Disertacia (2)

saqarTvelos SoTa rusTavelis Teatrisa da kinos saxelmwifo
universiteti
Tbilisi, 0108, saqarTvelo
saxelovnebo mecnierebebis, mediisa da menejmentis fakulteti

qoreologiis mimarTuleba
xaTuna damCiZe
dasavleT saqarTvelos sacekvao dialeqtebi

(aWaruli, lazur-SavSuri, megruli, afxazuri, raWuli)
da maTi urTierTmimarTebis
ZiriTadi eTnoqoreologiuri aspeqtebi
disertacia
warmodgenilia xelovnebaTmcodneobis doqtoris (PhD) akademiuri

xarisxis mosapoveblad
samecniero xelmZRvaneli: ana samsonaZe

xelovnebaTmcodneobis doqtori
2019
saqarTvelos SoTa rusTavelis Teatrisa da kinos saxelmwifo
universiteti
saxelovnebo mecnierebebis, mediisa da menejmentis fakulteti
qvedargis kodi 100703
sadoqtoro programa: qoreografiuli xelovnebis istoria da Teoria

saidentifikacio nomeri:
avtoris xelmowera --------------
Cven, qvemore xelismomwerni, vadasturebT, rom gavecaniT damCiZe

xaTunas mier Sesrulebul naSroms, dasaxelebiT: `dasavleT saqarTvelos
sacekvao dialeqtebi (aWaruli, lazur-SavSuri, megruli, afxazuri,
raWuli) da maTi urTierTmimarTebis ZiriTadi eTnoqoreologiuri
aspeqtebi~ da vaZlevT rekomendacias saqarTvelos SoTa rusTavelis
Teatrisa da kinos saxelmwifo universitetis saxelovnebo mecnierebebis,
mediisa da menejmentis fakultetis sadisertacio sabWoSi mis ganxilvas
doqtoris akademiuri xarisxis mosapoveblad.
xelmZRvaneli _ ana samsonaZe _ qoreologi, xelovnebaTmcodneobis

doqtori, asocirebuli profesori.
recenzentebi:
oTar kapanaZe _ eTnomusikologi, xelovnebaTmcodneobis doqtori.
aleko gelaSvili _ xelovnebaTmcodneobis doqtori.
ia maqacaria _ istoriis akademiuri doqtori, specialobiT kulturis
mecnierebebi.
Tamar cagareli _ Teatrmcodne, xelovnebaTmcodneobis doqtori,
asocirebuli profesori.
saerTaSoriso eqsperti - andrii nahaCevski,
emeritus profesori da hukulakis kaTedris gamge, albertas
universiteti, filosofiis doqtori
saavtoro uflebebis gverdi
fizikuri pirebis an sxva dawesebulebebis mier, xaTuna damCiZis

sadoqtoro naSromis, `dasavleT saqarTvelos sacekvao dialeqtebi
(aWaruli, lazur-SavSuri, megruli, afxazuri, raWuli) da maTi
urTierTmimarTebis ZiriTadi eTnoqoreologiuri aspeqtebi,~ gacnobis
mizniT moTxovnis SemTxvevaSi, misi arakomerciuli miznebiT kopirebisa
da gavrcelebis ufleba miniWebuli aqvs `saqarTvelos SoTa rusTavelis
Teatrisa da kinos saxelmwifo universitets.~ avtori inarCunebs
danarCen sagamomcemlo uflebebs da arc mTliani naSromis da arc misi
calkeuli nawilis gadabeWdva an sxva raime saxiT reproduqcia
dauSvebelia avtoris werilobiTi nebarTvis gareSe.
avtori irwmuneba, rom naSromSi gamoyenebul saavtoro uflebebiT
dacul masalebze miRebulia Sesabamisi nebarTva (garda mcire zomis
citatebisa, romlebic moiTxoven specifikur midgomas literaturis
citirebaSi, rogorc es miRebulia samecniero naSromebis Sesrulebisas)
da yvela maTganze iRebs pasuxismgeblobas.
