climate of orissa

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FIG. 1 : PHYSICAL FEATURES OF ORISSA
RIVERS AND LAKES
CHILAKA
LAKE
PREFACE
The importance of meteorology and its socio-economic benefits is being

increasingly realized all over the world. Like in many other countries, in India as well,
various sectors such as agriculture, aviation, energy, industry, etc., do require
climatological information pertaining to various regions of the country. The typical
nature of climate of India characterized by diverse climatic patterns across the
country makes this requirement more crucial. The climatological information is
extensively used for planning and executing various projects, with a view to derive
maximum benefit from the climatological information. Keeping these requirements in
view, it was decided by India Meteorological Department to publish a series of
Climatological Summaries for all states of India. The twelfth issue in the series of
“State Climatological Summaries” is the “Climate of Orissa”.
The present publication contains extensive information on rainfall in Orissa

state as a whole and in various districts of the state, based on the available rainfall
data for the period 1901-1990. The climatological data in respect of temperature,
wind, clouds and other weather parameters for the period 1961-1990, and
information on droughts and excessive rainfall, depressions and cyclonic storms are
also included in the publication. The details of various natural disasters affecting the
State of Orissa during the period 1975 to 1996 are also included.
The climatological summary and related maps were prepared by the members
of staff of the Revision of Climatological Publications Section of the Office of the
Additional Director General of Meteorology (Research), Pune. The contributions of
Smt. P.R. Joshi, Smt. P.R. Iyer and Shri A. Phillipose have been very vital.
The publication was prepared by Dr. Medha Khole, Meteorologist Gr.I and
reviewed by Shri M.R. Das, DDGM(C), (Retd). Dr. U.S. De, ADGM(R), (Retd),
Dr. R.K. Dube, ADGM(R) and Dr. S.K. Dikshit, DDGM(SI), provided the overall
guidance for this publication. I appreciate their sincere efforts.
NEW DELHI R.R. KELKAR

17 April, 2002 DIRECTOR GENERAL OF METEOROLOGY
INTRODUCTION
The climatology of the State of Orissa as a whole in terms of various

meteorological parameters is described in the first Chapter. It is followed by a detailed
description of the climate of each district in the succeeding chapters. In this publication,
the districts of Orissa, which were in existence as on 1st January 2000, have been
considered and the climatology of these districts, arranged in alphabetical order, is
presented.
The normals of the meteorological parameters used for describing the climate
are generally based on the data for the period 1961-1990, except in case of rainfall and
for all the parameters in case of some stations where data of only recent years are
available. The normals of rainfall are based on the data for the period 1901 to 1990.
These data are obtained from National Data Centre, Pune. The extreme values of
temperature and rainfall presented in the publication are based on the data updated
upto the year 1993 and 1996 respectively.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. CLIMATE OF ORISSA
Page
No.
General Description 1
Climatology and Climate of Orissa State 2
Sea Level Pressure and Winds 3
Temperature 3
Humidity 5
Cloudiness 5
Rainfall 5
Rainfall Variability 6
Droughts and Excessive Rainfall 6
Cyclonic Storms and Depressions 13
Other Weather Phenomena 15
Natural Disasters 15
Table of Disastrous Events 17
Consolidated Tables (I to VII) 64
II. DISTRICT CLIMATOLOGICAL SUMMARIES
1. Angul 79
2. Balasore 85
3. Bargarh 91
4. Baudh 95
5. Bhadrak 99
6. Bolangir................. 104
7. Cuttack 111
8. Deogarh 117
9. Dhenkanal 121
10. Gajapati 125
11. Ganjam 129
12. Jagatsinghpur 135
13. Jajpur 140
14. Jharsuguda 144
15. Kalahandi 149
16. Kandhamal 154
17. Kendrapara 160
18. Keonjhar 164
19. Khurda 170
20. Koraput 175
21. Malkangiri 180
22. Mayurbhanj 184
23. Nayagarh 190
24. Nawapara 194
25. Nawarangpur 198
26. Puri 202
27. Rayagada 207
28. Sambalpur 211
29. Sonepur 216
30. Sundargarh 220
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Page No.
Fig.1 Physical Features I
Fig.1(a) Inset III
Fig.2 Climatic Classification XIII
I. TEMPERATURE
Fig.2(a) Mean Maximum Temperature May XIV

Fig.2(b) Mean Maximum Temperature July XV
Fig.2(c) Mean Maximum Temperature Oct XVI
Fig.2(d) Mean Maximum Temperature Jan XVII
Fig.3(a) Mean Minimum Temperature Dec XVIII
Fig.3(b) Mean Minimum Temperature Apr XIX
Fig.3(c) Mean Minimum Temperature Jul XX
Fig.3(d) Mean Minimum Temperature Oct XXI
Fig.4 Highest Maximum Temperature XXII
Fig.5 Lowest Minimum Temperature XXIII
II. RAINFALL
Fig.6 Annual Normal Rainfall (cm) XXIV

Fig.6(a) Normal Rainfall (cm) Dec-Feb XXV
Fig.6(b) Normal Rainfall (cm) Mar-May XXVI
Fig.6(c) Normal Rainfall (cm) Jun-Sep XXVII
Fig.6(d) Normal Rainfall (cm) Oct-Nov XXVIII
Fig.7 Districtwise Normal Seasonal and XXIX
Annual rainfall (mms)
Fig.8 Catchment Areas (316, 317, 318, 319, XXX
320, 321, 322) with Annual Rainfall
(mms)
Fig.9 Coefficient of Rainfall Variation Annual XXXI
Fig.9(a) Coefficient of Rainfall Variation Premonsoon XXXII
(Mar-May)
Fig.9(b) Coefficient of Rainfall Variation Southwest XXXIII
monsoon
(Jun-Sep)
Fig.9(c) Coefficient of Rainfall Variation Post-monsoon XXXIV
(Oct-Nov)
Fig.9(d) Coefficient of Rainfall Variation Winter Season XXXV
(Dec-Feb)
Fig.10 Drought Affected Area
Fig.11 Area Affected by Excessive Rainfall
RAINFALL (mm) RAINFALL (mm)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
KALAHANDI
ANGUL
KENDRAPARA
BALASORE
KEONJHAR
BARGARH
KHURDA
BHADRAK
KORAPUT
BAUDH
PRE-MONSOON
PRE-MONSOON
MALKANGIRI
BOLANGIR
MAYURBHANJ
MONSOON
CUTTACK
MONSOON
NAYAGARH
DEOGARH
Page 1
Sheet5
DISTRICT
NAWAPARA
DISTRICT
ANNAUL
ANNUAL
DHENKANAL
NAWRANGPUR
GAJAPATI
PURI
GANJAM
POST-MONSOON
RAYAGADA
POST-MONSOON
SAMBALPUR JAGATSINGHPUR
WINTER
WINTER
SONEPUR JAJPUR
SUNDARGARH JHARSUGUDA
Fig. 7 : DISTRICTWISE NORMALS OF SEASONAL & ANNUAL RAINFALL (1901-1990)

STATE AS A
WHOLE KANDHAMAL
CLIMATE OF ORISSA
1. General Description
The state of Orissa lies in the northeastern part of the Indian Peninsula, roughly
between latitudes 22036’N and 17049’N and longitudes 81036’E and 87018’E. The state
has an area of 1,55,707 sq.km and consists of 30 districts. The state is bounded by the
districts Ranchi, Singbhum (of Bihar) and Medinipur (of West Bengal), on the north; by
the districts Raigarh, Raipur, Bastar (of Madhya Pradesh) on the west; by the districts
Khammam, East Godavari, Vishakhapatnam, and Srikakulam (of Andhra Pradesh) on
the south and by the Bay of Bengal, on the east. The climate of the state is
characterised by hot summer and cold winter in the interior and climate of the coastal
region near the Bay of Bengal is moist and equable. The physical features of the state
are shown in Fig.1. The inset Fig.1(a) indicates its position in the country.
The state may be broadly divided into 4 geographical regions, viz. the northern
plateau, central river basins, eastern hills and coastal plains.
The northern plateau region includes mainly Mayurbhanj, Keonjhar and

Sundargarh districts. This is an undulating upland frequently intersected by hill ranges
and sloping from north to south. The average elevation in central section of the plateau
is 900 meters (m) above sea level.
The central river basins lie between the northern plateau and eastern hills and
include Bolangir, Sonepur, Sambalpur, Deogarh, Bargarh, Jharsuguda,Dhenkanal and
Angul districts, and a part of Cuttack district.
The eastern hills which constitute the last portion of the eastern ghats, lie to the
south and southwest of central river basins stretching for about 250 km in northeast -
southwest direction through the districts of Koraput, Rayagada, Nawarangpur,
Malkangiri, Kalahandi, Nawapara, Gajapati and a part of Ganjam district. The eastern
hills are elevated and are generally 900 m above sea level.
The coastal plains comprise mostly of Balasore, Bhadrak, Kendrapara,

Jagatsinghpur, Jajpur, Puri, Khurda, Nayagarh and a portion of Ganjam and Cuttack
districts.
The areas of the state north of latitude 200N have elevation of upto 500 m above
sea level, in general and in the southwestern districts, they rise to 1500-1600 m above
sea level.
The principal peaks are Turia Konda (1598 m), Karnapadi Konda (1487 m),
Hattimali Parbat (1391 m ), Kondamali Parbat (1077 m) in Koraput district; Singarazu
Parbat (1516 m), Mahendragiri (1501 m) and Deva Giri (1382 m), in Gajapati district;
Nimgiri (1515 m) and Kirimbathali (1100 m) in Rayagada district; Tulasi Dongar
(1194 m), Raigar Gutta (1026 m) in Malkangiri district; Tangri Dongar (1229 m) in
Kalahandi district; Meghasani (1165 m), Amjhor (1082 m), Kusumbani (1012 m) in
Mayurbhanj district; Kutrabori Parbat (1194 m), Giradabadi (1036 m) in Ganjam district;
Malaygiri (1187 m) in Dhenkanal district; Murali Soru (1223 m) in Kandhamal district;
Barepat Dongar (1006 m) in Nawapara district.
The principal rivers of the state are the Mahanadi, the Brahmani, the Baitarani,
the Burabala ng, the Ang and the Tel. The land masses of the state form a succession
of hill ranges. They form three watersheds from south to north, with fine valleys in
between, down which run the three great rivers of the inner table land. The
southernmost is the valley of the Mahanadi, spreading out into fertile plains watered by
a large number of mountain streams. The Mahanadi enters the state of Orissa in
Bargarh district through Raigarh district of Madhya Pradesh. At the Barmul pass, the
river winds round the magnificiently wooded hills of the heights ranging from 450 to
600 m. From the north bank of the Mahanadi, the hill ranges rise into a fine watershed,
from 600 to 750 m height, forming a boundary between the districts, Baudh and Angul.
On the other side, they slope down upon the district of Dhenkanal, supplying countless
little feeders to the Brahmani. The river Brahmani is formed by the confluence of the
south Koel and Sankh at Panposh in Sundargarh district. From the north bank of the
Brahmani river, the hills again roll back in magnificient ranges, till they rise into the
Keonjhar watershed, with peaks from 750 to 1050 m high, culminating in Malaygiri in
Dhenkanal district. This watershed, in turn, slopes down into the valley of Baitarani.
From the eastern bank of Baitarani, rise the mountains of Mayurbhanj, ranging from
900 m to nearly 1200 m high, sending countless tributaries to the Baitarani on the
south, and pouring down the waters of the Burabalang, with the feeders of the
Subarnarekha, on the north. The Baitarani rises among the hills in the southeast of
Keonjhar whereas the Burabalang originates in Mayurbhanj and after receiving two
tributaries, viz. the Gangahar and the Surai, passes into Balasore. The Tel enters the
Nawapara district from the northwest, and flowing northeastwards, discharges itself into
the Mahanadi, close to the town of Sonepur. The Ang river rises in the hills of Bargarh
district and travels in this district for a short distance. Thereafter, taking a southerly
course for a while, it turns to the east and then runs southwestwards to join the
Mahanadi at a place northwest of Sonepur.
The Orissa state representing only one meteorological subdivision consists of

the following 30 districts : 1) Angul 2) Balasore 3) Bargarh 4) Baudh 5) Bhadrak
6) Bolangir 7)Cuttack 8) Deogarh 9) Dhenkanal 10) Gajapati 11) Ganjam
12) Jagatsinghpur 13) Jajpur 14) Jharsuguda 15) Kalahandi 16) Kandhamal
17) Kendrapara 18) Keonjhar 19) Khurda 20) Koraput 21) Malkangiri 22) Mayurbhanj
23) Nayagarh 24) Nawapara 25) Nawarangpur 26) Puri 27) Rayagada 28) Sambalpur
29) Sonepur 30) Sundargarh.
2. Climatology of the Orissa State
2.1 Climate
Areas in the state under each climatic pattern based on Koppen's classification
are shown in Fig. 2. This broad classification is based on the variation of temperature
and rainfall. The state as a whole mainly comes under the climatic type: Tropical
Savanna Hot; seasonally dry (usually winter) (Aw). However, the region of Rayagada
district and neighbourhood has a climate type marginally varying between Tropical
Savanna Hot; seasonal dry (usually winter) (Aw) and subtropical monsoon, mild and dry
winter; hot summer (Cwa) whereas Kandhamal and Koraput districts come under the
types of subtropical monsoon, mild winter; hot summer (Cwa).
The year may be divided into four seasons. The winter season from December
to February is followed by the pre-monsoon or hot weather season from March to May.
The period from June to September cons titutes the southwest monsoon season and the
period of October and November is the post-monsoon season.
During the period from December to February, generally low temperatures

prevail over the state except in the coastal belt. In the hot weather season from March
to May, weather is generally dry and uncomfortable in the interior, while due to lower
temperatures, the plateau regions are, comparatively less uncomfortable. Weather
tends to be oppressive during July due to high humidity and high temperature. The rest
of the period of the monsoon is fairly comfortable due to reduced day temperatures,
although humidity continues to be high.
2.2 Sea-level Pressure and Winds
The seasonal variation of atmospheric pressure over the state occurs in a

systematic way with a maximum in the winter and a minimum in the southwest
monsoon season. The pressure gradient over the state is generally weak except during
the late summer and southwest monsoon season. During winter, the higher pressure is
to the north. In April, the pressure increases from northwest to the northeast. The
winds, which are light and mainly from a northerly direction in January turn gradually
anti-clockwise and are replaced by light winds from a southerly direction in April. With
the advance of the summer, the pressure gradient increases and correspondingly the
winds from south to southwest also strengthen, reaching their maximum value in July.
In July, the pressure decreases from southwest to northeast over the state and
correspondingly the winds become mainly southwesterly. With the progress of the
monsoon, westerly component of the wind becomes increasingly predominant. October
is the month of transition, during which the pressure gradient is the weakest. From
October onwards, the change over of the pressure and wind pattern to the winter
pattern commences. Table – I gives the monthly mean wind speed in km per hour, and
predominant wind directions in the morning and evening, for the observatory stations in
the state.
2.3 Temperature
Table II gives the mean daily maximum and mean daily minimum temperatures
at the observatory stations in the state.
The spatial distribution of the mean daily maximum temperature for the
representative months of the four seasons of a year is depicted in Fig.2 (a, b, c, d). Pre-
monsoon season is the hottest season while winter is the coldest season of the year.
The variation of maximum temperature in the coastal districts is not very pronounced
during the southwest monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. May is the hottest month
with the mean daily maximum temperature of 36.6 0C in the plains, the plateau regions
and elevated places recording 20C and 50C lower. During May, the mean daily
maximum temperature ranges from 32.3 0C to 43.2 0C over the state, the values
increasing northwestwards. The highest values are observed over the extreme
northwestern region. (Fig.2(a)). During July, an appreciable drop in the mean daily
maximum temperature is observed, with the values ranging between 25.5 0C and
33.5 0C. (Fig.2(b)). The temperature pattern of October (Fig.2(c)) is quite similar to that
of July. The values of mean daily maximum temperature in October ranges between
27.2 0C to 33.5 0C, with the values generally increasing northeastwards. From Fig.2(d), it
is observed that, the mean daily maximum temperature of January ranges between
24.6 0C and 30.0 0C.
The spatial distribution of the mean daily minimum temperature for the
representative months of the four seasons of a year is depicted in Fig.3 (a, b, c, d). In
the month of December, the minima of the mean daily minimum temperature is
observed over the central region of the state. The values range between 8.2 0C to
17.2 0C. Over the northwestern and southeastern region of the state, temperature higher
than 150C is observed (Fig.3(a)). The gradient of the mean daily minimum temperature
is observed to decrease sharply in the month of April. The values range between
19.9 0C to 26.4 0C. The temperature is higher than 250C over the northwestern and the
extreme southeastern region of the state. The lowest value of the mean daily minimum
temperature is observed over the central region of the state. (Fig.3(b)). The gradient of
mean daily minimum temperature is observed to decrease during the month of July.
The values of minimum temperature range between 18.6 0C to 26.2 0C. The temperature
over the coastal region of the state is generally higher than 250C. (Fig.3(c)). During the
month of October, the values of mean daily minimum temperature range between
17.7 0C to 24.6 0C. The temperature over the coastal region is observed to be higher
than 22.5 0C. (Fig.3(d)).
The highest maximum temperature and the lowest minimum temperature ever
recorded is depicted in Fig.4 and Fig.5, respectively. The highest maximum
temperature ever recorded in the state is 49.6 0C on 28 May 1988 at Jharsuguda and 26
April 1976 at Titlagarh observatories, respectively. This temperature is higher than the
respective normals by 8.3 0C. The lowest minimum temperature ever recorded in the
state is 00C at Phulbani observatory on 06 January 1986 and 27 December 1990 which
is lower than the respective normal by 8.8 0C and 8.2 0C respectively.
Thus, day temperatures in the state are more or less uniform over the plains
throughout the year except during pre-monsoon season when temperatures increase
northwestwards. In general, the night temperatures are lower in the higher latitude
districts except during the southwest monsoon season when the coastal areas are
warmer than the interior ones. Both day and night temperatures are lower over the
plateau and at high level stations than those over the plains.
Both, the maximum and minimum temperatures rise rapidly from February
onwards till May. The increase in maximum temperature during the period from January
to May ranges from about 50C to 140C at individual stations as one proceeds from
coastal to interior stations of the state. From the beginning of June to the end of July,
the maximum temperature falls by about 20C to 60C whereas the minimum temperature
falls only by about 10C to 20C from June to September. In September, a slight rise in
the maximum temperature is experienced due to increased insolation. The night
temperatures start falling rapidly after September, while the day temperatures follow
this trend after October and both attain the lowest values by December. July and
August have the lowest diurnal range of temperature, about 50C-70C. The diurnal range
increases rapidly after the withdrawal of the southwest monsoon. During the period
from November to May, the diurnal range is of the order of 120C-140C, being the
highest in December and January.
2.4 Humidity
Table - III gives the mean relative humidity at 0830 and 1730 hours IST for the
individual stations in the state. The relative humidity is generally high during the period
from July to September. It is about 70% in June, rising to about 83% in July, August
and September. The value of the relative humidity is the least during summer
afternoons when it ranges between 25% to 45% over the inland stations. The diurnal
variation of relative humidity is the least during the southwest monsoon season, and the
highest during the winter period, from December to March.
2.5 Cloudiness
Table IV and IV(a) give the mean monthly total cloud amount and mean number
of days with clear and overcast skies at 0830 and 1730 hours IST respectively.
The monthly mean hours of bright sunshine for the sunshine observatory
stations in the state are given in Table IV (b).
The period, December to March, is generally cloudless or lightly clouded.

Afternoons are, however, comparatively more clouded than forenoons, particularly
during summer. During the southwest monsoon season (June to September), the skies
are heavily clouded, particularly during July and August. On an average, in each of
these two months, the sky remains overcast for more than about 12 days per month. It
remains clear on an average, for two to three days per month during these two months.
By October, clouding decreases considerably over the entire state.
2.6 Rainfall
Table V gives districtwise and statewise mean monthly and mean annual rainfall
and the number of rainy days (i.e. days with rainfall of 2.5 mm or more). Table - V(a)
gives mean monthly and mean annual rainfall and number of rainy days for hill stations.
Fig.6 and 6(a) to 6(d) depict the spatial distribution of the annual and seasonal rainfall
(for the respective representative months) respectively, over the state.
The total annual rainfall in the state is maximum over the region of Baudh district
and neighbourhood, the coastal districts and the southwestern-most part of the state
(Fig.6). The total annual rainfall for the state is 145 cm and the total annual number of
rainy days is 69. Malkangiri district receives the maximum amount of rainfall (167 cm)
in a year, whereas Ganjam receives the minimum amount of rainfall (128 cm) in a year.
The pattern of spatial distribution of the rainfall over the state during the southwest
monsoon season (Fig.6(c)) generally resembles to that of the spatial distribution of the
annual rainfall (Fig.6). From Fig.6(d) it is observed that, during the post-monsoon
season, the rainfall over the state decreases northwestwards.
The southwest monsoon season is the principal rainy season over the state. Of
the total annual rainfall, about 79% is received in the southwest monsoon season,
about 3% is received in the winter season (December to February), about 8% is
received in the pre-monsoon season (March to May) and about 10% is received in the
post-monsoon season (October-November). The percentage of the seasonal number of
rainy days with respect to the annual number of rainy days is 76% for the southwest
monsoon season, 11% for the pre-monsoon season, 9% for the post-monsoon season
and 4% for the winter season. During the southwest monsoon season, the state
receives rainfall mainly due to low pressure areas and monsoon depressions originating
in the Bay of Bengal.
The southwest monsoon sets in over the southern parts of the state by about
first week of June and covers the entire state by the second week of June. July and
August are the rainiest months, each accounting individually to about 25% of the annual
rainfall. The number of rainy days ranges from 10 to 16 in the southwest monsoon
season, the number being maximum (16) for the month of August and being 15 in July.
The withdrawal of the southwest monsoon begins from the northern parts of the
state in the second week of October and the monsoon withdraws from the state
completely by about 15 October.
The most common rain-giving systems over the state during post-monsoon
season are the depressions and cyclonic storms originating in the Bay of Bengal. The
storms and depressions cause heavy to very heavy rainfall and contribute substantially
to the season's total rainfall.
During winter, the state receives about 4 cm of rainfall. This rainfall, though small
in amount, is of utmost significance for agriculture. This rainfall generally occurs in
association with induced low pressure areas over the surface due to Western
Disturbances moving from west to east, across the northern parts of the country.
The features of rainfall described above are also evident from Fig.7, which
shows the annual and seasonal rainfall for the individual districts as well as for the
state. It provides a measure for comparison of seasonal rainfall with the annual, for
both, district-wise and state-wise rainfall.
Table VI gives the monthly and annual rainfall for various river catchments (No.
316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321 and 322) in the state. The annual rainfall of these river
catchments is shown in Fig.8. It is seen from Table VI and Fig.8 that, the river Godavari
from its confluence with river Wainaganga to its mouth has a catchment (No. 317) in the
state, which receives the maximum amount of annual rainfall (167.6 cm) as well as the
maximum rainfall (132.6 cm) during the southwest monsoon season.
2.7 Rainfall Variability
The spatial distribution of Coefficient of Variation of annual rainfall over Orissa is

depicted in Fig.9.
Coefficient of Variation (CV) which is expressed as percentage is defined as:
S tan dard Deviation (σ)

CV = × 100
Normal (N)
It is observed from Fig.9 that the values of CV of annual rainfall range between
19% to 29% over the entire state of Orissa. The values of CV over the extreme
northeastern and extreme southwestern parts are less than 20%, while those over
some parts of the northern and western Orissa are higher than 25%.
The spatial distribution of CV of seasonal rainfall over Orissa is shown in

Fig.9(a), 9(b), 9(c) and 9(d) for the seasons, pre-monsoon (March to May), southwest
monsoon season (June to September), post-monsoon season (October - November)
and the winter season (December to February), respectively. It is observed that, the
values of CV range between 40% to 80% for the pre-monsoon season. The regions of
extreme northwestern Orissa exhibit the highest variability, with values of CV exceeding
70%. (Fig.9(a)). During the southwest monsoon season, the rainfall variability is low
with the values of CV ranging between 17% to 30% (Fig.9(b)). From Fig.9(c), it is
observed that the values of CV of the rainfall during the post-monsoon season, range
between 58% to 130%. The gradient of CV values is quite steep, especially over the
western Orissa. During the winter season also, the variability of rainfall is very high. The
values of CV range between 90% to 170%. The southwestern sector of the state
exhibits values of CV, higher than 150%. (Fig.9(d)). Thus, the variability of annual
rainfall and rainfall during the southwest monsoon season, over Orissa, is relatively
lower (about 20% to 25%). On the other hand, the variablity of seasonal rainfall for the
other three seasons is very high, the CV values exceeding 100% over some parts of
the state. The contribution of southwest monsoon rainfall to the annual rainfall is the
highest.
2.8 Droughts and Excessive Rainfall
(a) Droughts
Meteorologically, drought over an area or a place may be defined as a situation

when the annual rainfall over the area or place is less than 75% of the normal. It is
classified as "moderate drought" if rainfall deficit is between 25 and 50% and severe
drought when it is more than 50%.Areas where frequency of drought as defined above
is 20% of the years examined are classified as "drought areas" and areas having
drought condition for more than 40% of the years under consideration represent
"chronically drought affected areas".
There is not a single district in the state during 1901-1990, which satisfies the
criteria for "drought area" or "chronically drought affected area".
All the districts of the state were affected by drought during some year or the
other during the period 1901 to 1990. The details of yearwise occurrence of drought
over each district are as given below. The figures within the brackets against each
district indicate the number of occasions during the 90 year period when these districts
were affected by drought.
During the 90 year period from 1901 to 1990, drought conditions as prevailed
over the state are described below.
Angul (10), Balasore (7), Bargarh (8), Baudh (4), Bhadrak (3), Bolangir (2), Cuttack (3),
Deogarh (5), Dhenkanal (2), Gajapati (2), Ganjam (7), Jagatsinghpur (1), Jajpur (3),
Jharsuguda (4), Kandhamal (5), Kalahandi (7), Kendrapara (6), Keonjhar (9),
Khurda (4), Koraput (5), Malkangiri (6), Mayurbhanj (2), Nayagarh (3), Nawapara (7),
Nawarangpur (2), Puri (4), Rayagada (4), Sambalpur (6), Sonepur (12) and
Sundargarh (5).
Occurrence of drought conditions in successive years is not frequent in the state.

However, individual districts have had successive years of drought. Severity of drought
not only depends upon the order of rainfall deficiency in a single year, but also on the
continued occurrence of deficient rain in successive years, even though the deficiency
in each successive year may not be as high as in a single year. The following table
depicts districtwise years of successive drought during the 90 year period, 1901 to
1990.
Table (i)
Years of successive Names of districts

drought affected
1968 - 1969 Bargarh
1987 - 1988 Bargarh
1978 - 1979 Sambalpur
1923 - 1924 Deogarh
1965 - 1966 - 1967 Angul
1953 - 1954 Balasore
1987 - 1988 Baudh
1987 - 1988 - 1989 Nawapara
1974 - 1975 Kalahandi
1987 - 1988 Kalahandi
Fig.10 shows the percentage frequency of drought and years of successive
drought in the districts during the period 1901 to 1990. As expected, the percentage
frequency of drought over the coastal districts is generally lower as compared to that
over the interior districts. The following table shows the years of severe drought for
various districts, with the actual rainfall expressed as percentage of normal rainfall,
given in brackets, against each district.
Table (ii)
Years of severe Affected

Drought Districts
1967 Ganjam (43%)
1974 Bargarh (45%)
1976 Keonjhar (45%)
1982 Nayagarh (45%)
1987 Baudh (49%)
It is observed that the lowest annual rainfall, was in Ganjam district, (43% of the
normal rainfall) in the year 1967.
Incidence of widespread drought over the state in any particular year was not
very common. In the years 1918, 1923, 1935, 1957, 1974, 1979 and 1987, fairly
widespread drought affected the state. The years 1987 and 1974, were the years when
the state was the worst affected by drought, with 16 and 12 districts of the state
reporting drought, respectively.
There was no drought anywhere in the state in the following 42 years: 1903,
1904, 1905, 1906, 1908, 1910, 1912, 1913, 1915, 1917, 1919, 1922, 1925, 1926, 1928,
1929, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1944, 1950, 1951,
1952, 1955, 1956, 1958, 1960, 1961, 1963, 1970, 1971, 1973, 1977, 1980, 1986. In the
following 21 years, only one district of the state was affected by drought conditions:
1902, 1909, 1914, 1916, 1930, 1931, 1943, 1945, 1946, 1949, 1953, 1959, 1962, 1964,
1972, 1975, 1978, 1983, 1985, 1989, and 1990. The district Sonepur experienced the
maximum number (12 years) of drought conditions during the 90 year period followed
by Angul (10 years) and Keonjhar (9 years).
(b) Excessive Rainfall
Rainfall, sufficiently in excess of the normal, is a predominant factor for

occurrence of floods, particularly in high rainfall regions. For the purpose of present
description, annual rainfall of 125% or more of the normal is considered as excessive
rainfall.
Fig. 11 shows the percentage frequency of excessive rainfall and of successive

years of excessive rainfall during the period 1901 to 1990. It is seen from this figure
that the frequency of excessive rainfall is generally lower in the southwestern region of
the state.
The following Table(iii) gives the districtwise excessive rainfall years and the
highest annual rainfall (expressed as percentage of normal) with the year of
occurrence.
Table (iii)
Districts Years of excessive rainfall Highest amount of

rainfall (expressed
as % of normal)
with year
Angul 1913, 1925, 1936, 1939, 214.5 cm in 1961
1942, 1956, 1960, 1961, (153%)
1973.
Balasore 1913, 1917, 1933, 1940, 245.2 cm in 1940
1941, 1951, 1956, 1960, (154%)
1961, 1986, 1990.
Bargarh 1917, 1925, 1929, 1933, 233.8 cm in 1961
1936, 1937, 1939, 1961, (171% )
1963, 1964, 1967, 1985.
Baudh 1917, 1925, 1929, 1933, 285.7 cm in 1954
1936, 1939, 1940, 1943, (176%)
1949, 1954, 1955, 1956.
Bhadrak 1907, 1913, 1915, 1917, 227.0 cm in 1973
1925, 1928, 1933, 1936, (159%)
1940, 1955, 1956, 1961,
1963, 1971, 1973, 1985.
Bolangir 1917, 1918, 1919, 1922, 221.9 cm in 1917
1925, 1929, 1933, 1936, (172%)
1943, 1945, 1958, 1963,
1970, 1980, 1985, 1986,
1990.
Cuttack 1917, 1925, 1933, 1936, 209.4 cm in 1936
1955, 1956, 1961, 1971. (147%)
Deogarh 1913, 1917, 1939, 1943, 272.2 cm in 1961
1952, 1956, 1961, 1971. (172%)
Dhenkanal 1925, 1933, 1956, 1957, 201.5 cm in 1957
1990. (141%)
Gajapati 1904, 1914, 1925, 1958, 204.9 cm in 1990
1988, 1990. (146%)
Ganjam 1915, 1919, 1925, 1933, 209.3 cm in 1919
1940, 1958, 1968, 1990. (164%)
Jagatsinghpur 1910, 1916, 1917, 1920, 265.1 cm in 1936
1925, 1928, 1933, 1936, (175%)
1937, 1952, 1971, 1973,
1976.
Contd……
Table (iii) (contd)

Rainfall (expressed
As % of normal)
With year
Jajpur 1917, 1925, 1933, 1936, 230.9 cm in 1925
1983, 1985, 1986, 1990. (148%)
Jharsuguda 1920, 1925, 1929, 1933, 280.7 cm in 1961
1934, 1936, 1937, 1943, (206%)
1952, 1956, 1960, 1961,
1971, 1978.
Kandhamal 1904, 1919, 1925, 1926, 248.5 cm in 1933
1928, 1933, 1936, 1944, (174%)
1990.
Kalahandi 1910, 1911, 1927, 1933, 295.4 cm in 1981
1936, 1944, 1955, 1956, (222%)
1957, 1973, 1981, 1985,
1990.
Kendrapara 1913, 1925, 1936, 1946, 242.7 cm in 1973
1955, 1973, 1990. (156%)
Keonjhar 1909, 1928, 1933, 1940, 224.6 cm in 1933
1946, 1961, 1973, 1985, (151%)
1990.
Khurda 1933, 1936, 1940, 1946, 232.4 cm in 1975
1956, 1968, 1973, 1974, (165%)
1975, 1980, 1986, 1990.
Koraput 1910, 1914, 1931, 1936, 233.5 cm in 1914
1953, 1956, 1990. (149%)
Malkangiri 1925, 1936, 1990. 215.1 cm in 1990
(129%)
Mayurbhanj 1913, 1917, 1940, 1941, 265.8 cm in 1973
1943, 1952, 1956, 1959, (163%)
1973, 1975, 1977, 1978,
1990.
Nayagarh 1917, 1919, 1925, 1933, 207.2 cm in 1933
1936, 1944, 1956, 1958, (153%)
1990.
Nawapara 1911, 1917, 1919, 1920, 184.0 cm in 1920
1929, 1936, 1959, 1961, (143%)
1964, 1970.
Nawarangpur 1925, 1936, 1938, 1956, 235.4 cm in 1936
1990. (150%)
Puri 1902, 1908, 1917, 1925, 202.9 cm in 1990
1936, 1940, 1946, 1947, (144%)
1955, 1990.
Contd……
Table (iii) (contd)

Rainfall (expressed
As % of normal)
With year
Rayagada 1916, 1917, 1956, 1990. 196.7 cm in 1990
(153%)
Sambalpur 1907,1908,1917,1919, 270.7 cm in 1961
1920, 1925, 1929, 1933, (181%)
1936, 1939, 1943, 1952,
1956, 1960, 1961, 1964,
1985.
Sonepur 1917, 1918, 1929, 1932, 218.5 cm in 1960
1933, 1936, 1939, 1958, (154%)
1960, 1985, 1986.
Sundargarh 1917, 1919, 1920, 1927, 256.0 cm in 1962
1929, 1933, 1936, 1939, (180%)
1952, 1956, 1961, 1962.
From the above table, it is seen that during the 90 year period 1901-1990, there
were 68 years in which some districts or the other in the state recorded excessive
rainfall, the maximum amount being 222% of the normal annual rainfall in the year 1981
for the district Kalahandi. The districts of Bolangir and Sambalpur have got maximum
number (17) of excessive rainfall and Malkangiri has got minimum number (3) of such
rainfall. In the year 1936, a large number of districts (22) of the state experienced
excessive rainfall. The successive years of excessive rainfall against each district are
as listed below:
Successive Years of Excessive Rainfall (Districtwise)
Successive years of Districts

excessive rainfall
1960-1961 Angul
1940-1941, 1960-1961 Balasore
1936-1937, 1963-1964 Bargarh
1955-1956 Bhadrak
1939-1940, 1954-1955-1956 Baudh
1917-1918-1919, 1985-1986 Bolangir
1955-1956 Cuttack
1956-1957 Dhenkanal
1916-1917, 1936-1937 Jagatsinghpur
1985-1986 Jajpur
1933-1934, 1936-1937, 1960-1961 Jharsuguda
1925-1926 Kandhamal
Contd……
Successive Years of Excessive Rainfall (Districtwise)
(Contd……)
Successive years of Districts

excessive rainfall
1910-1911, 1955-1956-1957 Kalahandi
1973-1974-1975 Khurda
1940-1941, 1977-1978 Mayurbhanj
1919-1920 Nawapara
1946-1947 Puri
1916-1917 Rayagada
1907-1908, 1919-1920, 1960-1961 Sambalpur
1917-1918, 1932-1933, 1985-1986 Sonepur
1919-1920, 1961-1962 Sundargarh
The heaviest one day rainfall on record at any station in the sub -division was
581.9 mm on 19th August 1982, at Sambalpur observatory.
2.9 Cyclonic Storms and Depressions
Table VII gives the total number of storms/depressions which affected the state
during the period 1891-1990.
Cyclonic storms and depressions originating in the Bay of Bengal do affect the
weather of Orissa by way of storm-surges and gale winds in the coastal belt. The height
of the storm-surges and wind force along the coast increase as the systems approach
the area. These storm-surges and gale winds cause a lot of damage to human
properties like thatched houses, standing crops in the fields and low lying agricultural
lands, by inundating it with saline water. Human lives and cattle fall victim to the fury of
this natural calamity. As the storms/depressions approach the coast, the height of
storm-surges and wind force in the coastal area increase, resulting in more and more
damage to life and property. The devastating effect reaches to its maximum when these
systems cross the coast.
The cyclonic storms and depressions which mostly affect India, originate and/or
intensify over the Bay of Bengal mainly during May and October to December. They
usually travel west-northwestwards and cross the east coast of India. In general, storms
and depressions weaken on entering land.
The Orissa state, being situated on the east coast of India, experiences very
frequently, the full fury of the severe storms and/or depressions of the Bay. The
maximum number of storms/depressions affecting the state is observed in August and
September. During their course of movement, the disturbances sometimes turn or
recurve towards north or northeast. The point of recurvature progressively shifts
westwards till September. The disturbances in May recurve while still out in Bay of
Bengal. In May, exceptionally few of them cross the coast and travel inland, affecting
the weather of the state.
In the months February, March and April, the state is not affected by the Bay
storms/depressions for a single occasion, but during January and December, it was
affected once each i.e. during the year 1966 and 1981, respectively. The number of
storms/depressions that affected the state in October and November was 77 and 21,
respectively. The monsoon disturbances during June to September, generally form over
the head Bay of Bengal and travelling westwards, they pass across Orissa, Chattisgarh
and Madhya Pradesh. During the period 1891-1990, total 543 monsoon disturbances
influenced the weather of Orissa state. With the advance of the year, the Bay of Bengal
storms and depressions progressively form in lower latitudes.
The tracks of the Bay cyclones are observed in more southerly latitudes in
October and November and 98 such storms and depressions of October/November
influenced the weather of Orissa during this period. One cyclonic storm, which
originated in southwest Bay of Bengal on 15th November, 1946 deserves a mention due
to its long travel, through, both, Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea and back, across
Orissa. The storm entered Tamil Nadu from southwest Bay of Bengal, then emerged
into the Arabian Sea near Mangalore, again crossed the Konkan coast to enter into
mainland. As it travelled over land, it passed through Orissa before it finally emerged
into the Bay of Bengal again and dissipated there.
Majority of the storms and depressions, cross Orissa coast near the region north
of Puri. As such, Orissa coast, north of Puri, is the most susceptible region for the
landfall of storms/depressions in the state.
During the month of October 1999, the state of Orissa experienced two tropical
cyclones, one of these being a supercylone. Both of these cyclones had their genesis in
the Bay of Bengal and landfall over the Orissa coast. These two cyclones occurred in
succession, separated by a time interval of barely 12 days. The first of these, a very
severe cyclonic storm (15th-19th Oct 1999) crossed the Orissa coast very close to
Gopalpur on the midnight of 17th October and the other one, a supercyclone (25th
October - 1st November) crossed the Orissa coast near Paradip by the noon of 29th
October. This supercyclone took a toll of 9885 human lives. As per the information
supplied by State Relief Commissioner Office, Bhubaneshwar, Orissa, 2142 persons
were injured ; 3,70,397 cattle heads perished and paddy crops in 16,17,000 hectares
and other crops in 33,000 hectares of land were damaged. In association with the
landfall of supercyclone, 43 cm of rain was recorded at Bhubaneshwar during 24 hours
period ending at 0830 hrs IST of 30th October. The storm-surge report of Paradip
showed that the storm-surge was about 7 metres above the astronomical tide on 29th
October. However, the height of the tidal waves was 12-15 metres (40-50 feet). The
storm-surge persisted from 0630 hrs IST to 1600 hrs IST of 29th October, at Paradip.
The inundation due to tidal waves extended upto 60 kms in the coastal belt of Paradip
to Balasore, which caused devastating destruction. Most of the communication lines
were broken. This supercyclone was one of the worst cyclones of the 20th century,
which caused damage to property, worth crores of rupees. The storm remained almost
stationary for nearly 24 hours, northeast of Bhubaneshwar. Such a stationary position
of the storm over a populated coastal area enhanced the impact of cyclone, resulting in
huge loss.
2.10 Other Weather Phenomena
(a) Thunderstorms and Duststorms
Convective activity is essential for the occurrence of thunderstorms and

duststorms. With the advance of summer, thunder activity becomes pronounced due to
land heating. When the moisture in the atmosphere is insufficient, dry thunderstorms or
duststorms do occur. The maximum number of thunderstorms occurs with the
approach of the monsoon current, while the duststorms are mainly confined to the
summer months of April to June. Hailstorms occur in the state, rather rarely, during the
pre-monsoon months of March to May. Squalls, occasionally occur in the state, mainly
during the pre-monsoon and monsoon months. On an average, the frequency of days
of thunderstorms is maximum for Bhubaneshwar. Thunderstorm activity attains its
maximum in June. Even during the winter season, the state may experience
thunderstorm activity resulting from low pressure areas, induced due to eastward
moving upper-air disturbances known as "Western Disturbances". Thunderstorm
activity is minimum in December.
(b) Fog
Hill fog is frequent during the rainy months of July and September, when the air
is almost saturated and is easily cooled below the dew-point while rising over the high
elevations. Favourable conditions for formation of radiation fog such as light to calm
wind, clear skies, low temperature, etc. do exist after the withdrawal of the monsoon till
February. However, due to lack of sufficient moisture, fog occurs only occasionally, the
frequency of occurence being maximum during winter.
3. Natural Disasters
Table A gives the details of various natural disasters which affected the state of
Orissa during 1975 to 1996 and Table B gives their monthwise frequency. These data
are obtained from the annual publication of India Meteorological Department, viz.
'Disastrous Weather Events'. It is observed that, cyclonic storms; floods and droughts;
thunderstorms; tornados and hailstorms are the frequently occuring natural disasters in
Orissa. The coastal districts of Orissa are often, worst-affected due to cyclonic storms,
mostly occurring during the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. The natural
disasters associated with the extremes of southwest monsoon rainfall, viz. droughts
and floods, also pose a major threat to the state affecting the crop and economy of the
state. The frequency of thunderstorms, tornados and hailstorms is high during the pre-
monsoon season whereas that of lightning is high during the southwest monsoon
season, June to September. The loss due to natural disasters is manifold affecting the
property as well as human life. The economic loss due to such disasters as
drought/floods, hailstorms, etc., is quite high, sometimes even amounting to crores of
rupees, depending upon the intensity of natural disasters. Some of the major natural
disasters which affected Orissa during 1975 to 1996 are listed below:
1. Tornado is a rare, yet one of the severest natural disasters, which is picturesquely
described as a funnel shaped fury. It is a vortex with high angular velocity and
large pressure defect inside and has an almost vertical axis. It can cause a lot of
damage by virtue of its churning motion when it reaches the land surface. On the
water surface, it is known as water-sprout. The occurrence of tornado in the state
is generally rare. However, there always exists a possibility of its occurrence in the
humid regions of state during the pre-monsoon months. During 1975-1996,
tornados struck various parts of Orissa on three occasions. A tornado struck
Keonjhar district on 16th April/17th April 1978 taking toll of 400 lives and 17th April
1981, leaving 37 persons dead and 721 persons injured. On 28th August 1982,
another tornado swept across Sambalpur district, destroying 65 houses.
2. In the third week of September 1980, severe floods occurred in Orissa State,
which claimed 220 human lives. In the 4th week of August and 1st week of
September of the year 1982, severe floods in many rivers of Orissa affected 10
million people, 3 million hectares of agricultural land and claimed lives of 1000
human beings, with estimated damage reported amounting to hundreds of crores
of rupees. Severe flooding affected large crops of cultivated land, damaging Kharif
crops heavily, in the floods over Orissa during the southwest monsoon in 1980,
1984, 1989. In 1990, 1991 and 1992 also, severe flood conditions prevailed over
large areas of Orissa.
3. Severe drought conditions prevailed over Orissa during 1987, which was a year of
all-India drought as well. During the month of September 1996, a severe drought
occurred over the entire state of Orissa, in which crops were badly affected. Kharif
crop, mainly paddy, suffered 50-80% loss in 23 districts of the state. Over 2 lakh
people migrated to other regions in search of work.
TABLE A
NATURAL DISASTERS AFFECTING THE STATE OF ORISSA

(1975-1996)
1975
S.No. Phenomena/ Area / District Casualties Extent of Damage

Intensity/Period
1. Heat Wave Interior of - -

(Moderate) Orissa
2nd & 3rd week of
June
2. Heat Wave Orissa State - -
(Moderate)
2nd & 3rd week of
May
3. Floods & Heavy Puri, Koraput, - (1) Train services were dislocated for
Rains Sambalpur, 3 days.
2nd week of Mayurbhanj, (2) Nearly one lakh houses collapsed
September Keonjhar, rendering thousands of people
Balasore, homeless.
Cuttack
4. Floods & Heavy North 43 people died (1) Crops over 2 lakhs hectares had
Rains Balasore, been badly affected.
3rd week of August Mayurbhanj, (2) Road and Rail service remained
Keonjhar, suspended from 20-23 August.
Cuttack,
Sambalpur,
Dhenkanal
1976
S.No. Phenomena/ Area/District Casualties Extent of Damage

Intensity/Period
1. Hailstorm Baripada A few cattle perished. Damage to crops, fruit gardens, houses
24th April (Obsy) reported.
2. Thunderstorm Balasore (1) A few human deaths (1) 7 villages affected.
(Tornado) reported. (2) Damage to property reported.
12th May (2) A few livestock also
reported to have been
dead.
3. Severe Cyclonic Balasore - (1) Northern parts of Balasore district
Storm affected.
(Landfall near (2) Some damage to agriculture and
Contai) around property reported.
noon on 11th
Sept.
1977

Intensity/Period
1. Drought Sundargarh, Koraput - -

Feb/Apr.
2. Floods & Heavy Koraput, Cuttack, - 296 villages covering population of
Rains Sundergarh, 8 lakhs, 3 lakhs acres of crops and
1st week of July Balasore. 1945 houses were affected.
(Brahmani,
Baitarani,
Kharasuan,
Mahanadi, Birupa,
Gangotri rivers
crossed danger
mark).
3. Floods & Heavy Cuttack, Balasore, 38 heads of cattle lost. 828 villages covering population of
Rains Mayurbhanj 8 lakhs, 3 lakhs acres of crops and
1st week of Aug. 1895 houses were affected.
(Floods:
Subarnarekha,
Burabalang,
Baitarani,
Mahanadi and
Gangotri in spate).
4. Floods & Heavy Cuttack - Inundated vast areas.
rains
3rd week of Aug.
(Heavy rainfall and
river Baitarani
crossed danger
level).
5. Floods & Heavy Balasore, Cuttack, (1) 41 human lives lost. (1) 11 lakhs acres of crops
Rains Mayurbhanj (2) 202 heads of cattle lost. destroyed.
2nd week of Sept. (2) 1800 houses damaged.
(heavy to very
heavy rain)
1978
The most striking event of the year is the occurrence of the rare, yet one of the severest natural hazards, viz.
tornados, picturesquely described as the funnel-shaped furies, one over the Keonjhar district (Orissa) on 16th
April. It claimed several human lives besides causing considerable damage to the property along its tracks.

Intensity/Period
1. Heat Wave Coastal Orissa - -

(Moderate)
28-30 May
2. Hailstorm Sambalpur and About 20,000 people (1) About 30 houses damaged.
(Severe) Cuttack affected. 1 person died in (2) 200 hectares of crop affected.
5-8 May Cuttack and 2 injured in (3) 7 public utilities suffered a loss of
Sambalpur. Rs. 70000.
3. Squalls (Severe) Dhenkanal 6 persons died and 300 36 school buildings and gardens
11 March injured. damaged, total loss of Rs. 3 lakhs.
4. Squalls (Gale) Baripada in 4 persons killed 4 houses collapsed and 12 hectares of
22 & 24 May Mayurbhanj land affected.
district
5. Thunderstorm Keonjhar A tornado swept taking toll 2000 houses damaged.
(Severe) of 400 lives
16, 17 Apr
6. Floods & Heavy Kalahandi and - Flood water from Tel cut off
Rains (Moderate) Koraput Bhawanipatna.
3rd week of Aug.
1979
S.No. Phenomena Area/District Casualties Extent of Damage

/Intensity/Period
1. Heat Wave Orissa - -

(Moderate)
3rd week of May
2. Drought Balsore, - (1) Intercultural operations delayed.
(Moderate to Phulbani, (2) Rice plants withered beyond
severe) Bolangir, redemption.
(3rd and 4th week Dhenkanal, (3) 75% of paddy and other crops in
of June), (1st , 3rd Cuttack, Ganjam, 741 villages lost.
week and 4th Kalahandi, (4) About 21 lakh tonnes of rice and
week) and (2nd, Keonjhar, millets lost.
3rd and 4th week) Koraput, (5) Agricultural and landless
of Aug and Sept. Mayurbhanj, farmhands hit hard.
respectively. Puri, Sambalpur, (6) Acute shortage of drinking water
Sundargarh. and cattle fodder.
(7) Power cut imposed due to fall in
water level in Hirakud and Bali
mela reservoirs and working of
industrial units adversely affected.
(8) Total loss of Kharif crop Rs. 242
crores.
3. Gale Bolangir, 2 persons killed. (1) Damage to private houses (Rs.
(Strong) Sambalpur 0.46 lakhs).
1st Feb (2) Damage to Public utility (Rs. 0.43
lakhs).
(3) Damage to crops (Rs. 8.82 lakhs)
in 3,250 hectares.
4. Cyclonic storm Cuttack, 1 person drowned in (1) Several areas submerged and
Severe (Landfall Balasore, Balasore district. school and private houses
near Balasore on Mayurbhanj, 1 person died in house damaged in Balasore district.
7th night) Keonjhar, Puri collapse in Puri district. (2) Paddy crop in 486 hectares
7-8 Aug submerged, telephone/telegraph
services disrupted and 22 houses
collapsed in Cuttack district.
(3) 83 villages affected by floods,
embankments of Kusai and
Baitarani river breached. Road
communication disrupted, 2823
hectares of cultivated land affected
and 81 houses damaged in
Keonjhar district.
(4) Two embankments breached in
Mayurbhanj district.
(5) Paddy crops submerged and five
houses damaged in Puri district.
1980
Severe floods occurred in Orissa State during the 3 rd week of September, which claimed 200 human lives and affected 3
million people. A small bustling town Kashinagar in Ganjam district was reduced to heaps of rubbles.

