i

sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

KCSEMADEF
AMI
LIAR
CHEMI
STRY
TOPI
CALLYANALYSEDKCSEPASTQUESTI
ONS
F
ORMARKI
NGSCHEMESCal
l0705525657
Cal
l/
Text
/What
sapp0705525657

TOPI
CSCOVERED HubQues
tions
Ans
wer
s
1 I
ntr
oduct
iont
ochemi
str
y 3 1
64

2 Si
mpl
ecl
ass
ifi
cat
ionofs
ubs
tances 5 1
65

3 Aci
ds,bas
esandi
ndi
cat
ors 1
1 1
68

4 Ai
randcombus
tion 1
4 1
69

5 Wat
erandhydr
ogen. 1
9 1
72

6 St
ruct
ureoft
heat
om andt
heper
iodi
ctabl
e 22 1
74

7 Chemi
calf
ami
li
es 28 1
79

8 St
ruct
ureandbondi
ng 29 1
79

9 Sl
ats 34 1
84

1
0 Ef
fectofanel
ect
ri
ccur
rentons
ubs
tance 37 1
87

1
1 Car
bonandi
tscompounds 41 1
88

1
2 Gasl
aws 45 1
91

1
3 Themol
e 47 1
96

F
orMor
eEr
esour
cesCal
l0705525657
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
1
4 Or
gani
cchemi
str
y1 51 202

1
5 Ni
tr
ogenandi
tscompounds 60 208

1
6 Sul
phurandi
tscompounds 69 21
3

1
7 Chl
ori
neandi
tscompounds 74 21
7

1
8 Aci
ds,bas
esands
alt
s 77 21
9

1
9 Ener
gychangesi
nchemei
calandphys
icalr
eact
ions 83 224

20 El
ect
rochemi
str
y 96 234

21 Met
als 1
09 244

22 Or
gani
cchemi
str
yII(
alkanoi
caci
dsanal
akanol
s) 1
16 248

23 Radi
oact
ivi
ty 1
23 254

24 Pr
ati
cal
s 1
26 255

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 2
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

I
ntr
oduct
iont
ochemi
str
y
1
. Woodenspl
intsFandGwereplacedindi
ff
erentzonesofaBuns
enbur
nerf
lame.
Thedi
agram bel
ow gi
vest
heobs er
vat
ionsthatweremade
Burnt
parts Bur
ntpar
t

G
F
(a)Expl
ainthediff
erencebetweenFandG
(b)Namet hetypeoff l
amethatwasusedintheaboveexper
iment
2. Thediagramsbelowr epres
entalis
tofappar
atuswhichar
ecommonlyus
edi
na
chemist
rylaborator
y:-

A B C D
E
(a)Gi
vethecorrectorderoftheappar
atus
,us i
ngthel et
ter
sonly,t
os howthecor
rect
arr
angement
thatcanbeus edtoprepareandinvest
igatethenatur
eofPHofas ampleof
oni
ons ol
uti
on
(b)Nameonechemi calsubst
anceandapparatusthatisneededinthi
sexperi
ment

3. ( a)Whent heair-hol
ei sful
lyopened,thebunsenbur nerproducesanon-
lumi
nous
f
lame.
Explai
n
(
b)Dr
awal abell
eddi agr
am ofanon-lumi
nousflame
4. ( a)Whatisadr ug?
(
b)Gi
vet wodr ugsthatar ecommonlyabus edbytheyout h.
5. Thedi agram belows howst hr
eemet hodsforcoll
ect
inggas esinthel
abor
ator
y

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 3
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
(
a)Namet hemet
hodsAandB
(
b)F r
om themethodsabove,i
dent
if
yonet
hati
ssui
tabl
eforcol
lect
ings
ulphur(
IV)
ox
ide.
Explai
n

6. Ami xtur
eofhexaneandwat
erwass
hakenandl
eftt
osepar
ateass
howni
nthe
di
agr
am below:

Stat
etheident
it
yof;
(i
)P………………………………. .…….. (i
i)W …………………………………. ….
7. Thediagr
amsbelowares
omecommonl
abor
ator
yappar
atus
.Nameeachappar
atus
and
s
tat
eit
sus
e

Di
agr
am Name Us
e

(
½mk) (
½mk)

(
½mk) (
½mk)

8. Thedi
agr
am bel
ows
howss
omepar
tsofaBuns
enbur
ner

U
Expl
ainhowt hepart
sl abel
ledTandUar esui
tedtotheirf
uncti
ons
9. Thedi agram belowshowstheappearanceoftwopiecesofpaperpl
acedindiff
erent
par
tsofa
non-l
uminousflameofaBuns enburnerandremovedquickl
ybeforetheycaughtfi
re.

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 4
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

(a)Whatdot heexper i
ment sshowaboutt heouterregionoft hef lame?
(b)F r
om theaboveexper i
ment ,whi
chpar toft hef
lamei sbettertous efor
heating?Givear eason
10. Acr ystalofcopper( II
)sulphatewaspl acedi nabeakerofwat er.Thebeakerwasl
eft
standingfor
twodayswi t
houts haking.Stateandexpl aintheobs ervati
onst hatweremade.
11
. St udyt heinformat i
onint hetablebel
owandans werques t
ionst hatfol
low.
(Lettersgivenar enotr ealsymbol
s )
I
ons El
ect
ronarrangement I onicradius( nm)
+
A 2.
8 0.95
B+ 2.
8.8 0.133
2+
C 2.
8 0.065

Expl
ainwhytheioni
cradi
usof:-
(a)B+isgr
eatert
hanthatofA+
b)C2+i
( ssmal
lert heofA+
hant

Si
mpl
ecl
ass
ifi
cat
ionofs
ubs
tances
1
. Thedi
agr
am bel
ows
howst
heheat
ingcur
veofapur
esubs
tance.St
udyi
tandans
wer
t
he
ques
tionst
hatf
oll
ow:

444 D Z
at e
ur

Y
Temper

B
1
15 C
X
A
Ti
me
(a)Whatphysicalchangesar
etaki
ngplaceatpoint
sXandZ?
(b)Expl
ainwhathappenstothemelt
ingpointofs
odium chl
ori
deaddedt
othi
s
s
ubs
tance

2. (
a)St
atet
wodi
ff
erencesbet
weenl
umi
nousf
lameandnon-
lumi
nousf
lame

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 5
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
(b)I
tisadvi
sabletosetaBunsenburnertoluminousf
lamepriortoanexper
iment
.
Expl
ain
3. Thepaperchromatogr
aphyofaplantext
ractgavethefol
lowi
ngr esul
ts:

Sol
vent Numberofs
pot
s
X 6
Y 2
Z 3

(a)Whi chi sthemos tsui t

ablesolventf orpurifyi
ngt heext r
act?Expl ain
(b)Ballpencannotbeus edt omar ks olventfrontintheabovechr omat ography.
Explai
n
4. Namet hepr oces swhi cht akespl acewhen:
(a)SolidCar bon( Iv)Oxi de( dryice)changesdi rect
lyintogas
(b)Ar edl it
muspapert urnswhi t
ewhendr oppedi ntochlorinewat er
(c)Propenegasmol ecul esarec onvertedi ntoagi antmol ecule
5. As ampl eofcoppert urningswasf oundt obecont aminat
edwi thcopper( I
I)oxide.
Des cr
ibe
howas ampl eofcoppermet alcanbes eparatedfrom themi xt
ure
6. Copper( I
I)oxideandchar coalarebl acks oli
ds .Howwoul dyoudi stinguishbet ween
the
twos olids?
7. a)Whati schr omat ography?
b)Gi vet woappl i
c ati
onsofchr omat ography
8. Thet woel ement sPandRwer es eparat el
ybur nedi nair
,t hepr oductsgavet he
result
s
recordedi nt het ablebel ow:

ELEMENTS PHYSICALSTATE PSOLI

D RSOLI
D
ATROOM TEMPERATURE
Physi
cals
tatesofproduct
s Whit
esol
idpowder Col
our
les
sgas
esLandM
onl
y
Nat
ureofs
olut
ionsi
nwat
er Basi
c Lstrongl
yaci
dicM s
light
ly
aci
dic

(a)Sugges tt
hei denti
tyofelementR.……………………………………………. .
……. .
(b)Des cr
ibehowt henatureofthesol
uti
onsoft heoftheoxi
desweredeter
mined
9 Thediagram belowr epresentsapaperchromatographyf
orthethr
eebrandsofsof
t
dr
inks
contai
ningbannedar ti
fi
cialf
oodaddit
ives.

6 7
4
5
1 2
3
A B C
BRANDSOFSOFTDRI NKS
AandCf
oundt
ocont
aint
hebannedar
ti
fi
cialf
oodaddi
ti
ves
.Whi
chnumber
sindi
cat
e
t
he
bannedar
ti
fi
cialf
oodaddi
ti
ves
?

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 6
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
10. Wi thoutusi
nganylaborator
ychemi cal,des
cribeas implelaboratoryexperi
mentto
dist
inguish
betweencalci
um hydr
ogencar bonateands odium hydrogencar bonate
o o
11
. Subst
anceQhasamel ti
ngpointof15Candboi li
ngpoi ntof70C.
(a)Ont hesameaxes,drawt hemeltingpointandboi l
ingpointgr aphforQandthe
room
temperat
ure
Temper ur
at e
C
o

Ti
me(
minut
es)
(b)Stat
ethephys i
calstat
eofs ubst
anceQatr oom t
emper atur
e
1
2. Cookingoil
scompriseofami xt
ur eofcompoundswhichhaveaboi li
ngpointrange
of23oCto27oC.
(i
)Whatevidenceist hentos upportthest
atementthatcookingoili
sami xt
ure?
(i
i)Nameanotherexperimentaltechniquet
hatcouldbeus edtoconfir
m youranswer
inpart(
i)above

1
3. Af
orm 1s
tudentcar
riedoutt
hes
epar
ati
onass
howni
nthes
et-
upbel
ow:
-

(i)Ident
if
ythemet hodabove...
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
(ii
)Giveoneofi t
sdisadvant
ages
(
ii
i)Nameami xt
urewhichcanbes eparatedbyt hes et
- upabove
1
4. Whatismeantbymel t
ingpointandboi l
ingpointofas ubstance?
1
5. Theapparat
usbel owwer eusedbyas t
udentt os t
udyt heef f
ectofheatonhydr at
ed
copperI
Isulphate

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 7
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

(
a)Whati
st herol
eofthei
cecol
dwater ……………
(
b)Nameliqui
dP …………………………………………………………
(
c)Whatobservat
ioni
smadei
ntheboil
ingt
ube

17. Thedi agram bel

ows howschr
omatogramsofbl
oodsamplesobt
ainedfrom t
hree
athl
etes.
Oneat
hleteusedil
legaldr
ugtoi
mpr oveper
for
manceincompeti
tion.



Dr
ug

(a)Namet heli
nemar ked M ………………………………………………….
(b)I
denti
fytheathl
etewhous edil
legaldr
ug ……………. .
.
……………………….
1
8. Classi
fythefol
lowi
ngpr oces
sesaschemicalchangesorphysi
calchanges

Process phys
icalorchemical
Neutrali
zat
ion ………………………………………
Subli
mat i
on ………………………………………
Fr
actionaldis
til
lat
ion ………………………………………. .
Displ
acementr eaction …………………………………………
19. Givet woreasonswhyal uminousfl
ameisnotus edforheat
ingpurposes
20. Classif
ythefoll
owi ngproces
s esaschemicalchangesorphysi
calchanges
Process phys
icalorchemical
Neutrali
zat
ion ………………………………………
Subli
mat i
on ………………………………………
Fr
actionaldis
til
lat
ion ………………………………………. .
Displ
acementr eaction …………………………………………

21. Gi
vetwor
easonswhyalumi
nousf
lamei
snotusedforheat
ingpur
pos
es
22. St
atet
wocri
ter
iaf
ordet
ermi
ningt
hepur
ityofasubst
ance

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 8
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
23. St
udy
the Subs
tance Wat
er Concentrated Concent rated
sulphuri
c(VI)
aci
d s odi
um hydr oxide
Ethene Sl
ightl
ys olubl
e Sol uble Insoluble
Ammoni a Ver ys ol
uble Verys oluble Ver ys oluble
Hydr ogen Sl ightl
ysoluble I ns ol
uble Insoluble
i
nfor
mat
ionint het abl
ebel owandans wert heques t
ions.
i
)Ami xturecontai
nset hene,Hydr ogenandammoni agas es.Explainhowa
s
ampleof
hydr ogen gascanbeobt ained from this mi
xture.

24. a)
i)Thediagram belowshowspot
sofapuresubs
tanceA,B,andCona
chr
omatography
paper.SpotDist
hatofami
xture

● ● ● ●
A B C D

Af t
erdevel opmentA,B,andCwer efoundt ohavemoved8cm,3cm and6cm
r
especti
vely.
Dhads eparatedintotwos potswhi chhadmoved6cm and8cm
Ont hedi agram above;
I.Labelthebas el
ine( or
igin)
I
I.Showt hepos i
tionsofallthes potsafterdevelopment
ii)Identif
yt hesubs t
ancespr esentinmi xtureD
b)Des cri
behows olidammoni um chloridecanbes eparat
edfrom asol
idmi
xtur
eof
ammoni um chlori
deandanhydr ouscal ci
um chlori
de
c)Thet ablebelows howsl i
quidst hataremi sci
bleandt hosethatar
eimmis
cibl
e
Liqui
d L3 L4
L1 Misci
ble Mi s
cible
L2 Misci
ble I
mmi sci
ble
Us etheinformationgiveninthetabl
et oans werthatquesti
onst hatfol
low;
i)Namet hemet hodt hatcanbeus edtos eparateL1andL2fr om ami xtureofthetwo
ii
)Des cri
behowami xtur
eofL2 andL4 canbes eparated
25. As t
udentl ef
ts omecrushedfrui
tmi xtur
ewi thwaterfors omedays .Hefound
themi xture
had fermented.Heconcl udedthatthemi xturewascontami natedwi t
hwat erand
ethanolwi t
h
boili
ngpointof1 00oCand78oCr espectively.Thes et-
upofappar at
usbel owar eused
tosepar ate
themi xt
ure.
Ther
momet
er B
Appar
atusW

A
Coni
ca
l
Mi
xtur
e Di
sti
ll
at f
lask
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l
e0705525657 9
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

(
i)Namet hepi eceofapparatusl abell
edW
(
ii)Whatist hepur poseoft het hermomet eri nthes et-up?
i
ii
)Atwhi chendoft heappar atusW s houldt apwat erbe
connected?……………………………
(
iv)Whichl i
quidwascol l
ectedast hefir
stdi sti
ll
ate?Expl ain
(
v)Whati st henamegi vent otheabovemet hodofs epar ati
ngmixture?
(
vi)Stat
et woappl i
cat
ionsoft heabovemet hodofs eparat i
ngmixtures
(
vi)Whatpr operti
esofthemi xt
ur emakesi tpos sibl
ef ort hecomponentt obe
separat
ed
by t heabovemet hods?
26. Thes et-upbel owwasus edt os eparateami xtur
e:-

(
a)Namet heappar
atusmi
ssi
nginthes
et-up
(
b)Giveoneexampleofmi
xtur
eT
(
c)Whatisthenameofthi
smethodofsepar
ati
on

27. a)Thediagr
am bel
ows howsas et–upusedbyastudentt
ofi
ndoutwhathappens
whenCopper(I
I)sulphat
ecryst
alsar
eheat
ed.

Bluecopper
(I
I)sul
phate
cryst
als Heat Del
iver
y
Testtube
Beaker
Li
qui
d
Y
I
ce-
col
d

(
i)Statet
heobs er
vat
ionsmadewhent hebl uecopper(I
I)sul
phatecrys
tal
s ar
e
heated.
(i
i)Ident
if
yli
quidYandwr it
eanequati
onf oritsf
ormati
on.
b)Pellet
sofsodi
um hydrogenandanhydrousCopper(II
)sulphat
ewer eputi
n
separatePetri-
dishesandlef
tintheopenfortwohours.Explai
ntheobs er
vati
onineachPetri
-di
sh.

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
0
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
28. Thechr
omat
ogr
aphybel
ows
howst
hecons
tit
uent
sofaf
lowerext
ractus
inganor
gani
c
sol
vent
:-

 Red

 Yel
low

 Bl
ue


M

(a)(i)Nameapos si
bl eor gani cs ol
ventyoucanus efort
hisexper iment
(
ii
)St ateonepr oper t
yt hatmakest heredpigmenttomovet hefurt
hestdi
stance
fr
om M
(
ii
i)Des cri
behowonecoul dgetas ampleofyell
owpigment
(i
v)Ont hediagr am i ndicatesolventfr
ont
(b)Des cribehowAl umi nium chl ori
decanbes epar
atedf
rom ami xt
ureofal
uminium
chlori
de
ands odi
um chl oride
29.St udyt hei nf
ormationbel owandans werthequesti
onsthatfoll
ow:¬
Sol
id Coldwat er Hotwat er
R Soluble Solubl
e
V I
ns oluble I
nsoluble
S I
ns oluble I
nsoluble

Descr
ibehowt hemixtureofsoli
dR,S,andVcanbes eparated
30. Givenami xt
ureoflead(II
)oxide,ammonium chlori
deands odium chl
ori
de,des
cri
be
howt
his
mixturecan beseparatedtoobtainasampleofeach.
31. Thes etupbelowwasus edt oseparat
etwomi scibl
eli
quidsQandT
(Bol
ingpoints;Q=98°C,T=78° C)

(
a)Ident
if
ythemi st
akesi
nthes
etupabove
(
b)I
denti
fyDis
til
lat
eX
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
1
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

32. Namet hepr ocesswhicht akesplacewhen:

a)SolidCar bon( I
V)oxide( dryi
ce)changesdi r
ectl
yintogas.
b)Ar edl i
tmuspapert urnswhitewhendr oppedintochl
orinewater
.
c)Propenegasmol eculesareconvert
edi nt
oagi antmolecul
e.
33. Thefollowingdi agr
am s howsapaperchr omatogram ofsubst
ancesA,B,C,andD
whi
ch
ar
ecol oured

    
A B C D E
(a)Indi
catet hesolventf
rontonthechr
omat ogr am
(b)Whichs ubs t
anceispure? ………………………………………. .
(c)SubstanceEi sami xt
ureofCandD.I ndicatei t
schromatogram i
nthediagram
34. Studythei nfor
mat i
onbelowandanswert hef oll
owingquesti
ons.Amixtur
econt ai
ns
thr
ee
sol
ids A,B,andC.Thes ol
ubi
li
tyoft
heses oli
dsi ndi
ff
erentl
iqui
dsisass hown
bel
ow:-

Sol
id Water Alcohol Ether
A Sol
uble I
ns ol
ubl
e Insol
uble
B I
nsolubl
e Solubl
e Verys ol e Expl
ubl ainhow
youwil
l C Sol
uble Solubl
e Insol
uble obtai
nsample
Cfrom t
he mixt
ure

35. Stat
eandexpl
aint
heobs
ervat
ionsmadewheni
odi
necr
yst
alsi
sheat
edi
naboi
li
ng
tube?

Aci
ds,bas
esandcombus
tion
1
. Thet
abl
ebel
owshowss ol
uti
onsA,BandCar etes t
edandobs er
vat
ionsr
ecor
dsas
s
hown:
Solut
ion Observati
onsoni ndicat
or
A Methylorangeturnsyel l
ow
B Phenolpht
halei
nt urnscolour
les
s
C Li
tmust urnspurple

(a)Usi
ngthetableabove,nameanaci d
(b)Howdoest hepHvalueof1M potas
sium hydroxi
desol
uti
oncompar
ewi
tht
hatof
1
M aqueousammoni a?Expl
ain
2. Theinf
ormati
onbelowgi vesPHvaluesofsoluti
onsV,W,X,YZ

Sol
uti
on PHval
ues
V 2
W 6.5
X 11

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
2
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
Y 1
4
Z 4.5
(a)Whichsol
uti
onislikel
ytobe:
(i
)Calci
um hydroxi
de?
……………………………………………….
(i
i)Rai
nwat er
?
………………………………………………………
(
b)Whichsolut
ionwouldreactmostvi
gor
ous
lywithZi
nccar
bonat
e

3. a)Compl et
ethet abl
ebel
owtos howt hecolouroft
hegiveni
ndi
cat
ori
naci
dicand
bas
ic
solut
ions.
I
ndicat
or Col
ourin
Aci
dicSolut
ion Bas icSol
uti
on
MethylOrange Yell
ow
Phenolpht
halei
n Col
ourl
ess

b)Howdoest
hePHval
ueof0.
1M pot
ass
ium hydr
oxi
des
olut
ioncompar
ewi
tht
hatof
0.
1M
aqueousammoni
a? Expl
ain.

4. Usetheinf
ormat
iongi
venbel
owt
oans
wert
heques
tionst
hatfol
low:
Sol
uti
on G H I J K
pH 1
.5 6.
5 13.
0 7.
0 8.
0

(a)Whichofthes olut
ionswoul
dbeus edt
orel
ieveas
tomachups
etcaus
edby
i
ndi
ges
tion?
(b)Whichs ol
utionislikel
ytobe:
(
i)Dil
utes ulphuri
cacid?
(i
i)Sodium hydr oxi
desol
uti
on?

5. Sol
idcopper(
II
)oxi
dei
sabas
eal
thoughi
tdoesnott
urnl
it
muspapert
obl
ue.Expl
ain

6. BelowarethepHvaluesof4typesofmedici
ner epresent
edbylet
ter
sP,Q,RandS
MEDICI
NE pHVALUES
P 7.
0
Q 5.0
R 8.0
S 6.0
a)Iti
snotadvi
sabl
etouseSwhenapat ienthasi ndi
gesti
on.
Expl
ain
b)Whatistherol
eofchemis
t r
yindrugmanufacture

7. Expl
ainwhyveryl
itt
leCarbon(I
V)oxidegasisevolvedwhendi
lut
esul
phur
ic(
VI)aci
d
isaddedto l
ead(II
)carbonat
e
8. Stat
eonecommer ci
aluseofCalci
um Oxide
9. Thefoll
owi
ngdatagivesthepHvaluesofsomesolutions
Solut
ion pH
P 1
4.0
Q 6.8
R 2.5

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
3
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

(
a)Whatcolourchangewouldoccuri
ns ol
uti
onPonaddit
ionoftwodropsof
phenolpht
halei
nindi
cator?
(
b)St
atethepHval ueofaresul
ti
ngsoluti
onwhenequalmolesofs
olut
ionPandR
r
eact

1
0. I
nanexper iment
,ammoni agaswaspr epar
edbyheat i
ngammoni um s
altwi thanal
kal
i.
Af
terdrying,ammoni agaswascol l
ect
edatroom temperatureandpres sure.
(
a)Whati smeantbyt heterm al
kal
i?
(
b)Explainus i
ngphys i
calproper
ti
esofthegaswhyammoni aisnotcollectedby
downward
del i
very
11
. Thet ables howsthecoloursobtai
nedwhens omeindicat
orsar eaddedtos oluti
ons
:-
Solution Blueli
tmuspaper I
ndicatorW
Disti
lledwater …………………. . Colourl
ess
Calcium hydroxi
de Bl ue Pink
Nitr
icaci d ………………………… Colourl
ess

(
a)Complet
et hetabl
ebyf
il
li
ngi
nthemi
ssi
ngcol
our
s
(
b)I
denti
fyindicat
orW

1
2. (a)Fl
owerext r
actscanbeusedasAcid-bas
ei ndi
cator
s.Gi
vetwol
imi
tat
ionsofs
uch
i
ndi
cators
(b)Thediagram bel
ows howsspot
sofpures ubst
ancesW,X,andYona
chr
omatogr
aphy
paper. SpotZisthatofamixt
ure

   
W X Y Z
AfterdevelopmentW,X,andYwer efoundtohavemoved9cm3,4cm3 and7cm3
r
especti
vel y.
Zhass eparatedintotwos potswhichhavemoved7cm3 and9cm3: -
Ont hediagram:-
I
.Labelt hebas el
ineands olventfr
ont
I
I.Showt hepos i
tionofallthespotsaft
erdevelopment
I
II
.I denti
fythes ubstancespresentinmixtur
eZ
1
3. Abeekeeperf oundt hatwhens tungbyabee,appl i
cat
ionofali
tt
lesol
uti
onofsodium
hydrogencar bonatehelpedt orel
ievetheirr
it
ati
onoftheaff
ectedar
ea.Expl
ain

14. 1 0gofs odi

um hydrogencarbonatewer
edi ss
olvedin20cm3 ofwat
erinaboili
ngtube.
Lemon
jui
cewast henaddeddr opwi
s ewi
thshaki
nguntiltherewasnofurt
herchange.
(
a)Explai
ntheobs ervat
ionwhichwasmadei ntheboili
ngtubewhent her
eacti
onwas
inprogress
(
b)Whatobs er
vati
onswouldbemadei fthelemonjuicehadbeenaddedtocopper
tur
ningsin
aboil
ingtube?

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
4
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
15. ( a)Compl etet het abl
ebelowtoshowthecolouroft hegivenindicatori
nacidi
cand
basi
c
s olutions :
Indi cator Col
ouri
nacidi
csolution Basics ol
uti
on
Met hylor ange Pi
nk
Phenol phthalei
n Pink
16. Solut
ionscanbecl assi
fi
edasaci
ds,bas
esorneut r
al.Thetablebelows hows
sol
uti
onsandt hei r
pHval ues :-
Sol
uti
ons PHVALUES
K 1.
5
(
i)Selectany L 7. 0 pairthatwouldreactt
o
f
orm as ol
uti
onofPH7 M 14.0

(
ii
)Ident
if
ytwos
olut
ionst
hatwoul
dreac
twi
thal
umi
nium hydr
oxi
de.Expl
ain

Ai
randcombus
tion
1
. Theset-
upbelowwasusedtopr
epar
eas
ampl
eofoxygengas
.St
udyi
tandans
wer
thequest
ionst
hatf
oll
ow.

H2O2

MnO2

(i
)Compl
etethediagram t
oshowhowOxygencanbecoll
ected
(
ii
)Wri
teachemicalequati
onoft
hereact
iont
oproduceoxygen

2. Ai
rwaspas
sedthroughs everalr
eagent
sasshownbelow:
Concent r
ated
sodium Excess
Ai
r
hydroxide copper
sol
ut i
on turni
ngs

Excess
Escapi
ng heated
gases magnesium
powder

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
5
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

(
a)Wr i
teanequationf ort
hereacti
onwhi chtakespl aceinthechambercontai
ning
Magnesium powder
(
b)Nameonegaswhi chescapesfr
om thechambercont aini
ngmagnesium powder.
Gi veareasonf oryouranswer
3. (
a)Whati sr
ust?
(
b)Givetwomet hodst hatcanbeus edtopreventr usti
ng
(
c)Nameones ubstancewhichspeedsupt her us
tingpr ocess

4. 3. 0gofcl ean magnesium ribbon8.0g ofclean coppermet alwer e bur

nt
separat
el yin
equalvolume ofairand bothmet al
sr eact
edcompl etely with air
;
a)Stat
eandexplainwheret herewasgreaterchangeinvol umeofai r
Mg=24 Cu=64
b)Wr i
teanequat
ionf ort
her eact
ionbetweendilut
es ulphuricacidandproductof
burntcopper

5. Oxygeni
sobt
ainedonl
arges
cal
ebyt
hef
ract
ionaldi
sti
ll
ati
onofai
rass
hownont
he
f
low
char
tbel
low.

a)I
denti
fythesubst
ancethatisremovedatthefil
tr
ati
onstage
b)Expl
ainwhyCarbon(IV)oxi
deandwat erareremovedbefor
eli
quef
act
ionofai
r
c)I
denti
fythecomponentthatiscol
lect
edat-186°C

6. Thes
et-
upbel
owwasus
edt
ost
udys
omepr
oper
ti
esofai
r.

Moi
sti
ronwool

Tes
ttube

Beaker
Wat
er

St
ateandexplai
ntwoobs
ervat
ionst
hatwoul
dbemadeatt heendoftheexper
iment
7. Af or
mt wostudenti
nanatt
empttostopr
ust
ingputcopperandZi
nc i
ncontac
twith
i
ron
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
6
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
ass
hown:
-
I
ron

Copper
Zi
nc
(
i)
(
ii
)
(
a)St atewhet herr usti
ngoccur redafteroneweeki ft hes et-upswer el ef
tout
(b)Expl ainyourans weri n( a)above
8. I nanexper i
ment ,api eceofmagnes i
um r i
bbonwascl eanedwi ths t
eelwool .2.4gof
t
hecl eanmagnes i
um r ibbonwaspl acedi nacruci bl
eandcompl etelyburntin
ox ygen.
Aftercool i
ngt heproductwei ghed4. 0g
a)Expl ainwhyi tisneces sar
yt ocleanmagnes ium r i
bbon
b)Whatobs ervati
onwasmadei nthecr ucibleaft
erbur ni
ngmagnes ium ri
bbon?
c)Whywast hereani ncreas einmas s?
d)Wr i
teanequat i
onf ort hemaj orchemi calreactionwhi cht ookplacei nthecr ucible
e)Thepr oducti nthecr uciblewass hakenwi t
hwat erandf i
lt
ered.Stateandexpl ain
the
obs ervation whichwasmadewhenr edandbl uel i
tmuspaperwer edr oppedi nto
thef i
ltrat
e
9. I nanexper imentagasj arcontaini
ngs omedampi ronfil
lingswasi nvertedinawat er
trough
cont ainings omewat erass howni nthedi agram bel ow.Thes et-
upwasl eftun-
disturbedf ort hr ee
days .St udyi tandans wert heques t
ionst hatfol
low:
Dampi ron
fill
ings

I
nver
tedgasj
ar

Water
Tr
ough
Wat
er

(a)Whywer et hei r
onfili
ngsmoi stened?
b)St ateandexpl aintheobs ervationmadeaf terthreedays .
(c)St atetwoconcl usi
onsmadef r
om t heexper iment.
d)Dr awal abelleds et
-upofappar atusforthel aborator
ypr epar
ati
onofoxygenus i
ng
Sodium Per oxide
(e)St atetwous esofoxygen
10. I
nanexper iment ,api eceofmagnes i
um ribbonwascl eanedwiths t
eelwool.2.4gof
theclean
magnes i
um r i
bbonwaspl acedi nacrucibleandcompl etel
ybur ntinoxygen.Aft
er
cool
ingt he
productwei ghed4.0g
a)Expl ainwhyi tisneces sar
yt ocleanmagnes i
um r i
bbon
b)Whatobs ervationwasmadei nt hecrucibleaf t
erburningmagnes i
um ri
bbon?
c)Whywast hereani ncreasei nmas s?
d)Wr it
eanequat ionfort hemaj orchemi calreactionwhi chtookplaceinthecr uci
ble
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
7
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
e)Thepr
oducti
nthecr
uci
blewass
hakenwi
thwat
erandf
il
ter
ed.St
ateandexpl
ain
t
he
obs
ervat
ion whi
chwasmadewhenr
edandbl
uel
it
muspaperwer
edr
oppedi
nto
t
hefi
lt
rate
1
1. Theset-
upbelowwasus
edt
ocol
lectgasFpr
oducedbyt
her
eact
ionbet
weens
odi
um
peroxi
deandwater

(
i)NamegasF……………………………………………………………………………
(
ii
)Attheendoft
heexper
iment
,thes
olut
ioni
nther
oundbot
tomedf
las
kwasf
ound
t
obe
astr
ongbas e.Explai
nwhyt
hiswass
o
(
iii
)Whichpropert
yofgasFmakesitbecol
lect
edbyt
hemet
hodus
edi
nthes
et-
up?
(
iv)Gi
veonei ndustr
ialus
eofgasF

1
2.. Thes
et-
upbel
owwasus
edt
oinves
tigat
epr
oper
ti
esoft
hecomponent
sofai
r:

Gasj
ar

Phos
phor
ou
s

Wat
er

(i)St atetwoobs ervati

onsmadedur i
ngt heexper i
ment
(ii)Wr itetwochemi calequati
onsf ort her eactionswhichoccur red
(iii
)Theexper i
mentwasr epeatedus ingbur ningmagnes ium inpl aceofphos phorous.
Ther ewas gr eaterriseofwat ert hani nthef i
rstcase.Expl aint hi
sobs ervat
ion
(iv)Af terthet woexper iments,thewat eri neacht r
oughwast es tedus i
ngblueandr ed
li
tmus
papers.St ateandexpl aintheobs ervat
ionsofeachcas e.
(a)Phos phor ousexper iment
b)magnes ium exper iment
(v)Br i
eflyexplainhowas ampl eofni trogengascanbei solatedf rom ai
rinthe
laborator y
1
3. ( a)A gr oupofs tudent sburntapi eceofMgr ibboni nairandi tsas hcoll
ectedina
Pet
ridish.
Theas hwasf oundt ocompr iseofmagnes i
um OxideandMagnes i
um nitr
ide
(
i)Wr iteanequat i
onforther eactionl eadingt oformationoft hemagnes i
um nitr
ide
(ii
)Al itt
lewat erwasaddedt ot hepr oductsinthePet ridish.St at
eandexpl ainthe
obs ervat i
on made.
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
8
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
(i
ii
)Api eceofbluelit
muspaperwasdippedi
ntothes ol
utionformedin(b)above.
St
atet he observat
ionmade.
14. Af orm oneclasscarri
edoutanexperi
menttodeterminetheactivepartofai
r.The
diagr
am
belows howst heset
-upoftheexperi
mentandalsotheobs er
vati
onmade.
(i
)Atthebegi nni
ng (i
i)observat
ionattheendoft he
experi
ment

Ycm

Sol
idA Ai
r

(a)(i)Ident if
ys ubstanceM . .
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
...
..
...
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
(i
i)St atetwor easonsf orthes ui
tabili
tyofs ubs t
anceM f orthisexper iment
(b)Wr itet heequat i
onf ort her eact
ionofs ubs tanceM andt heact i
vepar tofai r
(c)(i)Us ingt helettersYandXwr i
teanexpr essionf ortheper centageoft heact i
vepart
ofai r
(i
i)Theexpr es si
oni n(c)(i)abovegi veslowerval uethant heexpect ed.Explain
( d)(i)Expl ai
nt heobs ervationmadewhenl itmuspaperi sdippedi ntot hebeakeratt he
endoft he
ex periment
(ii
)Namet heact i
vepar tofair
.
...
..
....
..
...
..
..
..
...
..
...
..
...
...
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
....
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
(i
ii
)Sugges tanot hermet hodthatcanbeus edt odeterminet heact i
vepar tofair
1
5. Api eceofphos phor ouswasbur ntinexces sai r.Thepr oductobt ai
nedwass haken
withas mal l
amountofhotwat ert omakeas oluti
on
i
)Wr it
eanequat ionf orthebur ningofphos phorusinexces sair
i
i)Thes oluti
onobt ainedi n(b)aboveasf oundt ohavepHof2.Gi ver easonsfor
this
observat i
on

1
6. St
udyt
hes
et-
upbel
owandans
wert
heques
tionst
hatf
oll
ow:
-

I
ronnai
ls

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
9
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
(
a)St atetwoobs er
vationsthatwouldbemadeaf teroneweek.Explain
(
b)Wr it
etheequationoft hereact
iont akingpl
aceinthetest-
tube
17. F e3O4 andFeOareoxi desofironwhi chc anbeproducedi
nt helaboratory
(
a)Wr it
echemicalequat i
onforthereact i
onwhichcanbeus edt oproduceeachoft
he
oxi
des
(
b)Wi r eanioni
cequat ionforthereactionbetweentheoxide,Fe3O4 andadi
lut
eaci
d.

1
8. Belowisal istofoxides.
MgO,N2O,K2O,CaOansAl 2O3
Select
:-
a)Aneut raloxide.
b)Ahi ghlywatersol ubl
ebas icoxi
de.
c)Anoxi dewhi chcanr eactwi t
hbothsodi
um hydr
oxi
des
olut
ionanddi
lut
e
hydr
ochlori
cacid.

19. Thedi
agr
am bel
ows
howss
tudent
sset
-upf
ort
hepr
epar
ati
onandcol
lect
ionofoxygen
gas

Oxygen
gas

Sodium
peroxi
de
(
a)Namesubs
tanceXused
(
b)Wri
teanequati
ont
os howt
her
eact
ionofs
odi
um per
oxi
dewi
tht
hes
ubs
tance
namedin1
(a)

5.Wat
erandhydr
ogen
1
. (
a)Hydr
ogencanr
educecopper
sOxi
debutnotal
lumi
nium oxi
de.Expl
ain

(
b)Whenwaterreactswit
hpot assi
um met
althehydrogenpr
oducedi
gni
tes
ex
plos
ivel
y
onthesurfaceofwater.
(i
)Whatcaus esthi
signi
t i
on?
(i
i)Wri
teanequat i
ontos howhowthisigni
ti
onoccurs

2. I nanexperiment
,dr
yhydrogengaswaspas
sedoverhotcopper(
II
)oxi
dei
na
combus
tion
tubeas s
howninthedi
agram bel
ow:
-

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 20
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

(a)Complet
et hediagr
am t
os howhowt heot
herproduct,s
ubst
anceRcoul dbe
col
lect
ed
i
nthelaborat
ory.
(b)Descr
ibehowcoppercouldbeobt ai
nedfr
om themixtur
econtai
ningcopper(I
I)
oxi
de
3. Thes et
upbelowwasus edtoinvest
igat
ethereact
ionbetweenmetal
sandwat er.

(
a)Identi
fys
oli
dXands
tat
eit
spur
pos
e
Soli
d
X ………………. .
……………………………………………………………………….
.

Purpos
e ………………………………………………………………………………………. .
(b)Wri
teachemicalequati
onforther
eact
ionthatpr
oducest
hef l
ame.
4. GasPwaspas sedoverheatedmagnes
ium ri
bbonandhydrogengaswascol
lec
tedas
shown
int
hediagram below:

(i
)NamegasP ..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
(i
i)Wr
iteanequati
onoft hereacti
ont hattakesplacei nthecombus tiontube
(i
ii
)St
ateoneprecauti
onneces saryatt heendoft hisexperiment
5. Whenhydr ogenisburntandt hepr oductcooled,thefoll
owingr esul
tsareobt ai
nedas
shown
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 21
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
i
nthedi
agr
am bel
ow:
Cl
amp Cl
amp

Bur
ning I
cecol
dwat
er

Dr
yhydr
ogen
Li
qui
dY

(
a)Writ
et heequati
onf orthefor
mati
onofl
iquidY
(b)Giveachemi caltestf
orli
qui
dY
6. Janes et
-uptheexper i
mentasshownbelowtocol
lectagas
.Thewets
andwasheat
ed
bef
ore
heat
ingZincgranules

Wetsand
(
a)Complet
ethedi agr
am f
ort
helabor
atorypr
epar
ati
onofthegas
(
b)Whywasi tnecessaryt
oheatwetsandbef
oreheat
ingZi
ncgranul
es?

7.

(a)BetweenNandM whi chparts houldbeheat edfirs

t?Expl
ain
(b)Wr i
teachemicalequat
ionf
ort her eact
ionoccurringinthecombus
t i
ontube.
8. Thes et-
upbelowwasus edtoinves t
igateelect
rolys
isofacertai
nmoltencompound;
-

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 22
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

(
a)Compl
etethecircui
tbydrawingthecel
linthegapl
efti
nt hediagram
(
b)Wri
tehal
f-
cellequati
ontoshowwhathappensatthecathode
(
c)Usi
nganarrows howthedir
ectionofel
ectr
onfl
owinthedi agr
am above

9. Hydr ogencanbepr eparedbyr eactingzi ncwi t

hdi lutehydr ochlori
cacid.
a)Wr it
eanequat ionf ort her eaction.
b)Nameanappr opriat
edr yingagentf orhydr ogengas .
c)Expl ainwhycoppermet alcannotbeus edt opr eparehydr ogengas .
d)Hydr ogenbur nsi noxygent of orm anoxi de.
(i)Wr iteanequat ionfort her eact i
on.
(ii
)St atet wopr ecaut i
onst hatmus tbet akenbef or
et hecombus tionbeginsandat
t
heendof
thecombus tion.
e)Gi vet wous esofhydr ogengas .
f)Whenzi nci sheat edt or ednes sinacur rentofs team,hydr ogengasi sobtai
ned.
Wr i
tean
equat ionf orther eaction.
g)El ementQr eact swi thdi luteaci dsbutnotwi thcol dwater .ElementRdoesnot
reactwith
diluteaci ds.Element sSdi splacesel ementPf rom itsoxide.Pr eactswithcol
d
water.Arrange
thef ourel ement sinor deroft heirreact i
vity,s tart
ingwi t
ht hemos treacti
ve.
h)Expl ainhowhydr ogeni sus edi nthemanuf actureofmar gar i
ne.
1
0. a)Thes et-upbel ow i sus edt oinves ti
gat ethepr operti
es ofhydr ogen.

i)Ont hediagr am,indicatewhats houl

dbedonef orther eact
iont ooccur
ii
)Hydr ogengasi sal
lowedt opas sthrought het ubef orsomet imebef oreitisli
t.
Expl
ain
ii
i)Wr iteanequat i
onfort hereactionthatoccur si nthecombus tiont ube
iv)Whent hereac ti
oniscompl ete,hydrogengasi spas s
edt hr
ought heapparatusunt
il
they
cooldown. Expl ain
v)Whatpr opertyofhydr ogenisbei nginvesti
gat ed?
vi)Whatobs ervationconfirmsthepr opertystatedi n(v)above?
vii)Whyi szi
ncox i
denotus edtoinvestigat
et hispr opertyofhydrogengas ?
11
. Thes etupbel owwasus edtocoll
ectgasK,pr oducedbyt hereactionbetweenwat er
and GasK
calcium met al
.
o
o
o
o
Wat
e o
r
F
orMor
eE-
o Res
our
cesCall0705525657 23
o Cal
cium met
al
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

(a)NamegasK ……………………………………………………………. .
(b)Attheendoftheexper
iment
,thes
olut
ioni
nthebeakerwasf
oundt
obeaweak
base.Expl
ain
whythesol
uti
onisaweakbase

6.Struct
ureoft
heat
om andt
heper
iodi
c
tabl
e
1
. I
nanexper i
mentanunknownmas sofanhydroussodium carbonatewasdi ss
olvedin
wat erand
thes oluti
onmadeupt o250cm3.25cm3 oft hi
ssoluti
onneut ral
ized20cm3of0. 25M
nitr
icacid.
(Na=23. 0C=1 2.0O=1 6.0)
Calculate:
(a)Mol esofNi t
ricacidus ed
(b)Mol esofs odi
um car bonat ein25cmoft hesoluti
on
(c)Mas sofunknowns odium carbonateused
2. ElementAhasat omicmas s23andel ementBhasat omi cmas s7andal sohave
12neut
or nsand
4neut ronsr es pecti
vely.
(a)Wr it
et heel ectronicar r
angementofAandB
(b)Whi chel ementhashi gherioni
zati
onenergy?Explain
3. Thet ablebel ows howst her elat
iveatomicmassesandt heper centageabundanceof
i
s ot
ope
M1andM2 ofel ementM.

Rel
ati
veat
omi
c %abundance
mass
M1 62.
93 69.
09
M2 64.
93 30.
91

Cal
cul
atet
her
elat
iveat
omi
cmas
sofel
ementM

4. (
a)El
ementVhast
woi
sot
opes
.Twot
hir
dsof Vandonet
hir
dof V.Whati
s
the
relati
veat omic massofelementV?
(b)Thef ollowingref
erstoelementY
I
s otope A B C
I
s otopemas s 54 56 57
Giventhati sotopeCcont ai
ns31neutronsini
tsnucleusfi
ndthenumberofprot
onsin
i
s ot
opeB
5. Thet ablebel ows howstherelat
iveatomicmassesandt heper
cent
ageabundanceof
theisotopes
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 24
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
L1andL2 ofel ementL.
Relat
iveatomic %
mas s abundance
L1 62. 93 69.09
L2 64. 93 30.91
Calculatether el
ati
veat
omicmas sofel
ementK.
6. Anel ementM hast woi
sot
opes M and M .Ther el
ati
veat
omi cmas
soft
he
natural
lyoccurri
ngis63.
55.Calcul
atetheper
cent
ageofeachi
sotope

7. Anox ideofel ementGhast heformulaasG2O3

(a)Statet heval encyofel ementG
(b)Inwhi chgr oupft heperiodi
ctableiselementG?
8. Thet ablebelowgi vesinformati
onaboutt heionsT+andZ2-
+
Ion T Z2-
Electr
onar rangement 2. 8 2.8.8
Numberofneut rons 12 16
(a)Howmanypr ot
onsar ethereinthenucl eusof?
(i
)ElementT?
(i
i)ElementZ?
(b)Det erminet her elat
iveformulamas softhecompoundformedbet
weenTandZ
(c)Statet wocondi t
ionsunderwhi chthecompoundwouldconductel
ect
ri
cit
y

9. Car bonands
ili
conbelongtothes
amegroupoft
heper
iodi
ctabl
e,yetCarbon(I
V)
ox
ide
i
sagaswhil
es i
li
con(IV)oxi
dei
sasol
idwit
hahighmelt
ingpoi
nt.Expl
aint
his
di
ff
erence

1
0. Ani
onofoxygeni
slar
gert
hanoxygenat
om.Expl
ain

1
1. Copper(
II
)oxi
deandchar
coalar
ebl
acks
oli
ds.Howwoul
dyoudi
sti
ngui
shbet
ween
t
he
t
wos
oli
ds?

1
2. (
a)ElementXi sf oundi nper i
odIIIandgr oupIV.Itconsistsoftwois otopes28XandQX.
As ampleofXwasf oundt ocons i
stof90%of28X. I
ft herel
ati
veat omicmas sofX
is28.3,
workoutt he numberofneut ronsinQX
(
b)Dr awanel ectrochemi calcel
lfort heabovecell
13. St udyt hetablebel owandans wert heques t
ionsthatfollows:
-(Lettersarenotthe
actual
symbol sofelement )
Element El ectronicarrangement El ectri
calconduct i
vit
y
L1 2.8.2 Higherelectr
icalconductivit
y
L2 2.8.1 Highelectri
calconducti
vity
L3 2.8.3 Highestelectr
icalconductivi
ty

L3hast hehi ghes tel

ect r
icalconductivi
ty.Expl
ain
1
4. Definethet erm mel t
ingpoi ntofas ubs t
ance
1
5. Uset heinformationint het abl
ebelowt oanswert hequest
ionst
hatfol
low.
(
Thel ett
er sdonotr epresenttheact ualsymbolsoftheel
ements)
.
El
ement Q P R S T
Atomic 18 5 3 5 20

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 25
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
number
Mass 40 10 7 1
1 40
number
(
a)Whichtwolet
ter
srepresentt
hesameelement
?Givear
eas
on
(
b)Gi
vet henumberofneutr
onsinanat
om ofel
ementR

16. Thet ablebelowgivessomeel ement si ntheper iodictabl

e.Us ei tt
oans werthe
ques
tionsthat
Foll
ow.Thel ett
ersdonotr epresentt heact ualsymbol softheel ements.
El
ement A B C D E
At
omi cnumber 1 2 13 1 4 15 1
6
Whichoft heabovel et
ter
sr epres ent:
a)Amet al
li
celementwhichf ormsi onswi ththes mal l
estioni
cr adius? Expl
ain
b)Anonmet al
li
celementwi t
ht hel arges tbbatomi csize?Explain
17. Thegr idbelowispartoftheper iodict able.Us eittoans wertheques ti
onst hatf
oll
ow:
(
Thel
ett
ersar
enott
heact
uals
ymbol
s).

A B

C D G E
F
a)Wr
it
edownt
hef
ormul
aoft
hecompoundf
ormedbet
weenCandA.
b)Whi chelementhasthesameel ectronarrangementasthes t
abl
eionof
:
(i
)F……………………………. (i
i)A……………………. .
c)ElementQhasat omicnumber15.Indicateit
spos i
ti
onont hegri
d.
d)Explainhowt heatomicradi
iofthef ol
lowingcompare:
(i
)CandF
(
ii
)CandD
e)Wr it
et hetypeofbondpr es
entinacompoundf ormedbetweenDandA.
f)CompoundCandGwer ecompletelyburnedinoxygen.
(i
)Wr itedownequationstoshowt hec ombusti
onofeachoft heelement
s.
(i
i)Statewhethereachoftheoxides(i)aboveisbas i
coracidi
c.

1
8. Thefol
lowingfl
owchartshowstheindustr
ialmanuf
act
ureofNi
tr
ic(
V)aci
d.
a)I
dentif
ys ubs
tanceB,C,EandF .
b)Descri
bewhathappensi nt
hecatalyt
icchamber.

c)Stat
ewhatt
akesplacei
nchamberD.
d)60–65%nitri
c(V)aci
disproducedi
ntheabs
orpt
ionchamber
.Des
cri
behowt
he
aci
dcanbe
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 26
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
concent
rat
ed.
e)Stat
ewhyni t
ri
c(V)aci
disst
oredi
ndarkbott
les
.
f
)Copperreactswit
hnit
ri
c(V)aci
dandnothydr
ochlor
icaci
d.Expl
ain.

19. Thenumberofprot
ons,neutr
onsandelect
ronsinatomsAtoFaregi
veni
nthet
abl
e
bel
ow
t
hel
ett
ers donotrepr
esenttheact
ualsymboloft
heelement
s:-

At
oms Pr
otons Neut
rons El
ect
rons
A 3 4 2
B 9 10 10
C 1
2 12 12
D 1
7 18 17
E 1
7 20 17
F 1
8 22 18

(
a)Choos efrom thet ablethelettersthatrepresent:
(i)Anatom ofamet al ...
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
(ii
)Aneut ralatom ofanon- metal . .
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
(
iii
)Anat om ofanobl egas . ..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
.
(
iv)Apairofi sotopes . .
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
(v)Acat i
on ...
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
(
b)Thegr i
dbel ows howsapar toft heper i
odictable.Thelettersdonotr epres
entt
he
act
ual
symbols.
Useittoans wert heques ti
onst hatfoll
ow:-
C T

K U
X Y M Q W
J Z
(
a)Howdotheatomi
cradi
usofel
ementXandYcompar
e
(
b)(i
)Us
ingcros
ses(X)t
orepr
esentel
ect
rons
,dr
awtheat
omi
cst
ruct
ureofel
ement
Q
(
ii
)St
atet
heper
iodandt
hegr
oupt
owhi
chel
ementQbel
ong

(
c)(i)Thei onicconfi
gurationofel ementGi s2.8Gf ormsani onofthet ypeG-1.
I
ndicateont hegr i
d,t hepos it
ionofelementG.
(i
i)Towhi chc hemicalfami l
ydoesel ementGbel ong?
(
ii
i)Stateoneus eofel ementU
(i
v)Whati sthenatur eofthecompoundf ormedbet weenKandU
20. (a)Studyt het ablebelowandans wert hequestionst hatf
oll
ow.
Par
ticl
e At omi cnumber I oni cconfigurati
on Formul aofoxide Atomi cr adi
i Ionicradi
i
P 4 …………. . …………… 0.1
10 0.031
Q …………. .. 2.8.8 QO 0.200 0.099
R …………… 2.8.8 R2O 0.230 0.
133
S 1
7 2.8.8 S2O7 0.099 0.1
81
T 16 …………… ……… 0.104 0.
231

(
i)Completet
hetabl
eabove
(
ii
)From thet
abl
e,choos
ethemos
treact
ivemet
al.Expl
ain
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 27
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
(iii
)Whi chelementisthemos telectr
onegati
ve.Expl
ain
(iv)Us i
ngdot .
s()andcrosses( x)torepr
esentelect
rons,showthebondingi
nthe
chl
ori
deofQ
(v)Ex pl
ainthesolubi
li
tyofelementTi nwater
(b)( i
)Whyi salumini
um usedt omakeut ensi
lsyetiti
sar eact
ivemetal
?
(i
i)Dist
ingui
shbetweenval encyandoxidati
onnumber

21. a)Wor k outtheoxi dati

on numberofphos phorous int
he fol
lowi
ng compound
H3PO3
b)Studyt heequat ionbelow:
Mg(s)+2H2O(l) Mg(OH)2(aq)+H2(g)
Whichs peci
eshasunder goneoxidat
ion.Explain
22. Thegr i
dbel owr epresent
spar toft
heper i
odi ctabl
e.Thelet
tersdonotrepr
esentthe
actual
symbolsoftheel ement s
.Studyitandans wert hequest
ionsthatf
oll
ow:
L L
M P T J U X
N Q R S V Y
W

(a)Explainwhyel ementLappear sint wodiff

erentgroupsint
hegri
dabove
(b)Statet henameoft hechemicalfamilytowhichPandQbel ong
(c)Wr i
tet heformulaofthecompoundf ormedbetweenPandV
(d)Compar ethemel ti
ngpointsofQandS.Expl ai
n
(e)Identif
yanel ementwhos eoxidedi ssol
vesinbothacidsandal
kali
s
(f)Writ
et heequat ionfort
hebur ni
ngofTi n excessair
(g)Us i
ngdot s( •
)andcr os
s( x)t
or epresentelect
rons,drawadi
agram t
oil
lus
trat
e
bondi
ng
i
nt he sulphideofQ
(h)Stateoneus eofelementX

23. Thegr i
dbel owrepr
esent
spar
toft
heper
iodi
ctabl
e.St
udyi
tandans
wert
he
ques
tionst
hatfol
low:

S R E X

Q Z M T V

(a)(
i)Identi
fyt
heelementthatgai
nselectronsmos tr
eadi
ly
(
ii
)Whi chofthemetali
smos treact
ive?Explai
n
(
ii
i)Whatnamei sgi
vent othefamil
yofel ementst
owhichel
ement
sXandT
bel
ong?
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 28
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
(
iv)Explai
nwhy:-
(I
)Ionicradi
usofQi slar
gert
hanthatofM
(I
I)At
omicradiusofQi
sgreatert
hant
hatofS
(
v)Whi choftheelementinthet
abl
edoesnothavetheabi
li
tyt
ofor
m ani
oni
cor
coval
ent
bond? Expl
ain
(
vi)Gi
vethefor
mulaofthecompoundf
ormedbet
weenRandZ

24. Thegri
dbelowispartoft
heperiodi
ctabl
e.Theelement
sarenotrepresent
edbyt
hei
r
act
ualsymbol
s. Usetheinf
ormati
ontoanswerthequest
ionst
hatfol
low.

a)( i
)Whi chist hemos treacti
ve
(I
)Non—met al
? *
Explain
(II
)Met al?
Explain
(ii)Namet hefamilytowhi chelement
sTandQbel ongs.
(ii
i)Writet heformulaofthecompoundf ormedwhenW react
swi t
hS.
(iv)Namet het ypeofbondands tr
uct
ureformedwhenelementsRandKr eact
.
(v)Explainwhyel ementNdoes n’
tfor
m compoundswit
hotherelement
s.
(
vi)Compar etheat omicradiiofTandQ.Explai
n.