avtoris xelmowera _________________
1
abstraqti
yoveli epoqisTvis, kacobriobis ganviTarebis yoveli safexurisaTvis

mxatvruli enisgamokveTis, misi specifikuri niSan-Tvisebebis erTiani sistemis
Camoyalibeba, formireba aris damaxasiaTebeli. eris qoreokulturis epoqaluri
kuTvnilebisa da zogadadkulturul sivrceSi misi adgilis dadgena, winare
qristianul da qristianul epoqaSi Seqmnili artefaqtebis qoreoenis
maxasiaTebeli simbolur-saxeobrivi gamomsaxveli iersaxiT, sazogadoebis
misdami damokidebulebiT, xelovnebis sxvadasxva sferoSi misi
kavSirurTierTobiT, calkeuli nimuSebis stilisturi Taviseburebebis
gansazRvriT xdeba SesaZlebeli. koleqtiuri Semoqmedebis esTetika,
mravalwaxnagovneba, mxatvruli gamovlinebis niSan-TvisebaTa specifikuri
xasiaTi, TiToeuli dialeqtis qoreografiuli nagebobis saxismetyvelebis
specifikuri eniT ganisazRvreba. ama Tu im epoqis mxatvruli enisa da misi
semiotikur-funqcionaluri analizisTvis rekonstruqciis meTodi,
memkvidreobiToba mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs, radgan am process, dakargul
dialeqtTa Tu konkretul sacekvao nimuSTa dadgena-klasificireba, maTi
zogadi esTetikis da rac mTavaria, savaraudo sametyvelo enis restavracia,
udevs safuZvlad.
aqedan gamomdinare, sakvlevi Temis arsebiTi problematika gamoisaxeba ori
mimarTulebiT: sacekvao dialeqtebis fiqsirebis sakiTxi da dialeqtTa
urTierTmimarTeba.
naSromis pirveli Tavi, saxelwodebiT, sacekvao dialeqtis definiciis
sakiTxi, exeba qoreosivrceSi axali terminis, dialeqtis, dafuZnebis sakiTxs.
ganxilulia dialeqtis, rogorc cnebis raoba enobrivi da musikaluri
dialeqtologiis safuZvelze. termini _ `dialeqti~ _ qoreografiis istoriisa
da Teoriis dargobriv sivrceSi axali terminia da misi damkvidreba am sferoSi
mizanSewonili iqneba. qarTul eTnoqoreologiaSi gvian dadga am terminis
definiciis sakiTxi, bevrad ufro gvian, vidre enaTmecnierebasa da
eTnomusikologiaSi. sacekvao xelovnebaSi dialeqtis, rogorc terminis _
damkvidrebis, calkeul dialeqtTa Seswavlisa da maTi urTierTmimarTebis
TaviseburebaTa Seswavlis idea ekuTvnis qoreografsa da qoreologs, profesor
rezo WaniSvils1. xalxur qoreografiaSi dialeqti ganisazRvreba cekvis
sametyvelo eniT. moZraoba, ileTi, ileTTa erToblioba, Sesrulebis xasiaTi,
stili qmnis dialeqtis maxasiaTeblebs.sacekvao dialeqtis definicia ki,
SesaZlebelia amgvarad Camoyalibdes: sacekvao dialeqti aris gansazRvrul
teritoriul lokaciaSi moqceuli eTnikuri jgufis, erTiani fuZe-enidan
gamoyofili, individualuri mxatvruli maxasiaTeblebiT aRWurvili xalxuri
sacekvao Semoqmedeba, romelic inarCunebs kavSirs erovnul fesvebTan.
