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Hkkjr esa xsgqa ]tkS dh [ksrh ds lkFk Hkk’kk o laLd`fr dk vkxeu o QSyko
Ysk[kd&d`’.k pUnz nfg;k 08901035084
Krishna.chander2010@gmail.com

Hkkstu lxzakgd ekuo o Hkkjr es mudh cksyh ds “kCn&&

xsgw o tkS fd [ksrh “kq: gksus ls igys esMsVsfj;u {ks= o bjku ds tkxzksl igkM rd ?kqeUrq ekuo fxjh;ka
o vUu dk laxzkgd cuk FkkA gkseks lSfi;u ekuo dks mlds gkFk ds vaxqBs dk ?kqeko ] idM o vaxqyh
rFkk vaxqBs dh idM ckfd ,Iil ls vyx djrh gSA vkneh vaxqBs vkSj igyh maxqyh ls yxkrkj nk.ks
pqx ldrk gS tcfd fpEiktha dks ;s dke djus d fy;s eqVBh Hkjuh iMsxhA eqVBh <sj esa ls Hkjh tkrh
gS tcfd taxyh vUu fc[kjk gqvk gksrk gSA blfy;s ekuo mls mBk ldrk Fkk ysfdu nwljs ,Iil ,slk
ugh dj ldrsA blfy;s ekuo vUu laxzkgd Hkh cu x;kA Nostratic Dictionary esa ,d “kCn ua0
2252 gS Saeul ;kfu <a<w ukA gfj;k.kk es xsgw dh dVkbZ gksus ds ckn fc[kjh gqbZ xsgaw dh ckfy;ksa dks
mBkus ds fy;s “kCn gS flYykA tkVks o peZdkjksa esa ;s vke “kCn gSA bldk eryc gS fd ;s nksuksa
tkfr;k vUu laxzgd dky ls Hkh rkYyqd j[krh gSaA mrjh if”peh Hkkjr o ikfdLrku dk peZdkj dk
cMk Hkkx tkV gh gSA vUu laxzkgd dky dh cksyh ds eq>s FkskMs ls “kCn feys&&’’’Herwitz 1966 ,
Ehrat1995,1999 us crk;k fd fgczw Hkk’kk es nks dkalVsVa ksa ds “kCnksa dk rkYyqd igyh cksyh ls gS
tks ?kqeUrq dky es FkhA&&
Ikgyh cksyh vFkZ tkV cksyh igyh cksyh vFkZ tkVdh cksyh
ekbZ ikuh ehag cn nqxZU/k cncks
cu cukuk c.kk@c.kkuk nj xksy ?kj Msjk
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flr iguus dk lwrh *******

;s lHkh “kCn gfj;k.kk dh tkV cksyh esa gSaA ge ehag dgrs gS ckfjl dks vkSj vkt lwrh dgrs gSa dikl
ds ikS/ks ds js”ks ls cus diMs dksA vkneh o vkSjr ds xqIr vaxks ij yslnkj inkFkZ ds dkj.k dhMs eD[kh
vkfn cSBus dk Hk; jgrk Fkk blfy;s mudks fdlh irs ;k ikS/ks dh Nky ds js”kksa ls bu vaxks dks <duk
cgqr t:jh FkkA flr “kCn blh js”ks ls cus tqxkM dk uke gks ldrk gSA

Bar Yosef 1998 us crk;k fd [ksrh dh “kq:vkr nf{k.kh vUukVksfy;k ds ;kasxj nfj;k ls gqbZA Bar
Yosef & Cohan 1989 crkrs gSa fd ;ksaxj nfj;k ls tksMZu rd [ksrh djus okys lewg cusA vc
loky ;s mBrk gS fd 6000 ch lh ds vklikl tks lewg fcyksfpLrku es xsgw o tkSa dh [ksrh dh
VSDuksykth ys x;k Fkk vkSj ckn esa vk;s ] os vkt dkSu gaS\
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Msjk xkth [kka dks tks fcYdqy DosVk o esgjx< ds lkFk gS tgka igys fdlku vk;s FksA blfy;s eSaus
Msjk xkth [kka dks Ik<kA ^^^^^1891 ds lSall vuqlkj Msjk xkth [kka es fcyskp 132192 ] tkV 116740 ]
lS;n ] iBku ]jktiwr ] “ks[k vjSu ] eqxy ]ekph vU; ,sxzkfjfj;u lewg 55804 ] rj[kku ] lQkbZ djus
okys o vU; NksVh tkfr;ka 22168 tqykgs ] lqukj iwtkjh ] fgUnw nwdkunkj vkfn 76007 FksA fcyksp
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fdlku ugha gksrs cfYd Ik”kwikyd gksrs gSa******** bu lHkh tkfr;ksa es dsoy vjSu fdlku gksrs gSA budks
gfj;k.kk esa ekyh ;k lSuh dgk tkrk gSA njvly ;s fdlku dh ctk; ckxoku gksrs gSaA buesa dqN
lewg Qly dh dVkbZ dj vUu laxzg t:j djrs gS ysfdu os fdlku ugha gSA tkV ds lkeus lHkh
tkfr;ka fcYdqy NksVh gSA ekph gksrs gSa eNyh idMus okys ysfdu eksph ,d VSDuhdy lewg gS tks twrs
cukrs FksA ge eqyrku dk Hkh v/;;u djsx a s D;ksafd ;s Hkh DosVk o esgjx< ds ikl gSA&&lSall 1901
vuqlkj&&
^^^^^tkfr vkcknh tkfr vkcknh tkfr vkcknh tkfr vkcknh
vjSu 23410 vjksMk 88987 fcyksp 24488 czkge.k o eqYyk 5579
Lfoij 11182 /kksch 14682 tkV 140315 tqykgk 27132
[k=h 10877 [kks[kj 11606 dqEgkj 18827 yqgkj 3774
Ekkph 12429 eYykg 7745 eksph 24144 ukbZ 8438
iBku 8251 jktiwr 91516 lS;n 10567 “ks[k 6826
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lqukj 2821 rj[kku 17356******

