Lecture # 20 (Ex:4.8 - 4.

10 + Ch#5)
Partial Fractions
When a single rational fraction is expressed as a sum of two or more single rational fractions, such
fractions are called Partial Fractions.
Partial Fractions Resolution
Expressing a rational fraction as a sum of partial fractions is called partial fraction resolution.
Equation
An open sentence formed by using the ‘=’ is called an equation.
Conditional Equation
An equation in which two algebraic expressions are equal for particular values of the variable. e.g.
3
(i) 2 x  3 is a conditional equation which is true only if x  .
2
(ii) x 2  x  6  0 is a conditional equation which is true only if x  2 and x  3 .
Identity
An equation which holds good for all values of the variable. e.g.
(i)  a  b  x  ax  bx is an identity which is true for all values of x.

(ii)  x  3 x  4   x 2  7 x  12 is also an identity which is true for all values of x.

Rational Fraction
P  x
The quotient of two polynomials , where Q  x   0 is called a Rational Fraction.
Q  x

Proper Rational Fraction

P  x
A rational fraction is called proper rational fraction if degree of P  x  is less than degree of Q  x  .
Q  x
3 9x2
For example and 3 .
x 1 x 1
Improper Rational Fraction
P  x
A rational fraction is called improper rational fraction if degree of P  x  is
Q  x

greater than or equal to degree of Q  x  .

x  x  2  x  1 x3  x 2  x  1
For example , and .
2 x  3  x  1 x  4  x2  5
MCQs

1. The solution of equations 125 x  25 5 y  and 7 x  49 y  1 is:

2 4 4 2  2 4   2 4 
(A)  ,  (B)  ,  (C)  ,  (D)  , 
5 5 5 5 5 5   5 5
4 2
125 x  25 5 y   5 3x  5 2 y  3 x  2  y satisfied by  , 
5 5

2. Solve for x and y, the simultaneous equations 6 log 9 x  3 log 27 y  8 and log 3 x  2 log 9 y  2 :
1 1 1
(A) x  27 , y  (B) x  9, y  (C) x  3, y  (D) x  3, y  3
3 3 3
log 3 x  2 log 9 y  2  log 3 x  log 9 y 2  2  log 3 x  log 3 y  2  log 3 x y  2  xy  3 2  9
6 log 9 x  3 log 27 y  8  log 9 x 6  log 27 y 3  8  log 3 x 3  log 3 y  8  log 3 x 3 y  8  x 3 y  3 8
1
x  27 , y  satisfies both equations.
3
3. In how many points do the graphs of equations x 2  y 2  25 and y 2  4 x intersect:
(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
x  4 x  25  x  4 x  25  0  b  4ac  16  100  116  0 intersect at two points.
2 2 2

4. The line y  3x  3 and the curve y  3x 1 x  2 meet at:

(A) one point (B) two points (C) three points (D) do not meet
3x  3  3x 1 x  2  3x  3  3x  7x  2  3x  4x  5  0
2 2

b 2  4ac  16  60  44  0 as roots are imaginary so do not meet

5. For what value of p and q the point  2,3 is the point of intersection on the graph of the curves
xy  p and y  9  qx :
(A) 6,  1 (B) 6,  1 (C) 6,  3 (D) 6,3
 2,3 satisfies both equations: xy  p  2(3)  p  p  6 and y  9  qx  3  9  2q  q  3

6. For what value of k the straight line y  2 x  k meet the curve x2  2 xy  2 y 2  5 exactly once:
(A)  8 (B)  7 (C)  65 (D)  75
x2  2 x  2 x  k   2  2 x  k   5  13x2  10kx  2k 2  5  0
2

b2  4ac  0  10k   4 13  2k 2  5  0  k 2  65  0  k   65

2

7. Three less than a certain +ve number multiplied by 9 less than twice the number is 104. Find the number:
(A) 11 (B) 9 (C) 7 (D) 5
 x  3 2 x  9   104  satisfied by x  11

8. A number consist of two digits whose product is 18. If the digits are interchanged,
the new number becomes 27 less than the original number. The number is:
(A) 72 (B) 63 (C) 36 (D) 45
6  3  18 , 63  36  27  number is 63
9. A number exceeds its square root by 56, then the number is:
(A) 64 (B) 8 (C) 16 (D) 72
64  64  64  8  56  number is 64

10. The length of a room is 3m greater than its breadth. If the area of the room is 180m2 ,
then length and breadth of the room is:
(A) 12m,15m (B) 15m,12m (C) 9m,12m (D) 12m,9m
Length = 15m Breadth = 12m As L – B = 15 – 12 = 3 and Area = 12(15) = 180

 x  a  x  a   x 2  a 2 
11. Rational fraction is proper if:
x 3 n  a
(A) n  1 (B) n  3 (C) n  3 (D) n  1
For proper fraction 3  n  4  3  4  n  n  1

x n  4  a n 5
12. Fraction is improper if:
x3  a 4
(A) n  9 (B) n  8 (C) n  7 (D) n  6
For improper fraction n  4  3  n  3  4  n  7

x3  x 2  x  1  4x  6
13. 2
 Q  x  2 where:
x 5 x 5
(A) Q  x    x  1 (B) Q  x    x  1 (C) Q  x   x  1 (D) Q  x   x  1
2 2

By long division Q  x   x  1
4 3
14. Conditional  is true only for x =
x3 x4
(A) 1 (B) 1 (C) 0 (D) 7
True for x  7

15. If 2 x  1  Ax  B  Bx is an identity in x, then:

(A) A  1, B  2 (B) A  1, B  1 (C) A  2, B  2 (D) A  2, B  1
2 x  1  Ax  B  Bx  2 x  1   A  B  x  B  B  1, A  B  2  A  1

16. If  Ax  B   8x 3  12x 2  6x  1 , then:

3

(A) A  B  2 (B) A  B  3 (C) A  B  27 (D) A  B  4

 Ax  B   8x  12x  6x  1   Ax  B   2x  1   Ax  B  2x  1  A  2, B  1
3 3 2 3 3

A  B  2 1  A  B  3

x 2  10 x  13 A 3 4
17. If    , then:
 x  1  x 2
 5x  6  x 1 x  2 x  3
(A) A  2 (B) A  2 (C) A  1 (D) A  1
As it is identity so it must satisfies for each value of x . Put x = 0, we have
0  0  13 A 3 4 3 4 13 9  8  13 12
    A      2
 0  1 0  0  6 0  1 0  2 0  3 2 3 6 6 6