| . - Casrbomyt Compounnts + | General formula = CyH4,,0 ‘Prepoyations : a From_altohols’ , ° 1 R-CH,- OH ——> Re \ e Aleehyrles aR, gents) coltin's veageort €-H R-cH-R’ aos \ te, —? [Raweae Pee 1, oxtclation. \ 2 Ketones Pde ] Dms0 catalyt ct Cu/saako dlehydrogens's wm From _cyamines § esievs: ©) Stephen's aldehyde syrthecis ° R-c=N —> R-E-H Snot /-Her Followed by HL? Reagent: | Mech: ° [Het H30* " R-cey md! S R-CH=NH Toe R-GcH eduction te 3 ptdehyde | Note: + Ketones oxe not preparer by Gtephen's Yeduction. 2. “This reduction cyanteles ove converted into alolehycles | only Ond mo effect om other groupd. | | ° nao § . on Hi COCHE snes [Heh oe , = f C= ae | | Gi] Contoltedt oxidation af, estero & “epnile: les Reagent: piBar— hychice. Scanned with CamScanner| Note: th Se een OrBAL-H ' R-ceu oO RH EOH 8 tt 1 OBA. 4 R- C-or! = gin “This Yeagent carmot effect group Uke cme, CHC ° BAL-H ‘ ey GAH, chiysreH= cH Ha OM Cramer 7 focus er _orpatiH e 4 on. @oroat-H 4 © NOH om ou 150) cH on Froma, qrignaral yeagens + my fh sith cypnaicler « Acttov tydhouanide aldehyde” By Rages Roo Hs Re fee Alkyl cyonte Ketones -H Mech! HO by Por 4 HSS OE bmn ee 6 0 =n 5 Re c= woMg@r > Ih Pregera rie c= 4 & o Acton 1 with 261 ae Sooewts ts R-e-H ‘ b Ruger +H At,0" is Gly Rug or + Locals To ReeR 5 ‘on ov 4 o> geen 2 | Mech 55 Bets anes 06H Scanned with CamScanner\ z les Rug by + BE oGHs “oy R= oc tts | Vilkalime Atycholysts of Gerndthalides i Action with acto chlorides on” Bee o q dh RMgBy + Hoteg 28% gt-u ty RMgBr + R-B-u 180", ptr! Mech > “9° Pager 9 Gy RMGGr + H-e-d —> R= Sa tec H iy Loe -ofig@r Q Ruger + Ro t-t — ee eaten? ute S Note: “RormalAchyde connot be prepared! from above.o methods . x iy ge cH ag, koH eee : Pepe . x w x a) , nV KOH Wy tg SE tr! Lo. | , x ‘ g 09: FOH cH, — cd, SS cHg- CH OQ, KOH Q Hy Cy FE ty Rosemund's veoluctow ! pial daa ° °o | R-E-w > Q-tcH Acid ehlovides, * Aldehys4 — Reagen PA ? BH ego Scanned with CamScannerOnly alelehyates ave prepared by his method by -the controlled veoluction of acicl chtorides using Unefhlay's catalyst Quinoline fs a catalystic poison anc prevents -furthey neclution of gidehyde 40 alcohol. Formal dehycles and Ketones cannot be prepored by this method ° €q: a | So c-ct | Pd- Bosoy cou IT 4 FD Reus COT 72) ketones an 7 prepared by ctmilay process by using the 9 To alkyl cadmium Ceca) ] aRMgGr + Calct, —3 Rcd + amg < & | @ aw R—-c-d a! 5 ° 4d ‘ >» R-t-R! | R= bua R ede Ketone : : ol uny-t-d (Pb), Cd Fror_sltstillation_of Calelum Salts of carboxylic aciels 0 e ‘ 2 Hy CPA | 4 & CH,CoO. Hi ——— 2? —c-H (CHyw00),ca. + Gte00), Co Tacate, cHy ° 8] (C4jCo0), co + (cH;000),C ——> acy C— cH ° th u ° RQ CHy-C-4 dh Scanned with CamScannerhy clis#lation Q —=-2 au @ aCstcoo), @ uéeu ’ i | “formally FF o z . HUH w Qi (EnyeH, 00) a+ CeHs- Coo), Cor etry cision CHa CH, \ ' + Gthyt methyt tetor, || Nobe : j of formalelehyd, This methoot £5-suitoble Jor “lhe preparation land Symmehicol fetones otherwise mixture of Lompe’ amed- nds 19 ox . Gh Wlacker's process: » Reagent Fdeli/ano Poel (Hr 0 CH= CH, 9 Clty CoH ; ° A CHa Ge CHS rae cy — day | . Ketone | Noles effiene gives aldehydes ancl remelting alkanes gives Ketowe i) Recluctive ovonelysts of alkents ecluctive . rondLysts 0 Of e a Reagent : poe Aldehydes [ketovus Os and +:/a, dust Alkenes ——] L_O> 5 pciply LO. °. ° CH=CH, OO oy fy @ analust /a,9 i 4 \ ton + n-t-H CHy-CH= CH, wt hy a ° u te Gig c = UH, Or cy eH tM H 20 /H,0 cH, K a. CHD o. 7 ot wig Scacn-tH, 2, Cyd Hy, + Hy— © 20/40 7 Hy Scanned with CamScanneron : ° ers Os > ee, 2, cry CTH S Oty F740 3 Or. ee Gy * OC =e e-u, pore 20/440 ty Hs oO From alkynes: lycrotion of Alkynes« He Pam Kuchevo's prowss] Reagents Ho “H,90y boy 1% gsdy eo-90c of. H, 50 ) AC=SCH haat cust 4 | 4 Aldehyde Mech: . aoe HCECH nate HS cH,= CH 2s CH): = fH cnet H rei Ve gt 1 ° ow . ° tay ony “41,90, ty i 8 Hy- tH - CECH stg ata bry : ° “14,90 > ° q | Cree “igh ore | 19, | | | Nats er \ St fotiows Marko Creep efhel yes reriabing gives Kefow a malt “Hythroboyation, of alleyrys Reagent: 9 oat, ma w leh le th of JOH H wueo aleleny | Teatminot alkynes 9! en RO Non derminas olkys (" H follow antiemorko wikoff 's Tule = Scanned with CamScanner° i He /THE a ®. SS Site THE CH CH We. OF 3 y tHe ray oie gi ear ats | “M0, JOH™ i Note: tu ~ ‘ f° roby Uvisymetteal mon-teminal alkynes qive™ Ye qt Ketones ~ 4 = CH. 5 Gale HE oy cy cee Qi cry, — Ca C~ CH Salle ct CHL ae penton hes / OH + : ° | ul CHy- CHa © ~ UH ,- Ht, 3-pentanont Reparation of ghowatie aldehycle CGenzaldehycte) : = Fom A methyl bentene Att nero, owed by eaction -- Reagent: y¢ro,u,/o.. Fo ne a "2D Guso)e/cvo, Joltowes . Cr0,de, (oJ boy 40 “Hot Bentotolehydle ey OOOH, 9 ~ ent 3 ~OcroHe, c-H & + Cr0,d, —> __ttyo", iS > From benayt chloride Row mund’s me ducton . -J Pd-Gasoy,’ +L Gytnoliae Benropchtortde Scanned with CamScanner- h I le toch, a > tol mech oy Lu s ac cu cho ho (ee (oy ae @) Gavemann koh veacton : Reagent: Co/-rick Inpresen of Cate, Genrent veacts wiht Coach tm prosaanhaho nids of Cuct o Anhyctious Atel, tO forme Henraldehycle e ©) Co tHe cy" Alcl, o cuct mech! - tech ap Als y-C=0 +t Alety "cC=0 +HU ¢lectvophile 20 7 e + Ht=0 —> ee Ct “ S be ay" Reparation of acetopherwne : * ee PR ?' i nAldy + epee fy pad, + Fecal Krag acy lation + — + Gea he ae gree” oO y+ oy ae, om compoure ; % From orgqnomactoul ° 8 z tt Cner (erty), Cali —> Coy by Scanned with CamScanneryo | Chemical propertis gf carbonyl compour.cls ¢ | Nucleophil’e addition reaction : | Carbonyt compound wnnergo muceophilic addition veaction) Anvolves hoo stepe: alecto Aefici, | stepO Atak of yucleopht Hic port of reagent on ‘ol frdermecliake C Alkowicle) | i Corbon to -forr. tetrahedr | This is slow ancl rate defereatning stp CR + Nucleophile — slow, Se $220: electrophilic part 4s added 40 olkoutae fox to Jom iF mol prootuck +06 ot eae BE, ey oN 7 Nw | Relative reactivity OF of corbowyt compound towards nucleo philic addition reaction, 7 : Ib aldehydes ¢ are yenttive thom Ketones because olagt qrours ow electron releasing - ‘compare to hydrogen 2.) Alolehydes fos quater partial. positive chovge om ts conor! 4 attack a mucleophile. Ss carbon olipthed to é t Bo Hast 3. Size of alkyt groupe cents 7 the reacHuthy Clecvedses_ ’ | Rats . Reacttotty ovcler: rly ger: 3 : 7 a ou . : Gy) yab-n >t cnem > cg Uy * tH Gag fay eit pin Ee Ha Hye 3 > > ory 3 “Oty cy day f —H q "| Oo or Hs S om: | Scanned with CamScanneras o c-H -H oe MN * $e mh , 3 &) a>1>3B>4 | Nucleophilic ¢ Substitution order L aygplde Aettewwoir Oreler_of yeactlurty* 8 oon -e- R-E-R > | i tot ehilovides > Ada anhydrides » R-E-H > D> R-Eeor' > R-E RRM >) Acti HA Hen + | Aion oh ne ee N° 7 atu + eect a os 4 he OH qyonohychine Meh: . “acl A+ WP tye OR OTST ST eat Chg, oH ee oH - y —e-tk Cay 6 Oty + HCN —4 ct ED | w -1 > Action otth, Grignard reagent s | CRMg Sr) a HO R (chy ea + RNG Br tO 5 ony -9'- | 5 Ma pany — ty ot 8; = UHR aye Hye Pmepbr ——> Ms cme, : ¢ 5 1, | Mech: ~ oH of a ss op | cH, teeny + Enger ay e-k a ay My oH onger 2 Pe 4 tow. Acton wih, ocetaly ate ant CHa C= CH 3 y chy ai C-H ty | * No./ tig, My Mech + . | 2 5 Oe ca Out BA cry c= Croat Ug, WH, Scanned with CamScanner ~7 ah e gue Hy = Cm t CHy-CEC > tH CH on cH3- CH CHc-ty, vith Retowes: ove 3 ces cy— cog c= = City + Cy chy on CHy — Gc 0F Hy a Nlucteophilic - aclltton- etiminaow,— © "> | Action with Hs? 4 cH, —o= O+ H,NH ho CH3- CH= N+] 2° imine acetaldehyde Mech: cds . = CH, = Sy c=0 + 4,0 — Deen cHy CHy Acton with iH,0H ee ciaieaiiaan: * styshonyl Arine GHy—E=0 4 -H,W-08 3 CH CHE OH 4 Alolowinu Hs C= OF HN-OH —> CH T= 0H Hy J CHy, Ketont nas. Action sth 10, Ma + Elly ebraaiuy 9° rf chore —? “Hlydvoromes 7o~ + HY 0 + HJO-H, —— (Hy CH= 0- OH, CH ~HLD “+ Luychazones Scanned with CamScannerDAH, —— CHT eI | 2 et : a, cs shette wrth Urea ° “ —< Wye = OH, f i 9 i 7 0 cure t wi1,-6 = OH, cH -NH, Corbartele Cornzone i 4 aye C=O + Hm GH, —>_ Oa CH -HOH, v1 1 Oly Os don woth Sem? covbazide g a NH nH ~ COA 9 4 -CH= po -fH— Co OH, n- youn, > CHS contd wor baat Carn Corbavont tHy-¢=o + Ma 1 =N-NH~o- OH, ” diy 0 4-H ot cH, Acton with phenyl Atydrorine: Ons G04 WN NH <0) > cay (HERON (0 Phenyl hydra rome H