vkbus vdcjh vuqlkj buesa lS;n dks NksMdj fdlh ds ikl [ksrh dh Hkweh ugh FkhA ysfdu lS;n
fdlku dh ctk; i<kdw o /keZ mikld tkfr gksrh gSA ikfdLrku dh mijksDr fdrkc vuqlkj jktiwrksa
ds ikl eqyrku esa [ksrh dh tehu gh ugha FkhA tcfd eqyrku lSVyeSaV fjiksZV 1873&1880 vuqlkj
eqyrku ftys dh dqy d`f’k Hkweh 1857200 ,dM Fkh vkSj mlesa ls tkVksa ds ikl 1030622 ,dM Hkweh
FkhA ckfd ljdkj us ys yh o fczfV”k dkuquksa dk Qk;nk mBkrs gq;s lwn[kksj us gMi yhA ppukek
bfy;V 1&190 vuqlkj Lokanh es (nf{k.kh iatkc ] flU/k o fcyksphLrku) fdlku dsoy tkV gSaA iatkc
esa 1881 ls 1931 rd ds lSall fjiksZV vuqlkj lkjs iatkc esa tkV vdsys 26&27 izfr”kr gSa vkSj ckfd
73 izfr”k eas lSadMksa tkfr;k FkhA gkykafd bues jksM ] ;kno ] vjSu ] jktiwr ] lSuh ]vkfn dbZ tkfr;ka
fdlku FkhA ysfdu mudh la[;k cgqr ekeqyh FkhA jktLFkku ds /kX/kj& gkdjk&ukjk flLVe ij ;k ;wa
dgs fcdkusj fj;klr esa duZy VkM vuqlkj 539250 yksxksa esa ls 3@4 Hkkx tkVksa dk FkkA My
Observation on Sind by Captain Postan vuqlkj flU/k dk fdlku tkV FkkA MsfoM jkst
viuh fdrkc ySaM vkQ Qkbo fjoZl ,.M flU/k esa crkrs gS fd egkHkkjr es tkfVd@tf=dk dk o.kZu
gSA
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Constantini 1983 , Jarriage &Meadow 1982 , Wright 2010 vkfn oSKkfud

bfrgkldkjksa vuqlkj esgjx< esa xsgw cksus okyk fdlku 7000 ch lh ls 5500 ch lh ds chp dgha
vk;kA ;s vkSlru dky fo}kuksa us 6000 ch lh dk crk;k gSA nf{k.kh vUukVksfy;k esa xsgwa tkSa dh [ksrh
“kq: gqbZ 8000 ch lh ds vkl ikl vkSj ;s VSDuksyksth ,syke@ekStqnk bZjku esa 1000 lky ckn igaqp xbZ
vkSj blds 1000 lky ckn fcyksphLrku igqap xbZA vejeSu o dkokyh lQjkstk us bls oSo vkQ
,Mokal dgk ftldh pky 1-3 fd0 eh0 gj lky FkhA fcyksphLrku esa bu fdlkuksa ds vkus es ;s pky
de gks ldrh D;ksfa d jkLrs es nLrs ywM o nLrsa dchj uke ds nks fo”kky jsfxLrku gSaA blfy;s Hkkjr esa
;s fdlku ok;k iwohZ bjku o vQxkfuLrku T;knk vk;s gS vkSj ok;k lhLrku de vk;s gSaA ;s fdlku
dkSu Fkk\ bl ckjs esa ***Dorrian Fuller crkrs gSa fd 6000 ch lh esa ,sykeks&nzfoMh;u yksxksa }kjk
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Hkkjr es xsgaw igqpka A*** ;s ,sykeks nzfoMh;u “kCn fdu yksxksa ds fy;s gS ] mudh laLd`fr D;k Fkh] eSa
bl ij Hkh crkmaxkAa

‘’’’Jarriage , Lech Vallier 1993 , Gupta 1979 vuqlkj flU/kw lH;rk dk [kkl rkYyqd iwohZ
5
bjku ls FkkA*****

B.K.Thapar & Shariff.M vuqlkj ^^^*esgjx< dk ik’kk.kdkyhu [ksrh m|ksx iwohZ bjku dh tSVw
6
dYpj ls feyrk gS***

