advancements.
Tender for Advanced Towed Artillery Gun Systems (ATAGS)
The Indian Army has already issued a tender for the procurement of 307 Advanced Towed
Artillery Gun Systems (ATAGS) and is seeking a mounted gun system for border
requirements with China and Pakistan. The aim is to ensure that the Indian Designed,
Developed, and Manufactured howitzers are entirely indigenous. The Army emphasizes
lighter weight for easy deployment in high-altitude regions.
Mediumisation Plan and Procurement Timeline
The procurement process is part of the Indian Army’s Mediumisation plan with indigenous
guns, with the goal of completion by 2042. Over the last decade, contracts have been
concluded for the procurement of various gun systems, including Dhanush, Sharang, Ultra
Light Howitzer (ULH), and K-9 Vajra Self Propelled Guns. These acquisitions contribute to
the ongoing modernization efforts and enhancement of artillery capabilities in the Indian
Army.
Regimental Equipments
Seven Regiments have already been equipped with ULHs, while five have been equipped
with self-propelled guns, showcasing the progress in enhancing the artillery capabilities of
the Indian Army. The ongoing modernization efforts reflect a strategic focus on
indigenous development and strengthening the nation’s defense capabilities in critical
border areas.
WHO Highlights Alarming Rates of Violence Against Women Globally
The World Health Organization’s (WHO) Regional Director for South-East Asia, Dr Poonam
Khetrapal Singh, has drawn attention to the alarming prevalence of physical and/or sexual
violence against women globally. Almost one in three women worldwide experiences such
violence in her lifetime, with intimate partner violence being a significant contributor. The
South-East Asia Region ranks second-highest, with an estimated 33% prevalence.
Human Rights Violation
Violence against women is a grievous violation of human rights and has significant health
impacts. The WHO Regional Director’s statements coincide with the start of the annual
campaign, “16 Days of Activism for No Violence against Women,” which runs from
November 25 to December 10.
Campaign Initiatives
During the 16 days of activism, WHO, in collaboration with UNFPA’s regional office for Asia
and the Pacific, is conducting a webinar on recently released guidance for integrating
violence against women and girls (VAWG) into training curricula for health professionals.
The campaign aims to raise awareness, promote prevention, and address the critical issue
of gender-based violence.
Preventable Nature of Violence
Dr Khetrapal Singh emphasized that violence against women is preventable and rooted in
gender inequality and harmful gender norms. Intimate partner violence and sexual
violence are linked to factors at individual, family, community, and societal levels. The
health sector, being a critical part of a multisectoral strategy, plays a vital role in
preventing and responding to violence against women.
Health Sector’s Role
The health sector’s role includes strengthening the capacity of health systems, ensuring
adequate resources, and providing appropriate delivery of services for survivors. Health
facilities should identify and establish referral links to available services for survivors.
Health providers play a crucial role in offering medical treatment, empathetic listening,
and connecting survivors to support.
Prevention and Advocacy
The health sector, in collaboration with other stakeholders, is also essential in preventing
violence against women and girls. Dr Khetrapal Singh highlighted the need for early
identification and intervention to prevent or reduce the recurrence of violence.
Additionally, the health sector has a role in advocating for evidence-informed policies and
strategies for gender-based violence prevention and response.
Boita Bandana: Commemorating Odisha's Maritime Heritage
People in Odisha celebrated Boita Bandana, a boat festival marking the maritime glory of
the region. This annual observance takes place on Kartik Purnima, the full moon day in the
holy month of Kartik, usually falling in October or November. Boita Bandana is a cultural
tribute to Odisha’s ancient maritime activities and trade relations with Southeast Asian
countries.
Symbolic Act of Floating Boats
On Kartik Purnima, miniature boats made of banana stems, paper, and colored cloth are
set afloat in rivers, ponds, and the sea. This symbolic act pays homage to Odisha’s rich
maritime history and the courageous sailors who engaged in trade with Southeast Asian
nations. The festival serves as a cultural bridge connecting the present generation with
the seafaring legacy of their ancestors.
Historical Significance
Boita Bandana has deep historical significance, reflecting Odisha’s role as a major
maritime power in ancient times. The festival recalls the maritime adventures of
merchants who sailed on Boitas to trade with countries like Java, Sumatra, Bali, and
Indonesia. The act of setting sail on miniature boats with offerings is a gesture of
remembrance and gratitude to the sea god Varuna.
Nostalgia and Reverence
The festival creates an atmosphere filled with nostalgia and reverence for the ancestors
who contributed to Odisha’s maritime heritage. It symbolizes the resilience and
adventurous spirit of Odisha’s forebears who ventured into unknown waters for
commerce and cultural exchange. Boita Bandana is a cultural and social event that fosters
a sense of pride and unity among the people.
Cultural Events and Celebrations
In addition to the traditional rituals, Boita Bandana is accompanied by cultural events,
fairs, and processions. These activities enhance the cultural and social dimensions of the
festival, bringing communities together to celebrate their shared heritage. Boita Bandana
serves as a vibrant reminder of Odisha’s historical ties with other maritime civilizations
and instills a sense of cultural pride among the people.
November 29, 2023
Krishnaveni Sangeetha Neerajanam Prequel Event
The Ministry of Tourism joined hands with the Ministry of Culture, Sangeet Natak
Academy, and the State Government of Andhra Pradesh to host a unique festival. This
prequel event aimed to showcase the rich heritage of classical music and highlight lesser-
known tourist spots.
Successful Prequel Events Across Andhra Pradesh
On November 27, 2023, prequel events unfolded at six locations across the state. These
events provided a sneak peek into the main festival scheduled for December 10th to 12th,
2023, in Vijayawada.
Cultural Extravaganza in Vijayawada
The Krishnaveni Sangeetha Neerajanam in Vijayawada promises not only mesmerizing
classical music but also a feast for the senses. The festival will include a vibrant display and
sale of regional cuisine, local handicrafts, and handlooms. Additionally, the event aims to
bring attention to hidden gems in the region, encompassing spiritual, heritage, and eco
destinations.
A Harmonious Blend of Art and Culture
The prequel events held in Bobilli, Rajahmundry, Lepakshi, Movva, Nellore, and Kurnool
witnessed the convergence of renowned artists and active participation from students
representing music colleges in Andhra Pradesh and music enthusiasts from the region.
Rajamahendravaram’s Musical Extravaganza
At Sri Venkateswara Anam Kalakendram, Rajamahendravaram, the prequel event featured
outstanding musical performances by Dr. Manda Anantha Krishna, Peravali Nandakumar,
Peravali Jayabhaskar, and M. Hari Babu. The presence of dignitaries, including Shri
Bharath, Member of Parliament, added grandeur to the event, attended by 850
enthusiastic participants.
Lepakshi’s Night of Melodies
The prequel event at Nandi statue, Lepakshi, showcased stellar performances by Vid.
Vinay Sarva, Vid. Vaibhav Ramani, Vid. BS Prashanth, and Vid. Gopi Shravan. The event,
graced by Shri Chethan IAS, Joint Collector of Sri Satyasai District, drew a crowd of 300,
including school students, ASI officials, and local district administration.
Nellore’s Riverside Musical Soiree
Set against the scenic backdrop of the Penna river at Sri Ranganatha Temple, Nellore, the
prequel event featured brilliant performances by Smt K. Gayathri, Smt Deepika
Venkatraman, and Shri Kishore Ramesh. Chief Guest Shri Venkateswarlu’s presence added
to the charm, with over 80 participants, including Yuva Tourism Club members and
devotees, attending.
Kurnool’s Musical Extravaganza
The prequel event at Sri Sharada Government Music College, Kurnool, showcased
captivating performances by Smt. Kothapalli Vandana, Shri. Komanduri Venkata Krishna,
Shri. Kotipalli Ramesh, and Kum. K. Sruthi Samhitha. The event, attended by 180
participants, including students of Sri Sharada Government Music College and the general
public, was graced by officials from the District Administration, AP Tourism, and Culture
Department.
4th ASEAN India Grassroots Innovation Forum
India and 10 ASEAN Member States (AMS) showcased unity at the launch of the 4th edition
of the ASEAN India Grassroots Innovation Forum (AIGIF). The event, graced by 200
participants, aims to strengthen the bond between India and AMS through cooperation in
Science, Technology, and Innovation (STI).
A Platform for Innovation and Cooperation
The AIGIF, an annual program, is designed to foster collaboration and deepen ties
between India and AMS. With a focus on social innovations across countries, it also plays a
pivotal role in fortifying governance in the grassroots innovation ecosystem.
Key Collaborators
This annual initiative is a collaborative effort between the ASEAN Committee on Science,
Technology, and Innovation (COSTI); the Department of Science & Technology (DST),
Government of India; the National Innovation Foundation (NIF) – India; and the host
nation’s Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation (MOSTI), represented by Yayasan
Inovasi Malaysia (YIM) for the year 2023.
Inauguration by Malaysian Minister
Mr. YB Chang Lih Kang, Minister of Science, Technology, and Innovation, Government of
Malaysia, officially launched AIGIF 2023. Recognizing the forum’s significance, he
emphasized its role in showcasing and promoting innovations that can positively impact
lives at the grassroots level. He urged participating nations to commit to social
innovations for a better future, emphasizing cross-border mechanisms and information
sharing.
Highlights and Perspectives
The event saw the participation of Dr. Arvind C Ranade, Director, NIF; Dr. Sulakshana Jain,
Scientist E, International Cooperation Division, DST, Government of India; and other NIF
staff members. The delegation included 17 student innovators and grassroots innovators
from India, contributing to a total representation of 200 from 11 countries.
A Continuing Success Story
Building on the success of previous editions in Jakarta, Indonesia (2018), Davao,
Philippines (2019), and Phnom Penh, Cambodia (2022), AIGIF 2023 reinforces its
commitment to overcoming societal challenges through increased participation and
collaboration in Langkawi, Malaysia.
India Launches First Tranche Auction of Critical and Strategic Minerals
The Ministry of Mines is set to mark a significant milestone by launching the inaugural
tranche auction of critical and strategic minerals. Union Minister of Coal, Mines, and
Parliamentary Affairs, Shri Pralhad Joshi, will inaugurate this historic event on November
29, 2023. The auction includes twenty blocks of critical and strategic minerals strategically
located across the country, aiming to bolster the economy, fortify national security, and
support the nation’s transition towards a cleaner energy future.
Essential for Economic Development and National Security
Critical minerals play a pivotal role in India’s economic development and national security.
Recognizing their importance, this auction aims to address supply chain vulnerabilities by
ensuring the availability and extraction of these minerals spread across the country. The
global shift towards a technology-driven economy heavily relies on minerals like lithium,
graphite, cobalt, titanium, and rare earth elements (REE).
Meeting the Demands of a Green Energy Future
India’s commitment to achieving 50% of cumulative electric power installed capacity from
non-fossil sources by 2030 is a driving force behind the surge in demand for critical
minerals. These minerals, crucial for sectors like renewable energy, defense, agriculture,
pharmaceuticals, high-tech electronics, telecommunications, transport, and gigafactories,
are currently met through imports.
Amendment to MMDR Act and Royalty Rates
A significant step in this direction occurred on August 17, 2023, with the amendment of
the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act. The amendment identified 24
minerals as critical and strategic, granting the Central Government the authority to
prioritize their auction. The revenue generated from these auctions will benefit the
respective State Governments. Royalty rates for critical minerals have also been
rationalized to encourage broader participation.
Transparent Online Auction Process
The auction process, commencing on November 29, 2023, will be conducted online
through a transparent two-stage ascending forward auction process. To ensure
widespread access to information, details of mineral blocks, auction terms, timelines, and
other relevant information can be accessed on the MSTC auction platform from 6 pm on
November 29, 2023.
Encouraging Participation and Rationalized Royalty Rates
To incentivize participation, royalty rates for critical minerals have been specified. For
example, Platinum Group of Metals (PGM) has a royalty rate of 4%, Molybdenum at 7.5%,
and Glauconite and Potash at 2.5%, as specified in March 2022. The rates for Lithium,
Niobium, and Rare Earth Elements were outlined on October 12, 2023, with royalty rates
set at 3%, 3%, and 1%, respectively.
NDA Expo Autumn Term 2023
The NDA Expo Autumn Term-2023 commenced with an inauguration by Mrs. Reyman
Kochhar, President of the Family Welfare Organisation, National Defence Academy (NDA).
This event serves as a culmination of diverse club activities at NDA, showcasing the talents
and achievements of cadets. The Expo features displays from 23 indoor and outdoor
hobby clubs, providing a vibrant exhibition open to visitors from November 27 to
November 29, 2023.
A Showcase of Cadet Talents
Parents of the passing out course are invited to witness the creative endeavors of NDA
cadets. The Expo not only celebrates the diverse talents within the Academy but also
offers a glimpse into the 75 Glorious Years of the institution. The NDA has played a pivotal
role in instilling jointmanship and military ethos in future military leaders while providing
avenues for self-expression and honing soft skills.
Evolution Over 75 Years
The growth and evolution of the Academy are prominently displayed through various club
exhibits. These exhibits reflect the rich history and traditions of the NDA, showcasing the
dedication and commitment of cadets and instructors. The Expo serves as a testament to
the Academy’s enduring legacy and its continuous efforts in shaping well-rounded and
capable military leaders.
Cadet Enthusiasm and Guidance
The success of the Expo is attributed to the enthusiasm of the cadets and the guidance
provided by their instructors. The event not only highlights the creative use of time by the
cadets but also underscores the importance of soft skills development within the military
training framework.
Crest of Yard 12706 (Imphal) Project 15B Stealth Guided Missile Destroyer
Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh, along with Manipur Chief Minister Shri N Biren Singh,
unveiled the crest of Yard 12706 (Imphal), the third among the four Project 15B stealth
guided missile destroyers. This significant event, held in New Delhi, pays homage to
Manipur’s contribution to India’s independence, sovereignty, and security. The crest,
adorned with the Kangla Palace and ‘Kangla-Sa,’ symbolizes the historical and cultural
significance of Manipur.
Tribute to Sacrifice: Kangla Palace and ‘Kangla-Sa’
The crest design showcases the Kangla Palace, a vital historical and archaeological site, on
the left, and ‘Kangla-Sa,’ a mythical being from Manipur history and the state emblem, on
the right. This tribute underscores the sacrifice made by the people of Manipur and their
role in shaping India’s destiny.
Indigenous Technological Marvel
Built by Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL), Mumbai, Imphal stands as a
testament to indigenous shipbuilding excellence. Delivered on October 20, 2023, the
guided missile destroyer, with a displacement of 7,400 tons and an overall length of 164
meters, represents a blend of advanced technology and indigenous craftsmanship.
Advanced Weaponry and Sensors
Imphal boasts state-of-the-art weapons and sensors, including surface-to-air missiles,
anti-ship missiles, and torpedoes. Powered by Combined Gas and Gas (COGAG)
propulsion, it can achieve speeds exceeding 30 knots (56 km/hr). The ship’s high
indigenous content, approximately 75%, showcases the prowess of Indian manufacturers
in contributing to its construction.
Impressive Achievements and Trials
The keel of Imphal was laid on May 19, 2017, and the ship was launched into the water on
April 20, 2019. Maiden sea trials commenced on April 28, 2023, and the ship underwent a
comprehensive schedule of trials, leading to its record-breaking delivery within six
months. As part of pre-commissioning trials, Imphal successfully fired an Extended Range
BrahMos missile, highlighting its operational capabilities.
Aatmanirbhar Bharat: A Maritime Tradition
The delivery of Imphal underscores the commitment to ‘Aatmanirbhar Bharat,’ as the ship
represents a significant achievement in indigenous shipbuilding. Following a maritime
tradition, the Indian Navy takes pride in naming its latest and most technologically
advanced warship after the historic city of Imphal. Imphal is the first capital warship
named after a city in the North-Eastern region, approved by the President on April 16,
2019.
Revisiting History: Women as Hunters in Prehistoric Societies
For years, the narrative of prehistoric societies perpetuated the idea of ‘Man, the Hunter,’
asserting that men were the primary hunters while women gathered. This theory,
influencing the division of labor based on gender, has been challenged by recent studies
highlighting the active participation of women in hunting activities. Two groundbreaking
studies emphasize not only women’s involvement in hunting but also the biological
advantages that women possessed in this domain.
Challenging ‘Man, the Hunter’ Narrative
The ‘Man, the Hunter’ theory, rooted in the 1960s research of anthropologists Richard
Borshay Lee and Irven DeVore, argued that evolutionary developments in humans were
primarily driven by the hunting of animals. Recent studies, however, have contested this
theory, suggesting that it overlooked the crucial role of women in hunting activities.
Evidence of Women as Hunters
A study conducted by American researchers analyzed 63 present-day foraging societies
worldwide, revealing that 79% of these societies had documentation on women
participating in hunting. This challenges the notion that biological factors such as
pregnancy and menstruation restricted women from engaging in hunting activities.
Physiological Advantages of Women in Hunting
The studies emphasize the role of estrogen, a hormone produced more in females than
males, in enhancing women’s endurance capabilities. While acknowledging biological
differences between genders, the researchers contend that females are metabolically
better suited for endurance activities, such as running. Estrogen influences fine-motor
control, memory, neuron growth, and fat metabolism, providing women with advantages
in endurance exercises.
Archaeological Evidence
Examining burial remains of Neandertals, the researchers found no significant differences
in trauma or injury patterns based on sex. This suggests that both males and females
engaged in similar activities, from hunting large game animals to processing hides. The
studies argue that between 45,000 and 10,000 years ago, while males showed injuries
associated with spear-throwing, it doesn’t negate female involvement in hunting,
considering the simultaneous invention of tools like bows and arrows, hunting nets, and
fishing hooks.
Shifts in Gender Roles
Around 10,000 years ago, with the advent of agriculture, gender roles became more rigid,
leading to economic inequality. The studies suggest that this shift, marked by the
intensive investment in land, population growth, and clumped resources, contributed to
the establishment of distinct gendered roles.
Correcting Historical Bias
Recent research challenges biases imposed on historical narratives and aims to correct
the modern-day misconceptions about prehistoric gender roles. The studies contribute to
reshaping our understanding of the dynamic roles women played in hunting and
subsistence activities during ancient times.
Diplomatic Tensions Rise Over Parthenon Sculptures: Greece and UK Clash
Diplomatic tensions flared on Monday as British Prime Minister Rishi Sunak canceled a
meeting with Greek Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis, sparking a diplomatic row over
the status of the Parthenon Sculptures housed at the British Museum. The contested
sculptures, also known as the Elgin Marbles, have been at the center of a longstanding
dispute, with Greece advocating for their permanent return to Athens.
The Parthenon Sculptures: An Ancient Legacy
The Parthenon Sculptures consist of more than 30 ancient stone sculptures from Greece,
dating back over 2,000 years. Originally adorning the walls and grounds of the Parthenon
temple on the Acropolis hill in Athens, these sculptures are considered a crowning
achievement of Athens’ Golden Age, dedicated to the goddess Athena.
Historical Acquisition and Controversy
In the early 19th century, Thomas Bruce, the 7th Earl of Elgin and then-British ambassador
to the Ottoman Empire, removed the sculptures from the Parthenon. The marbles were
subsequently purchased by the British Museum in 1816. While Lord Elgin claimed to have
had permission from the Ottoman Empire, Athens accused him of theft. The original letter
of permission is lost, contributing to ongoing disputes over the legality of their acquisition.
Greece’s Ongoing Campaign for Return
Since gaining independence in the early 1830s, Greece has consistently demanded the
return of the Parthenon Sculptures. The campaign gained momentum in the 1980s, with
actress and then-Greek Culture Minister Melina Mercouri leading the movement. Despite
persistent calls from Greece, the British Museum has rejected requests for repatriation.
British Museum’s Stance and Recent Developments
The British Museum argues that the sculptures were acquired legally under a contract
with the Ottoman Empire and resists their return. The institution contends that the public
benefits more from their divided display in two museums, citing losses and destruction of
some parts.
IUCN's Comprehensive Conservation Action Plans for Threatened Pollinator Groups in Europe
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has unveiled three
comprehensive Action Plans aimed at conserving threatened pollinator groups in Europe.
Developed under the auspices of an EU-funded project initiated in April 2021, these plans
are the result of collaborative efforts involving species experts, environmental NGOs,
academics, protected areas staff, and governmental authorities from across the continent.
1. Canarian Islands Endemic Pollinators – Conservation Plan 2023-2028
The initial Action Plan focuses on four insect species—two butterflies, one bee, and one
hoverfly—found in the ancient Laurel Forest habitat of the Canary Islands. Once
widespread in the Mediterranean area, this ecosystem faces degradation and destruction
due to human activities. The decline of this habitat, coupled with threats from alien
species and climate change, poses significant risks to the addressed species.
2. Teasel-Plant Specialised Bees in Europe – Conservation Action Plan 2023–2030
This Action Plan sheds light on the challenges faced by wild bees specialized in teasel
plants. Changes in land use, particularly agricultural intensification and the decline of
xerothermic grassland, have led to the reduction of host plants critical for the survival of
six bee species addressed in this Plan. The document outlines conservation actions to
mitigate the impact of habitat loss and promote the recovery of these vital pollinators.
3. Hoverflies Specialised to Veteran Trees in Europe – Conservation Action Plan 2023–2030
Dedicated to six hoverfly species dependent on veteran trees and wet, decaying wood, this
Action Plan emphasizes the importance of forestry practices that consider the needs of
these pollinators. Saproxylic insects, vital for pollination and ecosystem health, face
threats from the removal of veteran trees and unfriendly woodland management. The
plan outlines specific goals, actions, and timelines to safeguard these species.
Translating Plans into Reality
The Action Plans provide a roadmap for conservation efforts, setting specific goals,
actions, indicators, timelines, and involved stakeholders. The collaborative effort over two
years culminated in these comprehensive plans, aiming to improve the status of
threatened pollinator groups. In the coming months and years, stakeholders will work
together to translate these plans into actionable steps, driving positive change in the field
and realizing the conservation vision developed through collective expertise and
dedication.
Zimbabwe to Construct First Utility-Scale Geothermal Energy Independent Power Producer (IPP)
Zimbabwe has announced plans to build its first utility-scale geothermal energy
Independent Power Producer (IPP), aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions,
particularly from the energy sector, which is the highest contributor in the country. The
initiative is part of the Green Resilient Recovery Rapid Readiness and Geothermal Energy
Development Project, identified as a key intervention area under the Green Climate Fund.
The project involves constructing a 10MW geothermal power plant in the Chimbwatata
Hot Springs in Binga District, contributing to clean and reliable energy access. The move is
crucial amid challenges faced by hydropower due to climate change impacts, including
droughts and reduced water levels.
Key Points
1. Current Energy Mix: In 2021, Zimbabwe’s total energy generation comprised 29%
from non-renewable sources and 71% from renewables. Hydropower, constituting
69% of total energy generation, is the largest share, but climate change-induced
challenges have led to intensive load shedding and increased reliance on fossil fuels.
2. Geothermal Project Details: The geothermal project involves designing,
constructing, financing, operating, and maintaining a 10MW geothermal power plant
using binary cycle geothermal technology. The plant will be located in the
Chimbwatata Hot Springs in Binga District.

