EXAMPLE 2

i) What are the coordinates of the (1) center,

Pre-
(2) foci, (3) vertices, and (4) co-vertices of
the ellipse shown in the figure at the right? Calculus

ii) Find the length of the (5) major axis, (6)

minor axis and the distance between the (7)
foci of the ellipse.

SOLUTION
1. Center: C (0,0)
2. Foci: F1 (0,-5) ; F2 (0,5)
3. Vertices: V1 (0,-13) ; V2 (0,13)
4. Co-vertices: W1 (-12,0) ; W2 (12,0)
5. The length of the major axis is 26 units. (vertical axis)
6. The length of the minor axis is 24 units. (horizontal axis)
Quarter 1 Week 3 - A
7. The distance between the foci of the ellipse is 10 units.
(STEM_PC11AG-Ic-1)
The learner defines an ellipse.
EXERCISES 2.
i) What are the coordinates of the (1) center, (2) foci, (3) vertices, and Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
(4) co-vertices of the ellipse shown in the figures the below?
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government
ii) Find the length of the (5) major axis, (6) minor axis and the distance
agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such
between the (7) foci of the ellipse.
work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the
payment of royalties.
A) B)
This MathPACKS is published to be utilized by the Schools Division of Iloilo.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this learning resource maybe reproduced
or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical without written
permission from the Schools Division of Iloilo.

Writer: RENALYN F. CANDOR

Graphic Artist: PATRICK T. LOMIGO
Layout Artist: KRISHEA MAE P. JARUDA
Division Quality Assurance: Dr. KIM S. ARCEÑA
Enrichment Activity Dr. JULIO J. VILLALON
EPS I - Mathematics: Dr. KIM S. ARCEÑA
Refer to the link below. Management Team:
Dr. Roel F. Bermejo, Dr. Nordy D. Siason, Jr.
https://www.khanacademy.org/math/precalculus/ Dr. Lilibeth T. Estoque, Dr. Azucena T. Falales
x9e81a4f98389efdf:conics#x9e81a4f98389efdf:ellipse-center-radii Ruben S. Libutaque, Lilibeth E. Larupay, Dr. Kim S. Arceña

37
 GENERALIZATION  If x = 0, then y = ±b. Each covertex is b
Center Minor Axis

Unlike circle and parabola, an ellipse is one of the conic sections that most
students have not encountered
formally before. Its shape is a bounded
curve which looks like a flattened
circle. The orbits of the planets in our
solar system around the sun happen
to be elliptical in shape. Also, just like
parabolas, ellipses have reflective
properties that have been used in the
construction of certain structures.
units away from the center.
 The segment W1 W2 is 2b units long.
Since a >b, the major axis is longer
than the minor axis.
Major Axis
Credit: VICTOR HABBICK VISIONS / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY
https://www.sciencephoto.com/media/324081/view/artwork-of-the-orbits-of- Ellipse with vertical major axis
the-planets

EXAMPLE 1
What is an ellipse?
Name the part of the ellipse represented by the following points and line
An ellipse is the set of all points on the plane , the sum of whose distances from segments. Refer to the figure at the right.
two fixed points, called the foci, is a constant.
 Points (-4, 0) & (4,0)
 Points (0,-3) & (0, 3)
Parts of an Ellipse
 Line segment whose endpoints are
(1) Center: origin (0, 0) (-5, 0) & (5,0)
(2) Foci or Focus : F1 (−c, 0) and F2 (c, 0)  Line segment whose endpoints are
• Each focus is c units away from the center. (0,-3) & (0, 3)
• For any point on the ellipse, the sum of its  Points (-5, 0) & (5,0)
distances from the foci is 2a.
SOLUTION
(3) Vertices or Vertex : V1 (−a, 0) and V2 (a, 0) 1) Foci 3) Major Axis 5) Vertices
• The vertices are points on the ellipse, collinear with the center and foci. 2) Covertices 4) Minor Axis
• If y = 0, then x = ±a. Each vertex is a units away from the center.
• The line segment V1 V2 is called the major axis. Its length is 2a. It divides the EXERCISES 1.
ellipse into two congruent parts.
Center Name the part of the ellipse represented by the following points and line
Minor Axis
(4) Covertices or Covertex : segments. Refer to the figure at the right.
W1 (0,−b) and W2 (0, b)  Points (0,-5) & (0, 5)
The segment through the center,  Line segment whose end-
perpendicular to the major axis, is points are (0,-5) & (0, 5)
the minor axis. It meets the el-  Points (-12, 0) & (12,0)
lipse at the covertices. It divides
the ellipse into two congruent  Points (-14, 0) & (14,0)
Major Axis
parts.  Line segment whose end-
Ellipse with horizontal major axis points are (-14, 0) & (14,0)

Reference: Pre-calculus Teacher’s Guide - DepEd 17 2

Given that the foci of the ellipse lie on the vertical axis and it is always
collinear with the vertices, we can now say that the ellipse has a
vertical major axis. Pre-
Calculus

The standard equation for the vertical ellipse is , where

a > b.