Intensity/Period
1. Gale Cuttack - (1) Roof tops of two school buildings

(Strong) blown away in Kendrapara
16, 19 Feb subdivision.
(2) 21 houses fully collapsed and 41
houses partly collapsed, 167
houses and three primary school
buildings partially damaged in
Jajpur district.
2. Gale (a) Keonjhar - (1) Roof tops of 106 houses partly
(Strong) blown away.
29 Feb (2) 4 villages in Ghatgaon block
afftected.
(b) Mayurbhanj 6 livestock died. (1) 2 villages affected.

(2) Many houses in Salipada block
either damaged or collapsed.
3. Gale Cuttack 1 human life lost and 4 (1) 8094 hectares cropped area
(Strong) cattle heads perished in affected in Sadar subdivision.
10 Mar. Sadar subdivision (2) 2 houses fully collapsed, 3 partly
collapsed and 1200 partly damged
in Sadar subdivision.
(3) 7 houses completely collapsed, 2
partly collapsed and 26 partly
damaged at Athagarh subdivision.
(4) 108 villages affected.
4. Gale Cuttack - (1) Two villages affected.
(Strong) (2) 7 houses partly collapsed and 6
10 Apr. partly damaged in Jajpur
subdivision.
5. Gale Mayurbhanj 63 livestock lost. (1) 12 houses completely damaged
(Strong) and 26 partly in Khunta block.
12 Apr. (2) 3 villages affected.
6. Gale Cuttack (1) 1 human life lost. (1) 10 villages in Athagarh subdivision
(Strong) (2) 10 livestock lost. affected.
15 Apr. (2) Two houses partly collapsed, 61
partly damaged.
7. Gale Mayurbhanj - Some houses collapsed in Raruan
(Strong) block.
27 Apr.
8. Gale Balasore 1 human life lost. -
(Strong)
3 May.
Contd…
1980 (Contd…)

Intensity/Period
9. Gale (a) Cuttack (1) 1 human life lost. (1) Many houses damaged.
(Strong) (2) 3 heads of cattle (2) 113 villages affected.
20 May. perished
(b) Dhenkanal 4 persons died. (1) Many houses in 188 villages

affected.
(2) Estimated loss to property of Rs. 5
lakhs.
(c) Keonjhar One boy died. -

10. Hailstorm Cuttack 7 livestock lost. (1) 345 hectares of crop area in 41
(Heavy) villages affected.
9 Mar. (2) 35 houses partly and 12 houses
completely collapsed.
(3) Damage to 5 public utilities.
11. Hailstorm Athagarh (1) 1 person died. Two houses partly collapsed. 61 partly
(Heavy) subdivision (2) 10 livestock lost. damaged.
15 Apr.
12. Floods & Heavy Puri - (1) Several villages marooned.
Rains (2) Crops damaged.
(Heavy Rains) (3) Paddly seedlings lost.
Aug 1 st week
13. Severe flood (a) Koraput (1) 194 people died. (1) H.T. towers blown away disrupting
(Vamsadhara and Ganjam (2) Several cattle power supply.
river) heads perished (2) Rail communication between
Sept. 3rd week (Corpses of men, Calcutta, Madras severely affected
women and due to breaches in rail tracks at
carcases of several points.
animals scattered). (3) National Highway No. 5, snapped
at many places.
(4) Gunupur and Gudari towns in
Koraput district and Kashinagar in
Ganjam district worst affected.
(5) A wall of water roared into
Kashinagar town during night,
sweeping people to death and
wrecking everything in its path,
thus a bustling town turned into a
heaps of rubbles.
Severe floods in (b) Cuttack, 26 deaths reported. (1) Embankment breached at several
Mahanadi and Puri and points inundating about 2000
its tributaries Sambalpur sq.km.area.
(Highest ever (2) Nearly 4 million people affected.
floods) (3) Widespread damage to rail tracks
Sept. 3rd week. and bridge and consequent
cancellation of train services.
(4) Thousands of houses collapsed.
(5) About 3.4 lakhs hectares of
cropped land inundated.
(6) Unprecented power crisis brought
the industrial units to grinding halt.
1981
A rare, yet one of the severest natural hazards, is tornado, which is picturesquesly described as a funnel shaped fury.
During the year, a tornado swept across four villages in Keonjhar district in Orissa state on 17th April, left 35 persons and
200 injured and 2000 houses razed to the ground.

Intensity/Period
1. Heat Wave Area adjoining to - -

(Moderate to M.P.
Severe)
15 to 17 Jun.
2. Gale (Strong) Ganjam - 3 houses and 3 public institutes damaged.
28 March.
3. Gale (Strong) Phulbani - Loss to public utilities Rs. 87,500.
3rd and 4th week
of March
4. Gale (Strong) Cuttack 1 person died 564 houses damaged.
15th April
5. Gale (Strong) Cuttack - 53 houses and 2 school buildings
19th April affected.
6. Gale (Strong) Cuttack 2 persons died -
25th April
7. Gale (Strong) Mayurbhanj 113 livestock lost. (1) 15 houses partly collapsed.
30th April (2) 68 houses partly damaged.
8. Gale (Strong) Cuttack - 9 houses affected.
11th May
9. Gale (Strong) Mayurbhanj 11 livestock lost (1) 24 houses partly damaged.
12th May (2) 17 public utilities affected.
10. Gale (Strong) Cuttack - 279 houses and 9 public buildings
17th May damaged.
11. Gale (Strong) Dhenkanal (1) 1 woman died and 8 (1) 19 houses fully and 28 partly
17th & 20th May) other persons injured. damaged.
(2) 7 livestock lost. (2) Total loss to public utilities Rs.
21,500/-.
12. Gale (Strong) Cuttack - 43 houses affected.
20th & 21st May
13. Gale (Strong) Bolangir - (1) 1734 houses partly damaged.
29th May (2) Loss to public utilities Rs. 1,42,000/-.
14. Gale (Strong) Bolangir - 914 houses partly damaged.
9th June Loss to public utilities Rs. 73,000/-.
15. Gale (Strong) Cuttack 1 human life lost. 34 houses fully and 121 houses partly
15th June damaged.
8 public utilities damaged.
16. Thunderstorm Ganjam - 8 houses fully, 39 partly, 1 school building

(Severe) and 1 temple damaged.
24th March
17. Thunderstorm Keonjhar (1) 37 human lives lost. (1) Four villages affecte d.
(Severe) (2) 721 persons injured. (2) 136 houses razed.
(A tornado (3) 268 cattle perished. (3) 205 houses totally collapsed.
swept through (4) 4800 fowls lost. (4) 358 houses partly collapsed.
the district) (5) 28 public institutes affected.
17th April (6) 2000 trees uprooted.
Contd…
1981 (Contd….)

Intensity/Period
18. Thunderstorm Mayurbhanj (1) 3 human lives lost. (1) 51 houses fully collapsed.
(Severe) (2) 30 livestock lost. (2) 39 houses partly collapsed.
(A tornado (3) 1903 hectares crop area affected.
swept through (4) 3 public institutions affected.
the district) (5) 30,000 trees uprooted.
18th April
19. Hailstorm (a) Keonjhar 3 human lives lost. Cropped areas affected: 431.5 hectares.
(Heavy)
9th Feb
- Crop loss: Rs. 18.91 lakhs.
Hailstorm (b) Mayurbhanj Loss to public utilities Rs. 8500/-.
(Moderate)
9th Feb
20. Hailstorm Dhenkanal (1) 135 livestock lost. (1) Crop area affected: 68 hectares.
(Moderate) (2) A teenager lost life (2) 18 houses fully and 313 partly
13th March and 15 others injured/ collapsed.
(3) 5 school buildings damaged.
(4) About half a dozen villages affected.
21. Hailstorm Cuttack (1) 152 human being Crop loss: Rs. 182.58 lakhs.
(heavy) injured.
13th & 30th (2) 52 livestock lost.
March
22. Hailstorm Ganjam (1) 28 persons injured -
(Moderate) (2) 287 livestock lost
18th March
23. Hailstorm Koraput 1 woman died Crop area affected 2828 hectares, heavy
(Moderate) damage to standing Rabi crop and few
21st March electric poles.
24. Hailstorm Sambalpur - Crops loss Rs. 1.58 lakhs.
(Moderate)
23rd March
25. Hailstorm Bolangir - (1) Crop loss Rs. 80,000/-
(Moderate) (2) Loss to public utilities Rs. 7,380/-.
23rd & 30th
March
26. Hailstorm Balasore 80 persons injured. (1) Crop area affected 7654 hectares.
(Heavy) (2) 1268 houses partly damaged.
25th & 26th
March
27. Hailstorm Ganjam - 24 houses fully and 23 houses partly
(Moderate) damaged.
26th March
28. Hailstorm Ganjam - 8 houses fully and 21 houses partly and 5
(Moderate) public buildings damaged.
28th March
29. Hailstorm Ganjam - 1165 houses partly and 168 houses fully
(Moderate) and 1 school building damaged.
30th March
30. Hailstorm Ganjam - 21 public institutions affected.
(Moderate)
4th April
Contd…
1981 (Contd….)

Intensity/Period
31. Hailstorm Bolangir - Crop loss Rs. 7.3 lakhs.
(Moderate)
30th April
32. Hailstorm Bolangir - Crop loss Rs. 4.78 lakhs.
(Moderate)
3rd May
33. Hailstorm Mayurbhanj 1 human life lost 35 houses partly collapsed.
(Moderate)
3rd May
34. Cyclonic storms Orissa Coast 15 people lost lives. (1) Extensive areas covering 36536
7-10th Aug (Landfall – North hectares of land affected in Puri,
of Puri on 8th Ganjam, Koraput and Kalahandi
morning) districts.
(2) Some areas of Kandhamal and
Sundargarh districts also affected.
(3) In all 1017 villages affected in the
above districts.
(4) Cropped area in 3690.45 hectares
affected.
(5) Total area of 2173.55 hectares of
cultivable land have been sandcast.
(6) 5 houses completely swept away.
(7) 5002 houses fully collapsed and 1207
houses partly collapsed.
(8) More than 500 roads and culverts
damaged.
35. Cyclonic storms Orissa Coast (1) In Puri district 7 (1) In Balasore district 362 villages
24-28th Sept. (Landfall – near human casualty affected, total area of 51133 hectares
Puri early reported and 138 affected and cultivated land of 26,655
morning of 26 th livestock lost. hectares affected. 6 houses fully and
Sept.) (2) In Ganjam district 39 8 houses partly collapsed.
livestock lost. (2) In Puri district 561 villages affected.
(3) In Bolangir district 8 Total 19006 hectatares land,
human casualty affected. 1891.05 hectares of
reported. cultivated land affected. 5 houses
completely swept away, 320 houses
fully and 396 houses partly collapsed,
total area of 1891.05 hectares
sandcast.
(3) In Ganjam district 450 villages
affected. Total area of 17250
hectares affected. Cultivated land of
599.4 hectares affected. 101 houses
fully and 364 houses partly collapsed.
200.8 hectares of area sandcast.
(4) In Koraput district 12 villages
affected. Total area of 280 hectares
affected.
(5) In Kalahandi district 1200 hectares of
cultivated area affected.
(6) In Phulbani district 81 houses fully
and 447 houses partly collapsed and
total area of 81.7 hectares sandcast.
Contd…
1981 (Contd….)

Intensity/Period
36. Cyclonic storms Orissa Coast 2 human lives lost in (1) 57571 hectares of cropped land
(Severe) (Landfall – Sagar Cuttack district and 757 affected in Cuttack district due to
4-11th Dec Islands early injured in Balasore, Puri saline inundation resulting in a loss of
night of 10 th Dec). and Cuttack districts. Rs. 90 lakhs.
(2) Loss to betel-vines in Cuttack district
of Rs. 162 lakhs, 2000 houses and
29675 thatched houses in this district
of values at Rs. 55 lakhs damaged,
loss to roads, river embankments in
coastal Orissa estimated at Rs. 317
lakhs.
37. Heavy Rains Ganjam 44 goats and sheeps died 94 houses partly damaged.
22nd March in Hingili block
38. Heavy Rains Mayurbhanj - 5 houses partly damaged.
3rd April
39. Moderate floods Balasore - (1) 6 houses collapsed.
24th June (2) Many roads severely breached.
(3) Estimated crop loss of Rs. 6.95 lakhs.
1982
A. A rare, yet one of the severest natural hazards, namely, a tornado, picturesquely described as a funnel shaped fury
in meteorological parlance, swept across Sambalpur district of Orissa state on 28th August. The whirl wind took off
from bottom of a hillock near Hirakud reservoir and rushed towards the Salad village in Rengali block. Water from a
pond on its patch churned up high into the sky, destroying 65 houses.
B. Severe floods in many rivers in Orissa, during 4th week of August and 1st week of September affected 10 million
people and 3 million hectares of agricultural land and claimed lives of 1000 human beings estimated damage
reported to run in hundreds of crores of rupees. It was worst ever to have been witnessed in the living memory.
C. Record rainfall of 58 cm in 24 hours at Sambalpur town (Orissa state ) on 19th August.

Intensity/Period
1. Drought (Severe) Keonjhar, - Paddy and few non-paddy crops affected.
Nov. 3rd and 4th Mayurbhanj,
week and Sundargarh
December 1st to
4th week.
2. Thunderstorm Sambalpur 11 persons injured Tornado in a 3 minutes spell uprooted
(Severe) many trees. The whirlwind took off from
Tornado 28 bottom of a hillock near Hirakud reservoir
August rushed towards the Salad village in the
Rengali block, water from a pond on its
patch, churned up high into the sky. Due
to tornado, 250 persons rendered
homeless destroying 65 houses.
3 Floods and Rains Sambalpur - (1) Sambalpur city and surrounding area
(Moderate) remained under 1 to 1.5 meter of
(Mahanadi river) water.
18 & 19 August (2) Hirakud irrigation system suffered
heavy damage.
(3) Power house at Burla inundated,
damaging all equipments and
resulting in total shut-down.
4. Floods and Rains Balasore, Over 1000 people reported (1) Worst ever flood in Mahanadi,
(Severe) Bolangir, killed witnessed during the last 100 years.
(Mahanadi, Cuttack (2) Over 90,000 sq.km.area and more
Brahmani, Baitarni Dhenkanal, than 10 million people affected.
and Devi rivers) Ganjam, (3) More than a million people rendered
Aug.4 th week and Kalahandi, homeless and about 2000 villages
Sept.1st week. Keonjhar, affected.
Koraput, (4) Puri-Cuttack and Paradip-Cuttack
Phulbani, train services suspended.
Puri and (5) National highway between
Sambalpur Bhubaneshwar-Cuttack sealed off and
Cuttack-Kendrapara and Kendrapara-
Paradip highway remained under
water.
(6) Rain water entered Paradip Port area.
(7) Damage runs into hundreds of crores
of rupees.
(8) Three million hectares of Agricultural
land affected.
(9) Property worth Rs. 27 crores
destroyed in Sambalpur district alone.
Contd…
1982 (Contd…)

Intensity/Period
5. Cyclonic Storm Formation : About 150 persons died (1) Balasore, Cuttack and Puri districts of
(Bay cyclone) Formed at 15o Orissa affected, Cuttack being the
1 to 4 June 30’ N and worst affected district. Many areas in
Max. wind speed 91o00’ E. Cuttack and Balasore districts
recorded by a Landfall : inundated by saline water.
ship at Paradip Between (2) 6.7 million people affected including 2
port was 235 Paradip and lakhs who rendered homeless.
kmph. Chandbali on (3) Severe damage to Paradip Port,
3rd night where 2 ships and 100 mechanised
Dissipation : fishing trawlers damaged. A large
Over east U.P. number of private country boats, also
reported missing or lost in rough seas.
All official buildings, residential
houses in Paradip port area severely
damaged/collapsed. The number of
houses damaged was about 10,000.
Wireless station at Paradip blown
away.
(4) A large number of electric
and telephone poles bent ,
twisted or grounded disrupting
telecommunication and power. A
good number of trees also uprooted.
(5) Train services on the east coast line
of southeastern railway badly
disrupted.
(6) According to newspaper ;reports the
cyclone was the worst ever seen in
the last hundred years.
1983

Intensity/Period
1. Heat Wave Orissa 3 persons died in Bolangir -

(Moderate)
7th June
2. Lightning Paradip 5 persons killed when a hut -
20th April at Kansaripatna burnt due
to lightning, another person
killed in Chatua and 4
others seriously injured.
3. Thunderstorm Ganjam 142 cattle perished (1) 50 villages in Aska, Belaguntha
(Severe) and Palsara block affected.
7th Feb (2) Rabi crop worth Rs. 31.15 laKhs
lost.
(3) 38 public buildings worth Rs.
1,38,000 damaged.
(4) 56 Kutcha houses completely and
1651 partially collapsed.
(5) Loss due to perishment of cattle
estimated Rs. 31,100.
4. Thunderstorm Bolangir 3 persons died and 10 (1) 6 thatched houses collapsed and
(Severe) others injured at Jalwa. 10 partially damaged.
20th March (2) 3 mango trees and many other
small trees uprooted.
5. Thunderstorm Paradip (1) 35 year old woman (1) Tornado in 1-2 minutes spell
(Severe) lifted upto a height of damaged 6 wooden cubicles used
Tornado 10 metre and dropped, as a pan shop and thrown them
23rd March she was latter away about 100 metres.
admitted to hospital. (2) Several hundreds thatched huts
(2) 2 persons injured at razed to ground.
Madhuban residential (3) Asbestos roof-tops of several
area of Paradip Port houses blown off.
Trust.
6. Thunderstorm Bhubaneshwar - Self supporting masts of office of the
(Moderate) Senior Supdt, Inter-state police wireless
22nd April station damaged.
7. Heavy Rains Koraput 3 persons washed away (1) Property worth Rs. 3 crore lost.
25th & 26th June (2) 15,000 people mostly Adivasis in
100 villages in 10 blocks
marooned.
(3) Paddy crop in 7000 hectare area
washed away.
Contd…
1983 (Contd…)

Intensity/Period
8. Moderate rains Koraput 3 persons died. (1) About 5000 farmers in 10 blocks of
(Kolab & Indravati) the district affected.
8-10th July (2) Several hundreds of people
rendered homeless when flood
water washed away their mud
houses.
(3) 2 houses at the upper Kolab hydel
project washed away when a
confer dam at the project side gave
away under the pressure of flood
water.
(4) Number of wooden bridges
damaged and connecting roads
breached.
(5) Widespread damage was caused
to crop.
9. Heavy Rains Sambalpur - 4000 people marooned in Gogud village
29th July in Deogarh subdivision.
10. Moderate rains/ Bhubaneshwar 5 persons died. -
floods ( Brahmani
and Baitarani
rivers)
7-10th Sept.
1984
Severe flooding in many rivers of the country during the southwest monsoon season took a heavy toll of human lives and
livestock. It also affected large areas of cultivated land, damaging khariff crops heavily. Orissa was among the most
affected states.

Intensity/Period
1. Thunderstorm Cuttack 1 person killed and others -

(Severe) injured at Athagarh, in
26th May house collapse.
2. Floods and rains Koraput - 800 people evacuated to safer places.
(Heavy rains)
12th & 13th Jun
3. Floods (Severe) Ganjam - (1) 5000 people affected and 1000
(Vamsadhara river) people marooned. 1000 houses
13th Jun collapsed and three school
buildings damaged.
(2) 7 villages in Kashinagar block
submerged.
(3) Many country boats washed away.
(4) Road traffic through Ganupur
disrupted as wooden bridge over
river Vamsadhara washed away.
4. Flood (Severe) Balasore, (1) 27 persons died (1) 35,11,177 people in 6137 villages
(Baitarni, Brahmani, Cuttack, (highest toll recorded affected.
Devi, Indravati, Dhenkanal, in the Cuttack district.) (2) Paddy, vegetable and oil seed
Kolap,Subarnarekha Ganjam, (2) 459 cattle perished. crops badly damaged, 352448
rivers) Aug 2 nd week Keonjhar, hectares cultivated land damaged.
to September 1st Koraput, Puri (3) 7908 hectares of land sandcast.
week. and Boudh, (4) 37 houses swept away while 3709
Kandhamals. completely and 15648 partially
collapsed, 9700 school and college
buildings affected in flood.
(5) 4740 km stretch of road damaged.
(6) 4756 telecommunication lines
affected.
5. Cyclonic storm Formation: - (1) Rajkanika, Rajnagar and Aul
(Severe) North-west blocks of Cuttack district affected.
(maximum wind Bay (2) 3300 hectares of paddy and Biri
speed 120 kmph) Landfall: crop completely damaged in
12th-15th Oct Just north of Rajkanika block.
Chandbali (3) About 1215 hectares of Biri crop in
Dissipation: Aul block damaged.
100 km In Rajnagar block, large number of roof
northwest of tops of thatched houses blown away
Chandbali and telephone line disrupted.
1985
A Bay cyclone during 13-17 October crossed Orissa coast, took a toll of 57 human lives and 2500 cattle heads in Orissa
and West Bengal.

Intensity/Period
1. Drought Kalahandi - Acute shortage of drinking water

Aug & Sept. reported.
2. Thunderstorm Cuttack (1) 2 persons died and 49 (1) 40 houses completely and 25
(Tornado) injured. partially collapsed in Chirgunia
29th April (2) 20 cattle perished. village in Sukhind block.
(2) 65 families affected.
3. Thunderstorm Balasore (1) 3 persons died Many trees uprooted.
(Severe) (2) 4 cattle perished
4 May.
4. Thunderstorm Kalahandi and 2 persons died (1 each in Hatibari (1) 136 houses in 3 villages
(Tornado) Sundargarh and Nawapara) Brahambani, Hatibari, and
7 May Nawapara collapsed.
(2) In all, 800 families affected.
5. Floods and rains Cuttack, - (1) Hundreds of villages
(Severe) Balasore, marooned.
(Mahanadi river) Keonjhar, (2) Large tracts of cultivated land
Aug 1 st week Mayurbhanj, submerged under flood water.
Bolangir,
Ganjam
6. Floods and rains Bolangir - (1) Large number of villages and
(Severe) cultiv ated land submerged
(Songarh river) under flood water.
10th Sept. (2) Major breach on Bolangir-
Saintala road washed away
disconnecting Titlagarh and
Pusra tehsil from the district
H.Q.
(3) Flood water entered into large
number of houses in Titlagarh
and Kantabanji towns/
(4) Many irrigation projects
severely affected.
7. Cyclonic storms Formation: (1) 6 fishermen drowned in (1) Puri district of Orissa state
(Maximum wind Lat. 19°30’N Chilka lake (Puri district). affected.
speed 35 knots) Long. 87°00’E (2) 264 cattle heads perished. (2) Several villages in Ashtrang
19th-21st Sept. Landfall: block of Puri district submerged
Near Puri under 0.6-0.9 m (2-3 ft) of
around 1800 water.
hours IST on (3) 300 thatched houses collapsed
20th Sept. and 400 coconut trees
Dissipation uprooted.
At the point of (4) 8 country trawlers damaged.
landfall itself. (5) 4047 hectares of paddy field
submerged under flood water
causing widespread damage to
paddy crop.
Contd…
1985 (Contd…)

Intensity/Period
8. Cyclonic storm Formation: (1) 47 persons of which 20 from (1) Balasore, Cuttack, Dhenkanal,
(Max. wind speed Over northwest Balasore district died. Keonjhar and Mayurbhanj
45 knots) and adjoining (2) 1073 cattle heads perished. districts affected.
13th-17th Oct west central (2) Balasore and Cuttack districts
Bay in the night worst affected.
of 14th Oct. (3) In Balasore district 1972
Landfall: villages affected. 4110 houses
South of fully and 12071 partially
Balasore on collapsed. 9 country boats
0430 hrs. IST capsized. 12 lakhs hectares of
of 16th Oct. cropped area submerged, 400
Dissipation: houses swept away. 349
Over Bihar breaches in embankment
plateau and reported.
adjoining Bihar (4) In Cuttack district 3937 villages
plains on 17th affected. 1300 houses fully and
Oct. morning. 9865 partially collapsed while
85 houses swept away. 4
country boats capsized. 15
lakhs hectares of cropped area
submerged.
(5) In Dhenkanal district 368
villages affected. 32 houses
fully and 1207 houses partially
collapsed. 28,800 hectares of
cropped area submerged under
flood water.
(6) In Keonjhar district, 497
collapsed, while 21 houses
swept away. 7150 hectares of
cropped area submerged.
(7) 12 country boats capsized.
(8) In Mayurbhanj district, 1735
collapsed while 500 houses
swept away, 16565 hectares of
cropped area submerged.
1986

Intensity/Period
1. Lightning Puri - Usri Jagannath temple’s flag mast
26th Oct. and some part of its top damaged.
2. Hailstorm Puri - Standing Rabi crop affected.
(Slight)
5th Feb
3. Hailstorm Balasore, - Standing Rabi crop damaged.
(Slight) Cuttack,
11th Feb Ganjam and
Sambalpur
4. Hailstorm Bolangir and Number of cattle heads perished. (1) Hailstone weighing more than
(Heavy) Sambalpur 250 gm reported.
24th Dec. (2) Standing paddy crop badly
damaged.
5. Floods and Rains Bolangir, (1) 1 person died in Sambalpur (1) 16 lakhs people affected.
(Severe) Cuttack, and 2 others at Bolangir (2) The loss of houses and public
(Mahanadi and its Dhenkanal, district. property estimated to be worth
tributaries) Kalahandi, (2) 14 cattle heads in Bolangir Rs. 20 crore.
Jun. Phulbani, Puri and 140 in Kandhamal
and Sambalpur district perished.
6. Floods & Rains Cuttack, (1) 8 people died in Puri district. (1) 9.9. lakhs people affected.
(Severe) Dhenkanal, (2) 29 cattle heads perished. (2) The loss of crop, houses and
July kandhamal and public utility estimated to be
Puri worth several lakhs of rupees.
7. Floods & Rains Koraput 2 persons repored dead. (1) 63 villages of Jeypore and
(Severe) Nawarangpur subdivision
(Indravati river) marooned.
Aug 2 nd week (2) 5000 people affected.
(3) Several thousand houses either
collapsed or damaged.
(4) 16 thousand hectares of crop
land covered by sand.
(5) 3000 villages in Koraput district
affected.
(6) Kisagummuda block along the
bank of Indravati river worst
affected.
8. Floods & Rains Ganjam (1) 3 persons died. Loss to crop, houses and public
(Severe) (2) 10 cattle heads perished. utilities estimated worth rupees
Oct several lakhs.
9. Floods & Rains Balasore, (1) 5 persons killed. (1) Loss to crop, houses and public
(Severe) Cuttack, (2) 480 cattle heads perished. utilities estimated worth Rs.
Nov. Ganjam, Puri. Several lakhs.
(2) Forty percent of standing paddy
crop in Ganjam district
damaged.
(3) National Highway No. 5 cut off
at two places.
(4) 500 kutcha houses near Chilka
lake damaged.
1987
The drought condition prevailed over the large part of the country. The effect was rather severe in many states including
Orissa.

Intensity/Period
1. Heat Wave Dhenkanal 1 person died at Talcher village -
(Moderate )
23rd May.
2. Heat Wave Cuttack 4 persons fell unconscious in -
(Moderate) Cuttack city.
30th May
3. Drought Bolangir, 79 people in Langigarh block and (1) 50% of the crop damaged in
Jan-May Kalahandi 15 in Kanduljhar village in Bolangir district.
Bhawanipatna block in Kalahandi (2) In Kalahandi district 42221
district died due to malnutrition. villages reported acute
shortage of water.
4. Drought Entire state - (1) 30,000 villages in 259 blocks
Jun-Aug worst affected.
(2) Paddy crops on 1.6 million
hectares and non paddy crops
on 6.56 lakh hectares
damaged.
(3) 6 lakh farmers rendered
jobless.
(4) Acute shortage of drinking
water reported in rural area.
5. Squalls Ganjam - Several kutcha houses in
(Severe) Behrampur city and neighbourhood
100 kmph damaged.
20 Mar.
6. Squalls Puri - One co-operative sugar mill under
(Moderate) construction in Nayagarh area
21st Mar. damaged.
7. Squalls Puri (1) 2 woman seriously injured in (1) Roof tops of several hundred
(Severe) Nawagaon block. houses blown off.
3 June. (2) 10 cattleheads perished in (2) Two school buildings totally
Oragaon block. damaged.
8. Dust-storm Cuttack 6 persons injured. (1) Several roof tops blown away.
(Severe) (2) Electric/Telecommunication
3 May. services disrupted.
9. Thunderstorm Balasore, Two children died in Balipasa (1) Several kutcha houses
(Severe) Cuttack, village in Dhenkanal district while damaged.
25 Apr. Dhenkanal, another child injured. (2) Asbestos roof tops of one high
Ganjam and school building in Puri district
Puri blown away.
(3) Electricity/telecommunication
services disrupted.
Contd….
1987 (Contd…)

Intensity/Period
10. Thunderstorm Balasore, (1) 3 persons died in Cuttack (1) High yielding variety of paddy
(Severe) Cuttack district. crop badly damaged.
26, 27 Apr. (2) 2 cattle heads perished. (2) Damage of private and public
property reported.
11. Thunderstorm Balasore 2 persons died and another Electricity/telecommunication
(Severe) seriously injured in Pwadi area. services completely disrupted for
17 May. several days.
12. Thunderstorm Cuttack 1 woman died on the spot when Many houses damaged.
(Severe) palm tree fell on her in Jaipur. Electric/telecommunication services
20 May. badly affected.
13. Thunderstorm Puri 1 person died and another -
(Severe) seriously injured in Nayagarh
24 May. district.
14. Thunderstorm Cuttack 1 woman seriously injured in -
(Moderate) Tigiria area.
4 June.
15. Thunderstorm Cuttack - (1) Roof tops of many thatched

(Severe) houses as well as Asbestos
6 June. sheets blown off in Jajpore
road, Korei and Dangodi area.
(2) 5 houses damaged.
(3) Power / telecommunication
services disrupted.
16. Thunderstorm Dhenkanal (1) 2 women seriously injured in -
(Severe) Gaondia block.
6 June. (2) 6 goats burnt to death.
17. Thunderstorm Puri (1) In Balugaon area 4 persons -
(Severe) died.
9 June. (2) 400 cattle perished.
18. Thunderstorm Mayurbhanj 2 persons died and 9 others -
(Moderate) injured in Thakurmunda area
21 June. when a sal tree fell over them.
19. Thunderstorm Balasore 2 persons died and 2 others -
(Severe) injured in Nimpur village under
19 Aug. Jaleshwar block.
20. Thunderstorm Phulbani 1 child and 2 persons seriously (1) 1 big building destroyed.
(Severe) injured in Birarampur village in (2) Property worth thousands of
8 Sept. Boutha block. rupees damaged.
21. Thunderstorm Balasore 1 person died at Ganteswar -
(Severe) village in Petalpada Panchayat.
20 Sept.
22. Hailstorm Balasore, 1 cattle perished. (1) Paddy and vegetable crop
(Moderate) Cuttack, badly hit.
1-4 March. Keonjhar and (2) Electric / telecommunication
Mayurbhanj system disrupted.
Contd…
1987 (Contd…)

Intensity/Period
23. Hailstorm Koraput (1) 3 persons seriously injured. (1) Roof tops of hundreds of
(Heavy) (2) Several cattle heads houses damaged.
3 May perished. (2) Large number of trees
uprooted.
24. Hailstorm Ganjam 30 cattle heads perished in some -
(Heavy) villages under Surada block.
7 May.
25. Floods and rains Balasore 4 persons injured in North (1) Normal life dislocated.
(Heavy rain) Balasore area. (2) Large number of roads
17 July. breached and several kutcha
houses damaged.
26. Floods and rains Sambalpur 1 person died in Brajrajnagar (1) Thousands of people affected.
(Heavy rains) area. (2) 30 kutcha houses damaged.
26 July.
1988

Intensity/Period
1. Heat Wave Bolangir, 22 persons, 15 from Sundargarh Titlagarh in Bolangir district

(Severe) Balasore, alone died. recorded maximum temperature of
3-4 Jun. Phulbani, 48°C.
Sund argarh.
2. Squall Dhenkanal - (1) Large number of huts
(Severe) damaged.
18 Mar. (2) Roof tops of school and Dak -
Bunglow blown away.
(3) Number of trees uprooted.
3. Squall Cuttack - (1) Number of thatched houses
(Severe) damaged in Jaigur area.
11 May. (2) Several trees, electric /
telephone poles uprooted,
disrupting power and
telecommunication services.
4. Squall Balasore - (1) 3 Boats carrying goods
(Severe) capsized in Baitarni river.
12 May. (2) Several roof tops at Chandbali
blown off.
5. Squall Puri (1) 1 child killed when a mango Number of trees uprooted.
(Severe) tree fell on him.
19 May. (2) 1 person severely injured at
Maltipur village near
Nayagarh taluka.
6. Lightning Mayurbhanj 1 woman and her 8 year old son -
3 Jun. killed when lightning struck the
house at Bisoi village.
7. Lightning Cuttack 5 persons including a girl died -
6 Jul. and 2 injured under Bari block.
8. Lightning Dhenkanal 1 person electrocuted at -
7 Jul. Sankarpur village.
9. Lightning Puri 2 persons killed and another -
30 Jul injured at Bhubaneshwar.
10. Lightning Cuttack (1) 5 persons died and 4 others -
31 Jul. injured under Kujanga and
Ersama police stations and
at Paradeep.
(2) 2 cattle heads perished.
11. Lightning Cuttack 1 person electrocuted in Kaliapani 4 houses burnt.
7 Sept. village.
12. Lightning Cuttack 3 women killed and 2 others -
14 Sept. injured under Tigiria block.
13. Lightning Cuttack 1 person died and his mother -
16 Sept. injured at Basudebapur village.
14. Lightning Cuttack 1 couple died at Nadiabhango -
17 Sept. village.
Contd….
1988 (Contd…)

Intensity/Period
15. Thunderstorm Ganjam - (1) Roof tops of many huts blown

(Severe) away under Puroso, Hampur
17 Feb. and Surada block.
(2) Rabi vegetable crops
damaged.
(3) Many trees and telephone
poles uprooted.
16. Thunderstorm Puri (1) Several persons injured. Damage to crop, houses and
(Severe) (2) Number of cattle heads properties reported at Nayagarh
18 Feb. perished. area.
17. Thunderstorm Kalahandi 1 person died and 65 injured in (1) Several houses damaged.
(Severe) Saliljuds village. (2) Standing Rabi crops in 6000
20-29 Feb. acres of land completely
damaged.
18. Thunderstorm Sambalpur - Pole of 1 microwave tower
(Moderate) damaged.
23 Feb.
19. Thunderstorm Balasore, (1) 4 persons killed and 62 (1) In Keonjhar district 50 houses
(Severe) Cuttack, others injured. completely damaged.
14-16 Apr. Keonjhar and (2) 5 students injured when tiles (2) Several trees uprooted
Mayurbhanj. of roof of M.E. school fell on disrupting power supply.
them at Kantabania. (3) In Balasore district, standing
(3) 3 cattle heads perished. rabi crop and betel vines in
thousand acres of land badly
damaged.
(4) In Mayurbhanj district,
Kaptipoda and Suliapoda
blocks worst affected. Many
houses damaged and large
number of trees uprooted
disrupting vehicular and
20. Thunderstorm Puri 1 woman seriously injured in a (1) Several roof to ps of private and
(Severe) wall collapse. public buildings blown away.
22 Apr. (2) Standing Rabi crop damaged.
21. Thunderstorm Balasore - (1) Several thatched houses blown
(Severe) off.
23 Apr. (2) Several trees, electric /
telephone poles uprooted
snapping electric wire and
disrupting power supply.
(3) Vehicular traffic suspended for
hours together.
Contd….
1988 (Contd…)

Intensity/Period
22. Thunderstorm Puri (1) 2 students killed when wall of (1) 2 High schools damaged,
(Severe) High school collapsed at number of public/private
28 Apr. Sionora village. houses and shops damaged,
(2) 18 persons injured when the loss estimated to be around
blowing tin/asbestos sheet of Rs. 8 lakhs.
school/houses hit them. (2) About 500 families affected.
(3) Several cattle heads (3) Several trees, electric /
perished and reported telephone poles uprooted
missing. disrupting power / telecom-
munication system.
23. Thunderstorm Puri (1) 1 person killed due to wall -
(Severe) collapse at Konark Bazar in
13 May. Nimapara.
(2) 2 fishermen killed and 2
others injured in a boat
capsize in Devi river near
Astarang.
24. Thunderstorm Dhenkanal - (1) Roofs of several thatched
(Severe) houses in Angul area blown off.
3 June. (2) Walls of many houses
collapsed.
(3) Several trees uprooted
disrupting vehicular traffic.
(4) Number of electric/telephone
poles uprooted disrupting
power and telecommunication
system.
25. Thunderstorm Balasore 4 persons died and 4 reported -
(Severe) missing in Sarga and Jaleshwar
18 June. area when they went for fishing.
26. Hailsto rm Puri & (1) 7 persons injured. (1) Hailstones weighing 2-3 kg
(Heavy) Sambalpur (2) 1 person missing while reported at Nuagaon and
16 Feb. fishing in Mahananda river. Oragaon blocks while hailstone
weighing 100-150 gm reported
at Selpahra.
(2) In Sambalpur district, 135
houses damaged, number of
huts blown away and vegetable
crops badly damaged.
(3) In Puri district, 500 houses
damaged, Rabi and vegetable
crops in 20,000 acres and
sugarcane crops in 500 acres
damaged.
(4) Large number of trees uprooted
disrupting vehicular traffic.
Contd….
1988 (Contd…)

Intensity/Period
27. Hailstorm Cuttack & (1) 3 persons died and several (1) In Keonjhar district, in
(Heavy) Keonjhar others injured in Keonjhar Anandapur area ground
17 Feb. district, while 1 person and 3 reported covered upto 2 to 3
other injured in Cuttack feet with hailstones.
district. (2) In Cuttack district, 200 huts
(2) Several cattle heads damaged at Athgarh and Tigiria
perished. blocks.
(3) Extensive damage to
public/private houses and crops
and orchards reported, the loss
estimated worth several lakhs
rupees.
28. Hailstorm Ganjam - (1) Hailstone of tennis ball size
(Heavy) reported.
19-20 Feb. (2) Damage to crops in Hingili and
Bherampur area.
29. Hailstorm Cuttack - A roof of Konark Ceramic Industry
(Heavy) at Athgarh blown away causing
21 Feb. extensive damage to machine and
material of the industry.
30. Hailstorm Sambalpur - Damage to standing vegetable
(Moderate) crops reported.
28 Feb.
31. Hailstorm Cuttack 1 person and 2 childredn died. 600 houses collapsed at Jenapur
(Heavy) grampanchayat.
25 Apr.
32. Heavy rains Sambalpur - (1) Number of kutcha houses
29 July completely/partially damaged.
(2) Road link at several places
washed away.
(3) Several families shifted to safer
places.
33. Heavy rains Sambalpur - (1) Road links at several places
3 Aug. washed away.
(2) Power supply and
telecommunication services
completely disrupted.
34. Heavy rains Cuttack 1 person died at Balipatna village -
18 Aug. and another injured at
Pakhanipara village.
35. Heavy rains Balasore 5 persons died. Road link at several places
21 Sep. submerged.
36. Heavy rains Balasore 2 persons died and 2 injured at -
23 Sep. Bhandapakhari village.
1989
(1) Two severe cyclonic storms with cores of hurricane winds in the Bay of Bengal during 23rd to 27th May and 4th to 9th
November took a toll of 110 human lives and 8147 cattle heads in Andhra Pradesh, Orissa and West Bengal.
(2) Severe flood conditions prevailed over large areas of Orissa, and took a toll of over 1400 human lives.

Intensity/Period
1. Heat Wave Bolangir 1 person died and another -

(Severe) hospitalized due to sunstroke.
15 May.
2. Drought Entire state - (1) Ganjam, Kalahandi, Phulbani,
(April-May) Puri, Sambalpur, Sundargarh
district and also 33 tribal
villages in Koraput district were
worst affected.
(2) All ponds and reservoirs dried
up, Tel river also completely
dried up.
(3) About 15% of the existing
tubewells in Ganjam,
Kalahandi, Koraput and
Kandhamal districs dried up.
3. Squall (Severe) Cuttack (1) 5 persons died and 10 others (1) 217 villages affected.
13 May. injured. (2) 91 houses completely and
(2) 25 cattle heads perished. 1377 houses partially
damaged.
(3) 121 Govt. institutions badly
damaged.
(4) Coconut, Mango and Betel
plantation extensively
damaged.
4. Squall (Severe) Bolangir - (1) Large number of roof tops
17 May blown away.
(2) 87 electric/telephone poles
either uprooted or twisted.
5. Squall (Severe) Sambalpur 1 woman died and 12 others (1) Several trees uprooted.
17 May injured when a tree fell on them. (2) Large number of electric poles
uprooted/twisted disrupting
complete power supply.
6. Squall (Severe) Cuttack 1 person died in wall collapse in -
3 June Tikarpara village.
7. Squall (Severe) Keonjhar 2 persons died and 7 others Hundreds of houses including 7
30 May injured. buildings of different Govt. offices
and 1 school building damaged.
8. Lightning Cuttack 1 person died and 2 others -
29 Mar seriously injured in Komkaradia
village.
9. Lightning Cuttack 2 girls died and 2 others injured at -
18 May. Kainthapala village under
Rajkonika block.
Contd….
1989 (Contd…)

Intensity/Period
10. Lightning Puri 1 man and a woman died and 2 -

6 July others seriously injured at
Aruanha village.
11. Lightning Cuttack 2 persons died and 2 others -
7 Aug. injured due to electrocution while
working in field at Hatakaranda
village.
12. Lightning Cuttack (1) 7 persons died and 6 others -
9 Aug. injured.
(2) 2 bullocks perished.
13. Lightning Cuttack 11 persons injured. -
26 Aug.
14. Lightning Balasore 1 girl died at Bala village and 2 -
30 Aug. others injured at Jaleshwar.
15. Lightning Bolangir 2 children electrocuted. -
12 Sept.
16. Lightning Sambalpur 3 children died and 6 other -
28 Sept. persons injured at Dhubenchhpa
village.
17. Thunderstorm Puri 2 persons died and 3 others (1) Hundreds of thatched houses
(Severe) seriously injured at Bhapur. blown off.
27 Mar (2) Many trees uprooted.
(3) Electric and telephone lines
snapped at several places
disrupting power and
communication.
18. Thunderstorm Puri 1 student killed and 50 others (1) 8 villages affected.
(Severe) including teacher injured when a (2) 115 private houses and 5
22 & 23 Jul school building at Orei village public institutions either fully or
collapsed. partially damaged.
(3) Large number of trees
uprooted.
19. Hailstorm Ganjam (1) 1 woman died and 4 others Several houses damaged.
(Heavy) injured at Banda village.
29 Mar. (2) Large number of cattle heads
perished.
Contd….
1989 (Contd…)

Intensity/Period
20. Hailstorm Balasore, (1) 10 persons died and about (1) Hailstones weighing 200 gm to
(Heavy) Cuttack, 100 injured in Balasore 3 kg reported.
28 Apr. Mayurbhanj. district. (2) 1 lakh population in Balasore
(2) Hundreds of cattle heads district affected.
perished. (3) Paddy crop in 25000 hectares
of land damaged.
(4) Tile roofs of Kanpur M.E.
school in Cuttack district
damaged.
(5) In Balasore district, Mango
orchards and betel plantation
damaged.
(6) Large number of
telephone/electric poles
uprooted disrupting
telecommunication and power
supply completely.
21. Floods and rains (a) Balasore - (1) 158 villages with about 2.5 lakh
(Severe) population affected.
12-20 Jun (2) 20796 hectares of agricultural
land submerged.
(3) 42 houses totally/partially
damaged.
(4) Road/embankment breached at
11 places.
(b) Cuttack - (1) 163 villages with 1.89 lakhs

population affected.
(2) 9421 hectares of cultivated
land submerged.
(c) Puri - (1) 94 villages with population of

7270 affected.
(2) 29554 hectares of cultivated
land submerged.
(3) 1301 houses totally/partially
damaged. 109 school buildings
damaged.
(4) Roads/embankments breached
at 88 places. 31 culverts
damaged.
Contd….
1989 (Contd…)

Intensity/Period
22. Floods and Rains Balasore, 2 persons washes away in (1) More than 4 lakh people
(Severe) Cuttack, Budhabalang river at Batighati affected in Balasore and
(Baitarani, Keonjhar and village of Balasore. Cuttack districts.
Subarnarekha, Mayurbhanj (2) Standing crop in large track of
Budhabalang, low lying riverine areas
Jalka, Salandi and damaged.
their tributaries.) (3) Many roads either washed
2-6 Aug. away or submerged disrupting
vehicular traffic.
(4) About 1 lakh people in Cuttack
district shifted to safer places.
23. Heavy rains Cuttack - (1) Normal life paralysed.
11-12 Sept. (2) Low lying areas floods.
Whole year Entire state 2 human life lost -
24. Bay cyclonic storm Formation: 17 persons died in Orissa. In Orissa, Balasore and Cuttack
Severe (with a At Lat. 17.3°N districts worst affected.
core of hurricane Long. 90.5°E
winds) in central Bay.
23-27 May. Landfall
40 kms of
northeast of
Balasore.
Dissipation:
Over Gangetic
West Bengal.
25. Bay cyclonic storm Formation: 3 girls under Rajnagar block of (1) Cuttack and Puri districts worst
21-25 Jul Lat. 18°N Cuttack district washed way. affected.
Long. 88°E (2) In Cuttack district, 193 villages
Over central with population, 1.15 lakh
and adjoing affected. Standing crops in
northwest Bay. 12254 hectares damaged, 159
Landfall: roads damaged.
South of (3) In Puri district, 48 villages with
Kalingapatnam population 14586 affected.
Dissipation: (4) Crops in 4357 hectares
Over south damaged. 14 roads dam aged.
Pakistan and
neighbourhood.
1990
Severe flood conditions prevailed over large areas of Orissa.
S.No. Phenomena / Area/District Casualties Extent of Damage

Intensity / Period
1. Lightning Cuttack 1 girl electrocuted at -

19 Feb Kothigram village.
2. Lightning Ganjam 1 person died at Phalla village -
25 March in Beharampur.
3. Lightning (a) Cuttack 3 woman in Khetrapal village
2 Jun under Dharmasala police
station area seriously injured
due to electrocution.
(b) Kalahandi 6 cattle heads perished. 3 rooms of the house burnt due to
lightning at Kharilabisa.
4. Lightning Puri 10 cattle heads perished at -
19 Jul. Chitrasamil and Mandupara
village.
5. Lightning Dhenkanal 6 persons died and 25 others -
27 Aug injured at Machakuta village.
6. Lightning Puri 1 person died at Pathuria -
30 Aug village.
7. Lightning Kalahandi 3 persons died and another -
23 Sept. injured.
8. Lightning Puri 5 persons died and 2 others -
1 Oct injured at Badahotua of Puri
district.
9. Lightning Puri 2 persons died and 2 others -
9 Oct. injured.
10. Thunderstorm Koraput - (1) Large number of kutcha houses
(Moderate) damaged.
50 to 60 kmph (2) Roof tops of many thatched houses
17 Feb blown away.
(3) Several trees uprooted.
11. Thunderstorm Puri - (1) Few houses damaged.
(Moderate) (2) A school building at Benajedia
18 Feb. village badly damaged.
12. Thunderstorm Keonjhar - (1) Building of Balibarei Sanskriti
(Severe) school fully collapsed.
20 March (2) About 500 private houses including
school building damaged.
(3) Roof tops of Panchayat office
building, Anandanandpur barrage
office building and Mukteswar
temple blown off.
(4) Power supply disrupted, telephone
poles twisted and electrical lines
snapped at several places.
13. Hailstorms Sambalpur - (1) Many houses damaged at Bargarh.
(Heavy) (2) Extensive damage to crops
8 Apr. reported.
Contd…
1990 (Contd…)

Intensity / Period
14. Hailstorm Ganjam 3 women injured at (1) Several houses damaged.

(Heavy) Madhurapalli village. (2) Crops and plantations destroyed.
12 Apr. (3) Several trees uprooted.
15. Heavy rains Dhenkanal 3 persons died and 3 others -
02 June injured at Balatikri village due
to house collapse.
16. Heavy rains Balasore 2 fishermen missing. (1) 1600 villages in 9 blocks were
13-14 June affected.
(2) 38 houses completely and 546
houses partially damaged.
17. Floods and Rains Cuttack and 3 persons died Standing crops worth Rs. 5 crores
(Severe) Puri damaged.
19-25 Aug.
18. Floods and Rains Cuttack - (1) 150 school buildings totally
(Severe) damaged.
20-21 Aug. (2) 2000 acres of cultivated land in
Balliguda block submerged under
water.
(3) 500 houses damaged near Paradip
due to tidal inundation, affecting
25000 people.
(4) Road communication disrupted.
(5) Telephone and power supply lines
snapped at various places.
19. Heavy rains Balasore 2 persons washed away in -
05 Sept. flash flood in Sone rivulet.
20. Heavy rains Cuttack - (1) 6 villages in Cuttack district
6 Sept. marooned by flood water at
Mahanadi.
(2) Road communication cut off at
several places.
21. Heavy rains Kalahandi - Extensive damage to standing crop and
3-6 Oct. property reported.
22. Floods and Heavy Bolangir, 5 persons died. (1) 22,222 people in 331 villages in 7
Rains Balasore, blocks of Bolangir distric t affected.
(Severe) Kalahandi, (2) 25000 acres of cultivated land in
(Indravati and Koraput and Balasore and Bolangir districts
Subranarekha) Mayurbhanj submerged.
8-9 Oct (3) Large number of kutcha houses
damaged.
(4) Telecommunications and power
supply disrupted.
23. Heavy Rains Puri - (1) Number of houses damaged.
12 Oct. (2) Paddy crop in thousands of acres
of land submerged.
24. Heavy Rains Cuttack - (1) 6685 villages in 41 blocks affected.
3-6 Nov. (2) 492 houses completely and 30762
houses partially damaged.
(3) Roads, school buildings and
embankments damaged.
Contd…
1990 (Contd…)

Intensity / Period
25. Flash Flood Ganjam (1) 58 died and 13 missing.

(1) 6.5 lakh people in 753 villages in 17
3-6 Nov (2) About 28,000 cattle heads
blocks affected.
perished. (2) 70,000 houses damaged.
(3) 80,000 hectares of crop damaged.
(4) 700 km of road, 5 major bridges
and 88 culverts completely
damaged.
26. Heavy rains Puri 6 persons died. (1) 9 lakh people in 2300 villages in 29
3-6 Nov blocks affected.
(2) Large number of buildings
damaged.
27. Flash Floods Ganjam (1) 159 persons died. (1) About 12 lakh people affected.
12-13 Nov (2) Thousands of cattle (2) Paddy and Sugar crop in the area
heads washed away. of 80000 hectares of land
damaged.
(3) About 750 lift irrigation points
damaged.
1991
Severe flood conditions prevailed over many parts of Orissa.