theng hydiatne tH C=O 4H, ye wn- So aS SNO -wH-€o) chs day wf ron, —2 C47 CHy Aciton with 24 ONE * (Brody ogee ule 10> CHa 6 O44 N- MN —Ca wo, 7 1 a.uedtativa phenyl Aydvartne \ 01 aupateneon-C oy No, Aiton wit Augenaatic: amine : Vega pig's palin of HSE B00 Saupe aldehydes pvowail ~ 7 orhiff's base Ketone + pring — Scanned with CamScanner~Aas f ee £a0 THB NTO) > oy F=N CO) chy das Schiff's base Nucleophilé adattion yeactiou ; Reaction with aloha * Ro Lmole, -tteriacetals Corbonyl group ROH aml, Accials Port, § C43 on “abl > or CH: = on uf Son -Hio HW oR semiateal Acetal (unstable) (stabi) Mech: CR < oH tone or! rye H + ROHT__s ces“ H OOF ous --H . 1 oF oR Semfoutal Aetol Same wath Ketone prem” Ketods Aci catalyse Hemiaceiat Joonatton: @ + oR eH C-H + 20H Hs Cia 7ec opt OH " . Hernfocekot meth; © Rotanaton . _ ° gh Aleakel 'P' is added te Cay Cat HP CH OH carbon ® Nucleophilic attack 1 co-4 . oH 4 a clepow: CHE HL —> ony 8 oo cH om H ri . “ H7 S08 Base colalysed Hemtawtal -formotton A &R! 2. OR CHa EH 4 ROH —— as ° " HL holy Hemi outot Scanned with CamScannero Mech! 65 o 9, uy IH 6 10 _L cor! ROHt, 2-0 Cig oH +RO —> Hy . —*> 4 Sor! ° Row “ oH , 0 ie CH, —cH—OR Qt Hye 3 Ny Roy Ho > Cty — CH OR oR aT cas, ° Rod a Beye =e “Ht Cry ¢ — OR Rob CH ae or. CHAE —0R cH Addition of thio cleshols ? > on of his aleshol Carbomyt compounels + Ro ——> Thio arelots . Thiol “ex? OH eon a ° cus dk CH tH Cis COR —_, > id : 4 HO SR -Hemi thioaatat Tho acetal o.. s™~ DAA + 2cHycH, SH > Su a i ne fol © CHL OH Acton with Ethyle Glytol , te eH eeu ee ba Corbont Ethyl . Complama* “ayes! ——> cyee ovetat ° cH o-cH H, P\ceo4 MO 2 7 HOWCHy H7 ~o H cyte acetal cH, OH dn OM . > ’ | Addition of thto ethylene Gbyeat < H,- SH 1 CHL + CHa OH Corbonyt 4, GES cette OT Compouncls” cr — 944 -thio acetals ° . p -o-tH cHy- tH OnE CH , HS-CH, H7 7S Scanned with CamScanner ~Mech + HS-tH, cy 8% CHy cng 4 CH Se "1 ne Hg-ch, TS 8 : sc a: cHy-C-o4, + HS 7 > Nod) 2 5 AdiotHfon af sodium bioulphhe « (Wecti60,), g Hol cry Notes Cris. 0% 7 So03H Mech: Acetatelehyde sodfum btsulphite osduc: NaHso, =! Nat + Hs08 tH oma cnt H# Heo —> ay.” Wet 3 SOSH He PH | . — frit i) | org 0H a 80, 0 | ONO w 4 OO. | ye wat 50, |g Sh eee oe = een | H Note: : x wha, a0 + wat Hts05~ } 60,00. ow it0 ' bt produ, - #5 so,rtio, | " fe OF 5 5057+ HO nthis case sulphur acts a3 nucleophile t ! ° u ROHSO », pes | 2 etrat, SS ety (@ etycre ° ems i Here we ave. 0 ofit rm | Ley, = trae oh 7 0 + 50,+t? \ CH He ‘4 ons ~S03n00- Scanned with CamScannerAddtiton, of 1,0: os carbonyl compounds +-4,0 tt, Gem oy tavbonit i MM pPOUNdA Unstable . OH t ay 3 -o- Sal ' ' 3 CHa OH + NO cH cH >" aty-U-H oH " Cuematet Mech: © Potanation @ 9 oH 7 cH CNH +h — > ay CH © Nucleophilre ottack 20H cue + ot © deprotomation oH oH gen Hg 7 cHy-E- > aye—oL wT — OooH 1 cnt + mW : qqerncittd Condlenstation Yeatton Alldlol_wn sensation — Tico moles Of aldehydes o1 ketone» hovtng atleast one action in the presma of bade 40 dam alpha hydroger wnclergo ve ho hyshog frydvoxy Kelonses - this reackon fs know -hydrony ale (oP e- “nas Aldol teaction- ° aA a acta AQOOOH, crys de