dialeqtebad dayofa-Camoyalibebis procesi Soreul warsulSi
mimdinareobda. Sedegad, yovelma damoukidebelma dialeqtma gaaerTiana
zogadqarTuli eTnikuri niSnebi, radgan sazogadoebis esTetikuri cnobierebis
mZlavr polarizebas adgili ar hqonia da erTiani qoreoenis dialeqtebad
daSlis procesi ar wasula ise Sors, rogorc sametyvelo enaSi. miuxedavad
imisa, rom erTiani iersaxe SeinarCuna, yovelma dialeqtma Camoayaliba misTvis
damaxasiaTebelisuraTi. sxvadasxva faqtorebis _ istoriuli Tu geografiuli,
eTnikuri Tu politikuri _ gavleniT, qarTul xalxur sacekvao xelovnebaSi,
sakmaod feradovani intonaciuri gama Camoyalibda.yoveli calkeuli dialeqtis
ZiriTadi Taviseburebebis gansazRvra da klasifikacia istoriuli, avTenturi
masalebis safuZvelze, erTgvarovnad, erTi garkveuli struqturuli principis
gaTvaliswinebiT, SeuZlebelia, radgan saerTo Ziridan momdinare qarTuli
qoreografiuli dialeqtebi erTmaneTisagan sruliad gansxvavebuli Janruli
kuTvnilebis, Sinaarsisa da gamoxatvis saSualebebis matareblebi aRmoCndnen.
1
WaniSvili r., werilebi qoreografiaze, wignipirveli, `Tani~, Tb., 2002, gv. 32.
2
enaTmecnierebi da maTze dayrdnobiT eTnomusikologebi dialeqtTa warmoqmnis
sam ZiriTad mizezs adgenen: 1) enobrivi, an musikaluri faqtori; 2) eTnikuri
faqtori; 3) istoriul-geografiuli, politikuri faqtori. Tavisuflad
SegviZlia qoreografiuli dialeqtebis warmoqmnis gansazRvrisas igive
kriteriumebi gamoviyenoT da ase CamovayaliboT:
1. sakuTriv qoreografiuli faqtori;
2. istoriul-geografiuli faqtori;
3. eTnikuri faqtori.
qarTuli qoreografiuli ena, Tavis mxriv, saqarTvelos eTnikuri
mravalferovnebidan gamomdinare, SesaZlebeliaimdenive dialeqtad gamoisaxos,
ramdeni regionic, eTnografiuli kuTxe arsebobs saqarTvelos teritoriaze:
xevsuruli, fSavuri, moxevuri, TuSuri, mTiuluri, qarTluri, kaxuri, mesxuri,
raWuli, afxazuri, svanuri, imeruli, guruli, megruli, aWaruli, lazur-
SavSurida tao-klarjuli dialeqtebi. dialeqtTa gamijvna-daxarisxebam ori
didi ojaxis, dasavleTisa da aRmosavleTis, dialeqturi wris Camoyalibeba
gamosaxa. aseve ganisazRvreba mTisa da baris dialeqtTa Taviseburebebi.
sacekvao dialeqtebis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxis dadgenisas enobrivi anu
sacekvao leqsikis gaTvaliswinebiT, zogadad istoriografiaSi dadgenil
normebs ar emorCileba da geografiuli siaxlovis kanonzomierebiT dominirebs.
mag.: lazur-SavSuri daaWaruli erT dialeqtad erTiandebian; megruli da
afxazuri, avTenturi masalis safuZvelze, met siaxloves amJRavneben; raWuli da
svanuri sacekvao dialeqtebis gadakveTis xarisxi mniSvnelovnad maRalia
saferxulo nimuSebis TvalsazrisiT; eTnikuri niSniT gamoxatuli dajgufeba ki
raWuli da aRmosavleT saqarTvelos sacekvao leqsikaSi metad gamoixata, rasac
Zvel droSi momxdari istoriuli peripetia (aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTidan
mTaraWaSi didi migracia) daedo safuZvlad. amasTan erTad, gverds ver avuvliT
iseTi gavlenebis arsebobas, romlebic qarTulma kulturam ganicada im
geografiul-arealuri Tu politikur-ekonomiuri viTarebidan gamomdinare,
romelSic saqarTvelo, Tavisi ganviTarebis sxvadasxva etapze, imyofeboda.