Tkc ;s izek.k gSa rks flU/kw lH;rk o mlls igys ds HkkaM o vU; laLd`fr Hkh ,syke ls feyuh pkfg;sA
eSaus ns[kk gS dEiq;Vj ij fd esgjx< dh ,d dcz esa NksVs cMs dbZ lkbZt ds HkkaM FksAa ysfdu oSfnd
dkyhu laLd`r esa HkkaMks ds fy;s dsoy ,d uke gS&dqEHkA mrj if”peh Hkkjfr; miegk}hi dh lcls
cMh cksyh tkVdh esa bu HkkaMks ds dbZ uke gSa tSls dqYgM ] cjksyh ]eagxh ]gkaMh ]ekV ]iagM
a k ] d<ko.kh
] fcykso.kh ] eki vkSj xksyA bu lcds lkbZt vyx vyx gSaA Hkkjr ls ysdj ikfdLrku dh tkV cSYVksa
esa vDlj yky ihys jax ds HkkaMks ij dkyh lQsn T;keSVjhdy ykbZfuax ;k fMtk;fuax gksrh gS rks
,syke es Hkh ,slk gh FkkA Dyson 1991 ,Voigt & Dyson 1992 , Motteney 1995 vuqlkj
dkcZu Msfa Vx ls irk yxrk gS fd bjku esa ckn ds crZu lQsn gS ysfdu igys bjku ds iwoZ esa xqMxkoka
ls ysdj if”peh bjku ds dktfou rd ykyjax ds HkkaMs lkjs bjku esa Fks tks iwjh rjg vyx gSaA bu
HkkaMks ij dkyh lQsn ydhjsa gSaA
vUukVskfy;k ds igys fdlkuksa esa ,d ,slh laLd`fr Fkh tks vkt dh rkjh[k esa lkjs ml {ks= esa gS tgka
fLkU/kw lH;rk FkhA ysfdu dsoy ogha Hkkjh ek=k esa gS tgka tkVksa dh cgqyrk gSA vkt dh rkjh[k esa
tkVksa esa tUe ] e`R;q o “kknh ij yksx bdBk gksdj [kkuk [kkrs gSaA tkVuh dukxr eukrh gS ftls Jkn
Hkh dgk tkrk gSA mrj if”peh Hkkjr ds gj /keZ esa HkaMkjs dh lksp dks “kkfey fd;k x;k gS tSls fl) ]
ukFk esa HkaMkjk flLVe gS ] fl[k /keZ esa laxr o iaxr dk fl)kUr gS vkSj ikfdLrku ds iatkc ] flU/k o
fcyksphlrku esa lwQhoknh ihjksa dh njxkgksa ij HkaMkjs gksrs gSaA esjs xkao esa ckfjl uk gksus ij ckfjl
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djokus ds fy;s HkaMkjk djus dh fjokt gS ftlesa dksbZ map uhp ugh gksrhA eSa tc NksVk Fkk rc isV ij
csYyk yxk dj Hkkxk Hkkxk tkrk Fkk vkSj “kDdj pkoy [kkrk FkkA gekjs xkao ds yksx dgrs Fks fd vc
rks ckfjl gksuh gh gksuh gSA

lgHkkst dh ;s fjokt vUukVksfy;k es o ysoa kVl es igys fdlkuksa es FkhA ^^^^^Dieter &Haglan
2001 , Helwig 2003, Bragg 2003 vuqlkj vkdsZyksftLVksa dk fiNys 10 lkyksa ls /;kku
lkewfgd Hkkst ij x;k gSA Bar Yousef vuqlkj usfVogxnwn dh lkbV ls ntZuksa crZu feys
&&edku cukrs oDr Hkh lgHkkst fn;k tkrk FkkA Habbermass vuqlkj HkaMkjs dk eryc Fkk
lkekftd lEcu/k cukukA lkewfgd lgHkkst “kknh o lkekftd mrjkf/kdkfjrk cukus ds fy;s Hkh FkkA
Cauvin 2000 , Kenyon 1957 , Kuijt 1996 vuqlkj e`rd laLdkj dk eryc iwoZt iwtk ls
FkkA Garfinkel 2003 vuqlkj e`rd laLdkj dk eryc oa”k dh fujarjrk ls Hkh FkkA izakphu fdlku
vius dks lkekftd fjoktksa ls bdBk djrs FksA pkxoku 1993 vuqlkj gkyu lkeh esa Hkh vkilh lg;sx
c<kus ds fy;s HkaMkjs dh fjokt FkhA Hodder vuqlkj HkaMkjs ] ukp ;k e`R;q ij bdBk gksuk lekt dh
7
igpku Hkh FkhA*****