Replacing the values of a = 10 and b = 6 to the standard equation,

So, the standard equation of the ellipse is,

Quarter 1 Week 3 - B
(STEM_PC11AG-Ic-2)
The learner determines the standard form of equation of an ellipse.

EXERCISES 4.
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any

1) Find the equation in standard form of the ellipse whose foci are
F1 (0, −3) and F2 (0, 3), such that for any point on it, the sum of
its distances from the foci is 10.
2) Find the equation in standard form of the ellipse whose foci are
F1 (-12, 0) and F2 (12, 0), such that for any point on it, the sum
of its distances from the foci is 26.
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government
agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such
work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the
payment of royalties.
This MathPACKS is published to be utilized by the Schools Division of Iloilo.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this learning resource maybe reproduced
or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical without written
permission from the Schools Division of Iloilo.

Writer: RENALYN F. CANDOR

Enrichment Activity Graphic Artist: PATRICK T. LOMIGO
Layout Artist: KRISHEA MAE P. JARUDA
Division Quality Assurance: Dr. KIM S. ARCEÑA
Refer to the link below. Dr. JULIO J. VILLALON
https://www.khanacademy.org/math/precalculus/ EPS I - Mathematics: Dr. KIM S. ARCEÑA
Management Team:
x9e81a4f98389efdf:conics#x9e81a4f98389efdf:ellipse-center Dr. Roel F. Bermejo, Dr. Nordy D. Siason, Jr.
-radii Dr. Lilibeth T. Estoque, Dr. Azucena T. Falales
Ruben S. Libutaque, Lilibeth E. Larupay, Dr. Kim S. Arceña

77
 GENERALIZATION EXAMPLE 4

Standard Equation of an Ellipse with Center at the Origin Find the equation in standard form of the ellipse whose foci are F1 (0, −8)
and F2 (0, −8), such that for any point on it, the sum of its distances from
The standard equations and properties of an ellipse with center at the origin and the foci is 20.
has a coordinate C (0,0) are given in the box.
In all two cases below, a > b and . The foci F1 and F2 are c units
away from the center. The vertices V1 and V2 are a units away from the center,
the major axis has length 2a, the covertices W1 and W2 are b units away from SOLUTION
(0, 8)
the center, and the minor axis has length 2b. Recall that, for any point on the
Given: The foci of the ellipse has coordi- d1
ellipse, the sum of its distances from the foci is 2a. c
nates F1 (0, −8) and F2 (0, −8), any point on it,
In the standard equation, if the x-part has the bigger denominator, the the sum of its distances from the foci is 20.
ellipse is horizontal. I f the y-part has the bigger denominator, the
ellipse is vertical. Remember that F1 and F2 are “c” units away d2

from the center and when plotted on a Cartesian c

Horizontal Vertical plane, they lie on the vertical axis as shown in
(0, -8)
the figure at the right.
Thus, .

b a a Note also that d1 and d2 are the distances of any point on the ellipse from the
c
foci and d1 + d2 = 2a. Based on the given, d1 + d2 = 20.

a c Thus,
b
a

Center: C (0, 0) Center: C (0, 0)

Foci : F1 (−c, 0) ;F2 (c, 0) Foci : F1 (0, −c) ;F2 (0,c)
Vertices: V1 (−a, 0) ; V2 (a, 0) To find b, we consider the special relationship with a, b, c and that is
Vertices: V1 (0, −a) ; V2 (0, a)
Covertices: W1 (0,−b) ; W2 (0, b) Covertices: W1 (−b, 0) ; W2 (b, 0) . And so, .

a>b a>b
major axis: horizontal major axis: vertical
minor axis: vertical minor axis: horizontal Since a = 10 and c = 8,

An important relationship between a, b, and c is that .

This is true because of the
fact that d1 + d2 = 2a, and
thus we can draw a right
triangle using a, b, and c.

Reference: Pre-calculus Teacher’s Guide - DepEd 1 6

 The previous equation can EXAMPLE 1
also be expressed in this
form. Give the coordinates of the center, foci, vertices, and covertices of the

Simplify each term. ellipse with equation .