3. Climate Change Impact: Zimbabwe, despite contributing only 0.03% of global
greenhouse gas emissions in 2021, is highly sensitive to extreme climate events and
ranks among the top 10 countries most affected by climate change. The decline in
water levels in the Kariba South hydroelectric power plant due to drought has caused
an energy crisis in the country.
4. Alternative Energy Sources: The geothermal project aims to reduce reliance on
hydropower and diversify the energy mix. Zimbabwe has various untapped
renewable energy resources, including solar, wind, and biomass. The geothermal
power generation is seen as a viable option to meet growing power demand and
reduce emissions.
5. Challenges and Opportunities: The country faces challenges in financing capital-
intensive electricity projects, but joint ventures or private international capital could
play a role in their success. Solar energy, despite substantial potential, faces
constraints in meeting various energy needs, and other sources like wind, methane
gas, nuclear, and biofuels are considered as complementary options.
Climate Finance Update: $89.6 Billion in 2021, Doubts Over $100 Billion Goal
According to a recent report from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development (OECD), developed countries contributed and mobilized a total of $89.6
billion in climate finance for developing countries in 2021. This marked a 7.6% increase
from the previous year. However, adaptation finance saw a decrease of 14%, totaling $4
billion.
Uncertain Achievement of $100 Billion Goal
The OECD report suggests that the $100 billion goal set for developed countries providing
financial support to developing nations might have been achieved in 2022. Yet, the lack of
conclusive data raises questions about the validity of this claim.
Significance of OECD’s Latest Analysis
Published just before the 28th Conference of Parties to the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change (COP28), the OECD’s analysis holds significant importance.
The report evaluates progress toward the commitment made by developed countries at
COP15 in 2009 to provide $100 billion annually from 2020 to 2025 for addressing climate
needs in developing nations.
Tracking Progress: OECD’s Annual Climate Finance Report
The OECD’s annual climate finance report serves as a crucial tool for tracking progress
towards the $100 billion goal. It not only outlines overall trends but also provides detailed
analysis on scaling up adaptation financing and mobilizing private sector finance.
Key Highlights from the Reports
1. Public Climate Finance: In 2020, public climate finance from bilateral and
multilateral sources amounted to $73.1 billion, nearly doubling from $38 billion in
2013.
2. Adaptation and Cross-Cutting Finance: While adaptation finance decreased by 14%
in 2021, cross-cutting finance, supporting both adaptation and mitigation efforts,

