Institute of Technology of Cambodia Calculus II (2022-23)

I1-TD2
(Numerical Sequences)

1. By using the definition, show that

3n + 1 √
(a) lim = 3, (b) lim 2n + 1 = +∞.
n→∞ n + 3 n→∞

2. Let (un ) and (vn ) be two sequences such that (3un + vn ) and (un − 2vn ) are convergent.
Show that (un ) and (vn ) are convergent.

3. Let a, b, c ∈ R with b2 < 4ac and (un ), (vn ) be two sequence satify

au2n + bun vn + cvn2 −→ 0

Show that un −→ 0 and vn −→ 0.

4. Let (un ) be a sequence of strictly positive number satisfy

1
un + −→ 2
un n→+∞
Find the limit of (un ).

5. Let (un ), (vn ) and (wn ) be three sequences satisfy

(
un + vn + wn −→ 3a
u2n + vn2 + wn2 −→ 3a2

Show that un −→ a; vn −→ a and wn −→ a.

6. Compute the limit of the following sequences.

n
cos(2n3 ) X 1
(a) un = (c) un = √
n + (−1)n+1 n2 +k
k=1
n 
Y √ 2k+1
√ 
p (d) un = 2− 2
(b) un = n 3 + (−1)n k=1

n
1 X
7. Find the limit of the lim 2 k[kx] where [x] denotes the greatest integer smaller than
n k=1
or equal to x.

8. Let (un ) be an arithematics sequence whose terms are positive. Compute

n
1 X 1
lim √ √ √
n k=1 uk + uk+1

9. Use any method to compute limit of the following sequences.

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Institute of Technology of Cambodia Calculus II (2022-23)

n  2 n
X 1 k X k+1
(a) 1+ (c)
k=1
n n k=1
(k + 2)!
n n
1 X 1 Y k3 − 1
(b) √ √ √ (d)
n k=1 3k + 1 + 3k − 2 k=2
k3 + 1

10. Study the convergent of the sequence.

n n
X 1 X 1
(a) un = (b) vn = p
k=1
k2 k=1
(n + k − 1)(n + k)

11. Compute limit of the following sequence.

n n
1 X (p + k)! 1 X1
(a) an = (c) cn =
np+1 k=0 k! ln n k=1 k
n n
1 X 1 1 X p n
(b) bn = √ √ (d) fn = p k − , p ∈ N.
n k=0 n + k n k=1 p+1

12. Let (un ) be a sequence of strictly positive numbers. Show that

un+1 √
(a) lim = ` =⇒ lim n un = `.
un
√
(b) lim un = ` =⇒ lim n u1 u2 . . . un = `.
13. Show that
 n 1/n n
n!e 1Y 27
(a) lim =1 (c) lim (2n + k)1/n =
nn n k=1 4e
 3n 1/n
n
(b) lim 3
= e3
(n!)

14. Let (un ) be a sequence defined by

2(2un + 1)
u1 = 1, un+1 =
un + 3
(a) Show that 0 < un < 2, for n ≥ 1.
(b) Show that (un ) is an increasing sequence.
(c) Deduce that (un ) is a convergent sequence.
15. Let (zn ) be a complex-valued sequence such that
1
∀n ∈ N : zn+1 = (zn + 2z̄n ).
3
Show that (zn ) is convergent and express its limit in term of z0 .
16. Let (un ) and (vn ) be two sequences defined by
u2n + vn2 un + vn
0 < v1 < u1 , un+1 = , vn+1 =
un + vn 2

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Institute of Technology of Cambodia Calculus II (2022-23)

(a) Show that (un ) and (vn ) are monotonic sequences.

(b) Show that (un ) and (vn ) converge to the same limit.