SOLUTION

Since the x-part has the bigger denominator, the ellipse is horizontal.
Remember that a > b.

Given Equation Standard Equation for Horizontal Ellipse

Since the y-part has the bigger denominator, the ellipse is vertical.
Remember that a > b.

Vertical Ellipse
Center: C (0, 0)
Foci : F1 (0, −c) ;F2 (0,c)
Vertices: V1 (0, −a) ; V2 (0, a)
Covertices: W1 (−b, 0) ; W2 (b, 0)
Horizontal Ellipse
Center: C (0, 0) Center: C (0, 0)
Foci : F1 (0, −3) ;F2 (0, 3)
Foci : F1 (−c, 0) ;F2 (c, 0)
Vertices: V1 (0, −5) ; V2 (0, 5)
Covertices: W1 (−4, 0) ; W2 (4, 0) Vertices: V1 (−a, 0) ; V2 (a, 0)
Covertices: W1 (0,−b) ; W2 (0, b)

EXERCISES 3. Center: C (0, 0)

Give the coordinates of the center, foci, vertices, and covertices of the Foci : F1 (−12, 0) ;F2 (12, 0)
ellipse with the given equation. Vertices: V1 (−13, 0) ; V2 (13, 0)
Covertices: W1 (0,−5) ; W2 (0, 5)

Reference: Pre-calculus Teacher’s Guide - DepEd 5 2

 Vertical Ellipse
EXERCISES 1.
Center: C (0, 0)
Give the coordinates of the center, foci, vertices, and covertices of the Foci : F1 (0, −c) ;F2 (0,c)
ellipse with the given equation. Vertices: V1 (0, −a) ; V2 (0, a)
Covertices: W1 (−b, 0) ; W2 (b, 0)

Center: C (0, 0)
Foci : F1 (0, −8 ) ;F2 (0, 8 )
Vertices: V1 (0, −10) ; V2 (0, 10)
Covertices: W1 (−6, 0) ; W2 (6, 0)
EXAMPLE 2
Give the coordinates of the center, foci, vertices, and covertices of the
EXERCISES 2.
ellipse with equation .
Give the coordinates of the center, foci, vertices, and covertices of the
ellipse with the given equation.
SOLUTION

Since the y-part has the bigger denominator, the ellipse is vertical.
Remember that a > b.

Given Equation Standard Equation for Vertical Ellipse

EXAMPLE 3
Give the coordinates of the foci, vertices, and covertices of the ellipse
with equation .

SOLUTION

Based on the standard equation of an ellipse, the right side is always

equal to 1. So, we need to make the right side of the given equation
equals to 1.

Divide both sides of the

equation by 400 to make
the right side 1.

Reference: Pre-calculus Teacher’s Guide - DepEd 3 4

Horizontal Ellipse
Center: C (h, k) Pre-
Foci : F1 (h − c, k) ;F2 (h + c, k) Calculus
Vertices: V1 (h − a, k) ; V2 (h + a, k)
Co-vertices: W1(h, k - b);W2(h, k + b)

Center: C(7, -2)

Foci :
Vertices: V 1 (-1, -2) ; V2 (15, -2)
Covertices: W 1 (7, -8) ; W2 (7, 4)

EXERCISES 3.
Quarter 1 Week 3 - C
Give the coordinates of the foci, vertices, and co-vertices of the ellipse (STEM_PC11AG-Ic-2)
with the given equation. The learner determines the standard form of equation of an ellipse.

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government
agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such
work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the
payment of royalties.
This MathPACKS is published to be utilized by the Schools Division of Iloilo.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this learning resource maybe reproduced
or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical without written
permission from the Schools Division of Iloilo.
Enrichment Activity
Writer: RENALYN F. CANDOR
Graphic Artist: PATRICK T. LOMIGO
Refer to the link below. Layout Artist: KRISHEA MAE P. JARUDA
Division Quality Assurance: Dr. KIM S. ARCEÑA
https://www.khanacademy.org/math/precalculus/ Dr. JULIO J. VILLALON
x9e81a4f98389efdf:conics#x9e81a4f98389efdf:ellipse- EPS I - Mathematics: Dr. KIM S. ARCEÑA
center-radii Management Team:
Dr. Roel F. Bermejo, Dr. Nordy D. Siason, Jr.
Dr. Lilibeth T. Estoque, Dr. Azucena T. Falales
Ruben S. Libutaque, Lilibeth E. Larupay, Dr. Kim S. Arceña

