This is to certify that this project report is my original work and has not been

presented for a degree award in any institution of secondary schools. Information

from other sources has been duly acknowledged.

George Muraya

Sign.............................. Date..............................

Daniel Ndegwa

Sign.............................. Date..............................

This project has been done under my supervision and report been submitted to the

Kenya science and engineering fair with my approval as their patron.

Mr Kaula

Sign............................... Date...............................

DEDICATION

This project is dedicated to the school for moral and financial support they offered

onto us and also to those who have shown great faith in us throughout our project

like our patron Mr. Kaula, Mr. Mutua and Mr. wangi.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I acknowledge the massive input by our Patrons, Mr. Kaula, for the useful

comments and suggestions which have led to the improvement of this project and

for the guidance and moral support that he granted unto us during the development

of this project.
ABSTRACT

As the world population increases, there is consequent increase in energy use. The

rapid depletion of fossil fuel resources on a worldwide basis has necessitated an

urgent search for alternative energy sources to cater to the present day demands.

Alternative energy resources such as solar and wind have attracted energy sectors

to generate power on a large scale .It is also the progression of creating electric

power of bases of primary energy. This project is to improve on how to support the

country by producing electrical energy to act as a supplementary for the electricity

based industries such as KPLC. It also helps in the reduction of pollution in our

environment today. Its’ purpose is to reduce the increasing the cost of

energy/electricity since the use of exhaustible nature of fossils such as petrol is

expensive. This project can be adopted for new establishments in order to reduce

the costs and conserve energy.

KENYA SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING FAIR 2020

FORUM 58thEDITION
PRESENTERS
NAME ADM. NO. CLASS
JOHN KURIA 9315 4 BLUE
CLINTON MWANGI 9762 3 YELLOW

PROJECT TITLE: LOWERING HYPERTENTION USING HIBISCUS

FLOWER
CATEGORY: FOOD TECHNOLOGY
SCHOOL: KOELEL HIGH SCHOOL
SUB COUNTY: GILGIL
COUNTY: NAKURU
VENUE:
DATE:
DECLARATION
This is to confirm that the project is our own original work prepared under the supervision of our patrons
and mentors and has never been presented for competition.

NAME ADM. NO CLASS

JOHN KURIA 9315 4 BLUE
CLINTON MWANGI 9762 3 YELLOW

PATRON: MR LEORNARD KIPNG’ENO

SIGN: DATE:
ASST. PATRON: MR BETT S.K
SIGN: DATE:
THE PRINCIPAL
KOELEL HIGH SCHOOL
MR PHILEMON OBENGE
SIGN: DATE:
KSEF PLAGIARISM DECLARATION FORM

CATEGORY………………………………………………………….

TITTLE……………………………………………………………………………………

REGION/COUNTY/SUB-COUNTY/ZONE……………………………………………

KSEF places specific emphasis on integrity and ethical behavior with regard to the
preparation of all written work to be submitted for Science fairs as per its rules and regulations.
Although science personnel will provide you with information regarding reference
techniques as well as ways to avoid plagiarism, you also have a responsibility to fulfill in this
regard. You are guilty of plagiarism when you extract information from a book, article or web
page without acknowledging the source and pretend that it is your own work. In truth, you are
stealing someone else’s property. This doesn’t only apply to cases where you quote verbatim, but
also when you present someone else’s work in a somewhat amended format (paraphrase), or
even when you use someone else’s deliberation without the necessary acknowledgement. You
are not allowed to use another student’s previous work. You are furthermore not allowed to let
anyone copy or use your work with the intention of presenting it as his/her own.
Students who are guilty of plagiarism will be disqualified. In addition, the matter will be
referred to SRC for a decision to be made.

Declaration
1. I understand what plagiarism entails and am aware of the KSEF’s policy in this regard.
2. I declare that this project is my own, original work. Where someone else’s work
was used (whether from a printed source, the internet or any other source) due acknowledgement
was given and reference was made according to KSEF requirements.
3. I did not make use of another student’s previous work and submitted it as my own.
4. I did not allow and will not allow anyone to copy my work with the intention of presenting it
as his or her own work.

