Figures

1-1 Steel pipe in filtration plant gallery, 2

1-2 Stress-strain curve for steel, 8
1-3 True stress-strain for steel, 8
1-4 Stress-strain curves for carbon steel, 9
1-5 Plastic and elastic strains, 9
1-6 Actual and apparent stresses, 10
1-7 Determination of actual stress, 10
1-8 Experimental determination of strain characteristics, 12
1-9 Effects of strain hardening, 14
1-10 Effects of strain aging, 14
1-11 Transition curves obtained from Charpy V-notch impact tests, 17
1-12 Spiral pipe weld seams, 18
2-1 Schematic representation of the sequence of operations performed by a typical
machine for making electric-resistance-welded tubes from steel strip, 22
2-2 Cross section through weld point, 22
2-3 Electric resistance welding using high-frequency welding current, 22
2-4 Electric resistance welding by induction using high-frequency welding
current, 22
2-5 Sequence of operations in a typical double submerged arc weld process, 23
2-6 Schematic diagram of process for making spiral-seam pipe, 24
2-7 Schematic diagram for making plate pipe, 24
3-1 Solution of the Hazen-Williams formula, 28
3-2 Solution of Scobey flow formula for K, = 0.36, 30
3-3 Solution of Manning flow formula for n = 0.011, 32
3-4 Moody diagram for friction in pipe, 40
3-5 Resistance coefficients of valves and fittings for fluid flows, 41
4-1 Relation of various heads o r pressures for selection of design pressure
(gravity flow), 46
4-2 Relation of various heads o r pressures for selection of design pressure
(pumped flow), 46
5-1 Surge wave velocity chart for water, 53
6-1 Position of area, 67
7-1 Details of concrete saddle, 70
7-2 Saddle supports for 78-in. pipe, 70

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