Y |Sopijaiony utomossehyse Mecht NooH == Wat + oH” Step-@: Formation of catbantow 2, 8 e i AGT eH OW ae CHT ene ” carbanion Stp-® + Nuceophile attack ee Scanned with CamScanner *si cHy-t- Ht + SkepOs styclrolysts fi a oH 8 - CHy- CH= cH,- 0-H + H,0 —> cts on ot + 0H Note’ ghy conanhaled alkali cha of, B unsolyy Tn presen. of hi - atte carbonyl product fs formed. 9 . fl Rory LOH fone: NaOH cerca sad EH ° Pp w, 6 undaturaled futanaldehy de ° . an te Ag, Wa0H & CH CH: — O— Ha, OOOH eager a ‘ _ AU I tha Go Oe ie . e-Gu, + cHg EE (Hs, CHy- CHa 9 5 Yo acy tH, © -H Aa: OagH ae e 7 tH, CHO ° é cHyr-e-H > CHS a é 2 8. cag CH EH + HS ty Marious basic veagents such a5 dil-na0H, K,C05, olkayn meta! oniole : : : Snes Wig the veacton not favourable yor Kefowus’ "+ SH fo posstble 40: Prepare dtautons alkanal 4 “responsible: 9% ytetol tn bolting occtou wtih, Solid barturalhychoutde. co SAllad. condensation ‘ouibbilg Abehoeen #09 tdentent oF diye Aldlehycles or ketoves and, one al dehyde or ome ketone Crossecl aldol anctensafion: different aldehydes faving a hydro Too moles Of undergo condengation in preserice of dilute base to form mnixlt of aldol proces “ ° 4 oH Dy t Ht aya eM (Hy CH tg CHO city yoo nol + Ropar on 5 ethanol Scanned with CamScannerOH uctina-w ON + Chg CH EH HO a Ots-cu,- tho, Ho cH Mech: Step-O! Formation of carbanion ° ef 2 eHy-PH—E-H + OH ——> CH HO -H,0 ut StpO@s Nucleophile attack or ° CHy-t- CH=CHO po C-H + 6 aay OKPD: “Hegdrotyis ee Gig en- HHO eHO cyt cHncHo chy chy can) SepQ? “Rrmation of carban iow, 7 a a, cHy fy +o OY -H.0 Siep-Oe Nucleophile attads fp sHp-O + “iydrelysis : on CHy- CHa Saye t-H BS enige cry bey EH SP both ave dtfferent cavoonet compounds Carbonyl qroup-1 corbonyt qroup-2 No-of produtts Aldehyde Atdehyde 4 (aw WD Aldeiyde Alniehyde 4 @- (No@-H) CCobonion) Caceplon) Aldehyde Ketone > 7 (a-H. (a-4) (Acceptor? (Corbomton) Scanned with CamScannerAldehy de Ketones oa. (wo w-H) Ca-Hn) Cacesptor) (Gorbowton) ketones, Ketovs x 2 Col (a-H> Note: " Ketones doesnot undergo self conclensation but ™ the presmer of Solid barium Veron possible for condensation g +7 GooH), Cy C- ay + CHy-C-0t, Mech: Formation Of corboniow 9 Gas oo wy ao, Sub, be —H.0 Nucleopht le attack ° Pane o- 4 cn SE —tHyt Gyre SC © FARE Ae. cits “Hychotys'd aproupio ¢ cag Hy Hy ! Hy - Q: on - saa ° 3 on en