International

Environmental
Laws and
International
Environmental
Agreements
OBJECTIVES
01.
DISCUSSION ON
INTERNATIONAL
Welcome to today's discussion on LAWS
International Environmental Law
and a glimpse into some key DISCUSSION ON
International
Agreements. And
Environmental
for today’s
02. INTERNATIONAL
ENVIRONMETAL
AGREEMENT
discussion, we are diving into a
crucial aspect of global cooperation

03.
for a sustainable future. Let's get STATISTICS OF THE
started! SUCCESS
IMPLEMENTATIONS
INTERNATIONAL
ENVIRONMENTAL
LAWS
International environmental laws are a
set of legal principles, agreements, and
treaties that address global
environmental challenges and promote
sustainable practices among nations.
These laws aim to establish norms and
regulations to address environmental
issues that transcend national borders.
 1979 CONVENTION ON
LONG-RANGE
TRANSBOUNDARY AIR
POLLUTION
Is a pivotal international agreement aimed at addressing air pollution
that transcends national borders. The primary objective of the
convention is to control and reduce air pollution on a regional scale,
emphasizing the interconnectedness of air quality across borders. It
focuses on mitigating pollutants that can have adverse effects on
human health, ecosystems, and the environment.
1979 CONVENTION ON LONG-
RANGE TRANSBOUNDARY AIR
POLLUTION
 THE 1985 VIENNA
CONVENTION FOR THE
PROTECTION OF THE
OZONE LAYER
Is a landmark international treaty designed to safeguard the Earth's
ozone layer. The primary objective of the Vienna Convention is to
protect the ozone layer from human activities that deplete it. The
ozone layer plays a crucial role in shielding life on Earth from harmful
ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
THE 1985 VIENNA CONVENTION
FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE
OZONE LAYER
 WHY THE 1985 VIENNA CONVENTION FOR THE
PROTECTION OF THE OZONE LAYER WAS CREATED?

DATA
SHOWING THE
HEALING
PROCESS OF
OZONE HOLE
 THE ENDANGERED SPECIES
(CONTROL OF
INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND
TRAFFIC) ACT, NO. 11 OF 1985
Is a legislative framework enacted to regulate and control the
international trade of endangered species in Sri Lanka. The primary
purpose of this Act is to protect wildlife species that are at risk of
extinction by monitoring and managing their international trade and
traffic.
Penalties for Violations: To deter illegal activities and unauthorized
trade, the Act imposes penalties for violations. Individuals or
organizations found guilty of offenses under the Act may face fines or
other legal consequences.
 WHY THE ENDANGERED SPECIES (CONTROL OF
INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND TRAFFIC) ACT, NO. 11 OF
1985 WAS IMPLEMENTED?
 THE WORLD BANK
GUIDELINES ON
ENVIRONMENTAL
ASSESSMENT (EA) - 1991
Provide a framework for systematically evaluating the potential
environmental and social impacts of projects financed by the World
Bank. These guidelines are designed to ensure that development
projects contribute to sustainable outcomes while minimizing adverse
effects on the environment and affected communities
Legal and Regulatory Compliance: The guidelines emphasize
compliance with national and international environmental laws and
regulations. Projects financed by the World Bank must align with these
legal frameworks to ensure responsible and lawful implementation
 THE INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR
CONSERVATION OF NATURE AND
NATURAL RESOURCES (IUCN)
GUIDELINES 1996
Provide a comprehensive framework for conservation initiatives,
emphasizing the sustainable use of natural resources and the
preservation of biodiversity. These guidelines, developed by the
IUCN, a global authority on conservation and sustainable
development, offer practical recommendations for individuals,
organizations, and governments involved in environmental
stewardship.
 THE CONVENTION ON THE
CONSERVATION OF MIGRATORY
SPECIES OF WILD ANIMAL 1979

The Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild

Animals, commonly known as the Bonn Convention, was
established in 1979 to address the conservation needs of
migratory species on a global scale. Recognizing the importance
of protecting species that cross international borders during
their life cycles, the Bonn Convention focuses on collaborative
efforts to ensure the conservation and sustainable use of these
migratory animals.
 CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL
DIVERSITY 1992
The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), established in 1992, is a
landmark international treaty that addresses the conservation of biological
diversity, sustainable use of its components, and fair and equitable sharing
of benefits arising from genetic resources. Adopted at the Earth Summit in
Rio de Janeiro, the CBD recognizes the interconnectedness of ecosystems
and the vital importance of biodiversity for the well-being of present and
future generations.
Three Main Objectives:
-Conservation of Biological Diversity
- Sustainable Use of its Components
- Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from Genetic Resources
 CONVENTION CONCERNING THE
PROTECTION OF THE WORLD
CULTURAL AND NATURAL
HERITAGE SITES 1978
The Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural
and Natural Heritage, adopted in 1972 and entered into force in
1975, is a landmark international treaty aimed at safeguarding
outstanding cultural and natural sites of global importance.
Commonly known as the World Heritage Convention, it was
established under the auspices of the United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
 BASEL CONVENTION ON THE CONTROL
OF TRANS- BOUNDARY MOVEMENTS OF
HAZARDOUS WASTES AND THEIR
DISPOSAL 1987

The Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary

Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal, established
in 1989 and entering into force in 1992, is an international treaty
aimed at regulating the movement of hazardous wastes across
national borders. The convention addresses the environmental
and human health risks associated with the generation,
transport, and disposal of hazardous wastes.
 CONVENTION FOR COOPERATION IN THE
PETROLEUM AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE
MARINE AND COAST ENVIRONMENTS OF
WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA 1984
In accordance with resolution 2997 (XXVII) of the United Na­t ions General
Assembly, UNEP was established "as a focal point for environmental action
and co-ordination within the United Nations sys­t em". The Governing
Council of UNEP has defined this environmental action as encompassing a
comprehensive, transsectorial approach to envi­r onmental problems which
should deal not only with the consequences but also with the causes of
environmental degradation. 2. Among the priority areas in which activities
are to be developed, the UNEP Governing Council has designated "Oceans".
In order to deal with the complexity of the environmental problems of the
oceans in an integrated way, the Governing Council adopted a regional
approach as exemplified by its Regional Seas Programme
INTERNATIONAL
ENVIRONMETAL
AGREEMENTS
International environmental
agreements are legally binding
accords negotiated and adopted by
multiple countries to address shared
environmental challenges on a
global scale. These agreements
establish frameworks, rules, and
commitments that guide the
behavior of participating nations in
order to promote environmental
protection, sustainability, and
cooperation.
THE PARIS
AGREEMENT
aim is to strengthen the global response to the threat
of climate change by keeping a global temperature
rise this century well below 2 degrees Celsius above
pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the
temperature increase even further to 1.5 degrees
Celsius. Additionally, the agreement aims to increase
the ability of countries to deal with the impacts of
climate change, and at making finance flows
consistent with a low GHG emissions and climate-
resilient pathway. To reach these ambitious goals,
appropriate mobilization and provision of financial
resources, a new technology framework and
enhanced capacity-building is to be put in place, thus
supporting action by developing countries and the
most vulnerable countries, in line with their own
national objectives. The Agreement also provides for
an enhanced transparency framework for action and
support
 2°C decrease in 196
Global countries
temperature
Adoption Date: December 12, 2015.
Entry into Force Date: November 4, 2016.
Number of Countries and Territories Involved: 196.
Number of Ratifications: 189.
Temperature Limit Goal: Well below 2 degrees Celsius, with efforts to
limit it to 1.5 degrees Celsius.
Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) Submission Frequency:
Every five years.
Financial Mechanism: Supports developing countries in adaptation and
mitigation efforts.
Global Stocktake Frequency: Every five years.
Common but Differentiated Responsibilities: Recognizes historical
emissions disparities.
Milestone: Fastest entry into force among major environmental
treaties.
Current Status of the Paris Agreement
Major Contributions of the Paris
Agreement
Major Contributions of the Paris
Agreement
THE MONTREAL
PROTOCOL
(1987)
Established in 1987, the
Montreal Protocol is a shining
example of global unity in the
face of an environmental crisis.
Its core objective? To protect
the Earth's ozone layer by
phasing out substances
responsible for ozone depletion
WHY THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL (1987) ESTABLISHED?
At that time, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other ozone-depleting
substances were prevalent in various industries, posing a severe threat to
the ozone layer. Recognizing the urgent need for action, countries
worldwide joined forces, setting the stage for a collaborative
environmental triumph. The Montreal Protocol stands as a monumental
success. Through concerted efforts, nearly 99% of ozone-depleting
substances have been phased out globally. This achievement not only
prevented millions of cases of skin cancer and eye cataracts but also had a
positive impact on mitigating climate change, given the role of these
substances as potent greenhouse gases.