25. Studyt
hedatagi
veni
nthef
oll
owi
ngtabl
eandans
wert
heques
tionst
hatf
oll
ow.The
l
ett
ers
ar
enottheact
uals
ymbol
sofel
ements
.

El
ement Numberofpr
otons Mel
ti
ngpoint BptoC
A 11 98 890
B 1
2 650 11
10
C 1
3 60 2470
D 1
4 1410 2360
E 1
5 442 280
590
F 1
6 11
3 445
11
9
G 1
7 -101 -35
H 1
8 -189 -
186

(
i)Stateandexplai
nthetrendinmel ti
ngpoi nti
nABC
(
ii)Expl
ainwhythemelti
ngpoi ntandboi l
ingpoint
sofelementDisthehighes
t
(
iii
)Explai
nwhytheelementr epresent
edbyl et
terEhastwomelti
ngpointval
ues
(
iv)Wr i
tedownthechemicalformulabetweenel ementCands ul
phat
eions
ForMoreE- Resour cesCal l0705525657 29
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
(v)Namethechemicalf
amil
yinwhichHbel ongands t
ateoneuseoftheelement
(vi
)Whatisthenatur
eoftheoxideoftheelementsrepresent
edbyl
etter
sCandF ?
26. AnelementW hasanatomicnumber13.
a)Writet
heelect
roni
cconfi
gurat
ionofthemos ts
tableionofW
b)Wr i
tet
heformulaoft
heoxideoftheelementW

27. I
dentif
ythepart
iclesthatf
aci
lit
atet
heelect
ri
cconducti
vityoft
hefol
lowi
ngs
ubs
tances
(i
)Sodium met
al
(i
i)Sodi
um Chl
orides ol
uti
on
(
ii
i)Molt
enLeadBr omide
28. Comparewithar easontheatomicr
adi
usofSodium t
ot hatofAl
uminum.

29. St
udyt
hei
nfor
mat
ioni
nthet
abl
ebel
owandans
wert
heques
tionst
hatf
oll
ow:

I
on No.ofpr
otons No.ofel
ect
rons
P3- 7 1
0
Q+ 1
9 1
8
R2+ 1
2 1
0

a)Wri
tetheel
ectr
onarr
angementofel
ementP.
b)Gi
vethegroupandperi
odtowhichel
ement
sQandRr
espect
ivel
y.
Q……………………………………………………
R……………………………………………………

30. Et
hanoli
sal
iqui
datr
oom t
emper
atur
ebutdoesnotconductel
ect
ri
cit
y.Expl
ain.

31
. Electroni cconf igurationf orel ement srepresentedbyP,Q,RandSar e:-
P=2. 8.6,Q=2. 8. 2,R=2. 8.1D=2. 8.8.
(a)Sel ectt heel ementwhi chf orms
(i)Adoubl echar gedi on
(ii)As olubl ecar bonat e
32. Thet ablebel owgi vesi nf ormat i
ononf ourelement sbylettersK,L,M andN.St udy
i
t
andans wert heques tionst hatf ol
low.Thel ettersdonotr epresenttheactual
symbolof
theel ement s.
Element El ectronar rangement At omi cradi us(nm) I onicradius(nm)
K 2.8.2 0.136 0.065 (a)
Which L 2.8.7 0.
099 0.1
81 two
M 2. 8.8. 1 0.
203 0.133
N 2. 8.8. 2 0.174 0.099
element shaves imilarpr oper ties ?Expl ain
(b)Whati st hemos tlikel yf or
mul aoft heoxi deofL?
(c)Whi chel ementi snon- met al?Expl ain
33. St udyt hei nformat iongi venbel owandans wert heques ti
onst hatf
ollow:
Element At omi cradi us I
onicradius(nm) F or mulaofoxi
de Mel t
ingpoi
ntofoxide
o
(
nm) (C)
A 0.364 0.421 A2O -1
19
D 0.830 0.71
1 DO2 837
E 0.592 0.485 E2O3 1466
G 0.381 0.446 G2O5 242
J 0.762 0.676 JO 1054
(
i)Wr
it
etheformulaoft
hecompoundfor
medwhenJcombi
nedwi
thG
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 30
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
(
b)Expl
ainwhyt
hemel
ti
ngpoi
ntoft
heoxi
deofEi
shi
ghert
hant
hatoft
heoxi
deofG

Chemi
calf
ami
li
es
1
. Studytheinfor
mati
oninthetablebelowandans wertheques ti
onst hatfol
low:
Element At omicradi
us(nm) Ioni cradi
us( nm)
W 0.
114 0.195
X 0.
072 0.136
Y 0.
133 0.216
Z 0.
099 0.181
(a)Wouldthesefor
m partofamet al
li
coranon- metall
icgroup?Explain
(b)Suggestanelementinthetabl
eabovelikelytobet hemos treacti
ve.Explai
n

2 Stat
ethereasonforusi
ngAr goninelectr
icl
ightbul
bs
3. St
udytheinformat
ionint hetabl
ebelowandans wert heques
tionst
hatf
oll
ow.
Thel
etters
donotrepr
esenttheactualsymbolsoftheelements
.
El
ement El ectr
onicconfi
gurat
ion Boili
ngpoint
X 2.7 -188oC
Y 2.8.7 -35oC
Z 2.8.8.
7 59oC

(a)Whati st hegener alnamegi vent ot hegr oupi nwhi cht heelement sX,YandZ
belong?
(b)Sel ectt woel ement swhi char ecol ouredgas es
(c)Expl ainwhyZhast hehi ghes tboi l
ingpoi nt
(d)Wr iteanequat ionf orther eactionofel ementZwi t
hi ronmet al
(e)El ementYwasdi s
s olvedi nwat erandapi eceofbl uel it
muspaperwasputi nt
othe
resulting
s olut ion.St ateandexpl aint heobs ervat i
ont hatwasmadeont helitmuspaper
4. Thet abl ebel ows howsel ement sA,B,C,E,F ,andG.El ementsi ngr oupXhavea
valency
of2whi l
eel ement singr oupYhaveaval encyof1 .Us ethet abletoanswerthe
ques t
ions
thatf ol l
ow: -
GROUPX GROUPY
Element A B C E F G
At omi cr adi us( nm) 1 4.0 19.5 19.7 5. 2 7.9 11
.3
Ioni cr adius( nm) 7. 6 10.5 12.4 1 2.6 16.1 19.
6
(i)At omi cr adi usincr eas esfrom At oCandf r
om Et oG.Explai n
(ii)Expl aint hedi f
ferencei ntheat omi candi oni cradiiofgroupXel ements
(iii
)El ement sCandGbel ongt ot hes ameper iod.Explainwhyt heatomicradi
usofC
is
gr eatert hant hatofG
(iv)Gi vet hef or mulaoft hecompoundf ormedwhenBandFr eact
(v)Whatt ypeofbondi ngi sf ormedi nt hecompoundabove?Expl ai
n
(vi)St ar t
ingwi tht hel eas treact i
ve,ar ranget heel ement singr oupYi ntheorderof
reactivity.
Expl ain:
5. Thei nfor mat ioni nt het abl ebel owr elatest oel ement sint hesamegr oupofthe
periodi ct abl e.
St udyi tandans wert heques tiont hatfol l
ows .

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 31
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

El
ement At omic s i
ze(nm)
P 0.19
Q 0.23
R 0.15
Whichelementhast
hehi ghestioni
zati
onener
gy?Expl
ain
6. Star
ti
ngwi t
hLead(I
I)carbonateexplai
nhowyouwouldprepar
eapur
esampl
eof
Lead(I
I)sul
phat
e

7. a)Whatis an i
sot
ope?
b)AnelementQcons i
stsof3isot
opesofmass28,29,30andpercent
ageabundance
of92.
2,
4.
7,3.1res
pecti
vel
y.Deter
minetherel
ati
veatomi
cmassoftheelement
?

8. Studytheinf
ormat
ioninthetablebelowandans wertheques
tionst hatf
oll
ow.
(Thelet
ter
sdonotr epr
esenttheactuals ymbol softheel
ement s
)
El
ement Elect
ronicconf igur
ati
on Ionizati
onenergy
Kj/mol
)
P 2.2 1
800
Q 2.8.2 1
450
R 2.8.8.
2 1
150

(
a)Whati
sthegener
alnamegi
vent
othegr
oupi
nwhi
chel
ement
sP,QandRbel
ong?

(b)Expl
ainwhyPhasthehi
ghestionizat
ionenergy
(
c)Wri
teabal
ancedchemicalequati
onforther
eact
ionbet
weenel
ementQand
wat
er

St
ruct
ureandbondi
ng
1. Ethanolisal i
quidatr oom temperaturebutdoesnotconductel ect
ri
cit
y.Expl
ain.
2. a)Di st
ingui
shbet weenacoval entbondandaco- or
dinatebond.
b)Dr awadi agram tos howbondingi nanammoni um ion.(N=7,H=1 )
3. a)Expl ainwhyt hemet al
smagnes ium andaluminium aregoodconduct or
sof
el
ect
rici
ty.
b)Ot herthancos t,givetworeasonswhyal uminium isus edformakingelect
ri
ccabl
es
whi
le
magnes ium isnot .
4. Expl ainwhyt heboi l
ingpointofethanolishi
ghert hant hatofhexane.
(Relati
vemol ecularmas sofethanolis46whi l
et hatofhexanei s86).
5. a)Whati s meantby dat i
ve covalentbond?

6. Sodi um andMagnesium belongt

ot hesameper iodont heperiodictableandbot
hare
met
als
.
Expl
ainwhymagnes i
um isabetterconductorofelect
rici
tythans odium.
7. Us i
ngdotsandcros
sest orepres
entelectrons,drawthes t
ructuresoft hef
oll
owi
ng:

(
a)Phosphorouschlor
ide(PCl3)
(b)Hydr
oxonium ion H3O+)
(
8. Bet weenalumini
um andcopperwhi choneisabetterconduct
or?Expl
ain
9. Wat erhasaboi l
ingpointof100oCwhil
ehydrogenchlor
idehasaboili
ngpoi
ntof-
15oC.
1
Expl
ain

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 32
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

10. Expl ai
nwhyluminousfl
amei scapabl
eofgivingoutli
ghtands oot
11. Whenblueli
tmuspaperisdippedinas ol
uti
onofaluminium chl
orideitt
urnsred.
Explai
n
12. Car bonandSili
conareinthes amegroupoft heperi
odi
ct abl
e.Sili
con(I
V)Oxide
mel t
s
at2440oCwhilesoli
dCarbon( I
V)Oxidesublimesat-70oC.Intermsofstr
uctur
e
and
bondi
ng,expl
ainthi
sdif
ference

1
3. El
ementAhasanat omi
cnumberof6andbhasanat omi
cnumberof9:
(i
)Writ
etheel
ectr
onarrangementsforel
ement
sAandB
(i
i)Us
ingdot(
)andcross(X)di
agram,showhowAandBcombi
netoforma
compound

1
4. (a)Explainwhyaluminium isabet t
erconductorofelectr
ici
tyt hanmagnes ium
(b)Othert hancostandabi l
it
yt oconduct
,givear easonwhyal uminium i
sus edfor
making
cabl eswhil
emagnes ium isnot
15. Expl ai
nhowel ect
ri
calconductivi
tycanbeus edt odist
inguis
hbet weenmagnes ium
oxi
deand
sil
icon(IV)oxide
16. a)Thedi agram belowrepresentspartoft
hes truct
ureofs odium chlori
decr yst
al

Theposit
ionofoneoft hesodium i
onsi nt
hecr yst
aliss hownas ;
i
)Ont hedi agram,markt heposit
ionsoftheot hert hreesodium i
ons
i
i)Themel tingandboili
ngpoi nt
sofs odi
um chloridear e801Cand1 41
3Cr
espect
ivel
y.
Explai
n
whys odium chl
ori
dedoesnotconductel ectricit
yat25C,butdoesnotat
temperatures
between801 Cand1 413C
b)Givear easonwhyammoni agasi shighlysolublei nwater
c)Thes tructur
eofammoni um i
oni sshownbel ow;
H +

H H
H
Namethetypeofbondrepr
es entedi nthediagr
am byN H
d)Car
bonexist
sindif
fer
entcrystall
ineforms.Someofthes
efor
mswer
erecent
ly
di
scover
ed
insootandarecal
ledf ul
lerenes
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 33
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
i)Whatnamei sgivent odi ff
erentcr yst
all
ineformsoft hesameel ement
ii
)Fullerenesdi ss
ol veinmet hylbenzenewhi l
et heot herformsofcarbondonot.Given
thatsooti s
ami xtur eoff uller
enesandot hersoli
dfor msofcar bon,descri
behowcrys
t al
sof
f
ull
erenescan
beobt ainedfr om s oot
ii
i)Ther elativemol ecularmas sofoneoft hef ul
lerenesis720.Whati sthemol
ecular
massof
thisfullerene
1
7. ( a)Explaint hef ol
lowi ngobs ervations:
-
(i
)NaClal l
owsel ectri
ccur renttopas sthrought hem inmoltens t
ate
(i
i)Gr aphi teisanon- metalyeti ti
saconduct orofelectr
ici
ty
1
8. St udyt het ablebel owandans wert heques ti
onst hatfoll
ow:-

Substance A B C D E F
o
Melt
ingPoint(C) 801 1
13 -
39 5 -
101 1
356
1
19
o
Boi
li
ngpoi nt( C) 1
410 445 457 54 -36 2860
El
ectr
ical Soli
d Poor Poor Good Poor Poor Poor
Conducti
vity li
quid Good Poor Good Poor Poor Poor

IIdenti
fywithreasonst hes ubst
ancesthat:
(i
)Haveamet all
icstructure
(1
½mk)
(i
i)Haveamol ecularstructureandexistintheli
quidstat
eatroom temperat
ureand
pres
sure(
(i
ii
)Sugges tareasonwhys ubs
tanceBhast womel ti
ngpoint
s
(i
v)SubstancesAandCconductel ectri
ccurrenti
nt heli
qui
ds t
ate.St
atehowthetwo
subst
ances
dif
ferasconduct orsofelectr
iccurrent
*

19. ( I)Sodi um met altar

nis heswhenexpos edt ot heai rwher eawhi t
epowderi sf or med
onits
surf
ace.As mallpieceoft hiss odi um met alwasdr oppedi nto25gofet hanoland
3
1200cm
ofhydr ogengaswasevol vedatr .t.p.Theunr eactedet hanolwasevapor atedand
awhi t
e
soli
dr emained. ( Na=23,mol argasvol umeatr .t.p=24dm3,C=1 2,O=1 6,H=1)
(
a)Wr iteachemi calequat ionfort her eact ionbet weenet hanolands odium met al
(
b)Det erminet hemas sofs odi
um t hatr eact edwi thet hanol
(
c)Whatmas sofethanolevapor ated?
(
d)Theet hanolwasevapor atedat80oC,whi let hewhi tes olidremainedunaf fectedat
thi
s
temper at
ure.Whati sthedi f
ferencei ns tructureofet hanolandt hewhi tes oli
d?
(
II)(a)Nameani norganicl i
quidwhi chl iber at eshydr ogengaswi thsodium met al
(b)Whatt wodiff
er enceswoul dyouobs er vei fsimilarpi ecesofs odium wer e
dropped
separatel
yi ntos mallbeaker scont aini ngequalamountofet hanolandt he
l
iquid
namedi n(II)(
a)above r espec t
ivel y
(
III)(a)Givet henameoft hewhi tepowderf or medont heor igi
nalpi
eceofs odium
metal
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 34
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
(b)Expl
ainhowthewhitepowdernamedin(II
I)
(a)i
sf or
med
20. Thegr i
dbelowrepr
esent
spar toft
heperi
odi
ctable.Thelett
ersdonotr epr
esent
act
ual
symbolsoftheel
ements.Studyi
tandanswerthequestionsthatf
oll
ow:-

F P G N I
Q J K L M
N X-Z

(a)Whattypeofbondwoul dyouexpecti nt hecompoundf ormedbetweenHandF .

Explai
n
(b)(i
)Whi choft heelement sJandM wi l
lhaveagr eat
erat omicradi
us?Expl
ain
(
ii
)Element sFandNar eint hes amegr oupofper iodi
ct abl
e.Howdot hei
ratomic
radiuscompar e? Expl ain
(c)AnelementW hasat omicnumber1 5.Indi cat
et hepos i
ti
oni twoul
doccupyinthe
tableabove
(d)Whatist henamegi ventoel ement sX–Z?
(e)WhyisJus edi nelectri
ccabl eswher eQi snot
(f)PandJar etermedasmet all
oi ds.Whatdoest heterm met al
loi
dmean?
(g)Howwoul dyouexpectt her eactivit
yofHandM t ocompar e?Expl
ain
21. (a)Partoft heper i
odictableisgi venbel ows t
udyi tandans werthequesti
onsthat
fol
low.
Thel ett
er sdonotr epresentt heact ualelement s

Y Z

A B

(
i)Whatt ypeofbondisfor
medwhenYr eact
swithZ.Expl
ain
(
ii
)Explainthedif
fer
enceintheat
omicradiiofel
ementAandB
(
ii
i)Explai
nthediff
erencei
nthereact
ivi
tyofZandB

(
b)St
udythei
nformati
onint
hetabl
ebelowandanswerthequest
ionst
hatfol
low:
(Thel
ettersdonotr
epr
esentt
heactuals
ymbolsoftheel
ements)
-
1
El
ement El ectronicconf i
guration Ioni zat
ionener gyKJmol
P 2:1 519
Q 2:8:1 494
R 2:8:8:1 418
(i
)Whati smeantbyi onizationener gy?
(
ii
)ElementRhast hel owes tionizati
onener gy.Explai
n
(i
ii
)Whenapi eceofel ementQi splacedonwat eritmeltsandahi ss
ings
oundi
s
pr
oduced
asitmovesont hewat ers urf
ace.Explai
nt heseobs ervati
ons
(i
v)Wr i
tetheequat
ionf ort her eacti
onbet weenel ementQandwat er
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 35
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

22. Thetablebelows howstheelement

sinthethi
rdperiod,t
heoxi
desofthet
hir
dperiod
andtheirproper
ties.Thelett
ersar
enottheactuals
ymbolsoft
heelement
s.Study
theinf
ormationandans wer
t
heques t
ionsthatfoll
ow:

El
ement Atomic At omi c Oxi
de St
ateat oxi
demel t
ingpoi
nt
number r
adi us(nm) RT ºC
M 1
1 0.1
91 M2O Sol
id 1
132
N ……… 0. 1
60 NO Sol
id 2852
……
P 13 0. 1
30 ……… Sol
id 2072
Q 14 0.1
18 QO2 ………. 1610
R ……… 0.1
10 ……… Sol
id 580
S 16 0. 1
02 SO2 ……… -
75
T 17 0.099 TO2 Gas -
60
V 18 0.095 X X X
a)i
)Compl
etethetabl
e above
ii
)Expl
aint
hetrendintheat
omi
cradi
usacr
osst
heper
iod

i
ii
)Expl
ainwhy t
he oxi
de ofel
ementV does notexi
st

b)Namethet
ypeofs
truct
ureandbondint
hef
oll
owi
ngoxi
de
Oxi
de Str
uctur
e Bond t
ype
NO

TO2

i
i)Us
ingdot
sandcr
oss
est
orepr
esentel
ect
rons
.Showt
hebondi
ngi
ntheoxi
de,
QO2
c)i
)Expl
ain why el
ements P conduc
ts el
ectri
cit
ybutT does not
i
i)Theoxi
deofPr eact
sbothacidsandalkal
is.Gi
vethenameofthiski
ndofoxi
de

23. Thet
abl
ebel
owgi
vesi
nfor
mat
ionaboutel
ement
sA1,A2,A3 andA4

El
ement At
omi
cnumber At
omi
cradi
us(
nm) I
oni
cradi us(nm)
A1 3 0.1
34 0.74
A2 5 0.
090 0.01 2
A3 13 0.1
43 0.050
A4 17 0.
099 0.1
81

(i
)Inwhi chper iodoftheper iodi
ctableisel
ementA2?Givear eas
on
(i
i)Expl
ainwhyt heatomicradiusof:
I
. A1isgr eaterthanthatofA2
II
.A4iss mallerthanitsionicradi
us
II
I.Selecttheel ementwhi chisinthes amegroupasA3
IV.Usi
ngdot s()andcr os s(x)torepr
esentouter
mostelect
rons,dr
awadi
agr
am t
o
show
t
he bondi nginthecompoundf or
medwhenA1r eact
swithA4
24. Theat omicnumberofel ementPi s11andthatofQis8
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 36
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
a)Wr i
tedownthepos si
blefor
mul
aoft hecompoundfor
medbetweenPandQ
b)Usingdots(
·)andcrosses(
x)t
or epres
entel
ectr
onsdrawadiagr
am t
o
r
epr
es entt
he
bondi
ngint hecompoundin(a)above

25. Namet het

ypeofbondingands
truct
uref
oundi
n:-
(a)I
ce
(b)Magnes
ium chl
ori
de
26. Namet het
ypeofbondingands
truct
uref
oundi
n:-
(a)I
ce
(b)Magnes
ium chl
ori
de

27. Us
ethes
chemet
oans
wert
heques
tionst
hatf
oll
ow:
Sol
idNchanges Sol
uti
onQ
H2SO4(aq)
f
rom yel
lowt
o
whi
te

HCl(aq)

Sol
uti
onL

(
a)I
dent if
ys ol
idN……………………………………………………………….
(
b)Wr i
teabal ancedequati
onforthefor
mationofQ
(
c)Wr i
tet heformul
aofthecomplexionformedwhens odi
um hydr
oxideisaddedt
o
soluti
onL i nexcess
28. (
a)Usingdot s()andcrosses(
x)torepres
entelect
ronsshowbondingin:
-
NH2(N=7,H=1 ) S8 ( S=16)
__
(b)ShowbondinginCar
bon(II
)Oxi
debyus eof( )or( )t
orepr
esentbonds.
29. I nter
msofs t
ruct
ureandbondi
ng,expl
ainwhydi
amondist
hehar
destnat
ural
ly
occur
ring
Subst
ance

30. Identi
fyt hebondtypesinthediagr
am
31. Element sA,B,C,andDar enotactuals
ymbols,haveatomicnumber
s19,9,1
2and10
respectivel
y.
(a)Whi chtwoelement srepr
esentnon-metal
s
(b)Writet hef
ormulaofthecompoundf or
medbet weenelementsBandCandident
it
y
the
bondpr esentinthecompound

32. (a)Dist
inguis
hbet weenacoval entanddativebond
(b)Explai
nwhyni trogengasreactswithoxygenatveryhight
emper
atur
e
33. Dr awa dot()andcr oss(
x)diagram t
os howbondingin:
-
(i)Ammoni um i
on( NH4+
(
N=7. 0,H=1 )
(ii
)Sil
ane ( SiH4)

(
Si=1
4,H=1)
34. Bel
owi
satabl
eoxi
desofs
omeper
iodt
hreeel
ement
s

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 37
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
Oxides Na2O P4O6 SO2 Cl
2O
State atr
oom Soli
d Soli
d Gas Gas
temp

(
a)Givethesys
temat
icnameofCl2O
(
b)Expl
ainwhyNa2Oexi
stsasas
ol i
dwher
easSO2 i
sagasatr
oom t
emper
atur
e

35. Thetablebelows howspropert

iesofperi
odthreechlori
des
Formularofcompound NaCl MgCl2 AlCl3 Si
Cl4
o o o o o
Bp C 1
470C 1 420C 180C 60C
Expl
ainwhyAl Cl
3 sol
idhasamu chl
owerb oi
li
ngpointthanMgCl2sol
id

Sal
ts
1
. St
udythefl
owchartbel
owandanswert
heques
tionsthatf
oll
ow:
Gas
St
ep
Copper 1 Blue
(
1)Heat s
olut
ion
(
2)ReagentZ
St
ep2

Bl
ue
Cr
yst
als

Heat St
ep3

Whi
teSol
id

a)Namer eagentZ.
b)Des cribet hepr ocesswhi chtakesplacei
nstep2.
c)Identifythewhi t
es oli
d.
2. a)St artingf r
om s oli
dmagnes i
um oxide,des
cri
behowas ol
ids
ampleofmagnes
ium
hydr
oxide
canbepr epar ed.
b)Giveoneus eofmagnes i
um hydroxi
de.
3. St art
ingwi t
hl ead( I
I)oxide,descri
behowyouwoul dprepar
eas ol
ids
ampleof
l
ead( II)Carbonat e
4. St udyt hedi agram belowandans werthequest
ionsthatf
oll
ow:

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 38
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

(
a)Namethetwosalt
sformedi
ntubeA
(
b)Stat
etheobs
ervati
onsmadeintubeC
(
c)NamegasP

5. St
udyt
hei
nfor
mat
ioni
nthet
abl
ebel
owandans
wert
heques
tionst
hatf
oll
ow:
-

PARTI
CLE MASS NUMBER NUMBEROF NUMBEROF
NUMBER OF NEUTRONS ELECTRONS
PROTONS
E 37 17 (i) 1
8
F 32 (i
i) 16 1
6
G (
ii
i) 19 20 1
8
H 40 20 (
iv) 1
8

(a)Complet
et hetablebyfi
ll
inginthebl anks paces(i
),(ii
)(i
ii
),and(i
v)
(b)I
denti
fythepar t
icl
eswhichareelectrical
lycharged
6. Sodi um CarbonateDecahydratecrys
talswer eleftexposedonawat chglas
sfort
wo
days
.
a)Stat
etheobs ervati
onsmadeont hecr ys t
alsaft
ertwodays.
b)Namethepr opertyofsal
tsinvest
igatedi ntheaboveexperiment

7. St artingwi
thsodi
um oxi
de,des cri
behowas ampleofcryst
alsofsodi
um hydr
ogen
carbonat
e
maybepr epared
8. I nanexper i
ment,ammonium chlori
dewasheatedintest-
tube.Amoistredli
tmus
paper
placedatthemouthoftes
tfirstchangedbl
uethenred.Explai
ntheseobservat
ions
:-

9.Usingdot s(•)andcr oss( x),showt hes tr

uctureofammoni um ion
10. a)Gi vet henameofeachoft hepr oces s
esdes cribedbel
owwhi chtakesplacewhen
sal
tsare
expos edt oai rfors omet i
me
i)Anhydr ouscoppers ulphatebecomeswet
ii)Magnes i
um chl ori
def ormsanaqueouss ol
ution
iii
)Freshcr ystalsofs odi um carbonat e,Na2CO3.10H2Obecomecoveredwi t
hwhi t
e
powder
offormul aNa2CO3. H2O
b)Wr itethef ormul aoft hecompl exi onformedi neachoft hef
oll
owingreacti
ons
descr
ibed
below;
i
)Zi ncmet aldissolvesinhotal kali
nes ol
ution
i
i)Copperhydr oxidedi ssolvesexces sammoni asol
ution
11 (a)Wr i
teanequat iont os howt heef fectofheatont heni
trateof
:-
(i)Potas si
um
(ii
)Si l
ver

12. (
a)Theschemebel
ows howss omer eact
ionss
tar
ti
ngwi
thmagnes
ium oxi
de.St
udyi
t
and
answert
heques
tionsthatfol
low:-

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 39
 i
sabokemi
Aqueous
cah@gmai
l.
com
Magnesi
u Wat
er Aqueous Boi
l
Magnesiu
m Oxi
de m STEP2 Magnesiu Pr
oduc
t
STEP1 STEP3
hydr
oxide m s
hydr
oxide
STEP4

Aqueous Magnes iu
Magnes i
u m
m STEP5 Car bonat e
Chlori
de
(i)Namet her eagentsus edi ns teps2and4
(ii
)Wr i
teanequat i
onf ort her eact i
oni ns t
ep3
(ii
i)Des cribehowas oli
ds ampl eofanhydr ousmagnes ium carbonat eisobtai
nedin
step5
13. I nt hepr epar ati
onofmagnes ium car bonate,magnes ium wasbur nti nairandthe
product
collected.Di lutesulphur i
caci dwast henaddedandt hemi xtur
ef i
lteredandcooled.
Sodi um car bonatewasaddedt ot hef i
ltr
ateandt hecont entsfil
tered.Ther esi
duewas
thenwas hedanddr iedt ogi veawhi tepowder .
(a)Gi vet henameoft hepr oduct
(b)Wr i
tet hechemi calequat i
onf ort hef or
mat i
onoft hepr oduct
(c)( i
)Namet hef i
ltr
atecol l
ect edaf t
ers odium carbonatewasadded.
(i
i)Wr itedownt hechemi calfor mulaoft hewhi t
epowder
(d)Wr i
teachemi calequat i
onf ort her eacti
onbet weenpr oductin( a)andt heaci
d
(e)Wr i
teani onicequat iont os howt hef ormati
onoft hewhi tepowder .
(f)Wr it
eanequat iont os howwhathappenswhent hewhi tepowderi sstr
onglyheat
ed.

(
g)I
denti
fyt
hei
onspresenti
nt hef
il
trat
eaf
teraddit
ionofsodi
um car
bonate.
(
h)Whatist
henamegiventothereacti
ont
hattakesplacewhensodium car
bonat
e
was
added t
othefi
lt
rate?
(
i)
Explai
ntheobser
vati
onsmadewhencr
yst
alsofs
odi
um car
bonat
edecahydr
atear
e
l
eft
expos ed tot heat mos pherefort wodays
14. a)Gi vet henameofeachoft hepr ocessesdes cribedbelowwhi chtakesplacewhen
sal
tsare
expos edtoai rfors omet i
me
i)Anhydr ouscoppers ulphatebecomeswet
ii
)Magnes ium chlori
def ormsanaqueouss ol
ution
ii
i)Fres hcr yst
alsofs odi um carbonate,Na2CO3. 10H2Obecomecover edwi t
hwhi te
powder
off ormulaNa2CO3. H2O
15. Youar eprovidedwi tht hefoll
owing:-s ol
idlead( I
I)nit
rate,magnesi
um oxide
powder,
dilutesulphuric(VI)acid anddi st
il
ledwat er
.Describehowyoucanpr eparea
drysample
ofl ead(II
)s ul
phat e
16. Us et hes chemet oans wert heques tionsthatfollow:
Sol
idNchanges Sol
uti
onQ
H2SO4(aq)
f
rom yel
lowt
o
whi
te

HCl(aq)
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 40

Sol
uti
onL
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

(
a)I
denti
fysol
idN……………………………………………………………….
(
b)Wri
teabalancedequati
onf
orthefor
mati
onofQ
(
c)Wri
tetheformul
aofthecompl
exionfor
medwhens
odi
um hydr
oxi
dei
saddedt
o
solut
ionL i nexces
s

17. Whenexpos edtoair,cr

yst
alsofhydr
ateds odium car
bonat
elos
eswat
erof
crys
tal
li
zat
ions;
-
(i
)Namet hi
sproces
s
(i
i)Writ
ethefor
mulaofhydrat
edsodium carbonate

1
8. As tudentpour edsodium iodi
des olut
ionintoasmallport
ionofsol
uti
onQ,ayel l
ow
pr eci
pitate wasformed.
(i
)Whi chi onwasmos tl
ikelyinsoluti
onQ?
(i
i)Wr i
teani onicequati
onl eadi
ngt ot hefor
mati
onoft heyel
lowprecipi
tat
e
1
9. Calcium oxidecanbeus e1dasas oliddr yi
ngagentf
ors omelabor
atorygases.Explai
n

20. Api eceofmar blechipswass t

rongl
yheat edinairforabout30minutes
.Somedr ops
ofwat
er
wereaddeddr opbydr optot heproductwheni twass t
il
lwar
m.
Usingequation,expl ai
n:
(i
)Whathappenswhent hepi
eceofmar blechipsisheated?
(
ii
)Ther eactiont hattakesplacewhenwat erisaddedt othef
inalwarm pr
oduct
.

21
. St
udyt
hef
lowchar
tbel
owandans
wertheques
tionst
hatf
oll
ow
Br
owngasB
Heat owwhenhotDi
lut
eHNO3(aq)
SOLI
DA Sol
idK Yel
l
Whitewhencol
d Col
our
les
ssol
uti
on
M
Col
our
lessgas
a)I dentify; C
i)gas esC andB
ii)Ionsl i
kelytobepr esentedins olidA
22. Pot assium nitr
atecrystalsinatest-tubewer eheateds t
ronglyforsometime.State
the
obs ervati
onmade:
(a)Whenagl owingsplintisint
roducedi ntothetest
-tubedur i
ngtheheating
(b)Att heendoft heheat ing
23. Namet hepr ocesswhicht akesplacewhen:
(a)Anhydr ousiron(II
I)chlorideabsorbwat ervapourfr
om t heairtofor
ms olut
ion
(b)Zi ncchl ori
devapourchangesdi rectl
ytozi ncchl
ori
des oli
d
24. (a)St ar t
ingforms ol
idmagnes i
um oxide,des cri
behowas oli
dsampl eofmagnesium
hydroxidecanbepr epared
(b)Gi veoneus eofmagnes i
um hydroxide

25. Thedi agr

am bel
owr
epr
esent
sas
et-
upt
hatwasus
edt
oshowt
hatpar
tofai
rsus
ed
dur
ingbur
ning

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 41
 Gasj
ar
i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

Bur
ningcandl
e

Sodi
um hydr
oxi
de

(
a)St
atet
wos
our
cesofer
ror
sint
hisex
per
iment

26. I nanexper i
mentt hef ollowings olidswerepr ovidedtoformt
hrees tudents
;Ca(NO3)
2(
s),
NaH2PO4(s);Mg(OH) Cl(
s)a ndF e(NH4)2(
SO4) 2.6H2O.Theywer
et hent ol
dtodissol
ve
the
givens ol
idsindi f
ferent l
yi n20mlofwat er.
(a)Classif
yt hegivens al t
saccor dingly
(b)( i
)Explainthepr oces swhi cht akesplacewhenF eCl3i
sdi
ssolvedi nwater
(i
i)As tudentplacedamoi s tl
itmuspaperont heproducti
n(i
)above.St at
eand
expl
ainthe
observationmade

Ef
fectofanel
ect
ri
ccur
rentons
ubs
tances
1. Theset-upwasus
edt
oel
ect
rol
yseLead(
II
)br
omi
de.St
udyi
tandans
wert
he
ques
tions
thatf
oll
ow;

Bul
b
Anode
Cat
hode

Mol
tenLead(I
I) Car
bon
bri
omide

(
a)Wri
teanioni
cequat
ionforthereact
iont
hatoccur
redatt
hecat
hode
(
b)St
ateandexplai
nwhathappenedattheanode

2. Whenanel ectr
iccur
rentwaspas sedt hroughtwomoltens
ubstancesEandFin
separ
ate
vol
tammet er
s.Theobs er
vati
onsr ecordedbelowweremade:-
Subst
ance Obs ervat
ion Typeofst
ruct
ure
E Conductselect
ri
ccur rentandagasi s
for
medatoneoft heel ectr
odes
F Conductsanelectri
ccur rentandisnot
decompos ed

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 42
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
Compl et
et het ableabove
3. ( a)Dif
ferentiatethefol
lowi
ngt er ms:-
El
ectrolyteandnon- el
ectrolyte
(b)Thediagr am belowisas et-upus edt
oinves
tigatet
heconducti
vit
yofel
ectr
ic
cur
rent
bys ome aqueouss olution.Studyi
tandans wert
hequesti
onsthatf
oll
ow;

Bul
b
Beaker

Graphi
te
rods Subs
tancet
obet
est
ed

(
i)St
atet
heobs
ervat
ionmadeont
hebul
bwheneachoft
hef
oll
owi
ngs
olut
ionwer
e
put
ontothebeak er
(
a)Sugars oluti
on
(
b)(i
)Salts oluti
on
(i
i)Class i
fythesubs
tancei
n(i
)abov
easei
therel
ect
rol
yteornon-
elect
rol
yte

(
b)I
fintheaboves et
-upofapparat
us,t
hes ubst
ancet
obet est
edisLeadIIBr
omi
de,
whatmodif
icati
on shouldbeincl
udedintheset
-up?
(
c)Wr i
teanIonicequat
ionattheelect
rodesandst
atetheobs
ervati
on:
-

Anode

4. ( a)Thedi
agram bel
ows howst
hesetupus
edt
oinves
tigat
etheef
fectofanel
ect
ri
c
cur
rent
onmolt
enlead ( I
I)bromi
de

i
.Explai
nwhathappenst otheleadIIbromideduringelectrol
ysi
s
ii
.Whyi siti mportanttocarryouttheexperimentinaf umechamber ?
5. ( I)Defi
net hef oll
owingter
ms :
(a)Crystall
izat
ion
(b)(i
)Sal t
ingoutasus edi nsoapmaking
(
ii
)St arti
ngwi t
hbar i
um carbonat
es ol
id,dil
utesulphuri
caci
danddi
lut
eni
tr
ic
aci
d,
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 43
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
des
cri
be howyouwoul
dpr
epar
edr
ybar
ium s
ulphat
esol
id

(
ii
i)St
udyt
hes
chemebel
owandans
wert
heques
tionswhi
chf
oll
ow:
Colourl
ess
Heat Sol
idS Wat
er Col
ourles
s
gaswhi ch
T sol
uti
on
reli
ghts
glowing Bur non
(a)Identif
y; nichrome
(i
)Thecat ionpr es entins olidS w i
re
(i
i)Theani oni ns olidS Lil
ac
(
b)Wr i
teanequat i
ont os howhows olidSi sheatedinpr f
ocl
a
eme
ssT
(
iv)CopperI Ichl
or ides olut i
ondi s
s olvesinexces sammonias ol
utiontoform adeep
blue
sol
uti
on.Gi vethei onr es ponsibl
ef ort hedeepbl uesol
uti
on
(
v)As ol
ut i
onofhydr ogenchl or
idei sanel ectrol
ytebutasoluti
onofhydr ogen
chlor i
dein
methyl
benzenei nanon- el
ectrolyte.Explain
6. (i)StateF ar
aday’sf i
rstlawofel ect r
olysis
(
ii)Thediagr am bel ows howsas et-upusedfortheelectr
ol ys
isofmoltenLead
br
omi de:-

Swi
tch

PbBV2

Heat

Statetheobs ervat
ionsthatwoul dbemadeatt heanodeandcat hodeast he
elect
rolysi
spr ogr essed
7. ( a)(i
)Des cri
behowyouwoul dprepar epur ecr ys t
alsofl eadI Ini
trat
einthelaborat
ory
fr
om
leadI Ioxide
(
ii
)Wr i
teanequat i
onforther eactiont hatt akespl acein( a)(i
)above
(b)(i)Statewhathappenswhenl eadI Init
ratei ss tronglyheat ed
(ii
)Wr i
teanequat i
onfort her eactioninb( i)above
(c)(i
)St atewhati sobs er
vedwhenammoni as ol uti
oni sgr aduall
yaddedt oas ol
uti
on
of
leadI Ini
trat
euntiltheal kal
iisi nexces s
(i
i)Wr it
eani oni
cequationf orther eactiont hatt akespl acei n ( i
)above
8. Thedi agram s howanexper imentf orinves ti
gat ingel ectri
calconduct i
oninlead(I
I)
f
luoride.St udyitandans wert heques tionst hatf oll
ow:
Fl
owofel ectrons

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 44
Bul
b
Gas
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

Lead(
II
)fl
uor
ide

(
a)Ont hedi agram
(
i)Labelt heanodeandt hecat hode
(
ii)Showt hedirectionofmovementofel ectrons
(
iii)Compl etethedi agram byi ndicat
ingt hecondi ti
onthatismi s
s i
ngbutmus tbe
presentfor
electri
calconduct i
ont otakepl ace.
(
b)Whyi sitneces sarytoleaveagapbet weent hecorkandt heboi l
ingtube?
(
c)St atet heobs ervati
onst hatar eexpect edattheel ectr
odesdur i
ngel ect
ri
cal
conductionand
att heexper iment
(
d)Wr it
eequat ionsf orther eacti
onst hatt akeplaceattheel ectrodes
(
e)Whys houldt hisexperimentbecar r
iedouti naf umechamber ?
I
I.Thet abl ebelows howst heel ectri
calconduct i
vityofsubs t
anceA,BandC
Subs tance Sol ids t
ate Moltens tate Aqueouss oluti
on
A Conduct s Conduct s Notsoluble
B Does n’t Conduct s Conducts
conduct
C Does n’t Does n’
t Notsoluble
conduct conduct

(
a)Whichoneofthesubst ancei
sli
kel
ytobepl as
tic?
(
b)Expl
ainwhythesubstanceyouhavegivenin(a)abovebehavesi nthewayi
tdoes
(
c)Whichofthesubs
tancesi sli
kel
ytobesodium chlori
de?Expl
ain
(
d)Givethet
ypeofstructureandbondi
ngthatispr esenti
nsubstanceA

9. St
udyt
hedi
agr
am bel
owandus
eitt
oans
wert
heques
tionst
hatf
oll
ow:
-

A B

Lead(
II
)br
omi
de

Heat
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 45
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

(
a)Identi
fyelectr
odesAandB
(
b)Namet heproductformedattheanode
(
c)Wr it
et heelectrodehal
fequati
onofr eact
ionatelect
rodeA
1
0. Explai
nthedi f
ferencesinel
ectr
icalconducti
vit
ybetweenmelt
eds
odi
um chl
ori
deand
l
iqui
dmer cury

1
1.Bel
owi
spar
tofaf
lowdi
agr
am f
ort
hecont
actpr
oces
s:

(
a)Name:
I.Li
qui
dY……………………………………………………….
I
I.Li
qui
dN………………………………………………………….
(b)Wr i
tet
heequat
ionf
ort
her
eact
iont
aki
ngpl
acei
n;
I
.ChamberQ
I
I. ChamberR

12. I nanexperi
menttoinvesti
gatetheconducti
vit
yofsubs
tances
,as
tudentus
edt
hes
et-
upshown
bel
ow.
Thestudentnot
edthatthebulbdidnotlight
.
a)Whathadbeenomi tt
edi nthesetup.
b)Expl
ainwhythebulblightswhentheomi s
sioni
scorrect
ed.
Car
bonandi
tscompounds
1
. (
a)St
ateoneuseofgraphi
te
(
b)Bothgr
aphi
teanddiamondar
eallotr
opesofel
ementCar
bon.Gr
aphi
teconduct
s
el
ect
ri
cit
y
wher
easdiamonddoesnot
.Explai
n

2. Belowi
sas
impl
if
ieds
chemeofs
olvaypr
oces
s.St
udyi
tandans
wert
heques
tionst
hat
f
oll
ow:
Br
ine
PROCESS PROCESS PROCESS
I I
I I
II

Ammoni
a Sodium
sol
uti
on F
orMor
eE-
Res
our G
cesCaasR
l
l0705525657 Carbo4
n6
at
e
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

a)I
dent
if
ygasR.
b)Wri
teanequat
ionf
ortheproces
sIII
.
c)Gi
veoneuseofsodi
um car
bonate.

3. Abur ningmagnesi
um cont
inuestobur
ninsi
deagasj
arf
ullofcar
bon(
IV)oxi
de.
Expl
ain.
4. Thedi agr
am bel
ows howsajikowheninus
e

(a)Identi
fythegasformedatregi
onH
(b)Stateandexplaintheobs
ervat
ionmadeatregi
onG
5. Studythediagram bel
owandus ei
ttoanswert
hequest
ionst
hatf
oll
ow.

( a)St atet heobs ervati

onmadei nthecombus t
iont ube.
(b)Wr it
eanequat i
onf orther eacti
onthatt ookplacei nthecombus t
iont ube
( c)Gi veoneus eofP
6. ( a)Ident if
ytwos ubs tancet hatarereactedt oregenerateammoni agasi nt hesolvar
y
proces s
(b)Wr i
tedownabal ancedchemi calequationfort hereactionabove
7. Whent heoxideofel ementHwasheat edwithpowder edCar bon,themi xtureglowed
and
Carbon( IV)oxidewasf ormed.Whent heexper i
mentwasr epeatedus ingt heoxideof
elementJ,
therewasnoappar entr eacti
on
(a)Sugges tonemet hodt hatcanbeus edt oextractelementJf rom it
soxi de
(b)Ar ranget heel ement sH,JandCar boni norderoft heirdecreas ingr eacti
vit
y
8. ( i)Diamondands ili
con( IV)Oxidehaveacer tai
ns i
mil
ari
tyi ntermsofs t
ructureand
bonding.
Statei
t
(ii
)St ateoneus eofdi amond
9. ( a)Whati sallotr
opy?
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 47
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
(b)Di
amondandgr aphi
tear
eallotr
opesofCar bon.Intermsofstr
uct
ureandbondi
ng
explainwhygraphit
econductselectr
ici
tybutnotdi amond
1
0. Thediagram bel
ows howsacharcoalstovewithdif
ferentregi
ons

(a)Wri
teanequat
ionf
ort
hef
ormationoftheproducti
nr egi
onB
(b)Howwoul
doneavoidt
heproducti
onoftheproductatB?Givear
eas
onf
oryour
ans
wer

1
1. St
udyt
hedi
agr
am bel
owandans
wert
heques
tionst
hatf
oll
ow:

(a)Explai
ntheobser vati
onmadei nt hecombusti
ontubedur
ingt
heexper
iment
(b)Wr i
teanequationf orther eacti
onthattakespl
aceint
hecombus
tiont
ube
1
2. Diamondandgr aphitear eallotr
opesofcarbon:-
(a)Whati smeantbyal l
otropes?
(b)Howdot heydifferint heirstr
uctureandbonding
1
3. Studytheexperiment alset-upbelow:

Car
bon(
II
)
Oxi
de

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 48
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

a)St
atetwoobser
vati
onsmadei nthes etupastheexper
imentprogr
essed
b)Byuseofachemicalequat
ion,expl
ainthechangest
hatoccur
redintheboi
li
ng
t
ube
c)Whywasi
tneces
saryt
oburnt heexcessgas
?
1
4. Thedi
agr
am bel
owshowstheheati
ngcurveofapur
esubs
tance.St
udyi
tandans
wer
t
he
ques
tionst
hatf
oll
ow:

D W
444

K
at
Temper e
ur

B C
1
15
H
Y
A

(a)Whatphys
icalchangesaretakingpl
aceatHandW?
(b)WhatarethephysicT
ai
me
lst
atesofthesubstanceatYandK?
(c)Us
ingthes i
mplekineti
ctheoryofmatter
,explai
nwhathappenst
othes
ubs
tance
bet
ween

point
sAandC
(d)Thesubstanceundert esti
sdefi
nit
elynotwater
;Givear easonf
orthi
s
(e)Whatwoul dhappentot hemelti
ngpointoft
hissubstanceifi
twerecont
ami
nat
ed
wit
hs odium chlor
ide?
(f
)Whathappenst ot hetemperat
urebetweenpoint
sBandC?
1
5. Studytheset-upbelowandans werthequesti
onsthatfoll
ow:

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 49
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
(
a)(
i)NameGasX ………………………………………………………………
(
ii
)Statet heeffectofr el
eas inggasXt ot heenvironment
(
b)Wr it
edownequat ionsf orther eacti
onst aki
ngpl acein;
(i)TubeI
(i
i)TubeI I
(i
ii
)Flask
(
c)St atet heobs ervati
onmadei ntubeI I
I
(
d)Wr it
edownanequat ionfort her eacti
onwhi chcoul dbeusedt
ogenerat
eCar
bon
(I
V)Oxi defort heaboves etup
(
e)Namet her eagent sus edt ogener ategasxi nt helabor
ator
y
(
f)Compl etethedi agram abovet os howhowexces sgasxcanbecol
lect
ed

16. Thef i
gur
ebel
ows howst
hestagesi
nt hemanufact
ureofs
odi
um car
bonat
e.St
udyt
he
diagr
am
bel
owanduseitt
oanswert
hequestionst
hatfoll
ow.

F
il
tr
ati
o
Br
ine REACTI
ON
CHAMBER1
Sol
idV
Ammoni
a Li
qui
d

HEATI
NG Carbon REACTI
ON
LI
MESTONE (
IV) CHAMBER2
Oxide

REACTI
ON
CHAMBER
Sodi
um

Cal
cium
a)(
i)Namet hreestart
ingmat
eri
alsint
hemanufact
urerofsodi
um carbonate.
(
ii)Whichsubstancesar
erecycl
edinthi
sproces
s?
(
iii
)Ident
if
yt hechambersi
nwhichtherecycl
edsubst
ancesareregenerated.

(iv)Namet hes ubst

ancesUandV.
b)Gi veanequat ionforther eact
ionwhi
choccurs
:
(i)I nthereactionchamber1
(ii)Whens oli
dVi sheated.
(iii
)I nthereac t
ionchamber3.
c)Stat eonecommer cialusefor
(i)Sodi um carbonat
e.
17. Thes et -
upbel owwasus edtoprepar
edrycarbon(I
I)Oxi
degas
.us
eitt
oans
wert
he
ques
tions
bel owi t
:

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 50
 i
chs
aa
r
cbo
oakemi
l cah@gmai
l.
com

(
a)(
i)St
atet
womi
stakescommi
tt
edi
nthes
et-
upar
rangementabove

(i
i)Thes t
udentpr oducedcar bon(I
V)oxidegasf rom ther eactionbet weenLead( II
)
Carbonate
anddi lut ehydrochloricacid.Thegaswaspr oducedf oras hortti
meandt he
reacti
oncame
toas t op.Explain
(ii
i)Writet heequat i
onfort her eact
ionstakingplaceint hecombus t
iontubeandt he
conical
f l
ask:
Combus tiont ube:…………………………………………………………………. .
Coni calfl
as k……………………………………………………………………. .
(
iv)Stateoneus eofcar bon( IV)Oxidegasapar tfrom fir
eext inguisher
(v)Givet wopr oper t
iesthatmakecar bon(IV)Oxidet obeus edasf i
reexti
nguisher
(b)PbO(s)+CO(g) Pb(s)+CO2(g)
Whi chpr oper tyofcar bon( II
)Oxideisdemons t
ratedbyt heaboveequat ion?
(c)Aluminium car bonatedoesnotexi st.Gi
vear eas on
(d)Ammoni um car bonatedecompos eswhenheat ed.Wr iteachemi calequationto
representt his decompos iti
on
18. St ateandexpl aint heobs ervationmadewhenapi eceofchar coali sdroppedi najar
containi
ng
concentratedni tric( V)aci
d

19. WhenCar bon(I

V)oxi
dei spassedthr
oughl i
mewat er
,awhi tepreci
pitat
eisfor
med
but
whenexcessCarbon(IV)Oxideispassed,thewhi t
epr eci
pitat
edisappear
s;
(a)Expl
ainwhythewhitepreci
pit
atedisappears
(b)Giveanequati
onforthereacti
onthattakesplacein( a)above
20. Thes et
-upbel
owwasus edtoprepar
eacar bon( I
I)oxidegas.

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 51
 A
i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

Sodi
um met
hanoat
esol
id

(
a)Gi
vethenameofsubstanceA………………………………………………………….
(b)Compl
etet
hedi agr
am t
oshowhowthegascanbecol
lect
ed
(c)
Writ
etheequat
ionfort
hereact
ion

Gasl
aws
1
. AsampleofunknowncompoundgasXi sshownbyanal
ysi
stocontainSulphurand
Oxygen.The
gasrequi
res28.3secondstodiff
usethroughasmal
laper
tur
eintoavacuum.An
i
denticalnumber
ofoxygenmolecul
espassthroughthes ameaper
tur
ein20seconds.Determinethe
molecularmass
ofgasX( O=16,S=32)

2. (
a)StateGraham’ sLawofdi ff
usi
on
(
b)GasVt akes1 0s econdstodif
fus ethroughadi s
t anceofonef if
thofameter
.
Another
gasW takest hesamet imet odiff
usethroughadi s
t anceof10cm.i
ftherel
ati
ve
molecular
mas
sofgasVi s16.0;cal
culatethemol ecularmas sofW
3. ( a)StateChar l
es’Law
(
b)Thevolumeofas ampleofnitrogengasatat emper atureof291Kand1.
0x1 05
Pascal
s
was3.5x1 0-2m3.Calcul
atethet emperatur
eatwhi cht hevol
umeofthegaswould
be
2.8x10-2m3 at 1.
0x1 05pas
cal s.

4. 60cm3 ofoxygengasdi f
fusedthroughapor ouspart
it
ionin50s econds.Howl ong
woulditt ake
60cm3 ofs ulphur( IV)oxidegast odif
fus ethroughthes amepar t
it
ionundert hes ame
condit
ions ?
(S=32. 0,O=1 6.0)
5. ( a)StateGraham’ slawofdi f
fusi
on
(b)30cm3 ofhydr ogenchl or
idegasdiff
us est hr
oughapor ouspoti n20seconds .How
long
wouldittake42cm3 ofs ul
phur(I
V)oxi degast odif
fusethrough thesamepot
under
thesamecondi ti
ons (
H=1 Cl=35. 5 S=32 O=1 6)
6. a)St ateBoylesl aw
b)Sketchagr apht hatrepresentsCharles’law
3
c)Agasoccupi edavol umeof250cm at- 23ºCand1at mosphere.Determinei t
s
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 52
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
vol
ume
at1
27ºC whenpr
es s
ureiskeptconst
ant.
7. Af act
orypr
oducesCal
cium Oxi
defrom Cal
cium Car
bonat
eass
howni
ntheequat
ion
bel
ow:
-

CaCOH3(
eas
)
t CaO(s)+CO2(g)
WhatvolumeofCar bon(I
V)Oxidewouldbeproducedfrom 1
000kgofCal
cium
Car bonateats.
t.
p( Ca=40,C=1 2,O=16,Molargasvol
umeats.t
. 4dm3)
p=22.