increased from $6 billion in 2020 to $11.2 billion in 2021.
3. Private Climate Finance: Private climate finance mobilized reached $14.4 billion in
2021, constituting 16% of the total.
4. Sector-wise Distribution: Between 2016 and 2021, the highest climate finance
investments were in energy, transport and storage, agriculture, forestry, fishing,
water supply, and sanitation.
5. Loans Dominance: Loans dominated climate finance from developed countries,
representing over two-thirds of the total, amounting to $49.6 billion, while grants
were under 30% at $20.1 billion, and equity investments remained marginal.
Challenges and Concerns
The report raises concerns about the dominance of loans over more affordable sources of
finance, particularly affecting low-income countries. The quality of finance and the debt
burden on developing nations are persistent issues.
Uncertain Achievement of the $100 Billion Goal
Although a joint statement from Canada and Germany suggests that the $100 billion goal
was met in 2022, the OECD report emphasizes the lack of verified data supporting this
claim. The issue of finance quality, with a large portion being market rate loans, remains a
challenge.
OECD’s Recommendations
The OECD recommends focusing on increasing private finance mobilization and scaling up
adaptation finance. However, building trust remains a crucial factor, given the repeated
failure of developed countries to fulfill their promises. The $100 billion target is deemed
non-negotiated and non-reflective of the actual needs of developing countries, requiring a
reevaluation of global climate finance strategies.
Rising Toll of Disasters in India: A Year in Review
India has faced a relentless onslaught of disasters in the first nine months of this year,
ranging from heatwaves and cold waves to cyclones, lightning, heavy rain, floods, and
landslides. According to the “India 2023: An assessment of extreme weather events”
report by Down To Earth (DTE) magazine and the Centre for Science and Environment, the
toll has been staggering.
Human Lives and Livelihoods Affected
A total of 2,923 human lives have been lost, 1.84 million hectares of crop area affected,
80,563 houses destroyed, and approximately 92,519 livestock killed. However, these
figures may underestimate the actual loss and damage, as data for each event is not
systematically compiled, and losses to public property or crops are not fully calculated.
Regional Impact and Devastation
Madhya Pradesh experienced the highest frequency of extreme weather events, occurring
almost every second day. Bihar recorded the highest number of human deaths at 642,
followed by Himachal Pradesh (365 deaths) and Uttar Pradesh (341 deaths). Himachal
Pradesh also reported the highest number of damaged houses (15,407), while Punjab saw
the most significant loss of animal life, with 63,649 livestock deaths.
Winter Months: January-February 2023
January saw mildly warmer temperatures, while February experienced extreme heat, with
temperatures surpassing averages. Both months were drier than usual, with a significant
rainfall deficit. The winter months witnessed extreme weather events on 28 out of 59 days,
impacting 21 states and Union Territories.
Pre-monsoon Season: March-May 2023
The pre-monsoon season displayed near-normal temperatures but regional variations.
High rainfall, frequent lightning, and storms, including hailstorms, affected the entire
country. Extreme weather events occurred on 85 out of 92 days, spreading across 33
states and UTs, with Maharashtra and Rajasthan being the worst-hit.
Monsoon Season: June-September 2023
The monsoon arrived late but covered the entire country 15 days earlier than usual.
Cyclone Biparjoy and interactions with a western disturbance led to extreme rainfall and
flash floods. While some regions experienced heavy rainfall, others faced a deficit,
resulting in a near-normal monsoon year. Extreme weather events were reported on all
122 days during the season, causing significant human and material losses.
Changing Landscape of Extreme Weather Events
Traditionally viewed as rare occurrences, extreme weather events have become more
frequent, occurring every five years or less. The report highlights the unprecedented
nature and frequency of these events, impacting the most vulnerable communities.
Lightning and storms claimed 711 lives across all states and UTs, while the monsoon
brought widespread heavy rainfall, leading to devastating floods in various regions,
including Himachal Pradesh.
Harnessing Pressmud for Sustainable Energy in India's Sugar Industry
India has become a global leader in sugar production, surpassing Brazil since the 2021-22
period and ranking as the second-largest sugar exporter globally. The expansion of the
ethanol biofuel sector over the last five years has not only strengthened the sugar
industry but also enhanced the financial standing of sugar mills. A significant contributor
to this success is the utilization of pressmud, a byproduct in the sugar industry, as a
valuable resource for green energy production.
Pressmud: A Valuable Resource for Green Energy
Pressmud, also known as filter cake or press cake, is a residual byproduct in the sugar
industry. It has proven to be a valuable resource for green energy production. Typically
comprising 3-4% of the weight of processed sugarcane, pressmud serves as an excellent
feedstock for biogas production through anaerobic digestion, leading to the creation of
compressed biogas (CBG).
Advantages of Using Pressmud as Feedstock for CBG
Utilizing pressmud for CBG production offers several advantages:
1. Simplified Feedstock Supply Chain: Pressmud eliminates the complexities
associated with feedstock supply chains, as seen in the case of agricultural residue.
2. Single-Source Sourcing: The feedstock is sourced from one or two producers or