Intensity / Period
1. Squall (Severe) Cuttack 23 persons injured. (1) Roof tops of several thatched
8 Apr houses blown off.
(2) Several telephone/electrical poles
uprooted disrupting completely
telecommunication services and
power supply.
2. Lightning Cuttack 1 person died. -
8 Apr
3. Lightning Koraput 2 persons died at Gunupur -
10 Apr town.
4. Lightning Dhenkanal (1) 1 person died. -
12 Apr (2) 2 cattle heads perished at
Mugupada village.
5. Lightning Cuttack 1 boy died at Nurugan village -
19 Jul under Rajanagar block
6. Lightning Cuttack 11 persons electrocuted. -
22 Jul
7. Lightning Ganjam 2 persons died at Nadigaon -
21 Sept village.
8. Lightning Puri 1 person died at Golapakhari -
26 Sept. village.
9. Thundrestorm Puri - Standing vegetable crop in extensive
(Moderate) areas damaged.
7 Mar
10. Thunderstorm Puri - (1) Roof tops of several houses blown
(Severe) off in Khandapara block.
9 Apr (2) Large number of trees/electric
poles uprooted, disrupting power
supply.
11. Thunderstorm Bhubaneshwar - Electric power supply disrupted at
(Moderate) several places.
10 Apr
12. Thunderstorm Cuttack 1 person died. (1) Roof tops of several thatched
(Severe) houses blown off.
11 Apr (2) Telephone and electric lines
completely disrupted at Jaipur
road town area.
13. Thunderstorm Cuttack - (1) Roof tops of several houses blown
(Severe) off.
19 Apr (2) Electric wires snapped at several
places causing fire.
(3) Large number of trees uprooted.
14. Hailstorm Keonjhar Several birds perished. (1) Large number of houses damaged
(Heavy) rendering 600 families homeless.
2 Feb. (2) Several trees uprooted.
Contd…
1991 (Contd…)

Intensity / Period
15. Hailstorm Keonjhar and Several cattle heads perished. (1) Roof tops of large number of
(Heavy) Manyurbhanj thatched houses blown off.
2 Mar (2) Several houses damaged.
(3) Standing vegetables and other
crops in several hundreds of acres
of land damaged.
16. Hailstorm Chhatarpur - (1) 50 villages affected.
(Moderate) (2) 90% of rabi crop affected.
5 & 6 Mar
17. Hailstorm (Heavy) Sambalpur 211 cattle heads perished. -
12 Mar
18. Hailstorm (Heavy) Puri - Standing rabi crop and vegetable crop
2 Apr damaged at Bhapur and Khandapara.
19. Hailstorm (Heavy) Balasore - Roof tops of several tiled and asbestos
6 Apr houses damaged in Jaleshwar area.
20. Hailstorm (Heavy) Balasore - Standing rabi crop in large areas
7 Apr damaged in Bhagrei.
21. Hailstorm Cuttack - Standing paddy crop in vast areas
(Heavy) damaged.
8 Apr
22. Hailstorm Balasore and (1) 1 person died. (1) Hail stones weighing 2 kgs
(Heavy) Cuttack (2) Several cattle headsreported.
11, 12 Apr injured. (2) Several thatched houses damaged.
(3) Standing vegetable and other crops
in extensive areas damaged.
(4) Telephone and electric supply
between Chandbali and Bhadrak
disrupted.
23. Hailstorm Keonjhar (1) 5 persons seriously (1) About 300 houses damaged.
(Heavy) injured. (2) Angaruon village primary school
12 Apr (2) Several cattle heads and M.E. school building damaged.
injured. (3) Several telephone/electric poles
and trees uprooted.
24. Hailstorm Dhenkanal - (1) Hailstones weighing 150-200 gm
(Heavy) reported.
19 Apr (2) Roof tops of several thatched
houses blown off, tiles and
asbestos roofs damaged at various
places.
(3) Standing paddy and vegetable crop
extensively damaged.
Contd…
1991 (Contd…)

Intensity / Period
25. Hailstorm a) Cuttack 1 person died (1) Roof tops of several thatched
(Heavy) houses and asbestos roofs and
6 May tiled roof tops of few houses blown
off.
(2) Vegatable crop extensively
damaged.
(b) Dhenkanal 2 persons electrocuted. (1) Roof tops of several thatched

houses blown off.
(2) Asbestos roof tops of Narayanpur
school and tiled roof tops of Chatia
school damaged.
(3) Electric supply completely
disrupted.
26. Hailstorm Keonjhar - (1) Roof tops of several houses blown
(Heavy) off,
9 May (2) Standing crop badly damaged.
(3) Trees and electric/telephone poles
uprooted and disrupting power and
27. Hailstorm Ganjam 1 person died and another -
(Heavy) injured in Dhanapeth village.
24 May
28. Hailstorm Sambalpur - Rabi crop in Kolabira damaged.
(Moderate)
24 Dec
29. Heavy rain Cuttack - Saline water inundated in vast areas
28-31 Apr damaging jute, rabi and vegetable crop.
30. Heavy rains Ganjam - (1) Road communication disrupted in
18 Jul Ghumsur and Phulbani.
(2) A Culvert on river Jarav near
Surada washed away.
31. Heavy Rains Cuttack 6 out of 7 crew members of -
29 Jul fishing trawler missing when a
vessel capsized.
32. Severe Flood Balasore 1 person died. (1) 172 villages and vast area of paddy
(Baitarani and its land submerged.
tributaries) (2) 80 houses either partially or fully
29 Jul damaged.
Contd…
1991 (Contd…)

Intensity / Period
33. Severe flood Balasore, (1) 8 persons died. (1) In Kalahandi district vast areas of
(Baitarni & Cuttack, (2) 40 workers working in the paddy land submerged.
Indravati) Ganjam, tunnel of Indravati hydel (2) In Cuttack district, 1535 villages
30 & 31 Jul Kalahandi, project at Mukhiguda in under 9 blocks affected while in
Koraput and Kalahandi district died. Puri district 70 villages marooned.
Sambalpur (3) Several cattle heads (3) In Balasore distric t, about 50
swept away in Koraput villages under Aska Police station
district. either fully or partially destroyed.
(4) 40000 acres of paddy land
submerged.
(5) Rural roads extensively damaged.
Bhubaneshwar, Bhawanipatna
National Highway No. 6 cut off at
Narla.
(6) Railway line at Kabisuryanapara
submerged.
(7) In Koraput district, 15000 people
affected and a road bridge
collapsed.
(8) In Kalahandi district, road
communication badly hit due to 4
major breaches on important road
linking the district to the other part
of the state.
34. Heavy rains Sambalpur - 60 houses in low lying areas
1 Aug submerged and large number of
families affected.
35. Severe flood Ganjam 1 woman swept away. (1) About 3 lakh people affected.
(Badanadi) (2) Hundreds of houses either
13 Aug collapsed or partially damaged
(3) Vast areas of crop land
submerged.
(4) Large number of minor irrigation
and lift irrigation projects and
buildings of the irrigation
department damaged.
36. Severe flood Keonjhar Several cattle heads perished. (1) Vegetable and other crops
(Baitarani, extensively damaged.
Samakoe and (2) Vast areas of crop land sand cast.
Kusei) (3) Several minor irrigation and lift
13 Aug irrigation projects damaged.
37. Severe Flood Cuttack 10 persons died. (1) Several lakhs of people in 41
(Mahanadi, blocks affected.
Kathjodi) (2) 116000 hectares of paddy land
16 Aug 12473 hectares of non paddy land
submerged.
(3) 3 lakhs hectares of Agricultural
land with standing crops
extensively damaged.
(4) 29000 houses collapsed.
Contd…
1991 (Contd…)

Intensity / Period
38. Severe flood Puri 22 persons washed away (1) About 5 lakhs people affected.
(Bhargavi and when a boat capsized near (2) Road communication disrupted at
Dhanua) Sakhigopa. several places.
16 Aug
39. Severe flood Balasore 16 cattle heads swept away in (1) 2 lakhs people affected.
(Baitarni, Koila, Dhanangar block (2) Several hectares of standing paddy
Kapila) and other vegetable crops
17 Aug submerged.
40. Severe F\flood Phulbani (1) 1 woman washed away in (1) Thousands of people affected.
27 Aug Laximinala in Harbhanga (2) Standing paddy crops damaged.
block. (3) Hundreds of lift irrigation projects
(2) 12 cattle heads perished. damaged.
(4) Road communication disrupted at
several placed due to breaches.
Whole year 1,095 million (1) 54 persons died. (1) Crops worth Rs. 83, 668 damaged.
hectares (2) 1,569 cattle heads lost. (2) 1,08,084 houses worth Rs. 12,279
crores damaged.
(3) Public utilities worth Rs. 251,588
crores damaged.
1992
Severe flood conditions prevailed over large areas of Orissa.

Intensity / Period
1. Drought Bolangir - Over 50% of paddy and other crops

Sept-Oct affected.
2. Lightning Cuttack and - 6 persons died.
23-25 Jul Ganjam
3. Thunderstorm Balasore and 5 persons died and many Extensive damage to private and public
(Severe) Cuttack other injured. property reported.
2 May
4. Thunderstorm Balasore and 9 persons died and 10 -
(Severe) Cuttack others injured.
4 May
5. Hailstorm Sambalpur - Rabi crop badly damaged.
(Moderate)
7 Jan
6. Hailstorm (Heavy) Puri - (1) Several houses razed to ground.
2 Jan (2) Roof of a school building collapsed.
(3) Many trees/electric poles uprooted.
7. Flood and Heavy Balasore and 5 persons died. -
Rains Cuttack
(Heavy Rains)
2 May
8. Heavy Rains Balasore, (1) 16 persons died. (1) 18 lakh people affected.
17 Jun Cuttack, (2) 60 fishermen (2) Many low lying areas submerged.
Ganjam and reported missing. (3) 500 houses collapsed.
Puri (3) 1000 cattle heads (4) Thousands of electric poles and
perished. transformers damaged.
(5) Several trees uprooted causing
complete disruption of vehicular traffic.
9. Rains (Severe) Ganjam 1 person drowned. (1) 45000 people in 53 Grampanchayat of
(Jahooja) 151 villages under 9 blocks rendered
21 Jun homeless.
(2) 3100 houses damaged.
(3) Extensive damage to crop like
vegetables, sugarcane and betel nut
plantation reported.
10. Heavy rains Cuttack and 7 persons died. (1) 6 power transmission towers damaged.
24 Jun Puri (2) Damages estimated to worth Rs. 70
lakhs.
Contd…
1992 (Contd…)

Intensity / Period
11. Heavy rains Balasore, 1 person died and 5 (1) Road communication between
26 & 27 Jul Cuttack, others injured in a wall Bhubaneshwar and Bhanjanagar via
Ganjam, collapse. Belaguntha cut off, following damage
Koraput to a bridge over river Loharkhandi
near Bhanjanagar.
(2) Operational work of Paradeep port
affected.
12. Floods and Heavy Balasore, (1) 12 persons died. (1) 8 lakh people affected.
Rains Bolangir, (2) 50 persons died (2) Several villages marooned.
(Severe) Cuttack, when the truck in (3) Crops in 30,000 acres of land
(Mahanadi and its Ganjam, which they were damaged.
tributaries) Kalahandi, traveling plunged into (4) Several roads damaged in Bolangir,
17 Aug to 3 Sept. Koraput, a flooded river near Kalahandi and Phulbani district.
Phulbani and Dhadra village.
Puri.
Whole year 0.062 million (1) 43 human lives lost. (1) Crop worth Rs. 37,1000 crores
hectare. (2) 1397 cattle heads damaged.
lost. (2) 1,66,000 houses worth Rs. 13.28
crores damaged.
(3) Public utilities worth Rs. 185 crores
damaged.
1993

Intensity / Period
1. Drought Bolangir, - Kharif crop dried up in the second

Aug 1 st week Ganjam, fortnight of July.
Kalahandi,
Koraput,
Phulbani and
Sundargarh.
2. Lightning Koraput 2 persons died at -
25 Apr Ramjipat in Bandhagam
block.
3. Lightning Balasore 2 fishermen killed and 2 -
15 Aug others received burn
injuries near Chandamani
fishing base.
4. Thunderstorm Balasore 2 persons died at Several hundred houses damaged.
(Severe) Dhamnagar block and 1 at
16 May Third block.
5. Hailstorm Puri 10 persons injured. (1) 600 families rendered homeless.
(Heavy) (2) Heavy loss of public property
26 Mar reported.
6. Hailstorm Koraput - 35 houses completely and 150 houses
(Moderate) partially damaged at Zenipet Panchayat.
25 Apr
1994

Intensity / Period
1. Lightning Bolangir 1 person died at Godpipri -

6 Sept village.
2. Thunderstorm Cuttack 10 persons injured at (1) 200 houses completely damaged.
(Severe) Kujang block of (2) 100 trees uprooted.
3 Jul Jagatsingpur (3) Electric and telecommunication
services disrupted.
3. Hailstorm (Heavy) Puri (1) 2 persons severely (1) Hundreds of people rendered
9 Mar injured at Jaipatna homeless.
Grampanchayat. (2) Telephone and electricity lines
(2) Many cattle heads snapped.
perished.
4. Floods and Heavy Balasore, 5 persons died. (1) 10.2 lakh people and 1100 villages
Rains Bolangir, affected.
(Severe flood) Cuttack, (2) Standing crops in 94,000 hectares of
Jul 2 nd week Kalahandi, land damaged.
Puri, (3) Vehicular traffic between Cuttack-
Sambalpur, Paradip, Bhubaneshwar-Bank and
Sundargarh. Jahrsuguda-Sundargarh completely
disrupted.
5. Flash flood Cuttack 3 persons died. (1) 100 houses damaged.
29, 30 Aug (2) High level bridges on Bhubaneshwar-
Bolangir road washed away.
(3) Road communication disrupted.
(4) Many areas submerged under flood
water.
6. Severe Flood Entire State (1) 72 persons died. (1) More than 30 lakh people affected.
(Mahanadi) (2) 90 cattle heads (2) In Koraput district, 100 houses
Entire Sept. perished. collapsed. 10,000 hectares of paddy
field submerged. Roads in 15
Grampanchayats badly damaged.
Newly constructed bridges at
Dumkanguda and Girligumma
washed away.
(3) In Puri district, thousands of people in
37 villages rendered homeless.
10,000 acres of cropped land
submerged.
(4) In Cuttack district, 21,000 hectares of
paddy land submerged. 137 villages
affected. 300 houses collapsed.
1995
A severe cyclonic storm with a core of hurricane winds occurred in the Bay of Bengal during 7-10 November and took a
toll of 51 human lives in Andhra, Orissa and West Bengal. Property worth Rs. 90 crores damaged in Andhra Pradesh,
while property worth Rs. 700 crores damaged in Orissa. Total crop area of 4.07 lakh hectares damaged.

Intensity / Period
1. Heat Wave Orissa 9 persons died. -

(Severe) (Interior)
7-9 Jun
2. Lightning Ganjam 2 persons injured. -
7 Jul
3. Lightning Mayurbhanj A young man died and 3 -
20 Aug others injured at village
Satsagodia, under
Rasgeri police station.
4. Lightning Balsore 3 girls died and 2 others -
26 Sep injured at Chasakhand
village.
5. Floods and Heavy Orissa 8 persons died due to (1) Many people rendered homeless.
Rains (Entire State) house collapse. (2) Hundreds of mud houses razed to
(Severe Flood) the ground.
8-10 May (3) In Ganjam , 200 villages inundated
and thousands of people marooned.
(4) Road link between all southern
districts disrupted due to the
breaches on National Highway at
Hama and Ichhapur.
(5) Extensive damage to crops reported.
6. Severe Floods 21 districts 39 persons died and 4 (1) Ganjam district worst affected.
14-16 May including others missing. (2) 50.24 lakh people affected.
Balasore, (3) Crops in 2.24 lakhs of hectares
Boudh, damaged.
Cuttack, (4) 1,135 schools and public buildings
Dhenkanal, and 77,000 private houses damaged.
Ganjam. (5) 592 breaches occurred in different
Jagatsinghpur, rivers and canals.
Jajpur, (6) Damage to crops, estimated to worth
Kendrapara, Rs. 88.39 crores.
Keonjhar,
Khurda,
Koraput,
Nawarangpur,
Nayagarh and
Puri
7. Heavy rains Bolangir and - (1) 90 thatched houses damaged.
18-23 Jul Koraput (2) Several roads and bridges washed
away disrupting road communication.
(3) Number of irrigation tanks breached.
(4) Vast areas of agricultural crops
flooded.
Contd…
1995 (Contd…)

Intensity / Period
8. Heavy rains Khurda - A bridge over Khurda Bhograra road

2 Aug collapsed.
9. Severe Flood Keonjhar - (1) 104 villages under 12
(Baitarni) Grampanchayat in 3 blocks of
8-10 Aug Anandpur affected.
(2) Extensive damage to crop reported.
(3) Embankments of river Baitarni
breached at Samna, Habakswar,
Agira, Salabari and Jamdhira.
10. Severe Flood Bhadrak - (1) 2.5 lakh people in 4 blocks affected.
(Baitarni) (2) Thousands of hectares of crop land
15 and 16 Aug inundated.
(3) 3,000 houses in 187 villages
collapsed.
(4) Crop in 18,000 hectares of area
damaged.
(5) 10 wooden bridges washed away.
(6) 20 irrigation tanks breached.
11. Severe Flood Jajpur - (1) 200 villages affected.
16 & 17 Aug (2) 50,000 hectares of Agricultural land
inundated.
12. Heavy Rains Cuttack - (1) Low lying areas submerged.
7-10 Oct (2) Extensive damage to Rabi crop
reported.
(3) Several thatched houses razed to
ground.
13. Heavy Rains Kendrapara - (1) Many low lying areas inundated.
7-11 Oct (2) Rainwater entered in many houses.
14. Heavy Rains Gajapati - (1) Low lying areas inundated.
8-14 Oct (2) Cropland submerged.
15. Heavy Rains Ganjam - (1) Paddy crop in 786 hectares of crop
8-17 Oct land submerged.
(2) More than 1000 mud houses
collapsed.
(3) The crop in 395 hectares of area
damaged.
Floods and Heavy 15.76 lakh (1) 71 human lives lost. (1) Crop in 15.02 lakh hectates of land
Rains hectares (2) 372 cattle heads damaged.
(Whole year) perished. (2) 1,85,225 houses damaged.
Contd…
1995 (Contd…)

Intensity / Period
16. Cyclonic storm Formation: (1) 19 persons died. (1) Districts affected Balasore, Cuttack,
(Severe cyclonic At Lat. 13.50N (2) 113 fishermen Gajapati and Ganjam.
storm with a core and Long. missing. (2) Paddy and other crops worth Rs. 453
of hurricane winds) 87.5 0E at 0300 (3) 20 people seriously crores destroyed.
7-10 Nov. UTC on 8 Nov. injured in Ganjam. (3) Betel vines in 3200 hectares of land
Landfall: damaged.
South of (4) Ganjam and Gajapati districts
Gopalpur remained without power and water
between 0400 supply for three consecutive days.
to 0500 UTC (5) Property worth Rs. 700 crores
on 9 th Nov. damaged.
Dissipation: (6) In Balasore district 6.71 lakh people
Over north in 12 blocks affected. 1,62,810
Bihar plains by hectares of cultivated land affected.
10th November 319 school buildings and 2405
evening. houses destroyed.
(7) 2,500 boats damaged.
1996
A severe drought occurred over the entire state of Orissa during August and September in which crops withered. Kharif
crop mainly paddy suffered 50-80% loss in 23 districts of the state. Over 2 lakh people migrated to other regions in
search of work.

Intensity / Period
1. Heat Wave Koraput 3 persons died and 2 Day temperature shot upto 48 0C.
(Severe) others hospitalized at
29 May Jeypore.
2. Heat Wave Rayagada 3 persons died. -
(Severe)
29 May
3. Drought Whole state - (1) In Ganjam district, half of the crop
(Severe) lost in 114 blocks. Bolangir district
Sept. was worst affected. Paddy crop
withered in Sambalpur. 50% paddy
crop withered.
(2) Kharif crop mainly paddy suffered 50-
80% loss in 23 districts of the state
and the remaining 7 districts reported
crop loss below 50% level, even in
regions having irrigation facilities crop
loss expected to be over 40%.
(3) Over 2 lakh people including
marginal farmers migrated to other
regions in search of work.
(4) 1.52 lakh people provided relief.
15,000 people provided emergency
feeding.
4. Lightning Sambalpur 2 women died and 6 -
12 Sep. others injured at Jaipur
village under Buden police
station.
5. Thunderstorm Ganjam 1 person died. -
(Severe)
19 May
6. Thunderstorm Kalahandi - Several trees/electric poles uprooted
(Severe) disrupting power supply at Bhawanipatna
Jun 2 nd week and Junagarh.
7. Heavy rains Koraput - In Kundra, Jeypore, Kotpad, Laximum
23 Jul areas:
(1) 200 thacthed houses damaged.
(2) Kharif crop over 1000 hectares
submerged/washed away.
TABLE - I
Mean Wind Speed (kmph) and Predominant Wind Direction
STATION JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC ANNUAL
ORISSA
a 3.8 5.0 5.7 7.5 7.9 7.8 7.1 5.9 5.7 4.5 3.5 4.3 5.7
Angul m C/W C/W C/W C/E/W C/E C/W C/W C/W C/W C/W C/W W/NW C/W
e C/E C/W C/W W S W W W C/W C/E C/N C/N C/W
a 4.4 5.4 8.0 10.6 11.4 9.0 8.5 7.7 6.0 4.7 4.4 4.2 7.0
Balasore m N N SW/N SW SW SW SW SW SW N N N/NW SW/N
e C/SE SE SE/S S/SE S/SE S SW/S S/SW/SE S C/S C C/Var SE/S/C
a 1.4 2.0 2.8 3.6 4.0 2.7 1.9 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.3 2.1
Baripada m C/N C/N C/N C/S C/S C/S C/SW C/Var C/N C/N C/N C/N C/N
e C C/SE C/SE SE SE C/SE/S C/SE/S C/SE C/Var C C C C/SE
a 4.5 4.4 5.1 6.6 6.8 6.6 4.9 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.9 5.1 5.2
Bhawanipatna m S S S S S S S S S S S S S
e N N N N N N S/N S/N N/S N N N N
a 7.3 9.1 12.8 19.1 18.8 14.7 12.5 11.6 9.6 7.6 7.7 7.1 11.5
Bhubaneswar (A) m NE/C C/NE SW SW SW SW SW SW SW C/NE N/NE NE/N SW
e E S S SW/S S/SW SW SW SW SW/S E E E S/SW
a 3.4 3.9 5.1 5.8 6.6 6.6 6.7 5.8 4.9 3.7 3.2 3.0 4.9
Bolangir m N N N S S S S S S S N N S
e N/C N N/C N/S S S S S S C/S C/N C/N S/N/C
a 5.5 6.7 9.8 14.0 15.4 11.9 10.0 9.5 8.0 5.3 5.1 4.9 8.8
Chandbali m N N SW SW/S S/SW S/SW SW/S S/SW S N N N SW
e E SE SE/S S S S S S S C/E E/C E S
a 3.8 4.7 7.0 9.1 10.5 7.8 7.6 6.3 5.9 5.3 3.7 3.3 6.3
Cuttack m C/Var C/Var C/S C/S C/S C/S C/W C/W C/W C/W C/N C/W C/S/W
e C/Var C/S S S S C/S C/SW C/S/SW C/S C/Var C/Var C C/S
a 9.6 11.6 15.3 19.6 19.6 16.1 14.4 12.6 10.8 9.2 9.3 9.7 13.2
Gopalpur m N N SW SW SW/S SW SW SW C/SW N/NW N N SW/N
e E S S/SW SW SW/S SW SW SW SW/S E/S E E SW/S
a 5.3 6.1 6.6 7.2 7.5 8.8 8.2 7.9 6.2 5.1 5.5 5.2 6.6
Jharsuguda m NE NE NE C/S SE/S W/SW W/SW W/SW C/W NE NE NE NE
e C/SW C/W W W W W W/SW W/SW W C/NE C/NE C/NE C/W
Contd…
TABLE - I (Contd……….)
Mean Wind Speed (kmph) and Predominant Wind Direction
ORISSA
a 3.2 4.2 4.6 5.7 5.8 6.8 6.4 5.6 4.9 4.2 3.2 3.2 4.8
Keonjhargarh m C/NE C/NE/W C/W C/W C/SE C/W C/W/SW C/W C/SW C/Var C/N C/N C/W
e C/W C/W C/W C/SW C/SE/SW W SW W C/SW C/Var C/W C/W C/W
a 4.6 - - 2.0 14.2 12.9 13.9 3.2 5.4 2.0 2.0 14.0 7.4
Koraput m SE SE SE/SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SE SE SW
e NW NW NW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW N NW SW
a 10.7 12.2 14.8 18.0 18.5 17.1 16.4 15.2 14.1 10.1 10.0 9.5 13.9
Paradip
Port (CWR) m N N SW SW SW SW SW SW SW N N N SW
e E S S/SW SW SW/S SW SW SW SW/S E NE NE SW/S
a 1.5 2.1 2.6 3.5 3.3 3.8 3.7 3.3 2.4 1.5 1.3 1.3 2.5
Phulbani m C C C C C C/Var C/SW C/Var C C C C C
e C C C C/SE C C C C C C C C C
a 10.6 13.7 17.7 21.8 21.0 19.9 19.0 17.2 14.9 9.3 8.9 9.0 15.3
Puri m N SW/N SW SW SW SW SW SW SW N N N SW
e SE S/SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW S SE SE SW
a 2.7 3.7 4.1 4.7 6.0 6.7 6.0 5.3 4.6 3.3 3.1 2.7 4.4
Sambalpur m C/NE C/NE C/NE C/S/SW C/SW SW/C SW/C SW/C C/SW C/NE C/NE C/NE C/SW
e C/N C/N C/Var C/SN C/S C/SW C/SW C/SW C/SW C/Var C/Var C/N C/SW
a 3.3 3.4 3.9 4.3 4.0 4.8 4.5 3.9 3.4 2.9 2.8 2.6 3.7
Titlagarh m SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW NE NE/SW/SE SW
e NE NE NE SW/NE SW/NE SW SW SW SW NE NE NE NE/SW
Sub-Div. Means a 5.0 6.1 7.9 9.6 10.7 9.6 8.9 7.5 6.6 5.0 4.7 5.3 7.2
a Mean wind speed in kms per hour. Var Variable.

m Predominant wind direction in the morning. C Calm.
e Predominant wind direction in the evening.
TABLE - II
MEAN DAILY MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM TEMPERATURE (0C)
ORISSA
Max 27.3 30.9 35.3 38.9 39.9 36.3 32.0 31.4 31.8 31.6 29.4 27.1 32.7
Angul
Min 13.9 17.0 20.3 23.5 25.6 25.6 24.4 24.0 23.6 21.5 17.1 13.9 20.9
Max 27.1 29.7 33.6 36.1 35.9 34.3 32.1 31.7 32.0 31.7 29.9 27.3 31.8
Balasore
Min 13.9 16.9 21.0 24.0 25.4 25.8 25.4 25.5 25.1 22.8 18.2 14.2 21.5
Max 27.2 30.4 35.3 38.3 38.2 35.4 32.4 32.0 32.4 32.0 30.0 27.3 32.6
Baripada
Min 12.6 15.7 20.2 24.1 25.6 26.1 25.5 25.3 24.8 22.1 17.2 12.8 21.0
Max 28.9 32.2 36.6 39.7 40.9 36.3 31.1 30.6 31.5 31.5 29.6 27.9 33.1
Bhawanipatna
Min 13.2 17.2 21.2 25.6 27.1 25.8 24.2 23.9 23.7 21.1 16.8 13.2 21.1
Bhubaneshwar Max 28.3 31.3 34.9 36.9 37.4 35.3 32.0 31.6 32.0 31.8 30.2 28.2 32.5
(A) Min 15.6 18.5 22.2 24.9 26.2 26.0 25.1 25.0 24.7 22.8 19.0 15.3 22.1
Max 27.6 31.0 35.4 39.3 40.8 36.1 30.7 30.2 30.8 30.8 28.6 26.4 32.3
Bolangir
Min 15.7 18.5 22.5 26.4 27.9 26.4 24.5 24.7 24.8 23.1 19.1 15.3 22.4
Max 27.3 29.9 33.8 36.4 36.4 34.5 31.8 31.5 31.8 31.6 30.0 27.5 31.9
Chandbali
Min 13.8 17.0 20.8 24.0 25.2 25.2 24.7 24.9 24.7 22.9 18.3 13.7 21.3
Max 28.8 31.8 35.5 37.7 38.1 35.7 32.5 32.1 32.6 32.8 30.9 28.7 33.1
Cuttack
Min 15.7 18.5 22.0 24.7 26.0 25.8 24.9 25.1 24.9 23.1 19.3 15.3 22.1
Max 27.5 29.1 30.6 31.1 32.4 32.6 31.1 31.4 32.0 31.7 30.0 28.0 30.6
Gopalpur
Min 16.9 19.5 22.6 24.7 26.5 26.6 25.8 25.7 25.5 23.5 19.7 16.6 22.8
Max 27.7 30.7 35.6 40.1 41.3 36.9 31.5 31.1 32.1 32.2 30.2 27.6 33.1
Jhars uguda
Min 12.2 15.0 19.3 24.1 26.7 26.3 24.6 24.5 24.3 21.4 16.2 12.1 20.6
Max 25.9 28.8 33.3 37.2 37.6 34.2 30.3 29.8 30.3 30.0 27.0 25.7 30.9
Keonjhargarh
Min 11.7 14.5 18.8 22.5 24.2 24.2 23.4 23.4 22.7 20.1 15.8 12.2 19.5
Max 24.6 27.8 31.6 33.0 34.3 30.9 25.5 26.0 26.8 27.2 25.3 24.4 28.1
Koraput
Min 10.1 13.4 17.2 20.4 21.4 20.5 18.6 18.4 18.8 17.7 13.6 10.4 16.7
Max 27.2 28.7 30.8 31.9 32.8 32.6 31.4 31.3 31.7 31.6 30.1 27.8 30.7
Paradip Port
Min 15.7 18.7 22.4 24.8 25.9 26.1 25.3 25.5 25.6 24.0 20.0 15.7 22.5
Max 26.7 29.9 34.2 37.9 39.0 34.7 29.8 29.3 30.1 29.9 28.0 26.1 31.3
Phulbani
Min 8.8 11.8 15.5 19.9 22.8 23.3 22.2 21.8 21.2 18.2 12.6 8.2 17.2
Max 27.1 28.6 30.6 31.2 32.3 32.5 31.1 31.5 32.0 31.8 30.1 27.9 30.6
Puri
Min 17.3 20.5 24.1 25.9 27.0 26.8 26.2 26.1 26.1 24.6 20.8 17.2 23.6
Max 27.3 30.2 34.5 39.3 41.0 37.0 31.5 31.2 32.1 31.9 29.8 27.3 32.7
Sambalpur
Min 12.6 15.5 19.0 23.3 26.3 26.3 24.9 24.7 24.3 21.7 16.9 12.5 20.7
Max 30.0 33.4 37.8 41.3 43.2 39.1 33.5 32.7 32.9 33.5 31.6 29.7 34.9
Titlagarh
Min 13.8 16.8 20.8 23.8 26.3 25.0 24.1 23.9 23.9 22.3 17.4 13.3 20.9
Sub-Div. Max 27.4 30.3 34.1 36.8 37.7 35.0 31.2 30.9 31.5 31.4 29.5 27.3 31.9
Means. Min 13.7 16.8 20.6 23.9 25.7 25.4 24.3 24.3 24.0 21.9 17.5 13.6 21.0
TABLE - III
MEAN RELATIVE HUMIDITY (%)
ORISSA
M 76 72 68 68 67 74 82 83 83 79 73 73 75
Angul
E 49 41 37 37 42 62 77 79 78 66 53 48 56
M 68 66 67 70 71 78 84 84 82 76 68 66 73
Balasore
E 62 63 64 69 72 75 80 82 81 78 70 65 72
M 70 66 61 66 70 79 85 86 84 77 70 69 74
Baripada
E 57 53 50 56 63 76 85 86 85 76 64 60 68
M 62 57 48 44 47 66 80 82 79 74 69 65 64
Bhawanipatna
E 38 36 29 28 31 58 75 77 73 64 52 44 50
M 71 72 72 70 70 76 85 86 84 79 69 66 75
Bhubaneshwar (A)
E 50 50 53 60 61 70 82 83 82 73 61 51 65
M 68 62 55 50 52 69 84 84 82 76 70 69 68
Bolangir
E 48 41 37 32 33 57 79 80 77 67 59 52 55
M 72 75 75 74 75 80 85 85 84 80 74 71 78
Chandbali
E 59 61 61 64 68 76 82 82 82 76 67 60 70
M 77 75 74 71 71 75 83 84 81 76 72 72 76
Cuttack
E 53 49 50 57 59 69 80 80 78 69 60 55 63
M 78 77 79 83 81 82 86 85 84 82 78 76 81
Gopalpur
E 72 77 83 87 84 84 87 85 83 76 68 66 79
M 67 59 45 42 48 68 86 87 83 74 67 68 66
Jharsuguda
E 43 35 25 21 26 54 78 80 76 62 51 46 50
M 66 63 57 55 63 75 84 86 84 78 68 66 70
Keonjhargarh
E 56 50 44 45 53 71 82 85 83 75 62 58 64
M 70 66 58 61 59 71 85 84 84 80 74 72 72
Koraput
E 54 49 41 44 47 66 84 83 82 73 66 60 62
M 78 78 79 81 81 83 86 86 83 80 77 76 81
Paradip Port
E 71 75 80 84 83 83 86 85 83 78 73 69 79
M 77 71 61 53 56 69 82 84 82 80 78 78 73
Phulbani
E 56 47 38 36 43 64 80 83 81 74 69 61 61
M 75 77 79 83 83 84 87 86 83 78 73 71 80
Puri
E 71 76 81 85 84 85 87 86 83 76 68 84 79
M 67 60 52 47 49 67 83 85 81 74 69 68 67
Sambalpur
E 49 42 34 31 31 54 78 80 77 67 59 53 55
M 61 58 54 53 51 68 82 83 80 77 69 64 67
Titlagarh
E 50 45 42 36 38 58 77 79 76 69 60 52 57
Sub.Div. M 71 68 64 63 64 74 84 85 83 78 72 70 73
Means E 55 52 50 51 54 68 81 82 80 72 63 58 64
M : Morning
E : Evening
TABLE - IV
MEAN CLOUD AMOUNT ** (OKTA OF THE SKY) AND MEAN NUMBER OF DAYS OF
CLEAR AND OVERCAST SKIES AT 0830 HOURS IST
ORISSA
a 22 17 19 16 15 5 1 0 2 10 18 20 12.1
Angul b 3 4 3 3 3 12 16 16 12 7 3 3 7.1
c 1.8 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.4 5.4 6.5 6.5 5.7 3.7 2.2 1.7 3.5
a 17 13 13 8 5 1 1 1 1 8 14 17 8.3
Balasore b 1 2 1 1 1 6 7 8 5 2 1 1 3.0
c 2.0 2.5 2.5 3.3 4.3 6.3 6.8 6.8 6.0 3.6 2.4 2.0 4.0
a 22 18 21 16 11 3 2 0 4 14 17 21 12.4
Baripada b 1 1 1 1 1 7 9 10 5 3 1 1 3.4
c 1.4 1.5 1.3 2.0 2.6 5.5 6.2 6.2 5.1 2.9 1.6 1.2 3.1
a 21 19 24 19 16 12 6 5 10 16 18 20 15.5
Bhawanipatna b 1 1 0 1 2 6 11 12 5 3 2 1 3.7
c 1.2 1.3 1.0 1.4 2.0 4.5 5.8 6.0 4.3 2.4 1.9 1.4 2.8
a 16 11 10 6 4 0 0 0 1 6 10 15 6.6
Bhubaneshwar(A) b 1 1 1 1 2 7 11 10 6 3 2 1 3.8
c 1.9 2.4 2.7 3.5 4.2 6.0 6.7 6.6 5.7 3.6 2.6 1.9 4.0
a 23 21 23 20 21 8 3 4 7 16 20 22 15.7
Bolangir b 2 2 2 2 2 10 16 16 9 4 2 2 5.7
c 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.7 4.7 6.6 6.6 4.9 2.8 1.8 1.5 3.0
a 22 16 15 11 6 4 0 1 3 10 16 21 10.4
Chandbali b 3 4 4 5 6 15 19 18 12 7 5 4 8.5
c 1.6 2.3 2.6 3.4 4.2 6.3 6.9 6.8 5.9 3.5 2.4 1.8 4.0
a 24 18 18 14 10 4 2 2 4 13 19 23 12.6
Cuttack b 2 3 3 3 4 12 14 14 7 5 3 2 6.0
c 1.3 1.8 2.0 2.5 3.0 5.4 6.2 5.9 4.7 2.7 1.9 1.3 3.2
a 16 11 15 10 6 2 0 1 2 7 11 14 7.9
Gopalpur b 1 1 1 1 2 8 10 9 6 4 2 1 3.8
c 1.9 2.1 2.0 2.5 3.6 6.1 6.7 6.5 5.7 3.8 3.0 2.4 3.9
a 18 15 16 15 9 1 1 1 0 9 15 17 9.7
Jharsuguda b 1 1 1 1 1 9 16 15 8 3 1 1 4.8
c 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.6 5.8 7.2 7.1 5.8 3.2 2.2 2.0 3.6
a 24 22 24 22 21 10 4 3 7 16 21 24 16.5
Keonjhargarh b 1 1 0 0 0 4 6 7 4 3 1 1 2.3
c 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.4 3.6 5.2 5.1 4.2 2.4 1.4 1.0 2.4
a 22 20 24 16 15 6 4 3 6 12 16 22 13.8
Koraput b 1 0 1 1 3 9 12 10 5 3 3 1 4.1
c 1.5 1.3 1.3 2.0 2.6 5.1 5.9 5.4 4.4 2.9 2.4 1.7 3.0
a 22 15 13 10 7 4 1 2 3 9 15 20 10.1
Paradip Port b 1 1 1 1 2 6 9 8 5 2 2 1 3.3
c 1.1 1.8 2.2 2.7 3.2 5.1 5.9 5.7 4.9 3.0 2.3 1.3 3.3
a 28 26 28 27 27 14 6 5 11 20 24 28 20.3
Phulbani b 1 1 1 1 1 8 13 14 7 4 2 1 4.5
c 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.7 3.3 5.1 5.2 3.6 2.0 0.8 0.5 1.9
a 15 10 10 6 5 3 1 0 2 4 10 13 6.6
Puri b 1 2 1 2 3 7 8 8 5 6 3 3 4.1
c 1.8 2.5 2.8 3.4 4.0 5.6 6.3 6.0 5.3 4.1 2.9 2.4 3.9
Contd………..
TABLE - IV (Contd……….)
a 20 18 18 17 14 4 2 1 3 13 17 19 12.2
Sambalpur b 1 1 1 1 1 6 10 10 4 1 1 1 3.2
c 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.9 4.7 6.1 6.0 4.6 2.5 1.6 1.4 2.9
a 15 14 17 17 17 6 2 1 4 9 13 15 10.8
Titlagarh b 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 4 3 1 0 0 1.1
c 2.3 2.2 1.9 1.8 2.1 4.0 5.1 5.3 4.4 3.2 2.3 2.2 3.1
Sub-Div. a 20.4 16.7 18.1 14.7 12.3 5.1 2.1 1.8 4.1 11.3 16.1 19.5 11.9
b 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.5 2.0 7.9 11.2 11.1 6.3 3.6 2.0 1.5 4.3
Means.
c 1.5 1.8 1.8 2.2 2.7 5.1 6.2 6.1 5.0 3.1 2.1 1.6 3.3
a : Days with clear sky.

b : Days with sky overcast.
c : Mean cloud amount.
** Okta = Unit, equal to area of one eighth of the sky used in specifying
cloud amount.
For example : 1 Okta means 1/8 th of the sky covered.
TABLE - IV (a)
ORISSA
a 20 17 15 10 8 3 1 0 1 9 17 19 10.0
Angul b 2 1 3 5 5 13 18 17 13 7 3 2 7.4
c 1.7 1.8 2.4 3.4 3.8 6.0 6.9 6.8 6.4 4.0 2.2 1.7 3.9
a 14 9 10 3 2 1 0 0 0 4 8 12 5.3
Balasore b 1 1 1 3 3 6 8 8 5 3 2 1 3.5
c 2.0 2.5 3.3 4.5 4.8 6.4 6.9 6.9 6.3 4.4 2.8 2.3 4.4
a 19 15 15 10 8 2 1 2 2 9 15 18 9.7
Baripada b 1 1 1 2 4 10 13 12 9 5 2 1 5.1
c 1.5 2.1 2.3 3.5 4.3 6.2 6.6 6.7 6.2 3.8 1.8 1.4 3.9
a 19 18 18 13 13 11 6 6 11 14 18 20 13.9
Bhawanipatna b 1 1 1 2 2 6 11 11 5 3 2 1 3.8
c 1.4 1.5 1.9 3.0 3.3 4.9 5.9 6.0 5.1 3.0 2.0 1.4 3.3
a 11 9 9 4 2 0 1 0 0 2 8 12 4.8
Bhubaneshwar(A ) b 1 1 1 2 3 9 13 12 8 5 2 1 4.8
c 2.0 2.4 2.8 4.1 4.4 6.3 7.0 6.9 6.4 4.5 3.1 2.3 4.4
a 22 19 19 14 14 4 2 3 6 14 20 21 13.2
Bolangir b 2 1 2 3 4 14 18 17 11 5 3 2 6.8
c 1.4 1.4 2.0 2.7 3.2 6.0 6.8 6.6 5.8 3.1 1.9 1.6 3.5
a 21 16 15 10 9 2 2 1 1 9 15 18 9.9
Chandbali b 3 3 5 6 6 16 19 19 14 8 5 4 9.0
c 1.6 2.0 2.7 3.7 3.9 6.2 6.9 6.8 6.1 3.9 2.7 2.0 4.0
a 21 16 16 8 8 1 2 1 2 9 15 19 9.8
Cuttack b 1 2 3 5 5 13 16 15 10 7 4 2 6.9
c 1.3 1.8 2.3 3.4 3.7 5.8 6.6 6.4 5.8 3.5 2.2 1.5 3.7
a 14 9 8 4 2 2 0 1 1 4 8 10 5.3
Gopalpur b 1 1 1 3 3 9 13 11 7 4 2 1 4.7
c 2.0 2.6 3.2 4.9 5.0 6.6 6.9 6.8 6.3 4.6 3.5 2.7 4.6
a 14 10 11 7 5 0 1 0 0 4 10 13 6.3
Jharsuguda b 1 1 1 1 2 11 16 16 10 4 2 1 5.5
c 2.3 2.3 2.5 3.3 3.9 6.5 7.3 7.2 6.6 4.0 2.6 2.3 4.2
a 21 20 20 18 15 9 5 5 7 14 20 23 14.7
Keonjhargarh b 1 1 1 1 2 5 8 8 6 3 1 1 3.2
c 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.8 2.7 4.1 5.3 5.3 4.6 2.8 1.7 1.1 2.8
a 19 16 15 7 7 4 3 2 4 8 14 19 9.8
Koraput b 1 0 1 3 4 9 12 10 6 4 2 1 4.4
c 1.7 1.7 2.1 3.8 4.2 5.3 6.0 5.3 4.6 3.5 2.4 1.7 3.5
Contd………….
TABLE - IV (a) (Contd…….)
a 22 16 16 12 9 2 2 3 2 8 14 19 10.4
Paradip Port b 0 1 1 1 2 7 8 7 4 2 2 1 3.0
c 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.6 3.0 5.2 5.8 5.7 5.1 3.2 2.4 1.5 3.3
a 27 25 26 23 21 12 6 6 6 18 23 27 18.3
Phulbani b 1 1 1 2 3 9 15 15 10 6 2 1 5.5
c 0.5 0.6 0.7 1.3 1.6 3.7 5.2 5.4 4.3 2.4 0.9 0.5 2.3
a 14 11 10 6 5 4 1 1 2 3 9 11 6.4
Puri b 1 1 2 3 3 6 8 8 6 6 3 3 4.2
c 1.9 2.5 2.8 3.8 4.0 5.4 6.2 6.0 5.7 4.5 3.1 2.5 4.0
a 18 17 18 12 10 3 2 1 1 9 15 17 10.3
Sambalpur b 1 1 1 1 1 6 9 9 5 2 1 1 3.2
c 1.5 1.4 1.7 2.1 2.6 5.0 6.1 6.0 5.1 2.8 1.8 1.6 3.1
a 16 13 16 15 16 7 4 4 5 9 13 16 11.2
Titlagarh b 0 0 0 0 0 2 4 5 3 1 0 0 1.3
c 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.3 4.1 5.1 5.2 4.5 3.3 2.2 2.1 3.1
a 18.3 15.1 15.1 10.3 9.1 3.9 2.3 2.1 3.0 8.6 14.2 17.3 9.9
Sub-Div.
Means. b 1.1 1.1 1.5 2.5 3.1 8.9 12.3 11.8 7.8 4.4 2.2 1.4 4.8
c 1.6 1.9 2.2 3.2 3.6 5.5 6.3 6.2 5.6 3.6 2.3 1.8 3.7
a : Days with clear sky.