8. Af ixedmas sofgasoccupi es200cm3 atat emperat

ureof23oCandpr essur
eof
740mmHg.
Calcul
at ethevol umeoft hegasat- 25oCand780mmHgpr es sure
3 -1
9. GasKdi ff
usest hroughapor ousmat eri
alatarateof12cm s wher easSdi f
fuses
thr
ough
3-1
thes amemat eri
alatar ateof7.5cm s.Gi venthatthemol armas sofKis1 6,
cal
culatethe
mol armas sofS
10. ( a)StateGayLus sac’slaw
.11
. ( a)Whati sther el
at i
onshipbetweent herateofdiff
usi
onofagasandi tsmolecular
mass?
(b)As ampl eofCar bon( I
V)Oxidet akes200s econdstodi f
fuseacr ossaporouspl ug.
Howl ongwi llittakethes ameamountofCar bon(II
)Oxi detodi ff
usethrought he
samepl ug? (
C=1 2,O=16)
12. Bel owar estructuresofpar t
icl
es.Us eittoanswerques t
ionst hatfoll
ow.Ineac hcas e
only
electronsi ntheout ermostenergylevelareshown
key
P=Pr ot on
N=Neut r
on
19P
X=El ectron 20

U V W

Y Z

(
a)Identi
fyt
heparticl
ewhichisananion
(
b)Choos eapairofisot
opes
.Givear eas
on
1
3. Thef igur
ebelowshowst wogasesPandQdi f
fus
ingf
rom t
wooppos
iteends1
8
s
econdsafter
t
heexperiment
72cm

P Q

54c
m

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 53
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
(
a)Whi
choft
hegaseshasali
ght
erdensi
ty?
(
b)Gi
vent
hatthemol
ecul
armassofgasQis17,cal
cul
atet
hemol
ecul
armas
sofP

1
4. I
dentif
ythepar t
iclesthatfaci
li
tat
et heel ectri
cconductivi
tyofthef ol
lowings ubs tances
(
i)Sodium metal
(
ii
)Sodium Chlor i
des ol
uti
on
(i
ii
)Mol tenLeadBr omide
15. GasBt akes110s econdstodiff
usethr oughapor ouspot,howl ongwi lli
ttakef ort he
sameamountofammoni atodiff
useundert hesameconditionsoft emperatur eand
pressur
e?
(RMM ofB=34RMM ofammoni a=1 7)
16. Agasoccupi es5dm3 atat emperatur eof- 27oCand1at mospherepr es s
ure.Cal culat
e
the
volumeoccupi edbyt hegasatapr ess
ur eof2at mospheresandat emperatur eof
o
127C
17. Af i
xedmas sofgasoccupi es200cm3 atat emper at
ureof230candapr essureof740
mm Hg.
Calcul
atet hevolumeoft hegasat- 250cand790mm Hgpr essure.

1
8. (
a)StatetheGraham’sl aw
(
b)100cm3 ofCarbon(IV)oxidegasdi f
fus
edt hroughapor ouspart
iti
onin30s
econds.
3
Howl ongwoulditt ake1
50cm ofNi trogen(IV)oxi
det odif
fus
et hr
ought
hes ame
part
it
ionunderthes ameconditi
ons?( C=12.0,N=1 4.0,O=1 6.
0)

Themol
e
1. Inanexper i
mentmagnes i
um r i
bbonwasheat edinai r
.Thepr oductformedwasf ound
tobe
heavierthant heoriginalr
ibbon.Pot as
s i
um manganat e(VII
)wasont heotherhand,
heatedin
airandpr oductformedwasf oundt obel i
ght er.Explai
nthedifferencesonthe
observationmade
2. I naf i
lt
rationexperiment25cm3 ofas olutionofSodi um Hydroxidecontai
ning8gper
l
itr
ewasr equir
edf orcompl et
eneut rali
zationof0. 245gofadi basi
caci
d.Calculat
e
therelati
vemol ecularmas soft heacid( Na=23. 0,O=1 6,H=1 )

3. Dgr amsofPot assi

um hydr oxi dewer edi ssolvedindisti
ll
edwat ertomake1 00cm3 of
sol
uti
on.
50cm3 oft hes ol
utionr equired50cm3 of2. 0M nit
ri
caci dforcompl et
eneutral
izati
on.
Calculatet hemas sDofPot as sium hydr oxide(RFM ofKOH=56)
KOH(aq)+HNO3(aq) KNO3(aq)+H2O(l)
4. Whenexces sdilutehydrochl oricaci dwasaddedt osodium sulphi
te,960cm3 of
sul
phuri
c
(IV)Oxi degaswaspr oduced.Cal culat
et hemas sofsodium sulphatethatwasused.
3
(Mol argasvol ume=24000cm andMol armas sofsulphit
e=1 26g)
5. Theequat i
onoft heformat i
onofi r on(I
II)chlor i
deis
2F e(s)+3Cl2(g) 2F eCl3
Cal culatethevol umeofchl orinewhi chwi l
lreactwi t
hiront oform 0.5gofIr
on( I
II)
chl
ori
de.
(Fe=56 Cl =35.5).Molargasvol umeat298K=24dm3)
3
6. 1 5.0cm ofet hanoicacid( CH3COOH)wasdi ssolvedinwat ertomake500cm3 of
sol
uti
on.
Cal culatetheconcent rat
ionoft hes ol
utioni nmol esperl i
tre

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 54
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
[C=1
2,H=1 ,O=16,densi
tyof et hanoicaci
di s1.05g/ cm3]
7. When1 .
675gofhydratedsodium car bonat
ewasr eactedwi t
hexces shydrochl
ori
caci
d,
thevolumecarbon( I
V)oxidegasobt ai
nedatr oom t emperatureandpressurewas
150cm3.
Calcul
atethenumberofmol esofwat erofcrystall
izationi
nonemol eofhydrat
ed
sodium
carbonat
e:-( Na=23,H=1,C=1 2,O=16,MGVatR. T.P=24000cm3)
8. Howmanychl ori
deionsarepr es entin1.
7gofmagnes i
um chlori
decryst
als?
23
(
Avogadro’sconst
ant=6.0x1 0 ,Mg=24,Cl=35. 5)

9. 0. 84gofal
umini
um r
eactedcompl
etel
ywit
hchlor
inegas
.Cal
cul
atet
hevol
umeof
chl
ori
ne
gasused (
Molargasvol
umeis24dm3,Al=27)

1
0. 6. 4gofami xtureofsodium carbonateands odi
um chlori
dewasdissolvedinwat erto
make
50cm3 solution.25cm3 oft
hes ol
uti
onwasneut ral
izedby40cm3 of0.1M HCl( .Wh
aq) at
i
s
hepercent ageofs odi
um chlorideinthes ol
idmixture?
1
1 An unknownmas s,x,ofanhydr ous potass
ium carbonat
ewasdi ss
olvedinwat erand
thesol
utionmadeupt o200cm3.25cm3 oft hissoluti
onrequi
red18cm3 of0.22M ni tr
ic
(V)aci
df orcompl eteneutral
izati
on.Determinethevalueofx.(K=39.0,C=12.0,O
=16.
0)

1
2. Cal
culat
ethevol
umeofoxygengasuseddur
ingthebur
ningofmagnes
ium (
O=1
6,
mol
ar
gasvol
ume=24,000cm3atroom t
emper
atur
e)

1
3. Ahydrateds al
thasthefoll
owingcomposi
ti
onbymas s.Ir
on20.2%,oxygen23.
0%,
sul
phur1 1.
5%,water45.3%
i
)Deter
mi netheformulaofthehydrat
edsal
t(Fe=56,S=32,O=1
6,H=11
)
i
i)6.
95goft hehydrat
eds al
tinc(i
)aboveweredissol
vedindis
til
ledwat
erandt
he
t
otal

vol
umemadeto250cm3ofsol
uti
on.Calcul
atet
heconcentr
ati
onofther
esul
ti
ng
s
alts
olut
ion
inmol
esperl
it
re.(
Givent
hatt
hemol eculamassoft
hes al
tis278)

1
4. (i
)Lead( I
I)i onsr
eactwit
hi odideionsaccordingtotheequat
ion;
2+ -
Pb (aq)+2I(aq) PbI2(
s)
300cm3 ofa0. 1msol
uti
onofi odideionswasaddedt oas ol
uti
oncont
aini
ngexces
s
l
eadI
Iions .
Calcul
atethemas singramsofl eadIIi
odideformed
(ii
)Identi
fythecolourofthepr oductformedin( d)(
i)

1
5. a)Thedi
agr
am bel
owr
epr
esent
spar
toft
hes
truct
ureofs
odi
um chl
ori
decr
yst
al

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 55
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

Thepos it
ionofoneoft hes odium i
onsinthecr ystali
sshownas ;
i)Ont hedi agram,markt hepos i
ti
onsoftheot hert hr
eesodium i
ons
ii)Themel tingandboil
ingpoi ntsofsodi
um chlorideare801Cand1 41
3Crespect
ivel
y.
Expl
ain
whysodi um chl
ori
dedoesnotconductel ect rici
tyat25C,butdoesnotat
temperatur
es
bet
ween801 Cand1 413C
b)Gi vear easonwhyammoni agasishighlysolubleinwater
c)Thes tructur
eofammoni um ionisshownbel ow;
H +

H H
H
Namet het ypeofbondr epr esentedi nt hedi agr am byN H
d)Car bonexi stsi ndi ff
er entcr ys t
all
inef orms .Someoft hesef ormswer erecentl
y
dis
cover ed
i
ns ootandar ec all
edf ull
er enes
i)Whatnamei sgi vent odi fferentcr ystall
inef ormsoft hes ameel ement
ii
)F ullerenesdi ssolvei nmet hylbenzenewhi l
et heot herf ormsofcar bondonot .Gi ven
thats ooti s
ami xtur eoff ul l
er enesandot hers oli
df ormsofcar bon,des cribehowcr ystalsof
f
ullerenescan
beobt ainedf rom s oot
ii
i)Ther elativemol ecul armas sofoneoft hef uller enesi s720.Whati sthemol ecular
mas sof
thisf ullerene
16. Cal culat et hevol umeofoxygengasus eddur ingt hebur ningofmagnes ium (O=1 6,
mol ar
gasvol ume=24, 000cm3atr oom t emper atur e)
17. Studyt hei nf ormat ioni nt het ablebel owandans wert heques t
ionst hatfoll
ow
Numberofcar bonat omsper Rel ati
vemol ecul
armas soft he
mol ecul e hydr ocar bon
2 28
3 42
4 56
i)Wr itet hegener alf ormul aoft hehydr ocar bonsi nt het able
ii
)Pr edi ctt her el
at i
veat omi cmas soft hehydr ocar bonswi t
h5car bonat oms
ii
i)Det ermi net her elativeat omi cmas soft hehydr ocar boni n(i
i)aboveanddr awi ts
struct uralfor mul a( H=1 .0,C=1 2.0)
18. Ahydr at eds althast hef ollowi ngcompos it
ionbymas s .I
ron20. 2%,oxygen23. 0%,
sul phur1 1.
5%,wat er45. 3%
i)Det er minet hef or mul aoft hehydr ateds alt( Fe=56,S=32,O=1 6,H=1 1)
(3mks )
ii
)6. 95goft hehydr ateds alti nc(i)abovewer edi s solvedi ndisti
ll
edwat erandthe
tot
al
vol umemadet o250cm3ofs olution.Cal culatet heconcent r
ationoft heresulti
ng
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 56
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
s
alts
olut
ion
i
nmol
esperl
it
re.(
Givent
hatt
hemol
ecul
amas
soft
hes
alti
s278)

1
9. a)Galvanizedi rons heet saremadebydi ppingthes heetsinmoltenZinc.
i)Expl ainhowzi ncpr otectsironfrom rusti
ng
i
i)Namet hepr oces sappliedingal vani
zati
onofi ronwithzinc
20. Cal
culatet heper cent ageofcopperi n1 .
0goft heall
oy
(Cu=63. 5 Mg=24)
21
. Af ac toryus esni t
ricaci dandammoni agasast heonl yreact
antforthepreparati
onof
the
fertil
izerifthedai l
ypr oductionofthef ert
il
izeris4800kg.Calculat
et hemas sof
ammoni a
gasus eddai l
y
(N=1 4.0,O=1 6.0,H=1 .
0)
22. Cal culatet hevol umeofs ul
phur( VI)oxidegast hatwouldber equir
edtopr oduce
178kgof
oleum i ns t
ep3mol argasvol umeats .
t.
p=22. 4l i
tr
esH=1O=1 6S=32

23. Us i
ngt heansweri nd( ii
)above,det er mine:
i)Thevolumeof1 M ni t
ri
caci dt hatwoul dr eactcompl etel
ywi t
honemol eofcopper
(Cu=63. 5)
ii
)Thevol umeofNi trogen( IV)oxi degaspr oducedwhenonemol eofcopperr eacts
wi
thexces s1 M ni t
ricaci datr oom temper ature
24. As ampl eofbiogascont ai
ns35. 2%bymas sofmet hane.Abi ogascylindercontai
ns
5.0kg
ofthegas .Cal
cul ate:
(i
)Numberofmol esofmet hanei nt hecylinder(Mol armassofmet hane=1 6)
(i
i)Tot
alvolumeofcar bon( IV)oxi depr oducedbyt hecombus t
ionofmet hanei n
thecyli
nder
(Mol
argasvol ume=24. 0dm3 atr oom temper atureandpr essure)
25. 0. 84gofalumi ni
um wer er eactedcompl et
elywi t
hchl orinegas.Calculatet
hevol ume
ofchlori
negasus ed.(Molargasvol umei s24dm3,Al=27)
26. 3. 52gofCar bon( I
V)Oxi deand1 .40gofwat erar eproducedwhenamas sofa
hydrocar
bon
iscompletelyburnti noxygen.Det ermi netheempi r
icalfor
mul aofthehydr ocarbon;
(H=1,C=1 2,O=1 6)

27. Cal culatet henumberofwat ermol eculeswhen34. 8gNa2CO3 xH2Oisheatedand1 5.9g

of
anhydr ousNa2CO3 obtai
ned( H=1,O=1 6,Na=23,C=1 2)
28. Awei gheds ampleofcr yst
alli
neds odium carbonate(Na2CO3nH2O)washeat edina
cruci
ble
unt i
ltherewasnof ur
therchangei nmas s.Themas softhes amplereducedby1 4.5%.
Calculate
thenumberofmol es(n)ofwat erofcr ys t
all
izati
on( Na=23,O=1 6,C=1 2,H=1 )
29. I nar eact on20cm3 of0.
i 1M Sodi um Car bonatecompl et
elyreactedwith13cm3 of
di
lute
sulphuricacid.Fi
ndthemol ari
tyoft hes ulphuri
cacidused.
30. Anor ganiccompoundPcont ains68. 9%car bon,13.
5%hydr ogenand21 .
6%oxygen.
Ther elati
vefor
mulamas sofpi s74.Det ermineitsmolecularf
ormula.[C=12,H=1,
0=16]
31. Camper sGascyl i
ndercontainsabout1 .2dm3 ofbut
1 anemeas uredat0o and1atm.
Giventhat
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 57
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
25%ofheati sl
os t,whati
sthemaxi mum vol umeofwateratr
oom t
emper
atur
ewhi
ch
canbe
boi
ledt 00oCi
o1 nordert
omakes omecof f
ee?
4CO2(g)+5H2O(l);H=- -1
C4H10(g)+6½ O2(g) 3,000KJmol
(Speci
fi
cheatcapaci
tyofwat 2Jg-1.
er=4. C-1,dens
ityofwat gcm-3Mol
er1 argasvol
ume22.
41at
s
.t.
p)
32. Anaqueouss oluti
oncont aininganhydr ouss odium carbonatewaspr eparedby
dis
sol
ving
19.6goft hes altin250cm3 ofdi st
illed.Calcul atethevolumeof2M ofmagnes i
um
chl
ori
de
solutionr equiredt opr ecipitateallt hecar bonat eionsint hes olut
ion.
(Na=23,C=1 2;O=1 6;Mg=24;Cl=35. 5)
33. 1 0.08gofet hanedi oicacid( H2C2O4.xH2O)cr ystalsweredi ssolvedinwat erandmadet o
1dm3 s oluti
on.25. 0cm3 oft hissolutionwascompl et
elyneut ral
izedby20cm3 of0. 2M
sodium hydr oxides oluti
on.
Calculate;
i)Mol arityoftheaci d
ii
)theval ue ofx i nH2C2O4xH2Oaci d
34. 1
.6gofmagnes i
um met al i sreact edwi thexces shydrochloricacid.Calculatethe
vol
ume
ofhydr ogengas pr oducedats .
t.p.(Molargasvol umeats tp=22. 4dm3 Mg=24)
35. 60l it
resofs ulphur(IV)oxi dewer emadet or eactwi t
h40l i
tresofoxygen.
a)Whi chr eactantwasi nexces sandbyhowmuch?
b)Whati sthevol umeoft hepr oduct ?
36. Dur i
ngwel dingofcr ackedr ailwaylinesbyt hermi t
e12.0gofoxi deofironi sreduced
by
alumi nium to8. 40gofi ron.Det er minet heempi ri
calformul aoftheoxi de
(Fe=56. 0,O=1 6.0)

Or
gani
cchemi
str
y1
1
. Us
ethef
lowchar
tbel
owt
oans
wert
heques
tionst
hatf
oll
ow:
U H2O

Heat

Pr
oces
sK Pr
oces
sJ
CH2Br
CH2Br CH2CH2 CH3CH3
Nickel
catal
yst
Pr
oces
sT

H H
H

C C C

n H H
H
(
a)Whatobs
ervati
onwouldbemadeinprocessK?
(
b)Nameanothercondi
ti
onsneces
sar
yforproces
sJt
otakepl
ace

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 58
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
(c)GivethenameofsubstanceU
2. But-z-eneunder
goeshydr
ogenati
onaccor
dingt
otheequat
iongi
venbel
ow

CH3CH=CHCH3(g)+H2(g) CH3CH2CH2CH3(g)

(a)Namet hepr oductformedwhenbut -z-

enereact
swi
thhydr
ogengas
(b)Stateonei ndustri
aluseofhydrogenat
ion
3. Wr i
tethes t
ructuresofthefoll
owingcompounds:
-
(a)But—2-yne
(b)2,2-
dimethylpropane
4. a)WhatismeantbyI s
omerism?
b)Dr awandnamet woIsomersofbutane.

5. St
udyt
hei
nfor
mat
ioni
nthet
abl
ebel
owandans
wert
heques
tionst
hatf
oll
ow:

I
on No.ofpr
otons No.ofel
ect
rons
P3- 7 1
0
Q+ 1
9 1
8
R2+ 1
2 1
0

a)Wri
tetheel
ectr
onarr
angementofel
ementP.
b)Gi
vethegroupandperi
odtowhichel
ement
sQandRr
espect
ivel
y.
Q……………………………………………………
R……………………………………………………

6. CompoundW react
edwi
thchl
ori
net
ofor
m compoundXonl
y.Thes
truct
uralf
ormul
aof
Xiss hownbelow:
CH3 -CH-CH-CH3

Cl Cl
(a)Gi vet hes truct uralformul aandnameofcompoundW
(b)NamecompoundX
……………………………………………………………………
7. Inpet rolchemi cali ndus tr
ies ,l
ongchai nal kanesar ebrokendowni ntosi
mpler
subs
tances
inapr oces scal ledcr acking
a)Why i s crac king neces sary?
b)St atet het wocondi ti
onsr equi
redincr acking
c)Dr awt hes truct ureof1 -chloro-
2,2-di met hylpropane
8. I nar eactionanal coholKwasconver tedt ohex- 1-
ene
a)Namer eagentandcondi tionnecessaryf ort her eacti
onin6( a)abovetooccur
9. ( a)Gi vet heI UPACs ys t
emat icnamesofc ompoundsQandR
Q:CH2CHCl CHl CH2CH3
R:CH3CHCl CH2Cl CH3
(b)Theor ganiccompoundsQandRi n( b)above,ar eformedwhenonemol eof
hydr
ocar bon
Nreact swi t htwomol esofhydrogenchl ori
degas ;
(i)Structur alformul aofN
(ii
)TheI UPACs ystemat icnameofN
10. Di s ti
nguishbet weent heisot opesandi somer s
11
. Pol ymer i
sat i
onofet henet akespl aceass howni nt heequati
onbelow

H H H H
F
orMor
eE-
Res H
our
ci
ghsC
e all0705525657 59
n C =C t
emper
ature C C
pr
essure
n
H H H H
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

Namet hetypeofpol ymeri

sationundergonebyethenei nther eacti
onabove
1
2. (a)StateGayLus sac’slaw
1
3. 10cm3 ofmet hane( CH4)gasisexplodedwith150cm3 ofaircontaini
ng20%oxygen
and80%ni trogen.Thepr oduct
swer eall
owedtocoolt or oom temperat
ure.What
will
bethetotalvolumeoft hegasesatt heendofther eacti
on?

1
4. Givet heopens tr
ucturesof:
-
(i
)3- chl
orohex-l
-yne
(i
i)CH3OH
15. Af i
xedmas sofgasoccupi es105cm3at-14º
Cand650mmHgpr essure.Atwhat
temper
aturei n
degreesCel si
uswi l
lithaveavol 5cm3 i
umeof1 fthepr
essur
eisadjust
edto690mmHg
pres
sure?
16. Wr it
eanequat i
onfort hereact
ionthatt
akespl
acebetweenet
heneandconcentr
ated
Sulphuri
c( VI
)acid

1
7. Petr
oleum (
crudeoil
)isami
xtur
eofseveralcompoundswhi
char
esepar
atedi
na
Changamwer ef
iner
ybymeansofappar
atusass hownbel
ow:

B
C
Cr
udeoi
l D
E
F

G
(
a)(
i)Whati
sthenameoftheappar
atusabove
(
ii
)Whatisthenameofthepr
ocesswhichi
sus
edi
nsepar
ati
onofcr
udeoi
l

(
ii
i)Whatphys
icalpr
oper
tyofc
ompoundsi
nthemi
xtur
edoest
hes
epar
ati
ondepend

(i
v)Us etheletterAt oGt odes cri
bewher et hefol
lowi
ngcouldbefor
med:.
I.Thefractiont hatrepres ent
sgas es
II
.Thefractiont hatrepres entsthelar
ges tmolecules
I
II
.Thefractiont hatrepres entsli
quidswi t
ht hel
owes tboi
li
ngpoi
nts
(b)Statetheus eofpr oductproduceat
G………………………………………………………………………………………
C……………………………………………………………………………………….
(
c)Drawappar atusf orthes eparationofthepr oductproduceatDandwater

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 60
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

1
8. St
udyt
hef
lowchar
tbel
owandans
wert
heques
tionst
hatfol
low:
-
CH3CH3
A St
epI
HCl
CHCH

Br Br
H2O+B O2 exces
s St
ep2
H-C–C–H

Br Br
(
i)Givet henameoft hes ubstanceCHCH…………………………………………
(
ii)Towhi chgroupofhydr ocarbonsdoest hes ubst
ancein(i)abovebel
ong?
(
iii
)Givet woreagent sthatcanbeus edt opreparethesubstancenamedi n(
i)above
(
iv)St atetwophys icalproper t
iesofthes ubst
ancesin(i
)above
(
v)Givet henamest ot hepr ocessinstepIand2
(
vi)Wr it
eanequat iont os howhows ubstanceAi sfor
med
(i
v)Identif
ysubstanceB ……………………………………………………
1
9. Thedi agram belowr epr es
ent salarge-scalef
racti
onaldi
sti
ll
ati
onplantusedto
s
eparat
e
thecomponent sA,B,CandDi nami xture

Heat

(
a)Thecomponent shavethefol
lowi
ngaver
agerel
ati
vemol
ecul
armas
sesnot
necessari
lyinthat
order;282,1
84,44and1 28.
(
a)(i)Whatisthephys
icalst
ateofBatthepos
iti
onmar
kedQ?

(
ii
)Whi
chcomponenthasanaver
ager
elat
ivemol
ecul
armas
sof1
28?Expl
ain

(
ii
i)St
atewi
thar
eas
onwhet
herCi
spur
eori
mpur
e

(
iv)Expl
ainhowt
hemi
xtur
eiss
epar
atedi
ntoi
tscomponent
s

(v)Nametwonaturall
yoccurr
ingmi xt
urest
hatar eseparatedusingthi
sproces
s
20. Thedi agr
am bel
owrepresentsalar
ge-scalefr
act
ionaldis
til
lat
ionplantusedto
separ
ate
thecomponent
sA,B,CandDi nami xture

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 61
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

(
a)Thecomponent shavethefol
lowi
ngaver
agerel
ati
vemol
ecul
armas
sesnot
necessari
lyinthat
order;282,1
84,44and1 28.
(
a)(i)Whatisthephys
icalst
ateofBatthepos
iti
onmar
kedQ?

(
ii
)Whi
chcomponenthasanaver
ager
elat
ivemol
ecul
armas
sof1
28?Expl
ain

(
ii
i)St
atewi
thar
eas
onwhet
herCi
spur
eori
mpur
e

(
iv)Expl
ainhowt
hemi
xtur
eiss
epar
atedi
ntoi
tscomponent
s

(v)Namet wonat urall

yoccur ri
ngmi xtur esthatares eparatedus i
ngt hispr ocess
21. a)Thet abl ebel owgi vesi nfor mati
onaboutt hemaj orconsti
tuentsofcr udeoi l.Studyit
and
answert heques ti
onst hatfol
low:
Cons ti
tuent Boili
ngpoi ntoC
Gas es Below40
Pet rol 40-175
Ker os ene 175-250
Dies el 250- 350
Lubr icatingoi l 350- 400
Bitumen Above400
i)Whichoft hecons tit
uent sofc r
udehasmol eculeswiththehi ghes tnumberofcar bon
atoms ?Expl ain
ii
)Namet hepr oces syouwoul dus etos eparat eami xtureofpet rolanddies eland
expl
ainhow
thes epar ationt akespl ace
ii
i)Explai
nwhyt hecons ti
tuent sofcrudeoildonothaveas har pboili
ngpoi nt
i
v)Namet hegast hatisl i
kel ytobeacons tituentofcrudeoi landwr it
eitsf ormula
b)i)Whatcondi tioncoul dcaus eapoi sonousgast obef ormedwhenker osenei sburnt
.
Expl ain
ii
)Giveoneus eofbi tumen
22. ( a)Thes et -upbel owwasus edt oprepareet hynegas

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 62
 i
sabokemi
cah@g
Waema
t i
l.
com
r

Sol
idE +s
and

(
i)Identif
ys oli
dE
(i
i)Compl etet hedi agr
am t oshowhowt hegascanbecol
lect
ed
(i
ii)Wr i
teanequat i
ont os howhowt hegasisfor
med
(i
v)Compl et et heequationbel ow: )
C2H2 +2I 2
(
v)Whati sther ol
eofs andint heexperiment
?
(b)(i
)Expl ai
nt hemeani ngofes t
er i
fi
cat
ion
(i
i)Compl et et heequat i
onbel ow :
CH3COOCH3+H2O
(
iii
)Whatt ypeofr eacti
oni soccurri
ngabove
(c)Givent her eac ti
on:

C8H18 Sol
idF N+C2H4
(
i)I
dentif
ysubs
tance:
F………………………………… N………………………………
(
ii
)Namet heprocessr
epres
ent
edabove?
(
d)Giveoneus eofsubst
anceN

23.

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 63
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

Wat
er Ai
r

El
ect
rol
ysi
s St
epI St
epI
I

H2 N2

St
epI
II

Ammoni
a

St
ep4 Ai
rPl
ati
num-
rhodi
um cat
alys
t
at900oC

Col
our
les
sgasQ

St
ep5 Ai
r

Ni
tr
ogen(
IV)Oxi
de

St
ep6

Ni
tr
ic(
V)aci
d

St
ep7

Ammoni
um Ni
tr
ate

(i)Nameanot hersourceofhydr ogenapar tfr

om electrol
ysisofwater
(ii
)Whatconditi
onsar eneces saryf ors t
epI IItooccur?
(iii
)Wr i
tetheequati
onf orthef ormat i
onofcol our
lessgasQ
(iv)Giveoneus eofnitr
ic( V)acid
(b)St ateandexpl
aintheobs ervationst hatwouldbemadei fasampleofcopper
metali
s
heatedwit
hconcent ratedni t
ric(V)aci d
24. ( a)Givet hesyst
ematicnamesoft hef oll
owingcompounds :-
(i)CH2 =C–CH3 . ..
...
..
..
...
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
...
...
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.

Br
(i
i)CH3CH2CH2CCH ..
..
..
...
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
(
b)Statetheobs ervat
ionsmadewhenbut on- l-
olreactswith:-
(i
)Acidi f
iedpotas s
ium di
chromate(VI
)s oluti
on
(ii)Potas si
um met al
(
c)Et
hanolobt ai
nedf rom gl
ucosecanbeconver t
edt oetheneass hownbel ow:-
C6H12O6 St epI C2H5OH St epII CH2 =CH2
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 64
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

Nameanddes cr
ibethepr ocessest
hattakeplaceinstepsIandII
(
d)CompoundsAandBhavet hes amemol ecul
arformulaC3H6O2.CompoundA
l
ibrat
es
Carbon(IV)Oxideonadditi
onofaqueouss odium car
bonatewhi l
ecompoundB
doesnot.
CompoundBhasas weets mell.Dr
awthepos si
blestr
ucturesof:-
(
e)Givetwowayshowt hedisposalofpolymerssuchaspolychloroet
henebyburni
ng
pol
lutes
theenvironment

25. (a)Namethef
oll
owingcompounds(
CH3)3CCH2 CH2CH3
Usethefl
owchartbel
owtoanswertheques
tionsthatf
oll
ow:
-

HBr
St
ep I Hi
ght
emper
atur
e
J CH3CHCH2 Pol
ymerK
N1/
H2 Highpr
ess
ure
St
epI
IConcentr ate
H2SO4(l)

Sodi
um Met
al
Subs
tanceM GasP

H+(aq)/KMNO4(aq)

GasS Subs
tanceN

NaOH
St
epII
R Sodali
me Q St
epI
II CH3CH2CH2Cl
Heat

(
b)(i)Namet hefol
lowing:-
I
.GasS………………………………………………………………. …….
()
I
I.GasP …………………………………………………………………
I
II
.J……………………………………………………………………….
(ii
)Namet hepr ocessesinvolvedinthefol
lowi
ngsteps:
I.StepI …………………………………………………………………………. .
II
.StepI I …………………………………………………………………………….
II
I.StepI I
I…………………………………………………………………………….
(
ii
i)Wr i
teachemi calequati
onf orthecompletecombusti
onofs
ubs
tanceM
(i
v)Namet hecondi t
ionandr eagentinstepI
II
Condition……………………………………………………………………………………
Reagent…………………………………………………………………………………….

(
v)Cal
cul
atet
hemas
sofs
altRt
hatwoul
dbef
ormedbyus
ing21
.9t
onnesofNwheni
t

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 65
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
r
eact
s
wit
hexces
ss odium hydroxi
de(C=12.
0 H=1 .
0 Na=23)
(vi)Drawthest
ructureofpolymerK
I
I.Stateoneuseoftheabovepol ymer
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(
c)( i
)Namet hecl
asst owhichthefoll
owi
ngcleans
ingagent
sbel
ong:
-
i) ……………………………………………………
R–COONa+

(
ii
)R SO3Na ……………………………………………………….
–O-
O

I
I.Whi
chcl
eani
ngagentabovei
snotenvi
ronment
alf
ri
endl
y?Expl
ain

26. Themol ecularformulaofahydr ocarbonisC6H14.Thehydr

ocarboncanbeconver
ted
i
ntotwo
otherhydrocarbonass hownbyt heequationbelow:
C6H14 C2H6 +X
(i
)Nameanddr awthepos si
bles tr
uctur
alformulaofX
(i
i)Stat
eandexpl ai
nt heobs ervati
onsthatwoul dbemadei fafewdropsofbr
omine
wat
er
wereaddedt oas ampleofX
(i
ii
)Wr i
teanequat i
onf orthecompl etecombus ti
onofC3H8

27. ( a)Gi vethenamesoft hef oll

owing
(
i)CH3CH2CH3
(
ii)CH3CCCH3
(
b)Et henei sus edinmaki ngpol yethenebagi napr oces scalledpolymerizat
ion
(i)Namet het ypeofpol ymert hatisformedwhenet hanepol ymerise
(
ii)Des cr
ibeas implechemi caltestthatcanbeus edt oident i
fyethanegasint he
l
aboratory
(c)Studyt hei nformationint het ablebelowandans wert heques t
ionsthatfol
low:-
No.ofcar bon R.
M.M oft heHydr ocarbon
atoms
2 28
3 42
4 56
i.Writethegener alformul aoft hehydr ocar
bonsint het abl
eabove
ii.Determinet hemol ecularofahydr ocarbonwith5car bonat omsanddr awi t
s
st
ructuralformula
Molecularformul a
Structuralformula
(
d)St udyt hes chemebel owandans wert hequestionst hatf oll
ow

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 66
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
(i
)Namet hereagentsin
StepI ……………………………
StepII ……………………………
StepIV ………………
(i
i)Writ
eanequat i
onforthecompletecombust
ionofCHCH
(i
ii
)Givetwous esofCH4
28.Givethes ys
tematicnamesofthefol
lowingcompounds
;
i
)CH3=C-CH3

CH3
i
i)
CH3CH2CH2C≡ CH

29. Studyt
hedatagi
veni
nthef
oll
owi
ngtabl
eandans
wert
heques
tionst
hatf
oll
ow.The
l
ett
ers
ar
enottheact
uals
ymbol
sofel
ements
.

El
ement Numberofpr
otons Mel
ti
ngpoint BptoC
A 11 98 890
B 1
2 650 11
10
C 1
3 60 2470
D 1
4 1410 2360
E 1
5 442 280
590
F 1
6 11
3 445
11
9
G 1
7 -101 -35
H 1
8 -189 -
186

(
i)Stateandexplai
nt hetrendinmel ti
ngpointinABC
(
ii)Expl
ainwhythemel ti
ngpoi ntandboili
ngpointsofelementDisthehi ghes
t
(
iii
)Explai
nwhyt heelementr epresent
edbyl ett
erEhast womelti
ngpoi ntval
ues
(
iv)Wr i
tedownt hechemicalformulabetweenelementCands ul
phateions
(
v)Namet hechemicalf
ami l
yinwhi chHbel ongands t
ateoneuseoft heelement
(
vi)Whati sthenatur
eoft heoxideoft heelementsrepres
entedbylettersCandF ?

30.a)Thet ablebel owgi vesi nformati

onaboutthemaj orconsti
t uent sofcrudeoi l
.Studyit
and
answert heques t
ionst hatfoll
ow:
Cons tit
uent Boi l
ingpoi ntoC
Gas es Bel ow40
Pet rol 40- 175
Ker os ene 175- 250
Dies el 250- 350
Lubr icatingoi l 350- 400
Bitumen Above400
i)Whi choft hecons ti
tuentsofc rudehasmoleculeswit
ht hehi ghestnumberofcar bon
atoms ?Expl ain
ii
)Namet hepr oces syouwoul dusetosepar
ateami xt
ureofpet r
olanddi eseland
expl
ainhow
thes epar ationtakespl ace
ii
i)Explai
nwhyt hecons ti
tuentsofcrudeoi
ldonothaveas harpboi l
ingpoint
i
v)Namet hegast hati sli
kelytobeacons t
it
uentofcr udeoi landwr i
teitsformul
a

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 67
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
b)i)Whatcondi t
ioncoul dcaus eapoi sonousgast obef ormedwhenker oseneisbur
nt.
Explain
ii
)Gi veoneus eofbi tumen
31. St udyt hei nformat ionint het ablebelowandans wert heques t
ionsthatfol
low
Numberofcar bonat omsper Relat
ivemol ecularmas soft he
mol ecule hydrocar bon
2 28
3 42
4 56
i
)Wr itethegener alf or
mul aoft hehydrocarbonsi nt het able
i
i)Pr edictther el
ativeat omi cmas softhehydr ocar bonswi th5car bonatoms
i
ii)Det erminet her elat
iveat omi cmas softhehydr ocarboni n( i
i)aboveanddr awi
ts
st
ructur alf
ormul a( H=1.0,C=1 2.
0)
32. Subs tance“ M”wi thagener alformulaC2Hybur ntinchl ori
negaswi tharedf l
ame
producing
acl oudofbl acks pecksandcol ourles
sgasG.
(a)St atethecol l
ect i
venamef orcompoundswhi ch‘ M’bel ongs
(b)Wi thr eas on,s t
at ethei dentityoftheblacks pecksandcol ourgas“ G”.

33. 2. 63gofas ol
utionofs odi um chlori
deat20. 0oCwasr eactedwi thsi
lvernit
rate.Af t
er
f
ilt
rati
on,
was hi
nganddr ying,2. 36gofs i
lverchlor i
dewasobt ained.Det ermi
net hesolubil
ityof
sodium
chlori
deat20. 0oC.( Na=23,Cl =35.5,Ag=1 08)
(b)Det erminet henumberofmol esofcar bon(IV)Oxi degaspr oducedwhens odium
3
carbonater eactedwi t
hdi l
utes ulphuric(VI)aci d( Molargasvolume=24dm )
34. Wr i
tedownal lthei somer sofbut -z-eneandgi vet heirIUPACnames
35. ( a)Ahydr ocarboncompoundZdecol ourizesbromi nel iquidint hepresenceoflight
but
doesnotdecol our izeacidif
iedpot as si
um manganat e(VII
).Nameanddr awt he
str
uctural
f
or mulaoft he ei ghthmemberoft hishomol ogouss eries
36. ( a)Whati smeantbyi s omer i
sm?
(b)Drawandnamet woi s
omer sofBut yne

Ni
tr
ogenandi
tscompounds
1. Theappar
atusbel
owwass et
-upt os howthecat
alyt
icoxi
dat
ionofammoni
a.St
udyt
he
diagr
am
andanswertheques
tionst
hatf ol
low:-
DryNH3(g)

Hot
ni
chrome
wi
re

(
i)Wr
it
eanequat
ionf
ort
her
eact
iont
hatt
akespl
ace

(
ii
)Whyi
sitneces
sar
ytohaveahotni
chr
omewi
rei
nthegasj
ar?

(
ii
i)Wr
it
ethef
ormul
aoft
hecompl
exionfor
medwhenexces
sammoni
agasi
spas
sed
ForMoreE-ResourcesCal
l0705525657 68
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
t
hrough
as
olut
ioncont
ai ngZn2+i
ni ons

2. Thediagram bel
ows howst
hec
atal
yti
coxi
dat
ionofammoni
agas
.Us
eitt
oans
wert
he
ques
tions t
hatfol
low:
-

(
a)Whatmetalcoul
drodM bemadeof?
(
b)St
ateandexplai
ntwoobser
vat
ionsmadei
nsi
det
heconi
calf
las
k

3. Ammoni agasisprepar
edinthel
abor
ator
ybytheact
ionofanal
kal
ionanammoni
um
sal
t.
As
tudentwantedtoprepar
easampleofammoni
agasinthel
abor
ator
y.

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 69
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
(
a)Giveoneal
kal
ithatcanbeusedint
heaboveexperi
ment
(b)Writ
eanequat
ionforther
eact
iont
hatt
akesplacei
ntheaboveexper
iment

4. (
a)Expl
aint
heimportanceoft
hehighpercent
ageofni
trogeninair
(b)Whyisnit
rogenusedforst
orageofs
emeni nar
ti
fi
ciali
nseminati
on?

5. Thedi agram bel

owi
sus
edi
npr
epar
ati
onofagasi
nthel
abor
ator
y.Ans
wert
he
ques
tions
t
hatfol
low;

GasX

Ammonium
ni
tr
it
e he
Hatat
e Wat
er

(
a)NamegasX …………………………………………………………………………. .
(
b)Stat
eonephys
icalpropert
ywhichmakesi
tpos
sibl
efort
hegast
obecol
lect
edas
hown*
s
(
c)St
ateonecommercialuseofgasX

6 St
udyt
hef
lowchar
tsbel
owandus
ethem t
oans
wert
heques
tionst
hatf
oll
ow:
NH3(aq)i
nexces
s Whi
tepr
eci
pit
ate
Sol
uti
onA A
H2SO4(aq) Whit
e
pr
ecipi
tat
e

NH3(aq)i
nexces
s
Sol
uti
onB Whi
tepr
eci
pit
ate
B
H2SO4(aq)
NoWhite
(
a)I
dentif
ypos si
blecati
onspresentin: pr
eci
pit
ate
(i
)Soluti
onA
(ii
)Soluti
onB
(
b)Stat
eandexpl aintheobservat
ionsmadewhenas
ampl
eofdr
ywhi
tepr
eci
pit
ateB
i
s
heatedi
na t est
-tube
7. Thes et-
upbelowisanarrangementshowinghowmet
alsr
eactwi
thni
tr
ogen(
IV)
oxi
de.
St
udyitandanswert
heques ti
onsthatf
oll
ow:-

Coppermet
al

Heat
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 70
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

(a)Nitr
ogen( IV)oxideispas sedthroughthecombus t
iont
ubebef orecopperi sheated.
Gi ve ar easonfort his
(b)Statet heobs ervat
ionst hatwouldbemadeatt heendoft heexperi
menti nt he
combusti
on
tube
(c)NamegasN ……………………………………………………………………. .
8. ( a)I
nhaberpr ocesshydr ogenandni tr
ogenreactinthepresenceoffi
nelydividedi r
on
cat
alys
t.
Expl ainwhyt hecat alystisfi
nelydiv
ided
(b)Ami xt
ur eofN2,H2 andNH3 wasbubbl edthrough0.2M hydrochl
ori
cacids oluti
on.
Thef inalconcentrat
ionoft heacidwasfoundt obe0.1M.Giveexplanat
ion

9. I nanexper i
ment,af ewdropsofconcentr
atednitr
icaci
dwereaddedt oaqueousi
ron
I
Isul
phate
inat est
-tube.Excessammoni asol
uti
onwast henaddedtothemi xt
ure
(
a)Statetheobs ervati
onsthatweremadewhen: -
(i)Concentratednitr
icacidwasaddedtoaqueousi r
on(I
I)s
ulphate
(ii
)Exces sammoni awasaddedt othemi xt
ure
(
b)Wr it
eani onicequationfort
hereacti
onwhi choccur
redi
na( i
i)above

1
0. Thec
har
tbel
ows
howsas
ummar
yfort
hepr
epar
ati
onofni
tr
ogengasf
rom ai
r
Sodi
um Heated Nit
rogen
Ai
r Hydroxi
de Copper gas
sol
ution

I I
I I
II
(a)Whati sthepurpos
eoft hesodium hydr oxi
de?
(b)Wr i
teanequationfort
her eacti
ont aki
ngpl aceinchamberI I
(c)Thenitrogengasobtai
nedi snotpur e.Explain
1
1.Di
lutenit
ricacidisaddedtoexcessgr eens ol
id.Effer
vescenceoccursandabl
uesoluti
on
i
sformed.
Whenexces sammoni asolut
ionisaddedt oas ampl eofthesol
uti
onadeepbluesolut
ion
i
sformed
(
a)Identi
fytheanionandcationinthegr eens oli
d:
(b)Writeani oni
cequati
onforther eact
ionfor mi
ngdeepbl uesol
uti
on

1
2. Thedi
agr
am bel
owi
sas
et-
upf
orpr
epar
ati
onandcol
lect
ionofagas
.St
udyi
tans
wer
t
he
ques
tionst
hatf
oll
ow:

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 71
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

(
i)I
dent i
fygasX ………………………………………………………….
(ii
)Wr i
teanequationf ortheformati
onofgasX
(iii
)Whatprecaut
ions houldbeobs er
vedwhenprepar
inggasXbyt
heabovemet
hod?
(iv)Descri
bethes uitabledryi
ngagentforgasX
(v)Howcanoneconf ir
mt hatthegascoll
ect
edisgasX?
(vi)St
atetwophys icalproper
tiesofgasX

(b)Thedi
agr
am bel
owi saset
-upusedi
npr
epar
ati
onofammoni
asol
uti
on.St
udyi
tand
answer
thequest
ionst
hatfol
low

(
i)Whati st hepurpos eofthefi
lt
erfunnelintheset-upabove?
(
ii
)Whatwoul dhappeni fadeli
verytubewasus edinplaceofthefi
lt
erfunnel
?
(i
ii
)Whatobs er
vationwouldbemadeonl it
muspaperpl acedint
othes ol
uti
onint
he
beaker
attheendoft he experi
ment ?
13. Thef ollowingf l
owchar tshowstheindustri
almanufactur
eofNitr
ic(V)aci
d.
a)Identif
ys ubstanceB,C,EandF .
b)Des cri
bewhathappensi nthecatal
yti
cchamber.

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 72
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
c)St at
ewhattakespl aceinchamberD.
d)60–65%ni t
ric(V)acidisproducedintheabsor
pti
onchamber.Descr
ibehowt
he
aci
dcanbe
concent
rat
ed.
e)St at
ewhyni t
ric(V)acidisstoredindarkbot
tl
es.
f)Copperreactswithni t
ri
c(V)acidandnothydrochl
ori
caci
d.Expl
ain.

1
4. Thef lowchar
tbel
owi
ll
ust
rat
est
woi
ndus
tri
alpr
oces
ses
,Haberpr
oces
sandt
he
Cont
actpr
ocess
:

(i)Giv
et henameoft hepr ocessbywhi chairiss eper
atedint
ooxygenandni t
rogen
(ii
)Apartfrom oxygenandni tr
ogengas esproducedf r
om proces
s(a)(
i)Name
oneot hergaspr oduced
(b)Namet hes ubs tancesr epresentedbyt hel
et t
ersA,B,CandE
(c)Namet hecat alystsus edin:
(
i)Haber
Pr
oces
s ……………………………………………………………………. .
(i
i)Contact
Pr
oces
s ……………………………………………………………………. .
(d)Explai
nt heroleoft hecatalyst
si nboththeHaberandt heContactproces
ses
(e)Wr i
teachemi calequat ionfortheformati
onofcompoundB
(f)Cal
culat
et heper centagebymas softhenitrogenpresentincompoundD
(g)Giveonemaj orus eofcompoundE

1
5. Thediagr
am bel
owr epr
es ent
sas et
-upus
edt
oobt
ainni
tr
ogenfrom ai
r.St
udyi
tand
ans
wert heques
tionsthatfol
low:
-
Nitr
ogengas

Sol
idQ

HEAT

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 73
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

(i)Names oli
dQ . ..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
(ii)Whati sthepurposeofs odi
um hydr oxi
de
(iii
)Wr i
teanequati
onforther eacti
onwhi cht ookplaceintube“ P”
(iv)Gi vethenameofonei mpuri
tyint heni t
rogengasobt ained
(v)Gi vear easonwhyliqui
dni t
rogeni sus edforstorageofs emenf orart
if
ici
al
i
nsemi
nat i
on

(
b)Thes
et-
upbel
owwasus
edt
opr
epar
eni
tr
icaci
d.

(
i)Givethenameofl i
quid‘R’ ..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
(
ii
)Explai
nt hefol
lowing:
-
(a)Nitr
icacidisstoredindar
kbottl
es
(b)Ther eact
ionbetweencoppermetalwith50%ni t
ricacidinanopent ubegives
br
ownf
umes

1
6. St
udyt
hef
lowchar
tbel
owandans
wert
heques
tionswhi
chf
oll
ow:

Ni
tr
ogen Hydr
ogen
I
II Ai
r
Li
qui
dF

I GasM

Ammoni
a I
I Catal
ystP Absor
pti
o NO2+
Ai
r (700oC) ntower Ai
r
I
V

Ni
tr
icaci
d
(
i)Gi
veones
our
ceoft
hef
oll
owi
ngr
awmat
eri
als
(
s)
(
a)Ni
trogen
gas ……………………………………………………………………………….
.
(
b)Hydrogengas
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 74
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
…………………………………………………………………………………. .
(i
i)Statet hreeconditi
onsr equi
redinprocessI
(
iii
)Name:cat al
ys tP…………………………………………………………………
GasM……………………………………………………………………. .
……
(
iv)Wr itechemi calequati
onsf or;
(a)For mationofgasM
(b)Ther eactioni ntheabsorpti
ont ower
(
v)Gi vet wor eas onswhys t
epI Visnecessar
y
(
vi)Des cribehowyouwoul dtestifagivenli
quidisanitr
ate
(
vii)Givet hreeus esofni
tr
icacid
17. Thedi agram bel ows howstheappar at
usforthelabor
ator
yprepar
ati
onofoneoft
he
oxi
des
ofNitrogen

a)( i
)Namet hegasbei ngpr oduced
( i
i)Wr i
tet heequat i
onf orthet hermaldecompos it
ionofammoni um Ni t
rate
( i
ii)Thegasi sbeingcol l
ectedoverhotwat er.Explain
( i
v)St ateandexpl aint heobs er vat
ionsmadewhenbur nings ulphurisl ower edintoa
gasj arcont aini
ngt hegas
( b)(i)Namet hecatal ys tuseddur i
ngcat al
yt i
coxi dationofammoni a
(
ii)Ni trogen( I
V)oxi deist hef i
nalpr oductdur i
ngcat alyti
coxi dationofammoni a.
Wr i
teachemi calequat i
onf oritsf ormat i
on
(i
ii)St atet wophys icaldi f
fer encesbet weenNi trogen( I)oxideandNi trogen( I
V)
Oxi
de
( c)Ni tricaci dispr epar edint hel aboratorybyact i
onofconcent rateds ulphuric(VI
)
aci
d
onas uitabl
eNi t rat eanddi sti
lli
ngof ft heNi tr
icacid,i nallglassappar atus.
(i)Whymus ttheappar at usbemadeofgl ass?
(
ii)Hotconcent r
at edNi tricaci dr eactswi ths ulphurint heequat ionbel ow: -
S(s)+6HNO3(aq) H2SO3(aq)+6NO2(g)+2H2O(l)
(I
)I dent i
fythes peci es: -
Oxi dised………………………… Reduced
…………………………………
( I
I)Pur eni tr
icacidi scol ourles sbutt heproductdur ingitspr eparati
oni sus ual
lypal
e
yel
low.
Explain

1
8. a)Descr
ibet
heproces
sby whi
choxygencanbeobtainedfr
om aironlar
ge s
cal
e
b)Thefl
owchar
tbelowshowst
heindust
ri
almanuf
actureofnit
ri
c(V)aci
d
X Y D
Pur
if
ie Catal
yti
c Heat Absor
ptio
r chamber exchanger ntower
Y Y Nit
ric(
V)
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 75
aci
d
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

i
)I dentif
ys ubst
ancesXandY
i
i)Wr iteanequat i
onfort
her eacti
ontaki
ngplaceintheabs orpti
ont ower
i
ii
)Theconcent rat
ionoft
heaci dobtai
nedisabout60%.Howcant hisconcent
rati
onbe
i
ncreased
t
oabout65%?
i
v)Af actoryusesnit
ri
c(V)acidandammoni aast heonlyreactantsfortheproducti
onof
afert
il
izer.
Ifamas sof9600kgoffert
il
izerwasproduced,cal
culat
et hemas sofammoniagas
needed
(N=1 4, H=1 , O=1 6)

1
.9
AI
R

F
il
ter

St
epI

Sodium
hydroxi
de
St
epI
I

Coolt
o-25oC St
epI
II Aircompressed
andexpanded
St
epI
V

Pr
oces
sX

O2 N2 Ar
-
196oC -
186oC

(
a)Nameanothers ubst
ancewhichcanbeusedinst
eadofs
odi
um hydr
oxi
de
(
b)Whatist
hef uncti
onoffil
ter
s?
(
c)I
dent
if
ythes ubs t
anceremovedatst
epII
I
(
d)Atwhatt
emper aturedoesli
qui
doxygendis
til
?
(
e)I
dent
if
yproces sX
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 76
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
(
f)Des cribehowpr ocessXoccur s
(
g)I .Stateoneindus t
ri
aluseofNi t
rogen
(
II)Airisamixturebutnotacompound.Gi vetworeasons
20. Using chemicalequations show the bl
eachi
ng act
ions ofchl
ori
neand
sul
phur
(IV)oxide
21. The di agr am bel
ow r epr
es ent
s anincompleteset-
upforprepar
ati
onofadry
sampl
e ofgasR

a)Compl etetheset-
upt oshowhowadr ysampleofgasRiscoll
ect
ed
b)Wr i
teachemi calequati
onforthereacti
onthatpr
oducesgasR
22. The di agram below wasus edtoinvesti
gatethe r
eacti
onbetweenni
tr
ogen(
I)
oxi
de
and copper
turni
ngs.Studyitandans werthequest
ionsthatf
oll
ow:

a)Whathasbeenomittedint
heset
-up?(show i
tont he di
agr
am)
b)Wri
teachemicalequati
onf
ort
her eact
iont
hattookpl
aceinthecombus
tiont
ube
c)St
ateoneuseofgasP

23. Whens ul
phurpowderisheatedtoover400oCt hef
oll
owi
ngchangesareobserved:
-
o
At11
3Ci tmel
tsint
olightbrownliqui
d.Theli
quidt
hendarkenst
obecomer eddi
sh-
brown
andveryvi
scousat160oC.Above160oCtheli
qui
dbecomesalmostbl
ack.Atthe
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 77
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
boi
li
ngpoint
theli
quidbecomesmobi le.Explai
ntheseobs ervati
ons
24. Concentrat
eds odi
um chlor
ide(Brine)wasel ect
rolysedusi
ngplati
num el
ectr
odes.
Whatwouldbet hedi
ff
erencei ntermsofpr oductsateachelect
rodeifdi
lut
es odi
um
chl
ori
de
sol
uti
onwasus edinplaceofbr i
ne.Explai
n

25. (i)Nit
rogen(I)Oxides uppor
ts,combust
ionofbur ningcharcoal
.Wri
teanequation
toshowt hi
sr eacti
on
(
ii
)Ammoni um nit
ratecanbeheat edtogiveoffnitrogen(I)Oxi
de.However
,ami xtur
e
ofNH4ClandNaNO3i spref
err
ed.Expl
ain
(
ii
i)Ammoni atur
nswetr edli
tmuspaperblue.Whi chionisrespons
ibl
eforthi
s
react
ion
26. St udythes chemebel owandans wertheques t
ionst hatf
oll
ow:

Sol
idE+Ca(
OH)
2pas
te

St
epI War
m

Ammoni
agas

St
epI
I Passthr
oughaluminium
sul
phatesolut
ionand
f
il
ter
Sol
idF

(
a)Namesol
idsEandF
(
b)Wri
tedownabalancedequat
ionf
ort
her
eact
ionst
hatl
eadt
ofor
mat
ionofs
oli
dF

27. Whenaf ewdr opsofaqueousammoni awer eaddedt oacol our l

es ssoluti
onX,awhi te
precipitatewasf ormed.Onaddi tionofmor eaqueousammoni a,thewhi t
epr eci
pitat
e
dissolvedt oacol our lesss oluti
onQ
(a)Namet hewhi tepr ecipitatefor med
(b)Wr i
tef ormulaoft hecompl exi onpr esentinthecolourl
es ss oluti
onQ
(c)Wr iteani oni
cequat i
onf ort hef ormat i
onoft hewhitepreci pi
tate
28. Thef i
r ststepi nt hei ndus tri
almanuf actureofni t
ri
ccidisthecat alyt
icoxidationof
ammoni a
gas .
a)Whati st henameoft hecat al
ys tus ed?
b)Wr itet heequat ionf orthecat alyti
cox idat
ionofammoni agas .
c)Ni t
ricaci di sus edt omakeammoni um nit
rate.Stat
eoneus eofammoni um nitr
ate.
29. Expl ainwhati sobs ervedwhenammoni agasi sbubbledintoCopper( I
I)sulphate
sol
uti
on
t
il
linexces s.
30. ( a)Statet hecondi tionsunderwhi chni tr
ogenr eactwithhydrogent of or
m ammoni a
duri
ng
Haberpr ocess
(b)Whendr yammoni agasi spas sedoverhotcopper( I
I)Oxide,as hinnybr own
r
esidue
anda col our l
es sdr opletsar ef ormed.Explainthesetwoobs ervati
ons
31. St udyt hef l
owchar tbel owandans wert heques ti
onsthatfoll
ow

Heat
ed GasA
NH3(aq)
F
orMor
CopeE
per-
R
(
Ies
I
) our
cesCal
l0705525657 78
Oxi
de Li
qui
dB
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

(a)Statetheobs ervat
ionmadewhenammoni
aispas
sedoverheat
edCopper(
II
)
Oxi
de
(b)Identi
fy:-
(i)GasA …………………………………………. ………
(
ii)Liqui
dB ………………………………. .…………………

Sul
phurandi
tscompounds
1. Sulphuri
sextr
actedf
rom under
grounddeposi
tsbyapr
oces
sinwhi
cht
hreeconcent
ri
c
pipesar
e
sunkdowntothedeposi
tsasshownbelow
J

L
K

(
a)Nametheproces
srepres
entedabove
(
b)Whati
spasseddownthroughpipeJ?
(
c)Namethetwoall
otr
opesofsul
phur

2. Commer cialsulphuri
caci dhasadens it
yof1 .8gcm3.
(a)Calculatet hemolar i
tyofthisacid
(b)Deter minet hevolumeofcommer cialacidin(a)abovethatcanbeusedto
prepar e
500cm3 of0. 2M H2SO4 soluti
on
3. Ol eum (
H2S2O7)i sani ntermediat
epr oducti ntheindustr
ialmanuf
act
ureofsul
phur
ic
aci
d
(a)Howi sol eum conver t
edintos ul
phur ic(I
V)acid?
(b)Giveoneus eofsulphuri
cac i
d
4. Di ffer
entiatebet weent hebleachi
ngact ionofchl ori
deands ul
phur(I
V)oxi
degas.