sugar mills, streamlining the procurement process compared to agricultural residue
involving multiple producers.
3. Quality Assurance: Pressmud’s quality is consistent, unlike municipal solid waste,
reducing concerns about inorganic material damaging anaerobic digesters.
4. Cost-Effective: Pressmud proves more economical than other feedstocks like
agricultural residue and cattle dung, with a conversion efficiency that requires less
input for the same gas output.
Challenges and Considerations
However, pressmud faces specific challenges:
1. Rising Prices: Recognized as a potential revenue generator, pressmud prices have
surged from Rs 100 per tonne to Rs 500-600 per tonne over the last two years.
2. Competition for Use: Pressmud competes for use as fertilizer and in bio-
composting, contending with spent wash and being used as fuel in brick kilns.
3. Storage Challenges: Storing pressmud for the entire year, especially when sugar
mills operate seasonally, poses challenges due to gradual decomposition, increasing
production costs.
Regional Production and Potential
Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra, primary sugarcane-growing states, contribute to
approximately 65% of the total sugarcane cultivation area. With effective utilization, the
11.4 million tonnes of pressmud generated in 2022-23 has the potential to produce
460,000 tonnes of CBG, valued at Rs 2,484 crore.
Unlocking the Full Potential of Pressmud
To fully unlock the potential of pressmud, several interventions are necessary:
1. Bioenergy Policies: States with high CBG potential should implement bioenergy
policies to streamline project approval processes and provide incentives.
2. Price Control Mechanism: Establish a mechanism to control pressmud prices to
ensure economic viability for CBG plants.
3. Extended Agreements: Encourage sugar mills to commit to extended agreements
(10-15 years) with CBG plants to stabilize feedstock costs.
4. Research and Training: Conduct comprehensive research on pressmud storage
technologies to minimize methane emissions and provide training for CBG plant
operators.
Raas Mahotsav in Majuli
The enchanting annual Raas Mahotsav has unfolded its divine festivities in Majuli, Assam,
making it the perfect destination to immerse oneself in the bhakti (devotion) of Lord
Krishna. Majuli, the world’s largest inhabited river island nestled in the mighty
Brahmaputra, is the heart of Assamese Neo-Vaishnavism. The island is adorned with
Vaishnavite monasteries known as Satras, and the Raas festival is celebrated with
grandeur, preserving the pure essence of the event.
Cultural Spectacle: Bhaona and Raas Leela
The locals engage in Bhaona, a traditional form of drama initiated in the fifteenth or
sixteenth century by the esteemed figure Srimanta Sankardeva. Artists passionately
portray various mythological characters, bringing the narratives to life. The Raas
Mahotsav witnessed thousands of people gathering to witness the enchanting
performances held at prominent monasteries like Auniati, Dakhinpat, Uttar Kamalabari,
Natun Kamalabari, and Garmur satras.
Rich Tradition of Raas Leela
For centuries, the people of Majuli have followed the tradition of paying homage to Lord
Krishna through the enactment of his Raas Leela. The festivities extend to upper Assam
districts, where participants dress as Indian mythological characters. Locally crafted masks
play a pivotal role in dance dramas, representing various mythical creatures. Statues of
mythological figures are also installed for public admiration.
Government Support for Tradition
In a noteworthy initiative, the Assam government, led by Chief Minister Himanta Biswa
Sarma, has extended financial assistance to Raas committees. A sum of Rs 25,000 is
transferred to approximately 3,000 organizers across the state to bolster the celebrations.
This marks the government’s commitment to preserving and promoting the rich cultural
heritage of Assam.
Concerns Rise Over Unusual Syphilis Cases: Potential New Bacterial Strain
In a puzzling turn of events, five women in Michigan have contracted syphilis, with their
eyes being the primary site of infection after engaging in sexual encounters with the same
man. Scientists are now expressing concern that a potential new strain of the syphilis
bacterium, Treponema pallidum, may be responsible for this uncommon manifestation of
the infection. Typically, ocular syphilis occurs after prolonged untreated syphilis, making
the emergence of this cluster and its rapid progression particularly worrisome.
Uncommon Ocular Syphilis Cluster Raises Alarm
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has noted that the occurrence of
ocular syphilis within a cluster of heterosexual partners is highly unusual and raises
concerns about the potential involvement of an unidentified strain of T. pallidum. This
marks the first reported instance of such a cluster associated with heterosexual
transmission.
Symptoms and Identification
The infected women, aged between 40 and 60, exhibited symptoms such as headaches,
blurred vision, eye floaters, and photophobia (eye discomfort in bright light). Upon tracing
back to a common sexual partner, it was discovered that the man had early latent syphilis,
a stage where the disease is present without symptoms. While the man did not develop
ocular syphilis, prompt treatment with penicillin was administered.
Puzzling Aspects and Lack of Clear Identification
The emergence of this cluster is perplexing to scientists due to several factors:
1. Uncommon Demographics: Ocular syphilis typically affects individuals with late-
stage syphilis, those over 65, those with a history of intravenous drug use, and those
who are HIV-positive. However, none of the women in this outbreak fell into these
categories.
2. Rapid Succession: The occurrence of five cases in quick succession suggests a
potential new phenomenon or strain of T. pallidum.
3. Testing Challenges: Tests on the central figure of the cluster did not reveal any new
strain of T. pallidum. The absence of ulcers or lesions, crucial for genetic testing,
complicated the analysis.
CDC’s Call for Awareness
The CDC is now emphasizing the need for awareness regarding the potential existence of
a new bacterial strain that may facilitate the spread of syphilis to the eyes and other parts
of the body. The unusual nature of this cluster underscores the importance of ongoing
research and vigilance in monitoring the evolution of infectious diseases.
AstroSat Space Telescope Detects 600th Gamma-Ray Burst
India’s AstroSat space telescope has reached a significant milestone by detecting its 600th
Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB), showcasing the sustained performance of its Cadmium Zinc
Telluride Imager (CZTI) eight years post-launch. Gamma-Ray Bursts, representing the
demise of massive stars or neutron star mergers, pack an immense amount of energy,
often surpassing the sun’s total lifetime emissions in a matter of seconds.
Undiminished Performance of CZTI
Dipankar Bhattacharya, the principal investigator for CZTI, expressed satisfaction with the
continued excellent performance of the instrument. “The detection of the 600th GRB is a
great demonstration of the continued undiminished performance of Cadmium Zinc
Telluride Imager (CZTI) eight years after launch, and well after its design lifetime,”
Bhattacharya stated.
Gamma-Ray Bursts: Cosmic Fireworks
GRBs release an extraordinary amount of energy, earning them the nickname “mini big-
bangs.” They can last from a fraction of a second to several minutes, and their occurrence
is associated with either the death of massive stars or the merger of neutron stars. These
cosmic fireworks emit energy comparable to the sun’s entire lifetime output.
AstroSat’s Ongoing Contributions
Launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) in 2015, AstroSat was initially
designed for a five-year mission. However, it has exceeded expectations and is still
operational, making valuable observations. AstroSat is India’s first dedicated multi-
wavelength space observatory, equipped with a suite of payloads allowing simultaneous
observations across various wavelengths, from ultraviolet to X-rays.
Observation of the 600th GRB
The CZTI detector on AstroSat observed the 600th GRB on November 22. The observation
data has been shared with astronomers and researchers worldwide, offering insights for
their studies. Gaurav Waratkar, a PhD student at IIT Bombay leading the study of GRBs
with AstroSat, expressed excitement about examining data from explosions that occurred
billions of years ago.

Navigating the Currency Demand Paradox: RBI Paper Emphasizes Cybersecurity and Customer
Protection
In a recent paper titled ‘Cash versus Digital Payment Transactions in India: Decoding the
Currency Demand Paradox,’ the Reserve Bank highlighted the importance of
cybersecurity, customer protection, and cost-effectiveness in sustaining the surge in
digital payments catalyzed by the Covid-19 pandemic.
Transition from Cash to Digital Payments
The paper notes a decline in the transactional use of cash, with digital payment methods
gradually replacing cash transactions. While the role of cash as a store of value persists,
the shift towards digital modes of payment is evident. The Covid-19 pandemic has played
a role in accelerating this transition.
Impact of the Pandemic on Currency Demand
Similar to global trends, the pandemic prompted a temporary increase in currency
demand in India. This rise was primarily attributed to precautionary measures and the
perception of cash as a store of value during uncertain times.
Sustaining Momentum in Digital Payments
To maintain the momentum towards digital payments initiated by the pandemic, the
paper emphasizes concerted efforts on various fronts:
1. Cost-Effectiveness: Ensuring the cost-effectiveness of digital payment modes and
relevant acceptance infrastructure is crucial. This involves considering both the
demand side (consumers) and the supply side (merchants and intermediaries).
2. Universal Access: Efforts should be directed towards ensuring universal access to
key enablers, such as smartphones and internet connectivity, to facilitate broader
participation in the digital payment ecosystem.
Cybersecurity and Customer Protection
Acknowledging the critical role of cybersecurity and customer protection, the paper
underscores their importance in building and maintaining trust in digital transactions. As
more individuals and businesses engage in digital payments, safeguarding against cyber
threats and ensuring customer protection become paramount.
The Legacy and Global Impact of World Expos: A Glimpse into the 2030 Bidding Contest
Currently, Rome, Riyadh, and Busan are competing for the honor of hosting the 2030
World Expo. The World Expo, held every five years, has evolved into a mega-event that
draws millions of visitors from around the world.
Inaugural Expo: The Great Exhibition of 1851
The inaugural World Expo, known as the Great Exhibition, was initiated by the British
government in 1851. More than 18,000 merchants from over ten countries showcased
around 100,000 products, featuring machinery, new materials, and industrial
advancements. This landmark event marked the birth of the modern World Expo, creating
a global platform for the exchange of ideas and innovations.
Catalyst for Global Invention
The Expo became a stage where nations eagerly presented their latest technological
achievements. Groundbreaking inventions, including trains, aircraft, air conditioners,
television, nylon, the gramophone, and the elevator, made their world debut at the Expo.
Over the years, the event’s appeal has grown, attracting countries and international
organizations from just over ten participants in the first Expo to over 180 by the year 2000.
BIE Standardization and Globalization
The Bureau of International Exhibitions (BIE), established in 1928, played a crucial role in
standardizing Expo bidding and exhibition procedures. With 182 member countries, the
BIE represents the globalization of the exhibition economy. The Expo, once a showcase of
industrial prowess, expanded its scope to include cultural globalization and discussions on
global issues.
Impact on Culture, Gender Equality, and International Decisions
The World Expo has been a driver of cultural globalization and gender equality. Special
halls for global artists and women were featured at various Expos, fostering inclusivity.
The Expo also influenced international decisions, with resolutions such as designating May
1 as International Labor Day and hosting the First World Conference on Women in 1893.
Continued Global Significance
While the Olympics initially shared a connection with the World Expo, the two events
diverged in 1912. Nevertheless, the Expo remains a global salon where countries engage
in discussions on world issues and showcase future trends. It has played a pivotal role in
globalizing culture, sports, and the exhibition industry.
Investments of $13.5 Trillion Needed for Sustainable Transition by 2050, Says WEF Report
A new report from the World Economic Forum (WEF) emphasizes the need for USD 13.5
trillion in investments by 2050 to transition to a sustainable and carbon-neutral future. The
report highlights the production, energy, and transport sectors as key areas requiring
significant investments. Major producing countries, including India, China, the US, and the
EU, have committed to net-zero targets, necessitating businesses to align their operations
with evolving regulatory landscapes.
Challenges and Imperatives
The complex and ever-changing policy regimes pose challenges for businesses, leading to
substantial resources being allocated for compliance. The report underscores the
importance of establishing consistent and stable regulatory frameworks with well-defined
timelines to mitigate risks and facilitate progress. The report calls for global funding and
stronger policy incentives to scale clean power, clean hydrogen, and carbon capture
around industrial clusters.
Net-Zero Industry Tracker 2023
The World Economic Forum Net-Zero Industry Tracker 2023 report assesses progress
towards net-zero emissions for eight industries responsible for 40% of global greenhouse
gas emissions. These industries include steel, cement, aluminum, ammonia, oil and gas,
aviation, shipping, and trucking. Decarbonizing these sectors, which heavily rely on fossil
fuels, presents technological and capital-intensive challenges.