1. Name…………………………….Signature ……………………. …Date………………

2. Name……………………………..Signature ………………………..Date…………….
ABSTRACT:
The project’s main aim is to fight and aid in the treating of hypertension by lowering its effects, which
has been a burning issue in the country. This conditionis faced by many in thecountry,the disadvantaged
beingthe ones who cannot incur the high treatment charges and therefore we sat down and saw it being so
helpful if we may come up with a way forward. We came up with a project whose main aim was to
provide a simple alternative to lower hypertension using the hibiscus flower extract which would even
favour the low fancially abled people. Historically folk medicine has used hibiscus sabdariffa for
treatment of high blood pressure, liver diseases and fevers. In Iran, it is a traditional treatment of high
blood pressure which is the focus of several studies, as is cholesterol reduction. Hibiscus has been used
historically for high blood pressure and contains several important ingredients including alkaloids,
anthocyanins and quercetin. It is thought that the antioxidant and diuretic effects of hibiscus are its most
important mechanism in lowering blood pressure.

Dry 15 hibiscus flower petals under shade for 48 hours followed by sun drying for one hour. Boil one litre
of distilled water and add the dry hibiscus flower petals to the boiled water. Stir for five minutes then
allow the mixture to cool for one hour followed by addition of the blended beetroot juice. Add squeezed
lemon to the mixture and stir for two minutes. Filter the solution in order to remove the traces of flower
petals and beetroots. The extract is ready for use.

A student was given the extract and before taking the extract the student’s blood pressure was at
160/90mmHg.

While after taking the prescription of the extract, the blood pressure lowered up to 120/80mmHg. This
indicated that the blood pressure was lowered down by the use of hibiscus extract or tea.

We concluded that hibiscus sabdariffa is a simple biological component of the environment that contains
several important ingredients including alkaloids, anthocynins and quarcetin.The antioxidant and duretic
effects of hibiscus are its most important mechanisms in lowering blood pressure, thus very vital in the
treatment of hypertension.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to recommend the following;

1. God for helping us throughout the development of our project up to now. We don’t take His grace for
granted and we thank Him so much for His goodness.

2. Our science patron Mr. Bett, Mr. Kipng’eno, Mr.Jovine, Mr Kinyua for their support in our projects
success.

3.Principal Koelel High School for provision of funds to support this project.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cover page ……………………………………………….i

Declaration………………………………………………..ii

Plagiarism form…………………………………………..iii

Abstract…………………………………………………..iv

Acknowledgement………………………………………..v

Table of contents…………………………………………vi

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Back ground information…………………………….1

1.2 Focus question………………………………………..1

1.3 Statement of problem…………………………………2

1.4 Objectives…………………………………………….2

1.5 Relevance/Significance……………………………….2

1.6 Assumptions/Precautions…………………………….3

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Related research………………………………………4

2.2 Scientific concept principles used……………………5

2.3 Importance of the search…………………………….5

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY

3.1 Materials/apparatus………………………………….6

3.2 Procedures…………………………………………...6

3.3 Observations…………………………………………7

3.4 Data collected………………………………………..7

3.5 Variables…………………………………………….8
CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS AND INTEPRETATION

4.1 Results………………………………………………9

4.2 Presentation of results [graphs]………………………10

4.3 Explanations …………………………………………10

4.4 Discussion of results………………………………….10

4.5 Limitations ……………………………………………11

4.6 Advantages and disadvantages ……………………….11

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 Conclusion…………………………………………….12