b : Days with sky overcast.
c : Mean cloud amount.
** Okta = Unit, equal to area of one eighth of the sky used in specifying
cloud amount.
For example : 1 Okta means 1/8 th of the sky covered.
TABLE - IV (b)
MEAN NUMBER OF HOURS OF BRIGHT SUNSHINE PER DAY
ORISSA
Bhubaneshwar 9.3 9.7 9.3 9.3 7.9 5.1 4.6 4.5 5.5 7.3 9.0 9.3 7.5
Cuttack 8.9 9.0 8.5 8.4 8.7 5.0 3.5 4.5 5.1 6.9 9.2 9.1 7.2
TABLE - V
MEAN RAINFALL (in mm) AND NUMBER OF RAINY DAYS
DISTRICTS JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC ANNUAL
ORISSA
a 12.6 27.1 24.3 27.2 52.9 225.1 347.7 357.5 217.5 86.3 20.4 3.3 1401.9
Angul
b 0.9 1.7 1.8 2.0 3.7 10.2 15.6 15.3 11.2 5.0 1.1 0.3 68.8
a 14.7 31.8 34.4 62.2 108.5 221.5 308.6 332.1 267.6 170.5 34.6 5.5 1592.0
Balasore
b 0.9 1.9 2.2 3.5 5.8 10.2 13.9 15.1 12.2 6.2 1.2 0.3 73.4
a 12.5 19.1 22.0 20.0 25.6 205.6 397.2 374.4 222.6 52.8 10.4 5.1 1367.3
Bargarh
b 0.8 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.8 8.9 16.0 14.9 10.1 3.1 0.6 0.4 61.3
a 17.0 26.8 22.4 16.5 38.4 233.8 418.5 488.8 244.8 90.5 21.1 4.4 1623.1
Baudh
b 0.9 1.7 1.5 1.3 2.7 9.6 16.2 17.4 10.8 4.5 1.2 0.3 68.1
a 11.8 29.6 36.1 51.2 91.4 198.2 293.6 311.7 216.8 145.3 37.3 4.9 1427.9
Bhadrak
b 0.8 1.7 2.1 3.1 5.1 9.8 13.3 13.2 10.8 5.6 1.4 0.3 67.2
a 8.6 13.2 14.6 13.4 27.8 202.8 360.5 333.6 237.4 68.4 7.2 2.3 1289.8
Bolangir
b 0.6 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.9 9.2 15.0 14.6 10.4 3.9 0.4 0.2 59.6
a 9.9 28.6 24.7 28.3 71.5 210.0 308.3 339.1 229.2 125.6 45.0 4.1 1424.3
Cuttack
b 0.7 1.6 1.6 1.9 4.0 10.0 14.1 15.0 11.7 6.0 1.6 0.3 68.5
a 14.1 27.0 20.6 21.3 41.9 242.4 447.7 443.4 228.2 84.4 8.0 3.5 1582.5
Deogarh
b 1.0 1.8 1.5 1.9 3.0 10.6 18.6 18.5 12.6 5.1 0.8 0.4 75.8
a 10.5 21.9 33.7 41.3 69.6 225.7 317.9 344.8 220.6 104.4 36.2 2.2 1428.8
Dhenkanal
b 0.8 1.3 2.1 2.5 4.6 10.8 15.0 16.0 11.7 5.2 1.5 0.2 71.7
a 8.1 23.0 41.3 65.2 107.8 199.7 230.6 253.6 237.9 168.6 61.8 5.7 1403.3
Gajapati
b 0.6 1.5 2.4 4.2 6.1 9.5 12.3 13.2 12.0 7.0 2.1 0.3 71.2
a 9.4 24.1 32.6 36.6 65.4 168.3 220.8 246.8 216.3 177.7 71.1 7.1 1276.2
Ganjam
b 0.7 1.5 1.9 2.8 4.1 8.8 11.8 12.5 10.6 6.9 2.1 0.5 64.2
a 14.5 21.7 35.5 25.4 78.0 202.3 277.3 379.1 241.4 151.1 80.4 7.9 1514.6
Jagatsinghpur
b 0.5 1.5 1.9 1.5 3.3 8.7 13.7 14.5 11.0 6.6 2.1 0.2 65.5
a 12.9 25.1 28.4 46.1 93.7 238.5 350.9 341.2 238.0 140.2 41.0 3.9 1559.9
Jajpur
b 0.8 1.5 1.8 2.7 5.3 10.8 15.3 15.1 11.9 6.2 1.5 0.3 73.2
a 14.1 22.9 17.6 15.1 27.9 218.8 385.8 382.9 210.7 54.9 7.7 4.4 1362.8
Jharsuguda
b 1.0 1.7 1.4 1.5 2.3 9.5 17.4 16.3 10.6 3.5 0.6 0.4 66.2
a 10.6 29.7 28.0 35.7 67.8 207.9 325.1 330.8 239.1 117.7 31.0 4.5 1427.9
Kandhamal
b 0.9 2.0 2.1 2.8 4.5 10.0 15.8 15.5 12.2 6.0 1.5 0.4 73.7
a 10.3 14.4 23.7 25.7 41.8 240.4 327.7 355.4 204.6 74.0 10.9 1.6 1330.5
Kalahandi
b 0.5 1.1 1.4 2.0 2.7 9.7 14.5 14.8 9.9 3.8 0.7 0.1 61.2
a 10.6 30.2 35.0 33.9 94.2 208.3 317.1 333.3 237.3 183.7 67.2 5.2 1556.0
Kendrapara
b 0.6 1.6 1.5 2.0 4.1 9.1 13.3 13.9 11.0 6,6 1.6 0.3 65.6
a 14.6 33.8 33.1 42.1 94.8 241.4 318.0 343.6 241.1 101.3 20.5 3.4 1487.7
Keonjhar
b 0.9 2.1 2.4 2.8 5.7 11.0 15.5 16.1 12.0 5.1 1.1 0.3 75.0
a 12.4 24.3 22.1 28.0 60.7 196.2 304.9 320.6 234.5 149.3 50.4 5.0 1408.4
Khurda
b 0.7 1.6 1.5 1.8 3.8 9.5 14.0 14.8 11.8 6.8 1.8 0.3 68.4
a 5.7 8.6 18.3 55.2 81.9 206.8 375.6 393.6 256.3 126.1 32.6 6.5 1567.2
Koraput
b 0.4 0.9 1.5 3.9 5.5 10.6 18.6 19.3 13.9 6.7 2.1 0.5 83.9
a 2.7 4.1 8.9 34.8 49.1 212.2 465.7 472.8 281.2 109.5 23.6 3.0 1667.6
Malkangiri
b 0.3 0.4 0.8 2.6 3.5 9.9 19.6 20.0 14,4 6.2 1.5 0.2 79.4
a 10.3 28.0 40.2 52.5 101.2 265.8 337.3 359.9 262.0 114.1 21.6 7.3 1600.6
Mayurbhanj
b 0.8 1.8 2.6 3.2 5.7 11.3 16.5 16.2 12.1 5.5 1.1 0.5 77.3
a 11.7 28.6 30.0 39.9 58.8 203.5 288.5 288.2 226.8 134.5 39.0 4.8 1354.3
Nayagarh
b 0.9 1.9 2.3 2.8 4.2 10.5 15.4 15.7 12.8 6.6 1.5 0.4 75.0
a 12.0 14.6 19.7 21.8 31.2 210.3 347.1 327.8 214.5 68.9 15.3 3.2 1286.4
Nawapara
b 0.8 1.2 1.3 1.6 2.0 9.4 15.4 14.4 10.1 3.7 0.8 0.2 60.9
Contd…
TABLE - V (Contd…..)
MEAN RAINFALL (in mm) AND NUMBER OF RAINY DAYS
DISTRICTS JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC ANNUAL
Nawarangpur a 6.7 14.1 15.1 34.1 66.1 251.8 356.6 407.5 225.6 168.6 18.7 4.6 1569.5
b 0.5 1.2 1.1 2.8 4.5 10.9 16.9 18.0 12.3 4.8 1.0 0.3 74.3
a 10.9 25.4 15.5 18.5 62.1 188.0 292.0 297.9 243.2 181.6 67.3 6.4 1408.8
Puri
b 0.6 1.3 1.0 1.1 3.0 8.2 12.5 13.1 11.8 7.3 2.0 0.4 62.3
a 9.6 22.9 38.0 52.7 87.8 195.3 259.5 273.7 199.1 109.7 32.9 4.7 1285.9
Rayagada
b 0.6 1.7 2.7 3.8 4.8 10.4 14.7 15.3 11.0 5.8 1.6 0.4 72.8
a 14.8 24.5 18.2 16.5 32.3 221.0 429.5 442.4 224.7 54.7 12.7 4.4 1495.7
Sambalpur
b 0.9 1.7 1.6 1.3 2.4 9.5 17.7 17.2 11.3 3.5 0.8 0.3 68.2
a 12.5 17.2 15.7 15.4 29.3 217.4 399.6 408.9 228.0 59.8 11.4 3.3 1418.5
Sonepur
b 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.4 2.0 9.0 15.5 15.5 10.3 3.3 0.8 0.3 61.6
a 15.1 24.9 16.0 16.0 40.6 237.4 386.4 393.9 211.5 67.7 8.7 4.2 1422.4
Sundargarh
b 1.1 1.7 1.3 1.4 3.0 10.0 16.8 17.2 11.1 3.8 0.6 0.4 68.4
Sub-Div. a 11.4 22.9 25.5 33.1 63.3 216.5 339.9 356.0 231.9 114.7 31.5 4.5 1451.2
Means b 0.7 1.5 1.7 2.3 3.8 9.9 15.4 15.6 11.5 5.3 1.3 0.3 69.3
a Normal Rainfall (mm)

b Average number of rainy days ( i.e. days with rainfall of 2.5 mm or more )
TABLE - VI
MEAN RAINFALL (mm) OVER DIFFERENT CATCHMENTS OF ORISSA
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC ANNUAL
1) River Indravati: (Catchment No. 316)
Districts/Parts of districts within this catchment:-
Kalahandi, Koraput, Nawarangpur.
6.8 8.0 16.1 45.5 71.3 216.1 414.0 421.9 245.3 93.4 25.0 6.2 1569.6
2) River Godavari from its confluence with River Wainganga to its mouth : (Catchment No. 317)
Koraput, Malkangiri
4.4 8.0 15.7 54.9 82.3 213.8 395.4 423.6 292.9 141.5 36.7 6.4 1675.6
3) Rivers between River Mahanadi and River Godavari excluding the Mahanadi : (Catchment No. 318)
Puri, Khurda, Nayagarh, Ganjam, Gajapati, Rayagada, Kandhamal.
9.9 23.0 20.7 34.9 70.6 181.7 260.5 277.1 236.9 175.4 59.3 7.9 1357.9
4) River Mahanadi upto Hirakud Dam Site : (Catchment No. 319)
Jharsuguda, Sambalpur, Bargarh, Deogarh, Sundargarh, Nawapara.
13.5 21.5 17.1 12.8 29.5 211.3 401.8 414.6 232.3 65.3 9.6 4.1 1433.4
5) River Mahanadi from Hirakud Dam Site to its mouths : (Catchment No. 320)

Cuttack, Jagatsinghpur, Kendrapara, Nayagarh, Sambalpur, Jharsuguda,
Bargarh, Khurda, Angul, Bolangir, Sonepur,
Kalahandi, Nawapara, Kandhamal, Jajpur, Baudh.
11.2 23.1 20.7 25.2 48.3 216.1 368.9 357.1 237.4 99.9 21.9 3.7 1433.5
6) Rivers Brahmani and Baitarani combined : (Catchment No. 321)

Jagatsinghpur, Kendrapara, Jajpur, Bhadrak, Dhenkanal, Angul,
Keonjhar, Sundargarh, Mayurbhanj, Deogarh.
13.0 28.8 24.7 35.2 78.2 216.5 352.7 337.8 232.6 118.3 30.2 4.9 1472.9
7) River Subarnarekha and streams between River Baitarni and River Subarnarekha : (Catchment No. 322)
Balasore, Mayurbhanj, Bhadrak.
14.7 30.4 32.4 52.7 108.2 240.6 327.1 350.4 274.7 164.7 31.7 7.1 1634.7
TABLE - VII
STORMS / DEPRESSIONS AFFECTING ORISSA STATE
DURING 1891-1990
MONTH NO. OF STORMS / DEPRESSIONS

January 1
February Nil
March Nil
April Nil
May 15
June 78
July 137
August 178
September 150
October 77
November 21
December 1
Total 658
ANGUL DISTRICT
The climate of this district which is in the plateau region to the west of eastern
ghats is more like that of Deccan plateau than that of the east coast region. Being in the
northeastern corner of the Deccan plateau the climate of this district is milder than that
of the main Deccan region. The year may be divided into four seasons. The summer
season is from March to second week of June. The period from second week of June to
September is the southwest monsoon season. October and November constitute the
post - monsoon season and the cold season is from December to February.
RAINFALL
Records of rainfall in the district are available for 15 stations for period ranging
from 17 to 97 years. The details of the rainfall at these stations and for the district as a
whole are given in Tables 1 and 2. The average annual rainfall in the district is 1401.9
mm. Pallahara near the northern border of the district receives annual rainfall of 1726.3
mm while Banarpal receives the lowest annual rainfall of 1057.1 mm. About 82% of the
annual rainfall occurs during the southwest monsoon season, July and August being
the rainiest months. Considering the district as a whole, during the 90 year period from
1901 to 1990, the highest annual rainfall occurred in 1961 when it amounted to 153% of
the normal. 1967 was the year with the lowest annual rainfall which was 61% of the
normal. In this period there were 16 years when the annual rainfall was less than 80%
of the normal. Out of that there was one occasion when suc h a low rainfall occurred for
three consecutive years viz. 1965, 1966 and 1967. It is seen from Table 2 that the
rainfall in the district was between 1001 to 1600 mm in 61 years out of 83.
On an average, there are 69 rainy days (i.e. days with rainfall of 2.5 mm or more)
in a year. This number varies from 56 at Banarpal to 79 at Pallahara.
The heaviest rainfall in 24 hours recorded at any station in the district was 339.0
mm at Rajkishorenagar (Hydro) on 12 August 1991.
TEMPERATURE
There is only one meteorological observatory at Angul in the district. The records
of temperature and other meteorological elements which are available for Angul may be
considered as representative of the meteorological conditions over the district as a
whole. The hot season commences by about the beginning of March when the
temperatures begin to rise rapidly. May is the hottest month with the mean daily
maximum temperature being about 400C and the mean daily minimum temperature at
about 25.6 0C. With the onset of the southwest monsoon by second week of June day
temperatures drop appreciably, but nights continue to be as warm as the nights in the
summer season. After the withdrawal of the southwest monsoon by about the first week
of October, especially night temperatures begin to drop steadily. December is usually
the coldest month with the mean daily maximum temperature at 27.1 0C and the mean
daily minimum temperature at 13.9 0C. During the winter season, in association with the
passage of western disturbances across the north India, short spells of cold weather
occur and the minimum temperature sometimes drops down upto about 4 0C.
The highest maximum temperature recorded at Angul was 47.2 0C on 24 May
1921 and 15 June 1967, and the lowest minimum temperature was 3.5 0C on 04
December 1974.
HUMIDITY
The humidity of the air is generally high, about 80%, especially in the southwest
monsoon months. In the other months, the afternoons are comparatively drier. In the
summer afternoons, the relative humidity varies between 37 and 42%.
CLOUDINESS
During the southwest monsoon season skies are generally heavily clouded to
overcast. In the summer and the post monsoon months there is moderate cloudiness,
the afternoons being more cloudy than the mornings. In the other months, skies are
mainly clear or lightly clouded.
WINDS
Winds are generally light or moderate with some increase in speed in the
summer and southwest monsoon seasons. Winds during mornings blow mainly from
west or northwest except in April and May when they are mainly easterly. During winter
season, the winds in the afternoon blow from the sector northwest to east. During
summer season southerlies/westerlies prevail in the afternoons while during the
monsoon season they blow from directions between south and west.
SPECIAL WEATHER PHENOMENA
During monsoon season, depressions from the Bay of Bengal cross the east
coast of India near Orissa state and move in westerly direction. They cause widespread
heavy rain and strong winds. In the month of October, storms from the Bay of Bengal
may also affect the district and neighbouring area. Thunderstorms, mostly in the
afternoons occur in summer and October. Rain during the southwest monsoon season
is also often associated with thunder. Occasional fog occurs in the winter season.
Tables 3, 4 and 5 give the temperature and relative humidity, mean wind speed
and special weather phenomena respectively for Angul observatory.
TABLE - I
Normals and Extremes of Rainfall
HEAVIEST RAINFALL
HIGHEST LOWEST
in 24 HOURS *
No. of ANNUAL RAINFALL
Amount
STATION Years JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC ANNUAL AS % OF NORMAL Date
(mm)
of Data & YEARS **
Angul 85 a 11.6 30.7 26.0 30.4 54.4 202.1 294.5 307.3 208.9 103.2 25.0 3.2 1297.3 208 66 260.1 1883 Jun 28
(Obsy) b 0.9 1.9 2.0 2.4 3.8 10.1 14.2 14.2 11.3 5.8 1.2 0.3 68.1 (1990) (1967)
Athmalik 69 a 9.3 28.8 18.8 19.0 38.3 238.5 388.1 373.7 218.6 74.3 17.9 3.1 1428.4 154 50 292.8 1991 Aug 13
b 0.5 1.6 1.4 1.7 2.8 9.5 16.0 15.3 10.8 4.5 1.1 0.2 65.4 (1956) (1979)
Banarpal 18 a 5.1 10.6 35.1 19.3 51.6 186.1 241.1 266.3 161.2 61.6 19.1 0.0 1057.1 159 74 230.0 1971 Jun 16
b 0.4 1.0 1.9 1.6 2.8 7.8 13.4 13.4 8.8 4.1 0.6 0.0 55.8 (1971) (1987)
Bantala 25 a 13.1 40.8 13.0 37.4 49.7 170.8 326.3 260.5 224.4 105.0 16.6 3.2 1260.8 129 85 262.0 1974 Jul 28
b 0.8 2.1 1.8 2.3 3.5 8.6 13.7 12.9 10.9 5.8 0.9 0.4 63.7 (1946) (1938)
Chendipada 75 a 12.2 24.4 18.0 23.8 44.7 195.2 316.9 307.6 198.0 86.6 17.3 5.2 1249.9 201 47 241.3 1925 Jun 28
b 0.9 1.6 1.4 1.7 3.0 9.8 14.6 14.8 11.0 4.7 0.9 0.3 64.7 (1956) (1981)
Handapa 21 a 12.7 29.7 18.8 19.7 48.2 225.8 426.3 386.1 237.5 103.1 21.8 2.2 1531.9 149 70 268.0 1933 Sep 21
b 0.9 1.6 1.7 1.5 4.0 10.7 17.8 16.4 11.9 6.3 1.5 0.2 74.5 (1939) (1938)
Jarpara 46 a 16.7 25.7 17.6 25.2 51.6 179.4 288.6 286.9 221.9 100.8 22.6 2.2 1239.2 147 62 179.8 1936 Jun 14
b 1.2 1.8 1.5 1.8 4.2 9.3 15.0 14.3 11.4 5.3 1.3 0.2 67.3 (1933) (1923)
Krishnanagar 21 a 18.3 32.3 20.7 13.2 43.6 208.4 463.7 398.3 272.7 80.6 18.9 0.6 1571.3 142 79 297.6 1992 Jul 28
b 1.2 1.5 1.6 1.4 3.6 9.8 16.4 16.0 11.6 5.7 1.2 0.1 70.1 (1939) (1938)
Pallahara 74 a 14.2 27.5 23.8 35.9 60.9 248.8 495.0 460.7 249.8 88.9 15.8 5.0 1726.3 139 50 332.7 1975 Aug 19
b 0.9 1.8 1.7 2.3 4.0 11.2 19.3 18.7 12.7 5.0 0.9 0.3 78.8 (1984) (1981)
Contd..
TABLE - I (Contd…….)
HEAVIEST RAINFALL
HIGHEST LOWEST
in 24 HOURS *
Amount
(mm)
of Data & YEARS **
Pallahara 10 a 10.6 21.0 43.8 33.9 58.0 252.2 344.0 431.5 242.0 68.1 13.0 6.6 1524.7 123 74 220.0 1988 Aug 03
(Hydro) b 0.7 1.7 2.4 2.6 4.7 10.9 16.1 15.1 11.5 4.7 0.9 0.6 71.9 (1986) (1987)
Purankot 63 a 12.3 29.2 21.4 29.5 63.7 202.1 350.1 332.9 233.6 106.0 22.1 2.4 1405.3 149 56 256.0 1936 Jun 14
b 0.9 1.7 1.6 2.3 4.2 10.3 16.8 16.4 12.8 5.7 1.2 0.3 74.2 (1956) (1952)
Rajkishorenagar 12 a 11.3 25.7 22.2 23.7 47.7 336.9 315.2 515.0 206.6 84.0 17.6 5.3 1611.2 127 70 339.0 1991 Aug 12
(Hydro) b 0.8 1.7 1.6 1.8 2.9 10.9 15.4 16.8 11.0 4.0 0.9 0.3 68.1 (1971) (1988)
Rengali 10 a 20.9 29.7 32.1 34.3 63.3 254.8 373.6 396.8 198.5 54.1 21.0 3.5 1482.6 115 88 288.5 1989 Jul 27
(Hydro) b 1.1 2.0 2.6 2.6 4.1 12.1 15.5 14.6 10.5 3.6 1.0 0.4 70.1 (1985) (1982)
Talcher 72 a 12.6 24.8 18.9 26.9 59.6 201.9 329.8 307.0 208.0 78.4 19.0 3.0 1289.9 153 61 294.6 1881 Jul 14
b 0.9 1.7 1.4 1.9 4.2 10.4 15.7 14.8 11.2 5.0 1.1 0.3 68.6 (1973) (1918)
Talcher 11 a 8.1 25.7 33.7 35.6 58.0 273.3 262.4 331.4 180.1 99.7 38.8 4.4 1351.2 142 85 307.7 1990 Oct 14
(Hydro) b 0.8 1.7 2.4 2.8 3.5 11.4 13.5 15.9 10.0 4.7 1.8 0.6 69.1 (1990) (1987)
Angul a 12.6 27.1 24.3 27.2 52.9 225.1 347.7 357.5 217.5 86.3 20.4 3.3 1401.9 153 61
(District) b 0.9 1.7 1.8 2.0 3.7 10.2 15.6 15.3 11.2 5.0 1.1 0.3 68.8 (1961) (1967)
a : Normal rainfall in mm
b : Average number of rainy days ( i.e. days with rainfall of 2.5 mm or more)
* Based on all available data upto 1996
** Years of occurrence given in brackets.
TABLE – 2
Frequency of Annual Rainfall in the district
(Data 1901-1990)
(ANGUL)
Range in mm No. of years Range in mm No. of years

801 - 900 2 1501 - 1600 11
901 - 1000 5 1601 - 1700 5
1001 - 1100 7 1701 - 1800 4
1101 - 1200 9 1801 - 1900 3
1201 - 1300 13 1901 - 2000 2
1301 - 1400 9 2001 - 2100 0
1401 - 1500 12 2101 - 2200 1
(Data available for 83 years only)
TABLE - 3
Normals of Temp erature and Relative Humidity
(ANGUL)
Mean Mean
Daily Daily Highest Lowest Relative
Maximum Minimum Maximum Minimum Humidity
MONTH
Temperature Temperature ever recorded ever recorded (%)
0830 1730
0C 0C 0C Date 0C Date
IST IST
January 27.3 13.9 34.4 1928 Jan 30 5.5 1971 Jan 02 76 49
February 30.9 17.0 38.3 1967 Feb 23 8.8 1971 Feb 16 72 41
March 35.3 20.3 42.2 1953 Mar 28 10.2 1971 Mar 02 68 37
April 38.9 23.5 45.6 1941 Apr 02 14.4 1971 Apr 19 68 37
May 39.9 25.6 47.2 1921 May 24 15.6 1964 May 24 67 42
June 36.3 25.6 47.2 1967 Jun 15 17.4 1964 Jun 01 74 62
July 32.0 24.4 41.1 1982 Jul 03 18.3 1971 Jul 20 82 77
August 31.4 24.0 37.7 1983 Aug 22 14.3 1974 Aug 28 83 79
September 31.8 23.6 38.1 1977 Sep 07 12.8 1974 Sep 24 83 78
October 31.6 21.5 35.7 1966 Oct 08 12.0 1974 Oct 28 79 66
November 29.4 17.1 34.5 1977 Nov 07 5.6 1970 Nov 30 73 53
December 27.1 13.9 32.1 1977 Dec 01 3.5 1974 Dec 04 73 48
Annual 32.7 20.9 75 56
Extremes of temperature updated upto 1990.
TABLE – 4
Mean Wind Speed in km/hr.
(ANGUL)
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual
3.8 5.0 5.7 7.5 7.9 7.8 7.1 5.9 5.7 4.5 3.5 4.3 5.7
TABLE – 5
Special Weather Phenomena
(ANGUL)
Mean No.of
Days With
Thunder 0.2 0.4 0.8 1.9 1.8 2.6 1.5 1.3 1.3 0.8 0.0 0.0 12.6
Hail 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1
Dust-storm 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squall 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1
Fog 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.4 0.0 0.2 1.8
BALASORE DISTRICT
Being a coastal district lying between the Bay of Bengal and the northeastern
corner of the Deccan plateau, the climate of this district is characterised by less
extremes of temperature and high humidities all the year round. The cold/wi nter
season from December to February is followed by the hot season from March to May.
The period from June to September constitutes the southwest monsoon season. The
next two months form the post-monsoon season.
RAINFALL
from 26 to 101 years. The details of the rainfall at these stations and for the district as
a whole are given in Tables 1 and 2. The average annual rainfall in the district is
1592.0 mm. There is a general decrease of rainfall as one proceeds from the coastal
region towards the interior. Region around Soro gets the highest annual rainfall in the
district. The southwest monsoon commences in the district early in June and continues
till the end of September. August is the month when district receives the highest
rainfall. The rainfall during the southwest monsoon season accounts for 71% of the
annual rainfall. The variation in the annual rainfall from year to year is not large. In the
90 year period from 1901 to 1990, the highest annual rainfall was received in 1940
when it amounted to 154% of the normal. The lowest annual rainfall occurred in 1957,
which amounted to 55% of the normal. In the same 90 year period, there were 12
years when the annual rainfall of the district was less than 80% of the normal, two of
them were consecutive, viz. 1953, 1954. It is seen from Table 2 that the annual rainfall
in the district was between 1201 and 1900 mm in 63 years out of 82.
On an average, there are 73 rainy days (i.e. days with rainfall of 2.5 mm or
more) in a year in the district. The number varies from 61 at Bhograi to 83 at Raj-Nilgiri.
The heaviest rainfall recorded in 24 hours at any station in the district was 479.3
mm at Soro on 01 August 1943.
TEMPERATURE
There is one meteorological observatory in the district at Balasore. The records

extend to a long period of years. The data at this station may be taken as quite
representative of the climatic conditions in the district as a whole, except that in the
coastal strip where temperatures are lower particularly in the hot season due to strong
sea breeze. The period from March to May is one of the steady rise in temperatures.
The period from April to May is usually the hottest part of the year when the mean daily
maximum temperature is about 360C and the mean daily minimum temperature is
about 25.0 0C. In May and the early part of June before the onset of the southwest
monsoon, temperature may on some occasions go upto above 460C and the weather
becomes oppressive. With the onset of the southwest monsoon there is a progressive
drop in day temperatures, while night temperatures continue to be as those in the
summer season. From October, both the temperatures gradually decrease and drop in
night temperatures being more marked. January which is the coldest month with the
mean daily maximum temperature at about 27.0 0C and the mean daily minimum
temperature about 14.0 0C. In the interior of the district the temperatures may be slightly
lower. In association with the western disturbances the minimum temperature on a few
occasions may go down upto about 6 to 7 0C.
The highest maximum temperature ever recorded at Balasore was 46.7 0C on 30

May 1895 and the lowest minimum temperature ever recorded was 6.7 0C on 03
February 1905 and 17 December 1897.
HUMIDITY
Values of relative humidity are generally high, about 73%, all the year round.
But in the cold season and in the summer season, they are slightly less than those in
the monsoon season.
CLOUDINESS
Overcast to heavily clouded skies prevail during the monsoon season. The
cloudiness is moderate with occasionally overcast skies in May and in October. In the
rest of the year, skies are mainly clear or lightly clouded.
WINDS
Winds are generally light to moderate in the post-monsoon and cold seasons. In
the summer and southwest monsoon seasons winds are stronger. The winds in the
coastal strip are generally stronger than those in the interior. Winds in the post-
monsoon and cold season are predominantly northerly or northwesterly in the
mornings, while in the afternoons winds are mostly variable in direction in the post-
monsoon season. From January onwards, southerly and southeasterly winds prevail in
the afternoons. In the month of April, southerly and southwesterly wind appears and it
gets established till the end of September.
The district is directly on the track of most of the cyclonic storms and
depressions which form in the head of the Bay of Bengal in the monsoon season and
cross the Orissa coast. These cause widespread heavy rain and strong winds. A few of
the storms and depressions in the post monsoon season also affect the district.
Sometimes violent thunderstorms occur in the summer season and also in October.
Even during the monsoon season, rainfall is often associated with thunder. The
thunderstorms in the summer season are occasionally accompanied with squalls and
hails. During the cold season, fog or mist occur particularly in the coastal region.
Tables 3, 4 and 5 give the temperature and humidity, mean wind speed and
frequency of special weather phenomena respectively for Balasore observatory.
TABLE - I
HEAVIEST RAINFALL
HIGHEST LOWEST
in 24 HOURS *
Amount
(mm)
of Data & YEARS **
Bahanaga 18 a 11.4 28.5 41.8 97.6 88.3 172.0 279.2 331.4 290.1 155.7 41.7 3.3 1541.0 144 42 305.0 1986 Nov 09
b 0.5 2.1 3.1 4.8 5.5 8.6 13.1 16.9 11.4 4.7 1.0 0.2 71.9 (1971) (1987)
Balasore 87 a 15.4 39.3 43.7 54.0 103.1 228.4 298.1 324.6 278.0 185.0 44.2 7.5 1621.3 182 66 398.8 1987 Jul 18
(Obsy) b 1.1 2.3 2.7 3.8 5.9 11.0 14.4 15.1 12.5 7.0 1.5 0.4 77.7 (1956) (1957)
Baliapal 61 a 14.4 30.1 26.2 45.8 103.6 222.2 320.4 328.5 250.3 183.0 34.3 5.9 1564.7 293 43 380.0 1973 Jul 20
b 0.9 1.9 1.9 2.8 5.4 10.3 14.0 14.5 12.4 6.5 1.3 0.4 72.3 (1973) (1957)
Bhograi 21 a 18.2 8.6 14.3 37.6 138.4 248.4 362.8 370.4 291.9 190.6 20.5 13.1 1714.8 237 73 335.0 1971 Oct 30
b 0.9 0.7 1.3 2.2 5.3 7.8 11.9 14.0 10.4 4.9 1.1 0.4 60.9 (1978) (1979)
Bonth 57 a 14.1 26.9 26.7 44.2 88.0 196.9 262.2 268.7 218.6 124.2 34.5 3.2 1308.2 170 40 228.6 1915 Nov 17
b 0.9 1.7 1.8 3.1 5.8 10.7 13.5 13.4 11.5 5.9 0.9 0.3 69.5 (1915) (1954)
Jallesore 62 a 16.0 26.5 29.7 45.5 95.6 222.2 266.3 271.3 205.9 141.0 31.3 3.3 1354.6 158 49 393.7 1894 Jul 23
b 1.1 1.9 1.9 2.8 5.9 10.7 14.0 14.7 11.9 6.1 1.4 0.4 72.8 (1913) (1954)
Raj-Nilgiri 53 a 19.2 38.5 34.7 71.0 113.3 248.8 342.5 357.3 288.5 204.7 45.9 3.6 1768.0 143 75 349.0 1973 Oct 11
b 1.2 2.3 2.4 4.2 6.2 11.9 15.2 16.5 14.0 7.5 1.5 0.2 83.1 (1913) (1908)
Simulia 16 a 3.3 38.1 50.9 91.8 101.4 201.8 252.2 341.8 297.9 122.5 25.3 4.6 1531.6 155 74 156.0 1988 Aug 03
b 0.2 2.2 2.4 4.5 5.2 8.8 12.5 14.7 11.8 5.1 0.8 0.3 68.5 (1990) (1987)
Contd..
TABLE - I (Contd …….)
HEAVIEST RAINFALL
HIGHEST LOWEST
in 24 HOURS *
Amount
(mm)
of Data & YEARS **
Soro 61 a 19.0 44.8 43.7 75.4 134.4 247.5 373.8 386.0 294.6 247.8 42.4 5.5 1914.9 221 48 479.3 1943 Aug 01
b 0.9 2.2 2.4 3.8 6.4 10.9 14.6 15.0 12.9 7.3 1.5 0.4 78.3 (1940) (1918)
Turigaria/ 54 a 15.5 36.9 32.6 59.2 118.8 226.7 328.0 341.3 259.8 150.4 25.4 4.6 1599.2 155 72 254.0 1917 May 03
Kaira b 1.0 2.0 2.3 3.0 6.8 11.2 15.4 16.3 13.2 6.7 1.2 0.3 79.4 (1940) (1935)
Balasore a 14.7 31.8 34.4 62.2 108.5 221.5 308.6 332.1 267.6 170.5 34.6 5.5 1592.0 154 55
(District) b 0.9 1.9 2.2 3.5 5.8 10.2 13.9 15.1 12.2 6.2 1.2 0.3 73.4 (1940) (1957)
TABLE - 2
Frequency of Annual Rainfall in the District
(Data 1901 - 1990)
(BALASORE)
801 - 900 1 1701 - 1800 7
901 - 1000 1 1801 - 1900 11
1001 - 1100 1 1901 - 2000 2
1101 - 1200 4 2001 - 2100 4
1201 - 1300 8 2101 - 2200 2
1301 - 1400 6 2201 - 2300 3
1401 - 1500 14 2301 - 2400 0
1501 - 1600 12 2401 - 2500 1
1601 - 1700 5
TABLE – 3
Normals of Temperature and Relative Humidity
(BALASORE)
Mean Mean
Daily Daily Highest Lowest
MONTH
Maximum Minimum Maximum Minimum Relative
Temperature Temperature ever recorded ever recorded Humidity (%)
0830 1730
IST IST
January 27.1 13.9 34.6 1977 Jan 02 7.2 1934 Jan 19 68 62
February 29.7 16.9 38.3 1934 Feb 28 6.7 1905 Feb 03 66 63
March 33.6 21.0 41.6 1968 Mar 29 11.7 1927 Mar 01 67 64
April 36.1 24.0 45.0 1892 Apr 21 16.6 1965 Apr 02 70 69
May 35.9 25.4 46.7 1895 May 30 18.4 1964 May 12 71 72
June 34.3 25.8 46.1 1926 Jun 14 20.0 1900 Jun 03 78 75
July 32.1 25.4 39.9 1982 Jul 03 20.0 1913 Jul 25 84 80
August 31.7 25.5 35.8 1981 Aug 12 21.3 1976 Aug 28 84 82
September 32.0 25.1 36.2 1980 Sep 29 20.3 1993 sep 13 82 81
October 31.7 22.8 36.1 1976 Oct 24 14.1 1993 Oct 07 76 78
November 29.9 18.2 34.8 1979 Nov 21 8.9 1892 Nov 28 68 70
December 27.3 14.2 33.5 1984 Dec 15 6.7 1897 Dec 17 66 65
Annual 31.8 21.5 73 72
Extremes of temperature updated upto year 1993
TABLE - 4
Mean Wind Speed in km/hr
(BALASORE)
4.4 5.4 8.0 10.6 11.4 9.0 8.5 7.7 6.0 4.7 4.4 4.2 7.0
TABLE - 5
(BALASORE)
Mean No.of
Days With
Hail 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6
Thunder 0.3 2.2 4.0 7.7 9.0 9.6 8.8 8.6 8.7 5.7 0.3 0.0 64.9
Fog 0.7 1.7 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.1 4.0
Dust-storm 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3
Squall 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1
BARGARH DISTRICT
The climate of Bargarh district is characterised by a hot dry summer and well
distributed rainfall in the southwest monsoon season. The cold/winter season from
December to February is followed by hot/summer season from March to second week
of June. The period from mid-June to September constitutes the southwest monsoon
season. The succeeding period lasting till the end of November is the post-monsoon
season.
RAINFALL
Records of rainfall are available for 8 stations in the district for the period
ranging from 22 to 87 years. The details of the rainfall at these stations and for the
district as a whole are given in Tables 1 and 2. The average annual rainfall in the
district is 1367.3 mm. About 88% of the annual rainfall is received in the monsoon
season, July and August being the rainiest months. Considering the district as a whole,
during the 90 year period from 1901 to 1990, the annual rainfall was the highest in
1961 when it amounted to 171% of the normal. The lowest annual rainfall which
amounted to 45% of the normal occurred in 1974. In the same 90 year period, the
annual rainfall in the district was less than 80% of the normal in 10 years out of 72
years for which the annual rainfall data are available. Two consecutive years of such
low rainfall occurred thrice in this period, viz. 1923-1924, 1968-1969 and 1987-1988. It
is seen from Table 2 that the annual rainfall in the district was between 1101 mm and
1800 mm in 55 years out of 72 years.
On an average, there are 61 rainy days (i.e. days with rain of 2.5 mm or more) in
a year in the district. The number varies from 54 at Paikmal to 67 at Bargarh.
mm at Padampur on 07 September 1939.
TEMPERATURE
As there is no meteorological observatory in the district, the description which

follows is mainly based on the records of observatory in the neighbouring district where
similar meteorological conditions prevail. Temperature begins to rise rapidly from about
the beginning of March. May is usually the hottest month of the year with the mean
daily maximum temperature at about 410C and the mean daily minimum temperature at
about 260C. The heat in May and in early part of June till the onset of the southwest
monsoon is trying. On individual days temperature may sometimes reach upto 490C.
The onset of the southwest monsoon by about mid-June brings some relief as the
temperature decreases appreciably. In September, due to breaks in the monsoon,
which are not uncommon, the day temperatures increase slightly and this rise
continues till October. The temperatures begin to decrease rapidly after October.
December and January are usually the coldest months with the mean daily
maximum temperature at about 270C to 280C and the mean daily minimum
temperature at about 130C. The district is sometimes affected by cold waves, in
association with the passing western disturbances across north India and the minimum
temperature may sometimes drop down upto about 4 0C.
HUMIDITY
The relative humidity is high during the southwest monsoon season, generally
exceeding 75%. The humidity decreases in the post monsoon season. The air is fairly
dry in the winter season. The driest part of the year is the summer season during which
values of relative humidity are low, the afternoon humidity being generally about 30%.
CLOUDINESS
The skies are mostly heavily clouded to overcast during the southwest monson
season. In the latter part of summer and in the post monsoon months, clouding is
moderate. The skies are mostly clear or lightly clouded during the rest of the year.
WINDS
Winds are generally light, with some strengthening in force, during the late
summer and the southwest monsoon season. The winds blow generally from directions
between north and east during the period from October to March. By April, winds from
directions southwest and south become more common and these predominate during
May to September.
During the monsoon and post-monsoon seasons, storms/depressions

originating in the Bay of Bengal many times move across the district or its
neighbourhood causing widespread heavy rain and gusty winds. Thunderstorms occur
throughout the year, their frequency being the least in December and the highest in the
monsoon season. During the summer season, sometimes the thunderstorms are
accompanied by dust-storms or hails. Fog occurs occasionally during the winter
months.
TABLE - I
HIGHEST LOWEST HEAVIEST RAINFALL

in 24 HOURS*
Amount
(mm)
of Data & YEARS**
Ambabhona 53 a 13.4 20.6 16.2 12.0 19.6 188.5 459.3 435.7 223.4 41.2 14.6 3.6 1448.1 207 48 276.0 1990 Jul 13
b 0.9 1.6 1.5 0.9 1.7 8.9 18.2 15.6 10.6 3.0 0.8 0.2 63.9 (1946) (1982)
Bargarh 61 a 21.8 22.0 17.0 16.2 23.6 222.7 426.4 406.1 225.7 48.0 10.5 3.7 1443.7 147 55 249.2 1892 Jul 23
b 1.2 1.8 1.4 1.3 1.8 10.2 17.2 16.1 11.0 3.3 0.8 0.4 66.5 (1929) (1988)
Bhatli 14 a 18.4 24.3 21.4 18.1 24.2 189.4 293.2 293.9 189.1 22.9 11.5 9.4 1115.8 150 72 187.5 1979 Aug 08
b 1.1 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.8 7.9 14.3 14.0 9.7 1.8 0.6 0.6 57.0 (1986) (1987)
Bijepur 42 a 7.2 15.6 12.4 13.6 23.4 164.6 386.3 356.4 201.8 43.4 10.8 3.2 1238.7 154 50 300.0 1991 Aug 12
b 0.4 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.6 7.8 16.3 14.4 9.6 3.0 0.7 0.3 57.5 (1936) (1974)
Padampur 52 a 14.7 24.8 19.6 18.6 28.3 199.7 366.9 363.4 227.3 55.8 13.4 3.0 1335.5 158 67 368.3 1939 Sep 07
b 0.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.8 10.0 16.3 16.0 10.3 3.6 0.9 0.3 65.2 (1933) (1924)
Paikmal 18 a 4.8 14.8 26.1 30.4 43.0 256.5 438.7 427.7 232.5 74.3 15.4 9.9 1574.1 165 66 338.0 1982 Aug 30
b 0.6 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.8 8.4 14.3 12.6 8.5 3.1 0.5 0.3 53.8 (1985) (1988)
Paikmal 22 a 8.8 13.0 36.5 24.9 25.8 199.5 464.7 361.2 267.2 71.9 2.6 2.6 1478.7 178 58 240.6 1961 Sep 14
(Hydro) b 0.8 0.9 2.2 1.9 2.0 8.8 15.9 15.6 10.6 3.4 0.2 0.3 62.6 (1961) (1965)
Sohella 24 a 11.2 17.8 26.6 26.3 17.1 223.5 342.1 351.1 213.8 64.9 4.5 5.7 1304.6 168 57 300.0 1963 Jun 17
(Hydro) b 0.7 1.3 2.3 2.5 1.5 9.0 15.4 15.2 10.6 3.9 0.2 0.5 63.1 (1963) (1965)
Bargarh a 12.5 19.1 22.0 20.0 25.6 205.6 397.2 374.4 222.6 52.8 10.4 5.1 1367.3 171 45
(District) b 0.8 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.8 8.9 16.0 14.9 10.1 3.1 0.6 0.4 61.3 (1961) (1974)
* Based on all available data upto 1992.
TABLE – 2
(Data 1906 - 1990)
(BARGARH)

601 - 700 1 1501 - 1600 5
701 - 800 0 1601 - 1700 5
801 - 900 1 1701 - 1800 6
901 - 1000 6 1801 - 1900 5
1001 - 1100 3 1901 - 2000 0
1101 - 1200 10 2001 - 2100 0
1201 - 1300 6 2101 - 2200 0
1301 - 1400 14 2201 - 2300 0
1401 - 1500 9 2301 - 2400 1
BHADRAK DISTRICT
Being a coastal district lying between the Bay of Bengal and the northeastern
corner of the Deccan plateau, the climate of this district is characterised by lesser
extremes of temperature and high humidities all the year around. The cold/winter
season from December to February is followed by the hot season from March to May.
The period from June to September constitutes the southwest monsoon season.
October and November constitute the post-monsoon season.
RAINFALL
Records of rainfall in the district are available for seven stations for period
ranging from 11 to 81 years. The details of the rainfall at these stations and for the
district is 1427.9 mm. In general, rainfall decreases from the coastal region towards the
interior. Chandbali gets the highest annual rainfall in the district. The southwest
monsoon commences in the district early in June and continues till the end of
September. Considering the district as a whole, August is the month with the heaviest
rainfall. The variation in the annual rainfall from year to year is not large. About 71% of
the annual rainfall is received during southwest monsoon months, i.e. June to
September. In the 90 year period 1901 to 1990, the highest annual rainfall was 159% of
the normal occurred in 1973, and the lowest annual rainfall was 72% of the normal
occurred in 1918. In the same period, there were 10 years when the annual rainfall of
the district was less than 80% of the normal. However, none of these years were
consecutive years. It may be seen from Table 2 that the annual rainfall in the district
was between 1201 and 1900 mm in 67 years out of 86 years.
in a year in the district. This number varies from 34 at Pirhat to 79 at Akhuapada.
mm at Chandbali (observatory) on 16 September 1879.
TEMPERATURE
There is one meteorological observatory in the district at Chandbali. The records

extend to long period of years. The data at this station may be taken as quite
representative of the climatic condition in the district as a whole, except that in the
coastal strip where temperatures are lower particularly in the hot season due to strong
sea breeze. The period from March to May is one of the steady rise in temperature.
April and May are usually the hottest months of the year during which the mean daily
maximum temperature is 36.4 0C and the mean daily minimum temperature is 24.6 0C. In
the interior, temperature may be slightly higher. In May and in the early part of June
before the onset of the southwest monsoon, temperature on some occasions may go
upto 470C and weather becomes oppressive. With the onset of the monsoon there is an
appreciable drop in day temperatures, while night temperatures continue to be as those
in the summer season. From October onwards temperatures gradually decrease.
January is the coldest month when the mean daily maximum temperature is about 270C
and the mean daily minimum temperature is about 14.0 0C. In the interior of the district,
temperature may be slightly lower. In association with the western disturbances, the
minimum temperature on one or two occasions may drop down upto about 5 to 6 0C.
The highest maximum temperature ever recorded at Chandbali was 46.7 0C on

12 June 1942. The lowest minimum temperature ever recorded at Chandbali was 5.1 0C
on 14 January 1989.
HUMIDITY
Being a coastal district, values of relative humidity are generally high, about 78%
in the mornings and 70% in the afternoons. The values of relative humidity are higher
during the southwest monsoon season than those during other seasons.
CLOUDINESS
Overcast to heavily clouded skies prevail during the southwest monsoon season.
The cloudiness is moderate with occasionally overcast skies in May and in October. In
the rest of the year skies are mainly clear or lightly clouded.
WINDS
Winds are generally moderate in the post monsoon and cold seasons. In the
summer and southwest monsoon seasons, winds are stronger. In the summer and
southwest monsoon seasons, winds are mainly southerly or southwesterly. Winds are
northerly in the mornings and easterly in the evenings in the post monsoon season and
cold season.
The district is directly on the tracks of most of the cyclonic storms and
depressions which form in the head of the Bay of Bengal in the monsoon season and
cross the Orissa coast. These cause widespread heavy rain and strong winds. A few of
the storms and depressions in the post monsoon season also affect the district.
Sometimes violent thunderstorms occur in the summer season and in October. Even
during the monsoon season, rainfall is often associated with thunder. The
thunderstorms in summer are occasionally accompanied with squalls and hails. During
the cold season fog or mist occurs particularly in the coastal region.
frequency of special weather phenomena respectively for Chandbali observatory.
TABLE - I
HEAVIEST RAINFALL
HIGHEST LOWEST
in 24 HOURS *
Amount
(mm)
of Data & YEARS **
Akhuapada 56 a 11.7 32.6 23.3 56.2 95.3 219.3 341.3 304.9 254.8 148.3 45.3 5.5 1538.5 143 67 342.9 1941 Jul 09
b 1.0 1.8 1.9 3.1 6.2 11.5 15.5 15.3 13.5 7.1 1.5 0.3 78.7 (1917) (1954)
Akhuapada 10 a 7.0 36.0 45.1 40.9 89.9 247.4 265.1 359.4 203.8 140.0 34.5 3.5 1472.6 131 80 347.0 1985 Oct 16
(Hydro) b 0.7 2.2 3.0 3.1 7.0 12.2 13.7 14.6 11.0 4.7 1.5 0.4 74.1 (1985) (1988)
Basudevpur 59 a 12.9 27.9 29.1 67.3 108.4 185.3 284.8 296.0 237.6 154.0 39.3 7.6 1450.2 158 53 261.6 1941 Aug 09
Eram b 0.9 1.8 1.8 3.7 5.5 9.6 14.1 13.8 12.2 6.3 1.4 0.5 71.6 (1933) (1918)
Bhadrak 53 a 17.0 32.9 31.1 52.6 106.3 225.2 322.1 302.5 237.9 153.3 36.4 5.6 1522.9 163 66 428.8 1907 Aug 20
b 1.1 1.9 2.4 3.5 6.3 11.5 15.3 14.8 12.0 6.9 1.3 0.5 77.5 (1917) (1935)
Bhandari 18 a 6.7 34.5 49.9 60.4 112.4 170.9 259.8 312.8 186.9 129.2 30.2 2.7 1356.4 169 61 210.0 1985 Oct 16
Pokhari b 0.5 1.7 2.3 2.8 4.5 8.5 12.1 13.4 10.9 4.4 1.2 0.1 62.4 (1988) (1987)
Chandbali 61 a 11.5 27.6 31.6 41.9 89.8 199.1 327.8 348.7 275.7 206.7 58.6 7.7 1626.7 144 62 514.6 1879 Sep 16
(Obsy) b 0.8 1.6 2.0 2.9 4.6 9.8 14.7 14.4 12.1 7.4 2.0 0.4 72.7 (1946) (1954)
Pirhat 11 a 15.5 15.6 42.9 38.9 37.7 140.0 254.5 257.7 120.6 85.8 17.0 1.4 1027.6 176 70 279.4 1947 Aug 16
b 0.8 0.9 1.4 2.3 1.8 5.4 7.6 6.1 4.1 2.3 0.8 0.2 33.7 (1940) (1944)
Bhadrak a 11.8 29.6 36.1 51.2 91.4 198.2 293.6 311.7 216.8 145.3 37.3 4.9 1427.9 159 72
(District) b 0.8 1.7 2.1 3.1 5.1 9.8 13.3 13.2 10.8 5.6 1.4 0.3 67.2 (1973) (1918)
TABLE - 2
(Data 1901 - 1990)
(BHADRAK)

1001 - 1100 5 1701 - 1800 9
1101 - 1200 7 1801 - 1900 9
1201 - 1300 9 1901 - 2000 2
1301 - 1400 14 2001 - 2100 3
1401 - 1500 5 2101 - 2200 0
1501 - 1600 12 2201 - 2300 2
1601 - 1700 9
TABLE – 3

(CHANDBALI)
Mean Mean
MONTH
0830 1730
IST IST
January 27.3 13.8 33.4 1973 Jan 22 5.1 1989 Jan 14 72 59
February 29.9 17.0 39.3 1973 Feb 19 9.3 1988 Feb 05 75 61
March 33.8 20.8 40.9 1968 Mar 29 12.5 1984 Mar 01 75 61
April 36.4 24.0 43.3 1947 Apr 26 15.6 1987 Apr 28 74 64
May 36.4 25.2 45.4 1966 May 13 17.8 1931 May 08 75 68
June 34.5 25.2 46.7 1942 Jun 12 16.5 1976 Jun 21 80 76
July 31.8 24.7 42.8 1959 Jul 22 20.1 1987 Jul 13 85 82
August 31.5 24.9 36.4 1987 Aug 02 20.0 1969 Aug 24 85 82
October 31.6 22.9 39.9 1969 Oct 22 14.4 1988 Oct 28 80 76
November 30.0 18.3 34.5 1989 Nov 07 9.8 1985 Nov 30 74 67
December 27.5 13.7 32.8 1949 Dec 02 7.7 1974 Dec 27 71 60
Annual 31.9 21.3 78 70
Extremes of temperature updated upto 1992

TABLE - 4
(CHANDBALI)
5.5 6.7 9.8 14.0 15.4 11.9 10.0 9.5 8.0 5.3 5.1 4.9 8.8
TABLE – 5

(CHANDBALI)
Mean No.of
Days With
Hail 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2
Thunder 0.0 0.4 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.1 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.0 0.0 6.5
Fog 1.2 0.7 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.2 2.6
Dust-storm 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squall 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1
BOLANGIR DISTRICT
The climate of this district which is in the northeastern corner of the Deccan
plateau is similar to that of the adjoining districts of the Deccan plateau, the heat in
summer however being milder. The year may be divided into four seasons. The
hot/summer season from March to May is followed by the southwest monsoon season
lasting upto about the end of September. October and November constitute the post
monsoon season. The cold/winter season is from December to February.
RAINFALL
Records of rainfall in the district are available for 9 stations for the period ranging
mm. The variation in the annual rainfall from year to year is not large. In the 89 year
period from 1902 to 1990 for which annual rainfall data are available, the highest
annual rainfall amounting to 172% of the normal, occurred in 1917 while the lowest
annual rainfall which was 56% of the normal, occurred in 1974. During the same period
annual rainfall less than 80% of the normal occurred in 5 years and none of them being
consecutive. It is seen from Table 2 that the annual rainfall in the district was between
1001 and 1700 mm in 62 years out of 76.
in a year in the district. This number varies from 49 at Agalpur to 67 at Bolangir and
Titlagarh observatory.
mm at Bolangir observatory on 15 July 1958.
TEMPERATURE
There are two meteorological observatories in the district, one at Titlagarh and
the other at Bolangir. The description of the climate which follows is based on the
records of meteorological parameters for Titlagarh and Bolangir, which may be taken as
representative of the conditions in the district as a whole. The hot season commences
by about the beginning of March, when temperature begins to rise. May is the hottest
month when the mean daily maximum temperature is 40.8 0C at Bolangir and 43.2 0C at
Titlagarh whereas the mean daily minimum temperature is 27.9 0C at Bolangir and
26.3 0C at Titlagarh. During April and May, on individual days, the maximum
temperature may sometimes rise upto about 490C. With the onset of the southwest
monsoon by about the second week of June, temperatures drop appreciably and
throughout the monsoon season, the weather is generally cool. In October, after the
southwest monsoon withdraws by about the first week, the day temperatures are nearly
the same as in the previous month but the nights become cooler. From November, both
the temperatures decrease progressively, the drop in night temperatures being more
rapid. December is usually the coldest month with the mean daily maximum
temperature of 26.4 0C at Bolangir and 29.7 0C at Titlagarh and the mean daily minimum
temperature of 15.3 0C at Bolangir and 13.3 0C at Titlagarh. In the cold season short
spells of colder weather occur in the wake of western disturbances passing across
north India and the minimum temperature sometimes goes down upto about 5 0C to 6 0C.
The highest maximum temperature ever recorded at Titlagarh was 49.6 0C on 26