kulturaTa migracia ara mxolod qveynis SigniT gansazRvravs mxatvrul-
stilisturi xelweris mimarTulebas, aramed qveynis sazRvrebs gareTac. Cveni
mosazRvre qveynebi ganicdidnen qarTuli kulturis gavlenas da saqarTveloc
iRebda maTgan maTTvis damaxasiaTebels.
naSromis meore Tavi, dasavleT saqarTvelos sacekvao dialeqtebi,moicavs
ramdenime qveTavs. saqarTvelos dasavleTi nawili gansakuTrebuli dialeqturi
mravalferovnebiT xasiaTdeba. Tema warmodgenilia aWaruli, lazur-SavSuri,
megruli, afxazuri, raWuli xalxuri qoreografiis safuZvelze.
mesame TavSi, sacekvao dialeqtTa urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxi,
ganxilulilia sacekvao dialeqtTa urTierTmimarTebiTi aspeqtebi. qarTuli
sacekvao dialeqtebis sametyvelo fuZe-ena, dialeqtebad daSlis procesis
Semdegad, yvela dialeqtisTvis saerToa.yovel dialeqts uZvelesi
zogadqarTuli SemoqmedebiTi azrovneba axasiaTebs. amitom maT kulturas erT
sinkretul Zirze aRmocenebuli struqturuli, mxatvrul-stilisturi
maxasiaTeblebi gansazRvravs. qarTul xalxur fesvebze amozrdili xelovnebis
ganviTarebis istoriuli kanonzomierebani globalurad erT gzas miuyveba.
miuxedavad amisa, erTiani sinkretizmis yoveli nawili misTvis damaxasiaTebeli
ganviTarebis xazs anviTarebs.
reliqtebsa da rudimentebSi irekleba xangrZlivi, qronologiurad
daSorebuli da droSi ganfenili faqtebi da movlenebi. uZveles warsulSi, erT
lokaciaSi dafiqsirebuli Zireuli artefaqti, istoriaSi momxdari peripetiebis
mizeziT (gavleniT, zemoqmedebiT) sxva lokaciis kulturul sivrceSic isaxeba
(fiqsirdeba). mag.: raWasa da aRmosavleT saqarTvelos (mTisa da baris)
dialeqtur urTierTmimarTebas aRmosavleTis mxridan raWis mTianeTSi didi
3
migracia daedo safuZvlad.2 es detali istoriidan urTierTmimarTebis
eTnikuri faqtoris gavleniT warmoiqmna. eTnikur-religiuri (amave dros
arealuric) faqtoris zemoqmdebis Sedegad ganixileba aWara-lazeTis
folkloruli Semoqmedebis Taviseburebebic.
dialeqturi urTierTmimarTebis kvlevisas isaxeba ori dialeqturi
erToba aRmosavleT saqarTvelosa da dasavleT saqarTvelos saxiT. dasavleTi
saqarTvelo dialeqtTa mravalferovnebiT gamoirCeva.iseve, rogorc
eTnomusikologiaSi, eTnoqoreologiaSic enobrivi, eTnikuri da geografiuli
parametrebi mniSvnelovan rols TamaSoben, magram qoreografiaSi, rogorc
kvlevam gamoavlina, urTierTzegavlenisa da zemoqmedebis procesSi dialeqturi
qoreoenis Camoyalibebisa da gansazRvrisas umniSvnelovanesi, geografiuli
faqtori aRmoCnda.