5.2 Recommendation ……………………………………..12

REFERENCES…………………………………………….13
Contents
1 CHAPTER

1: INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

Energy efficiency can be defined as a goal to reduce the amount of energy and cost required
to provide products and services. Sustainable development is development that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their
own needs. In this case, the goal is to produce power that would facilitate running of systems
without a compromise to future generations at a relatively low cost. More efficient modes of
generating energy must be developed to supplement other sources of energy which do not
pollute the environment or deplete resource. For example; solar, wind, tidal and hydro-
electric power. For this source of energy they are unstable since they keep on fluctuating
depending on the intensity.

electricity generation when he exposed it to light. In the 1860s a French mathematician,

August Mouchet proposed an idea for solar-powered steam engines. In the following two
decades, he and his assistant, Abel Pifre, constructed the first solar powered engines and
used them for a variety of applications. These engines became the predecessors of modern
parabolic dish collectors. In the early 1900s, Wilhelm Hallwachs discovered that a
combination of copper and cuprous oxide is photosensitive. Albert Einstein published his
paper on the photoelectric effect. William J. Bailley of the Carnegie Steel Company invents
a solar collector with copper coils and an insulated box. The existence of a barrier layer in
photovoltaic devices was noted. Robert Millikan provided experimental proof of the
photoelectric effect. Polish scientist Jan Czochralski developed a way to grow single-crystal
silicon. Audobert and Stora discover the photovoltaic effect in cadmium sulfide (CdS
1.1 Problem Statement
To conceptualize and design an energy center that will contribute towards an energy
efficient and sustainable environment.

OBJECTIVES
The main objective is;
This is to ensure that the primary cost used in electricity bills are reduced and that
everyone can afford electricity in their homes for day today life.

The specific objectives include

1. Efficiency Improvement: By capturing and reusing waste energy, the overall

efficiency of the energy generation process can be significantly improved. This
reduces the amount of primary energy needed to produce a given amount of
useful power.

2. Environmental Protection: Recycled energy can help reduce greenhouse gas

emissions and other pollutants by making use of energy that would otherwise be
waste
RELEVANCE/SIGNIFICANCE

Electricity is mostly used in our day to day lives such as cooking, running our electronic
devices like a television, computers and in hospitals to run life supporting machines.
The significance of this project is to provide adequate electricity to support systems that rely
on electric functioning and supplement the power requirement within the country by
facilitating user based supply to KPLC as individual power generating firms. This helps to
curb the blackout issues we have experienced over the recent past which led to loses worth
billions of money. To enhance a country to be able to generate enough energy so as to
encourage investors to invest in that particular country to enable to generate income to those
associated with the project.
 CHAPTER 2:
2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW
Introduction

This chapter will seek to describe and discuss the researches from various sources such as
textbooks, articles and the internet. It consists of information which is vital in the development of
this project. The history of power generation is long and convoluted, marked by myriad
technological milestones, conceptual and technical, from hundreds of contributors. Many
accounts begin power’s story at the demonstration of electric conduction by Englishman Stephen
Gray, which led to the 1740 invention of glass friction generators in Leyden, Germany. That
development is said to have inspired Benjamin Franklin’s famous experiments, as well as the
invention of the battery by Italy’s Alessandro Volta in 1800, Humphry Davy’s first effective “arc
lamp” in 1808, and in 1820, Hans Christian Oersted’s demonstration of the relationship between
electricity and magnetism. In 1820, in arguably the most pivotal contribution to modern power
systems, Michael Faraday and Joseph Henry invented a primitive electric motor, and in 1831,
documented that an electric current can be produced in a wire moving near a magnet—
demonstrating the principle of the generator.

Invention of the first rudimentary dynamo is credited to Frenchman Hippolyte Pixii in 1832.
Antonio Pacinotti improved it to provide continuous direct-current (DC) power by 1860. In
1867, Werner von Siemens, Charles Wheatstone, and S.A. Varley nearly simultaneously devised
the “self-exciting dynamo-electric generator.” Perhaps the most important improvement then
arrived in 1870, when a Belgian inventor, Zenobe Gramme, devised a dynamo that produced a
steady DC source well-suited to powering motors—a discovery that generated a burst of
enthusiasm about electricity’s potential to light and power the world.