5. (i
)Isconcent rat
eds ulphuricacidaweakaci doras t
rongacid?
(i
i)Explai
nyourans weri n(i)above.
6. I nthemanuf actureofs ulphuri
caci d,sulphur(IV)oxi
deisoxi dizedtosulphur(VI)
oxi
de.
a)Namet hecatalystus ed
b)Wr it
et heequat i
onr epresenti
ngt heconver sionofsulphur(IV)oxideto
sul
phur(
VI)oxide
c)Explainusingequat i
onshowdi lutes ulphuri
cacidisfi
nall
yobt ai
nedfr
om s ul
phur(VI
)
oxi
de
7. Whenami xt
ureofconcent r
ateds ulphuricacidandcoppert urningsisstrongl
yheated,

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 79
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
acol
our
les
sgasands
oli
dmi
xtur
eofwhi
teandbl
acks
oli
dsar
efor
med.Whent
his
s
oli
d
mixtureist r
eatedwithdis
til
ledwat er,andf
il
tered,abluesolut
ionandblacks ol
id
resi
due
arecollected.Expl
aintheobs ervat
ionsonthes ol
idmixtur
eformedint heabove
experi
ment
8. Thes et-upbelowisus edtopr eparedrysul
phur( I
V)Oxideinthelaborat
ory.Answer
questi
ons
thatfol
low: di
luteH2SO4
Gasjar

Sodi
um
Sul
phit
e Conc.
H2SO
4
(a)Ident i
fythemi stakei nt hes et-up
(b)Wr iteanequat i
onf ort her eact ioni nt hes et-
up
(c)St atehowt hepol lutingef fect soft hegasont heenvi ronmentcanbecont roll
ed
9. ( a)St atet heobs ervat ionmadeatt heendoft heexper i
mentwhenami xt
ureofi ron
powderand s ulphurar eheat edi nat est-t
ube
(b)Wr iteanequat i
onf ort her eact ionbet weent hepr oducti n(a)aboveanddi lute
hydrochloricaci d
(c)Whenami xtur eofi ronpowderands ulphuri sheat editglowsmor ebr i
ght lythan
thatofironf ill
ingsand s ul phur.Expl aint hisobs ervati
on
1
0. ( a)Nameoner eagentt hatcanber eact edwi thdilut
ehydr ochl
oricaci dtopr oduce
Sulphur(IV)oxi de
(b)Whatwoul dbeobs er vedi fmoi s
tbl uel itmuspaperi sdr oppedi ntoagasj arof
sulphur(IV)oxi de? Expl ainyourans werwi thanequat i
on
1
1. ( a)St atet wopr oper t i
est hatvul canizedr ubberpos sesasar esultofvulcanizat i
on
(b)Dur ingF r
aschpr oces smol tens ulphurf lowsoutt hrought hemi ddlepipebutnot
throught heout erpi pe.Gi vear eas on
1
2. ( a)Gi vet wor eas onswhydur ingt hemanuf actureofs ulphuric(VI)acid,sulphur( VI)
Oxi
de,
i
sdi ss
olvedi nconcent ratedSul phur ic( VI)acidi nsteadofdi ssolvi
ngi nwat er
b)St at eoneus eofs ulphur ic( VI)aci d
1
3. Thedi agram bel owmaybeus edt or eacthydr ogens ulphideands ulphur(I
V)oxi de.
Studyi tandans wert heques tionst hatf ol l
ow: -

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 80
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

(a)Whatisobservedinthejars
(b)Writ
eanequat ionforthereact
ion
(c)Whatistheroleofs ul
phur(I
V)oxidei
nthereacti
on
14. Thediagram bel
ows howst heextr
acti
onofsul
phurbyFras
chpr
oces
s.
A
B
C

Gr
oundl
evel
Sul
phurbeds

a)St
atetheus esofpi pesA,BandC.
b)Giv
et wocrystall
ir
ic allot
ropesofsul
phur.
c)Writ
eanequat ionfort hecombusti
onofs ul
phur
.
d)Namet heproductfor medwhenami xt
ureofsul
phurandI
roni
sheat
ed.

e)Givet wous esofs ul

phur.
f)6.0dm3 ofsulphur( I
V)oxidewereoxidizedbyoxygentos ul
phur(VI)oxi
de.
(i
)Wr i
teanequat ionforthereacti
on.
(i
i)Calcul
atethenumberofmol esofsulphur(
IV)oxideandoxygenus edatR.T.
P.
(i
ii
)Det er
minet hevolumeofoxygenus ed.
(MolarvolumeofagasatR. T.
P.is24.0dm3)
15. Thedi agramsbel owr epr
esenttwoallot
ropesofSulphur
.Studythem andanswerthe
ques
tions
whichfoll
ow:-

X Y

(i)Namet het woal l

otr
opesl abelledXandY
(ii
)(I)Explainwhyapi eceofbur ningmagnes ium cont
inuestoburninagasj arof
Sul
phur
(
IV)Oxi de
(II)Expl
ainhowoneoft hepr oductsf or
medi n(I)abovecanbeobt ai
nedfrom the
mixt
ure
16. ( a)(i)Namet hetwocr ystal
linef ormsofs ulphur
(
ii
)Br i
eflyexplai
nhowpl as ti
cs ulphurisformed
(b)Thes chemebel owr epres entst hestepsfoll
owedi nthecont
actproces
s .Studyi
t
andanswer
the ques t
ionsthatfollow: -

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 81
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

Sol
idA Ai
r

Bur
ner
SO2
Air

Pur
if
ier
Conc.H2SO4
Dr
ySO2 andai
r

SO3 Heat
Absor
pti
o Cool
er exchanger
nTower
SO3
Oleum SO2
Air
Di
lut
er
Catalyt
ic
Conc.H2SO4 convert
er

(
a)Namet wopos si
bleidenti
tiesofs ol
idA
(b)Nameonei mpuriti
esr emovedbyt hepuri
fi
er
(c)Whyi sitnecessaryt oremovei mpur it
ies?
(d)Wr it
edownt heequat i
onoft her eact
iontaki
ngpl aceintheconver
ter
(e)(I)Namet hetwocat al
yststhatcanbeus edint heconvert
er
(II
)Whati sthefunctionofheatexchanger ?
(f)Sulphur
ic(VI)Oxidei snotdissolveddi r
ectl
yintowat er
?Explai
n
(g)(I)Namet hemai npol l
utantinthecont actprocess.
(I
I)Howcant hepol luti
onin( g)( I
)abovebecont rol
led?
(h)Giveoneus eofs ulphuric(VI)acid

7. Thes
et-
upbel
owwasus
edt
opr
epar
edr
ysampl
eofhydr
ogens
ulphi
degas

(
a)(i
)Completet
hediagr
am t
oshowhowt
hegaswascol
lect
ed
(i
i)I
denti
fyt
hefol
lowi
ng:
-
I.Sol
idH
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 82
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
………………………………………………………………………………
I
I.Sol idI
……………………………………………………………………………. .
(i
ii
)Wr iteanequat i
onf ort
her eactiont hatoccurredint hefl
askbet weens oli
dHand
di
lute
Hydr ochloricaci d
(b)Whenhydr ogens ulphi degaswaspas sedthroughas olut
ionofIr
on( II
I)chlori
de,t
he
f
oll
owi ng
obs ervationswer emade: -
(i
)t hecol ouroft hes olut
ionchangedf rom reddish-browntogreenand
(i
i)ayel lows olidwasdepos i
ted
Explaint heobs ervati
on
(c)Int hemanuf actureofSul phuric( VI)acidbycont actprocesssulphur(IV)oxidei
s
madet o
reactwi thai rtof orms ulphur( VI )oxideass hown:-
2SO2(g)+O2(g) 2SO3(g) H=- 196KJ
(i
)Namet hecat alys tinthisr eaction
(
ii
)St at eandexpl aint heef fectoft hef ol
lowingchangesont heyieldofs ul
phur(VI)
oxi
de
I.Increas i
ngt hepr essur e
II
.Us i
ngacat alys t
(i
ii
)Expl ainwhys ulphur(VI )ox i
degasi sabs or
bedi nconcentrateds ul
phur( VI
)aci
d
before
dilution

1
8.Thefl
owchartbel
owshowsasequenceofchemicalr
eact
ionss
tar
ti
ngwi
ths
ulphur
.
St
udyitandanswert
heques
tionst
hatf
oll
ow:-
St
ep3
St
ep1 Sol
uti
on CuO(s) Cu2+(aq) St
ep2
Cu(
OH)
2(
s) CuO(s)
S(
s) A NaOH(aq) Heat
Hot
ni
tr
i d +g
caci asC St
ep4 Hcl
(
aq)

Cu(s) St
ep5 Cu+2
Met
alQ
(a)(i
)St ateoneobs ervati
onmadewhent her eact i
onins t
ep1wasi nprogres
s
(ii)Explainwhydi l
utehydrochloricacidcannotbeus edi ns t
ep1
(i
ii)Wr it
et heequat i
onforther eactionthatt ookplaceins tep1
(i
v)Namet hereact i
onsthattookpl aceins tep4
(v)Names olut
ionA ……………………………………………………………….
(vi)Stateandexpl ainthehar mfuleff
ectsont heenvironmentofthegasC
pr
oducedi ns tep1
1
9 a)Sul phuroccur s naturall
yi nt wodi f
ferentformscal l
ed allotr
opes;
i
)Whatar eall
otropes
ii)thet wo al l
otropes ofs ulphurar es table atdi f
ferentt emperat
ures,as
s
hown inthe
equat i
onsbel ow.
above95. 5o
Rhombi cs ul
phur monocl i
nics ulphur
bel 5o
ow95.
Gi
vethenametothet
emperat
ure95.5ºC
b)bel
ow isa f
low di
agr
am f
ort
he contactpr
oces
sformanuf
act
ure ofs
ulphur
ic
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 83
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
aci
d(VI
)

ai
r St
ep
St
ep1 2
Y
Pure SO3
Sul
phur SO2 SO2 Dryi
n SO2 Conver
to
Z Dust
ai
r(Oxygen) ai
r g ai
r Y r
pr
ecipi
tat
or tower

Concent
rate SO3
dH2SO4

St
ep
4
X
Concent
rate St
ep
dH2SO4 3

i
)Givethenameoft hechamber slabel
led
(
1½mks)
ii
)St at
et hethreecondi ti
onsintheconverter
(
1½mks)
i
ii
)Explainwhyt hegas esar epassedthough:
I.Thedus tpr eci
pit
atoranddr yi
ngpower
I
I.Thechamberl abeledY
(
iv)Wr i
tet hebalancedequat i
onsforthereact
ionsi
n: St
ep2

Step3
Step4
20. St
udyt
hefigur
ebel
ow:

KMnO4(aq)

KMnO4(aq)
andconc.H2SO4

Stat
eandexplai
ntheobser
vat
ionsmadei
n:
TesttubeL ………………………………………………………………. .
TesttubeK ………………………………………………………………………. .
21
. Thes et
-upbel
owwasusedtoprepar
eandcol
lecthydr
ogens
ulphi
degas.St
udyi
tand
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 84
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
ans
wer
t
heques
tionst
hatf
oll
ow:
-

(
a)Namesol
idV
(
b)Givear
easonwhywar
m wat
eri
sus
edi
nthes
et-
up

22. Sul
phur(I
V)oxideandni
trogen(
II
)oxi
deares
omeofthegasesrel
eas
edf
rom i
nter
nal
combust
ionengines
.St
atehowthesegas
esaf
fectt
heenvi
ronment

23. Whenhydr ogens ul

phidegaswasbubbledint
oanaqueouss ol
uti
onofIr
on( I
II
)
chl
ori
de,a
yel
lowpreci
pit
atewasf or
med.
a)Stat
eanotherobservat
ionthatwasmade.
b)Wr i
teanequati
onforthereacti
onthatt
ookplace.
c)Whattypeofreacti
onwasunder gonebyhydr
ogens ul
phi
deinthi
sreact
ion?

24. I
nanat temptt oprepareSul
phur(I
V)Oxi
degas,di
lut
eSul
phuri
caci
dwasr eacted
withbarium carbonat
e.Theyiel
dofSul
phurdi
oxi
dewasfoundtobenegl
igibl
e.
Explai
n

Chl
ori
neandi
tscompounds
1
. (
i)Stateoneobs ervati
onmadeinthi
sexperi
ment
(i
i)Ident
if
yt hes ubst
ancesf
ormedintheabovereact
ion
2. Hydr ogenchlori
degaswaspas sedint
owaterasshownbel ow:

Dryhydr
ogen
chl
ori
degas

I
nver
tedf
unnel

Wat
e
r
(
a)Whenabl uelit
muspaperwasdr oppedi
ntother
esul
ti
ngsol
uti
on,i
ttur
nedr
ed.
Gi
veareas
on
f
ort
his observat
ion
(b)Whatist
hef uncti
onofthefunnel
?
ForMor eE-ResourcesCall0705525657 85
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
3. Agr oupofcompoundscal l
edchlor
ofluoro-carbonshaveawi derangeofusesbutthey
alsohave
harmfuleffectsont heenvir
onment.Stateone: -
a)Us eofchl orof
luorocar
bons
b)Har mfuleffectofchl
orof
luor
ocarbonsont heenvi ronment.
4. a)Wat erfrom at owninKenyaissus pectedtocont ainchlor
ideionsbutnotsul
phate
ions.
Des cri
behowt hepresenceoft
hechl ori
dei onsinthewat ercanbeshown.
5. I nanexper i
ment ,chl
ori
newaspas sedint omois thydrogensulphi
deinaboil
ingtube
as
shownbel ow:

(a)Whatobs ervationwasmadei nt heboili

ngt ube?
(b)Writ
eanequat i
onoft her eactionthattookpl acei
nt heboi
lingtube
(c)Whatpr ecauti
ons houldbet akeni ncarryi
ngoutt hi
sexperiment?Givear eason
6. Heat edironcanr eactwithbot hchl ori
negasandhydr ogenchlori
degas
i
)Wr i
teequat i
onsf orther eactions
i
i)Chl
orinegashasnoef fectondr ybluelit
muspaper .Expl
ain
7. Thefoll
owingdi agram represent sas et-upthatcanbeus edi
nt helabor
ator
yt o
pr
epar
eand
coll
ectas ampl eofchl or
inegas :

Manganese
(
IV)oxide

(a)Nogasbubbl eswer epr

oducedintheaboveexper
iment.Explai
ntheobs
erv
ati
on
(b)Completet hefollowi
ngequati
on
Cl2O(g)+H 2O(l
)
(c)Descri
bet hebl eachi
ngproper
tyofchl
ori
newater
8. Studyt
hef lowdi agram bel
owandanswerthequesti
onsthatfol
low:

Sal
tM
HCl(aq) MnO2 GasL
Cold
di
lute NaCl
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705
NaOH657
525 (
aq)
86
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

(a)NamegasL ……………………………………………………………
(b)Wr it
eabal anc edequat ionforthereacti
onbet weenhydr ochl
oricacidand
manganes e
(I
V)oxide
(c)Explainwhathappenst ocolouredpetalswhendr oppedi nt
oas oluti
onofM
9. Car bon( IV)Oxi de,met hane,nitr
ogen( I
)Oxideandt ri
chloromethanear egreenhous
e
gas
es
(i)Stateoneef f
ectofani ncreasedleveloft
hes egas estotheenvi r
onment
(ii
)Gi veones ourcefrom whicheachoft hefoll
owinggas esisreleasedtothe
environment ;
(i)Nit
rogen( I)Oxi de
(ii)Tr
icholomet hane

1
0. ( a)Twor eagentsthatcanbeus edtopr eparechlor
inegasaremanganese(I
V)oxide
and
concentrat
ed hydr ochloricacid.
(i
)Wr it
eanequat ionf orther eaction
(i
i)Givethef or
mulaofanot herr eagentthatcanbereact
edwithconcent
rat
ed
hydr
ochl
oricacid
t
opr oducechlorinegas
(i
ii
)Des cri
behowt hechl ori
negascoul dbedr i
edandcoll
ect
edinthelabor
atory

(
b)Inanexper
iment
,dr
ychl
ori
negaswasr
eact
edwi
thal
umi
nium ass
howni
nthe
di
agr
am bel
ow

Cal
cium Chl
ori
de

Al
umi
nium

Dry
Chlor
ine
gas
A
(
i)Names
ubs
tanceAHeat

(
ii
)Wr
it
eanequationforthereact
iont
hattookplaceinthecombust
iontube
(
ii
i)St
atet
hef unct
ionofthecal
cium chl
ori
deintheset-
upabove
1
1. Thefi
gurebel
owwass
etbyas
tudentt
oinv
est
igat
ether
eact
ionbet
weenchl
ori
negasand
hydr
ogengas:

Chl
ori
ne
gas

F
las
k

Hydrogen
sul
phidegas

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 87
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

(a)Wr i
teanequat ionf orthereacti
ont hattookplaceint hefl
ask
(b)Whatobs er vationwasmadei nthef l
ask?
(c)Whatpr ecaut i
ons houl
dbet akeni ncarryingouttheexper i
ment?
12. I nanat temptt opr epar eagas,Sabul eiaddedc o
1ncent
ratedh ydr
ochl
ori
caci
dto
Potassi
um manganat e.Theproductswer ethenpas s
edt hroughtwowashbottl
es
contai
ningwat erandconcent rateds ulphuri
cacid
(a)Namet hegas
prepar
ed…………………………………………………………………………
(b)Namet hepur pos eofwashbot tl
e:
(i)Containingwat er
?
(ii
)Cont aini
ngconcent r
ateds ulphuri
cacid?

1
3. St
udyt
hes
chemebel
owandans
wert
heques
tionst
hatf
oll
ow.
FeSO4(aq)
St
epI
Cl2(g)
Yel
low St
epII Br
owns
oli
d St
epIII Sol
id
sol
uti
onF AddNaoH(
aq) Heat +
andfi
lt
rat
e wat
er

(
a)Wri
tethefor
mulaoft hecat
ionpres
entintheyel
lows
olut
ionF
(
b)Whatproper
tyofchlori
neisshowninStepII
?
(c)Wr
it
eanequationforthereact
ionins
tepIII

1
4. (
i)Nameonedr yi
ngagentf
orhydrogenChl or
ide
(ii
)Stat
eandex pl
aint
heobser
vationthatwouldbemadewhenhydr
ogenChl
ori
de
gasisbubbl
edint
oasolut
ionofSilvernit
rat
e

Aci
ds,bas
esands
alt
s
1
. Studyt hereact
ionbelowandans wert heques t
ionsthatfol
low
+ -
NH3(g)+H2O(l) NH4 (aq)+OH(aq)
(
a)Def inetheterm aci
d
(
b)I denti
fyanacidintheabover eact
ion
(
c)Expl ainyouranswersin( b)above
2. As tudentmixedequalvol umesofEt hanolandbut anoi
caci d.Headdedaf
ewdr
ops
of
concent
rat
edSul
phuri
c( VI
)aci
dandwarmedthemixt
ure
(i
)Nameandwr i
tetheformul
aofthemai
nproduct
s

Name………………………………….
For
mula……………………………………. .
(
ii
)Whichhomol
ogouss
eri
esdoest
hepr
oductnamedi
n(i
)abovebel
ong?

3. Asampleofwaterf
rom avi
ll
ageinTransMaraEastDi
str
ictwasdivi
dedint
oequal
porti
ons
andeachmixedwit
hequalvolumeofsoapsol
uti
on.Theobservat
ionsmadear
e
tabul
atedbel
ow:

Sampleof Tr
eat
mentbef
oreaddi
ngs
oap Observat
ionsmadeon
wat
er shaki
ngwi t
hsoap

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 88
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
I Boil
ed Latherformimmedi
atel
y
I
I Not r
eat
ment Sli
ghtlatherfor
msl
owly
I
II Treat
mentwi
thwas
hings
oda Latherformed
immediately

(
a)Whatt ypeofhardnes sispresentinwaterf
rom t
hevil
lage.Explai
n
(
b)St at
eoneadv antageofhardwat er
4. Thes olubi
li
tyofIron(II
)Sulphatecrystal
sare22oCi
s15.
65gper1 00gofwater
.
Calcul
ate
themas sofi
ron(I
I)sulphat
ec ryst
alsin45gofsat
urat
eds olut
ionatthesae
temperature

5. Hardnessofwatermayber emovedbyeitherboi
li
ngoraddit
ionofchemi
cal
s:
(a)Writ
eanequat i
ontoshowhowboi l
ingremoveshardnes
sofwater
(b)Namet wochemical
sthatareusedtoremovehardnessofwater

6. St
ateoneadvant
ageofdr
inki
nghar
dwat
err
athert
hans
oftwat
er.

7 Givent hisreacti
on;
RNH2 +H2O RNH3++OH-
a)Ident i
fytheacidinthef or
wardr eact ion.Explai
n
b)Dilutenitri
cacidcanr eactwit
has olutionofs odium car
bonat
e.Writ
eanionic
equat
ion
f
ort he reacti
on
8. Magnes ium hydrogencarbonatei
sr es pons i
bleforthetemporaryhar
dnessofwater.
Thist ypeofhar dnesscanber emovedbyaddi tionofammoni asol
uti
on
(a)Des cri
behowt emporari
lyhardwat eri sformed
b)Wr i
teanequat i
ontoshowt hes ofteni ngoft empor ar
il
yhardwaterbytheaddi
tion
ofaqueous ammoni um sol
ution
39
9. When2M pot assi
um hydr oxidesoluti
onwasa d
1
dedt
9K
os oluti
onR,awhi t
epr ecipi
tat
eT
was
formedwhi chdissolvedinexces spot assi
um hydr oxides olutiontof orms oluti
onL.
sol
uti
on
Rfor msawhi teprecipit
atewi thsodium chlori
des ol
ution:
(a)Identi
fythecationins oluti
onR .
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
...
..
..
....
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
(b)Namepr eci
pit
ateT ...
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
...
..
..
..
...
...
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
.
(c)Wr i
tethemol ecularformulaoft hecompoundi ns olutionL

1
0. Belowisat abl
es howi
ngt
hesolubi
li
ti
esofs
alt
sQandRatdif
ferentt
emperat
ures
.
o
TemperatureC 0 10 20 30 40 50
Solubi
li
ti
esingr ammes Sal
tQ 3. 0 5.0 7.
4 1 0.
0 1 4.0 1 9.
0
per100gofwat er Sal
tR 1 5.
0 17.
0 20. 25.7 28. 7 33.
0
7

(a)Definetheterm“ Sol
ubil
it
yofs alt
”
(b)Ifbothsal
tsQandRar epr es entin100cm3 ofs
aturat
edsol
utionat50oC,whatwil
l
bethetotalmas sofcr
ys talsformedifthesol
utionwascooledto20oC?
11
. Thef ol
lowi
ngres ul
tswereobt aineddur i
nganexper i
menttodetermi
nethes ol
ubi
li
ty
ofpot
assium
chlorat
e(V)
inwat erat30ºC.
Mas sofevaporat
ingdish=15.86g
Mas sofevaporat
ingdish+s aturateds ol
uti
onat30º C=26.8g
ForMor eE- Res ourcesCal l0705525657 89
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
Mas sofevapor at
iondish+s ol
idpotassium chlorate(v)aft
erevaporat
ionto
drynes
s =1
6.86g
Calculat
et hemas softhes atur
ateds ol
utioncont aini
ng60. 0gofwaterat30ºC
12. (a)Whati smeantbyt het erms ol
ubili
tyofs alt
s?
(b)Calcul
atethes ol
ubil
ityofs al
tgiventhat1 5goft hesaltcansatur
ate25cm3 of
water
(c)Thet ablebelowgivesthes olubil
it
yofs altXi ngramsper1 00gofwateratdiff
erent
t
emper atur
es
TempoC 1 0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Solubil
it
y 5. 0 7. 5 1 0.
5 1
4.0 18.5 24.0 30. 0 38.0 46.0 50. 1
(g/1
00g)
water

(
i)Pl
otas
olubi
li
tycur
vef
ors
altX(
sol
ubi
li
tyi
ng/
100gwat
erY-axi
s)(
tempoC (
X–axi
s)

(i
i)Whati smeantbyt hepointsplottedin( i)above? ..
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
(i
ii
)F rom yourgr aphdeterminethes olubil
ityofs altXatt hef ol
lowingt emper atures
I 44oC ………………………………………….
I 62oC
I ………………………………………. .
(
iv)Whatmas sofcr
ystalsofthes al
twi l
lbef ormedi fthes ol
utionwascool edf r
om
62oCt o44oC
(
v)Namet woar easwhereknowl edgeofs ol
ubi l
it
ycur vesisappl ied
13. Youar egi venami xt
ureofLead( I
I)Chloride,Iodine,ammoni um chlorideands odium
chl
oride.
Explainhowyouwoul ds eparateallthef ours oli
dsus i
ngmet hylbenzene,as ource
ofheatand
water
14. ( a)Thet abl
ebelows howsthes olubil
ityofpot ass i
um chlorateatdi ff
erent
temperatur es

Temper ature 10o 20o 30o 40o 50o 60o 70o

o
(C) (
i)
Plot Sol ubil
it
y 27 30 36 55 80 1
10 140 a
g/100gwat er
graphofs olubil
it
iesofpot assium chl or
ateagai nsttemper ature
(i
i)Us i
ngyourgr aph:
(I
)Det ermi nethes ol
ubi l
it
yofpot assium chlorateat47oC
(I
I)Determinet heconcent r
ationinmol esperl itreofpot assium chlor
ateat47oC
(K=39,Cl=35. 5,O=1 6)dens i
tyofs oluti
on=1 g/cm3
(I
II
)Det ermi net hemas sofpotas si
um chlor at
et hatwoul dcrystal
li
zeif
thesolution
is cooledf rom 62oC t o45oC
(b)I nanexper i
mentt odet er minet hes ol
ubili
tyofs odium hydr oxide,25cm3 ofa
satur
ated
soluti
onofs odium hydr oxi dewei ghing28gwasdi l
utedi navol umet ri
cflas
kand
the
volume madet o250cm3 mar k.20cm3 oft hisreactedcompl etelywith25cm3of
0.2M
hydrochlori
cacid accor dingt otheequat ion.
NaOH(aq)+HCl (
aq) NaClaq)+H
( 2O(l
)

Cal
cul
ate:

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 90
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
(i)Thenumberofmol esofhyrdrochloricacidused
(ii)Thenumberofmol esofs odium hydroxidein20cm3
(iii
)Themol esofsodium hydroxidein250cm3 ofs olut
ion
3
(iv)Themas si
ngramsofs odium hydr oxidein250cm ofs ol
uti
on
(v)Thes ol
ubil
it
yofsodium hydroxideing/ 100gwater
1
5. a)Def i
net heterm solubi
li
tyofas ubs t
ance
b)Thet abl
ebelowshowst hes olubil
it
iesoft wosalt
sLandM atdiff
erent
t
emper
at ures
.

Temper atur
e( ºC) 1
0 20 30 40 50
Sol ubil
ityi n L 1
1.0 14.
0 20. 1 28.
0 36. 0
g/100g M 1
5.0 17.
0 1 9.
0 21
.2 25.0
ofwat er.
i)Namet hemet hodthatcanbeus edtosepar at
ethetwos alt
s
ii
)Pl otont hes ameaxesagr aphofs ol
ubil
it
iesofLandM agai nsttemperat
ure
ii
i)F rom t hegr aphdet er
mi ne:
-
Thet emper at ureatwhichs olubil
it
iesareequal
Thes olubil
ityatt hetemper aturement i
onedabove
i
v)I fther elat
ivef or
mulamas sofM i s132,determinetheconcentrat
ionof M i
n
mol
esperl i
tre
i
n( iii
)I Iabove

1
6. Thegr aphbelowshowst hechangesinconductiviywhen50cm3 of0.
t 1M Ni
tr
ic(V)aci
d
3
i
st i
trat
edwithpotas
sium hydroxi
de(curveI)andwhen50cm of0. 1
M methanoi
c
aci
dis
reactedwit
ht he s
amepot assi
um hydroxidesoluti
on(
cur
veII
)

(
a)(i
)Expl ai
nt hechangesinconducti
vityintheregions:
AB…………… BC………………………………………………….
(
ii)Us i
ngcur ve(I
),expl
ainwhytheconduct i
vit
ydoesnothaveaval ueofzero
atend- poi
nt
(
iii
)Cal culat
etheconcentrati
onofKOHwi threferencet
ocurveII
(
iv)Expl ai
nwhyt hetwocur vesshowsdiff
erenttrendsi
nconducti
vit
y
3 3
(
b)50cm of0. 1M methanoi
cacidwasr eactedwith20cm ofasoluti
onofs odi
um
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 91
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
car
bonat
eofunknownconcent
rat
ion.Wor
koutt
heconcent
rat
ionoft
he
car
bonat
e

1
7. Thef
lowchar
tsbel
ows
howananal
ysi
sofami
xtur
eRt
hatcont
ainst
wos
alt
s.St
udy
t
he
anal
ysi
sandans
wert
heques
tionst
hatf
oll
ow:
-
(
a)
Mi
xtur
eR
St
epI Res
idu Addexces s Col
ourles
s
StepI
I e NaOH(aq)t
oa
Twomet al
lic sol
uti
on
oxi
des ,H2O(g), AddHCl
(
aq) por
ti
onofX
F
il
tr
ate St
epI
II
CO2(g),NO2(g),O2(g) Addexces
sNH3 Col
ourles
s
X (
aq) sol
uti
on

t
oapor
ti
onofX
(i)St ate:-
(I)Thecondi t
ionins t
epI
(I
I)Thepr ocessinstepI I
(i
i)As mal lport
ionofmi xt
ureRi saddedtodil
utenit
ri
c( V)aci
dinates
t-t
ube.Whatwoul
d
be
obs er ved?
(i
ii
)Wr iteanequat ionforthereacti
onbetweenthecati
oni nfi
lt
rat
eXands odi
um
hydr
ox i
de
sol ution
(i
v)Expl ainhowwat ervapourins t
epIcouldbeidenti
fi
ed

(
b) F
il
tr
ateW
Mi
xtur
eR StepI
V
Addwater
thenf
il
ter
Res
idueU StepV Sol
uti
onZ+CO2
AddH2SO4(aq)
St
epVI

AddexcessNaOH(aq) AddexcessNH3(aq)
toaport
ionofZ toappor
ti
onofZ

Col
our
les
ssol
uti
on Whi
tepr
eci
pit
ate
(
i)Stat
eandexpl
aint
heconcl
usionthatcanbemadef
rom s
tepI
Vonl
y
(i
i)Nametheani
onpres
entinresidueU.Expl
ain

(
ii
i)From t
hefl
owchar
tin(
a)and(b);
(
I)Writ
ethefor
mul
aeofcat
ionspr
esenti
nmi
xtur
eR

1
8. a)Defi
nethet
er ms
olubi
li
tyofasubstance.
b)Thetabl
ebelowshowsthesol
ubil
it
iesoftwos
alt
sLandM atdi
ff
erent
t
emper
atur
es.
o
Temperat
ure( C) Typeofs
alt 1
0 20 30 40 50
Sol
ubil
it
yg/100gof L 1
1.
0 1 4.
0 20.1 28.
0 36.
0
water M 1
5.0 17.
0 19.
0 21
.2 25.
0

(
i)Namet
hemet
hodt
hatcanbeus
edt
osepar
atet
het
wos
alt
s.
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 92
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
(
ii)Plotonthesameaxesagr aphofsolubi
li
ti
esofLandM againsttemper
atur
e
(
iii
)From thegraph,determine:
I
.Thet emper at
uresatwhi chsol
ubil
it
iesar
eequal
I
I.Thesolubil
it
yatt hetemperaturementi
onedabove
(
iv)Iftherel
ati
vef ormulamas sofM is132,det
erminetheconcent
rati
onof
Mi nmol
es perl i
trein(ii
i)I
Iabove.

v)Asol
uti
oncont
ains38gofLand22gofM at50°
C.Cal
cul
atet
het
otalmas
sof
cr
yst
als
obt
ainedi
ncooli
ngthi
ssol
uti
onto30°C.

1
9. a)Def i
ne:
(i)As aturateds oluti
on.
(
ii
)Sol ubi l
it
yofas olute.
b)Inanexper i
mentt odet ermi nes olubili
tyofs odium chlor ide,1 0cm3 ofas
0. atur
ated
sol
uti
onof
sodium chl oridewei ghing1 0.70gwer eplacedi navol umet ricfl
askanddil
utedtoa
tot
alof500
cm3.25. 0cm3 oft hedi l
uteds ol
ut i
onofs odi um chlori
der eactedcomplet
elywit
h
3
24.0cm of
0. 1
Ms ilvernitrates ol
ution.Theequat i
onf orther eactioni s
AgNO3( aq)+N aCl(aq) AgCl( s)+NaNO3 ( aq)
I.Calcul at
e;
(i)Molesofs i
lvernitrat
ei n24. 0cm3 ofs oluti
on.
(ii)MolesofNaCli n25. 0cm3 ofs oluti
on.
(iii
)Mol esofNaCli n500cm3 ofs oluti
on.
3
(iv)Mas sofNaCli n1 0.0cm ofs aturateds odium chloride( Na=23,Cl=35. 5)
(v)Mas sofwat erin10.0cm3 ofs at urat
eds ol
ution.
(vi)Thes olubili
tyofNaCli ng/ 100gofwat ers.

20. Des cribehowyouwoul dprepareadr ysampleofcr ystalsofpotassi

um s ul
phate
star
ti
ngwi th
100cm3 of1 Ms ul
phur ic( VI
)acid.
21. Thet abl eshowss olubilit
yofpot assi
um chlorateV
Temp 45oC 80o
o
( C)
Solubi l
ity 39 63
(a)Cal culatet hemas sofs ol
uteands ol
ventin90goft hesatur
ateds oluti
onoft hesal
t
at45oC
(b)As oluti
onoft hes altin1
00gwat ercontains63gat95oC.Atwhatt emper aturewil
l
the
s oluti
ons tartformi ngcrystalswhencool ed
22. Twos ampl esofhar dwat erCandDwer eboil
ed.Whent est
edwi t
hdr opsofs oap,
sample
Df ormedl athereas il
ywhi l
eCdi dnot:-
(a)Namet hepos sibles al
tthatcaus edhardnes sins ampleD
(b)Expl ainhowdi stil
lati
oncanr emovehar dnessins ampl eC
(c)Gi veoneadvant ageofhar dwat er
23. As tudentat tempt edt oprepareagasus ingthes et-upbelow.Shecoul dnotcol lect
anygas

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 93
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

(a)Gi vet wor easonswhynogaswascol lected

(
b)Whi chgasdi dthes tudenti ntendtopr epare?
24. Wat erf rom at owni nKenyai ss uspect
edt ocont ai
nchl ori
dei onsbutnots ulphat
e
i
ons.
(
a)Des cribehowt hepr esenceofchl orideionsint hewat ercanbes hown
(
b)St ateoneadv antageofdr inkinghardwat erratherthans oftwat er
25. Studyt hef oll
owingt estsandobs ervat
ionandans wertheques tionst hatf oll
ow:-
TEST OBSERVATI ON
I -Addf ewdr opsofacqueousammoni at o -Li ghtbl uepr ecipitateisf ormed
copper( I
I)nitr
ates oluti
on
II -Addexces sofammoni at ocopper( II
) -Deepbl ues olution
nitrate
III -Addcol ddi l
utehydr ochloricaci
dt o -Gasevol ved,s mel lsofr ott
eneggs
subs tanceE1andwar m gent l
y andbl ackensl eadacet atepaper
I
dentify:-
(
a)Subs tancer espons i
blef or
:
I.Li ghtbluepr ecipit
ate…………………………………………………………………
II
.Deepbl ues oluti
on…………………………………………………………….
(
b)Gasevol vedint estIIIabove…………………………………………………………

26. ( i)Whatismeantbyt heterms olubili

tyofs alts?
(
ii
)Calculatethes ol
ubili
tyofas altgivent hat1 5goft hesal
tcans aturate25cm3 of
water.
27. ( a)Drawawel llabeleddiagram t os howhowt opr epareanacqueouss oluti
onof
hydrogen
chloridegas
(
b)Nameoneot hergaswhos eaqueouss olut
ioncanbepr eparedint hes ameway
o
28. I nanexper i
mentt odeterminet hes olubili
tyofs ol
idYi nwat erat30Ct hef ol
lowing
resul
ts
wereobt ained; *
MAT
Massofempt yevapor ati
ngdi sh=26. 2g
Massofevapor ati
ngdi s
h+s aturateds ol
ution=42. 4g
Massofevapor ati
ngdi s
h+dr ys olidY=30. 4g
(
a)Uset hedat at ocalculat
et hes olubili
tyofs oldYat30oC
i
(
b)Stateoneappl icati
onofs olubi l
it
ycur vesandval ues

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 94
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
29. St
udyt
het
abl
ebel
ows
howi
ngt
hes
olubi
li
tyofs
ubs
tanceKatvar
ioust
emper
atur
es
o
Temper
ature(C) Sol
ubi
li
ty(
g/100gwat
er)
0 30
30 24
70 19
100 14
(a)Whatwoul dhappenifas ampleofas aturateds ol
uti
onoft hes ubstanceat30oCi s
o
heatedto70C. Expl ai
n.
(b)Whati sthemos tli
kel
ys t
at eofs ubstanceK. .
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
30. I ntheequi l
ibr
ium gi
venbelow: -
e3+(aq)+SCN(aq) 2+
F [Fe(SCN) ] (aq)
Brown Red
Whatwoul dbeobs ervedwhenI r
on( I
II
)Chl orideisaddedt ot heequi l
ibri
um mi xt
ure.
Expl
ain
31. Sodi um Car bonateDecahydratecr ystal
swer el ef
texpos edonawat chgl assfortwo
days.
a)St atet heobs er
vati
onsmadeont hecr ys tal
saf t
ertwodays .
b)Namet hepropert
yofsaltsinves t
igatedi nt heaboveexper iment

32. Thel
abelonabot
tl
eofmi
ner
al;wat
erhadt
hei
nfor
mat
ionbel
ow.
I
onspr es
ent Concent
rat
ion(
g/l
it
re)
2+
Ca 0.
10
Mg2+ 0.
20
Na+ 0.
01
K+ 0.
01
SO4 0.
14
(
a)Namet hecompoundthatcauses
HC2
O-3 0.
26
t
emporar
yhardnessinthemineralwat
er.
-

(
b)Usi
nganequati
on,des cr
ibehowt
hewatercanbemadesof
tbyaddings
odi
um
carbonat
esol
ution.
(
c)Gi
veoneadvantageofdrinki
ngmi
ner
alwatersuchast
heoneabove

33. As olut
ionofhydr ogenchl oridegasi nmet hyl benzenehasnoef fectoncalci
um
carbonate.
As ol
utionofhydr ogenchl orideinwat err eactswithcalcium carbonatet
opr oducea
gas.Explain
34 ( i
)Isconcent rateds ul
phuricaci daweakaci doras trongacid?
(i
i)Explainyourans weri n(i)above.
35. Whenwat erreactswi thpotas si
um met althehydr ogenpr oducedi gni
tesexplosi
vel
y
ont hes urf
aceofwat er .
(i)Whatcaus est hi
si gniti
on?
(ii
)Wr it
eanequat i
ont oshowhowt hisigniti
onoccur s
36. I nanexper iment,s oapsolutionwasaddedt ot hrees amplesofwat er
.Ther esul
ts
below
showt hevol umeofs oapsol uti
onr equir
edt ol at
herwi th500cm3ofeachwat er
sample
bef or
eandaf terboili
ng
Sample1 Sampl e2 Sample3
Volumeofs oapus edbef orewat er 26.0 1
4.0 4.0
boil
ed
(i
) Volumeofs oapaf t
erwat erboiled 26.0 4.
0 4.0
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 95
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
Whi
chwat
ers ampl
esarel
ikel
ytobesoft
?
(i
i)Expl
aint
hechangeinvol
umeofs
oaps
olut
ionus
edi
nsampl
e2

37.Howdoest
h1
epHval
ueof0.
25M KOH(aq)compar
ewi
tht
hatof0.
25M ammoni
a
s
olution

Ener
gychangesi
nchemi
calandphys
icalpr
oces
ses
1
. 6gofPot assium nitrates oli
dwasaddedt 20cm3 ofwat
o1 eri
naplas
ticbeaker
.
Themi xturewass t
ir
r edgentlyandthefoll
owingresul
tswer
eobtained.
Init
ialtemper ature=21 5oC
.
Finaltemper ature=1 7.0oC
(a)Cal cul
atetheent hal pychangeforthereact
ion
3 -
1-1
(Dens i
ty=1 g/cm ,C=4. 2jgK)

(
b)Cal
culat
ethemolarent
hal
pychangef
ort
hedi
ssol
uti
onofpot
ass
ium ni
tr
ate
(K=39,N=14,O=16)

2. (a)Theheatofcombus t
ionofet hanol ,C2H5OHi s1370KJ/mole.
(i)Whati smeantbyheatofcombus ti
on?
(i
i)Cal culatet heheat ingval ueofet hanol
(H=1 .0,C=1 2. 0,O=1 6.0)
3. Us et hei nfor mat i
onbel owt oans wert heques tionsthatfoll
ow:-
Ca(s)+½ O2(g) CaO(s)H=- 635KJ/ mol
C(s)+O2(g) CO2(g) H=- 394KJ/ mol
Ca(s)+C(s)+3/ 2O2(g) CaCO3 H=- 1
207KJ/mol
Calcul atet heent hal pychangef ort her eact i
on:
Ca(s)+CO2(g) CaCO3(s)
4. 0. 92gofet hanolwer efoundt obur ni nexces sairproducingat emperatur
er i
seof
32.
5ºC
3
in 200cm ofwat er .
C=12. 0 H=1 .
0 O=1 6.0
Dens it
yofwat er1 g/cm3
Speci f
icheatcapaci tyofwat er4. 2kjkg-1k-1
a)Wr itetheequat i
onf orcombus t
ionofet hanol
b)Det erminet hemol arheatofcombus tionofethanol
5. St udyt hei nf ormat ionint hefollowi ngt ableandans wert heques ti
onsthatfol
low.The
l
ett
ers
donotr epr es entt heact ualchemi cals ymbol soft heelement s
.
ELEMENT U V W X Y Z
NUMBEROFPROTONS 18 20 6 16 1 9 17
NUMBEROFNEUTRONS 22 20 8 16 20 20
Whi choft heaboveel ement sar e:
(i)Likel ytober adi oacti
ve?
(ii
)Abl et of orm acompoundwi tht hehi ghes tioniccharacter?

6. Thedi
agr
am bel
ows
howsener
gyl
evel
sfort
her
eact
ion

½ H2(g) +½ F
2(g) HF
(g)

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 96
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

(a)Wor kouttheactivati
onener gyfort her eact
ion
(b)Calcul
atetheheatoff or
mat i
onofHF
(c)I
st hereactionendother
mi corexot hermic?
7. Us i
ngtheheat sofcombus tionoft hefollowi
ngs ubstances,cal
cul
atetheheatof
for
mati
on
ofethanol
-
1
C(s)+O2(g) CO2(g);H=- 393KJmol
-
1
H2(g)+½ O2(g) H2O(l);
H=- 286KJmol
-1
CH3CH2OH(l)+O2(g) 2CO2(g)+3H2O(l);H=1 386KJmol

8. Nitrogenandhydr ogenreactrever si
blyaccordi
ngtotheequati
on:
-
-
1
N2(g)+3H2(g) 2NH3(g);H=- 92kj
mol
Theener gyl eveldiagr
am fortheabover eact
ionisshownbelow:
-

Energy N2(g)+3H2(g)
(KJ)

2NH3(g)

React
ionpat
h

(
a)Howwouldtheyieldofammoni abeaff
ectedby:
(i
)Adecr easeintemperature
(i
i)Anincreas
ei npressur
e
(
b)Howdoesacat al
ystaff
ectreversi
bler
eacti
onalreadyinequi
li
bri
um?
(
c)Ontheabovediagram,sketchtheenergyleveldi
agram t
hatwoul
dbeobt
ained
when
i
roncat
alys
tisaddedt
other
eact
ion

9. St
udythetabl
ebel
owandans
wert
hequesti
onsthatfol
low
-
1
Bond t
ype bond energykJmol
C-C 346
C=C 610
C-H 413
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 97
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
C-Br 280
Br-Br 1
93
a)Calcul
at etheent hal
pychangeforthefoll
owingreact
ion
C2H4(g)+Br2(g) C2H4Br
2(
g)
b)Namet hetypeofr eact
iont
hattookplacein(a)above

1mark
1
0. Bondener
giesf
ors
omebondsaret
abul
atedbelow:
-
BOND BONDENERGYKJ/
mol
H–H 436
C=C 610
C-H 410
C-C 345

Uset hebondener
giestoes t
imat
etheent
hal
pyf
ort
her
eact
ion
C2H4(g)+H2(g) C2H6(g)

1
1. Theabl es howst heresul
tsobtainedwhen20. 2gofpot as
s i
um nit
ratewasaddedin
50cm3 ofwat er .
Timei n( mi n) 0. 0 0. 3 1 .0 1.3 2.0 2.3 3.0 3.3 4. 0
Temper at ure 25. 0 25.0 25. 0 25. 0 17.
0 17.
0 20.0 20.0 20.0
o
(C)
(i
)Drawt hegraphoft emperatureagains ttime
(i
i)Usingt hegraph,determinethet emper aturechange
(i
ii
)Cal culat
etheheatchange
(i
v)Findt hemol arheatofsoluti
onofpot as si
um nit
rate
1
2. When1 .6gofammoni um nit
rateweredi ss olvedin100cm3 ofwater,thetemperat
ure
3
droppedby6º C. Cal cul
ateitsenthalpychange.( Densityofwater=1g/
cm ,
speci fi
cheat capacityis4.2kJkg-1K-1)

1
3. Sodium hydrogencarbonatewas s tr
onglyheat
ed.
a)Writ
eanequat ionforthereacti
on
b)Thegr i
dbelows howspartoftheperiodi
ctable.Us
eitt
oans
wert
heques
tions
t
hatf
oll
ow.The
l
etters arenottheactualsymbols
.
A
i)Wr it
et heequat i
onf orther eact i
ont hatoccur sbetweenel ementsLandD
ii)Theoxi BfGr
deo eact swi thbot hhydr ochl
orC
i
caci dands odi D
um hydr E
oxi
de.Whatisthe
natur
eof
theoxi L fG?F
deo G H J
ii
i)Expl ainwhy el ement sHhas ahi gherboiling poi ntst han elementD.
iv)St at
eoneus eofel ementE K
v)Compar eandexpl aint heat omi cradi usofBandC
vi)1 1.5gofLwascompl etelybur ntinoxygen. Cal culatethevol umeofgasthatwasus ed.
3
(L=23,mol argasvol umeatr oom t emper atur eis24dm )
14. As tudenthasbeenpr ovidedwi thsodi um hydr oxides ol
utionof2M andhydrobromic
aci
d
of4M.Hewasas kedt oi nvestigatet heequat ionf orther eacti
onbetweenthesetwo
subst
ancesand
hencedet erminet hemol arent halpyofneut r ali
zati
on.Hecar ri
edoutthereact
ion
andobt ainedt he
following r esult
s :
-
ForMor eE- Res our cesCal l0705525657 98
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

Vol
.of4M Hydr
obromicaci
daddedt
o Temper
atur
eofthemi
xtur
e
20cm3 of2M NaOH o
(C)
4.0 26.8
6.0 30.0
8.0 33.2
1
0.0 36.0
1
2.0 35.2
1
4.0 34.4
20.0 30.8

(
a)Dr
awagr
aphoft
het
emper
atur
eoft
hemi
xtur
e(ver
ti
calaxi
sagai
nstt
hevol
umeof
t
he
aci
dadded)
*
(b)Us i
ngthegr aphes t
imat et het emperatur eoft hemixturewhen1 7cm3 oft heacid
wasadded
(c)Bot hsoluti
onswer eatr oom t emper atureatt hes t
artoft heexperiment .Useyour
grapht o
es t
imat et her oom t emper at
ure
(½mk)
(d)Whati st hes i
gnificanceoft hehighestt emper atur
eoft hes ol
uti
onmi xture?
*
(e)Thet emper atureoft hemi xtureincreaseddur ingthef ir
stadditi
onsoft heacid.
Whydi dt he
temper aturei ncreas e?
*
(f)Suggestar eas onwhyt het emperaturedecr eas edduringt helat
terpar tofthe
experiment
(g)Useyourgr apht odet ermi net hevolumeof4M Hydr obromi caci
dwhi chjust
neutral
ize
20cm3 of2M NaOH *
(h)Howmanymol esofHydr obr omicacidar epr esentinyourans weri n(g)above?
*
(i)Howmanymol esofNaOHar epresenti n20cm3 of2M ofNaOHs olution?
*
(j)Useyourans wer sin( h)and( i
)abovet owr i
teanequat i
onoft her eacti
ont aki
ng
place
i
nt he exper iment .Expl ainclearlyhowyouhaveus edyourans wers
(1
½mks )
(k)Det er
minet hemol arenthal pyofneut ralizat
ionofhydr obromicaci d
(1
½mks )

1
5. ( a)Thefol
lowingr esul
tswer eobt ainedinanexper imentt odeterminetheent
hal
pyof
s
olut
ion
ofsodi
um hydr oxide
Mas sofplas t
icbeaker=8. 0g
Mas sofplas t
icbeaker+di s t
ill
edwater=1 08.15g
Mas sofplas t
icbeaker+di s t
ill
edwater+s odium hydroxide=1 1
4.35g
Thetablebelows howst hetemper atureatfi
xedtimesaf termixing
Time/seconds 0 30 60 90 1 20 1 50 1 80 21 0
o
Temper ature( C) 1 5 21 29 28 27 26 26 25
(
i)Plotagraphoft emper atur
e( y-axis)agains
ttime( x-axi
s)
ForMor eE- Res our cesCal l0705525657 99
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
(
ii)From yourgr aph,determinet hemaximum temper atureattai
ned
(
iii
)Determi net hetemper at
ur echangeoft hereaction
(
iv)Calculatet henumberofmol esofsodium hydroxideus edintheexper iment
(Na=1 1,H=1 ,O=1 6)
(
v)Us eyourr esult
stodet erminet hemol arenthal
pys oluti
onofs odium hydroxi
de.
(
Densityof
sol
uti
oni s1 gcm-3 ,specifi
cheatcapaci t
yofs ol
ut i
on=4. 18KJ-1K-1)
(
b)Bel owisanener gyleveldi agram oftheexothermicr eacti
on
CH4(g)+2O2(g) CO2(g)+2H2O(l) H=- 890KJ
CH4(g)+2O2(g)
H=- 890KJ
CO2(g)+2H2O(l)

Exami
net
heener
gyl
eveldi
agr
am bel
owandus
eitt
oans
wert
heques
tionst
hatf
oll
ow
2H(g) + ½ O2(g)

2H(g)+ O2(g) H2

H3
H1
H2(g) + ½ O2(g)
H2O(gl)
.
H4

H2O(l)

(b)(i
)Whi chHval ueswillhavenegatives i
gn?
(
ii)Whatphys icalchangei sbei
ngr epr esent
edwher eent halpychangeH4 i
s
i
nvol
ved? (½mk)
(ii
i)I
nt ermsofH1,H2,H3 andH4,gi vetheoverallenthalpychangef
ort he
r
eact
ion:
-
H2(g)+½ O2(g) H2O(l)
(
iv)Isther eact ioni
n( ii
i)aboveexother micorendothermi c?
1
6. ( I)Studythegr aphbel owandans wert heques tionswhichfollow:

B
A
gy–

D
E
Ener

Ti
me

(
a)Di
sti
ngui
shbet
weenmol
arl
atentheatoff
usi
onandmol
arl
atentheatofvapor
izat
ion
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
00
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
(
b)(i)Expl ai
nt hechangesoccurri
ngbetweenpoints
BC………………………………………… CD………………………
(i
i)Inanexper i
menttodeterminemolarenthal
pyofneut r
ali
zati
onofhydrochl
oricaci
d
usi
ng
pot ass
ium hydroxi
de,t
hedat abel
owwasobt ai
ned.Theconcentrati
onofpotassi
um
hydr
oxi
de
us edwas0. 5M
Vol umeof0. 5M KOH 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
(cm3)
Tot alvolumeofaci d+ 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
Bas e
o
Temper ature( C) 24 26 27 28 29 29 28 27
(
i)Pl otagr aphoftemper
ature(y-
axi
s )agai
nstvolumeofpot as
sium hydr
oxi
deus ed

(i
i)F rom yourgr aph:
(a)Det ermi net het emper at ur echange
(b)F indt hevol umeofpot as sium hydroxidewhi chcompl et elyneut ral
ized20cm3oft he
acid
(i
ii)Calcul atet heheatchangef orther eaction( C=4. 2Jg-1K-1dens i
tyofs olut
ion=1g/dm3)
(i
v)Cal cul atet hemol arent hal pyofneut ral
iz ati
onofhydr ochl oricacidwi thpotas
sium
hydr oxide
1
7. At ypicalel ectrolysi
scel lus esacur rentof40, 000amper es .Cal
culatethemas s
( i
nKgofal uminium pr oducedi nonehour )
.( Al=27)( Far aday=96500Col oumbs)
18. ( a)Bi ogasi sami xt
ur eofmai nl
yCar bon( I
V)Oxi deandmet hane.
(i)Gi vear easonwhybi ogascanbeus edasaf uel
(ii
)Ot hert hanf r
act i
onaldi st
ill
ati
on,des cri
beamet hodt hatcanbeus edto
det ermi net he
per centageofmet hanei nbiogas
19. Cons idert hef oll
owi ngequi l
ibr
ium r eac t
ion.
H2( g)+Cl 2(g) 2HCl(g) H=- 74.
4KJ
a)St ateandexpl aint heef fectoff ormat i
onofhydr ogenchl or ideifpressurewas
increas ed
int heequat i
onabove

20. Tur
ningoffos
silf
uelshasadvers
eenvironment
aleff
ects
:-
a)Namet wopoll
utant
sfrom t
heburni
ngofpetrol
eum product
s
b)Giveoneprecauti
ontakentomini
misethepoll
uti
onbyf oss
ilf
uel
s

21
. (
a)Def inemol arheatofneut r
ali
zat i
on
(
b)Ther is
ei nt emper at ewhen50cm3 ofs
ur odium hydr
oxi
dei
sreact
edwi
tht
woaci
ds
i
sgiven
i
nthet ablebel ow:-
Aci d 50cm3 ofHCl 50cm ofOxal i
c
acid
Tempr ise 7 4
o
( C)
(i
)Explainthedi ff
erenceint het emperature.
22. Calculatet helatentheatofvapor izat i
onofwat er
H2O(l) H2O(g)
Gi
vent hefollowingt hermochemi calequati
ons:-
H2(g)+½O2(g) H2O(g)H=- 242KJ/Mol

H2(g)+½O2(g) H2O(l)H=- 286KJ/ Mol

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
01
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

23. ( a)Definet hetermfuel

(b)Statef ourreas
onswhywoodf ueli
schosenf
ordomesti
ccooking
24. Thes etupbellowwasus edt
oinvesti
gat
ethechangest
hattakeplacewhens
odi
um
hydr
oxide
pell
etsdi s
s ol
veinwater.

a)Whyisaplast
icbeakerusedinsteadofametal
li
cbeaker?
b)Stat
eandexplaint
heobs ervat
ionsmadeintheabovereact
ion
25. (
a)Whati safuel
? (
1mar
k)
(
b) Ot
herthanthecost
,stat
et wootherfact
orst
ocons i
derwhenchoos
ingaf
uel
.