e 4 ug —tacr. Co] a CH OWS Ce) +) He mt 8 Coy gira E as On ‘Ca e HW @ Mote ate Coy trot £3) Scanned with CamScanner8 ; cHyce-H +t H-C-H os A o7 t Ty sonra a eM ong a aye, quot iO" ggg yaeone eet om teu oO cool! ot oF ° fy Ot @ cayon—ben arb a Loe Gd oH : cry & = CHO wort duro re o. 1 OE, eye : o: Bar oe $ @ Hy CH OH + au on Cus, . Scanned with CamScanner‘Sntramolecutay alolol veaction. Se eas coe O ° mech: 4 ory", Va “40 2 yy ce @ Ct. one, Ce & SAA er, o Ba (oH, 2 3 5 on Agnwnry + AnAy Lt t o ° oO . 3 Camnizarols reaction’. Two moles of aldehydes doesnot havin hyctrog hrogen underge self oxidation & reduction in presence of sheng ose “tO form at! Of carboxylic aciol anol alwhols. + is a disproportination veacton 8 yy one AGH © 1 ant +H-U-ona + cHyoH Salt of carbo Aloo. ype ante Mech: | Nao = Na’ + 0H" | Step O: addition of frigcronyt fon 10 Corbonyt qroup H- sf H+ OH —> arécw on “Mydrouy Alkoxide fon Slep-©! Transfer of hythide ton “oot +to ovothey aldehyd* o- ae ay H-b-H n-t-on + He =c- Ho H-U-0H+ \ Ghe Scanned with CamScannerSkp-@: Toton wansfey ae fee 2 ° Hy Hee-oH + HOCH cat YEG + H-t~ow u Sodium salt a of Carboylic Methanol octet Note: voomatte aldehydes, Jormalcehyde, Ti olkyt aldehyde, Heterocyclic aldehydes participate fn Kanizaro Teacton Cros sect Cannizoro's teactow : Two different aldehydes Moesnot having w- fiychogen undergo self oxiclation. & veduction im presen of Ghong boseto form salts of carborytic aciel and aluhols a Tutromolecutar commizard veacHon ¢ Dialdehydes or diketoaldehycles unclergo Ttutramolecutar corm 2om reackon give products oo git Cots EB, SOE PK ay Bo coo mo a 9 oo oe q boon eg Ft A Cg EH Ey oly “EH OM ° OH * oH OH oO Proton a oi wt = Coty HE = 0) Ke gts - CH = G-ONo vandfer © & -H 2 fey Cone. NgoHt o i q yo Lege seo ~ tore 2 BR et ; é Ceofh 7G)" ->@ oo: Scanned with CamScanner. a an on c-o8 “0 er ‘ee wl ”~ 8 oF 8 ol Pou a eG StL, Moore ENE | oH - 9°96 ! 9 te : re COOH “(4 4 . yed-€-0H > per ayer @ ac _ow, ! 1 oa COOH Scanned with CamScannerBouyer - vilingey_~eomangenrent : Ketones ——> Esters Reaginls: Roadie cHy- ¢-0-0-H CR o. o-o-H Mech: om 4 o gotlo-d-H” at R- C-0-0 - + on nO on R- dag ROP e Py tee Hy ed-d-o-b-R > pte * R b ahr é 7 ° oH a a Le RoE -oet eR -G- ORY omit “Ht Nole* For acyclic compounds He migration group “R must be deonclary, tevitiony (or) vvinylte. sn visymmehical Ketones the group migrates which ts ‘more 2? Teleasing. + | The migratory amplitude of alkyl groupe te the order to S>2'>f> Hy ' The migration. order of altigk aryl qroup ts P. antoyl > Petal > Phenigl > P- chloro phenyl > P-nihopheny? Suche case of alkyl angl Relones i tothe orgt group ori migra Texuipt in case of teritabry butyl qroup) ; assful isth ololenycter ie aliphatie altlehydes ‘the veaction §5 nok Sucti a he. walgration of -t- ato ave oxidised +0’ add to 4 6 & rete Hates, pl-o-n . Acick : But im otomatic aldehydes ave tonveried C6tey ‘becaus Of Onyl group oe wr Fay BAH, Loar” Ester Je matgvation Scanned with CamScannerTPP wun ! 