STEM 11 – ORAL COMMUNICATION
SPEECH CONTEXT
Intrapersonal communication
- communication you have with
yourself, either spoken, written,
or thought.
- can be anything from solving a
complex problem in your mind.
 Thinking form
- Includes thinking as well as
dreaming, both daydreaming and
the dreaming we do when we are
asleep.
 - When you think about
something, whether it is what to
have for dinner or a complex
mathematical problem
 Vocal Form
- talk to yourself out loud.
- reoccurring reasons for this is to
repeat or otherwise rehearse a
message.
 Written Form
- writing you do with yourself as
the only intended reader.
-could for instance be a personal
journal or diary, but could just as
well be a shopping list,
reminders, or notes.
Interpersonal Communication
- face-to-face exchange of
thoughts, ideas, feelings, and
emotions between two or more
people.
- involve the ability to
communicate and build
relationships with others.
People Skills
tend to incorporate both your innate
personality traits and how you’ve learned
to handle certain social situations.
KINDS OF INTREPERSONAL
COMMUNICATION
1. Dyad
most basic kind of interpersonal
communication by which two
person mutually share
information, ideas or even
arguments.
2. Small Group
refers to interactions among
three or more people who are
connected through a common
purpose, mutual influence, and a
shared identity.
Dyadic Communication
- takes place when two persons
are engaged in a conversation.
Examples: A dialogue in a drama,
an Internet chat, and a
telephone.
Small Communication
- involves a small number of
individuals.
Example, three to ten, is considered a
small-group communication.
Public Communication
- involves a single speaker, who in
relatively formal tone and
manner, presents a continuous,
uninterrupted, informative,
persuasive, or entertaining
discourse of supposedly interest
to a sizeable number of other
persons.
Mass Communication (Mass Media)
- involves a very big number of
people because it is far-reaching.
- uses channels of communication
Examples: radio, television, etc.
 SPEECH STYLES
Speech Style
- variation of speech which is used
when people communicate with
others.
- Each person has different style
when they speak depending on
their situation.
- important part in communication
for different goals and different
topics, even though they
communicate with the same
language.
TYPES OF SPEECH STYLE
Frozen
• This style of communication rarely or
never changes. It is “frozen” in time and
content.
Example: The Pledge of Allegiance, the
Lord’s Prayer, the Preamble of the
Constitution, the Alma Mater, a
bibliographic reference, laws
Casual
• This is an informal language used by
peers and friends.
• Slang, vulgarities, and colloquialism are
normal.
• This is “group language.”
• One must be a member to engage in
this register.
• characterized by formulaic expressions
• Examples: buddies, chats and emails,
blogs, letters to friends
Intimate
• This communication is private.
• It is reserved for close family members,
or intimate people.
Examples: husband and wife, boyfriend
and girlfriend, siblings, and parent &
children.

Formal (Deliberative Speech)

• This language is used in formal settings
and is one-way in nature.
• This use of language usually follows a
commonly accepted format.
• language used in important situations
• It is usually impersonal and formal.
Examples: sermons, rhetorical
statements and questions, speeches,
pronouncements made by judges,
announcements

