9.8.

2 Column base subjected to three different loading conditions

The column shown below is to transmit a factored axial compression and bending
moment about its major axis to column base, which is then subjected to three critical
loading cases. One is concentric load, and the others are respectively eccentric load with
and without tensile bearing stress under base plate. The column base is then designed to
be grouted to the ground by bolted connection as shown. The section of column is
356×368×129 UC in grade S275 steel and the base plate is also made of S275 steel. The
compressive stress of base concrete is 20N/mm2 for the first two cases and 40N/mm2 for
the last case. The bolt size is selected to be M28 in grade 10.9. Design the base plate for
the column base when subjected to concentric loading case by considering compression
only and eccentric loading case comprised of both compression and moment.

Case Axial force (kN) Bending moment (kN-m) Concrete cube strength(N/mm2)
1 1200 0 20
2 1200 100 20
3 1200 450 40

356x368x129UC
50

355.5 50

10.7
368.3

17.5

Solution
Case 1: Try 600×600×15
Design strength of base plate, p yp = 275 N / mm 2 for T ≤ 16mm (Table 3.2)
Fc 1200 × 103
Required area, Areq = = = 105 mm 2
ω 12
Effective area, Aeff = 2(2c + T )(B + 2c ) + (D − 2T − 2c )(t + 2c )
= 2(2c + 17.5)(2c + 368.3) + (320.5 − 2c )(10.7 + 2c )
= 2(4c 2 + 771 .6c + 6445 .25 ) + (− 4c 2 + 619 .6c + 3429 .35 )
= 4c 2 + 2162.8c + 16319.85

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Set effective area equal to required area
105 = 4c 2 + 2162.8c + 16319.85
4c 2 + 2162.8c − 83680.15 = 0
∴ c = 36.3mm

Length of base plate, L p = D + 2c = 355 .5 + 2 × 36.3 = 428 .1mm < 600 mm (OK)
Width of base plate, B p = B + 2c = 368 .3 + 2 × 36.3 = 440 .9 < 600 mm (OK)
3w 3 × 0.6 × 20
Plate thickness, t p = c = 36.3 = 13.1mm < 15mm (OK)
p yp 265

The base plate is subjected to concentric compression and the tension bolts here are nominal or to transmit
shear only

Case 2: Try 600×600×35

M 100 × 10 6 Lp
Eccentricity of load, e = = = 83.3mm < = 100 mm
Fc 1200 × 10 3
6
∴ whole base plate is under compression and the tension bolts are nominal or to transmit shear only

Design strength of base plate, p yp = 265 N / mm 2 for 16mm < T ≤ 40mm (Table 3.2)

Maximum bearing pressure,

F M 1200 × 10 3 100 ×10 6 × 6
p max = c + = +
A Z 600 × 600 600 × 600 2
= 3.33 + 2.78 = 6.11 N mm 2 < 0.6 f cu = 12 N mm 2 (OK) (Clause 9.4.1)

Minimum bearing pressure,

p min = 3.33 − 2.78 = 0.55 N mm 2

Length of extended base plate,

600 − 355.5
L= = 122.3mm
2

Bearing pressure at the column flange,

6.11 − 0.55 2
p = 6.11 − × 122.3 = 4.98 N mm
600

Maximum moment due to bearing pressure per unit width,

4.98 × 122.32 6.11 × 122.32
M max = + = 4.288 × 10 4 Nmm / mm
6 3

Plastic modulus of base plate per unit width,

t p2
S p = 1.2 × = 245 mm3 mm
6

Moment capacity per unit width of base plate,

M cp = p yp S p = 265 × 245 = 6.493 × 10 4 N mm 2 > M max (OK)

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Case 3: try 600×600×35
M 450 × 10 6 Lp
Eccentricity of load, e = = = 375mm > = 100mm
Fc 1200 × 10 3
6
∴ part of the base is in tension and holding down bolts are required to resist tension uplif

Design strength of base plate, p yp = 255 N / mm 2 for 40mm < T ≤ 63mm (Table 3.2)

The eccentric effect due to bending is carried by both compression and tension, for which the compression
is taken by bearing pressure of concrete and tension is to resist through holding down tension bolts. The
bearing stress distribution assumes to be linear for the method for elastic behavior.

Modular ratio, α m = 15

Distance from the centerline of the bolts in tension to the edge of the base plate in compression,
d = 600 − 50 = 550 mm

Depth of the neutral axis,

⎛ α m fc ⎞ 15 × 24 ⎞
y = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟d = ⎛⎜ ⎟550 = 311.8mm
⎝ α m fc + ft ⎠ ⎝ 15 × 24 + 275 ⎠

Take moments about the centerline of the bolts in tension,

600
M = 450 + 1200 × ( − 50) × 10 −3 = 750kNm
2

Lever arm,
y
z = d − = 550 − 311.8 / 3 = 446.1mm
3

Compressive force in the concrete

M 750 × 103
C= = = 1681.2kN
z 446.1

Maximum bearing pressure in the concrete,

2C 2 × 1681.2 × 10 3
p max = = = 18.0 N / mm 2 < 0.6 f cu = 24 N / mm 2 (OK) (Clause 9.4.1)
b⋅ y 600 × 311.8

Tensile force in the holding down bolts,

T = C − Fc = 1681.2 − 1200 = 481.2kN

Use 2 nos. of M24 bolts.

Design tensile strength of bolt, pt = 700 N mm 2 (Table 9.8)
Tension capacity of bolt, Pt = As pt = 358 × 700 = 250.6kN (9.25)
Total tension capacity, 2 Pt = 501.2kN > T (OK)

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Bending moment due to triangular pressure distribution, a cantilever of base plate is modeled as shown,

122.35mm

122.35mm

Steel stress p t

concrete stress f c

Bearing pressure at the column flange,

311.8 − 122.3
p= × 18 = 10.94 N mm 2
311.8

Maximum bending per unit width,

10.9 × 122.32 18 × 122.32
M max = + = 1.169 × 105 Nmm mm
6 3

Moment capacity of base plate per unit width,

t 2p 50 2
M cp = p yp × = 255 × = 1.275 × 105 Nmm mm > M max (OK)
5 5

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