Investment Areas and Pathways
The report identifies clean power, clean hydrogen, and infrastructure for carbon capture,
utilization, and storage (CCUS) as critical investment areas for accelerating industrial
decarbonization. The USD 13.5 trillion in investments is derived from average costs of
clean power generation, electrolyzer costs for clean hydrogen, and carbon transport and
storage costs.
Mobilizing Necessary Investments
The report suggests that carbon pricing, tax subsidies, public procurement, and the
development of strong business cases can support in mobilizing the necessary
investments. However, it acknowledges the challenges of raising capital for high-risk
projects with unproven technologies and highlights the role of institutional investors and
multilateral banks in providing access to low-cost capital linked to emissions targets.
National-Level Initiatives
In countries like India and China, national-level action plans and roadmaps for clean
hydrogen have been adopted to encourage investments across the hydrogen value chain.
The G20 member countries have also agreed to guiding principles facilitating the
production, consumption, and global trade of clean hydrogen.
Sector-Specific Considerations
The report notes sector-specific considerations, such as the challenges in the steel
industry, where the distribution between primary and secondary steelmaking varies
among regions. It also highlights the need for accelerated action to decarbonize the
cement sector in response to increased production.
Urbanization and Population Growth
Urbanization and population growth are identified as driving forces behind cement
consumption in China and India, necessitating accelerated efforts to decarbonize the
sector.
Saurauia Punduana: A Rare Discovery in Manipur
The Saurauia Punduana, categorized as critically endangered by the International Union
for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, has been found for the first time in Manipur’s
Tamenglong district. This discovery was made during a recent Rapid Biodiversity
Assessment (RBA) field survey conducted within the Longku forest of Dailing village.
Distinct Features of Saurauia Punduana
The Saurauia Punduana plant, native to the region stretching from Bhutan to
Southeastern Tibet, displays unique characteristics. Its flowers transition from white to
pink as they mature, with pink, ovate to obovate petals curled at the tip. The plant’s
spherical, shining white fruits are employed in veterinary medicine.
Biodiversity Highlights
Out of the 186 plants, the survey identified 86 tree species, 27 shrub species, and 73 herb
species. Additionally, a total of 103 avian species, comprising 100 resident and three
migratory species, were recorded, including three threatened species and two endemic
species. The vulnerable bird species include the Rufous-necked hornbill, Slender-billed
babbler, and Grey-sided thrush.
Butterflies and Rare Species
The RBA field survey documented 82 butterfly species from five families, including two
very rare species – White Dragon tail (Lamproptera curious) and Green Dragon tail
(Lamproptera meges). Notably, the survey also recorded highly endemic reptile species,
such as Cherrapunji Keelback (Hebius xenura) and flying lizard Draco species.
Launch of the Centre of Data for Public Good (CDPG)
In a significant move towards utilizing data for social benefit, the Foundation for Science
Innovation and Development (FSID) at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) has introduced
the Centre of Data for Public Good (CDPG). This initiative is dedicated to advancing
research, innovation, collaboration, and best practices in the domains of data science,
analytics, and policy to tackle critical societal challenges.
Mission and Focus Areas
CDPG aims to serve as a central hub for multidisciplinary research, fostering collaboration
among experts from academia, industry, and government. The primary goal is to harness
the power of data for the betterment of the public. The center places a strong emphasis
on ethical data use, privacy, and responsible artificial intelligence (AI). Its focus areas
include smart cities, agriculture, logistics, geospatial analysis, environmental sustainability,
and more.
Integration of Pioneering ProjectsThe Centre plans to integrate insights from
pioneering projects such as the India Urban Data Exchange (IUDX) and the Agricultural
Data Exchange (ADeX). These projects, focusing on urban and agricultural sectors, align
seamlessly with CDPG’s mission. By incorporating the expertise and resources of IUDX
and ADeX, the Centre aims to create a collaborative environment that accelerates the
development and implementation of data-centric solutions.
Launch Symposium: A Gathering of Experts
To mark the launch of the Centre, IISc organized the Symposium on Data for Public Good.
This flagship event brought together thought leaders, researchers, and practitioners in
the field. Distinguished speakers included Kris Gopalakrishnan, Chairman of Axilor
Ventures and Co-founder of Infosys; J Satyanarayana, Chief Advisor at C4IR India, World
Economic Forum; Rajendra Kumar, Chief Postmaster General, Karnataka; Kunal Kumar,
Joint Secretary and Mission Director, Smart Cities Mission, and Pramod Varma, CTO of
Ekstep Foundation.
Panel Discussions and Hackathon Announcement
The symposium featured panel discussions on urban data, data governance, and
agricultural and geospatial data. The event culminated with the announcement of a
hackathon focusing on transportation demand prediction for specific bus routes in Surat
and air quality prediction for specific road segments in Bengaluru. This practical initiative
reflects the Centre’s commitment to translating discussions into actionable solutions for
real-world challenges.
November 30, 2023

Cabinet Approval for Pradhan Mantri Janjati Adivasi Nyaya Maha Abhiyan (PM JANMAN)
The Union Cabinet, led by Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi, has given the green light to
the Pradhan Mantri Janjati Adivasi Nyaya Maha Abhiyan (PM JANMAN), a significant
initiative aimed at tribal welfare. This initiative comes with a total outlay of Rs.24,104 crore,
with the Central Share being Rs.15,336 crore and the State Share Rs.8,768 crore.
Key Announcements and Focus Areas
On Janjatiya Gaurav Diwas in Khunti, the Prime Minister officially announced the PM
JANMAN initiative.
The Budget Speech for 2023-24 highlighted the launch of the Pradhan Mantri PVTG
of Development Mission to enhance the socio-economic conditions of Particularly
Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs).
Mission Objectives and Budget Allocation
The Pradhan Mantri PVTG of Development Mission aims to provide basic facilities to
PVTG households, including safe housing, clean drinking water, sanitation, improved
education, health and nutrition, road and telecom connectivity, and sustainable
livelihood opportunities.
An allocation of Rs.15,000 crore has been set aside for the next three years under the
Development Action Plan for the Scheduled Tribes (DAPST) to implement this
mission.
Addressing Vulnerability of Tribal Communities
The 2011 census recorded a Scheduled Tribe (ST) population of 10.45 crore in India,
with 75 communities in 18 states and the Union Territory of Andaman and Nicobar
Islands classified as Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs).
Despite their unique cultural richness, PVTGs continue to face vulnerability in social,
economic, and educational domains.
Sector-wise Interventions under PM-JANMAN
The PM-JANMAN initiative encompasses Central Sector and Centrally Sponsored
Schemes and focuses on 11 critical interventions across nine Ministries, including the
Ministry of Tribal Affairs.
Other Ministerial Contributions to the Mission
The Ministry of Ayush will establish Ayush Wellness Centres and extend Ayush
facilities to PVTG habitations through Mobile Medical Units.
The Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship will provide skill and
vocational training in PVTG habitations, multipurpose centres, and hostels based on
the specific skills of these communities.
Sixteenth Finance Commission's Terms of Reference
The Union Cabinet, under the guidance of Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi, has given
its approval for the Terms of Reference of the Sixteenth Finance Commission. This
significant step is part of the constitutional process outlined in Article 280(1), aiming to
make recommendations on the distribution of net proceeds of taxes between the Union
and the States.

Duration and Coverage
The recommendations of the 16th Finance Commission, once accepted by the
government, will span a period of five years, beginning on April 1, 2026.
The Fifteenth Finance Commission, constituted on November 27, 2017, had
recommendations valid up to the financial year 2025-26.
Key Areas of Focus
The Sixteenth Finance Commission will provide recommendations on:
1. Distribution of Net Proceeds of Taxes:
This involves the division of net proceeds of taxes between the Union and the
States under Chapter I, Part XII of the Constitution.
It also addresses the allocation of respective shares of these proceeds among
the States.
2. Grants-in-Aid Principles:
The Finance Commission will outline the principles governing grants-in-aid of
the revenues of the States from the Consolidated Fund of India.
It will specify the sums to be paid to the States as grants-in-aid for purposes
other than those outlined in the provisos to clause (1) of Article 275.
3. Resource Augmentation for States:
The Commission will suggest measures to augment the Consolidated Fund of a
State to enhance the resources of Panchayats and Municipalities based on its
recommendations.
4. Review of Disaster Management Financing:
The Commission has the authority to review the current arrangements for
financing Disaster Management initiatives, considering funds under the
Disaster Management Act, 2005 (53 of 2005).
Timeline and Background
The report of the Sixteenth Finance Commission is expected to be available by
October 31, 2025, covering a five-year period starting April 1, 2026.
The constitution of the 16th Finance Commission follows precedents, where previous
commissions were constituted after intervals longer than the usual five years.
Advance Preparations for the 16th Finance Commission
The Advance Cell of the 16th Finance Commission was established in the Ministry of
Finance on November 21, 2022.
A Working Group, led by key officials and experts, was formed to assist in
formulating the Terms of Reference, gathering input through a consultative process
with State Governments and Union Territories.
Continuation of Fast Track Special Courts
The Union Cabinet, under the leadership of Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi, has
approved the extension of the Fast Track Special Courts (FTSCs) as a Centrally Sponsored
Scheme (CSS) from April 1, 2023, to March 31, 2026. This scheme, with a financial
implication of Rs. 1952.23 crore, signifies the government’s commitment to expediting