Consultative
• It is formal and societal expectations
accompany the users of this speech.
• It is a professional discourse.
Examples: communication between a
superior and a subordinate, doctor and
patient, lawyer and client, lawyer and
judge, teacher and student, counsellor,
and client.
 SPEECH ACT
Speech Act
- are acts of communication. To
communicate is to express a
certain attitude and the type of
speech act being performed
corresponds to the type of
attitude being expressed.
- When anyone engages in a
speech, they carry out three
types of acts. These all types of
utterances can be further
classified as speech acts.
3 TYPES OF SPEECH ACT
Locutionary Acts (Utterance)
- The act of saying
- What the speaker intends to say
 Literal Locutionary
speaker means what is said.
Example:” Smoking is Dangerous
to your health”
 Non-literal Locutionary
speaker does not mean what is
said.
Example:” Smoking is
glamorous”
Illocutionary Act (Intention)
- An act of doing something
- What the speaker intends to do
 Explicit Illocutionary
State the intention of the speaker
Example: I’m denying that I stole
the missing ring
 Non-explicit Illocutionary
didn’t state the intention of the
speaker.
Example: I did not steal the
missing ring.
 Direct Illocutionary
delivered in their sentence types.
Example: Please turn on the
lights
 Indirect Illocutionary
delivered in their declarative
sentence types.
Example: It is difficult to see
anything here. It is too dark.
Perlocutionary Acts (Response)
- Act of affecting someone
- The effect on the hearer of what
a speaker says.
Example: Thank You (Welcome),
I love you (I love you too)
 TYPES OF COMMUNICATION STRATEGY
Nomination
Just like in written communication,
conversation always starts with a topic.
The problem is how could it be started or
if there is already an existing
conversation, one should find ways on
how to join. One should start with one
and eventually conversation begins.
Both speakers should agree on the topic
they want to converse with.
Restriction
In every conversation, speakers come
up with limitations on the topic they are
discussing. This is called a restriction.
For example, if they will be talking about
PBA, they will stick to that topic. They
may stick to NBA, UAAP, or NCAA but
still it is about basketball.
Turn-taking.
In a conversation, speakers don't talk at
the same time because if that happens,
they will not understand each other.
Topic Control
The topic control limits the topic of a
conversation. For example, in a private
conversation between two students, their
topics may shift from their friends,
classmates and teachers. In some
instances, like a meeting, the topics to
be discussed are controlled by what is
stated in the agenda.
Topic Shifting
Sometimes it may be boring to discuss
the same topic for a very long time. The
speaker sometimes may feel his
listeners are not his listeners are not
interested to listen to him anymore, thus,
is the topic shifting. One may use
expressions like "Can we change the
topic from politics to culture?" or in an
open forum if a person gives offensive
remarks that may put the audience in
uncomfortable situation the moderator
may say, "Perhaps we can save that
topic for another seminar."
Repair
When a conversation does not run
smoothly, repair is needed. In situations
when a speaker forgot the words.
Termination
When conversation comes to an end, it
is called termination. The speakers
should agree to end their discussion.
Whether the conversation ends smoothly
or not, both parties should feel that the
discussion already ends.
 KINDS OF SPEECHES
Informative Speeches (Expository
Speeches)
- serve to inform.
classified into:
 Descriptive Speech
delivered by a speaker who tries
to let the audience experience
something through his speech.
 Reportorial Speech
delivered by a reporter.
 Explanatory Speech
serves to explain a process.
 Demonstrative Speech
serves to teach listeners how to
do something.
Persuasive Speeches
- serve to persuade.
Classifiied into:
 Convincing Speeches
let the listeners change their
beliefs or mindsets.
Example: a speaker who makes
the audience believe in the use of
contraceptives is doing a
convincing speech.
 Actuating Speeches
move the listeners into action.
Example: a speaker who makes
the audience buy contraceptive
pills or resort to vasectomy (for
males) and tubal ligation (for
females) is doing an actuating
speech.
Entertaining Speeches
- serve to amuse or entertain.
 Literary Speeches
Most are frozen because they are
simply excerpted from literary
pieces.
Example: the oration of Mark
Antony after the assassination of
Julius Caesar is a part of the
dramatic poetry of Julius Caesar.
 Non-Literary Speeches
whose primary function is to
entertain are written principally to
evoke laughter or to poke fun at
someone.
Examples: of these are after-
dinner speeches and stand-up
comic acts.
Goodwill Speeches
- serve to establish a good relationship
between the parties involved.
Examples: between suppliers and
customers. Welcome (salutatory)
speech, farewell (valedictory) speech.
Occasional Speeches
- delivered on special occasions. Among
these are matrimonial speech, funeral
speech, baptismal speech, and
house-warming speech.
Manuscript Speech (Read Speech)
- is delivered by a speaker who reads
the manuscript throughout the duration
of the speech.
Example: inspirational speeches of guest
speaker during commencement, etc.

Memorized Speech
- delivered by a speaker who has fully
mastered the contents of his speech.
- requires the greatest preparation in
terms of memorizing the lines or
wordings and of rehearsing the
movements, gestures, etc.
Example: dramatic monologues, pieces
for choric interpretation, declamatory,
etc.

Impromptu Speech
- derived from the Latin expression
"in promptu" meaning "in readiness,"
- delivered by a speaker who is given no
opportunity to prepare for the speech.
- delivered without any preparation.
Example: Contestants in local and
international beauty pageants,
specifically those who belong to the
semi-finalists and the finalists, etc.

Extemporaneous Speech
- delivered by a speaker who is given
little time for the preparation.
- speaker is given several minutes to
gather his thoughts, organize his ideas in
a coherent manner, and visualize his
speech in toto.
When the allotted preparation time has
elapsed, the speaker delivers his
speech. A speech with notes or one that
is delivered with the use of cue cards is
an example of an extemporaneous
speech.