CONTENTS

 Introduction
 Characteristics
 Objectives
 Procedure
 Importance
 Techniques
 Work measurement techniques chart
 Ergonomics
 Work standards and standardization
 Work simplification
Work
Measurement
WORK MEASUREMENT IS THE APPLICATION OF TECHNIQUES
DESIGNED TO ESTABLISH THE TIME FOR AN AVERAGE WORKER TO
CARRY OUT A SPECIFIED MANUFACTURING TASK AT A DEFINED
LEVEL OF PERFORMANCE. IT IS CONCERNED WITH THE LENGTH OF
TIME IT TAKES TO COMPLETE A WORK TASK ASSIGNED TO A
SPECIFIC JOB. IT IS CONCERNED WITH EVALUATION OF OUTPUT
WITH REFERENCES TO A STANDARD.
CHARACTERISTICS

Standardised

Comparable

Exact not Vague

Understandable
Objectives

 Establishing standard times for

completion of specific tasks
 Checking performance with
standards
 Measuring machine output
 Facilitating the introduction and
effective use of costing
 Providing fair basis for incentive
schemes
Procedure
 Identify and select all those activities that are to be timed.
 Care has to be taken while choosing an operator of average
ability.
 Clear cut definitions of the methods in use are to be made so that
no confusion arise.
 In order to measure the work, the unit should generally be timed.
 We should calculate a basic time for each work unit that is
measured, by making use of stop watch.
 Necessary relaxation allowances should be made for fatigue, rest,
variations between operations and so on.
 Finally, we should base the standard time on delay long average
time by calculating it on the basis of time taken to complete a task
by a competent operative, maintaining a set standard of quality
performance.
 Importance
 Helps in reduction of ineffective time
 Itsuggests rest intervals to the
operators so as to enhance their
efficiency
 Helpsin production planning and
control
 Helps in estimation of manpower
requirements and their proper
utilization
 Provides basis for wages and salary
administration
Techniques

Direct Indirect
Method Method

Time Study Synthetic Timings

Activity Sampling PMTS

Analytical Estimating
1. Time Study
TIME STUDY INVOLVES FIXING THE STANDARD TIME FOR DOING A
JOB UNDER GIVEN CONDITIONS. IT INVOLVES A CAREFUL
ANALYSIS AND OBSERVATION OF THE TIME REQUIRED TO DO A
GIVEN JOB.
 Objectives of Time Study
 To fix standard time required for an operation under normal
circumstances
 To use standard time data so as to fix a fair incentive wage plan
 To avoid abnormal idle time and delay in the execution of job
 To create time consciousness in the workers
 To control and reduce costs
 To set a fair hourly output standard for worker
 To improve working conditions
(i.) Stop watch time – it is used for
setting standards.
 Selection and description of the exact repetitive type operations
to be studied on the basis of the assumptions of a standard
method.
 Collecting the necessary items to be made use of, including a stop
watch, a clip board and observation sheets.
 Selection of the operator who is to be observed and obtaining the
co-operation of the concerned line supervisor.
 Identifying precisely the timing points and elements of the
operation.
 Determining the no. of cycles that are to be timed.
 Making the actual observations ad recording them on the
observation sheet, coupled with a simultaneous rating of the
performance of the particular worker.
 Computing the measure of central tendency that represents the
detailed time values in order to arrive at the ‘base time’.
 Calculating the normal time with the help of performance rating of
the worker observed.
 Calculating the standard time by providing for the necessary
allowances (like relaxation allowance for the possible fatigue, rest,
operational variations, unavoidable delays etc.).
(ii.) Performance
Rating
PERFORMANCE RATING IS DETERMINING THE RELATIVE SPEED AT WHICH
THE WORKERS WORK. RATING THE SPEED OF THE WORKER IS BASED ON
THE JUDGEMENT OF THE TIME STUDY ANALYST. TWO METHODS OF
RATING ARE :
(I.)WESTINGHOUSE RATING : IT CONSIDERS 4 FACTORS I.E., NAMELY
SKILL, EFFORT, WORKING CONDITION AND CONSISTENCY.
(II.) 100% RATING SYSTEM : THE OPERATOR IS SAID TO BE WORKING AT
100% PACE IF HE IS WORKING AT AN AVERAGE PACE.
(iii.) Allowances – workers are not machines
and cannot be expected to work continuously
through out the day without relaxation.

 Process Allowance
 Relaxation Allowance
 Contingency Allowance