;s fjoktsa flU/kw unh ij fdlku yk;sA dqN tkfr;ka nsus okys fnu iSnk ugha gksrh ysfdu dqN tkfr;ka
iSnk gh nsus okys fnu gksrh gS mues xsgw ] tkSa ] cktjk cksus okyk tkV gS vkSj mles ;s mijksDr lkjh
laLd`fr vkt dh rkjh[k esa Hkh gSa 8&9 &10 gtkj lky chr tkus ds ckn Hkh A rks D;k mu igys
fdlku ;kfu Agricultural and Agrrian yksxksa ds ,d lewg dk uke tkV gh FkkA dqN yksx
dgrs gS fd tkV rks 400&500 lky iqjkus gSA ,d oxZ dgrk gS fd ppukes es budk ftdz gS blfy;s
;s lkdk gSa D;ksafd duZy VkM us ;gh dgk gSA ;kfu ml fdlku lewg ij ftlds ljIyl xsgwa ij
flU/kw lH;rk mBh vkSj os eksgu tksnMks o gMIik ds “kgjh ml xsgw dks [kkrs Fks mls dkSu cksrk Fkk\ bl
ij dke ugha gqvkA dqN us dgk fd os rehyukMw ds nzfoM FksA eSa iwNrk gwa rehyks dks rks vkt Hkh xsgwa
cksuk [kkuk ugh vkrkA blfy;s os dSls flU/kw lH;rk ds xsgaw mRiknd gq;s\ dqN us dgk dh
fcyksphLrku ds czkgs h Hkh rehy cksyrs gSa vkSj ;s gh flU/kw lH;rk ds fdlku FksA lSaLkl vkQ bafM;k
1901 tks yksxksa dh viuh xokgh gS vkSj ljdkjh nLrkost gS ] ds vuqlkj ^^^^ckzsgh yksx fcyksphlrku ds
mrj iwoZ esa gSaA ;s dkdslh;u VkbZi yksx gS ysfdu nf{k.k Hkkjfr;ksa ls feyrs gSaA muds iMksl esa tkV o
fcyksp gSaA dqN fo}ku budks vk;Zu lewg ekurk gS vkSj dqN mudks e/; izns”k ds dksyh lewg ds
ekurs gS vkSj dqN nzfoM lewg ds ekurs gSaA Mk0 dksYMoSy mudh cksyh esa flU/kh ] iatkch o rehy ds
rRo ekurs gSaA fcyksphLrku esa tkVdh cksyh dkQh cksyh tkrh gS ftls ljk;dh Hkh dgrs gSaA ;s tkV
fdlkuksa dh xoka: cksyh gSa vkSj blesa [ksrh ds T;knk “kCn gSaA bldk uke if”peh iatkch vkSj ygaMk
Hkh gSA [kS=kuh o ikfdLrku ds i[rquok dh bUndks cksyh Hkh blh tkV cksyh dh “kk[kk gSA esaxy ]
fctsta ks vkSj tgjh rhu cMs dfcys gSa fcyksphLrku esaA budks txny Hkh dgrs gSa vkSj tkV Hkh dgrs
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gSaA ;s czksfg;ksa ls T;knk le>nkj gSaA^** *
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[ksrh ,d cgqr VSDuhdy dke gS ftles le>nkjh dh dkQh t:jr gksrh gSA vxj 1901 esa czkgs h
le>nkj ugha Fks rks bl ckr dh dksbZ lEHkkouk ugha fd 6&7 gtkj lky igys os fdlku FksA ysfdu ;s
lR; gS fd tkV vkSj ;s czksgh fcyksphLrku esa Hkh lkFk gSa ] igys Hkh lkFk Fks vkSj bjku esa Hkh lkFk FksA
^^^^_xosn 1&173&2 ij “kCn gS xqrZ vkSj bldk vFkZ gS m|eA vkSj 6&63&4 ij xqrZ euk ftldk vFkZ
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gS m|e djus okys lnk lsA vkSj 6&64&4 ij Lo xqrksZ ;kfu Lo; dk m|ksx okys gksrs gq;sA*****

bu vFkksaZ ls eryc fudyrk gS fd lHkh nLrdkj o fdlku tkfr;ksa dks xqrZ dgk x;kA ;s ifjHkk’kk
Bhd gS vkSj nLrdkj tkfr;ksa ls tkV dk gqDdk ] ikuh o jksVh dk lEcU/k Hkh gSA ysfdu ;gh xqrZ “kCn
,syke es Hkh FkkA ^^^^izksVks bjkuh dk G “kCn izfl;u ] ubZ bjkuh ] dqfnZ”k xksjkuh ] dqfnZ”k tktkuh vkSj
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iwohZ bjku esa dSLih;u leqUnz ds ikl Z gks tkrk gSA^*** ^^^^^izksVks baMks ;qjksih;u dk 4100 ch lh es
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K ,G ,GH “kCn izkVs ks bjkuh es dze”k% C , J , JH cny x;k FkkA **** bldk eryc gS fd xqrZ ;k
xqVZ “kCn tzVZ@tV@tkV gh FkkA

History of Afganistan by Vitaly Bashkikov vuqlkj ,syke ]flU/kw o o iwohZ bjku dh cksyh
izksVks nzfoM;u gSA Herodotus vii-12 vuqlkj ,syke esa fuxzksbM Hkh FksA Ancient Iraq by
G.Roux vuqlkj 2300 ch lh esa vkt ds geknku esa xqfV;u FksA History of Persia by Percy
Skykes vuqlkj ,syke dh Hkk’kk dks gh ,sykekbV dgk tkrk gSA ;s bjku dh lcls izkphu cksyh gSA
Heritage of Persia by R.N.Fyre vuqlkj xqVh ] ,sykekbZV vkSj yy ,d gh lewg FkkA Persia
An Archaeological Guide by Sylvia A Mathison vuqlkj ,syke ls ,d iRFkj dh feyh
IysV ij cht ] irs vkSj Qwy js[kkafdr gSA iRFkj dh bl IysV dk dky 5500 ch lh dk gS ysfdu rkEcs
dh ,slh gh IysV dk dky 2700 ch lh dk gSA
vkt dh rkjh[k es tkV.kh ns mB.ks R;kSgkj ij nh;s ds vkxs xsgaw ds cht j[krh gSa vkSj xs: ls Qwy irs
cukrh gSaA /kj ds lHkh Ik”kwvksa ds [kqj ds o ifjokj ds lnL;ksa ds iSjksa ds fu”kku cukrh gSA

Heritage of Persia by R.N.Fyre vuqlkj lwlk ds yksxksa dks fdlk.k Hkh dgk tkrk FkkAa

