EP 1913003

19 Chandra has
.

Digital to
Analog converter .

Aim :
Design a circuit to
generate Tsing le waveform .

switch
Apparatus :
power source , resists ,
LED , ,
✗ DAC ,

oscilloscope , waveform generator ,

Multi sins

71-1-59314 ( in Itis !
now
sn)

Table :

|
# " "" " " "
" "
""
"" →
"
"" "
"" " "
"
I I 0 0 0 I ☐
I 072
o
98 -

10000001 129 I -571

3 10 10 00 I 1 1 63 2.9 58

1- I 011 0011 189 3 .

166

5 I 101 0000 208 3- 235

6 11 11 I 1 I 1 256 3. 71

calculation :

"act
%n Vcc Vcc =
5- × m 8
'
=
, ; =

f- K 256 ; Voet =3 -71 and ①out> __5×

analog
=

according to

But we
got 3- 7- Iv as out
from multimeter hence

we
multiply 3.71 as ✗ cc
① K = 98

"out =

z9g÷ ✗ 3.71 = 1 .

1. 072
21 →

→
analog
multimeter
calculation

② K = 129

" all
122¥ 3.71 1.869
analog calculation
-
= = →
✗

I. 571 → multimeter

③ K = 163

calculation
{§÷ analog
✗ out = ✗ 3-71 = 2.362 →

2. 958 → multimeter

⑨ K = 189

alt
analog calculation
¥9
✗ =
✗ 3.7-1 = 2.753 →

, 3. 166 → multimeter

⑤ k= 208

calculation
Halt =

z2§g8_ ✗ 3.71 = 3.014 →

analog
3- 235 → multimeter
Conclusion ! -

* staircase waveforms were observed in transistor from

1 bit to another

to
angular waveform
To obtain 4 bit
* , we
joined two

counters and then a 8 bit DAC was connected to the

output .

circuit : -

^
.
Waveform :

Readings :

C)
②

(3)
G-)

(5)
(6)