17. Let a, b ∈ R such that 0 < a < b. Suppose u0 = a and v0 = b and for n ≥ 1,
√ un + vn
un+1 = un vn and vn+1 =
2
Show that (un ) and (vn ) are convergent sequences. Then, deduce that they converge to
the same limit.
n
X 1
18. Let (Hn ) be a sequence defined by Hn = .
k=1
k

1 1
(a) Show that for n > 0, ≤ ln(n + 1) − ln n ≤ .
n+1 n
(b) Deduce that ln(n + 1) ≤ Hn ≤ ln n + 1
(c) Determine the limit of Hn .
(d) Show that un = Hn − ln n is decreasing and positive.
(e) Deduce the convergence of (un ). (note that (un ) converges to γ called Euler’s con-
stant).

19. Compute
n
X 1
lim
n→∞
k=1
12 + 22 + · · · + k2
n
X 1
(Hint: = ln n + γ + εn , where εn −→ 0 as n → 0.)
k=1
k

20. (a) Suppose that (u2n ) and (u2n+1 ) converge to the same limit `. Prove that (un ) con-
verges to `.
(b) Find a sequence (un ) such that (u2n ) and (u2n+1 ) are convergent, but (un ) is diver-
gent.
(c) Suppose that (u2n ), (u2n+1 ) and (u3n ) are convergent. Show that (un ) is also conver-
gent.
n
X
21. Let (un ) be a decreasing sequence tends to zero. For all n ∈ N, Sn = (−1)k uk . Show
k=0
that two subsequences (S2n ) and (S2n+1 ) are adjacent and deduce that (Sn ) is convergent.

22. Suppose that (un ) is an increasing sequence and (u2n ) is convergent. Show that (un ) is
convergent.

23. Let θ ∈ (0, π/2),

θ θ
un = 2n sin , and vn = 2n tan .
2n 2n
Show that (un ) and (vn ) are adjacent. Find their limits.

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Institute of Technology of Cambodia Calculus II (2022-23)

24. Let (an ) and (bn ) be two sequences with general terms defined by
2n 2n
X 1 X 1
an = and bn = .
k=n+1
k k=n
k

Show that (an ) and (bn ) are adjacent.

25. Let (un ) and (vn ) be two sequences defined by
n
96 × (−1)n X
un = and vn = uk
(2n − 3)(2n − 1)(2n + 1)(2n + 3)(2n + 5) k=1

Study the sequences (v2n ) and (v2n+1 ), then show that (vn ) is convergent.
26. Determine lim sup, lim inf and limit of the following sequences.
n nπ 2 nπ p
n
(a) an = cos (b) dn = 1 + e−n sin (c) fn = 1 + 2n(−1)n
n+1 3 2
27. Which of the following sequences are Cauchy sequences?
sin n n n
(a)
X 1 X (−1)k−1
2n (b) cn = (c) dn =
k=1
k k=1
k(k + 1)

28. Determine the general term of sequences (un ) defined by:

(a) un − 4un−1 + 4un−2 = 0, u0 = u1 = 1 (d) un+2 −5un+1 +6un = 2n , u0 = −1, u1 =

(b) un+2 = un+1 − un , u0 = 1, u1 = 2 2
1
(c) un+2 = 2un+1 + un + 3n , u0 = 1, u1 = 2 (e) un+1 = un + un−1 , u1 = 1, u2 = −1
3
29. Let (un ) be a sequence defined by
√ √
u1 = 1, u2 = 2 and un+1 = un + un−1
(a) Show that (un ) is increasing and bounded above.
(b) Deduce that (un ) is convergent and then find its limit.
30. Let (un )n≥1 be a sequence defined by
u1 = u2 = u3 = 1 and ∀n ≥ 1, un un+3 = 1 + un+1 un+2 .
Show that ∀n ∈ N∗ : un ∈ N∗ .
31. Study the sequence (un ) defined by
un + 2
(a) u1 = 1, un =
un + 1
(b) u0 = a ∈ R, ∀n ∈ N : un+1 = u3n .
r
√
q
(c) u0 ∈ R∗+ , ∀n ∈ N : un+1 = un + un−1 + · · · + u0 .
(d) u0 = 1, ∀n ∈ N : un+1 = eun − 2.
u2n + 3
(e) u0 ∈ R∗+ , ∀n ∈ N : un+1 = .
2(un + 1)

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