^^^^^Edem Lease vuqlkj “ksekgkjk dh feVVh dh IysVks ij Guti/Kuti/Quti “kCn gSA&&Curse

of Agade vuqlkj lqqesfj;u ys[kksa esa xqfV;u dks nq”eu ] geykoj ] lkai ] fcPNw o dkuqu uk ekuus
okyk dgk gSA Cogni, Roma 1969 , Lambert vuqlkj lqesfj;u egkdkO; bZjk o bZle esa xqfV;u
dks fHkMksd dgk gSA&&Diakonoff vuqlkj xqfV;u dk jkt djus dk <ax vyx FkkA muds dfcyksa
dh lHkk viuk ljnkj cukrh FkhA&xqfV;u jktkvksa dks lqesj esa yqxky dgk tkrk FkkA&xqfV;u dk
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jktk ugha gksrk Fkk cfYd os vius dfcyksa ds iz/kku pqurs FksA ***** tkVksa esa vkt dh rkjh[k esa Hkh
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yksx “kCn vkerkSj ij cksyk tkrk gSA ;kfu _xosn ds xqrZ gh ,syke es xqVh Fks vkSj ;s lc lqefs j;u
fjdkMksZ esa o.khZr gSA dqN vkSj bfrgkl dkj fy[krs gSa fd ^^^^^bl izdkj xqVh;u ifjokjksa dk jktk ugha
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gksrk FkkAcfYd mudk ntkZ leku gksrk Fkka eslksiksVkfe;u xqfV;u iz/kkuksa dks Kan dgrs FksA*****
egf’kZ ikf.kuh mudks x.k fy[krs gSaA ^^^^vkpk;Z “kdVk;u dk o.kZu ikf.kuh us rhu ckj fd;k gSA
“kkdVk;u dk o.kZu oktlusf;izkrh”kk[; vkSj _Dizkrh”kkD; esa gksus ds dkj.k os egkHkkjr ls iwoZ dky
ds gks tkrs gSaA “kkdV;u dk o.kZu fu:Dr 1@12 ij gS vkSj egkHkk’; es 3@3@1 ij gSA ;gh egf’kZ
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“kkdV;u 3@4@145 ij ;kS/kkfn dbZ x.kksa dk o.kZu djrs gSaA**** Iranica.com vuqlkj iwohZ bjku
ls eslksiksVkfe;k rd lHkh dfcys xqVh FksA
eSa bldk ;s vFkZ yxkrk gwa fd flu/kw lH;rk dky esa fdlkuksa ds vius x.kjkT; Fks vkSj O;kikfj;ksa dh
viuh fxYM FkhA ckck th dk viuk rU= FkkA ysfdu vc ge okfil mlh fo’k; ij vkrs gSaA
^^^^eslksiksVkfe;k esa xqfV;ksa ds 21 jktk gq;s ijUrq geys ds oDr mudk dksbZ jktk ugha FkkA mUgksaus
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eslksiksVkfe;u ds efUnjksa dks ywVk vkSj mudks rckg dj fn;kAA**** bl izdkj xqfV;u dk fyf[kr
bfrgkl gS vkSj mudh vknrsa Hkh tkVksa ls feyrh gS vkSj iapk;r flLVe Hkh ogh gSA ;s bjku ls lqesj o
flu/kw dh rjQ QSys vkSj ;s QSyko rkez ;qx ls igys gh “kq: gks x;k FkkA dkj.k Fkk vkcknh c<us ds
dkj.k [ksrh dh Hkweh dh ryk”kA ysfdu ftl rjg tV o tkV nksuksa “kCn gSa mlh izdkj ;s rkezdkyhu
lH;rk ,syke esa Hkh FkkA
flU/kw lH;rk {ks= esa tkV “kCn dgka ls vk;k &&&Hkkjr dh fdlh cksyh es tV o tkV “kCn ds ewy
ugha gSaA ysfdu blds ewy tkVdh cksyh esa gSaA

Edward & Gadd vuqlkj ^^^^^tc eslksiksVkfe;k ds v[[kM jktk ujkeflu us ,sykeh@bjkuh jktk
gsrk dks gjk;k rc fyf[kr :Ik ls ,d lfU/k gqbZA blesa ,d nwljs ij geyk uk djus o enn ds fy;s
ftu nsfo;ksa dh dle mBkbZ xbZ muesa pkSFks o vBkjosa LFkku ij ftV vkSj eka tkV nsoh dh dle Hkh
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mBkbZ xbZ FkhA***** *oksYQsu dkyst ds izksQl
s j nkfu”kean tkudkjh nsrs gSa fd ^^^*[kqftLrku ds
nsgvUuk xkao esa ,sd bZaV feyh ftl ij ys[k FkkA fe0 LVho us mls i<kA bl bZaV ij fy[ks ys[k esa eka
17
tkV ls yEch mez vkSj izlUurkiwoZd jkt djus dh eUur ekaxh xbZA**** bjku esa ,syke dh jkt/kkuh
lqlk dks vkt lqLrj dgrs gSa vkSj ogka dh lqLrj ;qfuolhZVh ds vkdsZyksthdy foHkkx dh fjlZp
vuqlkj ‘’’’Malidzadeh 2007 , Ravandi 1994 , Aminzadeh 2012 vuqlkj 2280 ch lh esa
nsoh fleqr dk ntkZ bU”kq”khukd ds ckn 7 oka vkSj eka tkV dk 8 oka ntkZ FkkA &&izksQslj rkxh
Qtyh vuqlkj ,syke esa 3500 ch lh rd tsUVh lekt Fkk ;kfu ekr`lrkRed lekt Fkk vkSj 3000 ch
lh esa tsUVh lekt ls ckgj vk;kA /keZ ds ekeys esa ukx nsork dh vkLFkk FkhA lu 4000 ch lh ds
18
HkkaMks ij ukx nsork ds fp= feys gSa ***** ‘’’’Lambert Hkh ,syke esa eka tkV dk o.kZu djrk
7
19
gSa***** ,syke ds lwcksa ds uke Fks ^^^^va”ku ]lkekLdh ] tkc “kkyh ]ejglh ]lkiwu ]gklhZ ]flxjh; ]
20
dhekl vkSj fTkVkuw**** bldk vFkZ gS fd ekStqnk Hkkjfr; tkV ds uke dh “kq:vkr ,syke es eka tkV
] tVh nsoh ls “kq: gqbZ vkSj mudh ,sd iwjh LVsV Hkh FkhA ;s izek.k fyf[kr bfrgkfld gSA ;kfu tkV
ekr`lrkRed lekt ls gh “kq: gks x;k FkkA iwohZ bjku esa vkt tks vycqtZ igkM gS mldk uke Hkh
tkV ij Fkk&^^^^bjkuh ekurs Fks fd gkjk fcjh tkVh igkM /kjrh ds chp fLFkr gSA bl igkM ds ikl
cksjk dq”k leqUnj Fkk vkSj bl leqUnz ds chp thou o`{k FkkA bjkuh ekurs Fks fd tkVh igkM ls vjnoh
21
lwjk ikuh ykrh Fkh vkSj bl leqUnz esa Mkyrh FkhA**** vkt bl unh dk uke vkSDll gS ] laLd`r
lkfgR; esa oDlq gS vkSj bl igkM dk uke vycqtZ gS vkSj leqUnz dk uke dSLih;u lkxj gSA bjku esa
baMks;qjksih;u ds vkus ds ckn tkV dks iq:’krkRed lekt ds :Ik esa “kkfey fd;k x;kA tsUn , osLrk
ds gokys ls izek.k gS ^^^^iwtkjh tksV mikluk esa jksVh [kkrkA nks iwtkjh mikluk djrsA nwljk iwtkjh
jkLih Fkk tks vkx tykrk Fkk vkSj igyk iwtkjh tksV ml vkx dks ns[krk jgrkA mlds ikl ikuh dk
22
crZu j[kk gksrk Fkk**** ^^^^bjku esa vk/;kfRedrk dks eUuksx o HkkSfrdokn dk tVhx dgk tkrk
23
FkkA^**** ;s lPpkbZ gS fd tkV.kh dsoy vkLFkk fuHkkrh gS vkSj tkV dHkh /keZ ij ckr ugha djrsA
ftldh ethZ esa vk;k mldk uke lqyrku ] lqyrku flag ;k lqYrku nhu j[k fn;kA vkSj tkV dks
dksbZ ijs”kkuh ugha FkhA