26. Theequat i
onbel owr epresent schangesi nthephys i
calstat
eofionsmet
al:
-
1
Fe(s) F
e(l) DH=+1 5.4kjmol
-1
Fe(l) Fe(g) DH=+354kj mol
a)Cal culatet heamountofheatener gyr equiredtochange1 0kgofsol
idi
ronto
gas
eousi ron
F e=56
b)Iodi necanr eactwi thchlorineass hownbel ow: -
I2(g)+Cl(g) 2lcl(
s) DH=- 68kJ
Det erminet hemol arent halpychangef orthisreacti
on
c)Dr awanener gyl eveldiagram forther eacti
oni n(b)above
27. St udyt hedi agram bel owandans wertheques t
ionsthatfoll
ow:

+ -
NH4 (
g) +Cl
(g)

∆H2
gy

∆H1
Ener

NH4+( -
aq)+Cl(
aq)

∆H3
NH4Cl
()
s

React
ionCo-
ordi
nat
e
React
ionCo-
ordi
nat
e
a)Whatdo∆H1and∆H2 r
epres
ent?
∆H1…………………………………………………………………….
∆H2 ……………………………………………………………………. .
b)Wr i
teanexpr
ess
iontoshowtherel
ati
ons
hipbet
ween∆H1,∆H2 and∆H3.
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
02
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
React
ionr
atesandr
ever
sibl
ereact
ions
1
. Studythefol l
owingequil
ibr
ium r
eact ionandans werthequest
ionsthatf
oll
ow:
-
HL(aq)+H2O(l
) H3O+(
aq)L-(aq)
Red Bl ue
Gi
venthatinanbas i
cs ol
uton,H3O+(aq)acti
i nplaceofhydrogeni ,H+,accor
ons dingt
o
t
he
equati
on.
H3O(aq)+OH-(aq) 2H2O(l)
Explai
nwhatwoul dbeobs er
vedwhenpot as
sium hydr
oxi
des
olut
ioni
saddedt
othe
aboveequi libr
ium mi xtur
e

2. Thes chemebel
owshowstheenergychangesthatt
akepl
acebet
weeni
ce,wat
erand
st
eam.
Studyitandans
wertheques
tionsthatf
oll
ow:
-
H1 H2
H2O(s) H2O(l)
H2O(g)
H4 H3
(
a)Whatnamei
sgivent
otheenergychangeH4?
(
b)Whatist
hesi
gnH3,gi
veareason

3. Thet
abl
ebel
owgi
vesbondener
giesf
ort
hreecoval
entbonds

Bond Bondener
gy(
KJmol
-1
)
H–H 435
Cl–Cl 240
H–Cl 430

(a)Calculat
et heenergychangeforthef ol
lowingreacti
on:
H2(g)+Cl2(
g) 2HCl
(g)
(b)Sketchanener gyleveldiagr
am forther eact
ionin(a)above
4. Thes ketchbelowwasobt ai
nedwhen2gofmagnes ium wasreact
edwit
hexcessof2M
hydrochloricaci
d.Thevolumeofhydr ogenevol vedwasthenplott
edagai
nstti
meas
shownbel ow:
cm )
3
ogen(

x x
B C
umeofhydr
Vol

A x
Ti
me(
secs)
(
a)Ont
hes
ameaxi
spl
ott
hegr
apht
hatwoul
dbeobt
ainedi
f1M hydr
ochl
ori
c
aci
d
wasus
ed i
nst
eadof2M hydr
ochl
ori
caci
d.Expl
ain

(
b)Expl
aint
hes
igni
fi
canceoft
hef
latpor
ti
onBCoft
hecur
ve

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
03
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

5. I
nac l
os edsys tem anequi
li
bri
um exi s
tsbetweenNitr
ogen(
IV)Oxi
deanddi
nit
rogen
t
etr
aoxideass hownintheequati
onbel ow:
N2O4(g) 2NO2(g);H=+27. 5KJ
Pal
eyel
low Reddi
shbr
own
(a)St ateandexpl aint heobs er vat ionmadewhenagl as ssyri
ngecont ainingt he
equili
br ium
mixt urei si mmer s edi ni ce- col dwat er
(b)I ft hepi stonoft hes yringei spus hed,s tatet heef fectont hepos i
tionoft he
equili
br ium
6. Thet ablebel owgi vest hevol umesoft hegaspr oducedwhendi f
ferentvol umesof2M
hydr ochl oric aci dwer er eact edwi t h1.0gofal umpofanal l
oyofMagnes sium and
copperatr oom t emper at ure
Vol umeof2M hydr ochloricaci d Volumeofgas( cm3)
3
(cm )
0 0
10 240
20 480
30 600
40 600
50 600
(a)Wr iteanequat i
onf ort her eact iont hatoccur red
(b)Ont hegr i
dpr ovi dedbel ow,pl otagr aphoft hevol umeoft hegaspr oduced
(verti
calaxi s)
agai nstt he vol umeofaci dadded( Not et hatbef oret her eactioncomest o
compl etion,t he
volumeoft hegaspr oducedi sdi rectlypr opor ti
onalt ot hevol umeoft heaci d
added)
(c)F rom t hegr aph,det er mi ne:
(i)Thevol umeoft hegaspr oducedi f1 3.0cm3 of2M hydr ochloricaci dhadbeen
us ed
(ii
)Thevol umeof2M hydr ochl oricaci dr equi redf orther eactiont ogot o
compl etion
(d)St ateandexpl aint heef fectont her ateofpr oduct ionoft hegasi f
:
(i)1.0goft hel umpoft heal l
oywer er eplacedby1 .0gpowderoft heal loy
(i
i)Ther eact i
onwascar redoutat35oC.
i
7. I nas er i
esofexper iment si nwhi chmagnes ium r ibbonofuni f
or m wi dthr eactedwi th
2.0M
Hydr ochl or i
caci d,t her atesofevol utionofhydr ogengaswer ef oundt obeasf oll
ows:-
Lengt hofr ibbon( cm 1.
0 2. 0 3. 0 4. 0 5. 0 6. 0 7. 0
Rat eofEvol utionof 1.
1 1 .8 2. 7 3. 6 4. 6 5. 4 6. 1
hydr ogen( cm3/ mi n)
(I)(a)Dr awagr aphofr ateofevol utionofhydr ogengasagai ns tlengthofr ibbon
*
(b)Whatconc l
us ioncanyoumakef r
om t hisgr aph?
*
(c)Det ermi net her ateofevol ut i
onofhydr ogengasf rom api eceofmagnes i
um
ribbon
12cm l ongundert hes amecondi tions
*
(d)Wi thdot tedl ine,s ket chont hes ameaxi st hegr apht hatwoul dbeobt ainedifal
l
F orMor eE- Res our cesCal l0705525657 1
04
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
t
he
r
ibbons wer
egr
oundi
ntopowder
*
(
II
)(a)Thecur
vesbel
owr
epr
esentt
hechangesi
nconcent
rat
ionofs
ubs
tancesEandF
wi
th 3
dm )
ti
meinreaction
/
mol

E(g) F(g)
(
i)Whichcur
verepres entst
hechangei nt
Ch
uec
r oncent
veI r
ati
onofsubstanceF?Gi
vea
on(

r
eas
on *
i
at

(
ii
)Giveonereas
onf ort heshapesofthecurvesaft
ertwominutes *
r
Concent

8. At ypicalelect rolysiscellus esacur rentoCfu

4rveI
0 ,
00I0amper es.Calcul
atethemas s(inKg
ofalumi nium pr oducedi nonehour )
.( Al=27)( Faraday=96500Col oumbs)
9. Thet ablebel ows howst hevol umesofni tr
ogen( I
V)oxi degaspr oducedwhendi f
ferent
volumesof1 M ni tri Ti
c acimei nmi
d wer nutes(
eeach r t
)
eacted wi th0. 635g ofcopperatr oom
temper at
ure.
Volume of1 M nitric acid Volume ofNi trogen( I
V)oxide
cm3)
( gas cm3)
(
5 60
15 1
80
25 300
35 420
45 480
55 480
a)Gi vear eas onwhyhydr ochloricacidcannotbeus edins t
eadofnitri
cacid
b)Expl ain how t her ateoft he reacti
on bet weencopperand ni t
ri
cacid wouldbe
aff
ected
ifthet emper at ur
eoft her eacti
on mi xture wasr aised
c)Ont hegr idprovi dedbel ow,pl otagr aphoft hevol umeoft hegasproduced
(vert
icalaxis)
agains tvolumeofaci d
d)Us ingt hegr aph,det er minet hevol umeof :
(i
)Ni tr
ogen( I
V)oxi depr oducedwhen30cm3 of1 M ni t
ricacidwerereactedwit
h
0.635g
ofcopper
(
ii
)1 M nitricacidwhi chwoul dr eactcompl etelywith0. 635gofcopper

1
0. Thegr aphbel
owrepr
es ent
sthevol
umeofgascol
lect
edagai
nstt
imewhendi
lut
e
s
ulphur
icacid
isreactedwi
thZi
ncgranul
es:
-

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
05
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

400
cm )
3

300
ume(
Vol

200

1
00

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Ti
me(mi
nut
es
s
t
(
a)Deter
minetherateofreacti
onbet
weenthe1 and3rd mi
nut
e
(b)Whendidthereact
ions t
op?
(
c)Giveaposs
iblereas
onf orther
eact
iont
ostop

1
1. Theequat i
onbel owr epresentsar eactionthatt akesplaceinanindust
ri
alproces
s
4NH3(g)+5O2(g) 6H2O(g)+4NO(g)
(a)Namet hecat alystus ed
(b)Whatar et heot hercondi t
ionsforther eact i
on?
(c)Whyar et heproduct scool edbef or
ebei ngoxi dised?
1
2. Nitrogenr eactswit hhydr ogenaccor dingtot heequat ionbelow:
-
N2(g)+3H2(g) 2NH3(g)H=- 92KJ
(a)Howwoul dt heyi eldofammoni abeaf fectedbyi ncreasein:-
(i
)Pr es sure
(i
i)temper ature
(b)Theammoni apr oducedi si s
olatedf ormtheot hergasesfrom t
imetoti
me.How
does
t
his af
fectt
heequi
li
bri
um?

1
3. Expl ainhowyouwoul dobt ai
naninsol
ubl esal
tXSO4 whenyouar eprovidedwitht
he
f
oll
owing:-
(i
)Di sti
ll
edwat er
(i
i)Sol i
dYSO4 whichiss olubl
einwater
(
ii
i)Sol i
ds al
tX(NO3)
2
1
4. Met alRandSwer eusedt ofor
m acell.Thefol
lowi
nghalfequati
onss howt he
s
tandardel ectr
ode
potent i
alsofthehal
fcells.(RandSar enotactualsymbolsoftheelement )
2+ -  -
R +2e R(s) E = 2.04V
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
06
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
S2+(aq)+2e- S(s) E=-0.47V
Wr itethef ul
lequati
onf
ort hecel
landcal
culat
et hee.m.
f
1
5. Theappar atusbelowwereus edt
os t
udythepropert
iesofai
r

(a)Stat
et woobservati
onsmadeatt heendoft heexper iment
(b)Giveones i
mplemet hodthatcanbeusedt opr eventr usti
ng
16. Equalvol umesof1M monobas i
cacidsKandLwer eeachr eactedwi
thexcesszi
nc
granul
es.
Thetablebelowshowst hevolumesofthegaspr oducedaf tertwomi
nutes
Aci
d Vol
umeofgas( cm3)
K 40
L 100
(a)Expl
ainthedif
ferenceinthevolumesofthegaspr oduced
(b)Howcant hepr oduct
ionofthegasbeincreased?

17. Thef oll

owingi sat hermochemi calequat ionf orther eactionbet weenhydrogenand
oxygen
-
1
H2(g)+O2( g) H2O(l) H=- 287kJmol
Calcul atethebondener gybet weent heel ement si nwat ergivent hat
:
-1 -1
O=O=+496kJmol H- H=+435kJmol
18. AgCl O2(s) Ag(s)+½ Cl 2( g)+O2(g) H=0. 00KJ/ mol
Whati st heeffectont hepos iti
onofequi l
ibri
um oft heaboves yst
em ift
emper at
urei
s
decr eased?Gi vear eas on
19. Sodi um car bonatewasr eactedwi thdil
utes ul phuric( VI
)acidat25oC.Thevol umeof
carbon( I
V)Oxi degasl i
ber atedwasr ecor dedat1 0s econdsinterval
.Bel
owi sagraph
of
thevol umeofc arbon( IV)Oxi degas evol vedagai nstti
me.

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
07
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

(a)Ont hes ameaxes ,sket

cht hecur velabelledVt hatwoul dbeobt ai
nedifBarium
carbonate
wasus edinst
eadofs odium carbonat e.(Allcondi
tionsremainconstant)
20. ( a)Whatismeantbyact ivationener gy?
(b)Acer t
ainmas sofungr oundcompoundX1r eactedwi thexcessdi
lutehydrochl
ori
c
acid.
Thevol umeofcar bon( IV)oxidegasl iberatedwasmeas ur
edafterevery20
seconds .
Ther esul
tswerepr es entedass howni nt hegraphbelow:-
2

2
I
bon(V)

1
5
cm )
umeofCar
3

1
0
degas(

5
Vol
oxi

0
0 2 4 6 8 1
00
, Ti
me(
s)

(i)Onthesameaxi s
,sket
chthecur
vethatwouldbeobt
ainedi
ftheexper
imentwas
r
epeat
ed
us
inggroundcompoundX1
(ii
)Expl
aint
hes hapeofyourcur
vei
n(b)(i)above

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
08
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

22. Thes ket

chbel
ows howsther
ateatwhi
chs
ubs
tanceTi
sconver
tedi
ntoU.St
udyi
t
and
ans
wert heques
tionst
hatf
oll
ows:
-

r
Concent i
aton
T

Ti
me
Whentheequi
li
bri
um hasbeenes
tabl
ishedt
hetwocur
vesbecomehor
izont
alaf
ter
s
omet
ime.
Expl
aint
heeff
ectoft
heamountofthet wor
eact
ant
sandproduct
s

23. ElementsA,B,C,andDar enotactuals

ymbols,haveatomicnumber
s19,9,1
2and10
respecti
vel
y.
(a)Whichtwoelementsrepr
esentnon-metal
s
(b)Writ
etheformul
aofthecompoundf or
medbet weenelementsBandCandident
it
y
the
bondpres
entinthecompound

24. Anequi li
br i
um isestabli
s hedbetweennitr
ogent et
ra-oxideandni t
rogen(
IV)oxi
deas
shownbel ow: Stateandexpl ai
nwhathappenswhent emper at
ureisi
ncreas
ed
N2O4(l) 2NO2(g)
Paleyel l
ow Red- brownfumes
25. Thegr aphbelows howst heamountofc al
cium car
bonateandcal ci
um chl
ori
de
var
ying
witht ime i nthereact i
ons :
CaCO3(s)+2HCI(aq) CaCl aq)+H
2( 20(g)+CO2(g)

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
09
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
(a)Whi chcur ves howst heamountofcal ci
um chl or
idevar yi
ngwithti
me?
(lmk)
(
b)Explai nwhyt het wocur vesbecomehor i
zontalafteragivenperi
odofti
me.
(lmk)
(
c)Sket chont hegr aphhowcur veI Iwoul dappeari ftheexper
imentwasrepeat
edus i
ng
a
mor edi l
utehydr ochl oricacids olution (l
mk)
26 St
at etheef fectont heequi l
ibr i
um when;
a)Pr essurei sincr eas ed
b)Oxygengasi sadded
6. Anequi l
ibr
ium i ses tabl
ishedbet weenCrO4andH+ionsass hown
below: 2- 2- 2-

2CrO4(aq)+ 2H+(aq) Cr 2O7(

aq)+H 2O(
l)
(Yell
ow) (Orange)
27. St ateandexpl ainandexpl ai
ntheobs ervati
onmadewhenaqueouss odi
um hydroxi
de
i
sadded
totheequi libri
um mi xture

28. Twoexperiment
swer ecarr
iedoutasf ol
l
owsandt hevolumeofhydr ogengasevol
ved
measuredatint
erval
sof10secondsfor100s
econds .
(i
)8cm ofmagnes i
um ri
bbonwasaddedt o1M hydr
ochlori
cacid
(i
i)8cm ofmagnesium r
ibbonwasaddedt o0.5M hydrochlori
cacid
Graphsofvol
umeofhydr ogenevolvedagai
ns tt
imewer eplotted
cm )

B
3
umeof
ogen(

A
Vol
hydr

Ti
me( Sec)
(
a)Whichofthegr
aphwasobtai
nedforreact
ion(
i)above?Expl
ain
(b)Expl
aint
hegener
alshapeoft
hegraph

29. Brominedi
ssol
vesinwaterf or
mingabrowns ol
uti
on,accor
di ngtot
hedynami
c
equati
onbel
ow.
2H+(aq)+Br- -
Br aq)+H
2( 2O (
l) aq)+OB
( r(aq)

St
ateandexpl
aint
heobs
ervat
iont
hatcoul
dbemadei
fas
olut
ionofs
odi
um
hydr
oxi
de
i
saddedtothesys
tem

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
10
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

El
ect
rochemi
str
y
1
. Thes et
upbel owwasus
edt
ocar
ryoutt
heel
ect
rol
ysi
sofMagnes
ium s
ulphat
e
s
olut
ionus i
ng
i
nertelect
rodes
.

(i
)Nameas uit
ablepairofelect
rodethatcanbeus edintheaboveproces s
.
(i
i)Stateandexpl ai
nthechangesont heconcent r
ati
onofmagnes i
um sulphate
sol
uti
onas
t heprocessproceeds .
2. Dur i
ngpur if
icati
onofcopperbyel ect
rolys i
s,1.
48gofcopperwer edeposit
edwhena
curr
entwaspas sedthroughaqueouscopper( I
I)sul
phatefor2½ hours.Calcul
atethe
amountofcur rentpassed.
(Cu=63. 5 1 Faraday=96500C)
6 3 et 65
3 Thedi agr
am belowr epresentsas -
upt hatcanbeus edfortheel
ectr
olysi
sofdilut
e
29 29
sul
phuri
cacid

(
a)Nametheelect
rodesAandB
(
b)Wri
teanequati
onf ort
her eacti
ontaki
ngplaceatelect
rodeB
(
c)Whathappenstotheconcentrat
iondil
utes
ulphuri
cacidasther
eact
ioncont
inues
?

4. I
n an el
ect
rol
ysi
s,acur
rentof200A waspas
sed t
hrough mol
ten oxi
deofmet
al
Q
for58minut
esand64.8gofthemet aldeposi
ted.Det
ermi
ne;
i)Char
geonmetalQ
i
i)Thevol
umeofoxygengasproducedats t
andardtemper
atur
eandpr
ess
ure
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
11
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
Q=27 I F=96500C,mol argasvol umest 4dm3
p=22.
5. Cons idert her
educti
onpotentialsbelow.
Pb2+(aq)+2e Pb(s)=- O.13V
2+
Mg (aq)+2e Mg(s)=- O.76V
a)Wr it
et heoveral
lRedoxreact i
ont hattakespl
acewhentheabovehal
fcel
lsar
e
connected.
b)Det erminetheEvalueoftheabovecel l.
(
c)Cal culatewhichgroupoftheper i
odictablei
selementF
?

6. Anoxi
deofelementFhasthefol
lowi
ngf
ormul
a:-F
2O5
(
a)Det
ermi
net heoxi
dat
ionst
ateofF

El
ement Sodi
um Magnes
ium Al
umi
nium
Atomi
c 1
1 1
2 1
3
number

7. Thet abl
ebelowgivesel ementsandt heiratomicnumber s.Ans werthequesti
onst
hat
fol
low:
Comparet heel ectr
icalconducti
vit
yofs odium andal uminium.Expl
ain
8. Whatmas sofZincwi llbedepos it
edfrom as olut
ionofZi nc(II
)Chl or
idewhena
current
of3Ai spass
edt hroughtheZi nc(II
)Chloridesolut
iondur ingelectrol
ysi
sfor
50mi nut
es ?
(Zn=65,1Faraday=96500C)
9. St udythefl
owchar tbelowandans wertheques ti
onst hatfoll
ow:

Copper
Pyri
tes GasQ GasQ

St
ep(
I) F
rothf
loat
ati
on,
Air

St
ep(
II
) Cu2S
Ai
r
CuF
eS2 Cu2S(s) Cu2O Step(I
V) Cu(s)
St
ep(
II
I)

St
ep(
V)

F
eO Pure
Coppe
r
(
a)NamegasQ …………………………………………………………… .
(b)Wi
tht
hehel
pofdi
agr
am,des
cri
behows
tep(
V)i
scar
riedout

1
0. Nitrogenandhydr ogenreactrever si
blyaccordi
ngtotheequati
on:
-
-
1
N2(g)+3H2(g) 2NH3(g);H=- 92kj
mol
Theener gyl eveldiagr
am fortheabover eact
ionisshownbelow:
-

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
12
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

Energy N2(g)+3H2(g)
(KJ)

2NH3(g)

React
ionpat
h

(
a)Howwouldtheyiel
dofammoni abeaf f
ectedby:
(i
)Adecr eas eintemperature
(i
i)Anincreasei npressur
e
(
b)Howdoesacat alystaff
ectreversi
blereact
ional
readyinequi
li
bri
um?
(
c)Ontheabovediagr am,sketchtheener gyl
eveldi
agram t
hatwoul
dbeobt
ained
when
i
roncat
alystisaddedt ot hereact
ion

1
1. St udyt heel ect rodepotentialsi nt hetablebelowandans wertheques ti
ont hatf
ollow:
(Let t
ersar enott heactuals ymbol sofel ement s)

(E/ Volts)
H2+(aq)+2e- H(s) +0. 34
2+ -
Z (aq)+2e Z(s) -2.38
G+(aq) +e- G(s) +0.80
2+ -
T +2e T(s) -2.
87
(a)Whi chonei st hes t
ronges treducingagent ?
(b)Wr it
et hei onicequationf orther eactionthatt akesplacewhenZi sdippedina
soluti
on
ofG+i ons
(c)Cal cul at
et heEcel lvalueoft her eac t
ionin22. (b)above
12. Whenahydr ocar bonwascompl etelybur ntinoxygen,4. 2gofCar bon(IV)oxideand
1.
71g
ofwat erwer ef ormed.Det erminet heempi r
icaloft hehydrocar
bon.( H=10 C=1 2.0
O=16.0)
13. Dur ingelect rolys i
sofaqueouscopper( II
)s ul
phat e144,750coulombsofel ect
ri
cit
y
wer eus ed.
Cal culatet hemas sofcoppermet althatwasobt ai
ned( Cu=641 Faraday=96, 5000
coulombs )
14. Sodi um met alr eactswithoxygenaccor dingt othef oll
owingequation:-
6Na(s)+2O2(g) Hea t Na2O2(s)+2Na2O(s)
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
13
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
Stat
eonephys icalandonechemi
caldi
ff
erencebet
weenNa2O2 andNa2O
Physi
caldif
ference ……………………………………………
Chemicaldi
fference……………………………………

1
5. Thedi
agr
am bel
ows
howsanel
ect
rochemi
calcel
l:

MgSO4(aq)
(
a)Gi
vetheformulaofthepos s
iblesal
tL
(
b)Onthediagram showthedirecti
onofmovementofel
ect
rons
(
c)Wri
tethecellrepres
entat
ion

6. Ther eact i
onbl owi sar edoxr eacti
on
MnO4-(aq)+8H+(aq)+5F e2+(aq) )
(a)Identifyt hespeci esr educed.Expl ai
n
(b)Wr itet heequat ionf ort heoxi dationreact
ion
1
7. Cons i
dert hecellrepr es ent ationbel ow
3+ 2+
Cr(s
)/Cr (aq)//Fe (aq)/F
e(s) E =+0. 30V
i
)Wr i
tet heover allcel lr eact i
onfort heaboveel ectrochemicalcel
l
2+ 3+
i
i)Gi vent hatE val uef orF e (aq)/
Fe(s)i
s-0.40V,calculat
et heE valuef
orCr ( /
aq)Cr
(s
)

1
8. (
a)Des
cri
bet
heproces
sbywhi
chTr
ichl
orof
luor
omet
haneNi
tr
ogeni
sobt
ainedf
rom
ai
ronalar
gescal
e

(
b)St
udyt
hef
lowchar
tbel
owandanswertheques
tionst
hatfol
low
Nit
rogen
Copper(
II
I)Oxi
de gas
Ammoni
a Copper
Ai
r
St
epVI Heat
St
epIPl
ati
num-
Rhodi
um Wat
er
Hi
ght
emper
atur
e
GasJ

St
epI
I Ai
r
Wat
er,ai
r Ammoni
a
Nit
rogen Nit
ri
c(V) Ammoniu
(I
V)Oxide St
epI
II aci
d St
epI
V m ni
tr
ate

St
epV

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657Pr
oduct
s 1
14
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

(i
)I dentif
ygasJ
(i
i)Us i
ngoxidati
onnumber s
,showt hatammoni
aisther
educingagenti
nst
epVI
(i
ii
)Wr i
tetheequat
ionthatoccur
si nstepV
(i
v)Gi veoneus eofammonium nit
rate
(
c)Thet ablebel
ows howstheobservati
onsmadewhenaqueousammoniawasadded
t
o
cat
ionsofel
ement
sE,FandGunt
ili
nexces
s

Cat
ionof Addit
ionofaf ewdropsof Addit
ion ofexces
s
aqueousammoni a aqueousammoni a
E Whiteprecipi
tat
e I
nsoluble
F Nopr eci
pit
ate Nopr eci
pit
ate
G Whiteprecipi
tat
e Diss
olves

(i
)Selectthecat i
onthatisl
ikel
ytobeZn2+ ………………………………
(i
i)Givent hatthefor
mulaofthecati
onofel sE2+,wr
ementEi it
ethei
oni
cequat
ion
f
orthe
react
ion bet weenE2+andaqueousammoni
a

1
9. a)Study the s t
andardel ectrode potentialf ort hehalf
- cel
lsgivenbel owand ans wer
the questi
ons thatf ollow. (
The letterdo notr epresentt he act ualsymbols oft
he
elements)
EVol ts
+ -
N(aq)+e N( s
); -2.92
J+(aq)+e- J(s); +0.52
+ -
K(aq)+e ½ K2(g); 0.00
½ G2(g)+e- G- (aq) ; +1
.36
2+ -
M (aq)+2e M(s) ; -
0.44
i
)Identi
fythes t
ronges toxidizi
ngagent s.Gi vear eas onf oryourans wer
i
i)Whichtwohal f
-cel lswoul dproducet hehi ghestpot entialdif
ferencewhen
combi
ned?
i
ii
)Inthes pacebel owdr awacompl eteel ectrochemi calcelloft hetwo-hal
fcel
ls
menti
oned
i
n(ii
)above

20. Belowi
sas i
mpli
fi
eddi
agram oft
heDown’
scel
lfort
heext
ract
ionofs
odi
um.St
udyi
t
andans
werthequest
ionthatf
oll
ow:
-

Sodi
um
Molt
en
NaCl+CaCl
2

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
15
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

(i)From whichsubstancesaret heel

ectrodesmade?
t
hode…………………………………………………………….
Anode……………………………………………………………………
(ii)Stateandexplai
nwhys odi
um chl
orideismixedwithcalci
um chl
ori
de
(iii
)Whati stheroleoftheirongauze
(iv)Wr it
eequati
onsf orthereacti
onat:-
cathode
anode
(v)Whi chpropert
yofs odium makesitpos s
ibl
etocol
lectitasshown?

(
b)Whenacurrentof6.
42Awaspas sedthr
oughanel ect
rol
yteY2+i
onsfor1
0mi
nut
es,
2.
74ofYwer edeposited
(
i)Cal
cul
atethequanti
tyofelect
ri
cit
ypassedi
nt heexperi
ment
(
ii
)Deter
minetherelat
iveatomicmassofY(1F
araday=96000coul ombs)

21. ( a)Thet abl

egivesthestandar dr
edoxpotenti
alsf
oranumberofhal
freact
ions
.Us
eit
toans
wer
theques t
ionsthatf
oll
ow: -
(E/
Vol
ts)
2+ -
Zn (aq)+2e Zn(s) -0.
76
Fe2+(aq)+2e- Fe(s) -0.
44
2+ - -
I (l)+2e 2I(aq) +0.54
Fe3+(aq)+e- Fe2+(aq) +0.77
+ -
Ag +e Ag(s) +0.88

(i
)Relat i
vet owhi chhal f-cellreactionaretheaboveel ect
rodepotent ial
sexpressed?
-
(i
i)Calculatet hee. m. foft hecel lmadeupbycombi ningtheI2(
l)/
2I(aq)el
ectrodeand
Zn2+(aq)/
Zn(s) elect r
ode
(i
i)Whi choft hes ubs t ancesl istedi nt
heabovet abl
eis: -
I.Thes tr
onges toxi disingagent
II.Thes t
ronges tr educingagent
(i
v)Whi chs ubstancescoul dbeus edt oconver
tiodi
dei onstoiodine?Wr i
tebalanced
equat
ions
foranypos s i
bl econver sions

22. a)Thes tandar d el ectr

odepot entialfort he elementschlori
ne andmagnes ium ar
e:-
- -
Cl 2(g)+2 e 2Cl(aq) E +1.36V
Mg2+(aq)+2e- Mg(s) E -2.36V
i)Whi choneoft het woel ement swi l
lactasanoxi di
zingagent?Explain.
i
i)Cal culat etheel ectromot i
veforceofacel lwheretheoveral
lreactionis:
-
Cl2(g)+Mg (
s) MgCl 2(
s)
b)Thet abl e below gi ves the reduct i
on s t
andard elect
rode potential
sf ordivalent
metal
s.
Thel ettersar enott heiractualsymbol s.Usethem toanswert heques ti
onsthat
f
oll
ow:-
Met al E
(volts)
P
+1.
50
ForMor eE- Res ourcesCal l0705525657 1
16
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
Q -
0.
44
R
+0.
34
S
+0.
76
i
)Sel ectt
womet alswhos ehal fcell
scanpr oducethehi ghestvolt
agewhen
connected.
i
i)Dr awawel ll
abell
eddi agram ofelectrochemicalcellformedbyhal f
-cel
lsof
metalsPandQ
i
ii
)Cal cul
atethevoltagepr oducedbyt hecel lin(i
i)above
c)Whenni t
ratesolut
ionofacer tainmetalXwasel ect
rolysed,1.
174gofmet alXwas
depositedbyacur rentof4amper esf l
owi ng f
or16mi nut
es.Det er
minet he
for
mulaof
themet alni
tr
ate. ( 1F
=96, 500,R.A.M ofX=59)

23. St udycar ef ull

yt hei nfor mationgi venbel owandans wert heques tionst hatfoll
ow:-
Substance Phys ical Solubi li
tyi n Ot heri nf ormat i
on
stateat wat er
e.t.
p
A Solid -Sol uble -s ol
utionconduct sel ect ri
cityforming
-Blue twopr oduct sBandC
solution -Bi ss ol idandCi sagr eenis h–yellow
gas
D Gas -Sol uble -Sol utionf ormspal ebl uepr eci
pitat
e
-Col our les s wi thAandt hendeepbl ues oluti
oni n
solution exces s
E Solid -Ins olubl e -Wi thas oluti
onofAf or msBanda
2+
colourles ss olutionatE i ons
(a)Identifyt hes ubs t
ancesr epres ent edbyt hel etter s
(b)Giveequat ionsf ort her eacti
onsi nwhi ch:-
(i
)Subs t anceBi sfor medf rom t hes oluti
onofAonel ectrolys i
s
(i
i)Subs t anceBi sformedf r
om s olut i
onAwhenr eact edwi thE
(c)Giveoneus eofgasC
(d)Namet hei onr espons i
bl efort hedeepbl ues olut ion
24. ( a)St udyt hes tandar del ectrodepot enti
al sfort heel ement sgi venbel owandans wer
theques ti
ons
thatf oll
ow.Thel et tersdonotr epresentt heact uals ymbol soft heelements

E
Q2(g) +2e- 2Q-(aq) +2.87
-
R2(g)+2e 2R- (aq) +1.36
S2+(aq)+2e- S( s) +1 .23
2T+(aq)+2e- T2( g) 0.00
U2+(aq)+2e- U( s) -0.13
V2+(aq)+2e- V( s) -0.76
(i
)Whati stheEval ueoft heweakes tr educi ngagent ?
(i
i)Whi chel ementi sl i
kelyt obehydr ogen?Gi vear eas onf oryourans wer
(i
ii
)Dr awadi agram f orthec ellt hatwoul dbeobt ainedwhent hehal fcellof
element s
SandV ar ecombi ned
(i
v)Cal culatet hee. m. foft heel ectrochemi calcel lina( i
ii)above

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
17
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

(
b)Thedi
agr
am bel
owr
epr
esent
stheel
ect
rol
ysi
sofdi
lut
esul
phur
ic(
VI)aci
d

(
i)Namet hegasesXandY
(
ii)Wri
teionicequat
ionfort
hef ormat
ionofgasX
(
iii
)Atwhatelectr
odedoesreductiontakeplace?Expl
ainyouranswer
(
iv)Namet hemos ts
uit
ableelectr
odesforthisexperi
ment.Expl
ainyourans
wer

25. Theflowchartbel
owshowsananalysi
sofmi
xtur
eRt
hatcont
ainst
wos
alt
s.St
udyi
t
andanswertheques
tionst
hatf
oll
ow:-

Mi
xtur
eR
Addwat
erthenf
il
ter
StepIV Di
videi
ntotwopor
ti
ons Twometaloxides+CO2
StepI +NO2 +O2 +H2O
St
epII
Adddil
.H2SO4
Res
idueV F
il
tr
ateW Res
idue
F
il
tr
ateX
StepV
AddHNO3
St
epI
II
Sol
uti
onZ+ Addexcess Addexces
s
CO2 NH4OH NaOH
Colourl
ess Colourl
ess
Addexces
s AddexcessNH4OH solut
ion solut
ion
NaOHtoporti
on t
oporti
onofZ

Colourl
ess Whi
te
solut
ion pr
eci
pit
ate

(i)Writ
et woionicequationsf ort hereactionsbetweenthecati
oninfi
lt
rat
eXand
aqueous
ammoni a( Ammoni um hydr oxide)untili
nexcess
(ii)Whatconclusioncanbedr awnf r
om St epIVonly?Expl
ain
(iii
)Whatobs ervati
onwoul di ndicatethepr esenceofaNO3-ioninst
epI?
(iv)Writ
et heformulaoft heani oni nresidueV.Explai
n
(v)Sugges tt
hei denti
tyoft hecat ionpres entinsol
uti
onZ
(vi)Namet hetwos al
tspres entinmi xtureR

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
18
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

26.(
a)Theset
-upbel
owwasus
edi
ntheel
ect
rol
ysi
sofcopperI
Ini
tr
ates
olut
ion:
Gas
P

Pl
ati
num r
ods

(i
)Whati selectr
olys
is?
(i
i)Showt heanodeandcat hodeont hediagram
(
ii
i)Explai
nhowyouwoul dconfi
rm gasP
(
iv)Writetheequationforthereact
ionoccurri
ngat
(
a)Anode
(
b)Cat hode
(
v)Statetwochangest hatoccuront heelec
trolyt
eaftertheexper
iment
(b)Belowar ethes t
andardelect
rodepotenti
alsforelect
rodesBandD

B2t(aq)+2e- B(s) –2. 92V

D2t(aq)+2e- D(s) +0.34V

(i
)Identi
fytheel ectrodewhi chis;
(a)Theleas tr educingagent
(b)Thes tronges toxi dizi
ngagent
(
ii
)Calculat
et hee. m.foft hecellf
ormedwhent het
woel ect
rodesareconnect
ed
(i
ii
)Wr i
teacel lrepres entati
veforthecellabove
27. At ypi
calelectrolysiscel lusesacurrentof40,000amper es.Cal
cul
atethemass(i
n
Kgofal uminium pr oducedi nonehour )
.( Al=27)(Far
aday=96500Col oumbs)

28. Astripofcoppermetalwasimmer s edi

nt oanitr
ates
olut
ionofmet
alQover
night
.Us
e
the
i
nformati
onbel owt
oans werques ti
onst hatf
oll
ow

E( Volt
s)
-
Q(aq)+e +0.80
Q(s)
+0. 34
2+ -
Cu (aq)+2e Cu(s)

(
a)Statetheobservat
ionsmadeatt heendoft
heexperi
ment
(
b)Givear easonfortheobs ervati
onsmadein(a)above
(
c)Calcul
atethee.m.fofthecel labove
29. (a)Excessmar bl
echips(Calcium carbonat
e)wasputinabeakercont
aini
ng150cm3
ofdil
utehydrochl
oricacid.Thebeak erwasputonaweighingbal
anceandthe
tot
al
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
19
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
l
ossi
nmas
srecor
dedaf
terever
ytwomi
nut
esass
howni
nthet
abl
ebel
ow:
Ti
me(min) 0 2 4 6 8 10
Tot
all
ossi
nmas
s(g) 0 1
.8 2.
45 2.
95 3.
2 3.3
(i
)Whywast hereal ossi nmas s?
(i
i)Theaveragerateofr eact
ionwasf as
terbetween0and2mi nut
esthanbetween
6and8mi nutes. Explainwhy
(i
ii
)Stateonewayi nwhi chther ateofreacti
oncanbei ncreased
(i
v)Whenaqueouss odium sulphatewasaddedt ocont entsofthebeaker,awhite
pr
ecipi
tate
wasformed;
(
I)I
dentif
ythewhi t
epr eci
pitate………………………………………………………
(
II
)Nameoneus eoft hesubs tancenamedi n(i
v)(I)above
b)As tudentper
formedt hefollowingexperi
mentwi t
hani ntenti
ontoextr
actcal
cium
metal

(
i)Thes t
udentwass urpr
isedthatnocal ci
um wasproducedi
nt heexper
iment.Expl
ain
whynocal cium waspr oduced
(
ii
)Wr i
tetheequat ionforthereacti
ont hatoccurr
edattheanodeifthesol
uti
onwas
concentrat
ed
(
ii
i)Theelect
rolysisinvol
vedpas si
nganel ectri
ccurr
entof4Aforonehour.Calcul
ate
themas sof
theproduc tattheanode.(1Faraday=96500C,Cl=35.5,H=1 .0,O=16,Ca=40)

30. Chept
oos
et-
ups
omeappar
atusass
howni
nthedi
agr
am bel
ow:
-

Atthes t
artoft
heexper
iment,thebulbdidnotli
ght:
-
(a)Stat
eandexplai
ntheobservati
onmadewhent hetapwasopenedt
oal
lowt
he
hydr
ogen
chl
ori
degasthr
oughthewat erforabout20minutes
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
20
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
(
b)Wr
it
ethechemi
calequat
ionf
ort
her
eact
iont
hatt
ookpl
aceatt
hecat
hode

31
. Met alsKandNwer econnect
edt
ofor
m acel
lass
howni
nthedi
agr
am bel
ow.
Thei
rreducti
on
potential
sar eass
hownbel ow:
+
K(aq)/K(s)-0.17V
N+(aq)/N(s)=+1
.16V

I.Writet heequat ionf orthehalf

-cel
lreacti
ont hatoccur
sat
Met alKel ectrode
Met alNel ectrode
I
IIdenti
fyPands t
atei tsrolei
ntheabov es etup
(
i).Ident i
tyofP
(
ii).Rol eofPi nt heset
up.
I
II
.Ont hedi agram,s howt hef
lowof
I
.El ectrons
I
I.Cur rent.
I
VCal culatecel lpotential(E)f
orthecellrepresentedinthes
etupabove
32. (
a)Thedi agr am belows howsaZinc–coppercel l
.

(
i)Givent hes t
andardelect
rodepot
entialofZi
nci
s-0.
76Vandt
hatofcopperi
s+0.
34V,
s
ugges t;
(i
)Thei denti
tyofW…………………………………………………………………. .
..
(i
i)Thei denti
tyofX …………………………………………………………………… .
(
iii
)Theequat i
onfortheoveral
lcel
lreacti
on
(
iv)Ther eadingont hevolt
meter

(
b)Sodium hydr
oxi
demaybemanuf
act
uredbyt
heel
ect
rol
ysi
sofbr
ineasi
nthedi
agr
am
below:
-
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
21
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

(
i)Stat
ethechemicalnameofbr ine
(
ii
)Wr i
tetheequat
ionsforthereacti
onsaretheelectr
odes
Anode
Cat
hode
(
ii
i)Expl
ainhowsodium hydroxi
deisobtai
nedfrom theproductoft
hispr
oces
s

33. Atypicalel
ect
r ol
ysi
scellusesacurrentof40,
000amperes.Cal
cul
atet
hemass(
in
kil
ogr
ams
)
ofalumi
nium producedinone hour (Al
=27,1
Far
aday=96,
500coul
ombs
)

34. Ther eactionbet weenammoni aandoxygent oform Ni t

rogen(II
)oxideishighly
exothermi c
4NH3(g)+5O2(g) 4NO(g)+6H2O(g)
Ther eact i
oniscar riedoutinpr es enceofplatinium-rhodium cat
alys
tat1173kanda
pressure
of911.
952kpa.
i
)Expl ai
nhow each oft he f
oll
owi ng woul daffectt he yiel
dofNi tr
ogen(II
)oxi de
gas:
a)Reduct i
oninpr es sure
b)Us ingamor eef fi
cientcatal
yst
35. Thef oll
owi ngtables howst hes t
andar dreducti
onpot ential
sofs omehalfcell
s.Study
the
tableandr ef
ert oi ttoanswert heques ti
onst hatfoll
ow;
Halfr eact i
on E volt
s
P4+(aq)+e- P3+(aq) +0.61

Q3+(aq)+e- Q2+(aq) +0.

77

R2(g)+2e- 2R-(aq) +0.

54

S2+(aq)+2e- S(s) -
0.44

T2+(aq)+2e- T(s) -
0.74

a)Identifyt hes tronges toxidizingagent

b)Whi chs ubstancewoul dbeus edtooxi
dizeR-i
ont
otheat
om R
c)Studyt hecel lrepres entedbel ow;
T(s)/T2+(aq)/
/S2+(aq)/S(s)
i)I
dent i
fyt heel ectrodes
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
22
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
ii
)Wr i
teequat ionsf ort hereactiont aki ngpl aceineachhal f
-cell
iii
)Det er minethecel lequat ionandt heel ectromotivefor
ce( e.
m. f
)ofthecel l
representedi n
(c)above
iv)Inwhi chdirecti
ondoest heel ectronsf l
owi ntheexter
nalcircuitofthecellwhos
e
e.m.f
isdet erminedi n( i
ii
)above
d)As t
eadycur r
entof2. 5Awaspas s edf or1 5mi nutesthroughacel lcontaini
ng
dival
enti ons
M2+.Dur i
ngt hispr ocess0. 74gofmet alM wasdepos i
ted(IF=96500C)
i)Cal cul atethequant i
tyofel ect
r i
cit
ypas sedi nthiscell
ii)Det ermi nether elati
veat omicmas sofM
36. Thef ol l
owi ngtableshowst hes tandar dr educt ionpotenti
alsofsomehal fcell
s.
St udyt het ableandr efert oittoans wert heques ti
onsthatfoll
ow;
Hal fr eaction E volts
P4+(aq)+e- P3+(aq) +0.
61

Q3+(aq)+e- Q2+(aq) +0.

77

R2(g)+2e- 2R-(aq) +0.