April 1976 and ever recorded lowest minimum temperature was 5.6 0C on 12 January
1950, whereas the highest maximum temperature ever recorded at Bolangir was
49.0 0C on 22 April 1973 and the ever recorded lowest minimum temperature was 4.7 0C
on 24 December 1992.
HUMIDITY
The values of relative humidity are high, about 80%, in the southwest monsoon
season and about 68% in the post-monsoon season. The air becomes gradually drier
thereafter. Summer is the driest part of the year with the values of relative humidity,
often going down below 35%, particularly in the afternoons.
CLOUDINESS
During the southwest monsoon season, skies are generally heavily clouded to
overcast. In the summer and post-monsoon seasons, there is moderate cloudiness, the
afternoons being more cloudy than the mornings. In the other months, skies are mainly
clear or lightly clouded.
WINDS
Winds are generally light to moderate throughout the year except in the late
summer and early monsoon season, when the winds are stronger. From November
onwards, northerly or northeasterly winds are predominant upto the month of March.
From April onwards, southerly or southwesterly winds prevail upto the month of
October.
Storms and depressions, originating in the Bay of Bengal during the monsoon
season and in October pass through the district or its neighbourhood and cause
widespread heavy rain and strong winds. Thunderstorms, mostly in the afternoons
occur in the summer season and in October. Rain during the southwest monsoon
season is also very ofte n associated with thunder. Fog occurs during the cold season.
Tables 3, 4 and 5 and Tables 3(a), 4(a) and 5(a) give the temperature and
humidity, mean wind speed and special weather phenomena respectively for Titlagarh
and Bolangir observatories.
TABLE - I
HEAVIEST RAINFALL
HIGHEST LOWEST
in 24 HOURS *
Amount
(mm)
of Data & YEARS **
Agalpur 10 a 3.9 24.6 18.3 8.4 29.7 159.7 324.4 275.7 170.7 46.5 0.0 6.8 1068.7 126 57 325.0 1992 Jul 28
b 0.5 1.2 2.0 0.8 1.6 6.7 12.8 11.9 8.5 3.0 0.0 0.5 49.5 (1971) (1974)
Bolangir 58 a 13.9 18.3 15.9 25.1 41.4 235.9 378.9 382.4 223.6 65.4 13.8 3.9 1418.5 157 63 282.2 1905 Sep 08
b 0.8 1.5 1.3 2.0 2.9 10.4 16.2 16.1 11.1 3.9 0.9 0.3 67.4 (1917) (1935)
Bolangir 34 a 8.2 18.3 18.0 25.8 31.3 202.1 405.4 323.3 214.0 67.0 10.3 4.3 1328.0 147 63 325.8 1958 Jul 15
(Obsy) b 0.8 1.5 1.4 2.1 2.5 9.9 16.5 15.2 9.9 3.9 0.5 0.4 64.6 (1990) (1974)
Mallipund 14 a 19.2 15.7 15.7 9.1 28.6 211.1 440.0 322.0 264.7 54.9 0.2 1.4 1382.6 141 65 308.0 1970 Jul 01
b 1.1 1.6 1.1 0.9 2.1 9.5 16.1 14.5 9.8 3.1 0.0 0.1 59.9 (1970) (1957)
Muribahal 12 a 11.6 10.3 8.3 10.2 33.5 255.3 292.7 330.8 286.4 85.0 19.1 0.0 1343.2 184 61 280.0 1985 Sep 04
b 0.4 0.8 0.6 1.2 2.0 10.4 14.8 14.1 9.4 3.1 1.0 0.0 57.8 (1985) (1987)
Saintala 15 a 2.7 7.8 11.1 5.4 17.9 170.6 301.9 334.8 242.6 60.7 0.2 0.0 1155.7 141 64 217.0 1971 Jun 22
b 0.3 0.7 0.6 0.5 1.1 7.6 11.6 14.3 10.1 4.0 0.0 0.0 50.8 (1958) (1974)
Contd..
TABLE - I (Contd…..)
HEAVIEST RAINFALL
HIGHEST LOWEST
in 24 HOURS *
Amount
(mm)
of Data & YEARS **
Titlagarh 23 a 6.0 9.1 15.3 14.5 30.5 204.5 407.5 409.5 278.0 66.4 8.3 0.4 1450.0 138 90 266.6 1967 Aug 02
b 0.6 0.7 1.5 1.5 2.1 9.3 16.7 16.6 12.3 4.3 0.7 0.1 66.4 (1958) (1939)
Titlagarh 41 a 10.8 14.2 25.3 18.6 33.2 219.6 378.4 397.2 241.3 79.9 12.6 3.9 1435.0 158 50 266.6 1967 Aug 02
(Obsy) b 0.9 1.1 2.0 1.8 2.6 10.4 15.9 15.6 11.1 4.4 0.7 0.3 66.8 (1990) (1974)
Turekela 10 a 1.5 0.5 3.8 3.4 3.9 166.4 315.7 227.0 214.9 90.2 0.0 0.0 1027.3 134 64 177.0 1973 Jul 07
b 0.3 0.2 0.6 0.3 0.3 8.5 14.3 13.1 11.8 5.5 0.0 0.0 54.9 (1973) (1952)
Bolangir a 8.6 13.2 14.6 13.4 27.8 202.8 360.5 333.6 237.4 68.4 7.2 2.3 1289.8 172 56
(District) b 0.6 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.9 9.2 15.0 14.6 10.4 3.9 0.4 0.2 59.6 (1917) (1974)
TABLE - 2
(Data 1902 - 1990)
(BOLANGIR)

701 - 800 1 1501 - 1600 7
801 - 900 1 1601 - 1700 7
901 - 1000 1 1701 - 1800 1
1001 - 1100 7 1801 - 1900 2
1101 - 1200 9 1901 - 2000 2
1201 - 1300 9 2001 - 2100 2
1301 - 1400 12 2101 - 2200 2
1401 - 1500 11 2201 - 2300 2
( Data available for 76 years only )
TABLE - 3
(TITLAGARH)
Mean Mean
MONTH
0830 1730
IST IST
January 30.0 13.8 34.7 1980 Jan 31 5.6 1950 Jan 12 61 50
February 33.4 16.8 39.5 1980 Feb 29 8.3 1950 Feb 13 58 45
March 37.8 20.8 46.0 1980 Mar 17 12.1 1984 Mar 05 54 42
April 41.3 23.8 49.6 1976 Apr 26 15.3 1972 Apr 12 53 36
May 43.2 26.3 48.6 1973 May 10, 18.8 1981 May 09 51 38
1984 May 26
June 39.1 25.0 48.5 1985 Jun 07 18.3 1974 Jun 18 68 58
July 33.5 24.1 42.6 1978 Jul 01 17.7 1974 Jul 12 82 77
August 32.7 23.9 39.6 1984 Aug 14 19.3 1974 Aug 02 83 79
October 33.5 22.3 39.6 1984 Oct 08 14.6 1963 Oct 02 77 69
November 31.6 17.4 38.1 1976 Nov 09, 9.3 1970 Nov 30 69 60
1984 Nov 01
December 29.7 13.3 37.6 1984 Dec 08 7.2 1955 Dec 28 64 52
Annual 34.9 20.9 67 57
TABLE - 4
(TITLAGARH)
3.3 3.4 3.9 4.3 4.0 4.8 4.5 3.9 3.4 2.9 2.8 2.6 3.7
TABLE - 5
(TITLAGARH)
Mean No.of
Days With
Hail 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2
Thunder 0.1 0.5 1.6 1.9 1.4 3.6 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.1 0.0 0.0 15.2
Fog 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2
Dust-storm 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
TABLE - 3(a)
(BOLANGIR)
Mean Mean
MONTH
0830 1730
IST IST
January 27.6 15.7 39.7 1973 Jan 09 6.3 1992 Jan 14 68 48
February 31.0 18.5 38.8 1963 Feb 21 8.3 1992 Feb 12 62 41
March 35.4 22.5 42.3 1972 Mar 30, 10.2 1983 Mar 24 55 37
1990 Mar 23
April 39.3 26.4 49.0 1973 Apr 22
15.5 1992 Apr 01 50 32
May 40.8 27.9 48.3 1973 May 10
16.2 1990 May 01 52 33
June 36.1 26.4 46.0 1967 Jun 03
11.0 1978 Jun 15 69 57
July 30.7 24.5 40.7 1964 Jul 25
11.8 1978 Jul 19 84 79
August 30.2 24.7 39.0 1980 Aug 15
15.4 1978 Aug 28 84 80
September 30.8 24.8 38.4 1960 Sep 11
16.4 1990 Sep 06 82 77
October 30.8 23.1 37.8 1965 Oct 29
11.6 1992 Oct 30 76 67
November 28.6 19.1 36.6 1960 Nov 07
9.1 1992 Nov 30 70 59
December 26.4 15.3 32.6 1967 Dec 01
4.7 1992 Dec 24 69 52
Annual 32.3 22.4 68 55
TABLE - 4(a)
(BOLANGIR)
3.4 3.9 5.1 5.8 6.6 6.6 6.7 5.8 4.9 3.7 3.2 3.0 4.9
TABLE - 5(a)
(BOLANGIR)
Mean No.of
Days With
Hail 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1
Thunder 0.0 0.2 0.7 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.3 1.4 0.9 0.4 0.0 0.0 10.1
Fog 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1
Dust-storm 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squall 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1
BAUDH DISTRICT
Baudh district is located in the northeastern corner of the plateau region and its
climate is more like that of the Deccan plateau. But on account of its location, the
climate of this district is milder than that in the main Deccan region. The year may be
divided into four seasons. The hot weather/summer season is from March to May. The
period from June to September is the southwest monsoon season. October and
November constitute the post monsoon season and the cold/winter season is from
December to February.
RAINFALL
Records of rainfall are available for 3 stations for period ranging from 29 to 71
years. The details of the rainfall at these stations and for the district as a whole are
given in Tables 1 and 2. The average annual rainfall in the district is 1623.1 mm. The
region around Balandapara gets the highest rainfall. Considering the district as a whole,
in the 80 year period from 1911 to 1990, the highest annual rainfall occurred in 1954
when it amounted to 176% of the normal and 1987 was the year with the lowest annual
rainfall which was 49% of the normal. There are 8 years during which rainfall was less
than 80% of the normal, out of which two consecutive years of such a low rainfall
occurred twice during this period, viz. 1923, 1924 and 1987, 1988. It is seen from
Table 2 that the annual rainfall in the district was between 1201 and 1900 mm in 28
years out of 45 years.
in a year in the district. The number of rainy days varies from 58 at Baudha Farm to 81
at Balandapara.
mm at Balandapara on 15 June 1936.
TEMPERATURE
As there is no meteorological observatory in the district, the description of the

climate is based on the observatory in the neighbouring district. The hot season
commences by about the beginning of March. The period from March to second week
of June is one of the continuous increase in temperature and May is the hottest month,
when the mean daily maximum temperature is about 400C and the mean daily minimum
temperature is about 270C. On individual days, the maximum temperature may
sometimes reach about 460C. With the onset of monsoon by about the second week of
June, day temperature drops appreciably and remains steady throughout the season.
After the withdrawal of the southwest monsoon by about the first week of October, both
day and night temperatures begin to drop gradually. December is usually the coldest
month of the year when the mean daily maximum temperature is about 270C and the
mean daily minimum temperature is about 130C. In association with the passage of
western disturbances, short spells of colder weather also occur in the cold season and
the minimum temperature drops down upto 3 0C.
HUMIDITY
The humidity of the air is generally high, about 70 to 75% in the southwest
monsoon and post-monsoon months. April and May are the driest months, when the
afternoons are comparatively drier, with the values of relative humidity being about
35%.
CLOUDINESS
overcast. In the summer and the post-monsoon seasons there is moderate cloudiness,
the afternoons being more cloudy than the mornings. In other months, skies are mainly
WINDS
Winds are generally light to moderate with some increase in force in the
southwest monsoon period. Winds are mostly from directions between south and
southwest in the monsoon season. In the post-monsoon and cold seasons, they are
mainly northerly. During the summer months the winds are variable in direction.
The district is affected by storms and depressions originating in the Bay of

Bengal and passing through the district or its neighbourhood during the southwest
monsoon season and in the month of October, causing stronger winds and widespread
heavy rain. Thunderstorms, mostly in the afternoons, occur in the summer months and
in October. Rain during the southwest monsoon season is also often associated with
thunder. Occasionally, fog occurs in the cold season.
TABLE - I
HEAVIEST RAINFALL
HIGHEST LOWEST
in 24 HOURS *
Amount
(mm)
of Data & YEARS **
Balandapara 45 a 16.9 30.5 21.7 19.1 45.9 303.0 581.0 606.6 349.5 133.0 24.4 3.2 2134.8 160 59 395.0 1936 Jun 15
b 0.9 1.9 1.5 1.4 3.1 10.8 20.0 19.9 13.7 5.9 1.4 0.3 80.8 (1944) (1924)
Baudha Farm 15 a 17.6 24.7 32.5 13.9 29.3 168.1 254.9 470.4 163.2 53.3 20.3 8.4 1256.6 143 64 230.0 1985 Aug 06
b 0.9 1.7 1.8 1.2 2.5 8.5 11.8 15.7 8.6 3.6 1.1 0.4 57.8 (1985) (1987)
Baudh(S) 42 a 16.5 25.1 13.0 16.5 40.0 230.2 419.7 389.5 221.6 85.2 18.8 1.7 1477.8 152 71 315.0 1934 Aug 22
b 1.0 1.5 1.3 1.3 2.6 9.6 16.9 16.6 10.1 4.1 1.2 0.1 66.3 (1936) (1923)
Baudh a 17.0 26.8 22.4 16.5 38.4 233.8 418.5 488.8 244.8 90.5 21.2 4.4 1623.1 176 49
(District) b 0.9 1.7 1.5 1.3 2.7 9.6 16.2 17.4 10.8 4.5 1.2 0.3 68.1 (1954) (1987)
TABLE - 2
(Data 1911 - 1990)
(BAUDH)

801 - 900 1 1901 - 2000 2
901 - 1000 0 2001 - 2100 2
1001 - 1100 1 2101 - 2200 2
1101 - 1200 2 2201 - 2300 4
1201 - 1300 5 2301 - 2400 0
1301 - 1400 6 2401 - 2500 1
1401 - 1500 5 2501 - 2600 0
1501 - 1600 2 2601 - 2700 0
1601 - 1700 2 2701 - 2800 0
1701 - 1800 2 2801 - 2900 2
1801 - 1900 6

CUTTACK DISTRICT
The climate of this district is characterised by a hot summer, high humidity nearly
all the year round and good seasonal rainfall. The winter season from December to
February is followed by the summer season from March to May. The period from
second week of June to September constitutes the southwest monsoon season and the
next two months constitute the post-monsoon season.
RAINFALL
Records of rainfall in the district are available for a good network of 16 raingauge
stations from 20 to 97 years period. The details of rainfall at these stations and for the
district is 1424.3 mm. The rainfall during the southwest monsoon months of June to
September constitutes about 76% of the rainfall, August being the rainiest month. Some
rainfall, mostly as thundershowers, is received in May and in October. The variation in
the annual rainfall from year to year is not large. In the 90 year period from 1901 to
1990, the highest annual rainfall amounting to 147% of the normal occurred in 1936
and the lowest annual rainfall which is 68% of the normal was received in 1957. During
this 90 year period, the annual rainfall was less than 80% of the normal in 5 years, none
of them being consecutive.
in a year in the district. This number varies from 56 at Cuttack Sadari to 77 at Barmul
(Hydro) and Rajathgarh.
mm at Cuttack on 10th August 1934.
TEMPERATURE
There is only one meteorological observatory in the district at Cuttack. Cuttack is

having sufficiently long period data which may be taken as representative of the climatic
conditions in the district as a whole. The period from March to May is one of the steady
rise in temperature. May is usually the hottest month with the mean daily maximum
temperature at 38.1 0C and the mean daily minimum temperature at 26.0 0C. On some
days the maximum temperature may rise above 470C in May and June and due to the
prevailing high humidity, days are oppressive. With the onset of the monsoon in the
second week of June, day temperatures drop appreciably and remain more or less
steady during July to September, but the night temperatures continue to be as in the
summer season. With the withdrawal of the monsoon, both day and night temperatures
begin to decrease, the drop in the night temperatures being more marked. December is
the coldest month with the mean daily maximum temperature at 28.7 0C and the mean
daily minimum temperature at 15.3 0C. Occasionally cold waves affect the district in the
wake of western disturbances passing across north India and the night temperatures
may then drop down upto about 8 0C, or even a little lower.
The highest maximum temperature ever recorded at Cuttack was 47.7 0C on 02
May 1957 and the lowest minimum temperature ever recorded was 7.8 0C on 04
January 1923.
HUMIDITY
Relative humidity is generally high, about 70%, throughout the year. In the
monsoon season, the relative humidity is maximum at about 80%. The driest part of the
year is the winter and summer seasons when the afternoon relative humidity ranges
between 45 and 60%.
CLOUDINESS
Skies are overcast or heavily clouded in the southwest monsoon season. In the
latter half of the summer season and in October, skies are moderately clouded. Mostly
clear or lightly clouded skies are common in the rest of the year.
WINDS
Winds are generally light to moderate in the post monsoon and winter seasons,
and strong in summer and southwest monsoon seasons. In the summer and southwest
monsoon seasons, winds are mainly southerly or southwesterly. In the post-monsoon
and winter seasons, winds are calm or light and variable in direction.
Most of the depressions and storms originating in the Bay of Bengal in the
monsoon season cross the Orissa coast and move in a westerly direction. These
systems affect the district causing widespread heavy rain and gusty winds.
Occasionally, post-monsoon storms also affect the district similarly. During the period
March to October, thunderstorms are common. During the winter season fog is
experienced occasionally.
frequency of special weather phenomena respectively for Cuttack observatory.
TABLE - I
HEAVIEST RAINFALL
HIGHEST LOWEST
in 24 HOURS *
Amount
(mm)
of Data & YEARS **
Athgarh 18 a 16.6 30.9 29.5 37.2 58.5 266.0 352.3 327.2 265.9 81.8 41.2 2.8 1509.9 132 69 248.0 1973 Sep 08
b 1.0 1.9 2.2 1.8 3.4 10.1 14.9 13.9 11.2 4.3 1.8 0.3 66.8 (1973) (1987)
Banki 60 a 11.4 28.6 18.8 26.1 63.1 223.2 329.4 322.7 240.6 142.6 39.3 6.1 1451.9 158 62 302.7 1896 Oct 18
Bankigarh b 0.7 1.6 1.3 1.9 4.1 10.7 14.9 14.6 12.1 7.0 1.7 0.5 71.1 (1936) (1918)
Baramba 63 a 11.1 29.2 25.2 36.7 64.7 207.2 331.1 322.8 249.5 133.6 36.2 6.8 1454.1 136 75 219.7 1947 Aug 27
b 0.9 1.8 1.9 2.8 4.7 10.9 15.5 14.9 12.5 6.7 1.5 0.4 74.5 (1933) (1918)
Barmul 24 a 11.4 22.1 30.0 26.7 47.5 224.0 358.0 328.0 264.7 145.1 17.0 0.9 1475.4 130 72 218.6 1961 Sep 07
(Hydro) b 0.9 1.0 1.9 2.5 3.6 11.2 16.9 17.3 13.6 7.1 1.3 0.1 77.4 (1956) (1957)
Cuttack 55 a 10.5 28.6 18.9 28.8 77.2 229.3 346.2 364.5 241.5 152.8 43.9 6.3 1548.5 158 61 416.8 1934 Aug 10
b 0.9 1.6 1.2 2.0 4.6 11.2 15.0 15.6 12.8 7.1 1.6 0.4 74.0 (1936) (1918)
Cuttack 89 a 11.0 27.2 24.7 31.0 80.3 220.3 339.6 356.2 246.6 146.4 37.3 5.0 1525.6 155 58 320.8 1933 Aug 04
(Obsy) b 0.7 1.7 1.6 2.2 4.7 11.2 15.7 16.0 12.8 7.2 1.6 0.3 75.7 (1956) (1957)
Cuttack 17 a 1.0 26.8 31.2 28.5 49.8 191.4 222.4 349.7 202.8 84.0 41.6 0.2 1229.4 184 76 306.0 1967 Jul 27
Sadari b 0.1 1.1 1.6 1.5 3.1 8.9 11.5 12.4 9.6 4.6 1.8 0.0 56.2 (1967) (1984)
Mahanga 14 a 5.3 32.6 30.3 22.7 64.4 197.2 280.8 372.5 265.4 124.7 65.9 2.9 1464.7 126 77 281.0 1987 Jul 19
b 0.3 1.8 2.0 1.9 3.7 9.5 12.6 15.0 12.0 4.9 1.7 0.2 65.6 (1985) (1989)
Marihanghai 18 a 9.8 29.4 39.4 21.0 96.4 152.7 199.1 335.6 197.1 146.5 86.8 1.6 1315.4 210 72 300.7 1977 Jul 03
b 0.8 1.2 2.4 1.5 3.4 8.2 9.7 15.2 10.5 5.6 1.7 0.2 60.4 (1977) (1982)
Naraj 11 a 8.6 34.1 39.4 37.7 103.4 245.1 335.7 373.5 223.1 111.3 61.2 4.4 1577.5 142 80 304.0 1986 Jul 21
(Hydro) b 0.6 2.3 2.5 2.3 5.2 12.1 13.7 16.3 11.9 4.3 2.0 0.6 73.8 (1986) (1982)
Contd..
TABLE - I (Contd……..)
HEAVIEST RAINFALL
HIGHEST LOWEST
in 24 HOURS *
Amount
(mm)
of Data
& YEARS **
Narsingpur 68 a 12.1 30.6 22.5 36.1 69.2 217.9 364.2 313.3 210.7 106.2 32.7 3.5 1419.0 173 62 317.5 1899 Oct 15
b 0.8 1.7 1.8 2.5 4.3 10.4 16.3 15.0 11.4 5.7 1.3 0.3 71.5 (1922) (1902)
Niuli 14 a 13.1 18.5 23.5 26.6 79.0 150.3 224.9 359.1 198.2 91.0 56.3 0.0 1240.5 153 69 179.0 1992 Jul 27
b 1.1 1.0 1.4 1.7 3.3 7.8 13.0 14.9 11.1 5.3 1.8 0.0 62.4 (1990) (1987)
Rajathgarh 48 a 12.0 27.8 16.0 27.5 72.1 215.1 346.8 335.7 217.1 121.9 42.6 3.6 1438.2 144 68 262.4 1936 Jun 13
b 0.9 2.0 1.2 1.9 4.9 11.4 16.5 16.4 13.5 6.4 1.7 0.3 77.1 (1936) (1921)
Salepur 61 a 10.3 31.1 15.5 23.1 81.0 196.0 289.0 293.3 218.9 152.6 42.9 6.8 1360.5 169 58 317.5 1925 Jun 27
b 0.7 1.6 0.9 1.4 4.4 8.9 13.5 13.5 11.5 6.6 1.2 0.3 64.5 (1925) (1939)
Tangichondwar 15 a 2.8 28.3 15.5 27.9 75.5 214.0 317.6 368.8 213.9 140.2 46.4 10.9 1461.8 132 55 241.0 1987 Jun 23
b 0.1 1.4 1.1 1.6 3.6 9.3 12.1 14.7 9.2 6.1 1.8 0.4 61.4 (1986) (1974)
Tigiriagarh 35 a 11.2 31.1 15.5 15.3 61.1 209.5 295.5 303.4 211.0 129.2 28.7 4.0 1315.5 198 54 255.0 1984 Aug 16
b 0.5 1.4 0.9 1.3 3.2 8.9 14.2 14.8 11.2 6.3 1.3 0.3 64.3 (1955) (1987)
Cuttack a 9.9 28.6 24.7 28.3 71.5 210.0 308.3 339.1 229.2 125.6 45.0 4.1 1424.3 147 68
(District) b 0.7 1.6 1.6 1.9 4.0 10.0 14.1 15.0 11.7 6.0 1.6 0.3 68.5 (1936) (1957)
TABLE - 2
(Data 1901 - 1990)
(CUTTACK)
901 - 1000 2 1501 - 1600 14

1001 - 1100 2 1601 - 1700 10
1101 - 1200 7 1701 - 1800 2
1201 - 1300 11 1801 - 1900 2
1301 - 1400 17 1901 - 2000 2
1401 - 1500 14 2001 - 2100 4
TABLE - 3
(CUTTACK)
Mean Mean
MONTH Relative
Maximum Minimum Maximum Minimum
Humidity
Temperature Temperature ever recorded ever recorded
(%)
0830 1730
IST IST
January 28.8 15.7 35.6 1882 Jan 29 7.8 1923 Jan 04 77 53
February 31.8 18.5 39.1 1969 Feb 28 9.5 1988 Feb 04 75 49
March 35.5 22.0 42.8 1902 Mar 30 14.0 1990 Mar 03 74 50
April 37.7 24.7 45.0 1903 Apr 28 14.9 1966 Apr 19 71 57
May 38.1 26.0 47.7 1957 May 02 14.5 1992 May 14 71 59
June 35.7 25.8 47.2 1948 Jun 06 17.0 1988 Jun 01 75 69
July 32.5 24.9 42.3 1982 Jul 03 18.5 1988 Jul 25 83 80
August 32.1 25.1 38.4 1993 Aug 06 19.0 1987 Aug 05 84 80
October 32.8 23.1 40.0 1972 Oct 13 14.0 1985 Oct 22 76 69
November 30.9 19.3 35.9 1976 Nov 09 10.0 1987 Nov 30 72 60
December 28.7 15.3 33.6 1967 Dec 31 8.5 1987 Dec 29 72 55
Annual 33.1 22.1 76 63
Extremes of temperatures updated upto year 1993.

TABLE - 4
(CUTTACK)
3.8 4.7 7.0 9.1 10.5 7.8 7.6 6.3 5.9 5.3 3.7 3.3 6.3
TABLE - 5
(CUTTACK)
Mean No.of Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual
Days With
.Hail 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1
Thunder 0.0 0.4 1.1 1.9 3.2 3.7 2.4 2.5 2.8 1.1 0.1 0.0 19.2
Fog 1.2 1.1 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 3.2
Dust-storm 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3
DEOGARH DISTRICT
The climate of this district is characterised by hot and dry summer and well
distributed rainfall in the southwest monsoon season. The winter season commences
from December and lasts till the end of February. The hot/summer season follows
thereafter and continues till about the second week of June. The southwest monsoon is
from mid-June to the end of September. October and November constitute the post-
monsoon season.
RAINFALL
Records of rainfall are available for 2 stations viz. Kusumi (Hydro) and Deogarh
Bamra in the district, for the period ranging from 22 and 78 years. The details of the
rainfall at these stations and for the district as a whole are given in Tables 1 and 2. The
average annual rainfall in the district is 1582.5 mm. About 86% of the annual rainfall is
received in the monsoon season, July and August being the rainiest months.
Considering the district as a whole, in the 76 year period from 1906 to 1981, the annual
rainfall was the highest in 1961 when it amounted to 172% of the normal. The lowest
annual rainfall which amounted to 60% of the normal occurred in 1923. In the same
period, the annual rainfall in the district was less than 80% of the normal in 9 years, out
of 44 years for which the annual rainfall data are available, two of them viz. 1923 and
1924 being consecutive years.
It is seen from Table 2 that the annual rainfall in the district was between 1201
and 2100 mm in 35 years out of 44 years.
in a year in the district.
mm at Deogarh Bamra on 01 August 1943.
TEMPERATURE

follows is mainly based on the records of observatory in the neighbouring district.
Temperature begins to rise steadily from about early March till May which is usually the
hottest month of the year with the mean daily maximum temperature at about 410C and
the mean daily minimum temperature at about 260C. The heat in May and early June
prior to the southwest monsoon is trying and on individual days, the temperature may
reach upto about 46-470C. With the onset of the southwest monsoon by about the
second week of June, day temperatures drop appreciably and throughout the
southwest monsoon season the days are generally cool, but nights continue to be as
warm as the nights in the summer season. After the withdrawal of the monsoon by first
week of October, both day and night temperatures begin to drop steadily. December
and January are usually the coldest months of the year with the mean daily maximum
temperature at about 270C and the mean daily minimum temperature at about 120C. In
association with the passage of western disturbances across north India, during the
winter months, short spells of cold weather occur and minimum temperature sometimes
drops down upto about 4 0C.
HUMIDITY
The values of relative humidity are high during the southwest monsoon season
being generally over 80%. In the other months, afternoons are comparatively drier. In
summer afternoons, the values of relative humidity are about 32%.
CLOUDINESS
Skies are heavily clouded to overcast in the monsoon season. In the latter half of
the summer and the post-monsoon months the clouding is moderate. In the rest of the
year, skies are generally clear or lightly clouded.
WINDS
Winds are generally light to moderate with some increase in force in summer
and southwest monsoon seasons. In the post-monsoon and winter season, winds are
mainly from directions, north and northeast. By April, winds from the southwest and
south become more common and these predominate during the period May to
September.
During the monsoon season, depressions from the Bay of Bengal cross the east
coast of India and move in westerly direction. These cause widespread heavy rain and
strong winds. Occasionally storms from the Bay of Bengal may also affect the district in
October. Thunderstorms, mostly in the afternoons occur in summer and October. Rain
during the southwest monsoon season is also often associated with thunder.
Occasional fog occurs in the winter season.
TABLE - I
HEAVIEST RAINFALL
HIGHEST LOWEST
in 24 HOURS *
Amount
(mm)
of Data & YEARS **
Deogarh/ 49 a 17.4 29.8 20.5 25.7 48.9 229.2 452.5 419.8 220.4 102.6 11.9 5.5 1584.2 133 60 330.2 1943 Aug 01
Bamra b 1.1 1.8 1.4 1.8 3.5 10.7 18.8 18.5 13.3 5.8 1.1 0.4 78.2 (1909) (1923)
Kusumi 22 a 10.7 24.1 20.7 16.8 34.9 255.5 442.8 466.9 235.9 66.1 4.1 1.4 1579.9 172 65 295.8 1960 Aug 15
(Hydro) b 0.8 1.7 1.5 1.9 2.5 10.5 18.4 18.4 11.9 4.3 0.5 0.3 72.7 (1961) (1954)
Deogarh a 14.1 27.0 20.6 21.3 41.9 242.4 447.7 443.4 228.2 84.4 8.0 3.5 1582.5 172 60
(District) b 1.0 1.8 1.5 1.9 3.0 10.6 18.6 18.5 12.6 5.1 0.8 0.4 75.8 (1961) (1923)
TABLE - 2
(Data 1906 - 1981)
(DEOGARH)

901 - 1000 1 1901 - 2000 3
1001 - 1100 2 2001 - 2100 5
1101 - 1200 3 2101 - 2200 1
1201 - 1300 5 2201 - 2300 1
1301 - 1400 3 2301 - 2400 0
1401 - 1500 5 2401 - 2500 0
1501 - 1600 4 2501 - 2600 0
1601 - 1700 2 2601 - 2700 0
1701 - 1800 4 2701 - 2800 1
1801 - 1900 4
(Data available for 44 years only.)
DHENKANAL DISTRICT
The climate of this district which is in the plateau region to the west of the
eastern ghats is more like that of the Deccan plateau than that of the east coast region.
Being in the northeastern corner of the Deccan plateau the climate is milder than in the
main Deccan region. The year may be divided into four seasons. The hot season is
from March to first week of June. The period from second week of June to September is
the southwest monsoon season. October and November constitute the post-monsoon
season and the cold/winter season is from December to February.
RAINFALL
Records of rainfall are available for 7 stations for 17 to 97 years period. The
details of rainfall at these stations and for the district as a whole are given in Tables 1
and 2. The average annual rainfall in the district is 1428.8 mm. 78% of the annual
rainfall occurs during southwest monsoon season. The variation in the annual rainfall
from year to year is not large. In the ninety year period 1901 to 1990 the highest annual
rainfall occurred in 1957 when it amounted to 141% of the normal. 1918 was the year
with the lowest annual rainfall which was 60% of the normal. There were 3 years in this
period when the rainfall was less than 80% of the normal and none of them were
consecutive. It is seen from Table 2 that the rainfall in the district was between 1201
and 1600 mm in 41 years out of 61.
in a year. This number varies from 62 at Parjanga to 76 at Gondia.
mm at Hindol on 17 Jul 1991.
TEMPERATURE
There is no meteorological observatory in the district. So the description which

follows is based on the observatory in the neighbouring district for which data of
sufficiently long period are available. The hot season commences by about the
beginning of March when temperatures begin to rise rapidly. May is the hottest month
when the mean daily maximum temperature is about 400C. With the onset of the
monsoon early in June, day temperatures drop appreciably and throughout the
southwest monsoon season the days are generally cool, but nights continue to be as
warm as the nights in the summer season. After the withdrawal of the monsoon by the
first week of October, both day and night temperatures begin to drop steadily.
December is usually the coldest month of the year with the mean daily minimum
temperature of 13.9 0C. In association with the passage of western disturbances across
north India during the winter months, short spells of cold weather occur and the
minimum temperature sometimes drops down upto about 4 - 50C.
HUMIDITY
The humidity of the air is generally high about 77% especially in the southwest
monsoon months. In the other months, the afternoons are comparatively drier. In the
summer afternoons, the relative humidities are between 35 and 40%.
CLOUDINESS
overcast. In the summer and the post monsoon months there is moderate cloudiness,
the afternoons being more cloudy than the mornings. In other months skies are mainly
WINDS
Winds are generally light to moderate with some increase in force in summer
and southwest monsoon seasons. Winds during mornings blow mainly from west or
northwest except during summer when they are variable. During winter season, the
wind in the afternoons blows from the sector northwest to east. During summer season,
southerlies/westerlies prevail in the afternoons while during the monsoon season winds
blow from directions between south and west.
The district is affected by storms and depressions in the monsoon season and in
October, when winds increase in force and widespread heavy rain occurs.
Thunderstorms, mostly in the afternoons occur in the summer months and during
September and October. Rain during the southwest monsoon season is also often
associated with thunder. Occasional fog occurs in the cold season.
TABLE - I
HEAVIEST RAINFALL
HIGHEST LOWEST
in 24 HOURS *
Amount
(mm)
of Data & YEARS **
Bhuban 15 a 7.1 19.2 43.0 48.6 58.9 204.8 311.1 353.2 211.5 111.4 44.3 4.4 1417.5 158 76 246.0 1986 Aug 20
b 0.4 1.0 1.8 2.3 4.3 9.9 13.7 14.6 11.9 5.5 1.5 0.3 67.2 (1990) (1987)
Dhenkanal 72 a 10.0 33.6 24.9 34.5 81.9 223.4 355.7 355.2 242.4 119.1 34.3 3.5 1518.5 151 56 230.9 1908 Jun 24
b 0.7 1.9 1.6 2.1 4.6 10.6 16.2 16.5 12.9 6.2 1.4 0.3 75.0 (1936) (1918)
Gondia 10 a 12.9 10.0 37.9 65.3 66.5 226.1 319.9 374.0 250.2 109.8 47.6 0.0 1520.2 139 69 223.0 1986 Aug 20
b 1.0 0.7 2.7 3.4 4.9 11.7 14.8 16.9 12.6 5.0 1.9 0.0 75.6 (1990) (1984)
Hindol 74 a 11.1 28.9 29.8 35.4 66.1 233.6 316.2 312.9 235.2 121.6 37.5 2.6 1430.9 134 63 305.0 1991 Jul 17
b 0.8 1.9 1.9 2.6 4.4 11.4 16.2 15.8 12.4 6.1 1.4 0.2 75.1 (1933) (1987)
Kamakhyanagar 70 a 14.9 25.8 18.5 38.9 80.9 204.6 337.7 339.7 237.0 106.2 21.8 3.2 1429.2 159 57 233.7 1936Oct 05
b 1.0 1.4 1.4 2.5 4.9 10.4 16.3 15.8 12.9 5.8 1.1 0.3 73.8 (1985) (1918)
Kamakhyanagar 10 a 12.3 26.6 56.7 37.3 85.5 278.2 326.2 365.6 213.2 90.3 32.8 0.8 1525.5 121 93 202.0 1995 Jul 02
Hydro b 1.0 1.6 3.2 2.2 5.8 11.8 15.1 16.4 10.3 3.9 1.3 0.1 72.7 (1985) (1980)
Parjanga 13 a 5.5 8.9 25.1 29.1 47.4 209.4 258.2 312.7 154.8 72.2 35.4 0.7 1159.4 142 70 146.0 1991 Aug 13
b 0.4 0.8 2.3 2.1 3.0 10.0 12.6 16.0 8.8 4.2 1.9 0.1 62.2 (1990) (1981)
Dhenkanal a 10.5 21.9 33.7 41.3 69.6 225.7 317.9 344.8 220.6 104.4 36.2 2.2 1428.8 141 60
District b 0.8 1.3 2.1 2.5 4.6 10.8 15.0 16.0 11.7 5.2 1.5 0.2 71.7 (1957) (1918)
TABLE - 2
(Data 1901 - 1990)
(DHENKANAL)

801 - 900 1 1501 - 1600 7
901 - 1000 0 1601 - 1700 3
1001 - 1100 1 1701 - 1800 7
1101 - 1200 4 1801 - 1900 2
1201 - 1300 12 1901 - 2000 1
1301 - 1400 7 2001 - 2100 1
1401 - 1500 15

GAJAPATI DISTRICT
The climate of the district is characterised by high humidity nearly all the year
round, oppressive summer and well distributed seasonal rainfall. The summer season
is from March to first week of June. This is followed by the southwest monsoon season
which lasts till September. October and November constitute the post monsoon season.
December to February is the winter season of fine weather.
RAINFALL
from 15 to 110 years. Details of the rainfall at these stations and for the district as a
mm. In general, hilly parts of the district receive more rain. R. Udaigiri (Hydro), a
station in the hilly area, receives 1576.9 mm of annual rainfall while Parlakhemundi
(Hydro), a station in the plain area of the southernmost boundary of the district,
receives 1292.7 mm of the annual rainfall. The southwest monsoon commences in the
district by about the second week of June and withdraws early in October. About 66%
of the annual rainfall is received during the southwest monsoon season. August is the
rainiest month. The variation in the rainfall from year to year is not large. Considering
the district as a whole, during the 90 year period from 1901 to 1990, the highest annual
rainfall in the district amounting to 146% of the normal occurred in 1990 and the lowest
annual rainfall which was 61% of the normal occurred in 1935. There were three years
in which the annual rainfall was less than 80% of the normal, none of them were
consecutive.
It is seen from Table 2 that in 41 years out of 59 years, the rainfall was between
1201 mm and 1700 mm in the district.
a year in the district. This number varies from 60 at Parlakhemundi (Hydro) to 83 at
Ram Udayagiri.
The heaviest rainfall in 24 hours which occurred at any station in the district was
319.2 mm on 04 November 1990 at Mohana (Hydro).
TEMPERATURE

follows is based on the records of the neighbouring observatories where similar climatic
conditions prevail. The period from March to June is one of the continuous increase of
temperature, June being the hottest month with the mean daily maximum temperature
at about 33.0 0C and the mean daily minimum temperature at about 26.0 0C. With the
arrival of the southwest monsoon by about second week of June, day and night
temperatures drop a little and remain steady upto September. After the first week of
October, when the southwest monsoon withdraws, temperatures decrease
progressively, the drop in night temperatures being more rapid. This drop in
temperature continues upto January. December and January are the coldest months
with the mean daily maximum temperature at about 280C and the mean daily minimum
temperature at about 170C.
On individual days in hot summer months, prior to the onset of the southwest
monsoon, the maximum temperature may, sometimes reach upto about 440C and in
winter season minimum temperature may drop upto about 9.0 0C.
HUMIDITY
The air is generally humid throughout the year. The values of relative humidity
are about 78% except in the summer months, when these may be slightly less,
especially in the afternoons.
CLOUDINESS
The skies are generally heavily clouded to overcast during the southwest
monsoon season. Moderate clouding prevails in the post monsoon season. Clo udiness
decreases thereafter.
WINDS
Winds are generally light to moderate in speed with some strengthening in force
during summer and southwest monsoon seasons, when winds are mostly from south
and southwest directions. From October onwards, winds become northerly or
northwesterly in the mornings and easterly in the afternoons. From February onwards,
winds become southerly.
During the southwest monsoon, pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons,

depressions and cyclonic storms originating in the Bay of Bengal cross the east coast in
the neighbourhood of the district causing widespread rains and gusty winds.
Thunderstorms occur mostly during March, April and October. During the monsoon
period also rainfall is associated with thunder. The thunderstorms are many times
accompanied with squalls and hails. Fog occurs occasionally in the winter season.
TABLE - I
HEAVIEST RAINFALL
HIGHEST LOWEST
in 24 HOURS *
Amount
(mm)
of Data & YEARS **
Gumma 58 a 7.3 17.0 21.2 49.0 86.4 188.4 240.8 288.1 230.9 166.7 56.4 7.6 1359.8 151 50 271.8 1909 Jul 09
b 0.4 1.0 1.3 3.1 4.6 7.8 10.9 12.0 10.6 6.7 2.1 0.4 60.9 (1909) (1930)
Mohana 33 a 7.7 18.5 29.1 77.5 101.7 172.4 209.3 221.7 236.0 224.7 53.0 9.1 1360.7 135 58 317.0 1938 Oct 10
b 0.8 1.4 2.5 5.9 6.0 10.0 12.7 13.4 12.9 9.4 2.8 0.6 78.4 (1958) (1935)
Mohana 10 a 11.8 27.2 61.1 65.0 128.0 188.5 197.8 261.3 220.0 135.9 112.2 6.4 1415.2 141 57 319.2 1990 Nov 04
(Hydro) b 0.8 2.0 3.5 4.5 7.9 10.4 10.6 13.2 11.0 5.5 2.5 0.3 72.2 (1990) (1984)
Parlakhemundi 10 a 7.5 16.5 51.4 54.2 66.6 199.6 203.6 209.1 264.9 163.8 54.2 1.3 1292.7 139 96 278.0 1994 Oct 20
(Hydro) b 0.6 1.4 2.5 3.3 4.8 7.1 10.1 11.0 12.6 5.5 1.0 0.2 60.1 (1986) (1984)
Parlakimedi 62 a 6.1 21.6 25.8 48.7 85.8 160.3 209.6 240.5 250.1 184.5 58.4 5.0 1296.4 140 53 279.1 1923 Nov 18
b 0.4 1.2 1.5 2.9 4.7 8.0 11.5 12.4 12.1 7.2 2.0 0.2 64.1 (1932) (1935)
R. Udaigiri 10 a 8.0 37.1 64.1 88.1 152.6 272.7 274.2 260.4 236.0 135.4 44.0 4.3 1576.9 116 103 231.0 1989 Jun 13
(Hydro) b 0.7 2.1 3.1 4.3 7.1 11.8 15.2 14.8 12.4 6.8 2.0 0.1 80.4 (1990) (1982)
Ram Udayagiri 62 a 8.6 23.2 36.6 73.6 133.3 216.2 279.1 294.4 227.4 169.0 54.5 6.2 1522.1 159 68 292.1 1911 Sep 24
b 0.8 1.6 2.3 5.3 7.3 11.2 15.0 15.8 12.7 7.8 2.4 0.5 82.7 (1925) (1939)
Gajapati a 8.1 23.0 41.3 65.2 107.8 199.7 230.6 253.6 237.9 168.6 61.8 5.7 1403.3 146 61
(District) b 0.6 1.5 2.4 4.2 6.1 9.5 12.3 13.2 12.0 7.0 2.1 0.3 71.2 (1990) (1935)
TABLE - 2
(Data 1901 - 1990)
(GAJAPATI)

801 - 900 1 1501 - 1600 7
901 - 1000 1 1601 - 1700 8
1001 - 1100 1 1701 - 1800 6
1101 - 1200 6 1801 - 1900 1
1201 - 1300 10 1901 - 2000 1
1301 - 1400 8 2001 - 2100 1
1401 - 1500 8
GANJAM DISTRICT
The climate of the district is characterised by an equable temperature all the year
round particularly in the coastal regions and high humidity throughout the year. The
winter season from December to February is followed by the hot season from March to
middle of June. The period from middle of June to September is the southwest
monsoon season. October and November constitute the post-monsoon season or
transition period.
RAINFALL
from 17 to 127 years. Details of the rainfall at these stations and for the district as a
mm. The rainfall generally increases from the coastal area towards the western parts of
the district. Surada near the western border of the district has an annual rainfall of
1463.0 mm in a year while Rambha near the coast gets only 1148.5 mm of rainfall. The
southwest monsoon commences in the district by about the second week of June and
withdraws early in October. About 67% of the annual rainfall is received during the
southwest monsoon season. August is the rainiest month. The variation in the rainfall
from year to year is not large. During the 90 year period from 1901 to 1990, the highest
annual rainfall in the district amounting to 164% of the normal occurred in 1919 while
the lowest annual rainfall which was 43% of the normal occurred in 1967. Considering
the district as a whole, there were 11 years in which the rainfall was less than 80% of
the normal. No consecutive years of such a low rainfall occurred in this 90 years'
period. It is seen from Table 2 that in 71 years out of 83, the rainfall was between
901 mm and 1600 mm in the district.
On an average, there are 64 rainy days (i.e. days with rain of 2.5 mm or more)
in a year in the district. This number varies from 51 at Rambha to 77 at Russelkonda.
The heaviest rainfall in 24 hours which occurred at any station in the district was
445.0 mm on 04 November 1990 at Dingapahandi.
TEMPERATURE
There is only one meteorological observatory at Gopalpur with records extending

over a large number of years. The description which follows is based on the records of
this observatory. In the inland hilly tracts, temperatures may be higher in the hot months
and lower in the winter by a few degree. The period from March to June is one of
continuous increase in temperature. June is the hottest month with the mean daily
maximum temperature at 32.6 0C and the mean daily minimum temperature at 26.6 0C.
With the arrival of the monsoon by about the second week of June, day temperatures
decrease a little while night temperatures continue to be as in summer. After the end of
September when the southwest monsoon withdraws, temperatures decrease
progressively, the drop in night temperatures being more rapid. December and January
are the coldest months with the mean daily minimum temperature at about 16.7 0C and
the mean daily maximum at about 27.7 0C.
The highest maximum temperature ever recorded at Gopalpur was 440C on 12
June 1965 and the ever recorded lowest minimum temperature was 9.6 0C on 30
November 1970.
HUMIDITY
The values of relative humidity are high, about 80%, throughout the year,
specially in the coastal areas. In the interior of the district, they may be slightly lower,
particularly in the afternoons, in the non-monsoon months.
CLOUDINESS
Skies are clear or lightly clouded in the cold season. In the summer months,
clouding is moderate. Heavily clouded to overcast skies prevail during the southwest
monsoon season. Cloudiness decreases thereafter.
WINDS
Winds are fairly strong, particularly in the coastal regions, in the summer and
monsoon months. In the rest of the year they are generally moderate. In the post-
monsoon and cold seasons, winds blow from north or northwest directions in the
mornings and from east and southeast in the afternoons. From February onwards,
southerly wind prevails. In the summer and southwest monsoon seasons, winds are
mainly southerly or southwesterly.
Depressions and cyclonic storms originating in the Bay of Bengal in the pre-
monsoon, monsoon and post monsoon months, cross the east coast in the
neighbourhood of the district, causing heavy rain and high winds in the district.
Thunderstorms, sometimes violent, occur in the pre-monsoon months of April, May and
in October. During the monsoon period also, the rainfall is associated with thunder. The
thunderstorms are occasionally accompanied with squalls and hails. During the winter
season occasional fog occurs in the district.
frequency of special weather phenomena respectively for Gopalpur observatory.
TABLE - I
HEAVIEST RAINFALL
HIGHEST LOWEST
in 24 HOURS *
Amount
(mm)
of Data & YEARS **
Aska 66 a 8.1 22.4 25.1 48.6 81.6 172.4 238.7 260.2 231.8 183.3 65.6 7.4 1345.2 199 68 276.9 1875 Sep 17
b 0.8 1.5 1.9 3.3 4.9 9.5 13.2 13.8 12.5 7.6 2.1 0.5 71.6 (1933) (1918)
Berhampur 58 a 11.1 25.1 17.3 25.6 57.5 141.8 190.8 205.9 228.1 199.5 88.0 13.9 1204.6 177 59 313.9 1895 Oct 27
b 0.7 1.3 1.2 1.9 3.6 7.9 10.2 11.6 11.0 7.1 2.3 0.6 59.4 (1919) (1911)
Bhanjanagar 17 a 10.5 44.4 32.1 54.8 67.4 192.5 237.1 292.8 185.4 148.9 76.7 0.9 1343.5 161 66 160.0 1992 Jun 18
b 0.5 2.2 2.3 3.7 3.9 9.0 14.1 14.4 10.4 7.0 2.2 0.2 69.9 (1990) (1984)
Buguda 16 a 7.3 28.0 90.4 41.1 49.9 129.1 208.6 221.2 182.4 120.4 45.9 2.8 1127.1 146 49 421.0 1978 Aug 21
b 0.5 1.4 2.8 2.8 3.5 7.6 12.7 11.7 11.3 6.8 1.8 0.3 63.2 (1985) (1967)
Chatrapur 63 a 10.7 21.5 20.0 19.9 52.7 131.0 181.1 203.1 204.8 218.2 94.0 13.6 1170.6 165 61 280.9 1899 Oct 14
b 0.6 1.3 1.0 1.5 3.0 7.0 10.1 11.1 10.1 7.8 2.4 0.6 56.5 (1919) (1911)
Dingapahandi 18 a 4.8 25.8 27.7 39.4 71.5 176.8 225.5 210.7 178.1 159.4 96.5 4.8 1221.0 164 47 445.0 1990 Nov 04
b 0.5 1.9 1.9 3.2 4.2 8.2 11.2 11.3 9.0 6.2 2.3 0.5 60.4 (1990) (1982)
Gopalpur 90 a 11.3 24.7 18.3 20.1 45.5 139.2 180.3 199.4 201.1 243.1 85.3 12.2 1180.5 173 56 326.0 1993 Sep 07
(Obsy) b 0.7 1.3 1.1 1.5 2.8 7.3 9.8 10.7 9.4 7.8 2.6 0.5 55.5 (1936) (1920)
Hingli 15 a 8.7 13.2 26.1 16.9 50.5 173.8 235.7 236.0 183.7 164.5 86.5 1.6 1197.2 128 66 175.0 1986 Nov 03
b 0.4 0.9 1.7 1.7 2.9 8.4 11.0 11.3 8.7 6.9 2.5 0.3 56.7 (1955) (1984)
Hiradharbati 10 a 10.3 23.3 40.1 32.5 55.6 191.4 229.6 258.7 229.5 166.1 84.0 4.6 1325.7 127 63 190.2 1980 Oct 18
(Hydro) b 0.9 1.3 2.0 3.3 3.4 10.3 11.7 13.8 9.9 5.9 2.3 0.6 65.4 (1986) (1984)
Kodala 30 a 4.9 17.2 21.9 30.4 62.3 161.5 237.8 278.2 226.3 234.9 38.8 7.7 1321.9 144 72 279.9 1954 Oct 24
b 0.4 1.6 1.5 2.0 3.2 8.0 10.5 12.3 10.5 7.1 1.5 0.6 59.2 (1933) (1935)
Contd..
TABLE - I (Contd………)
HEAVIEST RAINFALL
HIGHEST LOWEST
in 24 HOURS *
Amount
(mm)
of Data & YEARS **
Madhabarida 10 a 8.0 34.3 59.2 40.3 91.8 208.6 210.6 294.0 245.8 142.5 62.1 1.4 1398.6 131 95 217.2 1995 May 11
(Hydro) b 0.6 2.0 3.5 3.4 6.5 10.9 14.3 13.5 10.3 6.1 2.2 0.2 73.5 (1985) (1988)
Purushottampur 60 a 8.8 18.5 17.0 24.0 57.3 159.3 221.0 231.8 241.3 185.4 60.2 11.1 1235.7 157 61 273.0 1957 Aug 25
b 0.6 1.2 1.3 1.7 3.8 8.4 11.5 11.8 10.9 6.9 2.0 0.6 60.7 (1957) (1935)
Rambha 54 a 7.8 24.4 10.7 24.4 54.7 136.8 215.8 208.0 204.6 183.4 69.7 8.2 1148.5 167 45 254.0 1873 Oct 10
b 0.6 1.3 0.8 1.5 2.8 6.5 9.5 10.3 9.2 6.3 1.6 0.4 50.8 (1940) (1911)
Russelkonda 52 a 14.4 22.5 31.8 51.1 77.8 184.3 244.6 276.5 245.1 154.0 49.4 9.8 1361.3 166 53 219.7 1913 Aug 31
b 1.0 1.6 2.0 3.9 5.6 10.8 14.4 15.0 13.1 7.3 2.0 0.7 77.4 (1933) (1918)
Saroda 10 a 10.8 14.9 53.8 56.9 81.5 187.3 222.9 288.1 212.5 161.7 80.1 1.5 1372.0 119 89 213.0 1995 May 10
(Hydro) b 0.9 1.0 4.1 4.4 5.3 10.6 12.7 13.4 10.6 5.5 2.3 0.2 71.0 (1990) (1984)
Surada 64 a 12.5 25.5 30.6 59.5 89.0 206.2 252.4 283.6 259.5 177.4 55.1 11.7 1463.0 225 62 281.7 1889 Nov 20
b 0.8 1.4 2.0 4.2 5.8 9.8 12.6 14.0 12.2 7.4 2.2 0.5 72.9 (1919) (1935)
Ganjam a 9.4 24.1 32.6 36.6 65.4 168.3 220.8 246.8 216.3 177.7 71.1 7.1 1276.2 164 43
(District) b 0.7 1.5 1.9 2.8 4.1 8.8 11.8 12.5 10.6 6.9 2.1 0.5 64.2 (1919) (1967)
TABLE - 2
(Data 1901 - 1990)
(GANJAM)