trials related to sexual offenses, ensuring the safety and security of women and children.
Origins and Purpose
Launched on October 2, 2019, the FTSCs were established in response to the
escalating incidents of rape involving women and girl children.
The enactment of “The Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2018” paved the way for the
creation of FTSCs, emphasizing stringent punishment for rape offenders, including
the death penalty.
Scheme Implementation
The Centrally Sponsored Scheme, managed by the Department of Justice, Ministry of
Law & Justice, focuses on the timely disposal of cases related to rape and the
Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act (POCSO Act).
The FTSCs aim to expedite trials, providing immediate relief to victims and
strengthening the deterrence framework against sexual offenders.
Scheme Extension and Financial Implications
Initially launched for one year in October 2019, the scheme was extended for an
additional two years until March 31, 2023.
The recent approval extends the scheme further until March 31, 2026, with a financial
outlay of Rs. 1952.23 crore, funded through the Nirbhaya Fund.
Scheme Impact and Participation
Implemented in 30 States/Union Territories, the scheme has operationalized 761
FTSCs, including 414 exclusive POCSO Courts.
These courts have successfully resolved over 1,95,000 cases, supporting State/UT
Government efforts to provide timely justice even in remote areas.
Expected Outcomes
1. Commitment to Ending Violence: Reflect the nation’s commitment to ending
sexual and gender-based violence.
2. Reduced Pending Cases: Substantially reduce pending cases of Rape & POCSO Act,
relieving the burden on the judicial system.
3. Swift Access to Justice: Ensure swift access to justice for victims through improved
facilities and expedited trials.
4. Manageable Caseload: Lessen the burden of cases to a manageable number,
promoting efficiency in the judicial process.
Empowering Women in Agriculture: Central Sector Scheme for Drones
The Union Cabinet, led by Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi, has given its approval for a
Central Sector Scheme aimed at providing drones to Women Self Help Groups (SHGs).
With an outlay of Rs. 1261 Crore for the period from 2024-25 to 2025-26, this visionary
scheme seeks to empower women in agriculture through technological advancements.
Objectives and Vision
The scheme aims to provide drones to 15,000 selected Women SHGs between
2023-24 and 2025-2026 for offering rental services to farmers for agricultural
purposes.
Aligned with the vision of Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi, the initiative seeks to
empower women SHGs and introduce new technologies in the agriculture sector
through drone services.
Key Highlights
1. Holistic Interventions:
The scheme integrates the resources and efforts of the Department of
Agriculture & Farmers Welfare (DA&FW), Department of Rural Development
(DoRD), Department of Fertilizers (DoF), Women SHGs, and Lead Fertilizer
Companies (LFCs).
2. Identification of Clusters:
Clusters where drone usage is economically feasible will be identified, and
15,000 women SHGs in various states within these clusters will be selected for
drone provision.
3. Financial Assistance:
Central Financial Assistance of 80% of the drone’s cost and accessories/ancillary
charges, up to a maximum of Rs. Eight Lakh, will be provided to women SHGs
for drone procurement.
The Cluster Level Federation (CLFs) of SHGs can raise the balance amount as a
loan under the National Agriculture Infra Financing Facility (AIF) with a 3%
interest subvention.
4. Training for SHG Members:
One qualified member of the SHG, aged 18 and above, will undergo a 15-day
training, including mandatory 5-day drone pilot training and an additional 10-
day training for agriculture purposes.
Another member or family member inclined towards electrical, fitting, and
mechanical works will be trained as a drone technician/assistant.
5. Role of Lead Fertilizer Companies (LFCs):
LFCs will act as intermediaries between drone supplier companies and SHGs for
procurement, repair, and maintenance of drones.
LFCs will also promote the use of Nano Fertilizers like Nano Urea and Nano DAP
through drones.
6. Income Generation for SHGs:
SHGs will rent out drone services to farmers for Nano fertilizer and pesticide
applications.
Envisaged to provide sustainable business and livelihood support, the scheme
aims for SHGs to earn additional income of at least Rs. One lakh per annum.
7. Technological Advancements in Agriculture:
The scheme aims to infuse advanced technology in agriculture, enhancing
efficiency, increasing crop yield, and reducing operational costs for the benefit
of farmers.
Consumer Protection Alert: Safety Notice on Acid Purchase through E-commerce Platforms
The Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA), under the leadership of Chief
Commissioner Mrs. Nidhi Khare, has issued a Safety Notice under Section 18(2)(j) of the
Consumer Protection Act, 2019. The notice aims to caution consumers against the
purchase of highly corrosive acids on e-commerce platforms, emphasizing the potential
dangers and risks associated with such transactions.
Background and Legal Framework
The notice is issued in accordance with Section 18(2)(j) of the Consumer Protection
Act, 2019, which empowers the CCPA to take necessary measures for consumer
protection.
The Act, in its preamble, prioritizes consumer safety as a fundamental objective,
recognizing the right to be protected against hazardous goods or services.
Concerns and Regulatory Context
The CCPA has identified the sale of highly corrosive acids on e-commerce platforms,
highlighting the potential threat to consumers and the public at large.
The sale of such hazardous substances is subject to regulations outlined by the
Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) in 2013, emphasizing the need for stringent
measures to control access.
Violation of Supreme Court Directions
The notice points out that e-commerce platforms lack mechanisms for age
verification and recording the purpose of purchasing acid, violating directions from
the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India and MHA guidelines.
Key Directions and Recommendations
The Safety Notice urges e-commerce platforms to:
1. Incorporate Compliance Mechanisms:
Ensure that acid is not purchased on their platforms in violation of state-
mandated rules or, in their absence, adhere to MHA guidelines from August 30,
2013.
2. Undertaking from Sellers:
Obtain a separate undertaking from sellers who offer acids, ensuring
compliance with mandatory conditions for their sale.
3. Age Verification:
Mandate the uploading of a government-issued Photo ID during the purchase
process to prevent sales to individuals below the age of 18.
4. Reason/Purpose Declaration:
Introduce a section during the purchase process where buyers must provide a
specific reason or purpose for acquiring acid.
Legal Implications
The Safety Notice emphasizes that the sale of corrosive acid on e-commerce
platforms, without adherence to regulations, violates Section 4(3) of the Consumer
Protection (E-Commerce) Rules, 2020.

Consumer Caution
The notice cautions consumers against purchasing acid on e-commerce platforms
without complying with the mandatory requirements outlined above.
Indian Coast Guard Ship Sajag's Three-Day Visit to Oman
The Indian Coast Guard Ship Sajag, an Offshore Patrol Vessel, reached Port Sultan Qaboos,
Muscat, Oman, on November 29, 2023, marking a three-day visit as part of the Indian
Coast Guard’s deployment to West Asia. The visit is aimed at strengthening long-standing
diplomatic ties between India and Oman, enhancing maritime cooperation, and
promoting interoperability with the Royal Oman Police Coast Guard (ROPCG) and other
maritime agencies.
Scheduled Activities for Interaction
Several activities and interactions are scheduled during the visit, including professional
engagements like onboard training, lectures, Board Search and Seizure (VBSS), Maritime
Search and Rescue (M-SAR), cross-deck visits, joint yoga sessions, planning conferences,
and table-top exercises for Marine Pollution Response (MPR). During this West Asia
deployment, ICGS Sajag is also scheduled to make port calls in Ad Dammam, Saudi Arabia,
and Mina Rashid, UAE, playing a crucial role in strengthening bilateral relationships with
key maritime agencies.
Building Relations with Oman
The Commanding Officer of ICGS Sajag will make courtesy calls on various dignitaries and
government officials of Oman, including the Royal Oman Police Coast Guard. Oman and
India have historically maintained warm and friendly bilateral relations, sharing common
values and diverse cultures.
Annual High-Level Meetings and Ship Visits
Regular interactions between ICG and ROPCG occur through annually conducted High-
Level Meetings (HLM) and ICG ship visits, guided by the provisions of the Memorandum of
Understanding (MoU).
Fostering Bilateral Relationships in West Asia
The overseas deployment of ICG ships aligns with the organization’s plan to foster
bilateral relationships and strengthen international cooperation with Foreign Friendly
Countries (FFCs). These relationships, developed over the years, aim to ensure the safety,
security, and cleanliness of the seas in the region while addressing contemporary
maritime issues. The visit underscores India’s ongoing efforts to foster friendly relations
through maritime cooperation, aligning with the maritime vision of Prime Minister Shri
Narendra Modi, known as “SAGAR – Security and Growth for All in the Region,” with due
emphasis on the “Global South.”
About ICGS Sajag
ICGS Sajag is part of the Indian Coast Guard fleet of OPVs, based on the West Coast of
India in Porbandar, Gujarat, and operates under the operational command of Commander
Coast Guard Region (North West).
The ship is equipped with modern weapon systems, sensors, state-of-the-art navigation
and communication systems, including an integral helicopter to support both surface and
air operations.
Sajag has undertaken various Coast Guard operations, including Coastal Security and
IMBL / EEZ surveillance, anti-transnational crimes, and Maritime SAR and Pollution
Response operations in the past.
Indian Navy's Operational Demonstration at Sindhudurg Fort
On December 4, 2023, the Indian Navy is set to showcase its operational prowess and
capabilities through a spectacular ‘Operational Demonstration’ at the iconic Sindhudurg
Fort on the western seaboard of India. Hosted by Admiral R Hari Kumar, Chief of the Naval
Staff, the event will unfold a spectrum of naval operations by both ships and aircraft.
Historical Significance of Sindhudurg Fort
Built in 1660 by the Maratha Ruler Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, the Sindhudurg Fort stands
as a testament to India’s rich maritime history. This event aims to celebrate this history
and move away from colonial practices.
Commemorating Navy Day and “Operation Trident”
Coinciding with Navy Day on December 4th, the event commemorates “Operation
Trident,” the audacious 1971 Navy attack on Karachi harbour. The Operational
Demonstration serves as a tribute to the valour, courage, and resolve of naval personnel
who achieved the impossible under adverse circumstances.
Displays During the Event
The operational demonstration will feature 20 warships and 40 aircraft, including the MiG
29K and LCA Navy. A major highlight will be the combat beach reconnaissance and assault
demonstration by the Marine Commandos of the Indian Navy.
The event is not only for government officials and military dignitaries but will also be
witnessed by the local populace. A live telecast will further allow the general public and
online viewers to witness the Indian Navy’s state-of-the-art ships and aircraft.
Aside from the dynamic operational displays, the event will include performances by the
Naval Band, a continuity drill, and a hornpipe dance by the SCC cadets. The grand finale
will involve the illumination of ships at anchorage, followed by a laser show at Sindhudurg
Fort.
Unprecedented Mega Event
This marks the first time the Indian Navy is organizing such a mega event away from any
major naval station. Sindhudurg Fort’s location, 550 km from Mumbai and 135 km from
the naval station at Goa, emphasizes the concerted efforts by the Navy, State Government,
and local administration to showcase these extraordinary events.
"La Fiancée Hesitante": Unveiling the 19th-Century Portrait of Female Rage
In the masterpiece “La Fiancée Hesitante” (The Reluctant Bride) by French master Auguste
Toulmouche, painted in 1866, a bride adorned in opulent white sits surrounded by two
comforting women. Despite the soft scene, her eyes reveal a rebellious and disgruntled
spirit, making this canvas a newfound symbol of female rage. This 19th-century painting
has recently gained popularity on social media platforms such as TikTok, Facebook, and
Instagram, where it is celebrated as a powerful depiction of feminine emotion and
resistance.
The Enigmatic Bride and Theatrical Setting
While the identity of the bride remains a mystery, Toulmouche’s affluent protagonist
wears a fur-trimmed high-neck silk gown, gazing intently at the viewers. The theatrical
setting features rich furnishings that accentuate the height of the room, adorned with
intricate tapestries. The canvas was exhibited at the Paris Salon of 1866 and Exposition
Universelle of 1867 in Paris.
Toulmouche’s Artistic Style and Romantic Movement
Toulmouche, a practitioner of the Romantic movement, emphasized emotion,
individualism, and a glorification of the past and nature. Specializing in fashion painting, a
popular 19th-century Parisian style depicting elaborate garments and luxurious interiors,
he shared the genre with artists like Jules Emile Saintin and Charles Joseph Frederick
Soulacroix.
The Artist’s Journey and Influence
Born in Nantes, France, in 1829, Toulmouche joined the studio of Swiss artist Charles
Gleyre in Paris at the age of 17. Early recognition led to his exhibition at the prestigious
Paris Salon by 1848. Toulmouche, a mentor to Claude Monet upon the latter’s arrival in
Paris in 1862, continued to influence academic painting while subtly incorporating
Japanese elements in his later works.
Trending Across Platforms
Though Toulmouche may not be as widely celebrated outside of France, “La Fiancée
Hesitante” has found a massive following on social media in recent months. Shared on
Facebook and Twitter, and featured on numerous Instagram pages, the artwork has
inspired memes and discussions. Some relate to the bride’s disillusionment with gender
roles, while others interpret her gaze as reluctance toward arranged marriages, prevalent
in 19th-century France.
Celebrating Emotion and Resistance
The resurgence of interest in “La Fiancée Hesitante” highlights its timeless resonance.
Whether expressing discontent with societal norms or resisting traditional expectations,
the bride’s unfiltered emotions resonate with contemporary audiences, celebrating the
enduring power of art to communicate universal emotions.
China Dominates New Coal Plant Construction in 2023, Says Global Energy Monitor
According to the Global Energy Monitor (GEM), a non-profit tracking global coal projects,
more than 95% of the coal plant capacity beginning construction in 2023 is in China.
Despite a trend of some coal projects being canceled or shelved, new proposals worldwide
continue to emerge. As of October, 110 gigawatts (GW) of coal power capacity is under
consideration in 32 countries outside China, comprising 131 coal projects.
Key Findings from GEM’s Global Coal Plant Tracker
1. China’s Dominance: China leads in new coal plant construction, with over 95% of
the global capacity initiated in 2023.