OZONE LAYER HEALING AFTER MONTREAL PROTOCOL

WHY THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL (1987) ESTABLISHED?
THE KYOTO PROTOCOL (1997)
The Kyoto Protocol, established in
1997, aimed to curb global greenhouse
gas emissions, particularly from
industrialized nations. Its key success
lies in pioneering international efforts
to address climate change. By setting
binding emission reduction targets for
developed countries, it marked a
crucial step towards collective
responsibility. Although the protocol
had limitations and challenges, it laid
the groundwork for subsequent
climate agreements and heightened
global awareness about the urgent
need for coordinated action to combat
climate change December 11, 1997 World Signs the Kyoto Protocol
THE KYOTO PROTOCOL (1997)

GOALS OF KYOTO PROTOCOL

(1997)
THE KYOTO PROTOCOL (1997)
Kyoto Protocol Aims:

Kyoto Protocol is a protocol to the United Nations

Framework Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC), aimed at combating global warming.
The aim of the treaty was "stabilization of
greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere
at a level that would prevent dangerous human
interference with the climate system.
The Protocol was initially adopted on 11 December
1997 in Kyoto, Japan and entered into force on 16
February 2005
STATISTICS OF THE EFFECT OF KYOTO THE KYOTO PROTOCOL

DATA SHOWING THE POSITIVE EFFECTS OF KYOTO PROTOCOL IN

TERMS OF CARBON EMISSIONS IN DEVELOPED NATIONS.

DID KYOTO PROTOCOL MISSED THE TARGET?

THE NAGOYA PROTOCOL (2010)
Impact: Addresses access to genetic resources and
benefits sharing, promoting biodiversity conservation.
The Nagoya Protocol, adopted in 2010, focuses on the
fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from
the utilization of genetic resources. Its objective is
to ensure the conservation and sustainable use of
biological diversity while promoting the fair
distribution of benefits, particularly for indigenous
and local communities. The Nagoya Protocol
addresses issues related to access to genetic
resources, benefit-sharing mechanisms, and the
establishment of transparent and legal frameworks
THE NAGOYA PROTOCOL 2010
The Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and
Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization (ABS) to the
Convention on Biological Diversity is a supplementary agreement to the
Convention on Biological Diversity. It provides a transparent legal
framework for the effective implementation of one of the three
objectives of the CBD: the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising
out of the utilization of genetic resources.

The Nagoya Protocol on ABS was adopted on 29 October 2010 in Nagoya,

Japan and entered into force on 12 October 2014, 90 days after the
deposit of the fiftieth instrument of ratification. Its objective is the fair
and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of genetic
resources, thereby contributing to the conservation and sustainable use
of biodiversity.
THE NAGOYA PROTOCOL 2010
Why is the Nagoya Protocol important?
The Nagoya Protocol will create greater legal certainty and
transparency for both providers and users of genetic resources
by:
Establishing more predictable conditions for access to genetic
resources.
Helping to ensure benefit-sharing when genetic resources
leave the country providing the genetic resources
By helping to ensure benefit-sharing, the Nagoya Protocol
creates incentives to conserve and sustainably use genetic
resources, and therefore enhances the contribution of
biodiversity to development and human well-being.
HISTORY OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NAGOYA PROTOCOL 2010
OTHER IMPORTANT AGREEMENTS THAT
DIRECTLY AFFECT THE PLANET
Thank
you very
much!