EP 1913003

19 Chandra Has
-

Energy Gap of lights Newton 's

Rings Method
< ED -
.

gaps of of
Aim : To
find LEDs and thickness hair
energy
using Newton 's
Rings method .

Apparatus : Lens , optical flat ,

reflecting plane ,
< ED source
,
sodium

Lamp Travelling microscope

,
.

Theory : LEDs have certain

energy gap if have
and electrons

more

energy
than that will
generate electricity
it sometimes
and
gives out
light the biconvex
lens on which the
ray
is
focused after reflecting
form the
collimating lens results in
convergence of
the beam and thus due to the air film present between
the lens and the
optical flat , interfere which
occurs

results in circular
fringes .
Thus we calculate the diameter

of nth
fringe from the sodium
lamp and use this value

these
to calculate
energy gap using formulae .

R=?÷× -

eg (1)

he
Eg =
-
eg( 2)
1. 602×1019 ✗ A

✗ can be calculated
from egci) and the
substituting
in
✗
egcz) gives energy gap .
 ←
light source
Travelling microscope

"
•
I
i * ☒
f.collimating ←
lens

lens

1- a-
optical flat

schematic
of the
setup .

(b) Thickness of the hair : we

place the hair between two

optical flat and thus we

get a
straight fringes .

2T
-1£ =
( anti
)÷ at =
(2^+1)^-2=12
thus 1- =
n÷ + → thickness

✗ →
wavelength of source .
 calculation
Tablet :
of the Radius of curvature .

4.* { { a.{sn/. .{ ./. . / . /

"""" "
"
""""""""
"

" "" " " " " " " " " "" " " "" " " " "
"

I 13.5 49 13.99 13 14 13.14 0.85 0.72

2 14 18 14.18 12.5 32 12.82 1.36 1.85

• I -7 38 14.38 12.5 18 12.68 1.70 2.89

7- 14.5 14 14.64 12.5 10 12.60 2.04 4.16

• ..

6 14.5 26 14.76 12 27 12.27 . .. 6.20

7 14.5 37 1987 12 14 12.14 2-73 7.45

8 14.5 47 14.97 12 07 12.07 2.90 8.41

9 14.5 09 15-09 11.5 01 17.96 3.18 10 -

11

10 15 17 15-17 11.5 36 11.86 3.31 10.96

Total
reading
L.cn/c.s.kR=
:= Msr +

¥) here ✗ = 589.3mm ; L - C = 0.01

and thus we calculate the value of

R .
?⃝
 Blue LED .

" / rs.rs/i. s/-,/, .a " l

" " "" "
"""""""
"

the
fringe pq.s.RC.s.RT.R.IM.s.RC.s.RT-R.se CTRI - TRZ)
@ )2
on

I 12.5 39 12.89 12 39 12.39 0.5 0.25

2 12.5 72 13.22 11.5 56 12.06 1.16 I -34

s is s, , i. • • z.iq

7- 13.5 01 13.51 11.5 30 11.80 1.71 2^92

5 13.5 13 / 3.63 11.5 13 11.63 2.00 4. 00

6 13.5 zz 13.72 11 54 11.54 2.18 4- 75

RED LED .

l .is{ #.{. . {. . {. . /{ . . /s. .s l

"""" "
"
"""""""
"

" "" " " " " " " " " " " " " "" " " " "
"

I 13 02 13.02 12 24 12.24 0.78 060

2 13 37 13-37 11.5 49 11.99 1. 38 1.90

3 13 58 13.58 11.5 28 11.78 1.8 3^2-7

"
-
+ " " " "" " " " " ' ""

s
.

6 I -7 04 14.04 11 34 11.34 2.7 7. 29

12 24 2.88
7 14 14.12 11 11.24 8. 29

8 14 22 14.22 11 14 11.14 3.08 9.49

9 I
-7 32 14.32 If 04 11.04 3^28 10.76

to 14 42 14.42 10.5 43 10.93 3.49 12.18

?⃝
?⃝
Green LED

{ | / 4.* / ns.| .m{ n/. ./. a |

"" "" "
" "
""""""°""
" "" " " " " " " " " "" " " " " " "
""
I 12.5 49 12.99 12 29 12.29 070 0.49

2 13 27 13.27 12 03 12 -03 I. 18 1.39

3 13 42 13.42 11.5 40 11.90 1.52 2.31

+ ,, → , ,

5 13 69 13.69 11.5 11 11.61 2.08 -1.32

6 13.5 29 13.79 11.5 03 11.53 2.36 5.56

, 13.5 34 13.89 11.5 01 11.51 2.48 6.15

03 14 03
g 14 -

11 23 11.23 2.80 7.84

Calculations :

d)
calculating value of R .