eSaus ik;k fd tkV uke vUu mRiknu dky dk ugha cfYd vUu laxzg dky dk gSA ^^^^^Popko
1994:98-218 vuqlkj nkgk uke dk igkM vUUkVksfy;k esa Fkk vkSj ftV gkjk o gkrqlk ds ikl FkkA
24
ftFkkfj;k {ks= esa ftV gkjk ikuh ds rwQku dh nsoh Fkh**** ;kfu tkV dk eryc gS ukx vkSj ftV
ukx nsoh FkhA tc xsgwa dh Qly id tkrh gS rc ,slk ekSle gksrk gS fd ukx tkMs ds ckn Hkweh dh
lrg ij dkQh ?kqerh gSaA blfy;s ;s vUu dh nsoh eku yh xbZA cjlkr csgn t:jh Fkh vUulaxzgd ds
fy;s D;ksafd blls /kqeUrq vUulaxzkgd dk Qy ]fxjh feyrs vkSj txyh vUu iSnk gksrkA D;ksafd ges”kk
ckfjl ls igys ukx Hkweh ij jsxus yxrh gSa vlfy;s ukx dks ikuh ykus okyh nsoh ds :Ik esa ekU;rk
feyhA blh ukx nsoh dks ftV ;k tkV dgk x;kA tkVksa dk nwljk uke ukx Hkh gSA ;kfu ukx thou
lqj{kk o vUu o ikuh dh nsoh FkhA ;s iztuu dh nsoh Hkh gS ysfdu oks iquZtue dh nsoh Hkh gS D;ksafd
oks dsp
a qyh mrkj dj u;s thou dks izkIr djus dh egkjr j[krh gSA tkV ukx dks gh dgk x;k bldk
izek.k eq>s feJ ls feykA ^^^^feJ esa oM tkV nsoh Fkh tks dkscjk ukx ds :Ik esa fn[kkbZ xbZ vkSj oks
25
feJ dh lqj{kk o ,sdrk ] lEiUurk dh nsoh FkhA ^**** tkV lewg dk uke dkscjk ukx ij gS vkSj ;s
lewg vUu laxzkgd dky esa cu x;k FkkA izek.k u0 24 ij ftl ftV gkjk dk uke vk;k gS blh uke
dk o.kZu izfl) Hkkjfr; x.khr “kkL=h ojkgfegj viuh fdrkc czgr lafgrk esa Hkh djrs gSa ^^^^^6 Bh lnh
8
ds Hkkjfr; [kxksy oSKkfud ojkg fefgj 3 izkphu dfcyksa dk o.kZu djrs gSa tkV gkjk tkV lwjk vkSj
26 27
tkV /kkMh^***** ^^^^^F.S. Growse vuqlkj tkV gkjk gh ckn esa tkV dgs x;sA*****

;kfu dqy eryc ;s gS fd tkV lewg vUu laxzkgd dky esa cuuk “kq: gqvk vkSj rkez ;qx ds
jktrU=okn ds dky esa ;s lewg dsoy iq:’k gh iq:’klrkRed cuk vkSj mldh ukjh vkt Hkh
ekr`lrkRed gSA

tkV “kCn ds ewy&&&Nostratic Dictionary esa Word N0 659a Geor=Grain , Word No

90 ?at=women, 2656 Zoa=To grow/to bear, tkV cksyh es Geor=gfj;k.kk es gkyh
fdlku dk [ksr es ys tk;k [kkuk vkSj cSyks a ds pkjs ds fy;s bdBk “kCn gS ^^tokjk**A ?at=vkSjr ]
Zoa=cht dk tke.kk vkSj cPpk tke.kkA ;s gh vFkZ uksLVjsfvd “kCndks”k esa fn;k x;k gSA