54

S2+(aq)+2e- S(s) -
0.44

T2+(aq)+2e- T(s) -
0.74

a)I dent ifyt hes tronges toxidi zi

ngagent
b)Whi chs ubstancewoul dbeus edt ooxidizeR-i ontotheatom R
c)St udyt hecel lr epres entedbel ow;
T(s)/T2+(aq)//S2+(aq)/S(s)
i)Ident i
fyt heel ect rodes
i
i)Wr it
eequat i
onsf ort her eac t
iont aki
ngpl aceineachhalf-cell
(2mks
iii
)Det er mi nethecel lequat ionandt heelectromotivef
orce(e.m.f
)ofthecell
represented
in( c)abov e
iv)Inwhi chdi rect i
ondoest heel ect ronsfl
owi ntheexternalci
rcuitofthecellwhos
e
e.m.f
i
sdet erminedi n(iii)above
d)As teadycur rentof2. 5Awaspas s edfor15mi nutest
hroughacel lcontai
ning
dival
enti ons
M2+.Dur i
ngt hispr oces s0. 74gofmet alM wasdepos i
ted(IF=96500C)
i)Cal culat et hequant i
tyofel ectri
ci typassedi nthiscel
l
ii)Det ermi nether elativeat omi cmas sofM
37. I nt heequat i
onbel owi dent ifyther eagentt hatactsasanacidint he forward
reacti
on.
Gi vear easonf oryourans wer .
+
NH4 (aq)+H2O(l) NH3(aq)+H3O+(aq)

38. Ast
udents
etupt
heexper
iments
hownbel
ow.St
udyi
tandans
wert
heques
tionst
hat
f
oll
ow.

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
23
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

a)St at eanyt woobs ervat i

onst hes tudentmadedur ingt heexper iment
b)Expl ai
nwhathappenst othepHoft her es ultants oluti
onatt heendoft he
experiment
39. Copper( I
I)s ulphat es olutionwasel ect rol ys edus i
ngcopperel ectrode.ACur rentof
0.5Awas
pas s edf or64. 3mi nut esand amas sof0. 64gofcopperwas depos it
ed. (Cu
=63.5)
a)Whi chel ectrodedecr eas edi nmas sdur i
ngel ect r
ol ysis?Expl ain
b)Cal cul atet hequant ityofchar geneededt odepos i
t s1mol eofcopper
40. St at eandexpl ainwhati sobs ervedwhencr ys tal
sofi odi near eheat edgent ly
41. ( a)St ateF aradaysF irs tLawofEl ect rolys is
(b)Cal cul atet hevol umeats .t
.pofhydr ogenevol vedwhen2Aofel ectrici
tyar e
passed
thr ough di lut es ul phur icaci df or2hour s.
(Mol argasvol umeats .t
.p=22. 4dm3,oneF araday=96500coul ombs )
42. Thef ol l
owi ngi sanequat ionf ort her eact ionbet weenammoni aandwat er
NH3(g)+H2O(l) NH+4(aq)+OH-( aq)
(a)Namet hebas ei nt hebackwar dr eact ion
43. Thec ommonor esofZi ncar ezi ncbl endeandcal ami ne:-
(i)Gi vet hechemi calf or mul aofZi ncbl ende
(ii
)Expl ainhowt hepol lutioncaus edbyl ar ges caleext ractionofZi nccanber educed
by
havi ngaf er til
izerpl antcl os et oi t
44. Theoxi desofcal c ium andphos phor ousr eactass hownbel ow: -
6CaO(s)+P4O10(s) 2Ca3( PO4) 2(s)
(i)Gi vear eas onwhyt hes es ubs tancesr eactandyetbot har eoxi des
(ii
)Wor koutt heoxi dat i
ons tateofphos phor ousi nP4O10
(ii
i)St ateoneus eofCa3( PO4) 2
45. Thes tandar dhydr ogenel ectrodei sus edast her efer enceel ectrode.Someoft he
dif
fi
culti
esi n
us inghydr ogengasasanel ectrodear e:
-Hydr ogeni sagasat25oC
-Hydr ogendoesnotconductel ect ricit
y
+ -
-Thehal f-cellreact ion,2H(aq)+2e H2(g)iss lowandt akesl ongt or each
equil
ibrium.
Expl ainhowt hes edi ffi
cul ti
esar es ol vedi nt hes tandar dhydr ogenel ectrode
46. Thef ol l
owi ngar eel ect rodepot ent i
alsoft hehal fcel l
s
Hal fcel l E vol ts
M2(
+
aq)/M(s) - 0.76
C2+(aq)/C(s) –0. 34
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
24
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
(a)Calcul atethepot ent ialdif
fer
enceoft hef oll
owingcell
.
2t 2t
M(s)/
M (aq)/ /C (aq)/ C(s)
47. (a)Namet wot ypesofi sotopesofphos phorous
(b)Explai nwhyphos phor usiss t
oredi nwat erandnoti noilli
kesodium
48. Us ethecel lrepr es ent ati
onbel owt oans wert hequesti
onsthatf
oll
ow:-
X3+(aq)/
X(s)/ /W2+(aq)/W(s)
(a)Wr it
et heequat ionf ort hecellreactionabove
(b)Ifthee. m.foft hecel lis0.30VandEval uef orW2+/
Wi s-0.
44vol
ts,cal
cul
ate
heEf
t orX3+(aq)/ X(s)

49. Thefoll
owingdi
agr
am r
epr
esent
stheel
ect
rol
ysi
sofdi
lut
esodi
um chl
ori
des
olut
ion
usi
ngi
nert
elect
rodes

Dil
utesodi
um
chl
oride

Det
ermi
net
heel
ect
rodeatwhi
chdi
ff
erentel
ect
rol
yti
cpr
oduct
swoul
dbepr
oducedi
f
t
he
s
olut
ioni
sel
ect
rol
ysedf
ors
ever
alhour
s.Expl
ain

50. Compl et et hef

oll
owi ngredoxequati
onsbyaddi ngthecor
rectnumberofel
ect
ronson
ei
ther
react
antorpr oducts ideoft
heredoxequat ions:-
( O-3(aq)+6H+(
a)Cl aq) Cl
2(g)+3 H2(l)
(b)NO-2(aq)+H2O(l) NO-3(aq)+2H+(aq)

51
. Thefol l
owingar es
tandar
dr educt
ionpot
ent
ial
s;
Half-cel
l E/Vol
ts Us i
ngi
ron
3+
Al(
s)/A l (
aq) -1
.66
2+
Zn(s)/Zn aq) -0.76
Fe(s)/Fe2+(aq) 0.44
2+
Ni(
s )/Ni (aq) 0.25

Rewr
it
etheEval
uesoft
heabovehal
f-
cel
lsus
ingi
ronasar
efer
enceel
ect
rode

52. Calcul
atet
hemassofmetalJt
hatwoul
dbedissol
vedattheanodewhenas ol
uti
onof
J(I
II
)
ni
tr
it
eisel
ect
rol
ysedus
ingacurr
entof1
.5amper
esfor1
5minutes (
1Far
aday=
96,
500C;J=52)

53. Cons
idert
hef
oll
owi
ngs
tandar
del
ect
rodepot
ent
ial
s:
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
25
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
Sn2+(aq)+2e- Sn(s) +0.
144v
Fe2+(aq)+2e- Fe(s) -0.44v
Zn2+(aq)+2e- Zn(s) -0.76v

Somemoderncarsaremadefr
om st
eelcoat
edwi t
hothermet
als
.Us
ingt
hisdat
aabove
st
ate
andexpl
aint
hebestsui
tedmetalf
orcoat
ingst
eel
Met
als
1
. Thef
oll
owi
ngdi
agr
am r
epr
esent
sext
ract
ionofs
odi
um byt
heDown’
scel
l

+
(a)Whyi st heanodemadeofgr aphiteint hiscas eins t
eadofs teelwhi chisabet t
er
conductor
ofel ectri
city?
(
b)Howar et heel ectr
olyt
icpr oductssepar atedf r
om r eact
ing?
(
c)Gi ver easonswhyl argequant i
ti
esofel ectrici
tyisr equir
edf ort hisprocess
2. a)Gi ve one envi r
onment alhazard as s
oc iatedwi ththe extractionofzi nc metal
b)Sugges tonemanuf acturingplantthatcanbes etupnearzi ncext racti
onplant.
Give
reas onsf oryourans wer
c)Whatpr operti
esofalumi nium andi t
sal loysmakei tsuit
ablef orus einmaking
air
craf
tpar t
s
3. Al umi nium i sus edinmaki ngover headcabl es.Statet woproper tiesofalumini
um that
makesi ts uitablefort
hi sus e
4. Thes tagess howni nthef oll
owingdiagram canbeus edtoext ractzincf r
om it
soxide:
-
Namet hes tageandt hepr ocesstakingpl acei nit:
-
Zn(s)
C(s)+O2(g) ZnO(s)+CO(g)

s
tage1 s
tage2 CO(g)+O2(s)
s tage3
Nameeachs ageandt hepr ocesstakingplacei nit
:
Stage1.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Stage2..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
Stage3..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

5. St
udyt
hef
lowchar
tbel
owandans
wert
heques
tionst
hatf
oll
ow:

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
26
 Copper
Pyri
tes
i
s
Gabokemi
asQ cah@gma
Gi
l
a.
com
sQ
St
ep(
I) F
rothf
loat
ati
on,
Air
St
ep(
II
) Ai
r Cu2S
CuF
eS2 Cu2S(s) Cu2O Step(I
V) Cu(s)
St
ep(
II
I)

St
ep(
V)

F
eO Pure
Coppe
(
a)NamegasQ …………………………………………………………… .
(
b)Wit
hthehel
pofdi
agr
am,des
cri
behows
tep(
V)i
scar
riedout

6. Namet hef
oll
owingcompoundsus i
ngIUPACs ys
tem
(i
)CCl4
(i
i)HOCl
7. Studythei
nformat
ionprovided:
-
o
Element Atomi
cr adi
us(nm) I onicradi
us(nm) Mel
ti
ngpoi
ntofoxi
de(C
)
W 0.381 0.418 -1
17
Y 0.733 0.669 849
Z 0.544 0.489 1
399

(a)Expl
ainwhythemelt
ingpointoft
heoxi
deofW i
slowerthanthatoft
heoxideofZ
8. Theflowchartbel
owshowsstepsusedi
ntheext
ract
ionofzincf
rom oneofi
tsores.
Lead(
II
) Cr
ushi
ng PowderedLead Concentrat
ed
Car
bonat
eore (I
I) Lead(II
)
St
epI Carbonat
eore ep2 Ca
St rbonat
eor e

St
ep3 Heat
Gas

Coke
Lead(
II
)Met
al Lead(
II
)Oxi
de
St
ep4
(a)Nametheprocesst hatisusedins t
ep2t oconcent r
atet
heore
(b)Wri
teanequationfort hereacti
onwhi cht akesplaceins
tep3
(c)Nameoneus eoflead
9. Namet hechi
eforesfrom whicht hefol
lowi ngmet al
sareextr
act
ed
a)Al
umini
um ……………………………………………………………………
b)Copper ………………………………………………………………………
1
0.Thediagr
am bel
owr epresentsthes econdst ageinext r
acti
onofal
umi
nium met
al

Al
umi
nium
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
27
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

i
)Ont
hedi
agr
am l
abelt
he:Anode,cat
hodeandt
heel
ect
rol
yter
egi
on
(
s)
ii
)Themel tingpoi ntofaluminium oxideis2054º C,buttheel ect
rolys
isiscarr
iedout
atbetween
800- 900º C
a)Whyi st heelectrol
ysisnotcar riedoutat2054º C
b)Whati sdonet olowert het emperatur
e?
ii
i)Theal umi ni
um whi chisproducedi stappedoffasal i
quid.Whatdoest hissugges
t
aboutit
s
mel tingpoint s?
11
. Theext ractionofal umini
um from itsor etakesplacein2s tages.Puri
fi
cati
onstageand
elect
rolysiss t
age.Bel owiss et-
upf ortheel ect
rolysi
sstage:-

(
a)( i
)Namet hechi
eforefr
om whi chalumi
nium isextract
ed
(i
i)Nameonei mpuri
tywhi
chi sremovedatt hepurif
icati
onst
age
(
b)( i
)Labelonthediagr
am eachoft hefol
lowing:
-
I–Anode
I
I-Cathode
I
II
-Regioncontai
ningel
ectr
olyte

(i
i)Themel ti
ngpointofalumi ni
um oxi
dei s2054oCbutt heelectr
olysi
siscar
riedoutat
between
80oC and900oC
I.Whyi snotcarredoutat2050oC
i
II
.Whati sdonet olowerthet emperatur
e
12. Al umini
um isthemos tabundantmet ali
ntheear thcrus tanditiswidel
yextract
edfor
itswiderangeofus es.
(i)Nameonemaj oror eofalumini
um andgi veit
sf or
mul a
(ii)Namet womai nimpuri
tiesfoundintheor e
(iii
)Al
uminium oxi
dei sheatedfir
stbeforeitiselectr
olysed.Explai
n
(iv)Elect
rolys
isofalumini
um ox i
deisdoneass hownbel ow:

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l070552
M5o
65
l
t7
enal
umi
nium 1
28
ox
idewi
thcr
yol
it
e
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

(
a)Identi
fytheanodeandcat hodeont hediagr
am
(
b)Whati sther ol
eofelectr
olyt
eintheextract
ion?
(
c)Wr i
tehalfequati
onsforthereact
ionsthatoccurattheanodeandcat
hode
(d)Statet wousesofalumini
um
13. Thedi agram bel
owisaf l
owchartfortheextract
ionofcopper
.St
udyitandans
wert
he
questi
ons
thatfoll
ow:

Or
e Cr
ushed Powder
ed Mixedwit
hwater
, Concentr
ated
I Ore oi
l&air Ore
II
Roastedinair
I
II SO2
Copper(I
) Roast
edin
Sul
phi
de pr
esenceofs
and Copper(I)Sulphide
IV andir
on( I
I)Oxide
SO2 Heatedin
a Sl
ag
convert
er
Liqui
d Cooled Bli
ster El
ect
rol
ysi
s Pure
Copper VI Copper VII Copper

(a)Wr it
et hef ormulaoft hemaj oror eofcoppermet al
(b)Namepr ocessII
(c)Giveanequat i
onf orther eact i
ont hatoccursins t
ageI I
I
(d)Explainwhathappensi ns tageI V
(e)Wr it
ehal fcellequat i
onsocc urri
ngatt heanodeandcat hodeinstageVII
(f)Dr
awas impledi agram showi ngt hes et-upthatisusedi nel
ect
rol
yticpur
if
icati
on
ofcopper
(g)Agr eenr ockymat erial
ss us pectedt obetheor emal achi
teCuCO3.Cu(OH) 2.
1
4. Theflowchar tbelowi ll
ustrat
est heext racti
onofZinc.Studyitandanswerthe
questionst hatfol
Sl
o2
Ow: Coke GasQ

Sul
phi
deore Roas
ter ZnO Mi
xer React
ionchamber1
Ai
r
Zn+i
mpur
it
ies

Li
qui
dR Separ
ati
onchamber
Res
idueS
Zn(s)
F
il
tr
ati
on React
ion Cool
ingchamber
chamber
Cryst
all
izat
ion
chamber Zn(s)
F
orMor
eE-Res our
ZnSO .XHO
cesCal
l0705525657 1
29
4 2
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

a)Name: -
i)GasQ ...
..
..
..
...
...
..
..
..
..
...
...
...
...
..
...
...
..
..
...
...
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
ii
)Liqui dR. .
..
....
..
..
...
...
..
..
..
..
...
...
...
...
..
...
...
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
...
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
(ii
i)Res iduesS ..
..
..
..
..
...
...
...
...
...
...
..
..
...
..
...
..
..
..
...
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
...
.
b)Namet hes ulphideor eus ed
c)Bef oret heor eisr oasted,i ti sfirstconcent rated;
(i)Explainwhyi tisneces sar yt oconcent ratetheor e
(ii
)Expl ainbr iefl
yt hepr oces sofconcent rati
ngt heor e
d)Wr iteanequat ionf orther eact i
ont hatt akespl aceint he:-
(i)Roas ter
(
ii
)Reac tionchamber
(e)(i)Nameonemaj orimpur i
typr es entint hes ulphideor eus ed
(ii
)Wr it
eanequat iont os howhowt hei mpurit
yi n( e)(
i)abovei sr emoved
f)Givent hatt hes ulphideor econt ainsonl y45%Zi ncsulphidebymas s,calculate:
(i
)Themas si ngr amsofZi ncs ulphidet hatwoul dbeobt ainedfrom 250kgoft he
ore.
(i
i)Thevol umeofSul phur( IV)oxi det hatwoul dbeobt ainedf r
om t hemas sof
sulphide
oreatr oom t emper atur eandpr es sure
(Zn=65. 4,S=32. 0,O=1 6.0,Imol eofgasoccupi es24. 0litersatr.t.
p)
15. Thef l
owchar tbelowr epres ent stheext racti
onofzi ncf r
om i tsoreandaby- product
usedi nthe
manuf actur eofs ulphuric( VI)acid.St udyi tandus eittoans wert heques t
ionst hat
f
ollow:-

Zi
ncOr
e

Concent
rat
ion

Roasting Sol
idA Reduct
ion Mol
tenZi
nc
Hotai
r
furnace chamber
SO2(g)

Cl
eanersand P
dr
ier
s M

Catal
yti
c W ChamberL Z Chamber H2SO4
Ai
r
chamber N

a)Name;
i)Thesuit
ablezi
ncoreus ed.
i
i)Themainimpuri
tyintheore
b)Descri
behowzi ncoreisconcentr
ated
c)Writeanequati
onforthereacti
ontaki ngpl
aceint
heroast
ingf
urnace
d)Descri
bewhathappensi nthereductionchamber
e)I
denti
fysubst
ances:
-
W…………………………………( ½mk) M………………… (½mk)
f)Wri
tetheequati
onforthereacti
ont hatoccursi
nchamberN.
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
30
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
g)Expl
ainwhysulphur(VI
)oxideisnotdiss
olveddir
ectl
yinwater
h)Expl
ainthedangercausedbyt hi
sprocesstotheenvi
ronment
(2marks)
1
6. Thediagr
am bel
owi sforext
racti
onofAlumini
um fr
om it
sore.I
ttakespl
acei
nst
ages
.
Us
ei tt
oanswertheques t
ionsthatf
oll
ow:-

(
a)Namet
het
wos
tagesment
ionedabove
*
(
b)Name:
-
(i
)Theoref
rom whi
chAlumi
nium i
sext
racted
(
ii
)Thei
mpurit
iesr
emovedduringt
heextract
ionofAl
umi
nium
*
(
c)Onthediagram l
abel
:-
(
i)Theelect
rodes
*
(
ii
)Ther
egi
oncont
aini
ngt
heel
ect
rol
yte
*
(
d)Mol
tencr
yol
it
eisaddedt
oAl
umi
nium Oxi
dedur
ingext
ract
ion.Expl
ain
*

1
7. Acur
rentof3Awaspassedthr
oughfusedal
umini
um oxidef
or10minut
es.Cal
cul
ate
themassofAl
umini
um obtai
nedatoneelect
rode(Al=27.
0,IF=96500C)
*

1
8. (
a)Nameoneor et
hatcanbeusedt
ocommercial
lyextr
actZi
ncmet al
(
b)Thefl
owchartbel
owill
ust
rat
est
heext
ract
ionofzincandprepar
ati
onofzi
nc
s
ulphat
e
cr
yst
als
.

Zn(s)

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
31
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

(i
)Name:
(1
)Gas
P …………………………………………………………………………………. .
(11
)Liqui
d
R ………………………………………………………………………………. .
(II
I)Resi
due
S ………………………………………………………………………………. .
(
ii
)Whati stherol
eofcokeintheaboveprocess
?
(
ii
i)
Namet hemai ni
mpurit
yremovedintheseparat
ionchamber
(i
v)Wr i
teanequationf
orthereact
iont
hattakesplacei
n;
(1)
.Roaster

(1
1)
.React
ionchamberII
(
v)Wr i
teanequati
onforther
eact
iont
hatt
akespl
acebet
weenZi
ncmet
alandl
iqui
dR

(vi
)Gi
venthatzi
ncSuiphi
deorecontai
nsonly45%ofzi
ncSuiphi
debymas s
,
cal
cul
ate
themassingramsofzincSul
phidethatwoul
dbeobt
ainedfrom 250kgoft
he
ore.
(vii
)Gi
veonecommer ci
aluseofZi
ncmet al

1
9. Thef l
owchar tbel
owshowsas equenceofchemi calr
eacti
onsst
ar t
ingwi
thZi
nc.
Studyi tandans wert
heques
tionsthatfoll
ow:-
St ep2 Step
Zn(s) St ep1 Zn2+(aq) Zn(OH)
2(s
3 ZnO(s)
Dil
ute NaOH(aq) )
hydrochl
ori
c Heat
aci
d
St
ep4 H2SO4(aq)

St
ep5
Zn(s)
Zn2+(aq)
Met
alT

a)I
nst
ep1
,exces
s3M hydr
ochl
ori
caci
dwasaddedt
o0.
5gofZi
ncpowder
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
32
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
i
)St
atetwoobservat
ionswhichwer
emadewhent hereacti
onwasinprogr
ess
ii
)Expl
ainwhyhydrogengasisnotl
iberat
edwhendi l
uteni
tri
cacidi
s
us
edi
nst
ep1
ii
i)a)Wri
tetheequati
onfort
hereacti
onthattook pl
ace i
ns t
ep1

b)Cal
cul
atethevol
umeof3M hydr
ochl
ori
caci
dthatwasneededt
oreact
compl
etel
ywi
th
0.
5gofZincpowder(Zn=65.
0)

20. Thediagr
am belowisasi
mpl
if
iedappar
atusf
orext
ract
ionofs
odi
um.St
udyi
tand
ans
werthe
equati
onsthatf
oll
ow:-

(a)Whichsubst
ancescomeoutat :
- P & Q
(b)Whatistherol
eofthediaphragm
(c)Wri
tetheequat
ionoft
her eacti
onf ormi
ngsodi
um
21
. Thes et
-upbel
owwasus edtoinvestigateel
ect
rol
ysi
sofacer
tai
nmol
tencompound;
-

(
a)Compl
etethecircui
tbydrawingthecel
linthegapl
efti
nt hediagram
(
b)Wri
tehal
f-
cellequati
ontoshowwhathappensatthecathode
(
c)Usi
nganarrows howthedir
ectionofel
ectr
onfl
owinthedi agr
am above

22. ( a)Namet wooresf r

om whichZi ncmet alismos t
lyextracted
(
b)Oneoft hestepsintheextractionofZi ncmetalfr
om i t
sor eisroasti
ngoftheore
inexcess
oxygen.Wr i
teequati
onsf orther eacti
onsthattakepl acewhent heorein(a)
aboveisr oas t
ed
23. Al umi num metalismainlyextrudedf rom moltenBauxitebyel ectr
olys
is.
a)Namet hemai nimpuri
tyinthisor e.
b)Br iefl
ydes cr
ibehowt heimpur it
yi sremovedf rom t
heor ebefor
eelectrol
ysi
s
process. (2mks)
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
33
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
24. (a)I
nt heextract
ionofaluminium for
mitsorebytheus eofelectr
olysi
s,expl
aint
he
followi
ngobs er
vat
ions:-
(i
)t hegraphi
teanodei sreplacedfr
om ti
met otime
(
ii
)t hesteelt
ankwhichcanal soser
veasanel ectr
odeisalsoli
nedwi t
hgraphit
e
cat
hode
(
b)Sodium andalumini
um met alsbothconductel
ectri
cit
y,butal
umi ni
um i
sabet t
er
conductorofelectri
cit
yt hansodi
um.Explai
n

Or
gani
cchemi
str
yII(
alkanoi
caci
dsandal
kanol
s)
1. As
tudentmi
xedequalvol
umesofEt
hanolandbut
anoi
caci
d.Headdedaf
ewdr
ops
of
concent
rat
edSul
phuri
c( VI
)aci
dandwarmedthemixt
ure
(i
)Nameandwr i
tetheformul
aofthemai
nproduct
s

Name………………………………….
For
mula……………………………………. .
(
ii
)Whichhomol
ogouss
eri
esdoest
hepr
oductnamedi
n(i
)abovebel
ong?

2. Thes
truct
ureofthemonomerphenylet
henei
sgi
venbel
ow:
-
HC=CH2

a)Givet hes t r
uctur
eoft hepolymerf ormedwhenf ourofthemonomer sareadded
toget
her
b)Givet henameoft hepolymerf ormedi n(a)above
3. Explaintheenvi ronmentalef
fect
sofbur ni
ngpl ast
icsinai
rasadi s
posalmet hod
4. Wr i
techemi calequationtorepres enttheeffectofheatonammoni um carbonate
- +
5. Sodi um oct adecanoatehasachemi calfor
mul aCH3(CH2)
6C OONa,whi chi susedas
soap.
Expl ai
nwhyal otofsoapisneededwhenwas hingwithhardwater
6. Anat uralpol ymeri smadeupoft hemonomer :
O

CH3CH2CH C OH

NH2
(a)Wr i
tethes tr
uct uralformulaoftherepeatunitofthepolymer
(b)When5. 0x1 0-5 molesoft hepolymerwerehydr ol
ysed,0.515gofthemonomer
wereobtained.
Determi
net henumberoft hemonomermol eculesinthispolymer.
(C=1 2;H=1 ;N=1 4;O=1 6)
7. Thef or
mulabel owr epresentsact
iveingredi
entsoftwocleans i
ngagentsAandB

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
34
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
Whichoneofthecleans
ingagentswoul
dbes ui
tabl
etobeusedinwatercont
aini
ng
magnesi
um
hydrogencar
bonat
e?Explai
n
8. St udythepol
ymerbelowandus eitt
oanswerthequest
ionst
hatf
oll
ow:
H H H H

C C C C

O H O H n

(
a)Gi vethenameoft hemonomeranddr awi tsst
ruct
ures
(
b)I denti
fyt
hetypeofpolymer i
zat
ionthattakesplace
(
c)St ateoneadvantageofsynthet
icpolymers
9. Et hanolandPentanearemisciblel
iqui
ds.Explainhowwatercanbeus
edt
osepar
atea
mi
xtur
e
ofethanolandpentane

1
0.
GLUCOSE G CRUDE H 95% ABSOLUTE
SOLUTI
ON ETHANOL ETHANOL ETHANOL
(
a)Whati
sabs
olut
eet hanol
?
(
b)St
atet
wocondi
tionsrequir
edf
orpr
oces
sGt
otakepl
aceef
fi
cient
ly

11
. ( a)(i)Thet ablebel ows howst hevolumeofoxygenobt ainedperunitti
mewhen
hydrogen
peroxidewasdecompos edinthepresenceofmanganes e(IV)Oxi
de.Useit
toanswer
theques t i
onst hatfoll
ow:-
Timei ns econds VolumeofOxygen
evolved( cm3)
0 0
30 10
60 1
9
90 27
120 34
150 38
180 43
210 45
240 45
270 45
300 45
(
i)Plotagr aphofvol umeofoxygengasagai nstti
me
(
ii)Determi nether ateofr eact
ionatt i
me1 56seconds
(
iii
)From t hegr aph,findthet i
met akenfor18cm3 ofoxygent obeproduced
(
iv)Wr i
teachemi calequationtos howhowhydr ogenper oxi
dedecomposesinthe
pres
ence
ofmanganes e( IV)Oxide
(
b)Thedi agram bel ows howshowaLe’ cl
anche(Drycel l
)appear s
:-

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
35
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

(
i)Whatisthef unctionofMnO2 i
nt hecellabove?
(
ii
)Wr i
tet heequat i
onofar eacti
ont hatoccur
satthecat
hode
(
ii
i)Calculatet hemassofZincthatiscons umedwhenacurrentof0.
1amper
esf
lows
throught heabovecel lf
or30mi nut
es(1F=96500cZn=65)
1
2. ( a)Givet heI UPACnamesoft hefol
lowingcompounds:
(i)CH3COOCH2CH3 *

(
iC
i
)H2=C–CHCH3

Br
(b)Thestruct
urebel
owshowss omereact
ionsst
art
ingwit
hethanol
.Studyi
tand
ans
wer
thequesti
ons t
hatf
oll
ow:
ReagentR
NaOH(aq)
S CH 3COO H CH3COONa Heat
NaMet al StepII

CH3CH2OH CH3COOH
P CH4
St
epI Excess
DropsofConc. Cl /U.
V
2
H2SO4
CH2 CH2 CH2=CH2 St
epI I
I CH3CH3 T
n
CompoundU
(i
)Wr i
tet
hef
ormul
aoftheorgani
ccompoundsPandS
*
(
ii)Namet het ypeofr eact
ion,ther
eagent
(s)andcondi
ti
onforthereact
ionsint
he
f
oll
owings t
eps: -
(I
)StepI *
(I
I)StepII *
(I
II
)StepI I
I *
(
iii
)Namer eagentR ……………………………………………………………
*
(
iv)Drawt hes truct
uralfor
mulaofTandgiveitsname
*
(
v)( I
)NamecompoundU………………………………………………………. .
(
II
)Ifther elat
ivemolecularmassofUis42000,deter
minethevalueofn
(
C=12,H=1)
(c)StatewhyC2H4 bur nswithamor esmokyfl
amethanC2H6
*

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
36
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
1
3. a)Stat
etwof act
orsthataf
fecttheproper
ti
esofapol
ymer
b)Namet hecompoundwitht hefor
mulabelow:
CH3CH2CH2ONa

c)Studytheschemebel owandusei
ttoans
wert
heques
tionst
hatfol
low:
-
H H
Step Step
CH3CH2CH3 CH3CH=CH2
C– C
V W
P
CH3 H n
K
CH3CH2CH2OH

St
epR
K2CO3 NaOH
Gas CH3CH2COOH CH3CH2COONa
F St
epJ
NaOH
St
epX
Heat
CH3CH2COOCH3 Pr
oductT
G +Na2CO3

i)Namet hefol
lowi
ngcompounds :
-
I.Pr oductT ………………………… II
.K ………
ii
)St at eonecommonphys icalpropertyofsubs
tanceG
i
ii)St atet hetypeofreact
iont hatoccurredinst
epJ
i
v)Gi veoneus eofsubstanceK
v)Wr iteanequationfort
hecombus t
ionofcompoundP
vi)Expl ainhowcompoundsCH3CH2COOH andCH3CH2CH2OHcanbedi sti
nguis
hed
chemi cally
v ii
)Ifapol ymerKhasr elati
vemol ecularmassof12,
600,cal
cul
atethevalueofn(H=1C
=12)
14. St udyt heschemegivenbel owandans werthequest
ionst
hatf
oll
ow:-

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
37
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

8
Pol
ymer
izat
ion StepIII
Pol
ymerQ CompoundP CH3CH2CH3
H2(g) Ni
Hi
ght
emp
o
Conc.H2SO41
80C
Na(
s) St
epI
CH3CH2CH2ONa+H2 Pr
opan-
l-ol Pr
opyl
ethanoat
e

St
epI
I

CH3CH2COOH

Na2CO3(aq)

Sol
uti
onT+CO2(g)

(a)( i
)NamecompoundP……………………………………………………………………
(i
i)Writ
eanequat ionf orther eact
ionbet weenCH3CH2COOHandNa2CO3
( b)St ateoneus eofpol ymerQ
( c)Nameoneoxi disi
ngagentt hatcanbeus edinstepII…………………………………. .
(d)As ampleofpol ymerQi sfoundt ohaveamol ecularmassof4200.Deter minethe
numberof
monomer sinthepol ymer ( H=1 ,C=1 2)
( e)Namet het ypeofr eactioni ns t
epI
…………………………………………………………. .
( f)Stateonei ndustri
alappl icati
onofs tepIII
(g)Statehowbur ningcanbeus edt odist
inguis
hbet weenpropaneandpr opyne.Explai
n
your
ans wer
( h)1000cm3 ofet hene( C2H4)bur ntinoxygent oproduceCarbon( I
I)Oxi
deandwat er
vapour .
Calcul
atethemi nimum vol umeofai rneededf orthecompletecombustionofet hene
(Aircontai
ns20%byvol umeofoxygen)
15. ( a)Studythes chemat i
cdi agram belowandans werthequesti
onsthatfoll
ow:-
CH3CH2COOCH2CH2CH3
X
Ni H2 Step1
R
St
ep3 CH3CH2CH2OH Na
CH3CHCH2 CH3CH2CH2ONa+GasP
St
ep2
H+ MnO-4
HClSt
ep5
St
ep4
V
Q+H2O

(
i)I
denti
fythefol
l
owi
ng:
Subs
tanceQ..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
38
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
SubstanceR...
..
...
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
GasP. .
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
(
ii
)Name:
Step1..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Step4...
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
....
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
(
ii
i)Drawt hes t
ructuralformulaoft hemaj orproductofs t
ep5
(i
v)Statethecondi ti
onandr eagenti nstep3
1
6. Studytheflowchar tbelowandans wert heques t
ionsthatfoll
ow
M
CO2(g)
H+
KMnO4/
Ni
/H2(g) J
CH2CH2 Step4

STEP2 ReagentP K
Et
hyl CH2CH2OH H+(aq)
KMnO4/
ReagentQ
Et
hanoat
e St
ep3 L

(
a)( i
)Namet hef
oll
owingorganiccompounds:
M……………………………………………………………. .
……. .
L…………………………………………………………………. .
(
ii
)Namet heprocessi
ns t
ep:
Step2…………………………………………………………. ….
Step4…………………………………………………………. …
(
iii
)Identif
ythereagentPandQ
(
iv)Wr it
eanequat i
onforthereacti
onbetweenCH3CH2CH2OHands
odium

1
7. a)Givethenamesofthef
oll
owi
ngcompounds
:
i)CH3CH2CH2CH2OH……………………………………………………………………
ii
)CH3CH2COOH …………………………………………………………………
ii
i)CH3C–O-CH2CH3 ……………………………………………………………………

1
8. St
udytheschemegivenbel
owandanswert
heques
tionst
hatf
oll
ow;
St
epV StepI CHCOONa
Pr
oduct
s CHCH 2 5
Compl
etecombus
tion StepII St
epI
V+Heat
CH2 =CH2
St
epII
I C2H6

i
)Namethereagent
susedin: CH2 =CHCln
StepI
: ………………………………………………………………………
StepI
I ……………………………………………………………………
StepI
II ………………………………………………………………………
i
i)Wr
it
eanequationtoshowproduct
sformedfort
hecompl
etecombus
tionofCH=CH

ii
i)Expl
ainonedis
advantageofconti
nueduseofi
temsmadefor
mt hecompound
f
ormed
i
ns t
epIII
1
9. Ahydr atedsal
thasthefoll
owingcomposi
ti
onbymass.I
ron20.2%,oxygen23.
0%,
sul
phur11.
5%,water45.3%

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
39
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
i
)Deter
minethefor
mulaoft
hehydratedsal
t(Fe=56,S=32,O=1
6,H=11
)
i
i)6.
95gofthehydrat
edsal
tinc(
i)aboveweredissol
vedindis
til
ledwat
erandt
he
t
otal
vol
umemadet o250cm3ofs ol
uti
on.Calcul
atetheconcentrat
ionoft
heresul
ti
ng
sal
tsol
uti
on
inmolesperl
it
re.(
Givent hatt
hemol eculamassofthes alti
s278)
20.Writ
eanequat i
ontoshowpr oductsfor
medf orthecompletecombus ti
onofCH=CH
i
ii
)Explai
nonedis
advantageofcont i
nuedus eofit
emsmadef ormthecompound
f
ormed
instepI
II

21
. Gi
vetheIUPACnamef oreachoft
hef
oll
owi
ngor
gani
ccompounds
;
i
)CH3 -CH-CH2 -CH3

OH
i
i)
CH3–CH–CH2 –CH2 -CH3

C2H5
i
ii
)CH3COOCH2CH2CH3

22. Thest
ruct
urebel
owr
epr
esent
sacl
eans
ingagent
.
O

R–S–O-Na+

O
a)St
atethet
ypeofcleans
ingagentrepr
es ent
edabove
b)St
ateoneadvant
ageandonedi s
advantageofusi
ngtheabovecl
eans
ingagent
.

23. The s t
ructure below showspar tofpolymer.Us
ei tt
o answert
he quest
ions t
hat
f
oll
ow.
CH3 CH3 CH3
  
― CH -CH2 –CH-CH2-CH–CH2―
a)Der i
vet hestructur
eofthemonomer
b)Namet hetypeofpol ymeri
zati
onr epres
entedabove
24. Theflowchar tbelowr epr
esentsas eri
esofreact
ionsstar
ti
ngwit
hethanoi
cacid:
-

Et
hanol B Et
hanoi
c Na2CO3 Sal
tA+CO2 +H2O
process acid
I
(a)I
dent
if
ysubst
ancesAandB
(
b)NametheprocessI

25. a)Wr it
eanequationshowi
nghowammoni um nit
ratemaybeprepar
eds t
art
ingwit
h
ammoniagas
(b)Calcul
atet
hemaximum mas sofammonium nit
ratet
hatcanbeprepar
edus i
ng
5.
3kgof
ammonia(H=1,N=1
4,O=16)

26. (
a)Whati
smeantbytheter
m,es t
erif
icati
on?
(
b)Dr
awthest
ruct
uralf
ormulaeoftwoc ompoundst
hatmayber
eact
edt
ofor
m

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
40
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
et
hyl
propanoat
e

27. ( a)Dr
awt hes
truct
ureofpentanoicaci
d
(
b)Dr
awt hest
ruct
ureandgivet henameoft heorgani
ccompoundformedwhen
ethanol
react
swit
h pentanoi
caci dinpresenceofconcent
rat
edsulphur
icaci
d

28. Thes chemebel

ows
howss
omereact
ionss
tar
ti
ngwi
thet
hanol
.St
udyi
tandans
wer
thequesti
ons
thatfol
low:
-
Q

St
ep 4 CH3CH2OH/
H2SO4

St
ep3
P CH3COONa

2-
St
ep2 Cr
2O7(
aq)/H+(aq)

H2SO4(l)
Et
hanol C
o
1
70Cs
tep1
Na(s)

CH3CH2ONa

(
i)Nameanddr awt hestructureofs ubstanceQ
(
ii
)Gi vet henamesoft her eactionsthatt akeplaceinsteps2and4
(
ii
i)Whatr eagentisneces saryforreacti
ont hattakesplaceinstep3
29. Subs t
ancesAandBar erepr esentedbyt hef ormulaeROHandRCOOHr especti
vel
y.
Theybel ongtotwodi f
ferenthomol ogouss er
iesoforganiccompounds
.IfbothAand
B
reactwi thpotassi
um met al:
(a)Namet hecommonpr oductpr oducedbybot h
(
b)St atet heobservati
onmadewheneachoft hes amplesAandBar ereactedwit
h
sodi
um
hydrogen carbonate
(i)A
(
ii)B

30. Bel
owar estruct
uresofpar
ti
cles
.Useitt
oans werques
tionst
hatf
oll
ow.I
neac
hcas
e
onl
y
el
ectr
onsi ntheouter
mostenergyl
evelar
es hown
key
P=Pr ot
on
N=Neut ron
1
9P
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 20
1
4
N1

U V
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
X=El
ect
ron

(a)I
dent i
fyt
hepar ticl
ewhi chisananion
31. Plas
ticsandr ubberar eextensivel
yusedt ocoverelectri
calwi
res.
(a)Whatt er
mi sus edt odescribeplas
ticandr ubber
sus edinthi
sway?
(b)Explai
nwhypl as ti
csandr ubbersareus edthisway
32. Thes chemebel owr epresentsthemanuf actur
eofacl eani
ngagentX

R Conc. R Cleani
ng
SO3H agentX
H2SO4

(a)Dr awt hestr

uct ureofXands t
atethet ypeofcleani
ngagenttowhichXbelong
(b)Stateonedi s advantageofus ingXasacl eani
ngagent
33. Ygr amsofar adioacti
vei s
ot opetake1 20daystodecayt o3.
5grams.Thehal
f-l
if
e
per
iod
ofthei sot
opei s20days
(a)Findt heini
tialmas softhei sotope
(b)Giveoneappl icat
ionofr adioacti
vit
yi nagri
cul
ture
34. Thes tructurebelowr epresentsapol ymer .St
udyandans werthequesti
onsthatfol
low:
- H H

-
C–C-

CH3 H n
(i
)Namet hepol ymerabove. ..
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
(i
i)Determi net heval ueofni fgiantmol ecul
ehadr el
ativemol ecularmas sof4956
35. RCOO-Na+andRCH2OSO3-Na+ar etwot ypesofcl eansingagent s;
i
)Namet hecl assofcl eansingagent stowhi cheachbel ongs
ii)Whichoneoft heseagent sin( i
)abov ewouldbemor esuit
ablewhenwas hi
ngwi
th
water
fr
om t heI ndianocean.Expl ain
ii
i)Bothsul phur( I
V)oxi deandchl ori
near eus edbleachi ngagents.Expl ainthe
di
ff
erence
i
nthei rbleachi ng properti
es

36. Thef
ormul
agi
venbel
owr
epr
esent
sapor
ti
onofapol
ymer

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
42
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

H H H H

C C C C

O H O H
n

U(
a)Gi
vethenameofthepol
ymer
(
b)Drawthest
ruct
ureoft
hemonomerus
edt
omanuf
act
uret
hepol
ymer

Radi
oact
ivi
ty
1
. Compl
etet
hef
oll
owi
ngequati
onbydet
ermi
ningt
heval
uesofUandV.
234 u 0
Th Pa + e
90 v -
1

U……… V…………….
.

2. (
a)Di
sti
ngui
shbetweennuclearfus
ionandfi
ssi
on
(
b)Competethenucl
earequati
onbelow:-
230 230

90 91 +
3. Urani
um -238dis
int
egratesbyemit
ti
nganalphaparti
cletof
ormsubs
tanceY.
Nucl
ideYemitsabetaparti
clet
oformsubstanceZ.Writ
edownnucl
earequat
ionst
o
s
howhow
subs
tanceYandZar eformed (U=AtNo.92)

4. (
a)Whatisanucl
ide?
(
b)Thegraphbel
ows howsther
adi
oact
ivedecayofacer
tai
nnucl
ide.Det
ermi
net
he
hal
f-
li
feoft
henuclide

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
43
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

(
e)Whateffectdoexces
sfulexpos
uresofr adi
ati
onhaveonmet al
s?
5. (
a)Stat
eonewayi nwhichnuclearreact
ionsdiff
erfr
om or
dinar
ychemi
calr
eact
ions
(
b)Thefol
lowingisapartofUrani
um decays er
ies

238 234 St
epI
I 234 St
epI
II Z
St
ep
U X
I
92 Th Pa A
90 91
(
i)Whi chpar
ti
clesareemi t
tedinstepIandI I
(i
i)Ifabetaparti
clei
semi tt
edi nst
epI II
,fi
ndZandA
(i
ii)I
ftheacti
vit
yofThor i
um -234isr educedto25%i n48hours
,findi
tshalfli
fe
6. Subs t
ancesAandBar erepresent
edbyt heformul
aeROHandRCOOHr es
pectivel
y.
Theybelongtotwodi f
fer
enthomol ogouss eri
esoforgani
ccompounds.IfbothAand
B
reactwi t hpot as si
um met al:
(a)Namet hecommonpr oductpr oducedbyboth
(b)St atet heobs er vationmadewheneachoft hes ampl
esAandBarer
eact
edwi t
h
sodi
um
hydr ogen car bonate
(i)A
(
ii)B
7. Somet woel ement sar erepr esentedas :
16
27
and
( 8 nypr
a)Howma otonsdoesXhave?
(b)Howmanyneut r
onsdoesYhave?
(c)Dr awt hes truct ureoft hecompoundf or
medbet weenXandY
8. Ygr amsofar adi oactiveisot opetake1 20daystodecayto3.
5gr
ams
.Thehal
f-l
if
e
peri
od
oft hei sotopei s20days
(a)F indt hei nit
ialmas soft hei sotope
(b)Gi veoneappl icati
onofr adioacti
vit
yi nagri
cul
ture

9. St
udyt
henucl
earr
eact
ionsgi
venandans
wert
heques
tionst
hatf
oll
ow:
1
4
1
2
X St epI Y
St
epI
I
1
4
Z
6 6 7

(
a)Wr
it
eanequat
ionf
ort
henucl
earr
eact
ioni
nst
epI
I
(
lmk)
(b)Giveoneus eof Y
(
lmk)
1
0. Gi vetwous esofr adioacti
veisotopesinmedi ci
ne.
1
1. St udythei nformationint hefoll
owingtabl
eandans wert
hequesti
onst
hatf
oll
ow.The
l
ett
ers
donotr epres enttheact ualchemicalsymbolsoftheelement
s.
ELEMENT U V W X Y Z
NUMBEROFPROTONS 18 20 6 1
6 1 9 17
NUMBEROFNEUTRONS 22 20 8 1
6 20 20
Whichoft heaboveel ement sare:
(i
)Likelytober adioacti
ve?
ForMor eE-Res ourcesCal l0705525657 144
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
(
ii
)Abl
etof
orm acompoundwi
tht
hehi
ghes
tioni
cchar
act
er?

1
2. Thei s
otope decaysbyBet a,- emis
siont
oas tabl
enucli
de.Thehal
f-
li
feofthe
24
isotopeis15hours2. 0go
1 f
1 isall
owedtodecay.Deter
minethemassofleft
aft
er90hours
13. ( a)Compl etethefol
lowi ngnucl earequat i
on
55 55
Cr Mn+____________
24 25
(b)100gofar adi
oacti
ves ubstancewasr educedt
o12.5gwithi
n15.6year
s.Deter
mine
t
hehalf-l
if
eoft hes ubstance

SECTI
ONI
IIPRATI
CALS

KAKAMEGACENTRALDI
STRI
CT
CONFIDENTIAL
ACCESSTO: -
 1 M NaOH
 1 M NH4OH
 1 M HCL
 0. 01m PB( NO3)2
 Sour ceofheat
 pHchar t(PH=1to14)
 1 0mlofsolutionK
 Sodi um hydrogencarbonate

PREPARATI ONOFSOLUTI ONS:

1.Sol
utionJ
Dissol
ve17gofammoni um iron(II
)sulphatein50cm3 of2M H2SO4 di
lut
eto1dm3
2.Soluti
onKKMnO4
Dissol
ve1.6gofpot assi
um manganat eviiin20cm3 of2MH2SO4 dil
uteto1dm3
3.Soluti
onR
Dissol
ve40gofsodi um thi
osulphatei
n1 dm3 ofsol
uti
on
4.SolutionS
Dissol
ve172cm3 ofconcentratedhydrochlori
cacidin1dm3 ofsol
uti
on
5.SolidYi salumini
um sulphate
6.SolidZi soxali
cacid.

Eachcandidatewillrequi
re:
Q1.
1. Soluti
onJ-1 00cm3
2. Burette
3. Solut
ionK-1 00cm3
4. Pi
pette
5. 2coni calf
lasks
6. F il
terfunnel
7. Ret ortstand

1
. Youareprovi
dedwith:
Sol
uti
onJ:xM ammonium ir
on(I
I)
sul
phatesol
uti
on
Sol
uti
onK:0.02M potas
sium manganat
e(VI
I)
sol
uti
on
Youarerequi
redtodetermine:
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
45
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
-Themolar
it
y,xoft
heammoni um iron( I
I)s
ulphat
e
-Theamountofwaterofcr
ystal
li
sation,Ninammonium i
ron(
II
)sul
phat
e
-Thef
ormulamassofammonium iron( I
I)
sul
phate.

Procedur
e
The ammoni
um i
ron(
II
)sul
phat
e,(
NH4)
2SO4F
eSO4nH2Os
olut
ionpr
ovi
ded was made
by
dissol
ving8.5g oft hes altin50. 0cm3 ofdi
lut
es ul
phuri
c(VI
)aci
d,thenmak i
ng the
solut
ion
to 250cm3 us i
ng di stil
led water.
Fi
lltheburettewi t
hs olut
ionK.Pi pete25cm3ofs
t olut
ionJandr el
eas
ei nt
oa conical
fl
ask.
Tit
rateJagains tKunt i
lthes ol
utionbecomespermanentpi
nk.Repeatt womoreti
mes
and
completethet ablebel ow;-
Table1
I I
I II
I
3
Finalbur
reter acing( cm )
Finalbur
reter eading( cm3)
VolumeofSol ut
ionKus ed
(cm3)

a)Calcul atetheaver agevol umeofs oluti

onKus ed
b)Thenumberofmol esofs oluti
onKr eacti
ng
c)Givent hatequat ionfort her eacti
onis :
MnO-4(aq)+8 H+(aq)+5F e2+(aq) Mn2+(aq)+5F
e2+(aq)+4H2O(l)
Determi ne:
i)Thenumberofmol esofi ron( I
I)sal
ts ol
uti
onJi n25cm3 ofthes ol
uti
onus ed
ii
)Themol arit
yofs olutionJ
ii
i)Theconcent r
at ionofs ol utionJi ngramsperl it
re
d)F r
om yourr esultsi nC( iii)above,det ermine:
i)theval ueof“ n”i nthef ormula( NH4)2SO4F
eSO4nH2O.
(N=1 4,H=1 ,S=32,O=1 6,F e=56)
ii
)Cor rectformul aofthei ron( I
I)salt
i
ii)Thef ormul amas soft hei r
on( I
I)sal
t

Q2.
1. 120cm3 ofs ol
uti
onR
2. 80cm3 ofs olut
ions
3. 250cm3 oft apwat er
4. 25mlor50mlmeas ur
ingcyl
inder
3
5. 100cm gl assbeaker
6 5x5cm pi eceofwhi t
epaper
7. Stopwat chorcl ock.

2. Youar
epr ovidedwi t
h:
i
)Sodi
um thiosulphatecont
aining40g/dm3 s
olut
ionR
i
i)2M hydrochlori
cacidsol
utionS
Youar etodet ermi
nether ateofr
eacti
onbet weens
olut
ionSandt
het
hios
ulphat
e

Pr
ocedure:
Meas ure20cm3 ofs
olut
ionRi
ntoanempt
y100cm3 br
eaker
.Pl
acei
tonamar
k‘X’on
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
46
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
awhi t
e
plai
npaper .Meas ur
eanother20cm3 ofsol
uti
onS.addi nt
oRands tartof
fthestop
watch.Then
recordthet imet akenfort
hemar k‘
X’t obecomeinvis
iblefr
om above.Repeatthe
pr
ocedur eby
meas uri
ng1 7.5cm3 ofs
oluti
onSandaddi ng2.5cm3ofwaterandcompletethetable;
-
Table2
Experi
ment 1 2 3 4 5
Vol umeofs ol
utionRcm3 20 20 20 20 20
3
Vol umeofs ol
ution S c m 20 17.
5 1 5 1 2.
5 1 0
Vol umeofwat er( cm3) 0 2. 5 5. 0 7. 5 1 0
Time t aken f orx t o become
i
nvi sible(seconds )
1/ti
me ( Sec-1)
1
a)Dr awagr aphofr eciprocalti
me(/t)agains
tvolumeofsol
uti
onS
b)Expl aint hes hapeoft hegr aph
c)Fr
om t hegr aphdet ermi net hetimet
akenf orthecros
s‘X’t
obei nvi
sibl
eat1
6.5cm3 of
sol
uti
onSQ3.
1. SolidY- 1spatulaful
2. Sol idZ- 1spatulaf
ul
3. 6t es ttubes
4. 1r ed+1 bluel i
tmuspaper s
5. Met alli
cs patula
6. pHpaper

3. Youar eprovidedwi thsolidYandZt ocarryoutthetes tsbelow.Wr i

teyour
obser
vationsand
infer
encesint hes pacespr ovided:-
a)i)Place alls ol
idY i nacl eant estt
ube.Add1 0cm3 ofdi s
til
ledwaterandshake.
Di
videt hesoluti
oni na( i
)aboveinto4por ti
ons
ii
)Tot hefir
stpor t
ionadds odium hydroxidedropwiseunt ili
nexces s
ii
i)Tothes econdpor ti
onaddaqueousammoni adropwi seunt i
linexcess
iv)Tot he thirdportion add5 dr ops ofdil
utehydrochl ori
c acid
v)Tot hefourthpor t
ionadd3dr opsoflead(II
)nitr
ates oluti
on

b)i)Scoopa l i
tt
les ol
idZona met al
li
cs pat
ulaand heatitoverabunsenf
lame
ii
)Addal ltheremaini
ngs ol
idt
o1 0cm3 ofdi
sti
ll
edwaterinatesttubeands
hake.
Dividethes ol
uti
oninto3por
tions
i
ii
)t
ot hefir
s tport
ion di
pa pH i ndi
catorpaper

iv)tothe second por

tion add3dr ops of aci
difi
edpotass
ium permanganat
ewar
m
gent
lyKKC*
v)tothe t
hirdport
ion add½ s pat
ulaful
lofs odium hydr
ogen carbonat
e

KAKAMEGAEAST DISTRI
CT
CONF I
DENTI AL
INSTRUCTI ONS
Eachcandi dateshouldbepr
ovidedwit
hthefol
lowi
ng:-
1. Burette
2.Pi pette
3.Twoconi calf
lasks
4.F unnel
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
47
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
5.Phenol pht hal eini ndicator
6.Met hylor angei ndicator
7.Uni ver sali ndi cator
8.Sol utiona1 00cm3
9.Sol utionb1 00cm3
10.Solutionc1 00cm3
11.Distil
ledwat eri nwashbot t
le
12.0.2m CuSO4 ( soluti
onY)
13.0.7gzi ncpowder( solidZ)
14.Ther momet er
15.100mlpl ast i
cbeaker
16.Stopwat chorwr istwat ch
17.Tissuepaper½ met re
18.6t estt ubes
19.Oneboi lingt ube
20.SolidP
21.SolidQ
22.Fil
terpaper
23.Meansofheat i
ng
24.2m NaOH
25.2m H2SO4
26.0.1m bacl 2
27.0.1m pb( no3) 2
28.2m HCl
29.2m NH3(aq)
30.Met all
icspat ul a
31.0.5gNaHCO3
Not esonpr eparati
on ofsoluti
ons:
-
 Sol utionA0. 05M sodi um Carbonat
e
 Sol utionB=0. 1
M ofHCl
 Sol utionC=0. 1
6gKOH+1 .94gKClin250cm3 sol
uti
on
 Sol i
dP=CaCl 2a ndMgCO3
 Sol i
dQ=Car boxylicacid(oxali
c)

1
. Youar epr ovidedwi th:-
 Sol uti
onAcont aining0. 05mol esin1 dm3 ofsoluti
onofanhydr ousSodi um Carbonate
 Sol uti
onB,monobas icaci d,HX
 Sol uti
onC,2. 1gofami xtureofpot as s
ium hydroxide(KOH)andpot as
s i
um chlori
de
3
(KCl)di s
solvedi ndi stil
ledwat erandmadeupt o250cm s ol
ution.
Youar er equiredt o:
(a)Standardiset hemonobas icaci d,solut
ionB
(b)Det erminet heper centageofpot assi
um chloride(KCl)inthemi xt
ure.
Procedur e:
Fil
lthebur ettewi thsolutionB.Pi pette25. 0cm3ofs ol
utionAint oacleandr yconical
f
lask
andt i
tratewi t
hs oluti
onBus i
ngmet hylorangei ndicat
or.Recordyourr esul
tsint abl
e1
below:-

1 2 3
3
F
inalburett
ereading(cm )
I
nit
ialburet
tereading(m3)
c

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
48
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
Volumeofs
olut
ionBus
ed
3
(cm )

(a)Calculatetheaveragevol
umeofs olut
ionBus ed
(b)Givent hattheequati
onforther eacti
ont aki
ngplacei s:-
Na2CO3(aq)+2HX(aq) 2NaX(aq)+CO2(g) +H2O(l)
Calcul
atet heconcentrat
ionofsol
utionBi nmolesperl i
tr
e
Procedur eII
Fil
lthebur ett
et othe0.0markwit
hs ol
utionB.Pipett e25.0cm3 ofs
olut
ionCi
ntoa
cl
ean
dryconicalflaskandt it
rateitagai
nsts
olut
ionBus
ingphenol
pht
hal
eini
ndi
cat
or.
Repeatt
he
t
it
rationandf i
lltabl
eI Ibelow:-
TableII
1 2 3
Finalburettereading( cm3)
Init
ialburett
er eading( m3)
c
Volumeofs oluti
onBus ed
(cm3)

(c)
Whatist heaver agev olumeofs olut
ionBus ed?
(d)Cal culatet heconcent rati
onofs ol
utionCi n:-
(i)Mol esperl i
tre
(ii)Gr amsperl it
re( K=39,O=1 6,H=1)
(e)Cal culatet heper cent ageofpot assium chlor
ideint hemi xture
2. Youar epr ovidedwi th:-
- Sol ut i
onYcont aining0. 2mol esofcopper( II
)s ulphat
eperl i
treofs ol
ution
- Sol idZ
Youar er equir edt o:
Det er minet heheatevol vedwhen1mol eofsoli
dYr eactswiths ol
idZ
Pr
ocedur e
- Meas ur e40cm3 ofs olutionYandpl acei ti
ntoani nsulated100cm3 plasti
cbeaker
- Stirt hes oluti
onwi tht hehel poft hermomet erandr ecor ditstemperatureafterevery
½ mi nut e
f
or1 ½ mi nut es.
- Afterexact l
y2mi nutes ,addal lthes ol
idZpr ovidedandcont i
nues ti
rri
ngt hemi xt
ure
whi l
er ecor dingt het emper atureofs ol
ut i
onandcompl etethet abl
ebel ow:
Time ½ 1 1 ½ 2 2½ 3 3½ 4 4½ 5 5½ 6 6½ 7
(mi nut es)
Temper atur e
o
(C)

(
b)(i
)Ont hegr aphpaperpr ovi
ded,pl otagr aphoft emperatureagai
nstti
me
(i
i)From yourgraph,determinet hemaxi mum t emper at
urechange
(
c)Giventhatthedens i
tyoft hesolutionis1g/cm3,det ermi
net hequant
ityofheat
ev
olved
when40cm3 ofs olut
ionYi sr eactedcompl etelywithsoli
dZ
-
1-1
(s
pecifi
cheatcapacityofs ol
ut i
on=4. 2jgk)
(
d)(i
)Givent hatsol
idZisZi ncpowder ,wri
teani onicequat i
onofthereact
ionwhich
oc
curs
(i
i)Determinethemol esofcopperi onsus edupi nt hereacti
on
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
49
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
(i
ii)Determinetheamountofheatt hatwoul
dbeevolvedi
fonemoleofCopper
(II
)ionswereus edup
(
iv)Explainwhytheval ueobtai
nedinthisr
eacti
onisl
owert
hantheact
ualvalue?
3. I
.Youar eprovidedwit
hs olidP.Carr
youtthetest
sbelowandwri
tet
heobservati
ons
andinferencesi
nt hes pacespr
ovided

(a)Heataboutonet hi
rdofs oli
dPi nacleandr ytes ttube
(b)Add1 0cm3 ofdi st
il
ledwat ertotheremaini ngs oli
dPi naboi l
ingtubeands hake.
Fil
terandr etainbotht her esi
dueandt hefilt
rate.Divi
dethef i
lt
ratei nt
ofour
port
ions
(i)Tothef i
r stporti
onaddaqueousSodi um hydr oxidedropbydr opt i
llinexcess
(
ii)Tothes econdpor t
ionadddi lutesulphur i
caci d
(
iii
)Tot het hirdporti
on,addbar ium chlorides oluti
on
(
iv)Tot hefour thporti
on,addLead( II
)nitrates olut
ion
(c)(i)Tother es i
duef r
om ( b)aboveint hetes t-t
ube,adddi lut
ehydr ochlori
cacidand
ret
ain
themi xture
(ii
)Tot hemi xtureis(c)(i
)above,addaqueousammoni adropwi set i
llinexcess
II
.Youar epr ovidedwi ths ol
idQ.Car r
youtt het es tbelowandwr iteyourobs ervati
ons
and
inf
erencesi nt he spacespr ovi
ded

(
a)Scoopal
it
tl
eofs
oli
dQwi
thacl
eandr
ymet
all
ics
pat
ulaandi
gni
teus
ingaBuns
en
f
lame.

(
b)Placet
heremainingsol
idQi naboili
ngt ube.Addabout10cm3ofdis
til
ledwat
er.Shake
the
mixt
ureunti
litdi
ssol
ves.Divi
dethes olut
ioninto4porti
ons
(i
)Tothefi
rstporti
on,tes
tthePHwi thPHpaper .
(i
i)Tothesecondporti
on,addsoli
ds odium Carbonat
eands hake

MI
GORI–NYATI
KEDI
STRI
CT

CONF I
DENTI
AL
INSTRUCTI
ONS.
Apartfr
om t
henormalfi
tti
ngsi nthel aboratory,eachcandidat
ewillneedt
hef
oll
owi
ng
chemical
sandappar
atus.
1. 500mlofdi stilledwat ersuppli
edinawashbot tl
e
2. 50mlbur et
te
3. 25ml
4. api pett
ef i
ll
er
5. 2coni calfl
asks( 250ml )
6. Sour ceofheat( meansofheat i
ng)
7. Stopwat ch/clock
8. Ar uler
9. 100mlmeasur ingcylinder
10. 50mlmeasur ingcyl i
nder
11. Compl eteret or tst
and
12. 12cm longmagnesi um ribbonlabell
edC
13. 100mlofsol utionA ( sulphuri
cacid)
14. 80mlofsol utionB( Sodium hydroxi
desolt
n.)
15. 100mlempt ybeaker
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
50
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
16. Funnel
17. Sandpaper
18. 3gofsol idE
19. 1gofsol i
dF
20. Meansofl abel
ing
21. Sixcleant esttubesinat esttuber
ack
22. 3boi l
ingtubesi nar ack
23. Met al
li
cspat ul
a
24. About0. 2gofsodi um hydrogencar
bonat
e
25. Glassr od.