501 - 600 1 1301 - 1400 10
601 - 700 0 1401 - 1500 6
701 - 800 0 1501 - 1600 6
801 - 900 3 1601 - 1700 3
901 - 1000 7 1701 - 1800 1
1001 - 1100 12 1801 - 1900 2
1101 - 1200 15 1901 - 2000 1
1201 - 1300 15 2001 - 2100 1
TABLE - 3
(GOPALPUR)
Mean Mean
MONTH
0830 1730
IST IST
January 27.5 16.9 34.3 1990 Jan 20 10.0 1899 Jan 10 78 72
February 29.1 19.5 36.7 1954 Feb 13 11.7 1934 Feb 09 77 77
March 30.6 22.6 40.0 1956 Mar 29 15.4 1984 Mar 01 79 83
April 31.1 24.7 39.1 1992 Apr 24 18.5 1967 Apr 25 83 87
May 32.4 26.5 43.3 1915 May 18 19.3 1977 May 06 81 84
June 32.6 26.6 44.0 1965 Jun 12 20.5 1976 Jun 10 82 84
July 31.1 25.8 39.4 1979 Jul 04 20.4 1993 Jul 11 86 87
August 31.4 25.7 37.2 1928 Aug 04 18.6 1976 Aug 27 85 85
October 31.7 23.5 36.3 1957 Oct 11 16.7 1897 Oct 30 82 76
November 30.0 19.7 36.1 1990 Nov 11 9.6 1970 Nov 30 78 68
December 28.0 16.6 33.2 1984 Dec 12 10.0 1902 Dec 29 76 66
Annual 30.6 22.8 81 79

TABLE - 4
(GOPALPUR)
9.6 11.6 15.3 19.6 19.6 16.1 14.4 12.6 10.8 9.2 9.3 9.7 13.2
TABLE - 5
(GOPALPUR)
Mean No.of
Days With
Hail 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thunder 0.0 0.8 2.3 6.0 4.7 6.3 5.7 5.7 7.2 4.7 0.5 0.0 43.9
Fog 0.7 1.3 1.0 1.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 4.9
Dust-storm 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squall 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.0 2.9
JAGATSINGHPUR DISTRICT
The climate of this district is characterised by high humidity, nearly all the year
round, and oppressive summer season and good seasonal rainfall. The summer
season is from March to May. This is followed by the southwest monsoon season
lasting upto September. October and November constitute the post-monsoon season.
The period from December to February is the cold weather/winter season.
RAINFALL
from 19 to 97 years. The details of rainfall at individual stations and for the district as a
mm. The southwest monsoon commences in the district early in June and continues till
the end of September. Considering the district as a whole, about 73% of the annual
rainfall is received during southwest monsoon months i.e. June to September, August
being the rainiest month. A significant amount of rainfall, of about 15% and 9%, also
occurs during the post-monsoon and pre-monsoon seasons respectively. In the 90 year
period from 1901 to 1990, the highest annual rainfall in the district, which was 175% of
the normal, occurred in the year 1936, while the lowest annual rainfall in the district,
which was 67% of the normal, occurred in 1979. In the same period there were four
years, when the annual rainfall in the district was less than 80% of the normal.
However, none of these years were consecutive. It is seen from Table 2 that the annual
rainfall in the district was between 1201 and 1900 mm in 49 years out of 63 years.
in a year in the district. This number varies from 57 at Balikudai to 71 at Jagatsinghpur.
The heaviest rainfall recorded in 24 hours at any station in the district was 498.6
mm at Jagatsinghpur on 20 July 1889.
TEMPERATURE
There is one meteorological observatory in the district at Paradip Port, records of

which are available from 1969. Data of this observatory may be taken as
representative of the climatic conditions in the district in general. Temperature begins
to rise after February. May and June are the hottest months of the year with the mean
daily maximum temperature at about 32.7 0C and the mean daily minimum temperature
at about 26.0 0C. During the summer season till the onset of the southwest monsoon,
the heat is oppressive and day temperatures in May and June may sometimes reach
upto 410C. Thundershowers and sea breezes in the afternoons in the coastal tracks
bring some relief from the heat. After the onset of the southwest monsoon in the early
June, temperatures decrease initially and remain more or less steady during July to
September. After the withdrawal of the southwest monsoon, both day and night
temperatures decrease progressively. January is the coldest month of the year with the
mean daily maximum temperature at about 27.2 0C and the mean daily minimum
temperature at about 15.7 0C.
The highest maximum temperature ever recorded at Paradip Port was 41.4 0C on
27 May 1974 and the lowest minimum temperature ever recorded was 9.6 0C on 12
January 1978.
HUMIDITY
Being the coastal district, the air is generally humid throughout the year. Relative
humidity is generally above 82% from March to October while it is less than 75% from
November to February.
CLOUDINESS
Heavily clouded to overcast skies prevail during the monsoon season. In the
summer and post-monsoon seasons, clouding is moderate. Skies are clear or lightly
clouded in the winter season.
WINDS
Winds are generally moderate in the winter and post-monsoon seasons and
stronger in the pre-monsoon and southwest monsoon seasons. In the pre-monsoon
and southwest monsoon seasons, winds are mainly southerly or southwesterly. In the
post-monsoon and winter seasons, winds are northerly or northeasterly in the mornings
and mainly northeasterly and easterly in the evenings.
Depressions and storms originating in the Bay of Bengal in the pre-monsoon and
southwest monsoon seasons cross the Orissa coast and affect the district and its
neighbourhood. These affect the district causing widespread heavy rain and gusty
winds. In the post-monsoon season also, such storms affect the district occasionally.
The rain in the southwest monsoon season is sometimes associated with
thunderstorms. During the cold season fog is experienced occasionally.
frequency of special weather phenomena respectively for Paradip Port observatory.
TABLE - I
HIGHEST LOWEST HEAVIEST RAINFALL

in 24 HOURS *
Amount
(mm)
of Data & YEARS **
Balikudai 14 a 6.4 18.6 17.1 11.4 62.7 151.7 217.5 392.0 224.4 117.6 78.9 0.0 1298.3 216 77 432.0 1971 Oct 13
b 0.3 1.1 1.3 0.7 2.5 6.7 12.5 14.1 11.2 5.0 1.5 0.0 56.9 (1971) (1984)
Jagatsinghpur 67 a 12.1 21.3 23.6 35.5 88.2 214.6 372.6 365.6 260.9 194.5 67.8 7.7 1664.4 160 68 498.6 1889 Jul 20
b 0.8 1.4 1.3 1.9 4.2 9.6 15.0 15.0 12.7 7.3 1.7 0.3 71.2 (1936) (1987)
Paradip CWR 13 a 7.5 29.2 36.7 33.8 90.9 217.2 229.1 331.3 225.5 123.1 75.4 15.9 1415.6 135 71 263.6 1982 Jun 04
(Obsy) b 0.6 1.8 1.9 1.7 3.8 9.3 14.2 15.2 10.6 5.2 2.1 0.6 67.0 (1986) (1979)
Paradip Port 15 a 17.6 6.5 26.7 23.5 54.3 225.7 329.3 345.9 242.9 206.3 108.7 21.7 1609.1 134 77 229.6 1963 Aug 10
(Obsy) b 1.0 0.5 1.4 1.4 2.6 8.8 13.8 13.8 10.8 7.2 3.3 0.4 65.0 (1971) (1967)
Raghunathpur 15 a 43.4 24.4 24.3 33.8 68.7 236.1 307.4 469.8 337.0 139.1 68.5 1.8 1754.3 240 65 350.0 1967 Jul 25
b 0.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 2.6 8.6 13.8 14.1 11.3 5.4 1.7 0.1 62.2 (1967) (1983)
Tirton 11 a 0.0 30.0 84.7 14.7 102.9 168.4 207.7 369.7 157.7 126.0 83.0 0.0 1344.8 96 64 315.0 1992 Jul 27
b 0.0 2.5 3.8 2.0 4.3 8.9 13.0 14.6 9.2 9.3 2.0 0.0 69.6 (1990) (1989)
Jagatsinghpur a 14.5 21.7 35.5 25.4 78.0 202.3 277.3 379.1 241.4 151.1 80.4 7.9 1514.6 175 67
(District) b 0.5 1.5 1.9 1.5 3.3 8.7 13.7 14.5 11.0 6.6 2.1 0.2 65.5 (1936) (1979)
TABLE - 2
(Data 1901 - 1990)
(JAGATSINGHPUR)

1001 - 1100 1 1901 - 2000 3
1101 - 1200 2 2001 - 2100 3
1201 - 1300 10 2101 - 2200 1
1301 - 1400 5 2201 - 2300 1
1401 - 1500 7 2301 - 2400 1
1501 - 1600 4 2401 - 2500 0
1601 - 1700 8 2501 - 2600 1
1701 - 1800 8 2601 - 2700 1
1801 - 1900 7
TABLE - 3
(PARADIP PORT)
Mean Mean
MONTH Maximum Minimum Maximum Minimum Humidity
0830 1730
IST IST
January 27.2 15.7 32.4 1970 Jan 20 9.6 1978 Jan 12 78 71
February 28.7 18.7 34.4 1989 Feb 20 12.0 1974 Feb 11 78 75
March 30.8 22.4 35.4 1987 Mar 25, 13.4 1970 Mar 05 79 80
1988 Mar 30
April 31.9 24.8 36.9 1983 Apr 05 16.0 1987 Apr 28 81 84
May 32.8 25.9 41.4 1974 May 27 17.5 1987 May 01 81 83
June 32.6 26.1 40.7 1978 Jun 07 18.5 1970 Jun 07 83 83
July 31.4 25.3 38.4 1990 Jul 22 18.1 1976 Jul 03 86 86
August 31.3 25.5 39.2 1974 Aug 08 17.8 1981 Aug 08 86 85
October 31.6 24.0 35.0 1989 Oct 03 16.0 1989 Oct 19 80 78
November 30.1 20.0 34.0 1989 Nov 06 12.0 1970 Nov 30, 77 73
1989 Nov 22
December 27.8 15.7 32.5 1984 Dec 12 10.4 1987 Dec 30 76 69
Annual 30.7 22.5 81 79
TABLE - 4
(PARADIP PORT)
10.7 12.2 14.8 18.0 18.5 17.1 16.4 15.2 14.1 10.1 10.0 9.5 13.9
TABLE - 5
(PARADIP PORT)
Mean No.of
Days With
Hail 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thunder 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.1 1.5 2.1 2.0 1.6 1.9 1.3 0.3 0.0 13.3
Fog 1.0 0.8 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 2.5
Dust-storm 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
JAJPUR DISTRICT
The climate of this district is characterised by an oppressive summer, high

humidity nearly all the year round and good seasonal rainfall. The summer season is
from March to May. This is followed by the southwest monsoon season lasting upto
September. October and November constitute the post-monsoon season. The period
from December to February is the winter season.
RAINFALL
mm. In general, rainfall decreases from southwest to northeast in the district. The
southwest monsoon commences in the district early in June and continues till the end
of September. Considering the district as a whole, about 75% of the annual rainfall is
received during southwest monsoon months of June to September. Significant amount
of rain also occurs in the month of May and October. In the 90 year period from 1901 to
1990, the highest annual rainfall in the district was 148% of the normal, which occurred
in 1925, while the lowest annual rainfall in the district which was 69% of the normal
occurred in 1927. In this same period, there were 9 years, when annual rainfall in the
district was less than 80% of the normal and two consecutive years of such a low
rainfall occurred twice, viz. 1905, 1906 and 1938, 1939. It is seen from Table 2 that the
annual rainfall in the district was between 1201 and 1700 mm in 40 years out of 62
years.
in a year in the district. This number varies from 65 at Korai to 80 at Jenapur (Hydro).
mm at Sukinda on 16 October 1985 and at Dharmasala on 11 August 1992.
TEMPERATURE
As there is no meteorological observatory in the district, following climatological

description is based on the records of an observatory in the neighbouring district. The
period from March to May is one of the steady rise in temperature. May is usually the
hottest month with the mean daily maximum temperature at about 380C and the mean
daily minimum temperature at about 260C. On individual days maximum temperature
may sometimes rise above 470C in May and in June, before the onset of southwest
monsoon, and due to prevailing high humidities days are oppressive. With the onset of
the southwest monsoon early in June, day temperatures drop appreciably, but night
temperatures continue to be as in the summer season. With the withdrawal of the
monsoon, both day and night temperatures begin to decrease, the drop in the night
temperatures being more marked. December is the coldest month with the mean daily
maximum temperature at about 290C and the mean daily minimum temperature at
about 150C. In association with the western disturbances the cold waves affect the
district on one or two occasions and minimum temperature may drop down to
about 8 0C.
HUMIDITY
The values of relative humidity in the morning are generally high, about 75%
throughout the year. The driest part of the year is the cold and summer seasons when
the afternoon relative humidity range between 40 and 60%.
CLOUDINESS
WINDS
Winds are generally light to moderate. In the summer and southwest monsoon
seasons, winds are mainly between south and west. In the post-monsoon and cold
seasons, winds are calm or light and variable in direction.
Most of the depressions and storms originating in the Bay of Bengal in the pre-
monsoon and monsoon season cross the Orissa coast and pass through or in the
neighbourhood of the district. These affect the district causing widespread heavy rain
and gusty winds. Occasionally post-monsoon storms also affect the district.
Thunderstorms occur mostly during March to October. During the cold season
fog is experienced occasionally.
TABLE - I
HEAVIEST RAINFALL
HIGHEST LOWEST
in 24 HOURS *
Amount
(mm)
of Data & YEARS **
Barchana 42 a 17.9 21.2 21.5 41.9 100.6 241.4 366.7 347.3 214.5 149.8 47.2 1.5 1571.5 150 46 236.2 1922 Jul 08
b 0.9 1.1 1.4 2.3 4.7 10.1 15.0 15.6 11.2 6.9 1.6 0.1 70.9 (1944) (1939)
Binjharpur 47 a 15.1 25.9 24.2 33.8 97.9 240.8 366.9 313.5 241.3 153.0 51.0 2.0 1565.4 164 62 300.0 1991 Jul 21
b 0.7 1.2 1.3 2.0 4.9 9.9 14.4 13.7 11.6 6.6 1.5 0.3 68.1 (1925) (1918)
Dharmasala 55 a 12.6 24.9 22.4 52.4 100.4 223.7 371.3 338.1 224.3 143.0 33.3 4.4 1550.8 182 68 350.0 1992 Aug 11
b 0.9 1.6 1.6 3.1 5.9 10.6 15.7 16.0 11.9 6.4 1.3 0.3 75.3 (1925) (1911)
Jajpur 72 a 11.6 23.6 25.9 42.1 87.1 223.9 324.5 333.6 243.4 147.1 43.3 6.1 1512.2 161 74 303.5 1907 Aug 20
b 0.8 1.7 1.9 2.8 5.5 10.9 14.7 15.2 12.2 6.4 1.5 0.4 74.0 (1925) (1927)
Jenapur 10 a 7.6 33.9 58.2 75.1 86.3 311.4 297.2 362.0 261.4 121.5 42.5 7.1 1664.2 122 78 226.4 1986 Aug 20
(Hydro) b 0.6 2.0 3.2 4.1 5.2 13.2 16.4 15.3 12.8 5.0 1.9 0.7 80.4 (1990) (1987)
Korai 42 a 11.7 19.7 24.7 36.6 88.0 197.4 335.2 301.4 200.5 131.2 30.4 2.3 1379.1 150 66 223.5 1925 Jun 28
b 0.8 1.4 1.6 2.2 5.0 10.2 13.5 13.4 10.0 5.7 1.2 0.2 65.2 (1925) (1927)
Sukinda 49 a 14.0 26.6 21.8 41.0 95.8 231.2 394.3 392.4 280.8 136.1 39.1 4.1 1677.2 181 59 350.0 1985 Oct 16
b 0.7 1.6 1.4 2.6 5.7 10.5 17.2 16.6 13.3 6.7 1.7 0.3 78.3 (1983) (1935)
Jajpur a 12.9 25.1 28.4 46.1 93.7 238.5 350.9 341.2 238.0 140.2 41.0 3.9 1559.9 148 69
(District) b 0.8 1.5 1.8 2.7 5.3 10.8 15.3 15.1 11.9 6.2 1.5 0.3 73.2 (1925) (1927)
TABLE - 2
(Data 1901 - 1990)
(JAJPUR)

1001 - 1100 2 1701 - 1800 4
1101 - 1200 4 1801 - 1900 2
1201 - 1300 6 1901 - 2000 3
1301 - 1400 9 2001 - 2100 4
1401 - 1500 8 2101 - 2200 1
1501 - 1600 11 2201 - 2300 1
1601 - 1700 6 2301 - 2400 1

JHARSUGUDA DISTRICT
The climate of Jharsuguda district is characterised by hot dry summer with

intense convective activity, which are associated with thunderstorms, occasional dust-
storms, dust-raising winds and hail storms. The cold season commences from
December and lasts till the end of February. The hot season follows thereafter and
continues till about the second week of June. The southwest monsoon season is from
mid-June to the end of September. October and November constitute the post
monsoon season.
RAINFALL
Records of rainfall are available for 5 stations in the district for period ranging
mm. About 88% of the annual rainfall is received in the southwest monsoon season,
July and August being the rainiest months. The variation in the rainfall from year to year
is not large. Considering the district as a whole, in the 72 year period from 1919 to
1990, the annual rainfall was the highest in the year 1961 when it amounted to 206% of
the normal. The lowest annual rainfall which amounted to 66% of the normal, occurred
in the year 1979. During the same period, the annual rainfall in the district was less than
80% of the normal in 6 years, none of them being consecutive. It is seen from Table 2
that the rainfall in the district was between 1101 and 1600 mm in 37 years out of 62
years.
in a year in the district. This number varies from 61 at Lakhanpur to 71 at Hirakud
(Hydro).
mm at Jharsuguda on 29 June 1925.
TEMPERATURE
There is only one meteorological observatory, at Jharsuguda, in the district. The

records of temperature and other meteorological elements which are available for
Jharsuguda may be considered as a representative of the meteorological conditions
over the district as a whole. Temperature begins to rise steadily from about the
beginning of March till May, which is usually the hottest month of the year with the
mean daily maximum temperature at 41.3 0C and the mean daily minimum temperature
at 26.7 0C. The heat in May and the early part of June prior to the onset of the
southwest monsoon is trying. Due to occasional spells of rain associated with
thunderstorms, the weather becomes hot and oppressive. In absence of moisture in the
air, dust-storms and dust-raising winds occur occasionally. With the onset of the
southwest monsoon, day temperatures drop appreciably and remain steady in July and
August. In September the day temperatures increase slightly and this increase
continues during October, but the nights become progressively cooler from October.
From about the middle of November, the day temperatures also begin to drop rapidly till
December. December and January are usually the coldest months with the mean daily
about 120C. In association with the passage of the western disturbances across the
northern India in the cold season, cold waves sometimes affect the district when the
minimum temperature may go down upto about 6.0 0C.
The highest maximum temperature recorded at Jharsuguda was 49.6 0C on 28

May 1988 and the lowest minimum temperature was 6.0 0C on 10 January 1976.
HUMIDITY
The values of relative humidity are high during the southwest monsoon season
being generally about 80%. After the monsoon season, humidity decreases and during
the winter season the air is fairly dry. The driest part of the year is the summer season
during which the values of relative humidity are rather low, especially in the afternoons,
being generally about 21 to 26%.
CLOUDINESS
Skies are heavily clouded to overcast in the southwest monsoon season. In the
latter half of the summer and the post-monsoon season, the clouding is moderate. In
the rest of the year, skies are generally clear or lightly clouded.
WINDS
Winds are generally light to moderate, with some strengthening in force in the
summer and the southwest monsoon seasons. From October to March, winds are
mainly northerly or northeasterly in the mornings and from February onwards, afternoon
winds become westerly or southerly. By April, winds from directions between south and
west are more common and these predominate upto the end of September.
During the southwest monsoon season, depressions from the Bay of Bengal
cross the east coast of India and move in westerly direction. These cause widespread
heavy rain and strong winds. In the month of October, storms from the Bay of Bengal
may also affect the district. The climate of this district is characterized by thunderstorm
activities which occur throughout the year, as well as squally winds, occasional
hailstorms and dust-storms or dust-raising winds in the summer months. The frequency
of thunderstorms is more in late summer and monsoon months and least in November
and December. Occasional fog occurs in the winter season.
Tables 3, 4 and 5 give the normals of temperature and humidity, mean wind
speed and frequency of special weather phenomena respectively for Jharsuguda
observatory.
TABLE - I
HEAVIEST RAINFALL
HIGHEST LOWEST
in 24 HOURS *
Amount
(mm)
of Data & YEARS **
Hirakud 22 a 11.0 20.1 29.0 16.8 17.2 215.7 461.3 481.3 285.7 74.6 2.9 3.8 1619.4 183 70 281.9 1955 Sep 04
(Hydro) b 1.0 1.5 2.0 1.8 1.6 9.1 17.6 18.6 12.0 4.5 0.4 0.4 70.5 (1961) (1972)
Jharsuguda 47 a 16.0 25.7 18.3 12.7 33.5 205.0 493.5 417.6 229.2 67.2 15.8 3.1 1537.6 145 61 350.0 1925 Jun 29
b 0.9 1.8 1.4 1.3 2.5 9.2 18.8 16.6 11.5 3.4 1.0 0.4 68.8 (1929) (1985)
Jharsuguda 42 a 14.2 24.1 22.1 17.7 36.9 226.0 393.2 416.9 230.9 61.4 5.3 4.8 1453.5 183 62 257.8 1975 Aug 20
(Aero Obsy) b 1.2 1.6 1.9 1.7 2.7 10.1 17.5 16.9 11.5 4.0 0.5 0.5 70.1 (1961) (1979)
Laikera II Block 14 a 17.6 25.3 11.7 11.0 23.9 220.8 341.7 344.8 167.8 47.3 6.7 6.4 1225.0 137 75 187.0 1987 Jul 06
b 0.9 1.6 1.1 1.1 2.4 9.2 17.3 14.8 9.0 3.2 0.4 0.5 61.5 (1971) (1981)
Lakhanpur 17 a 11.6 19.5 6.9 17.2 28.0 226.5 239.4 253.8 139.8 23.9 7.6 4.0 978.2 162 66 118.0 1971 Jun 06
b 0.9 2.1 0.7 1.6 2.5 9.8 15.9 14.7 9.1 2.3 0.6 0.4 60.6 (1967) (1987)
Jharsuguda a 14.1 22.9 17.6 15.1 27.9 218.8 385.8 382.9 210.7 54.9 7.7 4.4 1362.8 206 66
(District) b 1.0 1.7 1.4 1.5 2.3 9.5 17.4 16.3 10.6 3.5 0.6 0.4 66.2 (1961) (1979)
TABLE - 2
(Data 1919 - 1990)
(JHARSUGUDA)

901 - 1000 4 1901 - 2000 2
1001 - 1100 2 2001 - 2100 0
1101 - 1200 6 2101 - 2200 2
1201 - 1300 8 2201 - 2300 2
1301 - 1400 8 2301 - 2400 0
1401 - 1500 9 2401 - 2500 0
1501 - 1600 6 2501 - 2600 0
1601 - 1700 5 2601 - 2700 0
1701 - 1800 2 2701 - 2800 0
1801 - 1900 5 2801 - 2900 1
TABLE - 3
(JHARSUGUDA)
Mean Mean
MONTH
0830 1730
IST IST
January 27.7 12.2 34.1 1988 Jan 27 6.0 1976 Jan 10 67 43
February 30.7 15.0 37.9 1967 Feb 22 7.2 1967 Feb 02 59 35
March 35.6 19.3 42.7 1955 Mar 31 11.1 1961 Mar 01 45 25
April 40.1 24.1 46.0 1973 Apr 29 15.8 1957 Apr 01 42 21
May 41.3 26.7 49.6 1988 May 28 16.7 1991 May 01 48 26
June 36.9 26.3 46.3 1978 Jun 01 16.3 1973 Jun 17 68 54
July 31.5 24.6 41.7 1982 Jul 02 17.4 1976 Jul 30 86 78
August 31.1 24.5 36.2 1972 Aug 03 16.6 1976 Aug 16 87 80
October 32.2 21.4 36.1 1974 Oct 19 12.1 1976 Oct 28 74 62
November 30.2 16.2 35.6 1976 Nov 08 8.0 1988 Nov 04 67 51
December 27.6 12.1 33.2 1991 Dec 29 6.1 1955 Dec 29 68 46
Annual 33.1 20.6 66 50

TABLE - 4
(JHARSUGUDA)
5.3 6.1 6.6 7.2 7.5 8.8 8.2 7.9 6.2 5.1 5.5 5.2 6.6
TABLE - 5
(JHARSUGUDA)
Mean No.of
Days With
Hail 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1
Thunder 0.7 1.5 2.9 3.9 6.3 9.8 9.1 9.8 9.4 3.1 0.1 0.2 56.8
Fog 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.9
Dust-storm 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3
Squall 0.1 0.2 0.3 1.1 2.2 1.6 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 6.3
KALAHANDI DISTRICT
The climate of this district, which is in the northeastern corner of the Deccan
plateau, is in many respects similar to that of the main Deccan plateau, with the heat in
summer being milder. The year may be divided into four seasons. The hot/summer
season from March to May is followed by the southwest monsoon season from June to
September. October and November constitute the post-monsoon season. The
cold/winter season is from December to February.
RAINFALL
Records of rainfall in the district are available for 8 stations from 24 to 95 years.
The details of the rainfall at these stations and for the district as a whole are given in
Tables 1 and 2. The average annual rainfall in the district is 1330.5 mm. The variation
in the annual rainfall from year to year is not large. In the 90 year period from 1901 to
1990, the highest annual rainfall occurred in 1981 when it amounted to 222% of the
normal, while 1974 was the year with the lowest annual rainfall which was only 53% of
the normal. There were eleven years in this period when the annual rainfall was less
than 80% of the normal in the district. Considering the district as a whole, there were
two occasions of two consecutive years, viz. 1920, 1921 and 1974, 1975 and one
occasion of three consecutive years, viz. 1987,1988 and 1989, with the annual rainfall
less than 80% of the normal. It is seen from Table 2 that in 45 years out of 58 years the
annual rainfall was between 901 mm and 1700 mm.
On an average, there are 61 rainy days (i.e. days with rainfall of 2.5 mm or
more) in a year in the district. This number varies from 54 at Kesinga to 69 at Jaipatna.
mm at Jaipatna on 22 June 1967.
TEMPERATURE
There is only one meteorological observatory at Bhawanipatna in the district.

The following description of the climate is therefore based on the records of the same.
The hot season commences by about the beginning of March when temperatures begin
to rise. May is the hottest month when the mean daily maximum temperature is at about
410C and the mean daily minimum temperature is at about 270C. On individual days the
maximum temperature may sometimes reach upto 480C. With the onset of the
southwest monsoon by about the second week of June, the temperatures drop
appreciably and throughout the southwest monsoon season the weather is
comparatively cooler. After the first week of October when the southwest monsoon
withdraws temperatures begin to decrease progressively. December is usually the
coldest month with the mean daily maximum temperature at about 280C and the mean
daily minimum temperature at about 130C. In the cold season, short spells of colder
weather occur in association with the passage of western disturbances across north
India and the minimum temperature may go down upto about 5 0C.
The highest maximum temperature ever recorded at Bhawanipatna was 48.3 0C
on 02 June 1978 and the lowest minimum temperature ever recorded was 4.5 0C on 25
January 1973.
HUMIDITY
The relative humidity is high, about 78%, in the southwest monsoon months. The
air becomes gradually drier thereafter. Summer is the driest part of the year with the
values of relative humidity, particularly in the afternoons, often dropping down below
30%.
CLOUDINESS
overcast. In the late summer and post-monsoon season there is moderate cloudiness,
the afternoons being more cloudy than the mornings. In the other months skies are
WINDS
Winds are generally moderate throughout the year with some strengthening in
force during the period April to June. Winds are southerly in the mornings and northerly
in the afternoons throughout the year except in the monsoon season when the
southerly/southwesterly wind is predominant throughout the day.
Storms and depressions originating in the Bay of Bengal affect the district in the
monsoon season and in October, causing high winds and widespread heavy rain.
Thunderstorms, mostly in the afternoons, occur in the summer season and in October.
Rain during the southwest monsoon season is also often associated with thunder.
frequency of special weather phenomena respectively for Bhawanipatna observatory.
TABLE - I
HEAVIEST RAINFALL
HIGHEST LOWEST
in 24 HOURS *
Amount
(mm)
of Data & YEARS **
Bhawanipatna 63 a 8.5 17.0 15.6 30.8 41.6 244.8 357.8 387.2 239.4 87.4 18.5 3.5 1452.1 194 64 311.4 1930 Jul 02
b 0.7 1.2 1.4 2.2 3.1 10.1 16.0 16.3 10.8 4.5 1.2 0.3 67.8 (1990) (1975)
Bhawanipatna 22 a 6.7 12.2 13.8 24.2 33.9 274.0 305.3 298.1 172.7 79.3 22.2 1.4 1243.8 209 77 234.2 1971 Jun 21
(Obsy) b 0.6 1.1 1.3 2.0 2.8 10.1 12.8 11.9 7.9 3.7 1.1 0.1 55.4 (1990) (1988)
Boden 18 a 4.9 14.7 19.3 19.4 42.6 185.6 247.5 290.7 183.0 66.0 5.5 0.5 1079.7 173 52 237.4 1990 Aug 21
b 0.3 1.2 1.6 1.4 2.5 8.6 13.3 14.1 9.8 3.5 0.5 0.1 56.9 (1990) (1979)
Golamunda 16 a 17.1 13.3 24.8 22.2 42.6 209.4 313.3 311.0 171.7 68.9 7.6 4.4 1206.3 203 47 275.0 1967 Aug 02
b 0.6 1.3 2.3 2.4 2.6 9.9 15.1 12.9 9.0 3.0 0.6 0.2 59.9 (1990) (1979)
Jaipatna 21 a 1.7 11.1 6.1 32.2 54.7 271.9 344.8 328.6 212.8 62.9 7.4 0.8 1335.0 292 50 344.8 1967 Jun 22
b 0.2 1.1 0.9 2.8 3.5 10.5 16.3 17.8 11.7 3.6 0.5 0.2 69.1 (1967) (1983)
Junagarh 18 a 10.7 8.8 32.3 30.5 35.5 231.1 319.5 335.7 158.8 59.8 7.7 0.0 1230.4 250 41 248.2 1977 Sep 13
b 0.7 1.0 1.6 2.4 2.7 9.9 14.1 15.8 8.7 3.1 0.8 0.0 60.8 (1967) (1988)
Kesinga 19 a 29.5 13.6 62.3 21.9 35.9 232.2 321.9 468.3 218.4 64.5 12.5 1.3 1482.3 200 60 310.0 1985 Sep 10
b 0.4 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.4 7.9 13.0 14.6 9.1 3.3 0.6 0.1 53.6 (1981) (1988)
Madanpur 20 a 3.3 24.1 15.5 24.7 47.9 273.8 411.5 423.7 279.6 103.4 5.4 0.7 1613.6 178 46 321.0 1976 Aug 01
Rampur b 0.2 1.1 1.1 1.5 3.0 10.4 15.5 15.1 11.8 5.3 0.5 0.1 65.6 (1958) (1987)
Kalahandi a 10.3 14.4 23.7 25.7 41.8 240.4 327.7 355.4 204.6 74.0 10.9 1.6 1330.5 222 53
(District) b 0.5 1.1 1.4 2.0 2.7 9.7 14.5 14.8 9.9 3.8 0.7 0.1 61.2 (1981) (1974)
TABLE - 2
(Data 1901 - 1990)
(KALAHANDI)

601 - 700 1 1801 - 1900 2
701 - 800 1 1901 - 2000 2
801 - 900 0 2001 - 2100 1
901 - 1000 5 2101 - 2200 0
1001 - 1100 5 2201 - 2300 0
1101 - 1200 4 2301 - 2400 0
1201 - 1300 4 2401 - 2500 0
1301 - 1400 5 2501 - 2600 1
1401 - 1500 7 2601 - 2700 0
1501 - 1600 8 2701 - 2800 0
1601 - 1700 7 2801 - 2900 0
1701 - 1800 4 2901 - 3000 1
TABLE - 3
(BHAWANIPATNA)
Mean Mean
Highest Lowest
Daily Daily Relative
MONTH Maximum Minimum
Maximum Minimum Humidity (%)
ever recorded ever recorded
Temperature Temperature
0830 1730
IST IST
January 28.9 13.2 34.1 1989 Jan 08 4.5 1973 Jan 25 62 38
February 32.2 17.2 39.5 1969 Feb 28 7.8 1972 Feb 10 57 36
March 36.6 21.2 42.3 1969 Mar 30 8.5 1973 Mar 05 48 29
April 39.7 25.6 45.9 1973 Apr 30 17.4 1972 Apr 14 44 28
May 40.9 27.1 47.8 1973 May 09 20.1 1971 May 11 47 31
June 36.3 25.8 48.3 1978 Jun 02 16.9 1990 Jun 16 66 58
July 31.1 24.2 38.7 1987 Jul 01 14.3 1990 Jul 23 80 75
August 30.6 23.9 37.7 1988 Aug 14 15.4 1972 Aug 13 82 77
October 31.5 21.1 37.7 1984 Oct 20 11.5 1972 Oct 13 74 64
November 29.6 16.8 35.1 1987 Nov 14 7.4 1972 Nov 21 69 52
December 27.9 13.2 34.5 1989 Dec 27 5.2 1972 Dec 22 65 44
Annual 33.1 21.1 64 50

TABLE - 4
(BHAWANIPATNA)
4.5 4.4 5.1 6.6 6.8 6.6 4.9 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.9 5.1 5.2
TABLE - 5
(BHAWANIPATNA)
Mean No.of
Days With
Hail 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thunder 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 3.1
Fog 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dust-storm 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
KANDHAMAL DISTRICT
Kandhamal district is located in the plateau region to the west of the eastern
ghats. The climate of this district is more like that of the Deccan plateau than that of the
east coast region. However, on account of its location in the northeastern corner of the
Deccan plateau, the climate of this district is milder than that in the main Deccan region.
The year may be divided into four seasons. The hot weather/summer season is from
March to May. The period from June to September is the southwest monsoon season.
October and November constitute the post-monsoon season and the winter season is
from December to February.
RAINFALL
Records of rainfall are available for ten stations for 26 to 107 years period. Out of
these 10 stations, Dharingabadi is a hill station. The details of the rainfall at these
stations and for the district as a whole are given in Tables 1 and 2. The average annual
rainfall in the district is 1427.9 mm. The rainfall decreases from the west to the east in
the district. The variation in the annual rainfall from year to year is not large. In the 90
year period 1901 to 1990, the highest annual rainfall occurred in 1933 when it
amounted to 174% of the normal, while 1974 was the year with the lowest annual
rainfall which was 52% of the normal. Considering the district as a whole, there are
seven years in this 90 years period during which the rainfall was less than 80% of the
normal. Out of these, two viz. 1974 and 1975, were consecutive. It is seen from Table 2
that the rainfall in the district was between 1201 and 1800 mm in 66 years out of 83.
in a year in the district. This number ranges between 67 at Tikabali and 77 at Balliguda
and Dharingabadi.
mm at Phiringia on 12 August 1991.
TEMPERATURE
The only meteorological observatory in the district is at Phulbani which started its
functioning in February, 1959. The account of the climate that follows is based on the
records of this observatory. The summer season commences by about the beginning
of March when temperatures rise rapidly. May is the hottest month when the mean daily
maximum temperature is 390C. On individual days, the maximum temperature may
sometimes rise above 440C. With the onset of the monsoon by about the second week
of June, day temperatures drop appreciably and throughout the southwest monsoon
season, the weather is generally cool. After the withdrawal of the monsoon by the first
week of October, both day and night temperatures begin to drop gradually. December
is usually the coldest month of the year when the mean daily maximum temperature is
26.1 0C and mean daily minimum temperature is 8.2 0C. In the winter season, short
spells of cold weather also occur in association with the passage of western
disturbances and the minimum temperature drops down to about 0 0C.
The highest maximum temperature ever recorded at Phulbani is 44.6 0C on 10
May, 1973 whereas the minimum temperature ever recorded is 00C on 06 January
1986 and 27 December 1990.
HUMIDITY
The humidity of the air is generally high, about 77%, especially in the southwest
monsoon and post-monsoon months. March to May is the driest part of the year, when
the values of afternoon humidity range between 36 to 43%.
CLOUDINESS
overcast. In the summer and the post-monsoon months, there is moderate cloudiness,
the afternoons being more cloudy than the mornings. In other months, skies are mainly
WINDS
Winds are generally light to moderate with some increase in force in the
southwest monsoon period. Winds are mostly from directions between southwest and
northwest in the monsoon season. In the post-monsoon and winter seasons, the
directions of wind are between west and northeast. During the summer months, the
winds are variable in direction.
the month of October, causing stronger winds and widespread heavy rain.
Thunderstorms occur mostly in the afternoons, in the summer months and in October.
Rain during the southwest monsoon season is also often associated with thunder.
Occasional fog occurs in the winter season.
special weather phenomena respectively for Phulbani observatory.
TABLE - I
HEAVIEST RAINFALL
HIGHEST LOWEST
in 24 HOURS *
Amount
(mm)
of Data & YEARS **
Balliguda 72 a 9.3 20.1 18.3 33.2 52.2 230.3 417.3 409.8 261.2 102.5 17.2 5.2 1576.6 143 57 278.0 1991 Jul 29
b 0.7 1.3 1.4 2.4 3.9 10.3 18.6 17.8 13.4 5.9 1.3 0.4 77.4 (1933) (1987)
G. Udayagiri 61 a 13.2 27.6 24.9 54.1 99.4 195.6 271.7 279.0 256.5 164.7 48.2 5.5 1440.4 169 60 276.9 1900 Oct 07
b 1.2 1.9 2.0 3.7 5.9 10.1 14.5 14.3 13.0 7.4 2.2 0.4 76.6 (1990) (1935)
Khajuripara 35 a 9.8 38.1 35.5 36.7 72.8 185.9 329.9 321.7 265.0 119.6 19.9 3.4 1436.3 174 74 218.4 1943 Jul 26
b 0.9 2.2 2.4 2.7 4.5 9.6 16.1 16.1 13.8 6.4 1.3 0.4 76.4 (1933) (1979)
Phiringia 31 a 6.7 27.9 20.7 25.8 55.8 238.2 410.2 362.0 235.7 90.2 16.1 3.7 1493.0 166 65 331.0 1991 Aug 12
b 0.7 2.0 2.0 2.6 3.8 10.5 17.6 17.0 12.5 5.8 1.3 0.3 76.1 (1933) (1979)
Phulbani 65 a 14.7 28.8 24.2 29.8 58.1 245.0 361.8 369.8 240.3 108.7 25.6 6.0 1512.8 181 57 323.3 1925 Jun 28
b 1.0 2.0 1.9 2.3 4.1 10.8 17.0 17.0 12.6 5.7 1.7 0.4 76.5 (1933) (1987)
Phulbani 31 a 10.7 24.3 24.0 27.0 45.5 202.5 338.0 364.4 231.7 84.2 24.5 6.1 1383.1 160 53 242.8 1989 Jun 14
(Obsy) b 1.0 1.7 2.0 2.2 3.2 9.6 16.0 15.4 11.3 5.2 1.3 0.5 69.4 (1990) (1974)
Posara 36 a 9.4 39.9 32.9 36.6 67.4 210.1 319.3 309.4 277.6 182.6 38.8 8.2 1532.2 172 62 250.4 1933 Sep 14
b 0.8 2.1 2.2 2.8 4.0 9.9 14.8 14.6 13.0 7.8 1.9 0.5 74.4 (1933) (1979)
Raikia 15 a 8.4 30.1 38.5 46.5 91.2 218.9 257.6 288.5 195.1 104.8 47.4 0.0 1327.0 162 68 230.0 1990 Nov 04
b 0.5 2.4 2.5 3.8 6.4 10.1 13.8 13.1 10.4 5.3 1.4 0.0 69.7 (1990) (1984)
Tikabali 17 a 13.1 31.9 32.9 31.4 67.8 144.7 220.2 272.4 188.6 102.2 41.5 2.6 1149.3 183 67 215.0 1973 Jul 06
b 1.0 2.1 2.6 2.5 4.9 9.5 13.4 14.1 10.0 4.8 1.3 0.4 66.6 (1990) (1987)
Kandhamal a 10.6 29.7 28.0 35.7 67.8 207.9 325.1 330.8 239.1 117.7 31.0 4.5 1427.9 174 52
(District) b 0.9 2.0 2.1 2.8 4.5 10.0 15.8 15.5 12.2 6.0 1.5 0.4 73.7 (1933) (1974)
Contd..
TABLE - I (Contd……..)
HEAVIEST RAINFALL
HIGHEST LOWEST
in 24 HOURS *
Amount
(mm)
of Data & YEARS **
HILL STATION
Dharingabadi 63 a 9.3 23.1 20.2 54.7 92.6 200.9 272.8 304.9 238.6 156.3 46.7 7.0 1427.1 172 61 243.8 1900 Oct 06
b 0.8 1.6 1.6 3.6 6.1 10.2 15.3 15.3 12.9 7.2 2.3 0.5 77.4 (1990) (1920)
Hill station, not considered for district mean.
TABLE - 2
(Data 1901 - 1990)
(KANDHAMAL)

701 - 800 1 1601 - 1700 8
801 - 900 0 1701 - 1800 7
901 - 1000 2 1801 - 1900 3
1001 - 1100 4 1901 - 2000 2
1101 - 1200 2 2001 - 2100 1
1201 - 1300 15 2101 - 2200 0
1301 - 1400 16 2201 - 2300 1
1401 - 1500 11 2301 - 2400 0
1501 - 1600 9 2401 - 2500 1
TABLE - 3
(PHULBANI)
Mean Mean
MONTH
0830 1730
IST IST
January 26.7 8.8 33.5 1990 Jan 30 0.0 1986 Jan 06 77 56
February 29.9 11.8 37.0 1969 Feb 28 2.8 1989 Feb 01 71 47
March 34.2 15.5 40.0 1971 Mar 29 6.0 1965 Mar 05 61 38
April 37.9 19.9 42.5 1980 Apr 27 7.7 1976 Apr 18 53 36
May 39.0 22.8 44.6 1973 May 10 12.0 1976 May 04 56 43
June 34.7 23.3 43.5 1979 Jun 05, 12.8 1991 Jun 28 69 64
1983 Jun 10
July 29.8 22.2 42.0 1982 Jul 05 13.2 1980 Jul 22 82 80
August 29.3 21.8 35.5 1970 Aug 09 10.5 1991 Aug 14 84 83
October 29.9 18.2 34.6 1976 Oct 10 3.8 1991 Oct 30 80 74
November 28.0 12.6 33.0 1982 Nov 06 1.2 1980 Nov 02 78 69
December 26.1 8.2 31.0 1984 Dec 14 0.0 1990 Dec 27 78 61
Annual 31.3 17.2 73 61
Extremes of temperature updated upto year 1991

TABLE - 4
(PHULBHANI)
1.5 2.1 2.6 3.5 3.3 3.8 3.7 3.3 2.4 1.5 1.3 1.3 2.5
TABLE - 5
(PHULBANI)
Mean No.of
Days with
Hail 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1
Thunder 0.0 0.3 0.6 1.4 1.1 2.9 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.1 0.0 0.0 8.9
Fog 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.5 0.4 0.3 1.9
Dust-storm 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
KENDRAPARA DISTRICT
The climate of this district is characterised by less diurnal variation of

temperature, daily as well as yearly, high humidity nearly all the year round, and
oppressive summer season and good seasonal rainfall. The summer season is from
March to May. This is followed by the southwest monsoon season lasting upto
September. October and November constitute the post-monsoon season. The period
from December to February is the winter season.
RAINFALL
mm. The southwest monsoon commences in the district early in June and continues till
the end of September. Considering the district as a whole, about 70% of the annual
rainfall is received during southwest monsoon season, July and August being the
rainiest months. Significant rain of about 16% and 10% also occurs during the post-
monsoon and pre-monsoon seasons respectively. In the 90 year period from 1901 to
1990, the highest annual rainfall in the district, which was 156% of the normal occurred
in the year 1973, while the lowest annual rainfall in the district, which was 63% of the
normal, occurred in the year 1911. In the same period, there were 9 years, when the
annual rainfall in the district was less than 80% of the normal. However, none of these
years were consecutive years. It is seen from Table 2 that the annual rainfall in the
district was between 1201 and 1800 mm in 41 years out of 59 years.
in a year in the district. This number varies from 59 at Garadpur to 68 at Kendrapara
and Pattamundai.
mm at Kendrapara on 27 June 1925.
TEMPERATURE
As there is no meteorological observatory in the district, climatological

description of the district which follows is based on the records of meteorological
observatory at Chandbali in the neighbouring district where similar climatological
conditions prevail. But in the coastal strip of the district, temperatures in summer
season may be lower by a degree or two and in winter season, temperatures may be a
little higher than those in the interior of the district. The period from March to May is one
of the steady rise in temperature. April and May months are usually the hottest part of
the year during which the mean daily maximum temperature is about 360C and the
mean daily minimum temperature is about 250C. In May and June, before the onset of
the southwest monsoon, temperature on some occasions may go upto 470C and the
weather becomes oppressive. With the onset of the southwest monsoon early in June,
day temperatures decrease initially and remain more or less steady during July to
September. The decrease in night temperature is only slight. After the withdrawal of the
southwest monsoon, both day and night temperatures decrease progressively.
December and January constitute the coldest part of the year, with the mean daily
about 140C. The minimum temperature on one or two occasions may drop down upto
50C, in association with the western disturbances.
HUMIDITY
Being a coastal district, the values of relative humidity are generally high, about
78% in the mornings and 70% in the afternoons. But in the cold season and in summer
season, the values are slightly less than those in the monsoon season.
CLOUDINESS
Heavily clouded to overcast skies prevail during the monsoon season. In the
summer and post-monsoon seasons, clouding is moderate. Skies are clear or lightly
clouded in the winter season.
WINDS
Winds are generally moderate in the post-monsoon and winter season. In the
summer and southwest monsoon seasons, winds are stronger and winds are mainly
southerly or southwesterly. Winds are northerly in the mornings and easterly in the
evenings in the post-monsoon and winter season.
Depressions and storms which form in the Bay of Bengal in the pre-monsoon
and southwest monsoon seasons cross the Orissa coast and pass through or in the
neighbourhood of the district. These cause widespread heavy rain and strong winds. A
few of the storms and depressions in the post-monsoon season also affect the district.
Thunderstorms occur during March to October. During the winter season fog is
experienced occasionally.
TABLE - I
HEAVIEST RAINFALL
HIGHEST LOWEST
in 24 HOURS*
Amount
(mm)
of Data & YEARS**
Aul 60 a 8.9 25.7 24.8 34.3 106.2 200.8 317.0 292.9 246.6 183.7 66.3 7.1 1514.3 168 53 381.0 1967 Sep 02
b 0.6 1.5 1.5 2.2 4.7 9.5 13.5 13.6 11.0 7.1 2.0 0.4 67.6 (1925) (1987)
Garadpur 16 a 6.6 30.8 72.9 30.3 84.3 202.5 278.2 421.0 229.3 187.8 79.4 0.3 1623.4 235 68 322.0 1982 Jun 04
b 0.4 1.9 2.0 1.8 3.2 7.5 11.6 14.5 9.9 5.2 1.1 0.1 59.2 (1990) (1987)
Kendrapara 69 a 12.0 29.5 23.8 35.4 82.4 220.6 317.2 308.9 232.0 154.2 55.5 6.6 1478.1 171 65 401.8 1925 Jun 27
b 0.8 1.5 1.4 1.9 4.0 9.7 14.2 14.2 11.9 6.5 1.6 0.4 68.1 (1925) (1918)
Pattamundai 38 a 14.8 35.6 23.6 33.8 103.4 204.6 374.2 318.4 225.8 190.9 54.6 7.1 1586.8 144 62 280.9 1936 Jun 13
b 0.8 1.8 1.2 2.1 4.5 9.4 14.0 13.8 11.0 7.6 1.6 0.3 68.1 (1925) (1921)
Rajkanika 58 a 10.6 29.5 30.0 35.5 94.7 212.8 298.8 325.3 252.9 201.8 80.3 5.1 1577.3 211 62 327.0 1984 Aug 15
b 0.6 1.5 1.6 2.0 4.3 9.3 13.0 13.3 11.3 6.8 1.9 0.2 65.8 (1946) (1987)
Kendrapara a 10.6 30.2 35.0 33.9 94.2 208.3 317.1 333.3 237.3 183.7 67.2 5.2 1556.0 156 63
(District) b 0.6 1.6 1.5 2.0 4.1 9.1 13.3 13.9 11.0 6.6 1.6 0.3 65.6 (1973) (1911)
TABLE - 2
(Data 1901 - 1990)
(KENDRAPARA)