Geor+?at=Geort=xqVZ@xqrZ ] tksVZ ;kfu os vkSjr tks vUu ds nk.ks pqxrh FkhA

Zoa+?at= tksV@tkV os vkSjr tks [ksrh djrh Fkh vkSj LFkkbZ :Ik ls cl dj oa”k pykrh FkhA

bjkuh ] bjkdh o VdhZ”k dqnZ vius dks xqVh dk oa”kt crkrs gSA oSls Hkh Aggulative Language
G=J, K=G=Q , S=Z, T=D gksrk gSA ^^^^dqnZ dh dqjeku th Hkk’kk dh fMD”kujh esa tkV dk eryc gS
28
gy vkSj tksV dk eryc gksrk gS gkyh ;kfu fdlkuA*****

2008 es dSEczht ;qfuolhZVh ds vkdsZyksthdy foHkkx us ukslVjsfVd fMD”kujh izdkf”kr dhA njvly
,d rjg ls ;s “kCndks”a k mu “kCnksa dks nsrk gS tks fu;ksfyfFkd dky es Fks ;k mlls igys Fks o
rkezdky ds “kq: es FksA QjVkby dzhlsVa ls dbZ cksyh QSyhA ysfdu vgjku MksxyksiksyksLdh dgha Hkh
tkVdh cksyh dk o.kZu ugh djrk ysfdu eSaus tc bls i<k rks eSa gSjku gks x;k D;ksafd gfj;k.kk es
cksyh tkus okyh tkVdh ds “kCn bl “kCndks”k esa Hkkjh rknkn esa gSaA ;s bl ckr dk izek.k gS fd tkVksa
dk QSyko tkxzksl o Vksjl igkM ls gksuk “kq: gqvk vkSj ;s iwohZ bjku o vQxkfuLrku ds jkLrs o
if”peh bjku ls leqanz ds lkFk lkFk flU/wk ij vk;sA vkxs uksLVjsfVd ds “kCn o muds vFkZ fn;s x;s gSa
ysfdu eSaus mudh rqyuk tkV cksyh ls dh gSA&&

Nostratic Meaning Jatki Nostratic Meaning Jatki

Shahaka to get lkgk@”kknh H/wer male person cj

Bur old man cw<k o cMk Ti women rkbZ

Aba father ckcw ] vCcw Nom gentle uje LoHkko dk

Nehra steam ugj Aga elder person vxkMh@vxk.kh

9

Naht help , to seek ukrs fj”rsnkj Tomhu wall Nr jksdus dk FkkEc

Ger house ?kj Ibar fig tree cM

Cp roof NIij@?kj Nki.kk 3u3u teats pwph

?ay female marker tkV.kh vk;s dg dj cksyrh gSa Emum mother ,s eka

Gam together xke Mael beautiful lady eky

Bah to bind C;kg Mahl young man ekYyg

Ben younger sister cgk.k Sage to get lxkbZ

?ar family member tkV vkjS dgrs gSa

Nostratic Jatki Nostratic Jatki Nostratic Jatki

Koid/Kirwa dhMk@dhMh Gaved/cow xkoMh Luwar yckM@eksVk vkneh

Kayw/to eat [kk; kahlulu/skin [kky gut/where fdr@dB@fdRFkksa

Kabban dkai.kk kte/altogether dVBs kinrey fda?gs@dgka

Kstro drjuk Kaddu/earthen ware dMkg] d<ko.kh

Kutal/house dksBk ]dqVh kito/murder dkV.kk Kutkut/veil ?kqa?kV

Gabate/to go inwater ?kkV skudd /to end dwMk

Obba vkScjk@dejk Dugu /foot step Max udder vkSMh@ nw/k dh FkSyh

Uro/come mjk illo/ilu/house gsYyh hael/plough gy

Aksyn lkUuh@dVk pkjk Capp, Capela, dksia y Curi/round pwMh

Dhal, Tul /kwy@jsr dk Fky Zappo/to catch >Iih Hkjuk Dibba/mound fVck

Zunka/bend >qduk Zone , Zwine/young toku Sungo/listen lquks

10

Zinzine/ sound >qu>quk zehnd/sleep uhan zelan/burn tykuk

Zadiqai/careless ft)h] dkbZ;ka sanka/branch “kka[k zimo/feasting fte.kk

Surtd,swordo,sorde /dirty lwjMk sirlga/cool lhYgk]lhyd

Surdh/to pull lwra.kk cuyrd/sour [kkVVk sras/square pkSjl

Shaylam/wife’s brother lkykgk saurak lksgjk ]lqljk zirw ,zirgu/root tM

Sopio/sleep lks;k kodah/liquid dk<k Kuijt, kt [kqaVh

Gogat/neck ?khVh koliya/to fight dksyh ekjuk klolo/coal dksYyk

Kere/hard djMk kame(ni) deh@uqDlku jguk kuto/shirt dqMrk

29
Koyar, Qwar/brown xkSjk kasudh/hard dlwrk mudd,mut/dead eqZnk***

izfl) oSKkfud bfrgkldkj Renfrew vuqlkj uksLVjsfVd Hkk’kk ,d dkYifud uke gS ysfdu ;s bl
ckr dh iqf’V djrk gS fd cMs Hkk’kkbZ ifjokj ,d dsUnz ls QSyAs