Reference: Pre-calculus Teacher’s Guide - DepEd 737

 GENERALIZATION The previous equation
can also be expressed
Standard Equation of an Ellipse with Center not at the Origin in this form.
Some ellipses have centers not at the origin and has a coordinate C(h,k). Their
standard equations and properties are given in the box.
Express the perfect
In all two cases below, a > b and . The foci F1 and F2 are c units
away from the center. The vertices V1 and V2 are a units away from the center, square trinomial into a
the major axis has length 2a, the covertices W1 and W2 are b units away from square of a binomial.
the center, and the minor axis has length 2b. Recall that, for any point on the
ellipse, the sum of its distances from the foci is 2a.
In the standard equation, if the x-part has the bigger denominator, the
ellipse is horizontal. I f the y-part has the bigger denominator, the
ellipse is vertical.
Simplify each term.
Horizontal Vertical

c a
b a

a c b
a

Since the x-part has the bigger denominator, the ellipse is horizontal.
Remember that a > b.

Center: C (h, k) Center: C (h, k)

Foci : F1 (h − c, k) ;F2 (h + c, k) Foci : F1 (h, k − c ) ;F2 (h, k + c )
Vertices: V1 (h − a, k) ; V2 (h + a, k) Vertices: V1 (h, k - a) ; V2 (h, k + a)
Co-vertices: W1 (h, k - b) ; W2 (h, k + Co-vertices: W1 (h − b, k) ; W2 (h + b,

a>b a>b
major axis: horizontal major axis: vertical
minor axis: vertical minor axis: horizontal

Reference: Pre-calculus Teacher’s Guide - DepEd 1 6

 SOLUTION An important relationship between a, b, and c is that .
The first step is to rewrite each equation in standard form by completing This is true because of the
the square in x and in y. From the standard equation, we can determine fact that d1 + d2 = 2a,
the center, foci, vertices and co-vertices. and thus we can draw a
right triangle using a, b,
Given Equation:
and c.
Group the terms
according to variable.
EXAMPLE 1
Factor out the
coefficients of x-squared Give the coordinates of the center, foci, vertices, and co-vertices of the
and y-squared. ellipse with equation .

Complete the square

inside the parenthesis. SOLUTION

To complete the Since the y-part has the bigger denominator, the ellipse is vertical.
square, take the Remember that a > b.
coefficients of x and y
and divide each by 2. Given Equation Standard Equation for Vertical Ellipse
Square the result and
add to the both sides of
the equation.

Based on the standard equation of an ellipse, the right side is always

equal to 1. So, we need to make the right side of the given equation
equals to 1.

Divide both sides of the

equation by 576 to make
the right side 1.

Reference: Pre-calculus Teacher’s Guide - DepEd 5 2

Vertical Ellipse
Center: C (h, k)
Foci : F1 (h, k − c ) ;F2 (h, k + c )
Vertices: V1 (h, k - a) ; V2 (h, k + a)
Co-vertices: W1 (h − b, k) ; W2 (h + b, k)

Center: C (-3, 5)
Foci : F 1 (-3, 0) ; F2 (-3, 10)
Vertices: V 1 (-3, -2) ; V2 (-3, 12) Horizontal Ellipse
Co-vertices: Center: C (h, k)
Foci : F1 (h − c, k) ;F2 (h + c, k)
Vertices: V1 (h − a, k) ; V2 (h + a, k)
Co-vertices: W1 (h, k - b) ; W2 (h, k + b)
EXERCISES 1.
Give the coordinates of the center, foci, vertices, and co-vertices of the Center: C (-1, -1)
ellipse with the given equation. Foci : F 1(-9, -1) ; F2(7, -1)
Vertices: V 1 (-11, -1) ; V2 (9, -1)
Covertices: W 1 (-1, -7) ; W2 (-1, 5)

EXAMPLE 2
Give the coordinates of the center, foci, vertices, and co-vertices of the ellipse EXERCISES 2.
with equation . Give the coordinates of the center, foci, vertices, and co-vertices of the
ellipse with the given equation.

SOLUTION
Since the x-part has the bigger denominator, the ellipse is horizontal. Remember
that a > b.

Given Equation Standard Equation for Horizontal Ellipse

EXAMPLE 3

Give the coordinates of the center, foci, vertices, and co-vertices of the
ellipse with equation .