4 i jy CACO H 1S lactones 2 p n . Bec, CFste, i CHE cH, FCO oy tots 3. Q ° 7 Hy ~ ayer, BOSH cy. L— 0-01 Uy ° yw uy ° CHa—cC— -¢cH " ty, € cH CAs Chto Cig C=O" CH=CH i as - -o- b= cH -ay | Lom) egg Pb cn, BS chs bog iy geo my cuy- Ee at, —RO2M, cyt o- bch, o She . ' 131 20 + , , 9 __ batt 2 satires fa 2 i by Scanned with CamScannerFoworski Yearvangement 2 ol haloketones ——> Esters Reagent: Roe | | 5 Alkowtele: oe ° 0 ° ~ boa» BF , | Hy C- XS City cry 2 -0R Mech? a °° : ° * o,f Vigo teu Zuo -O, ea vip ttte ; : ' = ROH M, 5 ~ 7 2 CH Ho oR ) # * ‘0 Si" eb" | ° - Sr - ° Cott, — TH. Eat RO Cyt CHT OH E OR ~ ° a eo uw i eqtts0 _ oR CHs — GH ateury SEBS) Cte CHa Ha & ° a e a bo, 2 oR cvs go x oO TES 7 7 ° a Fon @ poe wat ef oa A Reclucion Yeactow’ © Clemenson reduction i In-Hg {Hol ‘ © wolf - kiohmer eductt ow NH, NH, {ou 2nctt i + we } Now ao ots J 7 on" Clemension veduetions« | Recluction of carbonyl groups of ketones and al into methylene qroup im presence Of Pati Mlk / j Thig reduction to useful especially Jor ketoner containing, Iphenolic or Corbouytle aclds which remain unefected bo “The compound containing tho group jor, covbouyl group , 6° love reduced J cle hyde Scanned with CamScannerSS | \ Ketones ave vecluiedl move than aldehydes. The vedluction Jails acto Sensitive anol igh niluclay + riees The «,p unsaturated Rertones unolergo wecluction and corboxylfe actels “pplication. — oO Recluctiow. 4 aliphatic anal vxized aromatic carbonyl compound, ot Subst, of both lofi Q: city CHD — 2-H ae cats (CHa) = Hs ; yin 3 2n-ttg | coyote Hy, a Bune an, aay.” & eres os eyoetretys Te | | Applitation : -© : |¢ Recluctfon of ogee ketones ‘ 2 oh or i oS 2 ' a Scanned with CamScannerApplicaton t os : | Land p ketoacidls are mot reduc ° cH, — € cH Cont eng Cig, CCH» "= OH - Is ee ae _imetty No veaction. OP CHy— CH CHa ~ nn Hot 9 Pon Feu cn. C—O COM 20-419, pho reaction | Bis 1 “MeL ; pplication. — @: Reduction of phenolic. covboneyl compounds. | 7 Ce eup ‘Od elie ge edtath Phang 9 & oy a4, . aytte ron’ plow (0 Ch “rood - Het. a oy Application -O -O: Recluction of carbouyl aeepaenel volt mifiry group | 90. om. otto Q@: COE a, a | Her . | a nO: Reduction volt ving contvattion. | 2n-49 is xn Wel Mech: Os ° > iu ang oF on oS oe A Fa | ' pie ) ‘ { | Morales eu ' ° Scanned with CamScanner ~‘Appltcertion <8: WV | Reduction vod Ang expansion C pgs a < 7 Hs Cy. GHe- ot Ott Wlolf- kishner, reaction: : Reduction Of carbonyt