;s dsUnz fertile Crescent Fkk tks esMsVsfj;u {ks= ] vkt dh VdhZ ]vkjfefu;k ]dSLih;u lkxj ,fj;k
]tkxzksl igkM {ks= o mrjh bjku esa Fkk A blfy;s eSaus bl isij esa ,aQjks,f”k;kfVd ] gSfeVks lSfefVd ]
baMks ;qjksfi;u ] nzfoM ]ngyks ]pkfMd ]cjcj ] vksekfVd vkfn dk vyx ls flU/kw lH;rk ds fdlkuksa
dh cksyh ls feyk.k ugh fn[kk;k A D;ksafd ,d rks bldh t:jr ugh jg xbZ dkj.k ;s gS fd
uksLVjsfVd fMD”kujh [kqn ;s dke djrh gSA nwljk ;s isij dkQh yEck gks tkrkA ysfdu “kCnksa dk
mijksDr izek.k ;s crkrk gS fd xsgwa cksus [kkus okys flU/kw ij vk;s fdlku dk mrj ]if”peh ]mrj iwohZ
bjku vkSj] nf{k.kh vUukVksfy;k ls rkYyqd gSA mudh Hkk’kk ,d rjQ nf{k.kh if”peh ;qjksih;u ] nwljh
rjQ rehy vkSj rhljh rjQ vQzhdu ls feyrh gSA blfy;s eSa dg ldrk gwa fd flU/kw lH;rk dk
fdlku tks tkV Fkk oks lh/ks ckyksa okys bFkksih;u ] nf{k.kh if”peh ;qjksih;u ds oa”kt gSaA

Notes—

1—Material & Culture by Noam Agmon , Hebrew University Jerusalem, Published in Brill,
Affroasiatic Journal 2 (2000).

2—Extracts from District & States Gazetteers of The Panjab/Pakistan by Research Society
of Pakistan, Vol-1, PP from below 90,91, Chapter –Dera Gazi Khan.
11

3—Ibid, Vol-ii , Chapter Multan , PP from below-82.

4—Science Magzine, Vol-294 , November 2001.

5—Reconstruction of History of Harrapan Civilization by M.N. Vahia & Nisha Yadav.

6—History of Civilization of Central Asia, Vol-1, UNESCO Publishing.

7—Early Agricultural Societies : Feasting in Southern Levants in PPNA By Catheryn .C.

Twiss, Journal of Archaeology. Please Search on google.

8—Census Of India 1901 , Vol-v , Balochistan , Part-1 Report , Published at Times of India
Press Bombay/Mumbai.

9—Rigved Bhashyam, Bhashyakar Pandit Harisaran Sidhantlankar , Published by

Ghudmal Parladkumar, Arya Dharmarth Niyal , Hindon City , Rajasthan.

10—Paul 1998:pp-70 , ‘The Kurd by Thomas Bois Translated by M.W.M.Wellund , Berut

1996. Search on google.

11—History of Civilization of Central Asia , Vol-1 ,UNESCO Publishing.

12—Kurdistan By Ahmad Kozad Mohammad , Doctoral Thesis Submitted in University of

Lieden.

13—Vander Veen in East Tribal Societies Edited by S.Zuchman , Chicago University Press
2009 , PP105-106.

14—Prachin Bharat Mei Yokdhay Ganraj by Yoganand Shatri , Darshan Acharya , Ved
Vachaspati , Phd and Scholar of Khrosthi and Indogreek , Ex Reader in Delhi University
and Ex Minister in Delhi Govt. Published by Published by Prachin Bhartiya Itihas Shodh
Parishad 119 Goutam Nagar , New Delhi.PP-32

15—Cambridge Ancient History Edi. By Edward and Gadd ,Edition-3 , Vol-1, Pat-2.

16—Ibid, 8, 111.26-149.

17—New King of Susa & Anshan by Danishmand , Wolfen College , University of Oxford ,
Digital Library 2015-001. Please Search on google.

18—A Review of Religion , Political and Social Structure of Elam By Mohammad Taghi
Fazli & Mohammad Reza Masih Rad , Islamic Azad University Suster , Iran . Published by
www.waliaj .com
12

19—Ran Zadok: The Elamite Omosticon , University of Napoli.

20—The Archaeology of Elam..Ancient Iranean States by D.T.Potts, Cambridge University

Press.

21—Marry Boyce Lieden 1975, Cambidge History of Iran edited by Michael Stranbery ,
Stuatgart 2002 .All Cited in Ancient Religion Edited by Sara Lees , Johnson University ,
ISBN 13:978-0-674-02548-6

22—Religion of Ancient Iran by J.DGuliman , Originally Published in French.

23—The Cambridge History of Judaism , Vol-1 Edited by W.D.Davies and L.Finklestien.

24—Sacred Landscape of Hitties and Luwians Edited by Anacleto d’ Ayosina, Search on

google.

25—Serpent Symbol of Salvation in Ancient Hear East by Andrew Skinner, Brimigham

University.

26—Varah Mihira :Brihat Sahinta Edited by Sudhakar Dwevedi PP—239 ,289 , Alberuni:
Kitab Tahqiq Mali-i-Hind Tr by Sachou Cited in ‘The Jat of Panjab and Sind’ Paper by Dr.
S.Jabir Raza AMU, Published in The Jats Published by Originals Delhi.

27—Dr S.Jabir Raza…Ibid.

28—Grammer of Kurmanji , Kurdish Language By E.B.Sonae , Published by Lucas & Co ,

London.

29—Nostratic Dictionary by Ahron Dolgopolsky , Published by McDonald Institute for

Archaeology, University of Cambridge, UK, 2008.