calkeuli dialeqtebis ganviTarebis done sxvadasxva niSnuliT
ganisazRvreba. sacekvao nimuSebi swored mTam, misTvis damaxasiaTebeli
karCaketilobisa da kulturis konservaciis mizeziT, Semoinaxa, xolo baris
mimarTulebiT ganleva da zog SemTxvevaSi, gaqroba SeiniSneba. amgvarad,
ganviTarebis donisa da garkveuli mimarTulebis gansazRvra, sacekvao
dialeqtebis urTierTmimarTebis kvlevisas, faqtobrivad SeuZlebelia, garda
amisa, TiToeuli saxeze arsebuli dialeqtis individualoba amgvari kvlevis
saSualebas ar iZleva.
ganviTarebis sawyisi da aRmavali xazis fiqsireba dialeqtebis
ganviTarebaSi xalxuri qoreografiis magaliTze Zalian rTulia dakarguli
sacekvao nimuSebis gamo. avTenturi sacekvao leqsikis Semcveli folkloruli
nimuSis ararsebobis, zogierT SemTxvevaSi ki saerTod dialeqtis amovardnis
SemTxvevaSi, ganviTarebis veqtoris gansazRvra, faqtobrivad SeuZlbelia. mag:
leCxumuri sacekvao dialeqti, romlis sacekvao nimuSebi ar mogvepoveba. igive
iTqmis imeruli sacekvao dialeqtebis SemTxvevaSi. rig SemTxvevebSi ki imdenad
gasceniurebuli nimuSi gvaqvs xelT, rom saavtoro-sacekvao nawarmoebi
sayrdenad ar gamodgeba misi avTenturobasTan sakmaod daSorebis gamo.
sacekvao dialeqtTa Soris urTierTmiaerTeba,xSirad, gamoisaxebaSinaarsiT.
svaneTsa da raWaSi gvxvdeba ferxulTa erTi da igive dasaxeleba variantuli
gansxvavebiT. raWaSi dafiqsirebuli ferxulebi teqstur doneze gvxvdeba
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos barSic, radgan qarTl-kaxeTSi imave saxelwodebis
ferxulebis sacekvao leqsika dakargulia.
sacekvao dialeqtTa urTierTmimarTebaSi mniSvnelovani faqtoria forma.
saferxulo da saferxiso nawarmoebTa dialeqturi nimuSebi simptomaturia
TiTqmis yvela dialeqtisTvis, sacekvao leqsikadakarguli dialeqtebis garda.
mag: orsarTuliani ferxulebi raWaSi, svaneTSi, lazeTsa da aRmosavleT
saqarTveloSi, antifonuri ferxulebi samegrelos, raWasa da aRmosavleTis
sacekvao dialeqtebSi da a.S. qal-vaJis dueturi cekva samegreloSi, afxazeTSi,
raWasa da qarTl-kaxeTSi.
qarTul qoreografiaSi dialeqturiurTierTmimarTeba saintereso saxes
iRebsSemsrulebelTa Semadgenlobis TvalsazrisiTac. SemsrulebelTa mxriv
qalTa da mamakacTa repertuari gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisgan, Tumca arc
imgvarad, rogorc folklorul musikaSi, radgan saferxuloTa did nawilSi
monawileoben rogorc qalebi ise, mamakacebi. im dros, rodesac aRmosavleT
saqarTvelos mTianeTSi uZvelesi wes-Cveulebisa da tradiciis gaTvaliswinebiT
dauSvebeli iyo qalisa da mamakacis araTu cekva, aramed sajarod erTad
gamoCenac ki, dasavleTis mTianeTSi _ raWasa da svaneTSi, uamravi cekva
SemogvrCa qal-vaJTa erToblivi SesrulebiT; isini xelixelCabmuli an
xelmklavgayrili erTad abamen ferxuls. megruli ferxulic qal-vaJTa
Sereuli SemadgenlobiT xasiaTdeba, dueturi cekvebic agebulia qalisa da
2
amoRebulia naSromidan: maisuraZe n., qarTuli xalxuri musika da misi istoriul-
eTnografiuli aspeqtebi, `mecniereba~, Tb., 1989, gv. 14.