2. Global Consideration: Outside China, 110 GW of coal power capacity is under
consideration in 32 countries, involving 131 coal projects. India, Bangladesh, and
Indonesia lead with 83% of the total proposed capacity.
3. Trends in Proposals: While some coal projects have been shelved, new proposals
emerged simultaneously. In the first nine months of 2023, 18.3 GW of coal capacity
moved from being proposed to shelved or canceled.
4. Top Countries: India, Bangladesh, and Indonesia are at the forefront, constituting
83% of the proposed coal capacity.
5. Cancellations: Notable cancellations include projects in Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Botswana, Brazil, Indonesia, Laos, Mongolia, Serbia, Türkiye, Ukraine, and Vietnam.
6. New Proposals: Simultaneously, 15.3 GW of entirely new proposals are under
consideration in India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia.
7. Inactive Proposals: Inactive coal proposals (4.2 GW) are back under consideration in
Botswana, India, Nigeria, the Philippines, and Russia.
8. Regional Construction: Southeast Asia and South Asia, excluding China, have the
highest capacity under construction, with India, Indonesia, Bangladesh, and Vietnam
accounting for 84% of the 67 GW under construction.
India’s Shifting Goals
India, in particular, has revised its goals to add 80 GW of coal-fired power plants by
the financial year 2032, up from the previously planned 27 GW.
The shift aims to meet rising energy demands, as stated by the Union Minister of
New and Renewable Energy.
Noteworthy coal projects progressing in various Indian states include the Adani
Raigarh Thermal Power Plant, Anpara-E Power Station, and others.
Global Emission Concerns
China, despite being the largest emitter of greenhouse gas emissions in 2022, has
aggressively pursued coal projects.
Outside China, new unabated coal power plants need to be halted to limit global
warming to the critical threshold of 1.5 degrees Celsius, according to the authors.
The decline in new construction starts outside China for the second consecutive year
is a key indicator of coal power capacity growth.
International Perspectives
United States climate envoy John Kerry and International Energy Agency (IEA) chief
Fatih Birol emphasize the need to halt the building of new coal plants to effectively
transition to clean energy.
The Global Coal Power Tracker urges governments, utilities, and banks to play a role
in accelerating the global shift from coal to clean energy.
India Requires $101 Billion Investment to Achieve Tripled Renewable Energy Targets: Report
A report by the energy think tank Ember highlights that India needs an additional
investment of $101 billion to align with the International Energy Agency’s (IEA) Net Zero
target of tripling renewable energy capacity. The report emphasizes that this financing is
crucial to more than triple India’s renewable capacity by the 2030s, as outlined in the 14th
National Electricity Plan (NEP14).
Key Points from the Report
1. Investment Requirement: India requires an investment of $293 billion between
2023 and 2030 to meet the NEP14 solar and wind capacity targets, including storage
and transmission.
2. IEA Net Zero Target: To align with IEA’s Net Zero target, India needs to increase
annual additions to 41 GW of solar and 11.8 GW of wind by 2027. This would require
an additional 115 GW of solar and 9 GW of wind by 2030.
3. Total Renewable Capacity: The report estimates that meeting these targets will
take India’s total renewable capacity to 448 GW of solar and 122 GW of wind by 2030.
4. Grid Integration: Establishment of a grid that integrates renewables is crucial.
Interstate transmission systems (ISTS) are essential, and India needs to increase
storage and transmission capacity to meet IEA Net Zero targets.
5. Storage Requirements: To meet IEA targets, India will need an additional 48 GW of
ISTS and at least 14 GW (six hours) of battery storage.
6. Investment Risks: Despite the rise in investment in renewable energy projects,
challenges such as payment delays, Power Purchase Agreement renegotiations, and
land acquisition complexities pose risks.
7. COP28 Anticipation: With India securing a G20 commitment in September 2023 to
triple renewable energy capacity globally, there is anticipation to secure a global
commitment at the 28th Conference of Parties (COP28) to the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change.
8. Foreign Investment: Attracting investment, particularly from foreign sources, is
crucial for successful implementation. Addressing risk factors is pivotal in securing
financing for India’s renewable energy projects.
World’s 1st Transatlantic Flight Using 100% Green Fuels Takes Off
Virgin Atlantic has made history with the world’s first transatlantic flight powered by 100%
Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF). The flight, named Flight100, departed from London’s
Heathrow Airport and is en route to New York’s John F. Kennedy International Airport.
Here are the key details:
Key Points
1. Significance: Flight100 is a milestone in sustainable aviation, demonstrating the
feasibility of SAF as a safe replacement for traditional jet fuel.
2. Aircraft: The flight is operated by a Virgin Boeing 787, equipped with Rolls-Royce
Trent 1000 engines.
3. Fuel Composition: The SAF used in Flight100 is a “unique dual blend” comprising
88% HEFA (made from waste fats) and 12% SAK (derived from corn waste).
4. Passengers: While not carrying paying passengers or cargo, notable passengers
include Virgin Atlantic founder Richard Branson, CEO Shai Weiss, and UK Transport
Minister Mark Harper.

5. Route: The Boeing 787, filled with 50 tonnes of SAF, is flying from London to New
York, showcasing the potential of “green fuel” for long-haul flights.
6. SAF Impact: The use of SAF aims to significantly reduce the carbon footprint of
aviation, contributing to efforts to combat climate change.
7. Research Collaboration: The project involves collaboration between major
companies, including Rolls-Royce, Boeing, and BP, as well as academic institutions
such as Imperial College London and the University of Sheffield.
8. Environmental Assessment: Researchers from Imperial and Sheffield will assess
the climate effects of Flight100, analyzing emissions and potential contrails.
9. Industry Decarbonization: SAF is considered a crucial tool for the aviation industry
to reduce its net emissions and achieve decarbonization goals.
10. COP28 Timing: The flight precedes the COP28 climate talks in Dubai, where
discussions on the future role of fossil fuels and emission reduction commitments
are expected.
Challenges and Debates
While celebrated as a positive step, some environmental groups caution against
“greenwashing” and emphasize the need to prioritize reducing flights and reliance on
fossil fuels. The use of SAF, while promising, currently represents a small fraction of global
jet fuel usage.
The success of Flight100 contributes to ongoing discussions about the aviation industry’s
transition to sustainable practices and the challenges associated with scaling up SAF
production and adoption.
Unveiling the Mystery of STEVE: Not Your Average Aurora
Nature has a way of surprising us, and the recent sightings of green and purple lights in
the northern skies have sparked curiosity. Initially assumed to be auroras, these vibrant
ribbons are, in fact, a unique atmospheric phenomenon known as STEVE, or Strong
Thermal Emission Velocity Enhancement.
What is STEVE?
STEVE is an optical phenomenon characterized by a distinctive purple and green light
ribbon in the sky. Named in 2016 by aurora enthusiasts in Alberta, Canada, it has gained
attention for its unusual appearance. While it has been observed as early as 1705, it was
only accurately identified and named in recent years.
Distinctive Features
Appearance: STEVE manifests as a narrow arc extending for hundreds or thousands
of miles, aligned east-west, and typically lasts for 20 minutes to an hour.
Color Palette: The phenomenon exhibits striking hues of purple and green, standing
out against the night sky.
Location: Initially observed in Canada, STEVE has been sighted in various locations,
including the United Kingdom, the northern United States, Alaska, Australia, and New
Zealand.
Scientific Insight
Contrary to traditional auroras, STEVE is not a typical aurora borealis. Instead, it is
associated with a fast-moving stream of extremely hot particles called a sub-auroral ion
drift (SAID). This unique characteristic sets it apart from conventional auroras.
Observation Tips
Solar Maximum: Enhanced solar activity during the solar maximum, which occurs
every 11 years, provides a favorable environment for observing STEVE.
Camera Viewing: While best captured through a camera lens, STEVE may appear as
a faint contrail to the naked eye, often overlooked without closer inspection.
Alarming Rise in Suicide Cases Grips the United States
In 2022, the United States witnessed a distressing surge in suicide cases, reaching a
record-breaking number, as revealed by provisional data from the US Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC). This unprecedented trend has raised concerns about
mental health and the need for urgent intervention.
Disturbing Trend: 49,449 Lives Lost
The provisional data disclosed a disturbing trend in 2022, with a staggering 49,449 lives
lost due to intentional self-harm. This equates to more than 14 suicides for every 100,000
people, representing a three percent increase from the 2021 figures of 48,183 suicides.
Men were notably four times more likely to take their own lives, with a rate of 23.1 percent
compared to women at 5.9 percent. However, women, particularly those aged 25 and
older, saw a four percent increase in suicide rates.
Age Disparities: Suicides Over 35 on the Rise
The data revealed a significant increase in suicides among individuals over 35 years old,
with the highest rates observed in those aged 75 and older. Overall, the 49,449 suicides in
2022 marked the highest number ever recorded in the United States, according to the
CDC. It is important to note that the final number may be even higher as pending causes
of death on death certificates are determined to be suicides.
Long-Term Trend: Suicides in the 21st Century
The report highlighted that suicides in the United States have been on the rise almost
steadily throughout the 21st century. Both males and females, spanning nearly every age,
race, and Hispanic-origin group, have experienced this concerning increase. Recognizing
the gravity of the situation, the US Surgeon General issued a call to action in 2021 for a
national strategy on suicide prevention and provided advisory measures for youth mental
health.
Gun Suicides: A Silent Epidemic
An analysis of provisional CDC data by the Johns Hopkins Center for Gun Violence
Solutions underscored another concerning aspect. In 2022, suicides by firearms reached a
record high, with the nation’s overall gun suicide rate increasing by 1.6 percent. Gun
suicides have steadily risen since 2006, making up the majority of gun deaths. In 2022,
26,993 people died by gun suicide, surpassing the previous record set in 2021. This
alarming increase emphasizes the need for increased awareness and targeted efforts to
address this silent epidemic.

