10-9 Corrosion caused by dissimilar soils, 144

10-10 Corrosion caused by mixture of different soils, 144

10-11 Corrosion caused by differential aeration of soil, 144
10-12 Stray-current corrosion caused by electrified railway systems, 145
10-13 Control of stray-current corrosion, 146
10-14 Corrosion rate in various soils, 147
10-15 Cathodic protection-galvanic anode type, 150
10-16 Cathodic protection-rectifier type, 150
10-17 Bonding jumpers installed on sleeve-type coupling, 151
10-18 Bonding wire for bell-and-spigot rubber-gasketed joint, 151
12-1 Densified pipe zone bedding and backfill, 164
12-2 Special subgrade densification, 164
12-3 Bolt torque sequence, 168
13-1 Example of adequately detailed pipe special, 179
13-2 Plan and profile of bend in pipe on centerline of pipe, 179
13-3 Reinforcement of openings in welded steel pipe, 181
13-4 One-plate wye, 186
13-5 Three-plate wye, 186
13-6 Two-plate wye, 186
13-7 Nomograph for selecting reinforcement plate depths of equal-diameter
pipes, 188
13-8 N factor curves, 189
13-9 Q factor curves, 189
13-10 Selection of top depth, 190
13-11 Wye branch plan and layout, 191
13-12 Thrust at branch o r tee, thrust at bulkhead o r dead end, 194
13-13 Resultant thrust at pipe elbow, 194
13-14 Typical thrust blocking of a horizontal bend, 194
13-15 Thrust blocking of vertical bends, 195
13-16 Force diagram, 197
13-17 Lap welded joint, single-butt weld joint, 198
13-18 Harnessed joint detail, 198
13-19 Anchor ring, 199
13-20 Harness lug detail, 207
13-21 Reinforcing pad for tapped opening, 208
13-22 Nipple with cap, 208

ix

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