From
graph (a) Slope
l÷=9÷2= 1.14mm -4/1=589.3
mm

thus R= 1.14×-10-6 7- 83.62mm

4×589.3×10-9=0.48362
R= -183.62mm
(ii) calculating the
energy gap .

(9) Blue LED

j- ¥
'
Eb= ↳ =

,
→
✗ ✗ 5-

foam graph D÷= 3¥02 = 0.90 ,

k= -183.62

✗ 6=7-65-24

1-241×10-6
Eb =
= 2.66 ex .

46¥

(b) Red LED

241×10-6
ER =
1.
✗r =
¥) ¥
Fr
DZ
from graph In
= 7¥
6
= I -31 ,
R = -183.62

✗k = 677.18

Er = = is > ex
(c) Green LED

241×10-6
dG= £
"
Eq =

Ig

02
7- •

from graph = 1.005 ,

R = -783.62
g-

dg =
519.51mm

" 241×10-6
Eg =

519%10-9
= 2 . 38 ex

Ciii ) Thickness of hair

t
m ✗= 589.3mm
=
;

of
214 Total
fringes in forward direction
no
Mf = -

Total of backward direction

fringy
mb= 218 no . in

Morneau =
214+2-218=216

216 ✗ 589.3
+ =
= 63.64 MM
2-
 ERROR
Analysis :

Ci ) Radius
of curvature :

D2
R
4¥
= =

7--16×10-6 386.40mm
for D= 2.04mm R = =

4×-5×538.3×1519

thus AR = 2
( °j÷ ) ✗ 386.40 = 3.78

A- k = 3- 78 mon .

Iii ) Energy gap

(a) Blue LED .

÷÷=b= ( AIR +
2÷_D) AR

R
=

=
378

386.40

A-D= 0.01

A- Eb = 2.66

¥÷% ÷÷) -1 Di

E-
=

5-
1.48 ( n

2- 66
)
=3

A-
Eb = 0.06 ex

(b) ked LED

Dz = 1.8

A- Er = F-
( ^-÷ + Er = 1.83

A- Er = 0.03 ex
(c)
green
( ÷R 2÷D) D3= 1.52
A-
Eg =
EG +

Eg = 2. 38

A-
Fey = 0.02 ex

CID
wavelength
Adb =

( b) Xb =
10.49mm

AXR =

( ?÷)Xk = 11.10 am

Aig =

( ¥÷)XG= 4.36mm

Result .

Radius of curvature : 386.40 I 3.78 Mm

LER

Blue → 465-24 I 10.49 mm → 2.66 I 0.06 ex

Red → 677.18 I II. to mm → 1. 831=0.03 ex

Green → 519 . 51 I 4- 36 mm → 2.381=0.02 ex

Thickness of hair 63 -644M .

 111 (a) Sodium vapour lamp . •

for
•

g-
scale :

•
✗ → 20=1
fringe

/
r
81
→ IU = 0.5mm2
y
•

71

61 •

a ¥
E 51 • 0

E
v

En -11
•
É

3s •

8 units
21 •

I /
•

-
i é é é E i 5 £ a- i ñ >

a- No -
of fringes -
 a
(b) Blue LEP
scale :
51
⑤ ✗ → 20=1
fringe
→ I U = 0.5mm's
y
a 41
¥
•

:÷.
•
ne

of 21
•
ni

I 1- units
a
•

"

✗ No .
of figures s

LED
g^ (c) scale

.it#:.....
green
:

✗ → 20=1
fringe
→ I U = 0.5mmz
y
n

: •

EÉ +
⇐
or
0

¥
•

ng
3
•

7- units

C No -

of fringes s
 (d) ked LED

•
121

^ 111
•

scale :
101

•
✗ → 20=1
fringe
→ 10=0 .5mm2
y

:
•

' 71
E

{ 6 /
•
.
0

*
00

41 6 units

•
3-

21 •

"

l -

r é é é se é i £ a- i.

< No -

of fringes >