ILO Report Highlights Deadly Consequences of Overworking Worldwide
A recent report from the International Labor Organization (ILO) has revealed the alarming
and fatal consequences of overworking, leading to the death of nearly three million
people annually worldwide. The study underscores the evolving role of employment as a
major cause of death, particularly among men.
Deadly Threshold: 800,000 Lives Lost Due to Excessive Hours
The ILO report points out that more than 800,000 people succumb to death each year due
to working beyond 55 hours per week. Out of the 2.96 million total deaths attributed to
excessive work, 2.6 million are linked to diseases derived directly from employment, while
the remaining 330,000 result from work-related accidents.
Common Risks at Work: Long Hours at the Top
The study identifies the most prevalent risks at work, with long working hours exceeding
55 hours per week claiming the highest toll at 744,942 deaths. Other significant risks
include exposure to gases and smoke (450,000 deaths), work-related injuries (363,283),
exposure to asbestos (209,481), silica (42,258), and substances causing asthma (29,641).
Occupational Risks and Impact on Life Years
The report correlates occupational risks to disability-adjusted life years (DALYS), indicating
that work-related injuries pose the greatest threat to workers’ life years (26.44 million).
Exposure to over 55 work hours follows closely at 23.26 million, along with ergonomic
factors (12.27 million) and exposure to smoke and gases (10.86 million).
Disease Patterns and Global Impact
The ILO highlights disease patterns associated with work-related deaths, revealing that
circulatory problems account for 32.4 percent, cancer for 27.5 percent, respiratory
diseases for 14.3 percent, and injuries for 11.3 percent. Visual impairment due to
occupational factors affects over 13 million people globally, emphasizing the broader
health impact of overworking.
Case in Point: Tragic Death in China
As the report brings attention to the global issue of overworking, a recent incident in
China serves as a tragic reminder. Li Hao, an undergraduate intern, passed away suddenly
after participating in multiple live-streaming gaming sessions compressed into a month.
His death highlights the urgent need to address overworking practices that persist
globally, impacting the well-being and lives of individuals in various professions.
Historic Milestone: Nepal Officially Registers First Same-Sex Marriage
Five months after the landmark decision by Nepal’s Supreme Court legalizing same-sex
marriage, the country has officially registered its first case. This move positions Nepal as
the first South Asian country to recognize and formalize same-sex marriages. The
groundbreaking event took place in Dordi Rural Municipality of Lamjung district, Western
Nepal.
Long Legal Journey: From 2007 to 2023
Nepal’s legal journey towards recognizing same-sex marriage began in 2007 when the
Supreme Court first allowed it. The 2015 Constitution explicitly prohibits discrimination
based on sexual orientation. On June 27, 2023, the Supreme Court issued an interim order
to legalize same-sex marriage, making it a pivotal moment in the ongoing fight for
equality. The recent registration of Maya and Surendra’s marriage represents a tangible
realization of this legal milestone.
Challenges Overcome: Rejected Application and Legal Progress
Despite the historic court order, Kathmandu District Court rejected the marriage
application four months ago, citing the absence of necessary laws. However, the
perseverance of the couple and the ongoing efforts of advocacy groups have now resulted
in the successful registration of their marriage. This achievement is not only a personal
victory for Maya and Surendra but also a triumph for the broader LGBTQ+ community in
Nepal.
Unveiling the Swift Spin of Sagittarius A
At the heart of our galaxy lies Sagittarius A*, a colossal black hole that has captivated
astronomers for years. A recent study, utilizing NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory, delves
into the mysteries of this black hole, revealing not only its rapid spin but also the profound
impact it has on the surrounding space-time fabric.
The Outflow Method: Probing Black Hole Rotation
Physicists, led by Ruth Daly, a professor at Penn State University, employed the innovative
“outflow method” to precisely determine Sagittarius A*’s rotational speed. This approach,
examining radio waves and X-ray emissions within the accretion disk enveloping black
holes, shed light on the enigmatic spin of this celestial giant.
Lense-Thirring Effect: Space-Time Reshaped
Daly emphasized that Sagittarius A*’s spin induces the Lense-Thirring effect, causing
space-time to be dragged along its rotation. This dynamic reshaping of the space-time
fabric, akin to a football in appearance, is a crucial observation that enhances our
understanding of the role black holes play in galaxy formation and evolution.
Angular Momentum: Defining the Spin
Assigning a spin value between 0 and 1 delineates a black hole’s rotation, with 0 indicating
no spin and 1 representing maximum spin. Sagittarius A*, previously shrouded in
ambiguity, now reveals a spin with an angular momentum value between 0.84 and 0.96.
Comparatively, M87*, another black hole, spins at the maximum value of 1 due to its
massive size.
Significance for Astronomers: Tools for Understanding
While the reshaping of space-time around Sagittarius A* poses no immediate threat, it
serves as a valuable tool for astronomers. Daly highlighted its significance in
comprehending the intricate relationship between black holes and galaxy formation,
stressing its role in advancing our understanding of cosmic evolution.
Implications for Galactic History: Mass and Spin Insights
Understanding a black hole’s mass and spin provides insights into its formation and
evolution. Dejan Stojkovic, a cosmology professor, pointed out that Sagittarius A*’s spin
rate suggests a substantial portion of its mass originated from accretion. This knowledge
is crucial for unraveling the history and structure of our galaxy, and it may even offer
insights into intriguing objects like wormholes.
Conclusion: Unraveling Cosmic Mysteries
The swift spin of Sagittarius A* marks a milestone in our cosmic exploration, offering
astronomers new perspectives on black hole dynamics and their impact on the fabric of
space-time. As the study unfolds, it promises to deepen our understanding of the
universe’s intricacies and unlock further cosmic mysteries.

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defeat in eight matches.

Collegium headed by Chief Justice of India D.Y. Chandrachud recommended the

November 12, 2023

November 14, 2023

November 15, 2023

November 16, 2023

November 17, 2023

between India and Sri Lanka has begun in Aundh (Pune).

November 19, 2023

November 23, 2023

November 24, 2023

November 26, 2023

mascot for the Khelo India Para Games 2023.

November 28, 2023

November 29, 2023

November 30, 2023

UK’s commitment to being a leader in AI innovation.

throughout India. By allowing nighttime operations of single-engine aircraft, DGCA seeks

promptly treated. Intravenous administration of equine anti-scorpion antivenom (ASA),

General economic conditions

Legal Identity and Rights-Based Return Management Conference

To address these challenges, institutional development and integration between the

Aside from presenting a wide array of tourism products and transformative

including Indonesia and Myanmar.

Tragically, COVID-related disruptions are estimated to have resulted in almost half a

Russia: Total hidden costs – $533,602

Heat is identified as the deadliest of extreme weather events, claiming at least

microbiomes, including activated sludge, anaerobic digestion in municipal

Mount St. Helens Seismic Activity

response to Upadhyay’s plea.

Chinese Scientists Create Monkey Chimera

maintenance requirements, decrease operational costs, and minimize downtime, making

conservation and protection steps. Nepal tripled its tigers.

Specifically, it primarily escapes Class 1 neutralizing antibodies.

to human dignity, as established by the Supreme Court in ‘Maneka Gandhi vs Union of

with a PhD or equivalent.”

for decades, researchers emphasize the importance of taking precautions to prevent

interventions, such as shade-net houses and zero-tillage, raise ecological and

town of Vairengte in Mizoram. Named ‘Cyrtodactylus vairengtensis’ after its place of

concerns and reinforcing diplomatic ties through naval presence.

contracted to L&T Shipbuilding for hull and part outfitting.

critical issues related to transitioning to clean economies, including energy security,

In response, the government initiated an outbreak response immunization drive,

sustainable development gap.

beacon transmitted from the Optical Communications Telescope Laboratory at JPL’s

Chautala expressed the Haryana government’s intent to challenge the decision in

Governors to grant assent to Bills, essentially determining if it can impose limits on

thaw, releasing significant CO2 and methane emissions.

remained insensitive to extreme weather events. However, native molluscs, corals,

Development Association-eligible countries, with credible alternatives, significant

strengthened diplomatic ties.

economic growth, and shared interests.

Policy (NEP) in 2020, significant developments in higher education, emphasizing

Rare Metal Tantalum Discovered in Punjab Soil

advantages—cost-effectiveness and the capacity to handle larger volumes, making it

step in the probe’s trajectory adjustment.

study the polarization of X-rays from celestial objects.

potentially lucrative endeavor for local fishermen.

Unprecedented Pest Infestation Devastates Paddy Crops in Assam

team of Andaman & Nicobar Command and NHQ.

Defence Working Group (JDWG) meetings.

November 24, 2023