901 - 1000 1 1701 - 1800 5
1001 - 1100 3 1801 - 1900 3
1101 - 1200 4 1901 - 2000 2
1201 - 1300 7 2001 - 2100 1
1301 - 1400 7 2101 - 2200 1
1401 - 1500 10 2201 - 2300 1
1501 - 1600 6 2301 - 2400 0
1601 - 1700 6 2401 - 2500 2

KEONJHAR DISTRICT
The climate of this district is characterised by an oppressive hot summer, high

humidity and well distributed rainfall during the monsoon season. The year may be
divided into four seasons. The hot/summer season is from March to May. The period
from June to September is the southwest monsoon season. October and November
constitute the post-monsoon season and the cold season is from December to
February.
RAINFALL
Records of rainfall in the district are available for 14 stations from 12 to 97 year
period. The details of the rainfall at these stations and for the district as a whole are
northern part of the district gets more rain than the southern part. About 79% of the
annual rainfall in the district is received during southwest monsoon season, August
being the rainiest month. Some rain in the form of thundershowers occurs during the
summer season and in October. The variation in the annual rainfall from year to year is
not large. In the 90 year period from 1901 to 1990, the highest annual rainfall occurred
in 1933 when it amounted to 151% of the normal, while 1976 was the year with the
lowest annual rainfall which was 45% of the normal. There were 16 years during these
90 years period when the annual rainfall was less than 80% of the normal and there
was only one occasion when there were two consecutive years of such a low rainfall,
viz.1968, 1969. It is seen from Table 2 that the rainfall in the district was between 1101
and 1900 mm in 61 years out of 75.
in a year in the district. The number of rainy days varies from 59 at Patna to 82 at
Bhimkund and Swam-Patna (Hydro) in the district.
The heaviest rainfall in 24 hours at any station in the district was 343.4 mm at
Anandpur on 09 July 1941.
TEMPERATURE
The only meteorological observatory in the district is at Keonjhargarh. The

following account of the climate is mainly based on the records of Keonjhargarh
observatory. The hot season commences by about the beginning of March when
temperatures begin to rise rapidly. May is the hottest month when the mean daily
maximum temperature is at about 380C and the mean daily minimum temperature at
about 240C. The maximum temperature may sometimes reach about 470C in this month
and the heat is oppressive. With the onset of the monsoon early in June, day
temperatures drop appreciably and throughout the southwest monsoon season the
weather is more pleasant. After the withdrawal of the monsoon by about the first week
of October, both the day and night temperatures decrease progressively. December
and January are usually the coldest months of the year, with the mean daily maximum
the cold season, short spells of colder weather occur sometimes in association with the
passage of western disturbances across north India and the minimum temperature may
drop down upto about 2 to 30C. The highest maximum temperature ever recorded at
Keonjhargarh was 47.4 0C on 11 May 1980, while the lowest minimum temperature ever
recorded at Keonjhargarh was 2.2 0C on 21 December 1966.
HUMIDITY
The values of relative humidity are generally high, about 80%, in the southwest
monsoon and 70% in the post monsoon months. In the other months the afternoons are
comparatively drier. In the summer afternoons, the values of relative humidity are of the
order of 45 to 50%.
CLOUDINESS
overcast. In the summer and post monsoon months there is moderate cloudiness, the
afternoons being more cloudy than the mornings. In the other months the skies are
WINDS
Winds are generally light to moderate with some increase in force in the summer
season and southwest monsoon season, when the morning winds are generally
southwesterly or westerly. During the other seasons, winds are from the sector
northwest-north-northeast. In the afternoons, westerlies are predominant during winter
season and southwesterlies are predominant during monsoon season.
October, when winds increase in force and widespread heavy rain occurs.
Thunderstorms, mostly in the afternoons, occur in the summer season. Rain in the
southwest monsoon season is also often associated with thunder.
special weather phenomena respectively for Keonjhargarh observatory.
TABLE - I
HEAVIEST RAINFALL
HIGHEST LOWEST
In 24 HOURS*
Amount
(mm)
of Data &YEARS**
Anandpur 42 a 6.0 35.8 23.6 41.2 100.0 217.8 338.9 309.4 231.2 118.6 32.0 3.5 1458.0 140 75 343.4 1941 Jul 09
b 0.6 2.1 1.9 3.3 6.2 11.3 15.2 15.6 13.1 6.3 1.4 0.3 77.3 (1940) (1974)
Anandpur 10 a 11.2 31.0 53.7 63.9 148.7 254.1 289.9 306.7 241.3 122.2 33.1 3.5 1559.3 115 87 194.3 1985 Oct 16
(Hydro) b 0.6 2.3 3.6 4.4 8.0 12.8 14.4 16.2 12.4 4.6 1.7 0.4 81.4 (1985) (1980)
Bhimkud 12 a 14.7 27.2 36.1 65.6 86.3 182.7 357.2 318.5 272.1 113.1 7.6 1.1 1482.2 124 75 229.5 1960 Aug 15
b 1.1 2.2 2.5 3.9 6.3 10.1 17.1 17.6 13.2 7.1 0.8 0.1 82.0 (1961) (1966)
Champua 34 a 18.7 43.4 27.3 38.0 82.5 260.9 447.3 404.5 288.3 118.7 25.1 3.5 1758.2 149 46 265.0 1985 Jun 15
b 1.1 2.4 2.0 2.5 5.0 10.4 17.2 17.4 12.6 5.6 1.2 0.4 77.8 (1937) (1987)
Champua 10 a 17.4 23.6 46.9 44.3 90.4 335.5 251.3 369.4 225.5 75.3 19.2 3.9 1502.7 136 85 168.6 1985 Jun 15
(Hydro) b 1.5 2.0 3.5 3.1 5.8 13.5 15.5 17.6 12.0 4.3 0.6 0.3 79.7 (1985) (1980)
Ghatgaon 22 a 18.0 41.6 41.1 49.5 110.4 246.9 323.0 369.7 250.1 125.8 20.5 3.4 1600.0 158 57 275.0 1985 Oct 16
b 0.9 1.8 2.4 2.4 5.2 9.3 14.8 15.6 11.8 5.1 0.9 0.2 70.4 (1990) (1957)
Harichandpur 19 a 12.7 32.0 34.5 53.2 86.0 212.4 260.1 335.0 265.4 118.9 31.4 2.5 1444.1 157 77 220.0 1973 Sep 01
b 0.9 1.9 2.9 2.5 5.4 10.1 13.2 15.3 12.4 5.1 1.3 0.4 71.4 (1990) (1987)
Joda 17 a 22.5 29.3 28.2 29.0 92.9 228.8 273.0 389.9 243.8 107.0 6.3 2.0 1452.7 131 79 203.0 1967 Sep 02
b 1.7 1.8 2.1 2.1 5.2 9.9 15.1 17.2 10.7 3.7 0.7 0.3 70.5 (1984) (1981)
Keonjhargarh 60 a 21.1 39.0 23.1 47.4 95.8 198.0 356.7 306.2 221.6 95.8 29.2 4.0 1437.7 220 66 273.1 1945 Jul 03
b 1.4 2.4 1.9 3.1 5.9 10.5 16.8 15.7 12.7 5.7 1.5 0.4 78.0 (1990) (1948)
Keonjhargarh 33 a 9.6 30.3 29.3 34.9 72.0 199.4 246.7 316.6 256.3 89.3 19.5 5.8 1309.7 146 51 206.6 1989 Aug 04
(Obsy) b 0.9 1.7 2.4 3.0 5.6 10.1 14.5 15.2 12.3 5.8 1.2 0.4 73.1 (1961) (1976)
Contd..
HEAVIEST RAINFALL
HIGHEST LOWEST
in 24 HOURS*
Amount
(mm)
of Data & YEARS**
Patna 12 a 23.3 29.3 17.5 39.8 93.2 139.1 225.6 294.5 251.3 62.7 2.5 0.0 1178.8 135 127 175.0 1991 Aug 12
b 0.9 1.4 1.1 2.5 6.1 9.0 11.7 12.5 10.8 3.3 0.2 0.0 59.5 (1971) (1956)
Swam-Patna 10 a 13.1 38.2 37.1 55.3 114.7 330.3 274.1 316.1 192.6 110.6 29.0 9.0 1520.1 130 76 174.7 1996 Jun 22
(Hydro) b 0.8 2.7 3.0 4.4 6.9 14.6 15.6 15.2 11.6 5.0 1.6 0.7 82.1 (1985) (1987)
Telkoi 11 a 1.3 43.4 23.7 4.1 92.4 219.6 408.7 356.1 227.8 109.3 20.0 0.0 1506.4 141 100 264.0 1991 Jul 21
b 0.2 1.8 2.3 0.5 3.7 10.2 18.2 18.4 10.8 6.5 0.8 0.0 73.4 (1956) (1957)
Telkoi 10 a 14.6 29.6 40.7 23.3 61.8 353.8 399.8 418.4 207.4 50.5 11.4 5.1 1616.4 116 108 321.0 1988 Aug 03
(Hydro) b 0.7 2.3 2.1 1.7 4.8 11.6 17.3 16.4 11.9 3.1 1.0 0.4 73.3 (1986) (1980)
Keonjhar a 14.6 33.8 33.1 42.1 94.8 241.4 318.0 343.6 241.1 101.3 20.5 3.4 1487.7 151 45
(District) b 0.9 2.1 2.4 2.8 5.7 11.0 15.5 16.1 12.0 5.1 1.1 0.3 75.0 (1933) (1976)
b : Average number of rainy days ( i.e. days with rainfall o f 2.5 mm or more)
TABLE - 2
(Data 1901 - 1990)
(KEONJHAR)

601 - 700 1 1501 - 1600 7
701 - 800 0 1601 - 1700 9
801 - 900 0 1701 - 1800 5
901 - 1000 3 1801 - 1900 6
1001 - 1100 4 1901 - 2000 2
1101 - 1200 12 2001 - 2100 1
1201 - 1300 6 2101 - 2200 2
1301 - 1400 5 2201 - 2300 1
1401 - 1500 11
TABLE - 3
(KEONJHARGARH)
Mean Mean
MONTH Relative
Maximum Minimum Maximum Minimum
Humidity (%)
Temperature Temperature ever recorded ever recorded
0830 1730
IST IST
January 25.9 11.7 33.9 1974 Jan 11 3.0 1976 Jan 09 66 56
February 28.8 14.5 40.4 1974 Feb 25 2.7 1967 Feb 02 63 50
March 33.3 18.8 41.9 1972 Mar 31 8.7 1967 Mar 01 57 44
April 37.2 22.5 44.9 1976 Apr 29 10.4 1967 Apr 04 55 45
May 37.6 24.2 47.4 1980 May 11 14.7 1967 May 15 63 53
June 34.2 24.2 43.9 1986 Jun 07 12.2 1969 Jun 25 75 71
July 30.3 23.4 36.9 1982 Jul 04 13.2 1969 Jul 03 84 82
August 29.8 23.4 37.2 1972 Aug 08 15.6 1973 Aug 09 86 85
October 30.0 20.1 36.9 1982 Oct 03 7.2 1966 Oct 30 78 75
November 27.9 15.8 33.4 1979 Nov 29 8.2 1966 Nov 09 68 62
December 25.7 12.2 30.4 1973 Dec 23 2.2 1966 Dec 21 66 58
Annual 30.9 19.5 70 64
Extremes of temperature updated upto 1992.

TABLE - 4
(KEONJHARGARH)
3.2 4.2 4.6 5.7 5.8 6.8 6.4 5.6 4.9 4.2 3.2 3.2 4.8
TABLE - 5
(KEONJHARGARH)
Mean No.of
Days With
Hail 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thunder 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.6 1.3 1.3 0.9 0.9 1.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 6.9
Fog 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 1.1
Dust-storm 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
KHURDA DISTRICT
The climate of the district is characterised by a hot summer, high humidity nearly
all the year around and good seasonal rainfall. The winter season from December to
February is followed by the hot weather/ summer season from March to the first week
of June. The period from second week of June to September is the southwest monsoon
season while October and November constitute the post monsoon season.
RAINFALL
Records of rainfall in the district are available for 8 raingauge stations for period
ranging from 26 years to 97 years. Details of rainfall at these stations and for the district
as a whole are given in Tables 1 and 2. The average annual rainfall of the district is
1408.4 mm. The rainfall generally decreases from west to east. Khurda gets on an
average 1520 mm of rain in a year, which is the highest for the district, while Balianta
gets on an average 1300 mm of rain in a year, which is the lowest for the district.
The monsoon arrives over the district by about the second week of June and
withdraws in early October. About 75% of the annual rainfall is received during the
monsoon months June to September, August being the rainiest month. The year to
year variation of the annual rainfall in the district is not large. During the 90 years period
from 1901 to 1990, the highest annual rainfall in the district amounting to 165% of the
normal occurred in 1975. The lowest annual rainfall which was 50% of the normal
occurred in 1957. Considering the district as a whole, there are 8 years in which the
rainfall was less than 80% of the normal. However, no two consecutive years
experienced such a low rainfall during this period. It is seen from Table 2 that in 65
years out of 80, the annual rainfall was between 1101 and 1800 mm.
in a year in the district. This number varies from 74 at Bhubaneshwar (obsy) to 64 at
Balianta.
The heaviest rainfall in 24 hours ever recorded at any station in the district is
325.0 mm at Balianta on 07 July 1974.
TEMPERATURE
Records of temperature and other meteorological parameters are available for

Bhubaneshwar observatory. The meteorological conditions at Bhubaneshwar
observatory may be taken as representative of the whole district. The period from
March to May is one of the continuous increase of temperature. May is the hottest
month. The mean daily maximum temperature in this month is 37.4 0C and the mean
daily minimum temperature is 26.2 0C. On individual days, the maximum temperature
sometimes reaches above 460C. With the arrival of the southwest monsoon in the
second week of June, temperature begins to drop and the maximum and minimum
temperatures remain almost steady in the range of 320C and 250C respectively during
the monsoon months of August and September. From October onwards, both the day
and night temperatures begin to decrease gradually till December which is the coldest
month with mean daily maximum temperature at about 280C and the mean daily
minimum temperature at about 150C. The highest maximum temperature ever recorded
was 46.5 0C at Bhubaneshwar on 22 May 1972 and the lowest minimum temperature
ever recorded was 8.6 0C on 05 January 1992.
HUMIDITY
Values of relative humidity are generally high throughout the year. Relative
humidity is as high as above 80% during the monsoon months. In the rest of the year,
values of the morning relative humidity exceed 65% and afternoon relative humidity
exceed 50%.
CLOUDINESS
Skies are clear and lightly clouded in the cold season. In the summer months
clouding is moderate. Heavily clouded to overcast skies prevail during the monsoon
season and clouding decreases thereafter.
WINDS
Winds are fairly strong in the summer and the monsoon months. The wind is
light to moderate in the post-monsoon season and the cold season. In the post-
monsoon and the cold seasons, winds blow from north or northeast in the mornings and
from between east and southeast in the afternoons. In the summer and monsoon
months, winds are mainly southwesterly or southerly.
Cyclonic storms or depressions originating in the Bay of Bengal pass through the
district or its neighbourhood in the pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon months
causing heavy rain and gale winds. Thunderstorms, sometimes violent, occur in the
pre-monsoon months of April and May and also in October. During the monsoon period,
the rainfall is sometimes associated with thunder. In the winter months fog occurs
occasionally.
frequency of special weather phenomena, respectively, for Bhubaneshwar observatory.
TABLE - I
HEAVIEST RAINFALL
HIGHEST LOWEST
in 24 HOURS *
Amount
(mm)
of Data & YEARS **
Balianta 19 a 14.9 22.1 20.0 27.7 46.0 202.4 316.0 325.0 179.0 109.4 38.9 1.0 1302.4 179 67 325.0 1974 Jul 07
b 0.9 1.3 1.8 1.8 3.6 9.7 13.6 14.5 9.8 5.5 1.2 0.1 63.8 (1974) (1981)
Banpur 71 a 12.5 27.5 21.1 32.4 57.9 180.9 263.0 293.4 253.3 178.4 72.4 8.8 1401.6 251 65 306.0 1977 Jul 24
b 0.8 1.6 1.2 2.1 3.3 9.3 13.5 14.4 12.6 7.4 2.2 0.5 68.9 (1986) (1934)
Bhubaneshwar 69 a 13.6 22.0 22.9 23.6 61.3 200.5 332.2 330.6 260.5 170.2 50.0 3.7 1491.1 164 67 282.8 1969 Jul 30
b 0.7 1.3 1.3 1.6 3.3 9.9 14.3 14.9 12.1 6.7 1.6 0.3 68.0 (1936) (1932)
Bhubaneshwar 20 a 4.8 24.2 25.8 35.1 70.9 207.5 316.4 379.4 247.8 124.2 50.2 9.0 1495.3 137 68 252.5 1995 May 11
(Obsy) b 0.3 1.9 1.9 2.3 4.4 10.5 15.3 16.4 12.1 6.8 1.9 0.6 74.4 (1990) (1987)
Bolgarh 47 a 16.2 18.4 18.2 24.1 66.1 174.3 286.8 276.7 217.7 169.3 46.5 3.6 1317.9 149 67 254.0 1919 Aug 31
b 0.9 1.3 1.3 1.8 4.5 8.9 13.7 14.2 11.6 7.3 1.9 0.3 67.7 (1946) (1920)
Jatni 18 a 11.5 27.2 33.4 33.1 58.2 190.7 302.0 323.1 193.9 123.1 52.0 0.3 1348.5 153 75 190.0 1991 Jul 28
b 0.7 2.2 2.1 1.7 3.3 8.4 13.2 14.6 10.2 6.2 1.9 0.1 64.6 (1986) (1987)
Khurda 66 a 14.2 26.6 16.6 26.8 77.7 216.6 348.9 333.2 262.3 145.4 46.1 5.9 1520.3 197 46 243.8 1900 Oct 07
b 0.8 1.6 1.2 1.8 4.4 10.3 15.0 15.1 12.6 6.7 1.8 0.4 71.7 (1936) (1988)
Tangi 67 a 11.6 26.5 18.9 21.1 47.3 196.5 273.7 303.3 261.1 174.1 47.4 7.3 1388.8 155 51 254.0 1912 Jun 20
b 0.7 1.5 1.2 1.5 3.2 8.7 13.4 14.6 13.2 7.4 1.7 0.4 67.5 (1956) (1982)
Khurda a 12.4 24.3 22.1 28.0 60.7 196.2 304.9 320.6 234.5 149.3 50.4 5.0 1408.4 165 50
(District) b 0.7 1.6 1.5 1.8 3.8 9.5 14.0 14.8 11.8 6.8 1.8 0.3 68.4 (1975) (1957)
TABLE - 2
(Data 1901 - 1990)
(KHURDA)

701 - 800 1 1601 - 1700 3
801 - 900 0 1701 - 1800 9
901 - 1000 1 1801 - 1900 5
1001 - 1100 4 1901 - 2000 1
1101 - 1200 10 2001 - 2100 2
1201 - 1300 8 2101 - 2200 0
1301 - 1400 11 2201 - 2300 0
1401 - 1500 17 2301 - 2400 1
1501 - 1600 7
TABLE - 3
(BHUBANESHWAR)
Mean Mean
MONTH
0830 1730
IST IST
January 28.3 15.6 35.0 1990 Jan 31 8.6 1992 Jan 05 71 50
February 31.3 18.5 42.7 1963 Feb 23 10.5 1956 Feb 09 72 50
March 34.9 22.2 42.0 1989 Mar 25, 14.6 1980 Mar 01 72 53
1991 Mar 31
April 36.9 24.9 43.9 1954 Apr 26, 17.0 1970 Apr 03 70 60
1985 Apr 24
May 37.4 26.2 46.5 1972 May 22 15.0 1960 May 11 70 61
June 35.3 26.0 46.3 1967 Jun 05 19.6 1982 Jun 04 76 70
July 32.0 25.1 41.2 1982 Jul 03 20.4 1960 Jul 14 85 82
August 31.6 25.0 37.4 1972 Aug 01 18.4 1972 Aug 05 86 83
October 31.8 22.8 36.6 1976 Oct 11 16.1 1954 Oct 30 79 73
November 30.2 19.0 35.2 1989 Nov 07 9.7 1970 Nov 30 69 61
December 28.2 15.3 33.5 1985 Dec 17 9.4 1955 Dec 28 66 51
Annual 32.5 22.1 75 65
TABLE - 4
(BHUBANESHWAR)
7.3 9.1 12.8 19.1 18.8 14.7 12.5 11.6 9.6 7.6 7.7 7.1 11.5
TABLE - 5
(BHUBANESHWAR)
Mean No.of
Days With
Hail 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.4
Thunder 0.1 2.2 4.0 6.1 7.6 11.0 11.4 11.8 11.7 6.1 0.3 0.1 72.4
Fog 3.1 3.3 2.0 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 1.0 0.6 1.2 12.3
Dust-storm 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5
Squall 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.8 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4
KORAPUT DISTRICT
The climate of the major portion of the district which lies in the plateau region to
the west of the eastern ghats, is more like that of the Deccan than that of the east coast
region. But due to the elevation and its situation in the northeastern corner of the
Deccan plateau the climate is milder than that of the main Deccan plateau. The year
may be divided into four seasons, the hot season from March to May, the southwest
monsoon season from June to September, the post-monsoon season from October to
November and the cold season from December to February.
RAINFALL
Records of rainfall are available for six stations in the district for 26 to 116 years
period. The rainfall at the individual stations and for the district as a whole are give n in
Tables 1 and 2. The average annual rainfall over the district is 1567.2 mm. The spatial
distribution of rainfall is largely influenced by the eastern ghats which run roughly from
southwest to northeast. During the monsoon season, areas to the eastern side of the
ghats get lesser rain than those on the ghats and to their west, the latter being on the
windward side. During the other seasons, there is not much difference in the rainfall in
the two areas mentioned above. The rainfall during the monsoon season constitutes
about 79% of the annual rainfall. July and August are the rainiest months in the year.
The variation in the rainfall from year to year is not large. During the 90 year period
1901 to 1990, 1914 was the year with the highest annual rainfall amounting to 149% of
the normal, while the lowest annual rainfall in the district occurred in the year 1976
when it amounted to 57% of the normal. During the 90 year period there were only
seven years when the rainfall was less than 80% of the normal, of which, 1973, 1974
were consecutive years of such a low rainfall.
From Table 2 it is seen that in 52 years out of 70, the rainfall was between 1301
to 1900 mm.
On an average there are 84 rainy days (i.e. days with rainfall of 2.5 mm or more)
in a year in the district. This number varies from 76 at Similaguda to 91 at Pottangi.
The heaviest rainfall in 24 hours recorded at any station in the district was
546.1 mm at Pottangi on 14 October 1931.
TEMPERATURE
There is one meteorological observatory in the district at Koraput. The

description of the climate which follows is based on the records of this observatory.
December and January months constitute the coldest part of the year with the mean
daily maximum temperature at 24.5 0C and the mean daily minimum temperature at
10.3 0C. Both day and night temperatures progressively increase after January till May
which is the hottest month. During this month the mean daily maximum temperature is
34.3 0C and the mean daily minimum temperature is 21.4 0C. On individua l days in May
and in June, before the onset of the monsoon, maximum temperatures may reach over
440C. Thereafter temperatures decrease with the onset of the monsoon. During the
monsoon season, weather is cool and pleasant with day temperatures at about 260C.
Though the night temperatures start decreasing from October onwards, the secondary
maxima of day temperature is recorded in October.
The highest maximum temperature ever recorded at Koraput was 46.6 0C on

06 June 1967 and the lowest minimum temperature ever recorded was 3.0 0C on 27
December 1969.
HUMIDITY
The humidity of the air is generally high about 80% in the monsoon months and
73% in the post-monsoon months. In other months, afternoons are comparatively drier
when the humidity is about 44% in the summer months and 54% in the winter months.
CLOUDINESS
During the monsoon months, the skies are heavily clouded to overcast. In the
rest of the year skies are lightly clouded or clear.
WINDS
Winds are generally light throughout the year, except during the southwest
monsoon season, when the winds are stronger. From April onwards, southwesterlies
are predominant till October. From November to March, southeasterlies prevail in the
mornings and northwesterlies in the evenings.
The district is affected by cyclonic storms and depressions originating in the Bay
of Bengal during the southwest monsoon season particularly in September and also in
October and cause strong winds and widespread heavy rain. A few thunderstorms
occur in the pre-monsoon months.
speed and frequency of special weather phenomena respectively for Koraput
observatory.
TABLE - I
HEAVIEST RAINFALL
HIGHEST LOWEST
in 24 HOURS
Amount
(mm)
of Data & YEARS **
Jeypore 67 a 5.8 8.2 12.8 46.4 69.6 245.6 478.3 546.1 336.6 110.6 23.7 5.3 1889.0 137 62 327.2 1910 Aug 03
b 0.4 0.9 1.1 3.2 4.9 11.7 20.4 21.1 14.7 5.7 1.6 0.3 86.0 (1910) (1923)
Koraput 70 a 7.1 9.1 17.2 43.6 66.6 204.5 430.5 445.0 256.4 110.3 28.6 8.0 1626.9 155 60 336.6 1914 Jun 25
b 0.5 1.0 1.4 3.4 4.9 10.8 20.1 20.7 14.0 6.3 1.9 0.6 85.6 (1914) (1985)
Koraput 33 a 5.8 3.1 16.6 51.2 68.6 208.3 391.0 359.6 222.3 84.5 26.1 3.6 1440.7 150 62 234.6 1959 Jun 30
(Obsy) b 0.3 0.5 1.3 3.9 5.0 9.5 18.2 18.6 12.9 6.2 2.0 0.3 78.7 (1956) (1976)
Padwa 56 a 3.9 5.2 17.4 67.3 97.3 202.3 346.7 343.2 270.3 131.8 34.6 8.5 1528.5 153 49 248.9 1911 Sep 24
b 0.3 0.6 1.4 4.7 6.1 10.6 18.9 18.7 14.1 6.9 2.4 0.6 85.3 (1914) (1923)
Pottangi 68 a 5.2 14.6 23.5 71.0 113.1 195.1 291.0 332.2 283.5 214.3 65.1 8.9 1617.5 153 62 546.1 1931 Oct 14
b 0.5 1.3 1.9 5.1 6.7 11.5 17.5 18.2 15.1 9.4 3.1 0.7 91.0 (1990) (1923)
Similaguda 16 a 6.4 11.6 22.1 51.9 76.0 185.2 316.2 335.3 168.9 105.3 17.3 4.7 1300.9 121 58 200.0 1984 Aug 01
b 0.5 1.1 1.8 3.0 5.1 9.7 16.8 18.3 12.3 5.4 1.4 0.4 75.8 (1984) (1989)
Koraput a 5.7 8.6 18.3 55.2 81.9 206.8 375.6 393.6 256.3 126.1 32.6 6.5 1567.2 149 57
(District) b 0.4 0.9 1.5 3.9 5.5 10.6 18.6 19.3 13.9 6.7 2.1 0.5 83.9 (1914) (1976)
TABLE - 2
(Data 1901 – 1990)
(KORAPUT)

801 - 900 1 1601 - 1700 9
901 - 1000 1 1701 - 1800 15
1001 - 1100 2 1801 - 1900 10
1101 - 1200 1 1901 - 2000 3
1201 - 1300 4 2001 - 2100 3
1301 - 1400 8 2101 - 2200 2
1401 - 1500 4 2201 - 2300 0
1501 - 1600 6 2301 - 2400 1
TABLE - 3
(KORAPUT)
Mean Mean
MONTH
0830 1730
IST IST
January 24.6 10.1 30.5 1973 Jan 10 3.2 1976 Jan 11 70 54
February 27.8 13.4 35.4 1969 Feb 27 5.2 1976 Feb 07 66 49
March 31.6 17.2 38.4 1973 Mar 27 10.2 1976 Mar 14 58 41
April 33.0 20.4 39.4 1973 Apr 30 11.2 1977 Apr 19 61 44
May 34.3 21.4 44.3 1967 May 31 13.2 1976 May 16 59 47
June 30.9 20.5 46.6 1967 Jun 06 12.2 1976 Jun 26, 71 66
1977 Jun 29
July 25.5 18.6 33.6 1969 Jul 09 16.1 1957 Jul 07 85 84
August 26.0 18.4 30.6 1958 Aug 10 15.6 1957 Aug 27 84 83
October 27.2 17.7 35.4 1972 Oct 26 9.6 1965 Oct 25 80 73
November 25.3 13.6 31.2 1976 Nov 30 5.0 1970 Nov 30 74 66
December 24.4 10.4 30.2 1976 Dec 10 3.0 1969 Dec 27 72 60
Annual 28.1 16.7 72 62

TABLE - 4
(KORAPUT)
4.6 - - 2.0 14.2 12.9 13.9 3.2 5.4 2.0 2.0 14.0 7.4
TABLE - 5
(KORAPUT)
Mean No.of
Days With
Hail 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thunder 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.3 0.8 0.6 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 2.5
Fog 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dust-storm 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2
MALKANGIRI DISTRICT
The climate of Malkangiri district which lies in the plateau region to the west of
the eastern ghats, is more like Deccan plateau than that of the east coast region. But
due to its situation in the northeastern corner of the Deccan plateau, the climate is
milder than that of the main Deccan plateau. The year may be divided into four
seasons, the hot/summer season from March to the first week of June, the southwest
monsoon season from second week of June to September, the post-monsoon season
from October to November and the cold/winter season from December to February.
RAINFALL
There is only one raingauge station, in the district and records of rainfall for this
station are available for 106 years. The same may be considered for the district as a
whole. The details of the rainfall at this station are given in Tables 1 and 2. The district
is located on the windward side of the eastern ghats. In general, the rainfall in the
district increases from southwest towards the northeast. The average annual rainfall
over the district is 1667.6 mm, July and August being the rainiest months in the year.
About 86% of the annual rainfall is received during the southwest monsoon season.
During the pre-monsoon and the post-monsoon seasons rainfall occurs mostly in the
form of thundershowers. During this period, there were 45 years for which the annual
rainfall is available for 365/366 days. The highest annual rainfall in the district
amounting to 129% of the normal occurred in 1990 and the lowest annua l rainfall in the
district amounting to 59% of the normal occurred in 1987. In this same period, there
were 7 years when the annual rainfall was less than 80% of the normal, two of them viz.
1987 and 1988 being consecutive years.
It is seen from Table 2 that in 33 years out of 45, the rainfall was between 1301
and 2000 mm.
On an average there are 79 rainy days (i.e. days with rain of 2.5 mm or more) in
a year in the district.
The heaviest rainfall in 24 hours recorded at Malkangiri was 306.3 mm on 17

June 1907.
TEMPERATURE

climate which follows is based on the records of the meteorological observatories in the
neighbouring districts. December is the coldest month of the year with the mean daily
about 110C. During the cold season, the district experiences spells of colder weather in
association with eastward passage of western disturbances across the north India,
when minimum temperature sometimes goes down below 50C. Both the day and night
temperatures progressively increase after January till May which is the hottest month.
During this month the mean daily maximum temperature is about 380C and the mean
daily minimum temperature is about 250C. On individual days in May and in June,
before the onset of the monsoon, the maximum temperature may reach above 450C.
With the onset of the southwest monsoon, day temperatures drop appreciably. Though
the night temperatures start decreasing from October onwards, the secondary maxima
of the day temperature is recorded in October.
HUMIDITY
The values of relative humidity in the mornings are generally above 80% in the
southwest monsoon months and between 60 and 80% during the rest of the year. The
summer season is the driest part of the year with the values of relative humidity in the
afternoons generally less than 35%.
CLOUDINESS
The skies are mostly heavily clouded or overcast during the southwest monsoon
season. Cloudiness decreases during the post-monsoon season. Clear or lightly
clouded skies are common during the cold season and early summer season.
Cloudiness increases during the latter half of the summer season.
WINDS
The winds are generally light with some strengthening in force during the latter
part of the summer and early southwest monsoon season. They become strong in July.
In the summer and the southwest monsoon seasons, winds are from directions
southwest and west. In the rest of the year winds are light and variable in direction,
except in the post monsoon season, when the winds from directions between northeast
and southeast blow on some days.
Depressions originating in the Bay of Bengal particularly towards the end of the
southwest monsoon season and early post monsoon season affect the weather of the
district causing widespread heavy rain and gusty winds. Thunderstorms occur in the
latter half of the summer season and early part of the post-monsoon season. Rain
during the southwest monsoon season is sometimes associated with thunder.
TABLE - I
HEAVIEST RAINFALL
HIGHEST LOWEST
in 24 HOURS *
Amount
(mm)
of Data & YEARS * *
Malkangiri 74 a 2.7 4.1 8.9 34.8 49.1 212.2 465.7 472.8 281.2 109.5 23.6 3.0 1667.6 129 59 306.3 1907 Jun 17
b 0.3 0.4 0.8 2.6 3.5 9.9 19.6 20.0 14.4 6.2 1.5 0.2 79.4 (1990) (1987)
TABLE - 2
(Data 1901 - 1990)
(MALKANGIRI)

901 - 1000 1 1601 - 1700 2
1001 - 1100 1 1701 - 1800 8
1101 - 1200 4 1801 - 1900 8
1201 - 1300 1 1901 - 2000 4
1301 - 1400 4 2001 - 2100 3
1401 - 1500 3 2101 - 2200 2
1501 - 1600 4

MAYURBHANJ DISTRICT
The climate of this district is characterised by an oppressive hot summer, high

humidities, nearly all the year round, and well distributed rainfall during the monsoon
season. The year may be divided into four seasons. The hot season is from March to
first week of June. The period from second week of June to September is the southwest
monsoon season. October and November constitute the post-monsoon season, and the
RAINFALL
Records of rainfall in the district are available for 13 stations for 17 to 97 years
period. The details of the rainfall at these stations and for the district as a whole are
rainfall is fairly uniform over the district. The variation in the annual rainfall from year to
year is not large. During the period from 1901 to 1990, the highest annual rainfall
occurred in 1973 when it amounted to 163% of the normal, while 1964 was the year
with the lowest annual rainfall which was 71% of the normal. There were 3 years in
these 80 years period when the rainfall was less than 80% of the normal and none of
them were consecutive. It is seen from Table 2 that the rainfall in the district was
between 1201 and 1800 mm in 56 years out of 79.
in a year in the district. This number varies from 65 at Raruan to 85 at Thakurmunda.
mm recorded both at Baripada(obsy) and Baripada on 12th October, 1973.
TEMPERATURE
The only meteorological observatory in the district is at Baripada. The following

account of the climate is therefore based on the records of the observatory at Baripada.
The hot season commences by about the beginning of March when temperatures begin
to rise rapidly. May is the hottest month when the mean daily maximum temperature is
of the order of 380C. The heat is oppressive and on individual days, the maximum
temperature may reach 480C. With the onset of the monsoon early in June, day
temperatures drop appreciably and throughout the southwest monsoon season the
weather is more pleasant. After the withdrawal of the monsoon by the first week of
October, both day and night temperatures begin to drop steadily. January is usually the
coldest month of the year when the mean daily minimum temperature is of the order of
130C. In the cold season short spells of colder weather occur sometimes in association
with the passage of western disturbances across north India and the minimum
temperature may drop down to about 7 0C.
The highest maximum temperature ever recorded at Baripada was 48.3 0 on 20

May, 1972 and the lowest minimum was 6.6 0C on 06 January 1963 and 14 January,
1989 and 05 January 1992.
HUMIDITY
Relative humidities are high about 70% throughout the year. But in the summer
months, they are comparatively less, being about 66% in the mornings and about 56%
in the afternoons.
CLOUDINESS
overcast. In the summer and the post-monsoon months, there is moderate cloudiness,
the afternoons being more cloudy than the mornings. In other months skies are clear or
lightly clouded.
WINDS
Winds are generally light or moderate with some increase in force in the pre-
monsoon months of April and May. Winds blow mostly from directions between
southwest and southeast in the summer and the southwest monsoon season. In the
post-monsoon and winter seasons, winds are mainly northerly or northwesterly in the
mornings.
Storms and depressions which originate in the head Bay of Bengal in the month
of May and the southwest and post monsoon seasons pass over the district during their
westward movement and cause widespread heavy rain with high winds. Thunderstorms
are common, mostly in the afternoons, in the hot season and in association with them
heavy rain and occasional hail occur. Rain during the monsoon season is also often
associated with thunder. Occasional fog occurs during the cold season.
Tables 3, 4 and 5 give the temperature and relative humidity, mean wind speed
and special weather phenomena respectively for Baripada observatory.
TABLE - I
HEAVIEST RAINFALL
HIGHEST LOWEST
in 24 HOURS *
Amount
(mm)
of Data & YEARS **
Bangripashi 10 a 8.4 27.2 40.8 44.9 81.6 353.3 282.5 344.2 279.1 90.4 38.3 6.9 1597.6 122 71 225.0 1981 Jun 21
(Hydro) b 0.9 2.1 2.9 3.2 5.3 13.1 15.5 16.0 11.2 3.9 1.4 0.5 76.0 (1985) (1982)
Baripada 63 a 16.0 31.9 36.3 53.5 113.7 257.7 363.9 347.1 255.0 137.2 28.8 3.9 1645.0 145 56 467.4 1973 Oct 12
b 1.2 2.2 2.3 3.3 6.3 12.4 16.7 16.9 12.3 6.4 1.4 0.4 81.8 (1973) (1964)
Baripada 35 a 13.2 29.6 40.5 55.5 108.1 269.4 317.6 408.7 312.0 163.8 16.5 4.9 1739.8 153 68 467.4 1973 Oct 12
(Obsy) b 1.0 2.3 3.1 4.0 6.1 12.0 16.7 17.1 13.4 6.8 1.1 0.3 83.9 (1973) (1979)
Jamsolaghat 10 a 7.7 21.5 49.1 57.2 99.7 308.8 307.1 303.8 218.3 96.1 19.4 6.3 1495.0 127 81 264.2 1994 Jun 28
(Hydro) b 0.8 1.9 2.8 3.4 7.0 13.2 16.4 15.5 12.1 4.5 1.0 0.7 79.3 (1990) (1989)
Joshipur 13 a 4.5 16.8 22.7 31.2 65.0 193.1 357.9 339.2 226.1 90.4 4.6 7.7 1359.2 150 74 175.0 1991 Aug 12
b 0.8 1.4 2.5 2.4 4.6 10.8 15.9 15.5 11.1 6.6 0.4 0.7 72.7 (1952) (1954)
Karanjia 61 a 18.5 41.0 31.0 44.9 103.3 244.8 408.6 374.2 222.6 102.0 25.9 7.9 1624.7 149 71 363.2 1927 Jul 30
(Hydro) b 1.3 2.5 2.3 3.1 6.4 11.8 17.6 16.6 12.5 6.3 1.3 0.5 82.2 (1956) (1916)
Murda 12 a 9.8 20.6 29.8 53.5 128.3 285.7 423.7 412.3 364.3 188.2 30.2 7.6 1954.0 160 56 325.0 1978 Jun 07
b 0.3 1.0 1.5 3.0 4.6 8.4 15.7 15.5 12.1 6.7 0.9 0.3 70.0 (1956) (1974)
Rairangpur 30 a 24.3 29.8 28.7 36.0 73.6 214.1 416.4 407.2 226.1 107.3 16.8 9.0 1589.3 142 63 274.3 1927 Jul 30
b 1.7 2.2 2.0 2.8 5.3 10.7 18.2 17.6 11.1 5.8 1.0 0.7 79.1 (1943) (1927)
Raruan 10 a 4.9 11.0 20.6 48.7 102.4 193.0 384.5 287.2 263.5 87.9 16.9 14.5 1435.1 157 105 260.0 1976 Jul 09
b 0.4 0.7 1.4 2.4 4.3 8.1 16.0 11.3 11.8 5.5 1.7 1.3 64.9 (1952) (1955)
Thakurmunda 21 a 4.8 33.6 65.7 61.1 116.1 270.9 321.9 396.9 273.1 115.7 20.5 6.6 1686.9 135 66 327.0 1988 Jun 10
b 0.3 2.2 3.8 3.1 6.4 10.2 17.5 18.9 14.5 6.3 1.1 0.3 84.6 (1990) (1987)
Thakurmunda 10 a 11.9 28.6 83.3 89.4 138.6 291.4 335.7 359.1 248.7 74.7 6.1 2.3 1669.8 132 83 327.0 1988 Jun 10
(Hydro) b 1.4 1.7 4.1 3.7 6.8 12.3 18.3 17.9 13.1 3.6 0.6 0.3 83.8 (1988) (1980)
Contd..
HEAVIEST RAINFALL
HIGHEST LOWEST
in 24 HOURS *
Amount
(mm)
of Data & YEARS **
Udala 11 a 4.3 36.9 28.8 47.8 113.7 202.7 263.8 392.9 358.4 203.5 26.9 20.0 1699.7 134 73 222.3 1952 Oct 08
b 0.3 1.5 2.2 3.0 5.2 10.2 15.6 18.1 12.4 7.4 0.9 0.3 77.1 (1956) (1957)
Udala 10 a 12.4 43.5 49.6 84.0 122.7 308.5 282.6 351.4 285.5 120.8 37.7 4.6 1703.3 144 74 172.2 1994 Jul 19
(Hydro) b 0.8 2.4 2.7 4.9 7.1 13.8 15.5 16.1 12.7 5.6 1.7 0.6 83.9 (1990) (1980)
Mayurbhanj a 10.8 28.6 40.5 54.4 105.1 261.0 343.6 363.4 271.7 121.4 22.2 7.9 1630.6 163 71
(District) b 0.9 1.9 2.6 3.3 5.8 11.3 16.6 16.4 12.3 5.8 1.1 0.5 78.5 (1973) (1964)
TABLE - 2
(Data 1901 – 1990)
(MAYURBHANJ)

1101 - 1200 2 1901 - 2000 6
1201 - 1300 7 2001 - 2100 6
1301 - 1400 6 2101 - 2200 3
1401 - 1500 13 2201 - 2300 1
1501 - 1600 11 2301 - 2400 2
1601 - 1700 8 2401 - 2500 0
1701 - 1800 11 2501 - 2600 0
1801 - 1900 2 2601 - 2700 1
TABLE - 3
(BARIPADA)
Mean Mean
MONTH Maximum Minimum Maximum Minimum Relative
0830 1730
IST IST
January 27.2 12.6 34.7 1973 Jan 22 6.6 1963 Jan 06 70 57
1989 Jan 14
1992 Jan 05
February 30.4 15.7 39.9 1967 Feb 23 7.5 1974 Feb 10 66 53
March 35.3 20.2 42.4 1968 Mar 28 13.0 1984 Mar 02 61 50
1986 Mar 31
April 38.3 24.1 45.8 1980 Apr 25 17.2 1968 Apr 01 66 56
1989 May 26
May 38.2 25.6 48.3 1972 May 20 19.0 70 63
1983 May 09
June 35.4 26.1 47.8 1958 Jun 05 18.9 1977 Jun 02 79 76
July 32.4 25.5 40.6 1982 Jul 04 20.7 1985 Jul 11 85 85
August 32.0 25.3 36.4 1979 Aug 26 21.2 1980 Aug 29 86 86
October 32.0 22.1 39.6 1987 Oct 04 14.6 1976 Oct 31 77 76
November 30.0 17.2 36.1 1979 Nov 21 10.1 1970 Nov 30 70 64
December 27.3 12.8 32.7 1984 Dec 15 6.7 1961 Dec 25 69 60
Annual 32.6 21.0 74 68

TABLE - 4
(BARIPADA)
1.4 2.0 2.8 3.6 4.0 2.7 1.9 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.3 2.1
TABLE - 5
(BARIPADA)
Mean No.of
Days With
Thunder 0.1 1.8 3.1 7.1 8.7 9.7 8.1 9.3 8.9 4.0 0.2 0.0 61.0
Hail 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8
Dust-sto rm 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7
Fog 1.2 1.2 1.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.1 4.9
NAYAGARH DISTRICT
The climate of this district is characterised by hot summer and high humidity
nearly all the year around and good seasonal rainfall. The cold season from December
to February is followed by the hot season from March to first week of June. The period
from second week of June to September constitutes the southwest monsoon season
and October and November months constitute the post-monsoon season.
RAINFALL
Records of rainfall in the district are available for 5 raingauge stations for a
period ranging from 25 years to 92 years. Details of rainfall at these stations and for the
district is 1354.3 mm. Region around the raingauge station Khandapara BL II gets, on
an average, 995.5 mm of rain in a year while the region around Ranpur gets an
average rainfall of 1546.1 mm in a year.
The rainfall during the southwest monsoon months June to September

constitutes about 75% of the average annual rainfall, July and August being the rainiest
months. Some rainfall, about 14% of the average annual rainfall mostly as
thundershowers is received in May and in October. The variation in the annual rainfall
from year to year is not large. Considering the district as a whole, in the 90 year period
from 1901 to 1990, the highest annual rainfall amounting to 153% of the normal
occurred in 1933 and the lowest annual rainfall which was 45% of the normal was
received in 1982. During the same period, the annual rainfall was less than 80% of the
normal in eight years. There were two occasions when such a low rainfall occurred in
two consecutive years viz. 1981,1982 and 1984,1985 during this period.
in a year in the district. This number varies from 69 at Khandapara BL II to 79 at
Daspalla.
mm at Daspalla on 03 July 1945.
TEMPERATURE
As there is no meteorological observatory in Nayagarh district, the climatological

description which follows is mainly based on records of two meteorological
observatories viz. Bhubaneshwar and Cuttack in neighbouring districts. The period from
March to May is the one of steady rise in temperature. May is usually the hottest month
with the mean daily maximum temperature at about 38.0 0C and the mean daily
minimum temperature at about 26.0 0C. On individual days, the maximum temperature
may sometimes rise upto about 470C and due to prevailing high humidities, days are
oppressive. With the onset of the monsoon in the first week of June, day temperatures
drop appreciably but nights continue to be as warm as nights in the summer season.
With the withdrawal of the monsoon, both day and night temperatures begin to
decrease till December, the drop in night temperatures being more marked. December
is the coldest month with the mean daily maximum temperature at about 280C and the
mean daily minimum temperature at about 160C. In association with the passage of
western disturbances across north India during winter months, short spells of cold
weather occur and minimum temperature sometimes drops down upto 9 0C.
HUMIDITY
Relative humidities are generally high throughout the year and above 80%
during the monsoon months. The driest part of the year is the cold and summer
seasons when relative humidity in the afternoon ranges between 40 to 60%.
CLOUDINESS
WINDS
The winds are light to moderate with some strengthening in force during summer
and southwest monsoon seasons. In the summer and southwest monsoon months,
winds are mainly from directions between south and west. In the post monsoon and
cold seasons, winds blow from north or northeast direction.
Most of the depressions and storms originating in the Bay of Bengal in the
monsoon season cross the Orissa coast and move in a westerly direction. These affect
the district causing widespread heavy rain and gusty winds. Many times post monsoon
storms also affect the district in a similar way. During the period March to October,
thunderstorms are common. During the cold season fog is experienced occasionally.
TABLE - I
HEAVIEST RAINFALL
HIGHEST LOWEST
In 24 HOURS*
Amount
(mm)
of Data & YEARS**
Daspalla 65 a 15.4 33.5 37.1 48.6 57.4 216.2 307.9 329.8 236.2 126.2 29.9 7.7 1445.9 164 68 273.1 1945 Jul 03
b 1.1 1.9 2.6 3.3 4.3 11.2 16.8 16.9 13.0 6.2 1.4 0.5 79.2 (1990) (1987)
Khandapara BL II 13 a 3.4 22.5 36.9 31.6 36.6 150.3 216.0 231.5 152.8 77.7 31.8 4.4 995.5 152 62 100.0 1989Jun 14
b 0.3 1.8 3.2 2.5 3.3 9.6 15.3 14.2 11.5 5.4 1.5 0.4 69.0 (1990) (1982)
Khandaparagarh 23 a 11.8 23.7 28.7 41.7 67.1 213.9 316.4 320.7 238.7 175.3 30.4 1.6 1470.0 135 71 180.3 1948Aug 15
b 1.3 1.8 2.1 3.2 4.5 11.4 15.6 16.9 13.3 7.4 1.1 0.3 78.9 (1944) (1957)
Nayagarh 48 a 16.2 34.8 26.1 43.8 63.7 206.8 272.5 257.0 223.4 126.7 37.3 5.7 1314.0 163 68 190.5 1910 Jul 03
b 1.0 2.2 1.9 2.8 4.7 10.2 14.5 15.0 12.6 6.7 1.6 0.4 73.6 (1946) (1920)
Ranpur 62 a 11.7 28.7 21.1 34.0 69.1 230.2 329.8 301.9 283.0 166.6 65.4 4.6 1546.1 147 28 254.0 1950Sep 25
b 0.7 1.8 1.5 2.3 4.2 10.3 15.0 15.3 13.7 7.2 1.9 0.3 74.2 (1986) (1985)
Nayagarh a 11.7 28.6 30.0 39.9 58.8 203.5 288.5 288.2 226.8 134.5 39.0 4.8 1354.3 153 45
(District) b 0.9 1.9 2.3 2.8 4.2 10.5 15.4 15.7 12.8 6.6 1.5 0.4 75.0 (1933) (1982)
TABLE - 2
(Data 1901 - 1990)
(NAYAGARH)

601 - 700 1 1401 - 1500 9
701 - 800 0 1501 - 1600 7
801 - 900 0 1601 - 1700 7
901 - 1000 2 1701 - 1800 4
1001 - 1100 5 1801 - 1900 2
1101 - 1200 4 1901 - 2000 0
1201 - 1300 9 2001 - 2100 2
1301 - 1400 10

NAWAPARA DISTRICT
The climate of Nawapara district is similar to that of the Deccan plateau.

