Department of Mathematics

Nationl University of Singapore

(AY2023/24) Semester I Homework 11/Tutorial 11 (Week 13)

Submission Deadline: Sunday 12 November, 23:59 pm

1. Find the area of the surface consisting of the part of the sphere x2 + y 2 + z2 = 4 that lies
above the horizontal plane z = 1.
Ans. 4π.

2. Find the exact value of the surface area of the portion of the upper cone
q
z = x2 + y 2
n o
above the region D = (x, y) ∈ R2 : x2 ≤ y ≤ x + 2, −1 ≤ x ≤ 2 .
√
9 2
Ans. 2 .

3. Find the area cut from the saddle surface az = x2 − y 2 by the cylinder x2 + y 2 = a2 . Here
a is a positive constant.
2  3 
Ans. πa6 5 2 − 1 .

4. Solve the following differential equations:

(a) x(x + 1)y 0 = 1

(b) y 0 = e(x−3y)
(c) (1 + y)y 0 + (1 − 2x)y 2 = 0
(d) xy 0 + (1 + x)y = e−x , x > 0,
(e) y 0 + y + yx = 0,
1−2y−4x
(f) y 0 = 1+y+2x ,
 x+y+1 2
(g) y 0 = x+y+3 .

x 3y x 1 2 −x C
Ans. (a) y = ln x+1 +C, (b) e = 3e +C, (c) ln |y|− y = x −x+C, y = 0, (d) y = e (1+ x ),
1
(e) y 2 = 2 −x+Ce
−2x , (f) 4x2 +4xy+y 2 −2x+2y = C, (g) −x+y+ln |(x+y+1)2 +2(x+y+1)+2| =

C.

1
 5. A certain person starts a rumour in a small town. The number of people who have
heard the rumour, R(t), is given by
dR
= KR(1300 − R),
dt
where K is a positive constant, and 1300 is the number of residents in that small town.
What is the meaning of K? Is this equation reasonable? [Hint: surely the rumour
will spread slowly both when hardly anyone has heard it yet, but also when nearly
everyone has already heard it!] By regarding this equation as a Bernoulli equation,
find R(t).

Self-Practice Exercises (not to be collected or discussed in tutorial class)

1. Solve the following differential equations:

(a) y 0 − (1 + 3x )y = x + 2, y(1) = e − 1, x > 0,
(b) 2xyy 0 + (x − 1)y 2 = x2 ex , x > 0.
3x−y−5
(c) y 0 = −x+3y+7
x2 +xy+y 2
(d) y 0 = x2
.
[Hint: For (c), let x = z + 1, y = w − 2. For (d), let y = xv.]
Ans. (a) y = −x + x3 ex , (b) y 2 = 21 xex + Cxe−x , (c) (x + y + 1)2 (y − x + 3) = C, (d) y =
x tan(ln |x| + c).
2. At time t = 0, a tank contains 400 grams of salt dissolved in 100 liters of water. Assume
that water containing 20 grams of salt per liter is entering the tank at a rate of 3 liters
per minute and that the will-mixed solution is draining from the tank at the rate of 4
liters per minute. Find the amount of salt in grams in the tank at time t = 50 minutes.
Give your answer correct to two decimal places.
Ans. 900.
3. If a cable is held up at two ends at the same height, then it will sag in the middle,
making a U-shaped curve called a catenary. This is the shape seen in electricity cables
suspended between poles. It can be shown using simple physics that if the shape is
given by a function y(x), then this function satisfies
Z r 2
dy µ x dy
= + 1 dt,
dx T 0 dt
where x = 0 at the lowest point of the catenary and y(0) = 0, where µ is the weight per
unit length of the cable, and where T is the horizontal component of its tension; this
horizontal component is a constant along the cable. Find a formula for the shape of
the cable. [Hint: Use the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, and think of the resulting
equation as a first-order ODE.]