Reference: Pre-calculus Teacher’s Guide - DepEd 3 4

2.
MathPACKS Precalculus
Center: C(−7, 4)
Quarter 1 Week 3 – A
Foci: F1(-7, 1) & F2(-7, 7) ANSWER KEY
Vertices: V1(-7, -1) & V2(-7, 9)
Covertices: W1(-11, 4) & W2(-3, 4) EXERCISES 1
EXERCISES 2 1. Co-vertices (singular: Covertex) 4. Vertices (singular: Vertex)
2. Minor Axis 5. Major Axis
1. 3. Foci (singular: Focus)

EXERCISES 2A
Center: C(−7, 4)
Foci: F1(-7, 1) & F2(-7, 7) 1. Center: C(0, 0) 26 units
Vertices: V1(-7, -1) & V2(-7, 9) 2. Foci: F1(-12, 0) & F2(12, 0) 6. The length of the minor axis is
3. Vertices: V1(-13, 0) & V2(13, 0) 10 units
Covertices: W1(-11, 4) & W2(-3, 4)
7. The distance between the foci
4. Co-vertices: W1(0, -5) & W2
of the ellipse is 24 units.
2. (0,5)
5. The length of the major axis is

Center: C(−7, 4) EXERCISES 2B

Foci: F1(-7, 1) & F2(-7, 7)
Vertices: V1(-7, -1) & V2(-7, 9) 1. Center: C(0, 0) 6. The length of the minor axis is
Covertices: W1(-11, 4) & W2(-3, 4) 2. Foci: F1(0, -3)& F2(0, 3) 8 units
3. Vertices: V1(0, -5)& V2(0, 5) 7. The distance between the foci
of the ellipse is 6 units.
EXERCISES 3 4. Co-vertices: W1(-4, 0) &
W2(4, 0)
1. 5. The length of the major axis is
10 units

Center: C(−4, 3) Quarter 1 Week 3 – B

Foci: F1(−4 - , 3) & F2(-4 + , 3)
Vertices: V1(-8, 3) & V2(0, 3) EXERCISES 1
Covertices: W1(-4, 0) & W2(-4, 6)
1. Since the x-part has the bigger denominator, the ellipse is horizontal.
Remember that a > b.
2.

Center: C(2, -3)

Foci: F1(2, -7) & F2(2, 1) Foci: F1(−3, 0) & F2(3, 0)
Vertices: V1(2, -9) & V2(2, 3) Vertices: V1(−10, 0) & V2(10, 0)
Covertices: W1(2 - 2 , -3) & W2(2 + 2 , -3) Covertices: W1(0, -4) & W2(0, 4)

4 1
2. Since the x-part has the bigger denominator, the ellipse is horizontal.
2. Based on the standard equation of an ellipse, the right side is always
Remember that a > b.
equal to 1. So, we need to make the right side of the given equation
equals to 1.

Foci: F1(−10, 0) & F2(10, 0)

Vertices: V1(−13, 0) & V2(13, 0) Since the y-part has the bigger denominator, the ellipse is vertical.
Co-vertices: W1(0, -12) & W2(0, 12) Remember that a > b.

EXERCISES 2
1. Since the y-part has the bigger denominator, the ellipse is vertical. Foci: F1(0, -1) & F2(0, 1)
Remember that a > b. Vertices: V1(0, -4) & V2(0, 4)
Co-vertices: W1(− , 0) & W2( , 0)

EXERCISES 4
Foci: F1(0, -4) & F2(0, 4)
Vertices: V1(0, -5) & V2(0, 5)
1. c = 3, a = 5, b = 4, the ellipse is vertical
Co-vertices: W1(−3, 0) & W2(3, 0)

2. Since the y-part has the bigger denominator, the ellipse is vertical.
Remember that a > b.
2. c = 12, a = 13, b = 5, the ellipse is horizontal

Foci: F1(0, -10.91) & F2(0, 10.91)

Vertices: V1(0, -12) & V2(0, 12)
Co-vertices: W1(−5, 0) & W2(5, 0)
Quarter 1 Week 3 – C
EXERCISES 3
1. Based on the standard equation of an ellipse, the right side is always EXERCISES 1
equal to 1. So, we need to make the right side of the given equation
equals to 1. 1. Since the y-part has the bigger denominator, the ellipse is vertical.
Remember that a > b.

Since the x-part has the bigger denominator, the ellipse is horizontal.
Remember that a > b. Center: C(−7, 4)
Foci: F1(-7, 1) & F2(-7, 7)
Vertices: V1(-7, -1) & V2(-7, 9)
Foci: F1(−3, 0) & F2(3, 0)
Co-vertices: W1(-11, 4) & W2(-3, 4)
Vertices: V1(− , 0) & V2( , 0)
Co-vertices: W1(0, -2) & W2(0, 2)
2 3