compounds of ketones ond aldehyde fnto methylene tn presences of Witty /OH™ His applica ble +0 reduce’ Atgh moleuttor wetght: dubstones St snot applicable to a, B- vosaturad corbonyt compounds. Sometimes tts tokes places etimtaation. also. Cdehydrohalogen ati" ee seu, Gar a“ oS _t Baty or Me oa o-He, a can win OF or g fost Oy Oe }e@ Siar 4 cH UL" BY 1 Un ON T : f de oH | ' basco, Qui on we au —keto Molesteral cholesterol Scanned with CamScannerTest for carbonyl compounds ¢- ' YY 1 Tollen'g test ¢ i f Reagent: Aqno,t NH a oot t PRECHH Tt AgNO, NH, > R-C-ONM, + Aq + HO " Silvey emivroy 2. Fehling fest t Reggent: Lasdyt Sociium potascium davtovate. ° 8 ge fen + cucomn, “NAOH ——" e-b-owa + U9 4 4,0 Ped ype 4 Those reagents ove dxtetoed only “alcehydes but not ketones * This two Yeagents are used, M"sepovaton of aldehydes ond ketones 3 Benedlict tot Reagent: Cusoyt Cie fon : : eon r eefenn + C480, NOMS R-E-OH + GHD LO oy 4 Get ved ryt This reagent wed to test for altphatte aldehydes but not tor oor atte. calclehydles, Ketones. Beneciet ond fehling ave weak owoltsmig)agest schiff's, 4254 4, - . Feagent: Favors Avittne ja? store pink colour But ketones donot prestore pink colo HE'S Pik wolour may be oldehyde _ Tetore = « 4 Aldehydes Te pink colouy >, Kelowe tampoundl is mot reotored Haloforet test * , Reagunt: 4 / Naoii” for Naox Ge a6 ale The covbonyl group tonlaiing * atleast ot amet hil wep Ran tarbonyt carbon odom are ontdised by godturo Hypohal! ae ond carboxylic ado hoving owt carbon Usd dahon thot of compound: Scanned with CamScannerff The ‘methyl qroup is converted 40 to faloform Ceuxs) This ouldation cfonot effect C=C Sf present te the smote - Socloform seattiont witht soclium fypotodide ts alse wed In the deteckon of erty B-, ctytH = group x Vatoform cot doesnot’ ‘ioed Jor Separator. of aldehy tones das Monte 7 ° e Ce ten = cre ale OH > crust Hoe“ OND ise Naot mech’ as 4 noo —> Naot Oro ryt, Chyposhi y Fah Dev ‘ dle 3° tig ewe Noo > edly boi 28 edge nebo oy ° ° a i 4, HO, eur .s ayant Beary ur Eos hgh, CH eit a, CHT s+ Oy 4 9 a -atag- ee ty, eo cupetet-t bn cry 8, CHIT HS OF By HES > aos has cH, e+ bor 2 3S Qe OR Mao's gina fl cay. SEP crore yO Bt cage Ear, MOOS eB Eos eo CHOryt Oty e beget be * ou vice Naoz: » Ot cyt - an Hy Serge = Ot wo , cy CCH, Ot L ue CATs + Hg Loom e— CHIy+ engencl of , “Selevietptdatton, of ketones ba enn Legihebes ov yo 0 rein wn Aquo solutiow. Of axetone “eaten with freshly prepared sodie" antho_prostde 4 tooo": “to. -forr ime xed Solution. |, tuhtch om tong otancling wine ted changes to yellow colovr: ‘Sndigo test * Ketows veacted with :O- nitro Preise +o we blue colovy solution, , on > 1Blup colour dolutfon re: at \ Scanned with CamScanner @