Access
1. 2M Ammoni asol uti
onsuppl iedwi thadr opper
2.2M Sodi um hydr oxidesolutionsuppl iedwi thadr opper
3.2M Lead( I
I)Nitratesuppl i
edwi thadr opper
4.0. 2M SilverNi t
ratesolutionsuppl iedwi thadr opper
5.Aci dif
iedpot assium dichromat e(VI )suppliedwi thadr opper
6.Aci dif
iedPot assium Manganat e(VII)suppliedwi thdropper
N/B
1
.
Soluti
onAi spr eparedbyaccur atelymeasur ing27. 5cm3 ofconcentrat
ed
Sulphuricaci d,thenaddi ngi tto700mlofdi stil
ledwat erthentoppingittoone
l
itr
e.
Densityofaci d1 .
84g/cm3
2.Sol uti
onBi spr eparedbyaccur atelymeasur ing20gofNaOHpel l
etsand
dissol
ving
i
tin800cm3ofdi sti
lledwat erthent oppingt oonel it
rewi thdist
il
ledwater.
3.Sol idEandFwi llbepr ovidedbyt hecounci l.Sol i
dEi shighlydeli
quescentand
shouldbehandl edcaut iously

QUESTI
ON1 .
Youareprovi
dedwi t
h:
 Sulphuri
cacids ol
utionA
 0.5M sodium hydroxides oluti
onB
 Magnes si
um ribbonl abel
ledC
Youarerequi
redto:-
- Investi
gat
et herateofr eact i
onbet
weensoluti
onAandmetalC
- Det er
minetheconcent r
ationofsul
phur
icacidinmol
esperl
itr
e

Pr ocedur eI
(i)Us ing ar uler,make 6 mar ksat2cm l engthi
ntervalon t he Magnes i
um ri
bbon
provi
ded.
(ii)Trans er50cm3 ofaci
f ds ol
utionus i
ngameas ur
ingcyl i
nderi nt
oacl eandry100ml
beaker.
Place2cm l engt hpieceofmagnes ium r i
bbonintot hebeakerwi t
ht heacidand
i
mmedi ately
startthes topwat ch/
clock.Shakegent lyandnotethet imet akenforthepieceof
magnes ium r ibbontor eactcompl etely.
(iii
)Recor dint ableIbel ow.Pl aceanot herpi eceofmagnes i
um r i
bbon( 2cm)tothe
same
soluti
onandagai nnot ethet imet aken.
(iv)Repeatt hepr ocedureunt i
lalls i
xpiecesofmagnes ium ribbonhaver eactedwit
h
thes ames oluti
oninit
iall
ypl acedint hebeaker
(v)Compl etet het abl
eIbel ow:
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
51
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
Note:Keepthes ol
utionobt
ainedi
nthi
sexperi
mentf
orusei
npr
ocedur
eII
(
a)TableI
Pieceofmagnesium 1 2 3 4 5 6
added
Lengthofmagnes i
um 2 4 6 8 10 1 2
added(cm)
Timetakent(s
econd)
me 1/(s-
1)
Recipr
ocaloft
i t

(
b)( i
)Pl otagr aphoft otallengt hofmagnes ium ribbonaddedagai ns
treciprocalof
1
/
ti
me( )
t
f
ort her eacti
ont ogot ocompl etion
(i
i)From yourgr aph,det ermi nethet i
met akenwhen4.5cm lengthof
magnes ium ribbon
react
scompl et
ely.( Showpar tsont hegr aph)
(ii
i)Wr iteachemi calequat ionf orthereact i
onbet weenmagnes i
um ands ul
phur
ic
aci
d
(iv
)Gi vent hatthemas sofs ol
idV,whi chr eactedwas0. 12gandthatatomi cmass
of
magnes i
um is24. 0g,det erminet henumberofmol eofs ul
phuri
caci dthat
were
us edupdur i
ngt her eact i
on
(v)From yourgr aph,s tateandexpl aint her elati
ons hi
pbetweenthelengthof
magnes ium
1
ri
bbonandt her eciprocaloft ime( /)
t

ProcedureII
Placeallthesoluti
onobtai
nedi npr ocedureIinacl ean100mlmeas uringcyl
inder.
Adddi st
il
ledwat ertomake1 00cm3 ofsoluti
on.Transferal
lthes ol
utionintoabeaker
ands hakewell.Labeli
tsolutionD.F i
llt
hebur ettewithsoluti
onB.Pi pette25.0cm3
ofs ol
uti
onDi ntoaconicalflask.Add2- 3dr
opsofphenol phthal
einindicatorandtit
rate
withsoluti
on.Recordyourr esultsi
nt hetableIIbel
ow.Repeatt het i
trati
ontwomor e
ti
mes

(
f)TableII
Ti
trat
ion I I
I I
II
Fi
nalburett
ereading(cm3)
I
niti
alburet
tereading(cm3)
Volumeofs ol
uti
onB( cm3)
used

(
c)(i)Deter
mi netheaver
agevolumeofs ol
utionBus ed
(
ii
)Calculatet
henumberofmol esofsodium hydroxi
des oluti
onBused
(d)Calcul
ate:
(i)Thenumberofmol esofs
ulphuri
cacidi n25.0cm3 ofsolut
ionD

(i
i)Thenumberofmol esofsul
phuri
cacidi n100cm3 ofsol
uti
onD
(
e)Det erminethetot
alnumberofmolesofs ul
phuri
cacidin50cm3ofsol
uti
onA
(f)Calcul
atetheconcent
rat
ionoft
heor i
ginalsul
phuri
caci dsol
uti
onAinmoles
perl
it
re

2. Youar
epr
ovi
dedwi
ths
oli
dE.Car
ryoutt
hef
oll
owi
ngt
est
sandwr
it
eyour
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
52
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
observat ionsand
inf erencesi nt het abl ebel ow:
(a)Pl aceal lt hes olidEi naboi l
ingt ube.Addabout1 5cm3 ofdi still
edwat erands hake
vigor ous lyf orabout2mi nutes
b)( i
)di videt hes olutioni ntof i
veequalpor ti
onsi nf i
vedi ff
erentcl eantestt ubes .
(i)Tot hef irstpor tion,add2M ammoni as olutiondr opwi s eunt ilinexces s
ii)Tot hes econdpor t
ionadd2M Sodi um hydr oxides ol
utiondr op wiseunt i
lin
excess
iii
)Tot het hirdpor tionadd4dr opsof2M Lead( II
)nit r
ates olution
iv)Tot hef our thpor ti
on,add4dr opsof0. 2M silverni t
rates olut i
on,thenadd2M
ammoni a
s olut i
ondr opwi se,unt ilinexces s
(v)Cl eanoneendoft hegl as srodpr ovi ded.Di pthecl eanendoft hegl assr odint he
fi
fth
por tion.
Removet heendandheati tint henon- lumi nouspar tofaBuns enbur nerf l
ame.
Notethe
col ouroft hef lameandr ecor dbel ow: -
3. Youar epr ovi dedwi ths olidF .Carryoutt het estsbel ow.Wr i
teyourobs ervat i
onsand
infer ences
i
nt hes pacespr ovi ded
(a)Pl aceaboutahal fofs oli
dFonamet all
ics patulaandbur ni tus i
ngaBuns en
burnerf l
ame
( b)Pl acet her emai ningofs oli
dFi naboi l
ingt ube.Addabout1 0cm3ofdi s t
illedwat er
and
s haket he mi xtur ewel l
.
(c) ( i )Divi det hemi xtureobt ainedi nt ot hreepor ti
ons .
(
i i)Tot hef irstpor tion,addas mal lamountofs oli
ds odium hydr ogencar bonate
3
(
i ii
)Tot hes econdpor tion,addabout1 cm ofaci dif
iedpot assium dichr omate( VI
)
andwar m
(
i v)Tot het hirdpor ti
on,addt wodr opsofaci dif
iedpot ass ium magnat e( VII)

NYAMI
RADI
STRI
CT

CONF I
DENTIAL
INSTRUCTI
ONS
Eachcandi
dat eshoul dbepr ovi
dedwi t
h:
- About1 gofmal leicaci d–sol i
dP
- Acleanmet all
icspat ula
- Bunsenbur ner
- 500mldi sti
lledwat eri nawashbot t
le
- Sixtest-t
ubesi nar ack
- Onet esttubehol der
- 2boilingtubes
- About1 gofAl Cl3 –s olidM
- Onebl ueandoner edl it
muspaper
- Onevol umet ri
cf lask( 250ml)
3
- Onepi pett
e25cm
- Onepi pett
ef il
ter
- Onel abel
- Soli
dG–oxal i
caci d( exact
ly3g)inastopper
edcont
ainer
- 50mlor1 00mlmeasur i
ngcyli
nder
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
53
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
- 1 00cm3 beaker
- Onet her momet er
- Onest opwat ch/ cl
ock
- About0. 2gNaHCO3 sol i
d
- 1 00mlofsol ut i
onH
- Onebur ette( 50ml )
- 2coni calflasks
Accesst o:-
 0. 2M Pb(NO3)Sol utionsuppliedwi thadr opper
 0. 2M Ba(NO3) 2S olutionsuppliedwi t
hadr opper
 0. 1M KISol uti
onsuppl i
edwi t
hadr opper
 2M NaOHSol uti
onsuppl i
edwi thadr opper
 2M NH3(aq)Sol utionsuppl i
edwi t
hadr opper
 Aci dif
iedK2CV2O7Sol uti
onsuppl i
edwi thadr opper
Preparationinst
r uction
-Dissolve6. 4gofKMnO4 i n400cm3 2M H2SO4 andt opto1l
it
reusi
ngdi
sti
ll
edwat
er

1
. Youarepr ovidedwit
h:
- 0.0238Mol es( equi
valentt o3g)ofsol i
dG
- SolutionH,0.04M acidifiedpotas
sium manganate(VI
I)
Youarerequi redt
o:
I
.Determinet heenthalpyofs oluti
onofsoli
dG
I
I.Thenumberofmol esofwat erofcrys
tall
izati
oni
ns ol
idG

ProcedureI:-
Usingameas uri
ngcyli
nderplace50cm3 ofdi st
il
ledwat eri
ntoa1 00cm3 ofbeaker.
Sti
rthewat ergent l
ywithathermomet erandt akeitstemper at
ureaftereveryhalf
-
minute.
Recordther eadingintabl
eIbel ow.Atexactl
yt womi nutes,addallsoli
dGt ot he
water
atonce.Stirwellandtakethet emperatur
eoft hemi xtureaft
ereveryhalfmi nuteupto
thefourt
hmi nut
e.Recordyourr esul
tsi
nt abl
eI .Keept hesolut
ionsforprocedureII
below:
TableI
(a)
Time( min) 0 ½ 1 1½ 2 2½ 3 3½ 4
o
Temper ature(C X
)

(b)Onthegridprovided,plotagr aphoft ime( x-axi

s)agains
ttemper
ature
(
c)(i
)Ont hegraph,showt hec hangei ntemper at
ureT
(
ii
)Calcul
ate:
Themolarenthalpyofs ol
ution( Hsol ut
ion)
(Ass
umedens i
tyofsoluti
on=1 g/cm3 ands howt hesignofHsol
utionspeci
fi
c
heat
capaci
tyofsol
uti
on=4.2jg-1k-1)
ProcedureII
Transferthecont
entsofthebeakeri nt
oa250mlvolumetr
icfl
ask.Ri
nsebotht
he
beaker
andthet hermometerwit
hdist
ill
edwat erandaddt
ot hevolumetr
icf
las
k.Addmore
di
stil
led

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
54
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
wat ert oehmar k.
Labelt hi
ss olutionG
Fil
lt hebur ettewi ths ol
utionH
Us ingapi petteandpi pettefi
lt
er,pl
ace25.0cm3 ofsol
uti
onGi nt
oaconi calf
las
k.
Warmt he
mi xturetoabout60oC.Ti trat
ethehots ol
uti
onGwi thsol
uti
onHunt ilapermanent
pi
nkcolour
per s i
sts(whiles haking).Recordyourreadi
ngsi
nt able2.Repeattheti
tr
ationtwo
moreti
mes
andcompl etet able2
Tabl e2.
Titre I I I I I
I
Finalbur etter eading
Initialburetter eading
Vol umeofs olut i
onHus ed
(cm3)

(e)Calcul
atethe:
1
.Averagevol umeofHus ed
I
I.Numberofmol esofpot assi
um manganateVI
Ius ed
3
I
II
.Numberofmol esofGi n25cm s ol
utionGgiventhat2mol
esofpot
assi
um
manganate
(VI
I)reactedcompl etel
ywith5mol esofG
I
V.Relati
vef ormulamas sofG
(f
)For mul
aofGhast heform G.XH2 Deter
minethevalueofXinthefor
mulagi
ven
t
herelati
vef or
mul amas sforGis90. 0andatomicmassofOxygeni
s16andthat
ofHydrogeni s1.0

2. Youar epr ovi

dedwi thsoli
dM andcar r
youtt hetestsbelowwr it
eyour
obs
ervat i
onsand
infer
encesi nt hes paces
(i)Toadr yboili
ngt ube,placeallsoli
dM andadd1 2cm3 ofdisti
ll
edwat eranduset
he
sol
uti
onf ort hetestsbelow:-
(ii)To2cm3ofs oluti
on,addbot hlit
muspaper s
(ii)To2cm3 ofs
i oluti
on,addaqueouss odi
um hydroxidedr opwiseunt i
lexcess
3
(iv)To2cm ofs oluti
on,addaqueousammoni adropwi seuntili
nexces s
(v)To2cm3 oft hes oluti
on,add2dr opsofaqueouspot assium i
odide
(vi)To2cm3 ofs oluti
on,add3dr opsofaqueousl ead( ii
)ni
trate
(vii)To2cm3 ofs ol
uti
on,add3dr opsofaqueousBar ium nitr
atesolut
ion

2. B.Youar epr ovidedwi ths oli

dP.Car ryoutthet es tbel
ow.Wr it
eyourobs ervati
ons
and
i
nferencesi nt hes pacespr ovi
ded:
-
(
a)Placeonet hi r
dofs ol
idPonamet al
li
cs patulaandburni tusingaBuns en
bur
ner
(b)Pl
acet her emai ningofs ol
idPinat est-
tube.Addabout6cm3 ofdi s
til
ledwater
andshake
themi xture( retainthemi xt
ureforus eint est(c)
(c)()To2cm3 oft
i hemi xturein(b)aboveaddas patul
aendf ullofNaHCO3 soli
d
3 3
(i
i)To2cm oft hemi xtur
e,add2cm ofaci dif
iedpot as
sium dichr
omate( VI
)and
warm
(
ii
i)To2cm3 oft hemi xtureaddtwodr opsofaci di
fiedpotassium manganese(VI
I)
andshakewel l
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
55
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

SOTI
KDI
STRI
CT

CONF IDENTIAL
Requirement s:
I
naddi tiontotheequi pment ,appar atusandchemi calf
oundi nt
hechemi st
ry
l
abor atoryeachcandidat ewi llr equir ethef ollowi
ng:
 About1 00cm³ofsol utionL
 About1 00cm³ofsol utionN
 Abur et t
e
 Api pet te
 3coni calf l
asks
 4. 0gofsol i
dK
 Ther momet er
 Di sti
lledwat er
 Testt ubehol der
 3boi lingt ubes
 Phenol phthal einindi cator
 F il
terpaper
 F il
terf unnel
 Sour ceofheat
 1gofsol idx
 10mlmeasur ingcyl inder
 2M HNO
 Sevent estt ubes
 St ir
ringr od
 2M NaOH
 2M NH4OH
 2M HCL
 0. 5M l ead( II
)ni t
rate
 0. 5M bar i
um chl oride
NOTES
-Soluti
onLi spreparedbydi ssolving5gofNaOHi nal it
reofdi
sti
ll
edwat er
-Soluti
onNi sprepar edbydi ssol ving9. 84gofC2H2O4. 2H2Oinali
treofdist
il
ledwat
er
(oxali
caci d)
-SolidKispotassium chl or ate
-Solid Xisami xt
ur eofcopper( II)oxideandzi ncsulphatei
nther at
io1:
1

1
. Youar epr ovidedwi th:-
(i)Sol uti
onLcont aining5gperl it
reofs odi
um hydroxide
(ii)SolutionNcont aining9.84gperl i
tr
eofoxaliccrystalsoff
ormul
aC2H2O4.
XH2O
(iii
)Youar er equiredt odeterminethenumberofmol esofwaterofcr
ystal
li
zat
ionXin
onemol eofoxal i
cacid(C2H2O4.XH2O)
(iv)Youar erequi redt odetermi
net henumberofmol esofwaterofcr
ystal
li
zat
ionX;i
n
one
mol eofoxal icacid(C2H2O4.XH2O)
Pr ocedur e
(i)Fil
lt hebur ett
ewi thsol
utionN.
3
(ii)Pipet t
e25cm ofs olut
ionLinto250cm3 conicalfl
as kandadd2dropsof
phenol phthal
ein
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
56
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
i
ndicat
ortoitandti
tr
atewit
hsol
uti
onN.
(
iii
)Recordyourresul
tsi
nthetabl
ebel
ow
(
iv)Repeattheexperi
menttwi
cetoobt
aincons
ist
entr
eadi
ngsandcompl
etet
het
abl
e

Tabl
e1
Ti
trat
ion 1 2 3
Fi
nalburett
ereading(cm3)
I
nit
ialburet
tereading(m3)
c
Vol
umeofs ol
uti
onNus ed(cm3)

(
a)Cal culatet heaveragevol
umeofs olut
ionNus ed
(
b)Det er mine:-
(i
)Theconcent rati
onofs odi
um hydroxidei nonelit
reofsolut
ionL
(
Na=23,O=1 6,H=1)
(
ii
)Wr i
tet heequat i
onofthereacti
ont akingplace
(
ii
i)Thenumberofmol esofanhydr ouscar bohydr
atesoxali
cacidinoneli
treofthe
soluti
onN
(iv)Ther el
ativeformulamas sofanhydrousoxal i
cacid,sol
uti
onN( C=12,H=1 ,O=16)
(v)Thenumberofmol esofwaterofcr ystal
li
zati
oninonemol eofoxal
icacid

2. Youareprovi
dedwiths
oli
dK,aboi l
ingt
ubeandat her
mometer
.Youare
requi
redt
odet er
minet
hes ol
ubi
li
ti
esofsol
idK,atvari
oust
emperat
ures
.

Procedure:-
(a)Carefull
yt r
ansferal
lthe4.0gofsoli
dKi ntoacleanboi
li
ngtubeandadd
3
10cm ofdi sti
ll
edwat erf
rom aburet
te.
(b)Heatt heboi l
ingtubeandi tscont
entsgentl
ywi t
hshakingunt
ilal
lthesol
id
di
ssol
ves.
(Donots pi
llthes ol
utionduri
ngheati
ng.
)Stopheatingwhenallthesol
iddiss
olves
.
Seet hediagr am bel
ow:-

Ther
momet

Tes
t-t
ube
hol
der

Boi
li
ngt
ube

Heat
(c)Gent
lyst
irthesol
uti
onusi
ngthethermomet
erandrecor
dthetemper
atur
eat
whi
ch
cr
yst
alsappear
. ( Thecr
yst
alsappearass
malls
hini
ngpart
icl
es)
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
57
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
(
d)Us ingabur etteadd2. 5cm3 ofwat ert ot hes olutionandheatunt ilallthesolid
dis
solves.
Repeatpr ocedur e( c)
(
e)Repeatt heexper imenteacht i
meaddi ng2. 5cm3 ofdi sti
lledwat erfrom abur ette.
Recor dt her es ultsi nt het ablebel ow: -
Tot alvol umeofwat er( cm3) 10. 00 1 2. 50 1 5. 00 1 7.50 20. 00 22. 5
0
Mas sofs ol idK( g) 4. 00 4. 00 4. 00 4. 00 4. 00 4. 00
Sol ubi li
tyofKi ng/ 100gofwat er 40. 0 22. 90 1
7.78
0
Temper atur eatwhi chcr ys t
als
appear(oC)
(i)Compl etet het ablebyf ill
ingi nt her owf ors ol
ubi l
ityofKandt emperatur eat
whi chcr ys talsappear
(ii)Ont hegr idpr ovided,dr awt hegr aphofs olubi l
it
yofKver sust emperat ure
(iii
)Atwhi cht emper aturei ss olubi l
ity24/ 100gofwat er ?
(iv)I fas ol uti
oncont ai
ning30gofKat85oCi scool edt o60oC
(
a)Atwhi cht emper atur ewi l
lcrystalsf irstappear ?
(
b)Whatwoul dbet het otalmas soft hecr ys t
alsobt ai nedwhent hes olutionf
inally
cool st o60oC
(
c)Whati st hes olubi li
tyofKat75oC
3. Youar epr ovi dedwi ths oli
dXwhi chi sami xtureoft wos oli
ds .Car ryoutt hef
ollowi ng
test
s
toi dent if
yt hec ationsandani onspr es enti nt hemi xture.
3
(
a)Addabout1 0cm ofwat er,stirandt henf il
ter .Keepbot ht her esidueandt hef il
trat
e
f
or
f
ur therr eact ions .
(b)Pl acet her es iduei naboi li
ngt ubeandadddi l
ut eni tri
caci dandwar m.Dividet he
sol
ution
i
nt ot wopor t
ions
st
(
c)Tot he1 por tionaddNaOH(aq)t illinexces s
nd
(d)Tot he2 por ti
onaddaqueousammoni at i
llinexces s
st
(e)Di vi det hef i
ltratei nto5por tions .Tot he1 por tionadddi l
ut eHCl
nd
(f
)Tot he2 por tionaddl ead( II)Ni trates olut i
on
(g)Tot het hi rdpor tionaddBar ium Chl orides olution
th
(h)Tot he4 por ti
onadds odium hydr oxides olut iont i
llinexces s
(i
)Tot he5th por ti
onaddaqueousammoni at i
llinexces s

UGENYA–UGUNJADI
STRI
CTS

CONFIDENTI
AL
IDENTITI
ESOFSOLI DS
M-Potassium manganate( VI
I)cr
ystal
s,KMnO4
N–Ammoni um Fer
oussul phatehexahydrate,(
NHa)
2.F
e(SO4)
2.6H2O
S–OxalicacidH2C2O4.2H2O
Q-HydratedBarium Chlor
ide,BaCl2.2H2O
R-Oxali
cacid
Note:SandRar ethesamesubst ances
I
NSTRUCTI
ONS
I
naddit
iontotheapparatusandchemical
sfoundi
nthechemi
str
ylabor
ator
y,each
candi
datewil
lrequirethefol
lowi
ng:
1
.1 50cm3 ofsol
uti
onM
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
58
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
2.1 00cm3 ofsolut i
onN
3
3.1 00cm ofsol ut i
onS
4.One50cm3bur ette
3
5.One25cm pi petteandpipett
efil
ter
6.Onet hermomet er(-0oC–1
1 0oC)
1
7.Onef il
terfunnel
8.Twoconi calflasks
9.Tr i
podst andandwi regauze
10.Sourceofheat
11.8cleandr yt esttubesinar ack
12.2boilingtubes
13.1met all
icspatula
14.250mlofdi st
ill
edwat eri
nawashbot t
le
15.About1 gofsol i
dR
16.About1 gofsol i
dQ
17.1redand1bl uel i
tmuspaper

Accessto:
1) 2M NaOHsuppl i
edwi thadr opper
2)0. 5M Na2SO4 suppl iedwi thadr opper
3)0. 1
M Pb( NO3)2suppliedwi thadr opper
4)Met hylor angeindicator
5)0. 5M Ba( NO3) 2suppl iedwithadr opper
Notes:
1. Sol ut
ionM ispr eparedbydi ssolvi
ng3. 16gofsoli
dM i n400cm3
of2M H2SO4 andmaki ngi tupt o1litr
eofsol ut
ionwithdisti
ll
ed
wat er.
2.Sol ut
ionNi sprepar edbydi ssolvi
ng23. 5gofsoli
dNi n200cm3
of2M H2SO4 andmaki ngi tupt o1litr
eofsol ut
ionwithdisti
ll
ed
wat er.
3.Sol ut
ionSi spreparedbydi ssol
ving5gSi n600cm3 ofdist
il
led
wat erandmaki ngi tupto1l itr
eofsol utionwit
hdisti
lledwater
6)QUESTI ON1
Youar epr ovidedwi th:
- Aci dif
iedaqueousPot as s
ium manganat e( VI
I)KMnO4,s olut
ionM( t
obeus edalsoin
ques t
ion3) .
- Sol ution N,cont aining 23.5g ofammoni um ir on (I
I)sulphate,(NH4)
2 F e(
SO4)2 .
6H2O,perl it
re.
- Sol utionS,cont aining5. 0gofadi bas i
cacid,H2X. 2H2Operl it
re

Youar
er equi
redt o:-
1. Standardizethepotassi
um manganat
e(VI
I)
,sol
uti
onM,us
ingt
heammoni
um
- ir
on( I
I)sulphate,s
oluti
onN.

- Us ethestandardi
zedpotass
ium manganat
e( VI
I)
,sol
uti
onM t
odetermi
nethe
concent
rat
ionoft hedibas
icaci
dH2 X•
2H2O,soluti
onsSandthenthef
ormul
amas sof
X.

Procedur
eI
Fi
lltheburet
tewi
thsol
uti
onM.
Pi
pet t
e25.0cm3ofs
olut
ionNi
ntoaconi
calf
las
k.Ti
tr
ates
olut
ionNwi
ths
olut
ion
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
59
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
M unti
lapermanentpinkcol
ourj
ustappear
s.Recor
dyourr
esul
tsi
ntabl
eIbel
ow.
Repeatthi
sprocedur
et ocompl
etetabl
eI

(
a)Tabl
eI
I I
I I
II

F
inalbur
ett
ereadi
ng(
cm3)

I
niti
albur
ett
ereadi
ng(cm3)
Volumeofsol
uti
onM us
ed
(cm3)

(b)Det er minet heaver agev ol

umeofs oluti
onM us ed,
( c)Cal culatetheconcent rat
ionoft heammoni um iron( I
I)sul phate,solutionN,in
moles
perl itr
e.( RFM of( NH4)2 Fe( SO4)2.6H2O=392)
(d)Cal culatethenumberofmol esofi ron(II
)ionsi nthe25. 0cm3 ofsol uti
onN
(e)Us ingt hei oni cequat ionfort her eacti
onbetweenmanganat e( VI
I)andi ron(I
I)
i
ons,given
below,cal cul atetheconcent rationofmanganat e( VII
)ins olut
ionM i nmol es
perli
tr
e.
MnO-4(aq)+5F e2+(aq)+8H+(aq) Mn2+(aq)+5Fe3+(aq)+4H2O(l)

Procedur eI I
Pipette25. 0cm3 ofs ol
uti
onSi nt
oaconi calfl
ask.Heatthi
ss olut
iontoabout70oC
andt it
rate
thehots olutionSwi thsolut
ionM unt
ilaper manentpinkcolourjustappear
s.
Shaket horoughl y
dur i
ngt het itrati
on.Recordyourresul
tsint abl
eI I
.Repeatthisprocedureto
compl etethet ableI I
(f
)Tabl eI I
I II I
II
Finalbur etter eading(cm3)
Init
ialbur etter eading(cm3)
Volumeofs ol ut
ionM (cm3)

(
g)Recor
dtheaver
agevol
umeofs
olut
ionM us
ed(
showhowyouar
riveatt
he
ans
wer
)

V2=…………………………………………………………………………………

(
h)Calcul
atethenumberofmol
esoft hemanganat
e( VI
I)i
onsi
nvolumeV2
(i
)Giventhat2molesofthemanganate(
VII
)ionsreactwit
h5molesoft
hedi
bas
ic
aci
d,
H2X•
2H2O,cal
cul
atet
henumberofmol
esofthedibas
icaci
d,H2X.
n25cm3
2H2Oi
ofs
oluti
onS
(j
)Cal
cul
atetheconcentr
ati
onoft
hedi
basi
cacidH2X.2H2O,i
nmolesperli
tr
e

(
k)Cal
cul
atet
hef
ormul
amas
sofXi
nthedi
bas
icaci
d,H2X.2H2O.(
H=1
.0,O=
1
6.0

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
60
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
2. Youar eprovi
dedwi ths ol
idQ.Carryoutt hefoll
owingtestsandwr i
teyour
obs er
vationsand
i
nferencesint hespacespr ovi
ded
(
a)Pl aceaboutone-halfofs oli
dQi nadr ytesttube.Heatstrongl
yandt estanygas
produced
usinglit
muspaper s
b)Pl acetheremainings oli
dQi naboili
ngt ube.Addabout1 0cm3 ofdis
til
ledwat erand
shakewel l
.
i)Toabout2cm3 oft hes ol
uti
oninat esttubeadds odium hydroxi
des ol
utiont il
lin
excess
i)Toabout2cm3 ofs
i oluti
onQi nat es
tt ubeaddabout2cm3 of0. 5M sodium s ulphate
soluti
on
ii
i)Toabout2cm3ofs olutionQinat esttube,addabout4cm3ofbar i
um nitrat
e
soluti
on
(
iv)Toabout2cm3 ofs oluti
onQi nates ttube,add3dr opsoflead(II
)nitrates olut
ion
and
heatthemixturet oboil
ing

3. Youareprovi
dedwit
hs ol
idR.Carr
youtt hef
ollowingt
est
sandwr
it
eyour
obser
vat
ionsand i
nfer
encesinthespacesprovided

(a)Placeal i
ttl
eofs ol
idRi nacleanmetal
li
cs patulaandignit
ewithabunsenflame
(b)Placeallther emainings ol
idRinaboili
ngt ube.Addabout6cm3 ofdi
sti
ll
edwater
3
ands hakewel l
. Us e2cm por ti
onstocarryoutt hetestbel
ow:
(i)Add2cm3 ofs olutionobtai
nedbydilut
ing1 cm3 ofs
olut
ionM wi
th5cm3 of
3
di
sti
ll
edwat erto2cm ofs ol
ut i
onR.
(i
i)Add3dr opsofmet hylor
angeto2cm3 ofs ol
utionR

MATUNGUDI
STRI
CT
CONFI
DENTIAL
I
NSTRUCTIONS.
I
naddit
iontotheappar at
usandf i
tti
ngsfoundi nthelabor
ator
yeachcandi
dat
eshoul
d
have:
1. One25mlpi pet te
2.One3- waypi pet t
ef il
ler
3.One0- 50m/ sBur rette
4.Two250m/ sconi calf l
ask
5.Onest opwat ch/ clock
6.One250mlgl assbeaker
7.One1 00mlmeasur ingcyli
nder
8.One1 00mlgl assbeaker
9.Onet hermomet er( -1
0t o10oC)
1
10.Onelabel
11.Onepieceofwhi tepaper
12.Onemeasur ingcyl inder(1
0ml s)
13.Si
xdrycl eant esttubeont est-
tubet ack
14.Oneboili
ngt ube
15.Onecleandr ymet all
icspatula
16.250cm3 dist
il
ledwat erinwashbot t
le
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
61
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
17.Onefil
terpaper( dry)
18.Onefil
terfunnel
19.Oneglassr od
20.About0.5gsodi um hydr ogencar bonat
esuppliedi
nastopperedbot
tl
e
21.0.
5gofsol idF(accur at elymeasur ed)
22.About130cm3 ofsodi um t hiosul
phate(0.25M sodi
um t
hiosul
phat
e,sol
uti
on
D)
23.About30cm3 of2. 0M HCl( solut
ionE)
24.About0.5gsol i
dT
25.About0.5gsol i
dX
3
26.About180cm ofsol utionB
27.About80cm3 ofsol utionA

Accessto:
1. Phenolphthal
eini ndi
catorsuppl
iedwit
hadr opper
2.Bunsenbur ner( sourceofheat)
3.Acidif
iedpot assium manganate(VII
)sol
uti
on
4.Concent ratedsul pur
icacid
5.Ethanolinast opperedbottle

NOTE:
1. Sol
idX–Oxal icacid
2.SolidT–Cal cium Chl oride
3.SolutionA–0. 5M NaOH
4.soluti
onB–0. 5M HCl
5.SolidF–ZnCO3 ( Zi
nccar bonate)
Ques
tion1.
Youar eprovidedwith:
- SolutionA,sodi um hydr oxide
- SolutionF,0.2gofacar bonate(MCO3)
- SolutionB,0.5M Hydr ochlori
cacid
- Phenol pht
hal
ei nindicator

Youar erequir
edto:
(a)Standardi
zesol
uti
onAwit
hsolut
ionB
Us
ingapi pet
teandapi
pet
tefi
ll
erpl 0cm3 ofs
ace25. olut
ionAi
ntoa250mlc
oni
cal
f
las
k
Add2- 3dr opsofphenol phthal
einindi
cat
or
Recor dyourr esult
si ntable1below
Repeatt hepr oceduretwomor eitemsandcompl
etetabl
e1
Table1
I II II
I
Finalburettereadings( cm3)
Init
ialburett
er eadings(cm3)
Volumeofs olut
ionBus ed
(cm3)

(a)Calculat
et heaveragevolumeofs olut
ionBus ed
(b)(i
)Det erminethemol esofsodium hydroxi
deused
(ii
)Calculat
et hemolarit
yofSodium hydroxide
ProcedureII
- Pl aceallthe0.2gofs ol
idFintoa250cm3 beaker .
- Meas ure100cm3 ofthe0.5M hydrochl
oricaci
ds ol
uti
onus
i 00cm3 meas
ng1 uri
ng
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
62
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
cyli
nderandaddi ttothesolidi nthebeaker .
- Shakewellunt i
leffer
vescences t
ops;labelthi
ss ol
uti
onC
- Pipett
e25.0cm3 ofs ol
uti
onCi ntoa250cm3 coni calf
las
k
- Add2- 3dropsofPhenol phthaleinindi
cator
- Titr
atesol
utionCagai nstsolutionA
- Repeatthepr ocedureandcompl etetableIIbelow:
Tabl
eII

I I
I I
II

Cal
culatethe:
(a)Aver agevolumeofs ol
uti
onAus ed
(b)Numberofmol esofhydrochl
oricacidthatwasinthe25cm3 ofs
olut
ionCus
ed
(c)(i)Numberofmol esoftheCar bonatein0.2g
(i
i)Relat
ivefor
mulaofthecar bonatesoli
dF
QUESTI ON2
Youar eprovi
dedwith:
o Solut
ion D,0.25M Sodium thi
osulphat
e
o Solut
ionE,2.0M Hydrochlor
icacid

Youarerequi
redto:
Det
erminetheeff
ectoft
emper
atur
eonr
ateofr
eact
ion.

Procedure:
- ace50cm3 ofs
Pl ol
uti
onDi n1 00mlgl assbeakerprovi
dedandr ecordi tsst
eady
t
emperature.
-Mar kacr oss(x)onapi eceofwhi tepaperandpl acethebeakercont aini
ngthe
t
hios
ulphateoni t.
-Meas ure5cm3 ofs ol
uti
onEandaddi ttot hebeakerwit
hthethiosulphateands wire
car
eful
lynott opourthecont ent
.
-St artas t
opwat chimmedi atel
ythel astdropofacidisadded
-Lookt hroughthes ol
uti
onandnot ethet imetakenforthemarkt obecomei nvi
sibl
e
o o o o
-Repeatt heprocedurewi t
ht hethiosulphateheatedto30C,40C,50Cand60C

Recordyourresul
tsi
ntableIIIbel
ow:
TableII
I
o 1
Volumeof Volumeof Temper
atur
e( C) Ti
me /t
thi
osul
phateused solut
ionEused (s
ecs
)
(cm3) (cm3)
25 5 I
nit
i empo
alt
25 5 30
25 5 40
25 5 50
25 5 60

(
a)Us
eyourr
esul
tst
opl aphof1/
otagr tagai
nstt
emper
atur
e
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
63
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
(
b)F
rom yourgr
aph,det
ermi
net
het
imet
akeni
fthet
emper
atur
eoft
hes
olut
ioni
s
31
8K
(
c)Ex
plai
nhowt
her
ateofr
eact
ionchangeswi
thi
ncr
eas
eint
emper
atur
e

QUESTION3
Pr ocedur e1:
Youar epr ovidedwi ths ol
idT.
Placeas patulafullofsoli
dTi nacleanboil
ingtubet henaddabout1 0cm3 ofdist
il
led
water
.
Shaket hemi xtureforabout1mi nut
ethenfilt
er.Divi
det hefil
trateint
o4por t
ions.
3
(a)Tot hef i
rstpor ti
onaddabout2cm ofs odium hydroxide(soluti
onA)
(b)Tot hes econdpor tonaddabout2cm3 of2.
i 0M hydrochlori
cacid
(c)Tot het hirdpor t
ion,addaf ewdropsofphenolphthaleinindicat
or
(d)Tot hef ourthpor t
iondipacleanglas
sr odandpl acet hesoakedendoft heglass
rod
ontoa non- luminousflame

Procedure2:
Youar epr ovidedwi thsolidX.Car r
youtt hetest
sbelowandr ecordyourobs ervati
on
and
i
nferencesi nthet ablebel ow:
Placeones patul
aendf ullofs ol
idXi naboi l
ingtubeandaddabout1 0cm3 ofdisti
ll
ed
wat er
.
Shakewel landus eforthet es t
sbel ow:
(a)Tot he2cm3 ofs ol
utioni nat est-t
ube,addones patulaendf ul
lofsodium hydrogen
carbonate
(b)To2cm3 ofs oluti
on,addt hreedr opsofacidi
fi
edpotassium manganat e(VII
)
soluti
on
(c)Placeabout5cm3ofet hanolinat esttubeandadddr opsofconcent ratedsulphuri
c
acid
thenaddas patul
aendf ullofsolidX.war mthemixturecareful
ly.Shakewel land
pour
themi xtureinto20cm3 ofwat erinabeaker

CONF IDENTI
AL
Requirement s:
-
1. Soluti
onX1,acidif
iedpot assium manganat e(VII)soluti
on.I
tispreparedbydissolvi
ng
3
3.16gofKMnO4 i n400cm of2M H2SO4.adddi sti
ll
edwat ertomakei tupto1l
it
r e
sol
ution
2.Sol uti
onX2,0. 1
MI ron( II
)Sul phate
–I
ti spreparedbydi ssolving20. 8GofI ron( I
I)Sulphatein1l
it
reofdistil
ledwater,add
afewdr ops ofconcent ratedsul phuri
c( VI)acid,to avoidoxidat
ion.
3.Sol uti
onX3 contains3. 45gofsodi um ni
trit
ei n1lit
reofsol ut
ion
4. Sol i
dM –Pot assium ni t
rate
5.Sol i
dY-( Oxali
caci d)
1
. Youhavebeenpr ovi dedwi th:
(i
)SolutionX1,aci
difiedPot as si
um manganat e( VII
)s ol
uti
on
(i
i)Soluti
onX2,0. 1MF eSO4
(i
ii
)SolutionX3,Sodi um Ni t
rite

Youarerequir
edto:
(a)St
andardi
zesol
utionX1,us
ingX2
(b)Useexperi
mentalres
ultst
owrit
eioni
cequat
ionf
ort
her
eact
ionbet
weenmanganat
e
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
64
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
(
VII
)ionsandni
tr
atei
ons

Pr
ocedur eI:
-
(i
) F il
lthebur et
tewit
hs olut
ionX1
(i
i) Pi pete25cm3ofs
t oluti
onX2 int
o250mlconicalf
lask
(i
ii) Ti tr
atesoluti
onX2 wit
hs olut
ionX1unt
ilapi
nkcolourjus
tappear
(i
v) Recor dyourr esul
tsintable1:
TABLE1
Finalburett
ereading I I
I I II
(cm3)
I
ni t
ialburet
tereading
(cm3)
VolumeofX1us edcm3

Calcul
ations:
(a)Calculatetheaveragevolumeofs olut
ionX1used
2+
(b)Calculatethenumberofmol esofF e i n25cm3 ofs
olut
ionX2 us
ed
(c)Ift
her at
ioMnO4-:Fe2+i
s1 :
5,calculatetheconcentr
ati
onofMnO4 ionsi
nmol
esper
dm3
Procedur
eII
:

(
i) Rinset heconicalf
laskandr ef
il
lthebur ettewit
hs ol
uti
onX1
3
(
ii) Pipett
e25cm ofX3 i nt
oacl eanconicalflask
(
iii
) War mthissol
ut i
ontoabout50oC( Note:Beaccur at
ewithtemperat
ure)
(
iv) Titr
atethesoluti
oni n(i
ii
)aboveagai nsts ol
uti
onX1from t
heburett
etoapi
nk
colour
(
v) Recordyourres ul
tsintableII.

Cal
culat
ions:
(a)Calcul
atetheaver agevol umeofX1us ed
(b)Calcul
atethenumberofmol esof:
(i
)Sodium ni tr
iteinonel it
reofs oluti
on( Na=23,N=1 4,O=16)
3
(i
i)Nitr
iteionsi n25cm ofs ol
utionX3 us ed
(i
ii
)Mol esofs oluti
onX1us ed
(c)(i)Wor koutt heappr oximat erati
oMno4- :NO-2
(ii
)Wr itedownt hei onicequat i
onf ort
her eact
ionbet
weenaci
dif
ied
manganate
(VII
)ions andni t
riteions
2.Youar eprovidedwi ths ol
idM.Youar er equir
edt o:
(i)Carryouttestons oli
dM
(ii
)Recordyourobs ervati
onsandi nf
erencesaccor dingl
y.

Pr ocedure:
-
1.( i)DissolvesolidM in15cm3ofdi sti
ll
edwater.Di
vi det
her esul
ti
ngs ol
uti
onintosi
x
por
tions .
Recordyourobs ervati
ons
(ii)Add3- 4dropsofLeadni tr
atet othefi
rstpor
tion
(ii
i)Add3- 4dr opsofBarium nitr
ates ol
uti
ontot hesecondporti
on
(iv)Add3- 4dr opsofsodium hydr oxi
des ol
uti
ont othethir
dpor t
ion
(v)Di pagl as
sr odintothef ourt
hpor ti
on.Heattheendofgl as
sr oddippedint
othe
sol
ution
i
nanon- luminousf l
ame
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
65
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
(
vi)Add4dr
opsofaci
dif
iedmanganat
e(VI
I)t
othef
if
thpor
ti
onandwar
mthemi
xtur
e

Q3.
1. SolidY-1spatul
aful
2. Sol idZ-1spatul
aful
3. 6t esttubes
4. 1r ed+1 bluel i
tmuspaper
s
5. Met al
li
cs patul
a
6. pHpaper
3. (a)Youarepr ovidedwi t
hsol
idY

Youar
erequir
edto:
(
i) Carryoutthetes
tdes cri
bedbelowons ol
idY
(
ii
) Recordyourobservat
ionsandinfer
ences
(
ii
i) Tes
tforanygas(es)produced

Procedur e-
(i) Pl aceas patul
aofs oli
dYi ntoaboi l
ing
(ii) Addabout1 5cm3 ofdi sti
ll
edwat erands hakewel l
(iii
) Di videtheres ultings ol
utionintofi
vepor tions
(iv) Us eauniversali ndicatorpapert otestpor ti
ononeoft hes oluti
on
(v)Addas patul
aofs odium car bonatetothes econdpor tion
(vi)Addt hreedropsofPot assi
um manganat e(VI I
)s ol
uti
ont othe3rd porti
on
t
h
(vii)Addt hreedropsofbr ominewat ertot he4 por ti
on.War mthemi xt
urei f
nec
essar y
(viii
)Pl ace2cm3 ofet hanoli nat est-
tube.Add2dr opsofconcentratedSul phuri
c(VI)
acid
andt henas pat ul
aendf ullofsol
idY.Shakewel landwar mt hemi xturec ar
eful
ly,
pour
thewar m mixtur einto25cm3 ofcol dwat eri nabeakerandnot ethes mell

MUMI
ASDI
STRI
CT

CONF I
DENTI AL
INSTUCTIONS.
Inaddit
iont ot heappar at
usandf i
ttingsfoundi
nthel
abor
ator
yeachcandi
dat
eshoul
d
have:
1. One25mlpi pette
2.One3- waypi pet t
efill
er
3.One0- 50m/ sBur r
ette
4.Two250m/ sconi calflask
5.One1 00mlmeasur i
ngcyl i
nder
6.One1 00mlgl assbeaker
7.Onet hermomet er(-0oCt
1 o1 0oC)
1
8.Onest opwat ch/cl ock
9.Onel abel
10.One1 0m/ smeasur i
ngcyl i
nder
11.Whi tet i
le
12.250mlbeaker
13.St andandcl amp
14.10cm3 ofsolut i
onA
3
15.80cm ofsol utionB
16.160cm3 ofsol utionC
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
66
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
17.200cm3 distil
ledwat ersuppl
iedi
nwashbot
tl
e
3
18.10cm Pot assium manganate
19.250cm31 .
0M sul phuricaci
d
20.75cm3 ofsolut i
onX
21.About0.5gofsol i
dK
22.About0.5gofsol i
dF
23.Onebl ueandoner edli
tmuspapers
24.Onemet alli
cspat ul
a
25.Sixdryandcl eantest-t
ubes
26.Oneboi l
ingt ube
27.About0.5gSodi um hydrogencar
bonat
e

ACCESSTO:
1. Sour
ceofheat( Bunsenbur ner)
2.Phenol pht
halei
nindicat
orsuppliedwithadropper
.
3.Soluti
onQ( aqueoussodium sul
phate)suppl
iedwit
hadr
opper
4.Acidif
iedleadIInit
ratesuppli
edwi t
hadr opper
5.Ethanol
6.Conc.H2SO4

NOTE:
1. Sol
uti
onAi s4.0m hcl
2.Soluti
onBi s0.1m H2C2O4.
2H2O
3.Soluti
onCi s0.2m NaOH
4.Soluti
onXi smadebydi ssolvi
ng5gofsugar(sucr
ose)in1 00m/sdi
sti
ll
edwater
5.Potassi
um Manganat e(VII)sol
uti
onDismadebydi ssol
ving3.1
6gofthesol
idin
3
600cm ofdisti
ll
edwat eranddi l
uti
ngt
o1l i
tr
e.
6.SolidKi sZi
ncchloride
7.SolidFisoxali
cacid

Quest
ion1
Youareprovi
dedwi th:
- AqueousHydr ochlori
caci ds
oluti
onA
- Solut
ionBcont aining6.3gofdibasi
caci n500cm3 ofs
d,H2C2O42H2Oi olut
ion.
- Aqueouss odi
um hydr oxidesol
uti
onC
- Phenolpht
haleinindicat
or

Youarerequiredto:
(a)St
andardi
zet hesodi
um hydroxi
desoluti
onC
(b)Usethestandardi
zedsol
utionCt odeter
minet
heconcent
rat
ionofs
olut
ionA

Pr
ocedure1
- F i
llthebur ettewithsoluti
onB
- Us ingapi petteandpi pett
ef i
ll
er,pl
ace25.0cm3 ofs
olut
ionCi
ntoa250ml
conicalf
lask.
- Add2- 3dr opsofPhenol phthal
einindi
cat
or
- Ti t
ratesolutionBagai nstsoluti
onC
- Repeatt hepr ocedur
eandcompl etetabl
e1below:

Tabl
e1
I I
I I
II
F
inalburett
ereadings(m3)
c
I
nit
ialburet
tereadi cm3)
ngs(
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
67
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
Volumeofs
olut
ionBus
ed
3
(cm )

(a)Calculatet heaver agevol umeofs oluti

onBus ed
(b)Calculatet heconcent r
ationoft hedi basi
caci
d(C=1 2,H=1 ,O=1 6)
(c)Calculatet hemol arityofs olut
ionC
Procedure2
- Us inga1 00cm3 meas uringcyl i
nder,measure90cm3 ofdist
il
ledwaterandplace
itintoa250cm3beaker .
- Add1 0cm3 ofaqueoushydr ochlori
cacidsoluti
onA
- Us inga1 0cm3 meas uri
ngcyl inder,mixthes ol
uti
onwellandlabeli
tsolut
ionD
- F il
labur ettewiths olutionD.
- Pi pet t
e25. 0cm3 ofthes ol
uti
onCi oa250cm3 coni
nt calfl
ask
- Ti trateus ingphenol phthaleinindicat
or
Recordyourr esultsi
nt able2

Tabl
e2
I I
I I
II
3
Finalburett
ereadings(cm)
I
ni t
ialburet
tereadi cm3)
ngs(
Volumeofs ol
uti
onDus ed
(cm3)

(
a)Cal
cul
atet
heaveragevol
umeofs olut
ionDused
(
b)Howmanymolesofhydrochl
ori
cacidwer epr
esenti 00cm3ofs
n1 olut
ionD
(
c)Cal
cul
atet
hemolarit
yoftheori
ginalsol
uti
onAus ed

Ques
tion2
Youareprovidedwi th:
- 1
.0M sulphuricacid
- Potas
sium manganat e(VI
I)s
olut
ionD
- Aqueousgl ucose,sol
uti
onX

Youar erequi
redto:
Determinetherateofreact
ionbet
weenaci
dif
iedpot
ass
ium manganat
e(VI
I)and
aqueous
glucos
eatdi f
fer
enttemperatur
es.

Pr
ocedure
- Place2cm3 ofs ol
uti
onDi nt
oa250mlbeaker .Us inga100mlmeas uri
ngcyli
nder,
3
add50cm of1 .
0M Sul phuri
cacidtothebeakercont aini
ngsolut
ionD.
- Heatt hemi xturetoabout65oC,add1 5cm3 ofsoluti
onXands tartastopwatch
i
mmedi atel
y.
- Stirthemi xtureusingat hermometerandnot ethet i
meandt emperatureatwhich
t
he
col
ouroft hemi xtur
echangesf r
om pur pl
etocol ourl
ess.
- Cleant hebeakerandr epeattheprocedureattemper atur
es,60oC,55oC,50oC
o
and45Ct ocompl etetable3below:-

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
68
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

Tabl
e3
o
Temper aturebef oremi xi
ng( C) 60 55 50 45
Temper aturewhens oluti
onbecomes
o
col ourles s( C)
Time( s econds )
1 -
1
/t
ime (s)
(a)Pl
otagr aphof1/ t(y-axis)agai ns tthet emper atur
eatt hepoi ntwhent hesoluti
on
becomes
colourless
(b)F rom yourgr aph,det ermi net het i
met hatther eacti
onwoul dt akeifthe
temperatureat
which t hes ol
ut i
onbecomescol our l
essis42. 5oC
(c)Ex plaint hes hapeofyourgr aph
Ques t
ion3.
Youar epr ovidedwi t
h:
- Sol idK
Procedur e
Carryoutt hetes t
sbel ow.Recor dyourobs ervati
onsandi nferencesi nthes paces
provi
ded.
(a)Heatabouthal fspatulaendf ullofsol
idKi nacl eant es ttube,heatgent l
yt hen
str
ongly.
Tes tanygaspr oducedus ingbluel i
tmuspaper s.
(b)Di ssolvet her emai nings oli
dKi naboi li
ngt ubeinabout1 0cm3 ofdi st
il
ledwat er
and
uset he s oluti
onf ort het estsbelow:
(i)Toabout2cm3 ofs olutionK,addaqueouspot assi
um hydr oxidedropwi s
eunt i
l
inexces s
(ii)Toabout2cm3 ofs olutionK,addabout5cm3 ofs oluti
onQ( aqueouss ul
phate)
3 3
(iii
)Toabout3cm oft hes olutionK,addabout6cm ofaci dif
iedleadI Initrat
e

Youar eprovidedwi th:

o Sol i
dF
Procedur e
Addabout1 0cm3 ofdi st
ill
edwaterintohal
fspat
ulaendf ullofsol
idFi naboili
ngt ube
ands haket horoughly.
( Toabout2cm3 ofs
c) oluti
onF ,addthewholeofsodium hydr ogencarbonate
(d)Toabout2cm3ofs olut
ionF,addabout5dr opsofacidif
iedpotassium manganate( VI
I)
then
warmthemi xture.
3
(e)Placeabout5cm ofet hanolinat es
t-t
ubeandadddr opsofconcent r
atedsulphuri
c
acidthen
addt her emainings oli
dF .Warmt hemixt
urecareful
ly.Shakewel landpourthe
mixtureint o
20cm3 ofwat erinabeaker

KI
SUMUDI
STRI
CT

CONFI
DENTI
AL
I
NSTRUCTI
ONS.
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
69
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
I
naddi
ti
ont oor dinar yappar atusi nthelaboratoryeachcandi
dat
ewi
llr
equi
re;
1. 2gSol i
dA
2.1 00cm3 sol utionB-Hydr ochlori
caci d
3
3.200cm sol utionC -Sodi um hydr oxide
4.Bur ette
5.Pi pet te
6.Two250mlconi calflask
7.Met hylor angei ndi cator
8.1 00mlmeasur i
ngcyl i
nder
9.1 0mlmeasur ingcyl inder
10.Distil
ledwat er
11.Means ofl abel l
ing
3
12.30cm sol ut ionS
13.50cm3 sol ut i
onS-Hydr ochl
oricaci d
3
14.50cm sol ut i
onT- Sodium hydroxide
15.Tent esttubes
16.Rack
17.100ml
18.Ther momet er
19.Sour ceofheat
20.SolidU
21.Spat ula
22.Redandbl uel it
muspaper
23.Fil
terf unnel
24.Fil
terpaper

Accesstothef oll
owing:-
 2M Sodi um hydr oxide
 2M pot assium iodine
 2M Ni tr
icacid
 2M Ammoni ahydr oxide
 Sol i
dA–Perst udentmeasur e[0.32gCaCO3 +1.
68NaCl
]
 Sol utionB-[ 0. 5M HCl]
 Sol utionC-[ 0.4M NaOH]
 Sol utionS - [1
.0M HCl ]
 Sol utionT-[ 1
.0M NaoH]
 Sol i
dU-[ Onespat ulaCuCO3 +onespat
ulaPb(NO3)
2
QUESTION1 .
Youareprovi
dedwi th:
 2gofani mpur ecalci
um car bonate,s olidA
 Hydrochl
oric
 Hydrochl
oricacid,solut
ionB
 16gperlit
res ol
utionofs odium hydr oxide,sol
uti
onC

Youarerequiredtodetermine;
- Concentrat
ion ofsoluti
onBi nmolesperli
tr
e
- Percentageofthecar bonatei
nmixtureA
PROCEDUREI :
Pipett
e25. 0cm3 ofs ol
utionC i
ntoa250mlf l
ask.Add2-3dropsofmethylor
ange
i
ndicat
or.
Titr
ates ol
uti
onC wi tht hehydr
ochlori
cacids
olut
ionB.Repeatthi
spr
oceduretwo
mor eti
mes
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
70
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
andr
ecor
dyourr
esul
tsi
ntabl
eIbel
ow:
-

Tabl
eI :-
Titrati
on I I
I I
II
Finalburett
ereading(cm3)
Initi
alburet
tereading(cm3)
Vol umeofs ol
uti
onB( cm3)
us ed

Calcul
ati
ons:-
(a) ( i)Calcul atetheaveragevolumeofs oluti
onBus ed
(
ii)Calcul at
ethenumberofmol esofs odium hydroxi
desol
uti
onCpipet
ted
(
iii
)Cal culatethenumberofmol esofhydr ochl
ori
cacidsol
uti
onBthatr
eacted
withs odi
um hydroxi
dein(a)( i
i)above
(
iv)Calcul atethemolarit
yofhydrochloricacidsoluti
onB

PROCEDUREI I
:
(a) Pl aceallt he2gofs oli
dapr ovidedi
ntoaconi calf
laskandadd25. 0cm3of
hydr
ochloric
acids ol
ution Bt oitusingacleanpipette.Swi r
lthecont entsoft hefl
ask
vigorouslyuntil
effer
ves cencestops.Us i
nga1 00mlmeas uri
ngcylinder,add1 75cm3 ofdi
sti
ll
ed
wat erto
makeupt hesoluti
onupt o200cm3 ofs oluti
on.Labelt hissoluti
onD.Us i
nga
cleanpipette,
transf
er25. 0cm3 ofsoluti
onDi ntoaconi calfl
askandadd2- 3dropsofmethyl
orangei ndicat
or.Tit
rates ol
uti
onDwi ths odium hydroxides olut
ionC.Repeat
thepr oceduretwomor etimesandr ecordyouri nt hetableIIbelow:-

t
abl
eII:
Ti
trat
ion I I
I I
II
Fi
nalburett
ereading(cm3)
I
niti
alburet
tereading(cm3)
Volumeofs ol
uti
onC( cm3)
used

(
b)(i)Cal cul atetheaver agevolumeofs oluti
onCus ed
(
ii
)Cal culatet henumberofmol esofs odium hydroxidesoluti
onCpr esenti
nt he
averagevolume
(
ii
i)Cal culatethenumberofmol esofhydr ochl
oricacidpresentintheorigi
nal
200cm3
ofs olut
ionD
(i
v)Cal cul atet henumberofmol esofhydr ochlori
cacids ol
uti
onBcont ainedinthe
ori
ginal
25. 0cm3 ofs oluti
onBus ed
(
v)Calcul at ethemol esofcal
cium carbonatet hatreactedwithhydrochlor
icaci
d
sol
utionD
(
vi)Calculat et hemas sofcal
cium carbonatei n2gofs olidA
(
vii
)Cal culat etheper cent
ageofcalci
um car bonatepr esenti
nt hemixture(sol
idA)
2. Youar epr ovi dedwi t
h: -
 Solut i
onofhydr ochlori
caci
d,S

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
71
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
 1.0M soluti
onofsodi
um hydr
oxide,s olut
ionT
Youarer equiredto:
(i
)Calculat
et heheatofmolar
it
yofhydr ochlori
caci
d,soluti
onS
(i
i)Determinet heheatofr
eact
ionformol eofhydrochl
oricaci
dwi
ths
odi
um hydr
oxi
de.

