Lecture # 22 (Ex:6.6 - 6.

9)
Geometric Progression (G.P.)
an
The sequence an  in which is the same non-zero number for all n  N and n  1 ,
an 1
an
is called geometric progression. The quotient is usually denoted by r and is called common ratio.
an 1
The G.P. can be written as: a,ar,ar 2 ,ar 3 ,........,ar n 1 , where an  ar n 1 is general term of G.P.
Note:
(i) No term of G.P. is zero. (ii) If a,b,c are in G. P. then b 2  a c
1 1 1 a
(iii) If , , are in G. P. then r  
a b c c
1
 aq  q p
(iv) If a p and aq are two terms of an G.P. then r  
 ap
 
Geometric Mean (G.M.)
A number G is said to be geometric mean between two numbers a and b
G b
if a, G, b are in G.P.    G2  a b  G   ab
a G
Note:
(i) Middle term of three consecutive terms of a G.P. is the G.M. between the extreme terms. In general, we
can say an is G.M. between an 1 and an 1 . i.e. an  an 1  an 1

(ii) If G1 ,G2 ,G3 ,.....,G n be n G.Ms. between a and b, then n G1G2G3 .....Gn  ab .
m
 b  n 1
(iii) If there are n G.Ms. between two numbers a and b then m G.M. is given by Gm  a  
th
a
1
(iv) Geometric Mean of n terms a1 ,a2 ,a3 ,.....,a n is equal to  a1  a2  a3  .... a n  n
Sum of n Terms of a Geometric Series

The sum of first n terms of a G.P. with first term a and common ratio r is given by S n 

a 1 r n  , r  1
1 r
Sum of an infinite Geometric Series
a
The sum of an infinite G.P. with first term a and common ratio r is given by S  where r  1
1 r
Note:
(i) An infinite geometric series is convergent if lim S n exists. i.e. r  1
n 

(ii) An infinite geometric series is divergent if r 1

(iii) An infinite geometric series is oscillatory if r  1
MCQs

1. In a G.P. if 8th term is 192 and common ratio is 2, then 12th term is:
(A) 3072 (B) 3702 (C) 3207 (D) 3027
a12  a8 .r 4  192  2   3072
4

2. The third term of a G.P is 4, and then the product of its first 5 terms is:
(A) 43 (B) 45 (C) 44 (D) None of these
a3  a.r 2  4 , a.ar.ar 2 .ar 3 .ar 4  a 5r 10  ar 2   45
5

3. The third term of a G.P. is square of the first term. If the second term is 8, then the 6th term is:
(A) 120 (B) 124 (C) 128 (D) 132
a3   a1   ar 2  a 2  r 2  a , a2  8  ar  8  r 2 .r  8  r 3  23  r  2 , a  4
2

a6  a.r 5  4  2   4 32   128

5

4. If 5th and 8th terms of a G.P. are 32and 256 respectively, then the 4th term of the G.P. is:
(A) 8 (B) 12 (C) 16 (D) 20
a8 256 ar 7
a 32
   8  r 3  23  r  2 , a 4  5   16
a5 32 ar 4
r 2

5. If 5th , 8th and11th terms of a G.P. are p, q and s respectively, then:

(A) p 2  qs (B) s 2  pq (C) q 2  ps (D) p 2  q 3
q s
p, q , s in G.P.    q 2  ps
p q
6. If, in a G.P., the  p  q  th term is m and the  p  q  th term is l then pth term is:
(A)  lm  (B)  lm  (C)  lm 
1/ 3 1/ 4 1/ 2
(D) lm
a p  q , a p , a p  q in G.P.  l , a p , m in G.P.   a p   lm  a p   lm 
2 1/ 2

7. If, in a G.P., the  p  q  th term is 12 and the  p  q  th term is 3 then pth term is
(A) 36 (B) 6 (C) 15 (D) 9
a p  12  3   36 
1/ 2 1/ 2
6