However, being located in the northeastern corner of Deccan plateau, heat in summer
is milder. The year may be divided into four seasons. The summer season from March
to May is followed by the southwest monsoon season lasting upto about the end of
September. October and November constitute the post-monsoon season. The
RAINFALL
from 26 to 105 years. The details of the rainfall at individual stations and for the district
as a whole are given in Tables 1 and 2. The average annual rainfall in the district is
1286.4 mm, July and August being the rainiest months of the year. The variation in the
annual rainfall from year to year is not large. About 85% of the annual rainfall is
received during southwest monsoon months June to September. In the 90 year period
from 1901 to 1990, there were 63 years for which annual rainfall data are available.
Among these, the highest annual rainfall amounting to 143% of the annual normal,
occurred in 1920, whereas the lowest annual rainfall occurred in the year 1965, when it
amounted to 54% of the normal. There were 8 years in this period when annual rainfall
was less than 80% of the normal and there was one occasion when three years of such
a low rainfall were consecutive, viz.1987, 1988 and 1989.
in a year in the district. This number varies from 58 at Komna (Hydro) to 65 at Khariar.
It is seen from Table 2 that in 46 years out of 63 years, the annual rainfall was
between 1001 and 1600 mm.
mm at Nawapara on 29 October 1917.
TEMPERATURE
As there is no observatory in Nawapara district, the following description of

climate is based on records of nearby observatories in the neighbouring districts. The
summer season commences by about the beginning of March when the temperatures
begin to rise. May is the hottest month when the mean daily maximum temperature is
about 420C and the mean daily minimum temperature is about 270C. On individual days
in the month of May and in June, before the onset of the southwest monsoon, the
maximum temperature may reach above 480C. With the onset of the southwest
monsoon, temperatures drop appreciably and throughout the season the weather is
generally cool. After the first week of October, when the southwest monsoon withdraws
the day temperatures increase slightly and a secondary maxima of day temperature is
recorded in October. However, night temperatures decrease progressively. December
is usually the coldest month with the mean daily maximum temperature at about 280C
and the mean daily minimum temperature at about 130C. In the cold season, short
spells of colder weather occur in association with the passage of western disturbances
across the north India and the minimum temperatures may go down to upto about 5 0C.
HUMIDITY
The values of relative humidity are high during southwest monsoon season,
generally about 78%. The humidity decreases in the post-monsoon season. The air is
fairly dry in the cold season. The driest part of the year is the summer season when the
values of relative humidity in the afternoon are less than 30%.
CLOUDINESS
Skies are mostly heavily clouded or overcast during the southwest monsoon
season. In the latter half of the summer and during the post-monsoon season, clouding
is moderate, the afternoons being more cloudy than the mornings. The skies are mostly
clear or lightly clouded during rest of the year.
WINDS
Winds are generally light to moderate throughout the year with some
strengthening in force during the latter part of the summer and southwest monsoon
season. Southwesterlies or westerlies are predominant from April to September, while
northerlies or northeasterlies prevail from October to March.
During the monsoon season, storms or depressions form in the Bay of Bengal
and many times cross the east coast of India and move in a westerly direction. In their
passage across the central part of the country, these storms affect the district and its
neighbourhood and cause widespread heavy rain and strong winds. An occasional
storm originating in the Bay of Bengal in October may also affect the district.
Thunderstorms mostly in the afternoons, occur in the summer season. Rain during the
southwest monsoon season is also very often associated with thunder.
TABLE - I
HEAVIEST RAINFALL
HIGHEST LOWEST
in 24 HOURS *
Amount
(mm)
of Data & YEARS **
Khariar 57 a 12.8 18.3 11.6 24.5 37.0 230.5 298.5 309.7 197.5 79.8 19.5 1.6 1241.3 149 61 264.2 1917 Oct 29
b 0.7 1.5 1.1 1.9 2.6 10.3 15.4 14.9 10.5 4.3 1.1 0.2 64.5 (1990) (1987)
Komna 23 a 7.8 10.3 28.4 27.0 32.0 203.1 360.4 311.9 229.6 48.9 8.5 6.0 1273.9 141 55 204.2 1964 Jul 05
(Hydro) b 0.7 0.8 1.7 1.8 1.9 9.3 14.6 14.0 9.6 3.0 0.4 0.3 58.1 (1964) (1965)
Nawapara 49 a 15.5 15.3 19.2 14.0 24.5 197.4 382.4 361.7 216.4 77.9 17.9 2.1 1344.3 154 53 279.4 1917 Oct 29
b 0.9 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.6 8.7 16.3 14.4 10.2 3.7 1.0 0.2 60.6 (1919) (1989)
Nawapara a 12.0 14.6 19.7 21.8 31.2 210.3 347.1 327.8 214.5 68.9 15.3 3.2 1286.4 143 54
(District) b 0.8 1.2 1.3 1.6 2.0 9.4 15.4 14.4 10.1 3.7 0.8 0.2 60.9 (1920) (1965)
TABLE - 2
(Data 1901 - 1990)
(NAWAPARA)

601 - 700 1 1301 - 1400 4
701 - 800 3 1401 - 1500 10
801 - 900 2 1501 - 1600 6
901 - 1000 2 1601 - 1700 5
1001 - 1100 6 1701 - 1800 3
1101 - 1200 10 1801 - 1900 1
1201 - 1300 10

NAWARANGPUR DISTRICT
The climate of Nawarangpur district which is in the northeastern corner of the

Deccan plateau is in many respect similar to that of main Deccan plateau, but due to
elevation and its location, the climate is milder than that of the main Deccan plateau.
The year may be divided into four seasons, the summer season from March to May, the
southwest monsoon season from June to September, the post-monsoon season from
October to November and the winter season from December to February.
RAINFALL
Records of rainfall are available for 2 stations viz. Dabugaon farm and
Nawarangpur in the district for period of 29 to 106 years respectively. The details of
rainfall at individual stations and for the district as a whole are given in Tables 1 and 2.
The average annual rainfall over the district is 1569.5 mm. About 79% of the annual
rainfall is received in the southwest monsoon months June to September, August being
the rainiest month in the year. The variation in the rainfall from year to year is no t large.
During the 90 year period, from 1901 to 1990, the highest annual rainfall in the district
amounting to 150% of the normal occurred in the year 1936 and the lowest annual
rainfall in the district occurred in 1988 and amounted to 73% of the normal. In this same
period, there were only 3 years when the annual rainfall was less than 80% of the
normal, none of them being consecutive years.
It is seen from Table 2 that in 26 years the annual rainfall was between 1401 and
1900 mm, out of 39 years for which annual rainfall data are available.
On an average there are 74 rainy days (i.e. days with rain of 2.5 mm or more) in
a year in the district. This number is 71 at Dabugaon Farm and 78 at Nawarangpur.
mm at Dabugaon Farm on 01 Oct 1973.
TEMPERATURE
There is no meteorological observatory in the district, therefore, the following

description is based on the records of meteorological observatories in the neighbouring
districts. The hot weather/summer season commences by about the beginning of March
when temperatures begin to rise. May is the hottest month when the mean daily
maximum temperature is about 380C and the mean daily minimum temperature is
about 250C. On individual days the maximum temperature in May and in June,
prior to the onset of the southwest monsoon may reach above 460C. With the onset
of the southwest monsoon by about the second week of June, temperatures drop
appreciably and throughout the southwest monsoon season the weather is generally
cool. After the first week of October when the southwest monsoon withdraws, the day
temperatures increase slightly, while night temperatures begin to decrease
progressively. December is usually the coldest month with the mean daily maximum
the winter season, short spells of cold weather occur in association with the passage of
western disturbances across north India and the minimum temperature may go down
upto about 3 0C.
HUMIDITY
During the southwest monsoon season the values of relative humidity are
generally high about 80%. The relative humidity decreases in the post-monsoon and
winter seasons, especially in the afternoons. The driest part of the year is the summer
season when the values of relative humidity during the afternoons are generally less
than 35%.
CLOUDINESS
During the monsoon months, skies are mostly heavily clouded to overcast.
Cloudiness decreases during the post-monsoon season. Clear or lightly clouded skies
are common during the winter and early summer season. Cloudiness increases in the
afternoons during the latter half of the summer season.
WINDS
The winds are generally light with some strengthening in force during the latter
part of summer and the early monsoon season. They are strong in July. Winds during
the summer and the southwest monsoon season are mostly southwesterly or westerly.
In the post-monsoon and winter seasons, winds blow from directions between north
and northeast.
Storms and depressions originating in the Bay of Bengal, particularly in the

southwest monsoon season and in the early part of the post-monsoon season, do affect
the weather of the district causing widespread heavy rain and gusty winds.
Thunderstorms are also common, mostly in the afternoons, during the summer season,
being more frequent during April and May and are occasionally accompanied with hail.
Occasional fog occurs in the mornings during winter season.
TABLE - I
HEAVIEST RAINFALL
HIGHEST LOWEST
in 24 HOURS *
Amount
(mm)
of Data & YEARS **
Dabugaon 16 a 6.0 16.3 15.7 26.4 53.5 268.1 292.6 353.9 193.9 251.6 17.1 2.1 1497.2 146 74 350.0 1973 Oct 01
Farm b 0.4 1.2 0.9 2.6 4.0 10.9 15.3 17.1 11.9 5.3 0.9 0.1 70.6 (1973) (1987)
Nawarangpur 71 a 7.4 11.8 14.4 41.8 78.6 235.5 420.5 461.1 257.3 85.5 20.2 7.0 1641.1 149 69 279.4 1894 Jun 21
b 0.6 1.1 1.2 3.1 4.9 10.9 18.5 18.9 12.7 4.3 1.0 0.5 77.7 (1990) (1988)
Nawarangpur a 6.7 14.1 15.1 34.1 66.1 251.8 356.6 407.5 225.6 168.6 18.7 4.6 1569.5 150 73
(District) b 0.5 1.2 1.1 2.8 4.5 10.9 16.9 18.0 12.3 4.8 1.0 0.3 74.3 (1936) (1988)
** Years of occurrence given in b rackets.
TABLE - 2
(Data 1901 - 1990)
(NAWARANGPUR)

1101 - 1200 2 1801 - 1900 4
1201 - 1300 3 1901 - 2000 2
1301 - 1400 2 2001 - 2100 1
1401 - 1500 5 2101 - 2200 1
1501 - 1600 8 2201 - 2300 0
1601 - 1700 5 2301 - 2400 2
1701 - 1800 4
PURI DISTRICT
The district enjoys an equable temperature all the year round. The cold season
is from December to February followed by the hot weather/summer season from March
to first week of June. The period from second week of June to September is the
monsoon season while October and November constitute the post-monsoon season or
transition period.
RAINFALL
Records of rainfall in the district are available for 7 stations from 45 to 136 years
period. Details of the rainfall at these stations and for the district as a whole are given in
Tables 1 and 2. The average annual rainfall in the district is 1408.8 mm. The rainfall
generally decreases from the northeast to the southwest. Pipli and Gop in the
northeastern part of the district get on an average 1682 and 1597 mm of annual rainfall
respectively, while Krishnaprasad in the southwestern part gets 917 mm of annual
rainfall. The monsoon arrives over the district by about the second week of June and
withdraws in early October. About 72% of the annual rainfall is received during the
monsoon months of June to September, August being the rainiest month. The year to
year variation of the average rainfall in the district is not large. During the 90 year period
from 1901 to 1990, the highest annual rainfall in the district amounting to 144% of the
normal occurred in the year 1990. The lowest annual rainfall which was 58% of the
normal occurred in the year 1957. Considering the district as a whole, there were ten
years in which the rainfall was less than 80% of the normal, two consecutive years of
such a low rainfall occurred twice, viz. 1983,1984 and 1987,1988. It is seen from Table
2 that in 61 years out of 82, the rainfall was between 1101 and 1700 mm.
in a year in the district. This number varies from 72 at Jankia to 50 at Krishnaprasad.
mm at Puri (obsy) on 21 October 1862.
TEMPERATURE
Records of temperature and other meteorological parameters are available for

Puri observatory. The conditions at Puri may be taken as representative of the district.
The period from March to June is one of continuous increase of temperature and May
and June are the hottest months. The mean daily maximum temperature in June is
about 330C and mean daily minimum temperature is about 270C. On individual days,
the maximum temperature sometimes reach above 440C. During the monsoon season,
the temperatures remain almost steady, the mean daily maximum temperature in the
range of 31-320C and the mean daily minimum temperature in the range of 26-270C.
With the withdrawal of the monsoon towards the end of September, the district
experiences a slight increase in the day temperatures. From October, temperatures
begin to decrease gradually till January, which is the coldest month with the mean daily
about 170C.
The highest maximum temperature ever recorded at Puri was 44.2 0C on 12 June
1965 and the lowest minimum temperature ever recorded was 8.6 0C on 27 December
1968.
HUMIDITY
The values of relative humidity are generally high, about 80%, throughout the
year as the district is located in the coastal region.
CLOUDINESS
Skies are clear or lightly clouded in the cold season. In the summer months,
clouding is moderate. Heavily clouded to overcast skies prevail during the monsoon
season and clouding decreases thereafter.
WINDS
Winds are fairly strong in the summer and monsoon months. The wind is light to
moderate in the post-monsoon season and the cold season. In the post-monsoon and
the cold seasons, winds blow from northerly or northeasterly direction in the mornings
and veer to southerly or southeasterly direction in the afternoons. In the summer and
monsoon months, winds are mainly southwesterly or southerly, the afternoon winds
having an enhanced southerly component than that in the mornings.
Depressions and cyclonic storms originating in the Bay of Bengal in the pre-
monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon months pass through or in the neighbourhood
of the district. The storms, particularly those in the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon
months, cause heavy rain and high winds in the district. Thunderstorms, sometimes
violent, occur in the pre-monsoon months of April and May and also in October. During
the monsoon period, the rainfall is sometimes associated with thunder. In the winter
months, fog occurs occasionally.
frequency of special weather phenomena respectively for Puri observatory.
TABLE - I
HEAVIEST RAINFALL
HIGHEST LOWEST
in 24 HOURS
Amount
(mm)
of Data & YEARS **
Gop 68 a 10.2 30.0 16.4 21.8 69.0 213.0 342.2 336.1 273.6 191.8 83.2 9.9 1597.2 192 52 355.6 1891 Nov 06
b 0.6 1.4 1.1 1.3 3.0 8.9 12.8 13.6 12.8 7.6 2.1 0.5 65.7 (1947) (1987)
Jankia 42 a 16.4 24.9 14.8 18.7 64.1 215.7 314.5 334.2 280.2 188.8 56.4 4.7 1533.4 141 70 279.4 1919 Aug 31
b 0.8 1.4 1.1 1.4 3.5 9.4 15.0 15.3 13.8 7.9 2.1 0.3 72.0 (1936) (1918)
Kakatpur 58 a 10.6 26.3 14.1 12.2 71.9 179.1 263.5 285.0 218.3 174.1 72.1 7.0 1334.2 214 58 268.0 1917 Aug 23
b 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.8 3.0 7.7 11.7 12.2 10.7 6.8 2.1 0.3 58.0 (1917) (1974)
Kanas 69 a 9.7 22.5 14.7 21.1 64.2 189.7 312.8 311.6 240.4 177.2 59.6 5.3 1428.8 193 59 232.4 1946 Jul 01
b 0.5 1.3 1.0 1.2 3.0 8.1 12.7 13.5 11.6 7.0 1.8 0.4 62.1 (1990) (1984)
Krishnaprasad 55 a 8.1 26.1 12.4 15.7 36.5 110.4 151.3 178.6 168.6 147.7 58.4 3.4 917.2 209 56 250.0 1990 Nov 03
b 0.5 1.2 0.8 1.0 2.5 6.5 8.8 10.2 9.6 6.7 1.8 0.4 50.0 (1990) (1954)
Pipli 50 a 8.5 25.3 22.6 23.4 74.0 227.2 383.4 363.4 279.4 202.1 66.1 6.4 1681.8 174 52 322.6 1925 Jun 27
b 0.5 1.4 1.0 1.0 3.0 8.6 14.7 14.2 12.3 7.5 1.7 0.3 66.2 (1925) (1984)
Puri (Obsy) 89 a 13.0 22.6 13.2 16.7 55.2 181.1 276.1 276.4 241.9 189.7 75.1 8.1 1369.1 149 44 480.1 1862 Oct 21
b 0.8 1.2 1.0 1.1 2.8 8.3 11.7 12.5 12.0 7.5 2.2 0.5 61.6 (1986) (1957)
Puri a 10.9 25.4 15.5 18.5 62.1 188.0 292.0 297.9 243.2 181.6 67.3 6.4 1408.8 144 58
(Distric t) b 0.6 1.3 1.0 1.1 3.0 8.2 12.5 13.1 11.8 7.3 2.0 0.4 62.3 (1990) (1957)
TABLE - 2
(Data 1901 - 1990)
(PURI)

801 - 900 1 1501 - 1600 10
901 - 1000 1 1601 - 1700 9
1001 - 1100 7 1701 - 1800 6
1101 - 1200 10 1801 - 1900 2
1201 - 1300 9 1901 - 2000 2
1301 - 1400 12 2001 - 2100 2
1401 - 1500 11
TABLE - 3
(PURI)
Mean Mean
MONTH
0830 1730
IST IST
January 27.1 17.3 33.4 1990 Jan 20 10.6 1893 Jan 12 75 71
February 28.6 20.5 35.8 1967 Feb 24 12.2 1905 Feb 03 77 76
March 30.6 24.1 40.0 1956 Mar 29 12.1 1971 Mar 03 79 81
April 31.2 25.9 41.1 1947 Apr 26 17.4 1987 Apr 29 83 85
May 32.3 27.0 42.2 1943 May 30 16.7 1893 May 25 83 84
June 32.5 26.8 44.2 1965 Jun 12 18.2 1987 Jun 15 84 85
July 31.1 26.2 37.6 1977 Jul 20 19.4 1980 Jul 26 87 87
August 31.5 26.1 37.2 1988 Aug 29 20.9 1984 Aug 17 86 86
October 31.8 24.6 36.1 1899 Oct 02 16.3 1968 Oct 04 78 76
November 30.1 20.8 35.4 1987 Nov 04 11.8 1968 Nov 30 73 68
December 27.9 17.2 32.8 1896 Dec 01 8.6 1968 Dec 27 71 64
Annual 30.6 23.6 80 79

TABLE - 4
(PURI)
10.6 13.7 17.7 21.8 21.0 19.9 19.0 17.2 14.9 9.3 8.9 9.0 15.3
TABLE - 5
(PURI)
Mean No.of
Days With
Hail 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thunder 0.0 0.5 1.4 1.6 1.5 2.5 2.1 2.5 3.0 1.2 0.1 0.0 16.4
Fog 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 1.2
Dust-storm 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
RAYAGADA DISTRICT
The climate of the major portion of the district, which lies to the east of the
eastern ghat is more like that of the east coast. The climate of the remaining region of
the district due to its elevation and situation on the eastern gha ts is different than this.
The year may be divided into four seasons, the hot season from March to May,
the southwest monsoon season from June to September, the post monsoon season
from October to November and the cold season from December to February.
RAINFALL
Records of rainfall are available for 6 stations for period ranging from 22 to 116
years. The details of rainfall at these stations and for the district as a whole are given in
Tables 1 and 2. The average annual rainfall over the district is 1285.9 mm. The spatial
distribution of rainfall in southwest monsoon season is largely influenced by eastern
ghats. Region around Rayagada gets lesser rain i.e. about 1180.4 mm being leeward
side during southwest monsoon while the region around Gunupur (Hydro) gets about
1404.9 mm of rainfall in the southeastern part of the district. Considering the district as
a whole, the rainfall during the monsoon season constitutes about 72% of the annual
rainfall. August is the rainiest month in the year. The variation in the rainfall from year to
year is not large. During the 90 year period, 1901 to 1990, 1990 was the year with the
highest annual rainfall amounting to 153% of the normal while the lowest annual
rainfall, amounting to 61% of the normal occurred in 1920. Duri ng the same period,
there were 10 years when the annual rainfall was less than 80% of the normal, two of
them viz. 1945 and 1946 being consecutive. It is seen from Table 2 that the rainfall in
the district was between 901 and 1400 mm in 52 years out of 64 years.
a year in the district. This number varies from 70 at Rayagada to 76 at Gunupur
(Hydro).
mm at Rayagada on 18 August 1890.
TEMPERATURE

climate which follows is based on the records of meteorological observatories in the
neighbouring districts. December and January constitute the coldest part of the year
with the mean daily maximum temperature at about 280C and the mean daily minimum
temperature at about 140C in the southern and southeastern region of the district and
the mean daily maximum temperature at about 240C and mean daily minimum
temperature at about 100C in the western and northern hilly region of the district. Both
the day and night temperatures, progressively increase from February till May which is
the hottest month. During this month the mean daily maximum temperature is about
340C and the mean daily minimum temperature is about 210C in the hilly area of the
district, while mean daily maximum temperature is about 390C and the mean daily
minimum temperature is about 270C in the plains. On individual days in May and in
June before the onset of the southwest monsoon, maximum temperature may reach
upto about 450C. Thereafter temperatures decrease with the onset of the monsoon and
remain more or less steady during July to September. Though the night temperatures
start decreasing from October onwards, the day temperatures increase slightly in
October and then decrease upto December.
HUMIDITY
The humidity of the air is generally high, about 80%, in the southwest monsoon
season and about 70% in the post-monsoon season. In other months, afternoons are
comparatively drier.
CLOUDINESS
overcast. Moderate clouding prevails in the post-monsoon season. In the rest of the
year the skies are mostly clear or lightly clouded.
WINDS
Winds are generally light in speed with some strengthening in force during
summer season and early part of the southwest monsoon season. In the summer and
southwest monsoon seasons, winds are mostly from directions between south and
west. In the post-monsoon and winter seasons, winds are mostly northerly or
northwesterly in the afternoons and southerly or southeasterly in the mornings.
The district is affected by storms and depressions originating in the Bay of

Bengal particularly in September and October and cause high wind and widespread
heavy rain. Thunderstorms mostly occur during the afternoons of summer and post-
monsoon seasons.
TABLE - I
HEAVIEST RAINFALL
HIGHEST LOWEST
in 24 HOURS *
Amount
(mm)
of Data & YEARS **
Bissem- 68 a 7.7 13.1 21.0 49.8 89.0 192.2 265.3 289.0 214.8 100.6 22.3 7.1 1271.9 149 58 191.0 1914 May 16
Cuttack b 0.6 0.9 1.6 3.7 5.2 10.5 15.7 16.3 12.0 5.8 1.5 0.5 74.3 (1956) (1920)
Bissem- 11 a 12.2 24.8 71.4 46.4 86.9 195.2 256.3 267.7 190.7 94.2 22.3 0.3 1268.4 119 106 313.0 1994 Jul 24
Cuttack b 0.8 2.0 4.3 4.0 4.8 10.7 13.9 15.4 9.8 4.4 1.0 0.0 71.1 (1980) (1981)
(Hydro)
Gudari 11 a 10.9 30.0 51.1 60.0 93.7 197.0 264.0 266.4 198.6 106.6 49.6 3.4 1331.3 151 72 173.4 1991 Jul 29
b 0.5 2.3 3.9 3.7 4.4 10.1 15.0 15.1 9.6 5.4 1.8 0.4 72.2 (1990) (1986)
Gunupur 68 a 7.4 22.8 24.0 54.2 86.4 180.2 242.8 281.7 199.5 117.5 33.2 8.6 1258.3 176 64 270.0 1984 Jun 13
b 0.5 1.5 1.7 3.6 5.1 10.1 13.8 15.1 11.9 6.2 1.8 0.5 71.8 (1990) (1907)
Gunupur 11 a 11.9 30.2 44.7 53.9 102.4 228.1 290.2 289.3 190.8 123.9 35.2 4.3 1404.9 150 76 278.4 1984 Jun 13
(Hydro) b 0.6 2.0 3.3 4.0 4.8 10.9 15.8 15.5 10.8 6.7 1.6 0.4 76.4 (1990) (1987)
Rayagada 67 a 7.5 16.4 15.6 52.0 68.4 179.3 238.5 247.9 200.0 115.2 35.0 4.6 1180.4 147 66 355.6 1890 Aug 18
b 0.5 1.3 1.3 3.6 4.5 10.0 13.7 14.6 11.8 6.5 1.7 0.4 69.9 (1990) (1935)
Rayagada a 9.6 22.9 38.0 52.7 87.8 195.3 259.5 273.7 199.1 109.7 32.9 4.7 1285.9 153 61
(District) b 0.6 1.7 2.7 3.8 4.8 10.4 14.7 15.3 11.0 5.8 1.6 0.4 72.8 (1990) (1920)
TABLE - 2
(Data 1901 - 1990)
(RAYAGADA)

701 - 800 1 1401 - 1500 3
801 - 900 2 1501 - 1600 2
901 - 1000 7 1601 - 1700 3
1001 - 1100 6 1701 - 1800 0
1101 - 1200 9 1801 - 1900 0
1201 - 1300 17 1901 - 2000 1
1301 - 1400 13

SAMBALPUR DISTRICT
The climate of this district is characterised by a hot dry summer and well
distributed rain in the southwest monsoon season. The cold season commences from
December and lasts till the end of February. The hot season follows thereafter and
continues till about the second week of June. The southwest monsoon season is from
second week of June to the end of September. October and November constitute the
post-monsoon season.
RAINFALL
Records of rainfall are available for six stations in the district ranging from 19 to
122 years period. The rainfall at these stations and for the district as a whole are given
in Tables 1 and 2. The average annual rainfall in the district is 1495.7 mm. The western
half of the district gets more rain than the eastern half, the region around Dhama getting
the highest rainfall. About 88% of the annual rainfall is received in the southwest
monsoon season, July and August being the rainiest months. The variation in the
rainfall from year to year is not large. In the 90 year period from 1901 to 1990, the
annual rainfall was the highest in 1961 when it amounted to 181% of the normal. The
lowest annual rainfall which amounted to 61% of the normal occurred in 1979. In the
same ninety year period, the annual rainfall in the district was less than 80% of the
normal in 12 years and two of them were consecutive viz. 1978, 1979. It is seen from
Table 2 that the rainfall in the district was between 1101 and 1700 mm in 56 years out
of 86 years.
in a year in the district. This number varies from 64 at Bamra and Batgaon (Hydro) to
74 at Rampur.
mm at Sambalpur (obsy) on 19 August 1982.
TEMPERATURE
There is only one meteorological observatory at Sambalpur, in the district. The

records of temperature and other meteorological elements which are available for
Sambalpur may be taken as representative of the conditions over the district as a
whole. Temperature begins to rise steadily from about the beginning of March till May
which is usually the hottest month of the year with the mean daily maximum
temperature at 41.0 0C and the mean daily minimum temperature at 26.3 0C. The heat in
May and in the early part of June prior to the onset of the southwest monsoon is trying.
The onset of the monsoon by about second week of June brings some relief. In
between spells of rain, the weather becomes hot and oppressive due to the high
moisture in the air. In September, due to breaks in the monsoon, which are not
uncommon, the day temperatures increase slightly and this increase continues in
October, but the nights become progressively cooler from October. From about the
middle of November, the day temperatures also begin to drop rapidly and December
and January are usually the coldest months, with the mean daily maximum temperature
at 27.3 0C and the mean daily minimum temperature at about 12.5 0C. Cold waves
sometimes affect the district in association with the passage of western disturbances
across northern India in the cold season, when the minimum temperature may go down
upto about 4 0C or so.
The highest maximum temperature recorded at Sambalpur was 47.7 0C on 08

May 1973. The lowest minimum temperature was 4.4 0C on 5 December 1902 and 26
January 1954 at Sambalpur.
HUMIDITY
The relative humidities are high during the southwest monsoon season being
generally about 80%. After the monsoon season, humidity decreases and during the
winter season, the air is fairly dry. The driest part of the year is the summer season,
during which the values of relative humidity are rather low, the afternoon humidity being
generally about 31 to 34%.
CLOUDINESS
Skies are heavily clouded to overcast in the monsoon season. In the latter half of
the summer season and the post monsoon months the clouding is moderate. In the rest
of the year, skies are generally clear or lightly clouded.
WINDS
Winds are generally light to moderate, with some increase in force in late
summer and the southwest monsoon season. In the post-monsoon and winter months,
winds are mainly from directions between north and east. In March, winds are variable
in the evenings and blow from directions between north and east in the mornings. By
April, winds from the southwest and south become more common and these
predominate during the period May to September.
During the monsoon season, depressions from the Bay of Bengal cross the east
coast of India and move in westerly direction. These cause widespread heavy rain and
strong winds. Occasionally, storms from the Bay of Bengal in October may also affect
the district. Thunderstorms occur throughout the year, except in November and
December, their frequency being the least in January and the highest in the monsoon
season. Occasional duststorms and dust-raising winds occur in the summer months.
speed and frequency of special weather phenomena respectively for Sambalpur
observatory.
TABLE - I
HEAVIEST RAINFALL
HIGHEST LOWEST
in 24 HOURS *
Amount
(mm)
of Data & YEARS **
Bamra 15 a 22.6 26.0 15.3 15.6 23.3 173.8 472.3 359.8 206.2 51.2 7.2 6.8 1380.1 140 58 212.6 1981 Aug 15
b 1.0 1.8 1.5 1.3 2.2 8.2 18.5 15.4 10.1 2.6 0.4 0.7 63.7 (1984) (1982)
Batagaon 13 a 9.5 27.5 24.0 19.9 44.5 262.2 285.1 362.5 173.6 46.4 32.3 4.7 1292.2 129 71 197.1 1991 Aug 14
(Hydro) b 0.7 1.6 2.3 1.7 2.5 10.8 13.9 14.5 10.7 3.5 1.2 0.2 63.6 (1985) (1979)
Dhama 37 a 16.3 24.1 11.6 11.1 29.8 223.6 523.3 497.9 255.9 51.9 9.7 3.2 1658.4 125 79 266.7 1920 Aug 26
b 1.0 1.9 1.4 1.0 2.1 9.6 19.0 19.0 12.4 3.8 0.8 0.3 72.3 (1939) (1924)
Jamankiru 19 a 11.2 22.0 19.8 19.6 38.7 214.5 366.0 507.9 221.6 50.0 3.9 3.2 1478.4 144 61 259.0 1973 Sep 02
b 0.7 1.4 1.4 1.3 2.8 8.4 17.1 17.2 10.7 3.3 0.4 0.2 64.9 (1985) (1987)
Rampur 55 a 14.9 22.7 17.1 18.4 35.3 229.3 466.5 439.5 244.4 69.7 13.2 4.2 1575.2 161 63 444.5 1952 Jul 05
b 0.8 1.7 1.4 1.3 2.7 10.3 19.1 18.6 12.6 4.1 1.0 0.2 73.8 (1925) (1954)
Sambalpur 89 a 14.1 24.5 21.3 14.5 22.4 222.3 463.8 487.0 246.3 58.7 9.8 4.0 1588.7 171 59 581.9 1982 Aug 19
(Obsy) b 0.9 1.9 1.7 1.4 2.0 9.7 18.4 18.6 11.3 3.8 0.8 0.4 70.9 (1961) (1974)
Sambalpur a 14.8 24.5 18.2 16.5 32.3 221.0 429.5 442.4 224.7 54.7 12.7 4.4 1495.7 181 61
(District) b 0.9 1.7 1.6 1.3 2.4 9.5 17.7 17.2 11.3 3.5 0.8 0.3 68.2 (1961) (1979)
TABLE - 2
(Data 1901 - 1990)
(SAMBALPUR)

901 - 1000 2 1901 - 2000 7
1001 - 1100 2 2001 - 2100 1
1101 - 1200 8 2101 - 2200 1
1201 - 1300 6 2201 - 2300 1
1301 - 1400 13 2301 - 2400 1
1401 - 1500 10 2401 - 2500 0
1501 - 1600 5 2501 - 2600 1
1601 - 1700 14 2601 - 2700 0
1701 - 1800 6 2701 - 2800 1
1801 - 1900 7
TABLE - 3
(SAMBALPUR)
Mean Mean
MONTH
0830 1730
IST IST
January 27.3 12.6 33.9 1889 Jan 30 4.4 1954 Jan 26 67 49
February 30.2 15.5 37.8 1896 Feb 28 5.6 1950 Feb 13 60 42
March 34.5 19.0 44.7 1980 Mar 28 11.0 1971 Mar 02 52 34
April 39.3 23.3 46.6 1967 Apr 17 14.4 1905 Apr 02 47 31
May 41.0 26.3 47.7 1973 May 08 18.0 1967 May 17 49 31
June 37.0 26.3 47.1 1965 Jun 13 17.0 1970 Jun 26 67 54
July 31.5 24.9 42.9 1976 Jul 06 18.3 1910 Jul 01 83 78
August 31.2 24.7 40.0 1974 Aug 03 16.8 1964 Aug 18 85 80
October 31.9 21.7 40.9 1974 Oct 03 11.5 1964 Oct 25 74 67
November 29.8 16.9 36.1 1966 Nov 27 7.8 1926 Nov 30 69 59
December 27.3 12.5 34.1 1969 Dec 11 4.4 1902 Dec 05 68 53
Annual 32.7 20.7 67 55
Extremes of temperature updated upto the year 1992

TABLE - 4
(SAMBALPUR)
2.7 3.7 4.1 4.7 6.0 6.7 6.0 5.3 4.6 3.3 3.1 2.7 4.4
TABLE - 5
(SAMBALPUR)
Mean No.of
Days With
Hail 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thunder 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.7 2.2 1.9 1.7 1.6 0.4 0.0 0.0 9.5
Fog 1.7 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.5 1.7 5.1
Dust-storm 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1
Squall 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1
SONEPUR DISTRICT
The climate of this district which is in the northeastern corner of the Deccan
plateau is similar to that of the adjoining districts of the Deccan plateau, the heat in the
summer however being milder. The year may be divided into four seasons. The
hot/summer season from March to May is followed by the southwest monsoon season
lasting upto about the end of September. October and November constitute the post
monsoon season. The cold/winter season is from December to February.
RAINFALL
Records of rainfall are available for 4 stations in the district, for the period
ranging from 27 to 86 years. The details of the rainfall at individual station and for the
district is 1418.5 mm, July and August being the rainiest months of the year. The
variation in the annual rainfall from year to year is considerable. About 88% of the
annual rainfall is received during southwest monsoon months June to September.
Considering the district as a whole, in the 80 year period from 1911 to 1990, the highest
annual rainfall amounting to 154% of the normal occurred in 1960, while the lowest
annual rainfall which was 56% of the normal occurred in 1987. During the same period,
there were 15 years when annual rainfall was less than 80% of the normal and two of
them being consecutive years, viz. 1987, 1988. It is seen from Table 2 that the annual
rainfall in the district was between 1001 and 1600 mm in 40 years out of 67.
a year in the district. This number varies from 53 at Birmaharajpur to 68 at Binka.
mm at Sonepur on 16 June 1918.
TEMPERATURE
As there is no meteorological observatory in the district, the description of

climate which follows is based on the records of meteorological observatory at Bolangir
in the neighbouring district. The summer season commences by about the beginning of
March when temperatures begin to rise. May is the hottest month of the year when the
mean daily maximum temperature is at about 410C whereas the mean daily minimum
temperature is at about 280C. On individual days in April and May, the maximum
temperature may sometimes rise upto about 480C. With the onset of the southwest
monsoon by about the second week of June, temperatures drop appreciably and
throughout the monsoon season weather is generally cool. In October, after the
southwest monsoon withdraws by about the first week, the day temperatures are nearly
the same as in the previous month but nights become cooler. From November, both the
temperatures decrease progressively, the drop in night temperatures being more rapid.
December is usually the coldest month with the mean daily maximum temperature at
about 260C and the mean daily minimum temperature at about 150C. In the cold
season, short spells of colder weather occur in the wake of western disturbances
passing across north India and minimum temperature may sometimes go down upto
about 5 0C.
HUMIDITY
The values of relative humidity are high, about 80%, in the southwest monsoon
season and about 68% in the post-monsoon season. The air becomes gradually drier
thereafter. Summer is the driest part of the year with the values of relative humidity,
often going down below 35%, particularly in the afternoons.
CLOUDINESS
overcast. In the summer and post-monsoon seasons, there is moderate cloudiness, the
afternoons being more cloudy than the mornings. In the other months, skies are mainly
WINDS
Winds are generally light to moderate throughout the year. From April onwards,
southerly or westerly winds prevail upto the month of October. In the rest of the months
northerly or northeasterly winds are predominant.
Storms and depressions, originating in the Bay of Bengal during the southwest
monsoon season and in October, pass through the district or its neighbourhood and
cause widespread heavy rain and strong winds. Thunderstorms occur mostly in the
afternoons in the summer season and in October. Rain during the southwest monsoon
season is also sometimes associated with thunder. Fog occurs occasionally during the
cold season.
TABLE - I
HEAVIEST RAINFALL
HIGHEST LOWEST
in 24 HOURS *
Amount
(mm)
of Data & YEARS **
Binka 44 a 17.5 20.5 13.3 15.1 29.7 221.2 441.0 428.6 235.1 59.0 13.4 4.0 1498.4 153 59 282.4 1928 Jul 26
b 1.2 1.4 1.1 1.4 2.5 9.6 17.4 17.1 11.4 3.5 1.0 0.2 67.8 (1917) (1974)
Birmaharajp ur 17 a 13.1 11.3 18.8 17.1 38.6 211.3 308.8 431.6 167.5 43.8 16.2 4.4 1282.5 151 61 354.0 1982 Aug 29
b 0.8 0.9 1.3 1.2 2.0 8.4 13.2 13.6 7.8 2.7 0.8 0.3 53.0 (1985) (1987)
Sonepur 50 a 12.3 22.2 11.7 16.2 22.5 247.6 425.1 391.8 218.7 66.4 13.2 3.0 1450.7 153 51 365.5 1918 Jun 16
b 0.8 1.5 1.0 1.4 1.6 9.5 16.1 15.3 10.3 3.0 1.0 0.2 61.7 (1933) (1923)
Sonepur 24 a 7.0 14.6 18.8 13.2 26.4 189.5 423.4 383.5 290.5 69.9 2.8 1.7 1441.3 152 68 328.2 1970 Jul 01
(Hydro) b 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.5 2.0 8.5 15.4 15.8 11.5 4.1 0.3 0.3 63.2 (1960) (1957)
Sonepur a 12.5 17.2 15.7 15.4 29.3 217.4 399.6 408.9 228.0 59.8 11.4 3.3 1418.5 154 56
(District) b 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.4 2.0 9.0 15.5 15.5 10.3 3.3 0.8 0.3 61.6 (1960) (1987)
TABLE - 2
(Data 1911 - 1990)
(SONEPUR)

701 - 800 1 1501 - 1600 6
801 - 900 2 1601 - 1700 5
901 - 1000 3 1701 - 1800 5
1001 - 1100 8 1801 - 1900 4
1101 - 1200 8 1901 - 2000 3
1201 - 1300 5 2001 - 2100 2
1301 - 1400 7 2101 - 2200 2
1401 - 1500 6

SUNDARGARH DISTRICT
The climate of this district is characterised by a hot and dry summer and well
distributed rainfall in the southwest monsoon season. The cold/winter season
commences from December and lasts till the end of February. The hot/summer season
follows thereafter and continues till about the second week of June. The southwest
monsoon season is from mid-June to the end of September. October and November
constitute the post-monsoon season.
RAINFALL
Records of rainfall are available for 11 stations in the district for the period
ranging from 17 to 82 years. Tables 1 and 2 give the rainfall at these stations and for
the district as a whole. The average annual rainfall in the district is 1422.4 mm. The
rainfall is fairly uniform in the whole district. About 86% of the annual rainfall is received
during the monsoon months June to September, July and August being the months with
the heaviest rainfall. The variation in the rainfall from year to year is not large. In the
period 1911 to 1990 the annual rainfall was the highest in 1962 when it amounted to
180% of the normal. The lowest annual rainfall which was 52% of the normal occurred
in 1979. In the same 80 year period the annual rainfall less than 80% of the normal
occurred in 8 years, out of which there was one occasion of two consecutive years, viz.
1981, 1982. It is seen from Table 2 that the annual rainfall in the district was between
1401 and 2000 mm in 38 years out of 61.
On an average there are 68 rainy days (i.e. days with rainfall of 2.5 mm or more)
in a year in the district. This number varies from 55 at Lephripara to 77 at Bonai.
mm at Bonai on 20 July 1920.
TEMPERATURE
As data for sufficiently long period is not available, normals in respect of

Sundargarh observatory have not been worked out. The following description of the
climate is therefore based on the records of the meteorological observatories in the
neighbouring districts where the climatic conditions are very similar to those in this
district. The hot season commences by about the beginning of March when
temperatures begin to rise. May is the hottest month with the mean daily maximum
temperature at about 410C and the mean daily minimum temperature at about 270C. On
individual days the maximum temperature may occasionally reach above 490C. The
heat in May and the early part of June, prior to the onset of the southwest monsoon is
trying. The onset of the monsoon by about mid-June brings some relief. Due to spells of
rain, the weather becomes oppressive because of the high moisture content of the air.
In September, due to breaks in the monsoon, the day temperatures increase slightly
and this increase continues during October, but the nights become progressively cooler
from October. From about the middle of November, day temperatures also begin to
decrease rapidly. December is usually the coldest month with the mean daily maximum
the wake of western disturbances passing across northern India in the cold season, the
district is sometimes affected by cold waves and the minimum temperature may go
down upto about 6 to 7 0C.
HUMIDITY
The values of relative humidity are high during the southwest monsoon season,
being generally over 75%. Later, the humidity decreases and during the winter season,
the air is fairly dry. The driest part of the year is the summer season when the values of
relative humidity are low, especially in the afternoons, when they are about 21 to 26%.
CLOUDINESS
During the southwest monsoon season the skies are heavily clouded to
overcast. In the latter half of the summer and the post-monsoon months, there is
moderate cloudiness. In the rest of the year skies are generally clear or lightly clouded.
WINDS
Winds are generally light to moderate, with some increase in force in late
summer and the southwest monsoon season. In the post-monsoon and winter months,
winds are mainly from directions between north and northeast. In March winds are
generally from north and northeast in the mornings and south and west in the evenings.
By April, winds from directions between west and south become more common and
these predominate upto the end of September.
Storms and depressions from the Bay of Bengal during the southwest monsoon
season, cross the east coast of India and move in a westerly to northwesterly
directions. These cause widespread rain and strong winds. Occasionally storms from
the Bay of Bengal in October may also affect the district or its neighbourhood.
Thunderstorms also occur during all the months of the year, their frequency being the
least in November and December and highest during the monsoon season. Occasional
dust-storms and dust-raising winds occur in the summer months. Fog occurs in the
winter months.
TABLE - I
HEAVIEST RAINFALL
HIGHEST LOWEST
in 24 HOURS *
Amount
(mm)
of Data & YEARS **
Bisra 16 a 14.0 30.3 10.4 22.3 48.3 280.0 385.5 374.5 206.4 81.3 5.7 1.0 1459.7 151 60 247.5 1971 Jul 27
b 1.2 2.2 1.1 1.4 3.7 10.4 16.4 15.1 10.5 4.1 0.3 0.1 66.5 (1952) (1987)
Bonai 42 a 16.6 29.4 18.6 14.3 53.5 244.5 493.5 425.9 205.3 65.4 15.5 4.3 1586.8 185 49 333.5 1920 Jul 20
b 1.2 1.9 1.5 1.6 3.5 11.0 19.3 18.5 12.7 4.4 1.2 0.4 77.2 (1920) (1954)
Gumandia 16 a 11.4 35.5 18.5 25.7 40.6 248.6 330.4 384.2 191.3 65.4 4.7 5.8 1362.1 156 53 225.0 1971 Jun 05
b 0.7 2.3 1.4 1.7 3.1 10.4 15.3 17.3 10.6 3.8 0.5 0.4 67.5 (1971) (1979)
Hemgir 23 a 17.7 17.8 23.9 13.1 23.4 217.6 427.6 470.9 261.8 69.5 2.4 1.8 1547.5 170 67 197.0 1959 Aug 05
(Hydro) b 1.4 1.2 2.0 1.4 2.0 9.0 19.0 18.6 12.2 4.3 0.4 0.2 71.7 (1961) (1965)
Kuarmunda 20 a 11.9 15.8 6.2 10.5 42.6 264.8 389.1 351.3 226.2 64.8 8.5 4.5 1396.2 166 56 190.0 1964 Jun 29
b 0.8 1.1 0.7 1.0 2.6 9.1 15.9 14.6 10.3 3.1 0.4 0.3 59.9 (1956) (1979)
Lephripara 10 a 3.4 11.4 0.0 0.9 15.4 139.2 262.1 428.9 283.4 68.1 15.9 8.1 1236.8 132 58 183.0 1973 Sep 02
b 0.4 0.8 0.0 0.2 1.5 7.8 11.2 17.0 12.1 3.1 0.3 0.6 55.0 (1952) (1979)
Mandira Dam 10 a 24.5 24.0 19.1 19.0 39.9 240.9 338.1 338.7 130.0 63.6 8.3 2.5 1248.6 126 70 196.0 1994 Jul 20
(Hydro) b 1.3 1.9 1.9 1.7 4.0 9.4 17.6 16.3 10.2 3.5 0.7 0.3 68.8 (1984) (1981)
Pamposh 11 a 25.1 25.3 25.6 26.3 61.7 290.9 362.7 357.0 153.1 43.4 6.2 4.7 1382.0 137 78 305.0 1994 Jul 20
(Hydro) b 1.7 1.8 2.0 2.6 4.3 11.9 19.0 17.7 9.8 3.5 0.6 0.4 75.3 (1984) (1982)
Contd..
TABLE - I (Contd…….)
HEAVIEST RAINFALL
HIGHEST LOWEST
in 24 HOURS *
Amount
(mm)
of Data & YEARS **
Rajgangpur 49 a 15.4 34.1 14.1 14.1 38.4 222.4 446.0 398.1 194.2 69.2 14.5 3.9 1464.4 145 65 310.0 1987 Jul 09
b 1.1 2.3 1.2 1.3 3.0 10.6 18.2 17.7 10.8 3.7 0.8 0.3 71.0 (1917) (1983)
Sundargarh 16 a 11.8 29.2 13.8 13.3 61.9 244.1 446.0 422.3 223.2 96.0 11.8 6.3 1579.7 127 83 206.0 1987 Jul 06
b 1.2 2.0 1.1 1.0 3.8 10.8 16.0 17.8 11.8 4.1 0.9 0.6 71.1 (1956) (1985)
Ujjalpur 22 a 14.6 21.5 25.3 16.3 20.9 218.9 369.6 380.6 251.1 58.2 1.9 3.1 1382.0 181 63 201.4 1959 Aug 04
(Hydro) b 1.1 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.9 9.3 17.1 18.5 11.5 4.2 0.2 0.3 68.7 (1961) (1965)
Sundargarh a 15.1 24.9 16.0 16.0 40.6 237.4 386.4 393.9 211.5 67.7 8.7 4.2 1422.4 180 52
(District) b 1.1 1.7 1.3 1.4 3.0 10.0 16.8 17.2 11.1 3.8 0.6 0.4 68.4 (1962) (1979)
TABLE - 2
(Data 1911 - 1990)
(SUNDARGARH)

701 - 800 1 1701 - 1800 5
801 - 900 0 1801 - 1900 2
901 - 1000 4 1901 - 2000 6
1001 - 1100 1 2001 - 2100 0
1101 - 1200 5 2101 - 2200 0
1201 - 1300 5 2201 - 2300 0
1301 - 1400 5 2301 - 2400 1
1401 - 1500 10 2401 - 2500 0
1501 - 1600 3 2501 - 2600 1
1601 - 1700 12

climate of orissa

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climate of orissa

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PUBLISHER : Controller of Publications, Civil Lines, New Delhi – 110 054

This CD Designed & Authored

RIVERS AND LAKES

The importance of meteorology and its socio-economic benefits is being

The present publication contains extensive information on rainfall in Orissa

NEW DELHI R.R. KELKAR

The climatology of the State of Orissa as a whole in terms of various

II. DISTRICT CLIMATOLOGICAL SUMMARIES

Fig.2(a) Mean Maximum Temperature May XIV

Fig.6 Annual Normal Rainfall (cm) XXIV

Fig. 7 : DISTRICTWISE NORMALS OF SEASONAL & ANNUAL RAINFALL (1901-1990)

The northern plateau region includes mainly Mayurbhanj, Keonjhar and

The coastal plains comprise mostly of Balasore, Bhadrak, Kendrapara,

The Orissa state representing only one meteorological subdivision consists of

2. Climatology of the Orissa State

During the period from December to February, generally low temperatures

2.2 Sea-level Pressure and Winds

The seasonal variation of atmospheric pressure over the state occurs in a

The period, December to March, is generally cloudless or lightly clouded.

The spatial distribution of Coefficient of Variation of annual rainfall over Orissa is

Coefficient of Variation (CV) which is expressed as percentage is defined as:

S tan dard Deviation (σ)

The spatial distribution of CV of seasonal rainfall over Orissa is shown in

2.8 Droughts and Excessive Rainfall

Meteorologically, drought over an area or a place may be defined as a situation

Occurrence of drought conditions in successive years is not frequent in the state.

Years of successive Names of districts

Years of severe Affected

(b) Excessive Rainfall

Rainfall, sufficiently in excess of the normal, is a predominant factor for

Fig. 11 shows the percentage frequency of excessive rainfall and of successive

Districts Years of excessive rainfall Highest amount of

Districts Years of excessive rainfall Highest amount of

Districts Years of excessive rainfall Highest amount of

Successive Years of Excessive Rainfall (Districtwise)

Successive years of Districts

Successive years of Districts

2.9 Cyclonic Storms and Depressions

2.10 Other Weather Phenomena

(a) Thunderstorms and Duststorms

Convective activity is essential for the occurrence of thunderstorms and

NATURAL DISASTERS AFFECTING THE STATE OF ORISSA

S.No. Phenomena/ Area / District Casualties Extent of Damage

1. Heat Wave Interior of - -

S.No. Phenomena/ Area/District Casualties Extent of Damage

S.No. Phenomena/ Area/District Casualties Extent of Damage

1. Drought Sundargarh, Koraput - -

S.No. Phenomena/ Area/District Casualties Extent of Damage

1. Heat Wave Coastal Orissa - -

S.No. Phenomena Area/District Casualties Extent of Damage

1. Heat Wave Orissa - -

S.No. Phenomena/ Area/District Casualties Extent of Damage

1. Gale Cuttack - (1) Roof tops of two school buildings

(b) Mayurbhanj 6 livestock died. (1) 2 villages affected.

S.No. Phenomena/ Area/District Casualties Extent of Damage

(b) Dhenkanal 4 persons died. (1) Many houses in 188 villages

(c) Keonjhar One boy died. -

S.No. Phenomena/ Area/District Casualties Extent of Damage

1. Heat Wave Area adjoining to - -

16. Thunderstorm Ganjam - 8 houses fully, 39 partly, 1 school building

S.No. Phenomena/ Area/District Casualties Extent of Damage

S.No. Phenomena/ Area/District Casualties Extent of Damage

S.No. Phenomena/ Area/District Casualties Extent of Damage

S.No. Phenomena/ Area/District Casualties Extent of Damage