PROCEDURE
I
. Places ixt es ttubeson at es ttuber ack.Us i
nga1 0mlmeas uringcyl i
nder,meas ur
e
and
pour5cm3 ofs olut ionTi nt oeachoft het esttubes
3
I
I. Meas ure20. 0cm ofs olutionSandpouri ntoa1 00mlbeaker .Meas uret he
temper at ur e
oft hiss olutionandr ecor di nt ableI I
Ibel ow.
3
I
II. Pourt hef i
r stportionoft he5cm ofs oluti
onTi nt ot hebeakercont ainingthe
20. 0cm3
ofs olutionS.St irthemi xturecar efull
yus i
ngat her momet erandr ecor dthehi ghest
temper atur ereachedi nt abl eIII.
I
V. Pourt hes econdpor tioni mmedi atelyintot hemi xtureinthebeaker ,stircareful
ly
and
recor dt hehi ghes tt emper at ureint ableI I
Icont inuet hi
spr ocedurewi t
ht he
remaining
por t
ionsofs olutionTt oc ompl etetabl eIII.
Tabl eIII:
(a)
Titration 0 5 1
0 15 20 25 30
3
Vol umeofs oluti
onTadded( cm )
Vol umeofs oluti
onsS+T ( cm3)
o
Temper at ureofmi xtur e( C)
(
c)F rom t hegr aph,det ermi ne: -
(i
)Thevol umeofs olutionTr equi r
edt or eactcompl etelywit
hs oluti
onS
(i
i)Thehi ghes ttemper at urechange,T
(
d)Cal culatet heheatchangef ort her eaction;
(Heatchange=M x4. 2Jg-1oC-1xt ,as sumet hedens i
tyofthes ol
utiont obe1 cm3)
g/

(e)Calculatethenumberofmol esofthesodium hydroxidesolut

ionTusedi nthe
ex
per
iment
(f
)Calculatethenumberofmol esofthehydrochloricacid,sol
uti
onSus edinthe
ex
per
iment
(g)Determi netheheatofr eact
ionpermoleofhydr ochlori
cacid,sol
uti
onS
3. Youar epr ovi
dedwiths ol
idU,c ar
ryoutthetestbel ow.Recordyourobservati
onsand
i
nfer
encesi nt het
able.Identi
fyanygas(es)evolved.

(
a)Heatas pat
ulaendf ullofmixtureUi nat esttube.
(
b)( Dissolveapar tofmixtureUi nabor t10cm3 ofdist
il
ledwat er
(
c)F il
terthemi xtureandr etai
nbot hfi
ltrat
eandt heresidue.Divi
dethefil
tr
atei
nto
t
wopor
tions.
(i)Tot hefir
stpor t
ion,adds odium hydroxidedr opwiseuntilinexces
s
i
i)Tot hes econdpor ti
on,addPot assium iodidesoluti
on

(
d)Dividetheresi
dueint
ot wopart
s:-
(i)Putonepartinatesttubeandadddil
utenit
ri
caci
dunti
ltheresi
duejus
tdissol
ves
(ii
)Divi
detheresul
ti
ngs olut
ioni
ntotwopart
s.Topar
tone,adddil
utesodi
um hydr
oxi
de
s
oluti
on

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
72
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
dr
opwiseunti
lin exces
s
(
ii
i)Topar
ttwo,addaqueousammoni
adr
opwi
seunt
ili
nexces
s

RACHUONYODI
STRI
CT

CONF I
DENTIAL
INSTRUCTIONS.
Inaddit
iontocommonf it
tings ,appar atusandchemi cal
sfoundi
nt heschooll
aborat
ory.
Eachcandidat
erequires:-
1. 50.0mlbur ette
2.250mlpi pette
3.Pi pettef ill
er
4.Two25. 0mlconi calf lasks
5.Acl eanmet all
icspat ula
6.Oneboi l
ingt ube
7.Awhi tet il
e/plainpaper( white)
8.Ei ghtcl eandr ytest -tubesonar ack
9.1 .
5gofcar bonat eA-accur atelyweighedandplacedinastopperedtest
-
tube
10.75cm3 of0. 1M sodi um hydr oxidelabel
edC
11.75cm3 of1 M hydr ochl ori
caci dlabeledsol
uti
onB
12.10mlmeasur i
ngcyl inder
13.Onef i
lterpaper
14.Af i
lterf unnel
15.Agl assr od
16.45cm3 of0. 42M gl ucose,l abeledX
3
17.130cm of2. 0M H2SO4 l abelledZ
18.10mlof0. 04M KMnO4 l abelledY
19.Stopwat ch/stopcl ock
20.Ther momet er( -0oC–1
1 10oC)
21.100mlmeasur ingcyl inder
22.SolidK( about2g)
23.Distil
ledwat eri nawashbot t
le
24.A250mlvol umet ricf l
ask( one)
25.Meansofl abel i
ng( one)

Accesstothef ol
lowing:-
1. Bunsenbur ner
2.Phenol phthaleinindi
cat orsol
ut i
onsuppli
edwithadropper
3.Tr ipodstandandawi regauze
4.2. 0M NaOHsuppl i
edwi thadr opper
5.2. 0M HCl
6.2. 0M HNO3 suppl i
edwi thadr opper
7.0. 5M BaCl2s uppli
edwi thadr opper
8.Cal cium hydroxidesolutioninast opper
edcontai
ner
9.2. 0M ammoni asolut
ionsuppl i
edwi thadropper
10.0.05M pot assi
um iodidesolutionsuppli
edwithadropper

Pr
epar
ati
onofchemi
cal
s
(i) SolidA–Calcium Car
bonat
e
(ii
) SolidK–MixtureofLead(I
I)car
bonat
eandsodi
um sul
phat
eint
her
ati
o
1
:1

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
73
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
1
. Youareprovi
dedwi th:
 1.
5gofmet alCarbonateA
3
 75cm of1M hydrochlori
cacidlabel
ledB
 75cm3 of0.1
Ms odium hydroxi
delabell
edC
Youarerequir
edtodet erminethemol armas
soft
hecar
bonat
e

Procedur eI
Trans fercarefull
yal lsolidAi nt oacl ean250mlvol umet ricfl
as k.Add50cm3 oftheacid
l
abell
ed
Bi nt otheflaskcont ainingt hec arbonat e.Wai tuntilthereactioniscompl ete
(Nomor eeffervescencet akespl ace)
Quest
ion 1.
3
(a)F indthemol esofhydr ochlor i
caci dpres entin50cm ofs oluti
onB
Procedur eI I
Whent hereact i
oni scompl ete,add1 00cm3 ofdi st
ill
edwat ert othecont ent
softhe
f
las
kands hake.
Addmor edis t
ill
edwat ertot opt hes oluti
ont ot hemar k.Labeli tassolutionD.Pi
pett
e
25cm3 ofs oluti
onDi ntoa250cm3 ofconi calflaskandt it
ratewi thsol
utionCus i
ng1to
2dr opsofphenol phthaleini ndicator.Recor dyourr es ul
tsintabl e1bel
ow.Repeatt hi
s
procedur et oobt ain
accur atevalues :

I I
I I
II
Finalburett
ereading(cm3)
I
ni t
ialburet
tereading(m3)
c
Volumeofs ol
uti
onCus ed
(cm3)
(
b)Det
ermine t
heaver
agev
olume
ofs
olut
ionCused

(c)( i
)Cal culatet hevol umeofs odium hydr oxi de t hatwouldreactwi h250cm3 oft
t he
dil
utedaci d
(i
i)Cal cul
at et hemol esofs odium hydr oxides oluti
onCi nthevolumeobt ai
nedi nc(i
)
Above
(
d)Wr itedownequat ionf ort her eact i
onbet weenhydr ochlori
cacidands odium hydroxide
(
e)Howmanymol esofhydr ochl oricaci dar eleftaf tert hereacti
onwi ththemet alcarbonate
A
(
f)Calculatet hemol esofhydr ochlor i
caci dthatr eactedwi th1
.5goft hemet alCarbonateA
(
g)( i
)Wr itedownt hei onic equat ion bet weencar bonat eandhydr ochlor
icacid
(i
i)Calcul atemol esofcar bonat eA
(i
ii
)Cal culatethemol arms soft hecar bonat eA
2. Youar epr ovidedwi th:-
- 2. 0M s ul
phur ic( VI)acids oluti
on,s olutionZ
- 0. 42M glucos e,s ol
ut i
onX
- 0. 04M pot as sium manganat e( VII)solutionY
Youar er equi redt odet ermi net her ateofr eactionbet weenaqueousgl ucosesoluti
on
and
acidif
iedpot as sium manganat e( VII)atdi f
fer entt emperatur
es .
Procedur e
Place1 cm3 ofs ol uti
onYi ntoaconi calfl
as k.Us i
nga1 00cm3 meas ur
ingcylinderadd
25cm3 ofs olut ionZt ot heconi calflaskcont aini
ngs ol
uti
onY.War mt hemi xt
ureto
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
74
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
about70oC.Stopwar mingandal l
owt hemi xturetocool.Whent het emper atur
ei s
ex
act
ly
65oCadd7. 5cm3 ofsol
uti
onXands t
artthes topwatchi mmedi ately.Sti
rt hemixture
withathermomet erandmeas ur
ethet i
met akenforthecol ouroft hemi xtureto
changefrom pur
pl et
ocolour l
ess.Recordthet imeint able2bel owal sor ecordthe
temperatur
eatwhi chthemi xtur
et ur
nscolour les
s.Cleant heconi calfl
askandr epeat
theprocedureatt emperatureof60oC,55oC50oC
and45oCi nseadof65oC.
t

(a)Cal
cul
ate1/t
ime andcompl etethetabl
e
Table2 (
6mks
)
Temper aturebeforemi x
ing 65 60 55 50 45
o
(C)
Temper aturewhens oluti
on
o
becomescol our
less(C)
Timei ns econds
1 -
1
/
tme(
i s )

(b)Pl otagr aphof1/ t

ime(y-axis)agai ns tt het emper atur eatt hepoi ntwhent hes olution
becomes
Col our l
es s
(c)From yourgr aph,det erminet het i
met hatt her eact i
onwoul dt akeifthe
temper atureat
whi cht he s olut ionbecomescol our l
es si s52. 5oC
(d)F rom yourgr aph,det erminet her at eofr eact i
oni fthet emper atureatwhi cht he
soluti
on
becomescol our lessis47oC
(e)Expl aint hes hapeofyourgr aph
3. Youar epr ovi dedwi t hmi xtureK.Youar er equi r edt oper formt estsont hemi xt urei n
ordert o
deter mi nei tscompos iti
on.Recor dyourobs er vat ionsandi nferencesi nt heirs paces
provided: -
(a)Placeas pat ulaofKonawhi tet i
leandobs er vei tsappear ance: -
(b)Pl acet her emai ni ngpor ti
onofKi naboi lingt ubeandadd1 0cm3 ofdi s ti
ll
edwat er
.
Shakevi gor ous ly,fil
terandr et ainbot ht her es i
dueandf i
lt
rat e
(i
)Di videt hef il
trat einto3por ti
ons .Tot hef i
r stpor ti
ons odium hydr oxidedr op-
wiseunt ilexces s
(i
i)Di poneendofamet all
ics pat ulai n2M HClandheati ti naBuns enbur nerf l
ame
f
oraf ew
secondsandal l
owi ttocool .Scoopal ittl
eoft hes oluti
onf r
om thes econd
porti
onwi t
ht he
heat edendoft hes patulaandpl acei tast hehot t
es tpar toft henon-
l
umi nousf l
ame.
(i
ii)Tot het hirdpor t
ionadd3- 4dr opsofdi lut eHNO3(aq)f ollowedby3- 4dr opsof
BaCl2(aq)
(c)Scr apt her es iduef r
om t hefil
terpaperandpl aceahal fofi tinacl eandr yt es ttube.
3
Addabout3cm of2M HNO3.Tes tforanygaspr oducedbyus eofcal cium
hydrox ide
solut i
on onagl assr od.Pr eser vet hes ol ut i
onf orus ei npr ocedur e( d)bel ow: -
3
(d)Addabout3cm ofdi s t
il
ledwat ert ot hes olut ionobt ainedi n(c)aboveands hake
tomi x.
Dividet hes olut i
oni nto3por tions
(
i)Tot hef irstpor ti
on,adds odi um hydr oxi dedr op- wiseunt i
linexces s
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
75
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
(i
i)Tothesecondport
ion,addammonias ol
uti
ondrop-
wis
euntili
nexces
s
(
ii
i)Tothethir
dporti
on,add2-3dropsofpotass
ium i
odi
desol
uti
on

KAKAMEGA NORTHDI
STRI
CT

CONFI
DENTIAL
I
NSTUVTIONS.
Youareprovi
dedwi th:
- 25cm3 of0. 2M Copper(II
)sulphat
es ol
uti
on
- 0.5gofmet alA
- 0.5gofmet alB
- Onet hermomet erof-1
0t o110oCrange
3
- Two1 00cm pl ast
icbeakers
Youarerequi
redtodet erminethemol arenthal
pychangef
ormet
alAandBand
arr
angethem i
nor derofr eacti
vit
y

Procedur e
1
. a)Us i
ngt het hermomet erprovided,taketheinit
ialtemper atureofcopper(I
I)sul
phate
sol
uti
on
andr ecordyourr esultsi
nt abl
eAbel ow
b)Addal lthe0. 5gofmet alAi ntocopper(II
)sulphatesolution;st
irthemixt
ureforabout
5minutes .
Us i
ngat hermomet erandr ecordt hefi
naltemperature( highes
ttemperatur
e)intable
Abelow:
TABLEA;
I
niti
altemper atur
eofCUSO4(aq)( C)
Fi
naltemper atureofCUSO4(aq)( C)
o
Temper atur
echangeT( C)

Questi
on2;
2. a)Us ingat hermomet ert
akei nit
ialt
emperat
ureofanot
her25cm3fr
eshsampl
eof
copper
(II
)
sulphat
es ol
uti
oninthepl as
ticbeak
erandrecordyourr
esul
tsi
ntabl
eBbelow;
TABLEB;
Init
ialtemper atur
eofCUSO4(aq)( C)
Finaltemper atureofCUSO4(aq)(C)
Temper at
urechangeT( c)

a) i
)Stateandexpl ainwhet hert hereacti
onsabovebet weenmetalsAandB
withcopper( II
)s ulphateareendot hermi
corexot her
mic
i
i)Calculatethemol esofcopperi onspr es n25cm3 of0.
enti 2M copper(I
I)
s
ulphat
e
s
ol uti
on
b) i
)Cal culatetheent halpychanget hatoccurswhen25cm3 ofcopper(II
)
s
olut
ion
r
eactswit hmet alA.( Specif
icheat–capacit
yoft hesol
ution=4.2Jg-1K-1,
Dens i
tyofthes olution=1 g/cm3
i
i)Determi nethemol arent hal
pychangef orthereacti
onofcopper(II
)sulphat e
s
oluti
onwi t
h met alA

c)i
)Explai
nthesi
gnif
icanceofusi
ngpowder
edmetal
sAandBi
nthi
sexper
iment
i
i)Recor
dthecol
ouroft hepowder
edmetal
sAandB

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
76
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
d)St ateandexpl ainmaj orobs ervat ionsmadewhenmet alAreact swit
hcopper( I
I)
sulphat es olution
e)i)Det ermi net hemol arent halpychangef orther eactionofmet alBwith25cm3of
0.2M copper
(I
I)s ulphates oluti
on( C=4. 2Jg-1K-1,Dens i
t yofs ol
ution=1 g/cm3,RAM ofmetalB=65)
ii)Arrangemet alsAandBi nor derofr eactivitybeginningwi t
ht hemor er
eactiveone.
Givea
reas onf oryourans wer
Question2
Youar epr ovi dedwi th;
- Sol ut i
onC,0. 1M hydr ochlor icaci d
- Sol ut i
onD,MOH(aq)s ol uti
onofunknownconcent rati
on
- Phenol pht halenei ndicator
Youar er equir edt os tandar di
zes olutionDus i
ngs ol uti
onCandt odet er
minetheval
ueofM
i
nt hef ormulaMOH(aq)
Procedur e
1
. a)Pi pet te25cm3 ofs ol
utionDi ntot heconi calf l
ask.Us i
ngadr opper
,add2dr ops
ofphenol pht halenei ndicat ort os ol
utionD
b)F i
llthebur ettewi thsol uti
onCandcor rectt othe“ O”mar k
c)Titrat es olutionCagai ns ts oluti
onD

2. Repeatpr ocedur e1
(a)
,(b)and( c)t
wiceandr
ecor
dyourr
esul
tsi
nat
abl
eofr
esul
ts
bel
ow;
Tableofr
esul
ts
Exper i
ment I I
I II
I
Finalvolumeofs oluti
onC
(cm3)
Init
ialvolumeofs olut
ionC
3
(cm )
Volumeofs ol
uti
onCus ed
3
(cm )

a)Volumeofpi pet t
eus ed___________________________cm3
b)Calculatetheaver agevolumeofs oluti
onCus edi nthisexperiment
c)Calculatethenumberofmol esofs oluti
onCus edint hisexperi
ment
d)Givent hatsoluti
onCi shydrochlori
caci dwhi l
es ol
utionDi sMOH( thebase)
,
i)Wr i
teachemi calequati
ontos howt her eacti
onofs ol
uti
onCwi t
hD
ii
)Wr itetheionicequat i
onforther eacti
onofs oluti
onCwi thDi nd( i
)above
i
ii
)F r
om t hereactionequati
onwr itt
eni nd(i)above,det erminethemol esofsol
uti
on
Dt
hat
reactedwi t
hs olut
ionC
e) i )Det erminet hemolari
tyofs ol
utionD( i.
e.MOH(aq))us edinthisexperi
ment

i
i)Giventhat6016gofsol
idMOH(s)weredis
sol
vedindist
il
ledwat
erandmadeto1
l
itr
e,calcul
ate
therel
ati
vemolecul
armas sofMOH(s)
ii
i)Fr
om yourans
weri ne(ii
)above,det
erminet
hevalueofM i
nthefor
mula
MOH
Questi
on3.
Youarepr ovi
dedwi t
hsoli
dE.Carryoutthefol
lowi
ngtest
sons ol
idEsoastotryandfi
nd
outtheionspresentinsol
idE

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
77
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
Compl
etet
het ablebelowt os howyourobs ervati
onandi nf
erence(
concl
usi
ons)
Exper i
ment Obser
vat
ion I
nfer
ence
a)Obs erves ol
idEandr ecordyourf i
ndings
b)Di ssolves ol
idEi nabout¾ ofdi st
il
led
wat erina
boil
ingt ubeanddi videthes oluti
oni nto5
por ti
onsi n 5t esttubes
i)Topor ti
on1addNaOH(aq)dr opwi seto
ex cess
ii)Topor tion2addNH3(aq)dr opwi set oexces s
iii
)Topor ti
on3addaf ewdr opsofBa( NO3) 2
followed byf ewdr opsofdi luteHNO3( aq)
iv)Topor ti
on4addl ead( I
I)Nitratedr opwi s e
followed bydi l
.HNO3(aq)
v)Topor tion5di pal oopedni chromewi r
et o
itandputt hewi r
ei nt heBuns enf lame

BUTEREDI
STRI
CT
CONFI
DENTIAL
I
NSTRUCTIONS
Eachst
udentshoul
dbepr ovidedwi th:
1.1 00cm3 ofsol utionM2
3
2.80cm ofsol ut i
onM1
3.50cm3 ofsol utionM3
4.Pi pette( 25ml )
5.Bur et
te( 50ml s)
6.Met hylOr angei ndicatorwi t
hadropper
7.Twoconi calfl
asks
8.F il
terf unnel
9.Measur ingcyl i
nder( 1
0ml s)
10.Measur ingcyl i
nder( 50ml s)
0
11.Ther momet er( -10t o11
0 c)
12.100ml spl asti
cbeaker
13.3t estt ubesi nat esttuber ack
14.1Boi l
ingt ube
15.SolidW.( Onespat ulaful
l)

Accesst o:
1. 2M NaOH( aq)wit
hadr opper
2.2M NH3 ( aq)wi t
hadr opper
3.1 M BaCl2 wi t
hadr opper
4.2M HNO3 wi thadropper
5.Di sti
ll
edwat erinawashbot tl
e

Not
e:
1. Sol
uti
onM1i sprepar
edbymi xi
ng53gofSodium Carbonat
eand42gofSodi
um
Chl
ori
desolidanddissol
vedtomakeonelit
resoluti
on.
2.M2 is1M Hydrochl
ori
caci
d.
3.M3 is1M Sodi
um Hydroxi
de.
4.SolidW isAlumini
um Nit
rat
e

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
78
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

1
. Youareprovidedwiththef
oll
owings ol
uti
ons:
-
-M1cont
aining95gofami xt
ureofs odi
um carbonateandsodi
um chl
ori
deperl
it
reof
s
olut
ion.
-M2 whi
chis1 M HCL.
Youaretodet er
minethepercentageofsodi
um chlori
deinthemi
xture.

Proceedasf ol lows :
3
Pipette25cm ofM1andt i
tratewi t
hM2 f rom bur et teus i
ng3–4dr opsofmet hyl
orange
indicator.St opt i
trat i
ngwhenaper manentpi nkcol ourappear s.Repeattheexper i
ment
and
compl et ethet abl ebel ow.
TABLE1
I II I
II
Finalbur et t
er eadi ng( cm3)
Init
ialbur etter eadi ng( cm3)
VolumeofM2 us ed( cm3)
a)Det er minet heaver agevol umeofM2 us ed.Showyourwor kings.
b)Det ermi net henumberofmol esofM2 us ed.
c)Wr i
tedownani onicequat i
onf ort hes ubs tancest hatreact .
d)Det ermi net henumberofmol esoft hebas eus ed.
e)Cal culatet hec oncent rati
onofs odi um car bonat e.
f)Det ermi net hemas sofs odium car bonat ei n1li
tr eoft hes olution.
(Na=23,C=1 2,O=1 6)
g)Det ermi net heper cent ageofs odium c hl orideint hemixtur e.
2. Youar epr ovi dedwi t
ht hef oll
owi ngs olutions :-
-1M HCls olut ionM2
-1M NaOHs olutionM3
Youar eexpect edt odet erminet hemol arheatofneut rali
zationofhydr ochlor
icacid.
Proceedasf ol lows :
Meas ur e23cm3 ofM2 andputi na1 00mlbeaker .Meas ureitst emperatureandr ecor
d
inthe
tablebel owunderf i
rs tcol umn.Byus eofameas ur ingcylindermeas ure5cm3 ofM3
andtoM2 i n
thebeaker .St i
rwi tht het her momet erandr ecordt hef i
nals teadyt emperatur
e.
Continueaddi ng
5cm3 atat i
meandr ecor dingt het emper atur eti
ll35cm3 hasbeenadded,compl ete
thetable
below.
a)TABLEI I
VolumeofM2 added( cm3) 0 5 1 0 1
5 20 25 30 35
0
Temper ature(c)

b)Plotagr aphoft emperature(verti

calaxi
s)agai nstvol
umeofNaOHadded.
c)From yourgr aphdetermine:-
(i
)Volumeof1 M NaOHneededt oneutral
ize23cm3 of1 M HCl
(ii
)Riseint emper at
ure∆T.
d)Calcul
atet heamountofheatevol vedintheabover eact
ion.Takes
peci
fi
cheat
capaci
tyof
soluti
ont obe4. 2.J/g/k,densi
tyofs ol
ution.1g/cm3.
F
orMor eE- Res ourcesCal l0705525657 179
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
e)Calcul
atet henumberofmol esofHClused.
f)Hencedet ermi net heMol arheatofneutr
ali
zationofhydrochlori
cacid.
3. Youar egivens oli
dW.Car ryoutthetestsbel
owandans weraccor di
ngly.
3
a)Takeas patulaendf ulofW andputi naboili
ngt ube.Addabout8cm ofwat erand
shake.
Keepthemi xturef ort hetestsbel
ow.
3
b)Toabout2cm ofs oluti
onofW adds odium hydroxi
de( 2M NaOH)dr opwi setil
lin
excess
.
c)Toabout2cm3 ofs oluti
onW,addAmmoni as olut
ion(2M NH2aq)dr
opwi setil
lin
excess
.
d)Toabout2cm3 ofs oluti
onW,addabout5dr opsofNitr
icacid(HNO3(aq))fol
lowed
by2dr ops
ofBar
ium chl oride.

CONF
IDENTI
AL
REQUI
REMENTS
I
naddit
iontot heequi
pment
,apparat
usandchemicalf
oundi
nthechemi
str
y
l
abor
atory,eachcandi
dat
ewillr
equir
ethefol
lowi
ng:

 SolutionP:about1 00cm3
 SolutionQ:about50cm3
 SolutionR:about1 00cm3
 Distil
ledwat er
 100mlmeasur ingcyl i
nder
 Onef i
lt
erfunnel
3
 One25cm pi pet te
 Acl ampandst and
 Aphenol phaleini ndi cator
 3coni calfl
asks
 Whi tetil
e
 SolutionF:about30cm3of1 .
0M sodi um hydroxidesoluti
on
 A1 0mlmeasur ingcyl inder
 A1 00mlpl ast i
cbeaker
 Meansofl abeLl ing
o
 A1 10Ct her momet er
 SolidD,0. 5gZi ncSul phat ecryst als
 Met all
icspatul a
 1boi l
ingtube
 5cl eandr yt estt ubes
 Testt ubehol der
 Benchsol ut i
onssuppl iedwi thdr opper s
 Dilutenitr
icaci dsol ution,2
 2M sodi um hydr oxidesol uti
on
 2M aqueousammoni asol uti
on
 0.5M Bar i
um ni tratesol ution
 0.5M Lead( i
i)Ni tr
at esol uti
on
NOTES
(a)(i
)Sol uti
onPi spr epar edbydi ssolving1 7.2cm3 ofconcent
rat
edhydrochl
ori
caci
din
3
about250cm ofdi stil
ledwat erandaddi ngwatertomake1 l
itr
eofsol
uti
on
(
ii
)Sol uti
onQ i spr epar edbydi ssolving64gofsodi um hydroxi
depell
etsinabout
F orMor eE- Res our cesCal l0705525657 180
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
250cm3
ofdist
il
ledwat
erandmaki
ngitto1lit
reofsol
uti
on
(
ii
i)Sol
uti
onRi sprepar
edbydissol
ving1 75cm3 ofconcent
3. r
atedsul
phur
icaci
din
about
250cm ofdi
sti
ll
edwat
erandmaki ngitto1
li
treofsolut
ion

(
b)SolidDi s0.5gofZi ncSulphat ecryst
als
1
. Youar eprovidedwi th:
-Soluti
onP,0. 2M hydrochlor i
cacid
-Soluti
onQ,s odi
um hydroxi des ol
uti
on
-Soluti
onR,cont aining49g/ Litr
eofadi basi
caci
d,H2A
Youar erequiredto:
Dil
utes ol
uti
onQwi thdisti
lledwat er
Standardi
zet hedil
ut edsolutionQwi thsolut
ionP
Determinether el
ativeformul amas sofA

Procedur e1:
Pipette25cm3 ofQi ntoacl eandr y250mlvol umetr
icfl
ask.Measure175cm3 ofdi
sti
ll
ed
wat er
usinga1 00cm3 meas uringcyl inderandaddi tt
os ol
uti
onQ int heflask.Shakewel l
.
Label
thisass ol
uti
onSandkeepi tf orfurt
hertestsinprocedureIandII.Pipette25cm3 of
soluti
onS
i
ntoacl eandryconi calfl
as k
.Add2t o3dr opsofPhenolpht
hal
einindicatorandti
tr
ate
with
solut
ionP.r ecordyourr esultsint hetableIbelow.Repeatthepr oceduret oobtai
n
accurate
results.
TableI
Titr
at i
onnumber I 2 3
3
Finalburettereading( cm )
I
ni t
ialburett
er eading( cm3)
Volumeofs ol
utionPus ed
(cm3)

(
a)Determi
netheaver
agevol
umeofsol
uti
onRus ed
(
b)(i
)Findthemol
esofsol
uti
onPusedtoreactwih25cm3 oft
t hedi
lut
eds
olut
ion
S.
(i
i)Fi
ndt hemolesofs oluti
onSi n25cm3 ofthedil
utedsol
uti
on.
(
ii
i)Determinethenumberofmol esofsodium hydroxi
decontainedi
nthe
3
100cm ofs ol
uti
onS
(
c) Us i
ngyourresult
si nb( ii
)abovedeterminetheconcentr
ationinmolesper
l
itr
eoft heori
ginals odi
um hydr
oxides ol
uti
onQ

Pr
ocedur
eII
Pi
pet
te25cm3 oft
hes
tandar
dizeds
olut
ionSi
ntoacl
ean,dr
yconi
calf
las
k.Empt
y
your
bur
ett
ecompl
etel
yofs
olut
ionPandr
ins
eitwi
ths
omewat
er.Now,f
il
lyourbur
ett
e
wi
th
sol
uti
onRandt itr
atewit
hs ol
uti
onSi nt
heconicalfl
askcont
aini
ng2to3dropsof
Phenolpht
hal
einindi
cat
or.
Recordyourresul
tsint
ableIIbel
ow.Repeatt
hepr ocedur
etoobtai
naccur
ate
r
esul
ts.
ForMor eE- ResourcesCall0705525657 1
81
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

TableII
Titrati
onnumber I 2 3
3
Finalburet ter eadi ng(cm )
Init
ialbur ett
er eadi ng(c m3)
Volumeofs olutionRus ed
(cm3)
(d)Det ermi net heaver agevol umeofs ol
uti
onRus ed
…………………………………………………………………………………
(
e)Det ermi net henumberofmol esofSodium hydroxidein25cm3 ofsol
uti
onSand
hencet hemol esofs ol ut
ionRus ed
(
f)Findthenumberofmol esofRcont ai
nedinonel itr
eofs olut
ion
(
g)Gi vent hatH=1 .
0:
(i)Fi
ndt her elativefor mulamas softhedibasi
caci dH2A
(ii
)Det er minet her el
ativef or
mulamas sofAi nthef ormulaH2A

2. Youarepr ovi
dedwi t
h:
1.
0M Sodi um hydroxi
des oluti
onF
0.6M solutionofacidlabell
edG
Youarer equi r
edt odeterminethemol
arheatofneut
ral
izat
ionofSodi
um hydr
oxi
de
withacidG

Procedure:
(
a)Pl acesixt
estt
ubesonat
estr
ack.Us
i 0cm3 meas
nga1 uri
ngcyl
indermeas
ure
m3
5c
port
ionsofs oluti
onGandpl acet hem ineachoft het ubes.
3
Meas ure25.0cm ofs ol
utionFus i
ngameas uri
ngcyl i
nderandpl aceitintoa100cm3
beaker.
Meas urethet emper atur
eoft hiss oluti
onFt othenear es t0.5oCandr ecordintableII
I.
Pourt hef i
rstpor ti
onoft he5cm3 ofs ol
utionG f rom t het estt ubeintothebeaker
contai
ning
25.0cm3 ofsolutionF .Sti
rt hemi xt urecarefullyandr ecor dthehi ghesttemperatureof
t hemi xt
urei nt ableII
I.
Pourt hes econdpor t
ionofs olutionGi mmedi atelyint
ot hemi xtureinthebeaker .Sti
r
carefull
yandr ecordt hehighes tt emper at
ureoft hi
smi xturei nt ableII
I.Conti
nuet hi
s
procedur eusingt her emainingpor ti
onsofs oluti
onGt ocompl et
et ableIII
.
TableII
I
VolumeofGadded 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
(cm3)
VolumeofF( cm3) 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
o
Temper at
ure( C)

(
b)Ont hegr i
dpr ovi
ded,pl otagraphoftemperat
ure( vert
icalaxi
s)versusvol
ume
ofs oluti
onG added
(
c)F rom t hegr aph,determine:
(i)Thevol umeofs oluti
onGr equiredt
oreactwit
ht he25cm3 ofsodium
hydr
oxi
de
sol
utionF
(i
i)Thehi ghesttemper aturechange
(
d)Cal culatetheheatchangef orthereact
ion
(Heatchange=Mas sxt emperatur
echangex4.2jg-1oC.As sumedens i
tyofeach

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
82
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
soluti
ont obe1gcm-3)
(e)Calculat
et hevol
umeofs odi
um hydroxi
desol
uti
onF ,used
(
f)Calculat
et hemolarheatofneut
ral
izat
ionofs
odium hydroxi
des
olut
ionF

3 Youar epr ovidedwi t

hs ubstanceD,whichcont ai
nstwocationsandoneani on.
Carryoutt het es tbelowont hesubstance.Enteryourobservat
ionsinthet abl
e
bel
ow.
Wri
t eyourobs ervati
onsandi nf
erencesint hespacesProvided
(a)Pl aceas patul aendf ul
lofDi naboi l
ingtube.Addabout5cm3 ofdisti
lledwat er
ands hake.
Dividether es ult
antmi xtur
eint
o4por t
ions
i)Tothef irs
tpor tion,addNi tri
caci
dfollowedbyBar ium ni
trat
es ol
uti
on.
i
i)Tot hesecondpor t
ion,addNitr
icacid,fol
lowedbyl ead(II
)Nitr
atesolution
iii
)Tot hethirdpor ti
on,addaf ewdropsofs odium Hydroxi
des ol
uti
onuntilinexces s
iv)Tot hefour t
hpor ti
on,addaqueousammoni adropwiseti
llinexcesssolution

TRANSMARADI
STRI
CT
CONFI
DENTIAL
I
NSTRUCTIONS
Eachcandi
dat
eshoul
dhave:

 80cm3ofsol uti
onT
3
 100cm ofsol ut
ionS
 Exactly1.5gofsol idV
3
 250cm beaker( gl
ass)
 1label
 1pipet t
e
 1bur ett
e
 100cm3 measur i
ngcyl i
nder
 1.
2g
 120cm3 pl ast
icbeaker
 Ast opcl ock/watch
 About1 .0gofsol i
dJ
 1boilingt ube
 1met all
icspat ul
a
 1glassr od
 5t esttubes
 1fil
terpaper

Accesst
o:
 Phenolphthalei
n
 2m lead(II
)ni t
rate
 0.05M sodi um thiosul
phat
e
 Dist
ill
edwat er
 20%vol umehydr ogenperoxide
 Sourceofheat(Bunsenbur ner
)

Not
es:
1
. 20%20vol
umeperoxi
dei
spr
epar
edbydi
lut
ing20cm3of20vhydr
ogen
per
oxi
de
t 00cm3
omake1
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
83
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
2.sol
utionTis1 .
0hydr ochlor
icacidandismadebydi ssol
uton86cm3 of35-
i 37%
hydrochl
ori
caci ddil
utedt o1l
itr
eofsolut
ion
3.sol
utionSis0. 5m sodium hydroxi
de
4.sol
idVi sexactly1.
5gofsodi um car
bonate(anhydr
ous)
5.sol
idJi spotassium i
odide
6.sol
idM is1.
2gmagnesi um powder
7.sol
utionKis0. 02m copper( I
I)sul
phat
e

1
. Youar eprovi
dedwi t
ht hefoll
owi ng:
 1.0M Hydrochl
ori
caci d;soluti
onT.
 0. 5M sodi
um hydroxide;soluti
onS
 Anhydr oussodi
um car bonateofunknownmass:s
oli
dV.
Youarerequiredtodeterminet hemas sofsodi
um.Car
bonatethatwasus
edi
nthe
exper
iment.

Procedur e
Meas ure 60cm3 por ti
on of1 m hydr ochlori
c acid using a meas uri
ng cylinderand
t
rans
fer
i
tt o100cm3 beaker .Addal lsodium carbonate( sol
idV)t otheacidint hebeakerand
sti
rgent ly.Leavet hemi xturef or3mi nutesunt i
lther
ei snoef f
ervescencet r
ansfer
themi xturei ntoacl ean1 00mlmeas uringcyl i
nderandadddi st
il
ledwat ertomake
100cm3oft hes olution.Tr ansferallt
hes ol
utioninto250cm3 beakerands hake
well,labelt hi
ss olutionW.
Fil
lthebur ettewi ths oluti
onS.
3
Pipette 25. 0cm ofs oluti
on W and t ransfert o a conicalfl
ask.Add 2- 3 drops of
phenol phthaleini ndicatorandt i
tr
atewi ths olut
ionS.Recor dsyourr esul
tsi ntabl
eI
below.
Repeatt het i
trationt ogett womor econcor dantvalues.

Tabl
eI
Exper
iment I I
I
I
II
F
inalbur
ett
ereadi cm3)
ng(
i
nit
ialbur
ett
ereadi
ng(
cm3)
Vol
umeofs
olut
ionsSus
ed

Transf
erthemixt
urei
ntoacl ean1
00ml-meas
uri
ngcyli
nderandadddi
sti
ll
edwat
ert
o
3
make100cm ofthes ol
uti
on.
(
a)Determinet
heaveragevolumeofsol
uti
onSused.

(
b).Cal
cul
atet
henumberofmol
esofs
odi
um hydr
oxi
de(
sol
uti
onS)us
ed.

(c).Fi
ndt henumberofmol esofhydrochl
or i
caci din25cm3 ofsoluti
onW.
(d).Determinet henumberofmolesofhydr ochlori
cacidin100cm3
(e).Calculat
et henumberofmolesofhydr ochlori
cacidintheoriginal60cm3 of
s
olut
ion.
(f)
.Calculatethenumberofmolesofhydr ochloricaci
dthatreactedwi t
hs odi
um
car bonate.
(g).Determinet hemassofsodi
um carbonatet hatreact
edwi t
ht heacid.(Na=23,C=
1
2,0=16) .
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
84
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com

2. Youar eprovi
dedwi ththef ol
lowing.
(i
).1.
2gMagnes ium powder ,soli
dM
(i
i).0.02M copper(ii)sul
phat e,soluti
onK
Youar erequir
edt odet erminet hemolarenthalpyofdisplacementf orthe
reaction
between
magnes i
um powderandcopper( I
I)s
ulphatesolut
ion.
Procedur e
Meas ureout1 00cm3 ofsoluti
onKi ntoaplasti
cbeaker .
Meas urethet emperatureoft hissoluti
onatever yminuteforfourmi nutes.Addt he
entir
eamountofs olidM tot hecont entsoftheplasti
cbeakeratt hefourthmi nut
e.Sti
r
witht hethermomet er.Recordt het emperat
ureaftereveryhalf-a-minutei ntableII
below.

Tabl
eII

Ti
me 0 ½ 1 1½ 2 21/
6 3 3 4 4 5 5½ 6 6½
(
min) ½ ½
o
Temp.
( C)

o
(
a).Dr
awt
hegr
aphoft
emper
atur
e( C)agai
nstt
ime,t(
inmi
nut
es))Us
eyourgr
aph
t
o
gett
he t
emper
atur
eri
se.

(
b).Cal
culat
etheheatlostbythesol
uti
on
(
Specif
icheatcapaci
tyofsol
uti
on=4.2Jg-1K-I,dens
. ityofs
olut
ion=1
g/cm3)
(c)
.Wr it
eani oni
cequati
onforther
eacti
on.

(
d).Calcul
atet
henumberofmol
esof:
(i
).Copper(i
i)i
onsi
ntheor
igi
nals
olut
ion.

(i
i)
.Magnes i
um addedtothecopper(
ii
)sulphat
es ol
uti
on
(i
ii
).Copper(I
I)i
onsdispl
acedbymagnesium powder.
(Mg=24,Cu=63. 5,S=32,O=1 6)
(
e).Cal
culat
et hemolarheatofdi
spl
acementofcopper(I
I)ionsbymagnes
ium powder
.

(
f)
.Commentont hevalueoft
hemol
arheati
fionpowderhadbeenus
edi
nst
ead
magnesi
um
powder.Expl
ain.

(a).(i
)Youar epr ovidedwi thsoli
dJ.
(i
i).Tot hefiltr
ateabove,di pacl eanmet al
li
cspatulaandburnadropoft he
f
il
tr
ate
onitwithanon- l
uminousflame.
(i
ii
).Di vi
dethef i
lt
rateintotwoequalpopul ati
ons.
s
t
I.Tot he1 port
ionadd2m l ead( i
i)nitr
ate.
II.Tot hes econdpor ti
onadd3- 5dr opsof20% 20–Vol umehydrogen
peroxide
(i
v).Tot heresulti
ngmi xt
urein(i
i)abov e,addabout1 cm3ofs
odium t
hiosul
phate
sol uti
onQ.F rom thetestscarr
iedoutabovei denti
fy.

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
85
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
(
i)
.Cati
on
(
ii
).Ani
on

TRANSNZOI
AWESTDI
STRI
CT

CONF
IDENTI
AL

I
NSTRUCTI
ONS

ACCESSTO
 1M NaOH
 1M NH4OH
 1M HCL
 0. 01m PB( NO3)2
 Sour ceofheat
 PHchar t(PH=1t o14)
 10mlofs oluti
onK
 Sodi um hydr ogencarbonat
e
Quest
ion1.
1. Soluti
onJ1 00cm3
2.Bur ette
3.Sol uti
onK1 00cm3
4.Pipet t
e
5.2coni calflasks
6.F i
lterfunnel
7.Ret ortstand

PREPARATI
ONOFSOLUTIONS
1
.Sol
uti
onJ-Di
ssol
ve17gofammoni
um i
ron(
ii
)sul
phat
ein50cm3 of2M H2SO4 di
lut
e
3
t
o1dm
2.Sol
uti
onK-
KMnO4-Di
ssol
ve1
.6gofpot
ass
ium manganat
evi
iin20cm3 of2MH2SO4 di
lut
eto
3
1
dm
3.Sol
uti
onR-Dis s
olve40gofs odi
um thi
osulphat
ein1dm3 ofs
olut
ion
3
4.Sol
uti
onS-Dis sol
ve172cm ofconcent
ratedhydrochl
ori
cacidin1dm3 ofs
olut
ion
5.Sol
idYisal
uminium sul
phat
e
6.Sol
idZisoxal
icacid.

1
. Youar eprovidedwi th:
 Sol ut
ionM1aqueouss ol
ut i
onofamonobas icacid,HBcont ai
ning1 .
62425,oft
he
3
aciddissolvei n250cm oft hes ol
uti
on
 0. 208M s odi um hydroxides oluti
on.
Youar erequi redt odetermi ne
a)Themol arityoft heacid
b)TheRF M oft heacidandt heRAM ofBi nHB( H=1,C=12,O=16)
Procedure
Pipete25cm3ofs
t ol
uti
onM1i ntoacl eandryconicalfl
ask.Add2dr opsof
phenolphthaleini ndi
cators.F i
lltheburett
ewi t
hsolutionQandt itrateagai
nstsol
uti
on
M1
Repeatthepr ocedur etwomor etimesandcomplet ethetablebelow:
I
II
I II
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
86
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
Finalburett
er eadi cm3)
ng(
3
I
ni t
ialbur
ett
e( cm )
Volumeofs oluti
onQ us ed
(cm3)

a)Determinetheaver agevolumeofs ol
uti
onQused
b)Wr iteanequationforther eact
ionbet
weensol
uti
onM1andQ
c)Calculat
e:
i)Thenumberofmol esofQus ed
ii
)Thenumberofmol esofM1us ed
i
ii
)Themol ari
tyof s olut
ionM1
d)Det ermi
ne;
i)TheRF M ofaci
d
ii
)TheRAM ofel ementB

2. Youar eprovidedwi t
h:
 2 M hydrochlori
cacid,sol
uti
onM2
 Magnes ium ribbon.
Youar erequiredtodetermine;
i
)Ther ateoft hereacti
onbetweenHydr ochl
ori
cacidandmagnesi
um
i
i)Themas sof2cm ofmagnes ium r
ibbon
ProcedureII
Usingacleanmeas uri
ngcyli
nder,measure60cm3 of2M hydr
ochl
ori
caci
d,s
olut
ionM2
and
pl
acei
tint
oacl
eanconi
calf
las
k.Cuta2cm pi
eceofmagnes
ium r
ibbonpr
ovi
dedand
pl
ace
intot heconi calf l
as kcont aining2M hydr ochloricacidandi mmedi at
elys t
artthes lop-
watch.
Meas ureandr ecor dt het imet akenfort hemagnes ium r
ibbont ocompl et
elyreactwi th
the
hydr ochloricaci di nt ableI Ibelow.Repeatt hepr ocedureus ing50,40,30and
20cm3por ti
ons
of2M hydr ochl or i
c aci d adding dist
illed wat erand compl etethet ablebelow:
a)Tabl eII
Exper i
ence 1 2 3 4 5
Volume of2M HCl 60 50 40 30 20
Volumeofdi stil
ledwat er 0 10 20 30 40
added
Time t aken f ort he ribbon to
disappear (sec)
-1
1/ti
me( sec )
b)
Plotagraphof½ agai ns tvol umeof2M hydr ochl or
icaci dused
c)F rom yourgr aphdet erminet hetimet akenf orther i
bbont odisappearwhen36cm3
of2M
hydr ochl
or i
caci d wer e us ed
d)I nt ermsofr ateofr eaction,explai
nt hes hapeofyourgr aph
3. Youar epr ovidedwi ths ol
ids.Youar er equiredt ocarryoutt hetestsshownbel ow
andwrite
yourobs ervationsandi nferenceinthes pacespr ovi
ded.I denti
fyanygas esgi ven
out.
a)Pl aceas mal lamountofs oli
dSi nadr ytesttubeandheats t
rongly
F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
87
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
b)Placea s patulaend-fullofSinaboi l
ingtube.Addabout5cm3ofdist
ill
edwat er
andshake.
Divi
det heresultantmixt
ureinto4por ti
ons
i
)t othe fi
rstportion,addnitri
c aci
df ol
lowed byBari
um ni
trat
es ol
ut i
on
ii)Tothes econdpor t
ion,addnitr
icacidfoll
owedbylead(I
I)nit
rat
es ol
ution.
Warmthemi xt
ure
iii
)Tot hefort
hpor ti
on,addaqueousammoni adropwiseunti
lexcess

3. b)You ar eprovided withsoli

dF .Carr
y outthetexts bel
ow.Wr i
teyourobs ervati
ons
and
inferencesinthes paceprovided.
Di s
s olveas patul
afullofsol
idFi nabout4cm3ofdisti
ll
edwateranddi vi
dei tint
o
thr
eepar
ts.
i)To2cm3 ofs olut
ion,add5dr opsofbr
omi newater
ii)Tot hes econdpor t
ionaddas pat
ulaf
ullofsodi
um hydrogencarbonate

SOTI
KDI
STRI
CT
CONF
IDENTIAL
1
. Youarepr
ovideswi th;
 SolutionM ( HCl)
 SolutionN( 0. 1
M NaOH)
 SolutionPpr epar
edbydi s
sol
ving1
4. dm3 ofNa2CO3.xH2O.
3g/
 Phenol phthaleini
nidi
cat
or
 Met hylorangei ndi
cator

Youar er equi r
edt o:
(a)Standar dize HCls ol
utionM
(b)Det ermi netheval ueofXi nNa2CO3. XH2O
ProcedureI
Fi
llt hebur ettewi thHCls olutionM.pi pete25cm3 ofNaOHs
t olut
ionNint
oaconical
f
las
k.
Add2dr opsofphenol phthaleinindicatorandt
itr
ateunti
lyouobtai
napermanent
colourchange.Recor dyourr esul
tsi ntabl
eIbelow.Repeatt
hetitr
ati
ont
womor e
ti
mesandcompl et ethet able.
Table1
Titr
at i
on 1 2 3
Finalburet t
er eading
(cm3)
I
ni t
ialburetter eading
3
(cm )
Vol.ofs oluti
onM us ed
3
(cm )

(
i)Whati st heaveragevolumeofs olut
ionM us ed
(ii
)Cal culatethenumberofs oluti
onNus ed
(
iii
)Wr itet heequationforther eacti
ont hatt
ookpl ace
(
iv)Calculat ethenumberofmol esofs ol
uti
onM int heti
trevol
ume
(
v)F indtheconcent rat
ionofs ol
utionM inmol esperlit
re
(vi)Calculat etheconcentrati
onofs oluti
onM i ngramsperlit
re
ProcedureII
F
illthebur et t
ewi t
hHCLs olut
ionM.pi pette25cm3ofs ol
uti
onPi nt
oaconi
calf
las
k.

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
88
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
Add2dr opsofmet hylorangei
ndicat
orandtit
rat
eagai
nsts
olut
ionM.r
epeatt
he
t
it
rat
ion
twomor eti
mesandcompl et
ethet abl
e.
Tabl
eII
Titr
ation 1 2 3
Finalburett
er eading
I
ni t
ialburet
ter eading
Vol.ofs ol
uti
onM us ed
(cm3)

(
a)Whati stheaveragevolumeofs oluti
onM used?
(
b)Calcul
at et
hemol esofHCli nthetitr
evolumeofs ol
uti
onM
(
c)Writetheequati
onf orthereacti
ont hatt
ookpl ace
(
d)Calcul
at et
hemol esofs ol
uti
onPus ed
(
e)Fi
ndt heconcentrati
onofNa2CO3.XCH2Oi nsoluti
onPi nmolesperl
it
re
(f
)Statetheconcentrati
onofNa2CO3. XH2Oi
ns oluti
onPi ngrammesperlit
re
(g)F
indt heR.FM ofNa2CO3.
. XH2O
(
h)Theval ueofXinNa2CO3. XH2O

2. Youar
epr ovi
dedwi t
h;
-1.
0M pot
assium i
odide
-1.
0M l
ead( I
I)ni
tr
ate

Youar
erequi
redtousethetwot
odet
ermi
net
hehei
ghtofpr
eci
pit
ateandt
hevol
ume
ofPb(
NO3)
2 sol
uti
onused.

Procedur e
 Takes i
xt est-
tubesofequalvol umeandl abelthem 1 t
o4
3
 Run5cm of1 .0M Potassi
um iodides ol
utionf r
om abur etteintoeachoneof
them.
 Add1 0cm3of1
. .0M Lead(II
)nitratesolutiontot het est
-tubel abel
ed1ands t
irthe
mixturewel lwithaglassrod.
 Addabout5dr opsofethanoltot hemi xture,stirandpl aceitintest-
tuberack.
3 3 3 3 3
 Add1 .
5cm ,2. 0cm ,2.5cm ,3.0cm and3. 5cm oft he1 .0M lead(I
I)ni
trat
eto
thetest-
tubesl abeled2,3,4,5and6r espectively.

 Addabout5dropsofethanoltoeachtes
t-t
ube,sti
randal
lowtosett
le
 Measur
etheheightoftheprecipi
tat
eineachtubein(mm)andrecor
dt he
measur
ementsinthetablebelow:

Tes tt
ubenumber 1 2 3 4 5 6
Volumeof1Ml ead(II
) 1 .
0 1.
5 2.0 2.5 3.
0 3.
5
3
nitr
ate(cm )
Heightofpreci
pit
ate
(mm)
(a)Plotagr aphoftheheightsoft
hepr eci
pit
ateagainstt
hevol
umeofl
ead(I
I)ni
tr
ate
soluti
on added
(
b)Cal cul
atethe;
(
i)Numberofmol esofKIin5cm3 of1.
0MKIsoluti
on

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
89
 i
sabokemi
cah@gmai
l.
com
(
ii
)Numberofmol
esofPb(
NO3)
2sol
uti
onwhi
chr
eact
edcompl
etel
ywi
t 0cm3
h5.
of1
.0M KI
(
c)Howmanymol esofKIwouldr eactwithonemoleoflead(II
)ni
tr
ate?
(
d)Wr i
teabalancedchemicalequat i
onsorthereact
ionbetweenl
ead(II
)ni
tr
ateand
potas
sium iodide
(
e)Givetheionicequati
onforther eacti
ons
(
f)Whatwast hepurposeofaddinget hanolt
othemixtur
e?

FORMORE
ERESOURCES

CALL
0705525657

F
orMor
eE-
Res
our
cesCal
l0705525657 1
90