8. If x, y , z are in A.P then for any a  1 , a x , a y , a z are in:

(A) A.P (B) G.P (C) H.P (D) None of these
a x , a y , a z are in G.P.
9. If a, b, c are in G.P., then log a, log b, log c are in:
(A) A.P. (B) H.P. (C) G.P. (D) ‘A’ or ‘B’
log a, log b, log c are in A.P.
8 64
10. If in a G.P. a4  and a7  then an 
27 729
n n 1 n n
n 2 n 2 2 2
(A)  1   (B)  1    1 (D)  
n1
(C)  
3 3 3 3  
n 1
n 2
an   1   is verified by putting n=4,7
 3
11. If three numbers in A.P. are increased by 1, 4, and 15 respectively the resulting numbers are in G.P.
Find the original numbers if their sum is 6.
(A) 2, 4,5 (B) 1, 2,3 (C) 7, 1,0 (D) 3, 4, 1
Option B satisfies the given conditions

12. The geometric mean of the roots of the equation x 2  18 x  9  0 is:

(A) 3 (B) 9 (C) 3 2 (D) 9 2
c
   9 , G.M .      9  3  3 or  3
a

13. The A.M. of two numbers is 34 and their G.M. is 16 . The numbers are:
(A) 60,8 (B) 56,12 (C) 64,4 (D) 52,16
Option C satisfies the both conditions

14. The product of n geometric means introduced between a and b is  ab  , then n = ?

16

(A) 32 (B) 25 (C) 4 (D) None of these

n
 G1 .G2 .G3 ......Gn   ab   G1 .G2 .G3 ......Gn  ab  ab   ab 
1/ n 1/ 2 n/ 2 16 n/ 2
  16  n  32
2

15. Geometric mean of 7, 7 2 , 7 3 , 7 4 ,....., 7 n is:

n1 n n1 n  n1

(A) 7 2
(B) 7 2
(C) 7 2
(D) 7 2

1/ n
 n  n21  n 1
G.M.   7.7 .7 .7 ......7
2 3 4

n 1/ n
 7 
1 2 3 ..... n 1/ n
 7  7 2

 
A1  A 2
16. If A1 , A 2 are the two A.Ms and G1 , G 2 be the G.Ms between two numbers a and b, then 
G1 .G 2
ab ab 2ab ab
(A) (B) (C) (D)
ab 2ab ab ab
ab
2  ab
A1  A 2 2
  2/ 2  
G1 .G 2  ab  ab

17. In a  ar  ar 2  ar 3     to n terms if r  1 and n is odd then S n  ?

(A) r (B) 0 (C) a (D) None of these
Sum of odd terms = a , Sum of even terms = 0

18. a 5  a 5 r 5  a 5 r 10           ?
a a2 a3 a5
(A) (B) (C) (D)
1 r 1 r2 1 r3 1 r5
a a5
S  
1 r 1 r5
 4 3
19. The sum of an infinite Geometric Series is and 1st term is the common ratio is:
3 4
7 9 1 7
(A) (B) (C) (D)
16 16 9 9
a 4 3/ 4 9 9 7 7
S     4  4r   4   4r   4r  r 
1 r 3 1 r 4 4 4 16
1 1

20. The product of (32) .(32) .(32) 1 6 36

...  is equal to:
(A) 32 (B) 64 (C) 16 (D) 0
1
1 1 1 1 1 1 6
1  ....... 1 .
(32)1 .(32) 6 .(32) 36 ...   (32) 6 36
 (32) 6
 (32) 5 / 6  (25 ) 5  26  64

21. If x > 0, and log 2 x  log 2  x   log  x   ...  4 , then x equals:

2
4

(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5

1 1

    x  ...  4  log 2 x.x 1 / 2.x 1 / 4......   4  x

1   .....
log 2 x  log 2 x  log 2 4 2 4
 24
1
1 1
1
x 2
 16  x 1 / 2  16  x 2  16  x  4

2 4 8
   ..... is finite, then:
22. If the sum of the series 1 
x x 2 x3
1 1
(A) x  2 (B) x  2 (C) x  (D) x 
2 2
2 1 1
r 1  1    x 2
x x 2

23. Which of the following geometric series is convergent?

1
(A) 2  4  8  ... (B) 2  1   ... (C) 5  25  125  ... (D) None of these
2
In option B series is convergent as r  1
24. 0.573  0.5737373.....  :
284 375 567 568
(A) (B) (C) (D)
495 497 990 999
573  5 568 568 284
0.573  3    OR
10  10 1000  10 990 495
1

573  5 568 284

0.573    use as many 9 in denominator as the digits repeated and 0 for non repeating digits
990 990 495
Similarly
37 37  0 2375  23 2375  23
0.37  or 0.37  2 , 0.2375  or 0.2375  4
99 10 10 0
9900 10 10 2