4
mamakacis wyvilur cekvaze. dueturi cekva, romelic standartul saxes
atarebsQqalisa da vaJis SesrulebiT, rWuli òRro-CoRros~, megruli àriras~,
kaxuri `cangala da gogonas~ saxiT, dialeqtur urTierTmimarTebas gamosaxavs.
qoreoenis urTierTmimarTebis gamosavlenad Zalze saintereso aRmoCnda
Tavad dialeqtis SigniT mimdinare procesebi, romelmac gardamavali zonebi
gamosaxa, Mmag: sailustraciod moviyvanoT imereTi, romelic raWas erTi
sacekvao nimuSiT, ferxuliT, `madli maxarobelsa,~ daukavSirda.
D dialeqtis Sualeduri statusidan gamomdinare, raWul sacekvao dialeqts
ori mimarTuleba axasiaTebs: aRmosavleTis barTan _ qarTl-kaxeTis saxiT da
mTasTan _ TuSeTis, fSav-xevsureTis, xevis, mTiuleTis saxiT. raWa
aRmosavleTTan mWidro kavSirs inarCunebda. aRmosavleT saqarTvelos yofaSi
daculi folkloruli Zeglebis mniSvnelovani raodenoba dafiqsirebulia
raWaSic. geografiuli mdebareobiTa da Sesabamisad, Sualeduri dialeqtis
statusis SesaZleblobidan gamomdinare, aRmoCnda, rom raWa met siaxloves
aRmosavleT saqarTvelosTan amJRavnebs, vidre dasavleTTan (svaneTis garda).
rogorc Cans, qarTlTan uSualo siaxlove ganapirobebda msgavsi nawarmoebebis
Semonaxvasa da xalxSi gavrcelebas. savaraudod, svaneTSic raWis gavliT
gaikvlia gza im folklorulmanimuSebma da Tematikam, romlebic raWasa da
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos yofaSi inaxeboda.
gamoisaxa dasavleT saqarTvelos sacekvao dialeqtTa urTierTmimarTeba,
romlebic Camoyalibda blokebis saxiT: a) samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos _
aWara-lazeT-SavSeTis _ dialeqturi jgufi; b) kolxeTis dablobze ganfenil _
afxazeT-samegrelo-guria-lazeTis dialeqturi jgufi; g) dasavleT
saqarTvelos mTa nawilis _ raWa-svaneTisa da raWa-saqarTvelos aRmosavleT
nawilis (rogorc mTa, aseve bari) dialeqturi jgufi;
dasavleT saqarTvelos sacekvao dialeqtebSi gamokveTili
urTierTmimarTebiTi movlenebis Sejamebisas, saxeze gvaqvs maTi niSan-TvisebaTa
erToblioba Semdegi specifikis mixedviT:
1. saerTo qarTveluri, romelic fuZe-enis sayrdeni saxiT ikveTeba;
2. damaxasiaTebelia calkeuli dialeqtisTvis;
3. niSandoblivia Sualeduri dialeqtisa da gardamavali zonisTvis.
dialeqturi urTierTmimarTebis specifiuroba, aRmoCenili sxvadasxva
ganmsazRvrebiTi parametrebis detalebSi:cekvis formaSi, SinaarsSi, sacekvao
leqsikaSi, Sesrulebis xasiaTSi, musikalur tempo-ritmSi, saerTo stilistikaSi
erTiandeba da mTliani qarTuli fenomenis maxasiaTebels qmnis.
Abstract
All epochs, all stages of development are characterized in the formation of the united
system of artistic language, specific features of expression. Symbolic-expressive features of
choreo language created in pre-Christian epoch, society’s attitude to it, its relation with
various branches of art, stylistic features of separate examples allow to ascertain the epoch of
affiliation for the choreo culture, and its place in common cultural space. The aesthetics of
collective creation, multifaceted nature, and specific character of artistic expression is
defined by the specific language of the choreographic construction of each dialect.
Reconstruction method, heredity plays significant role in the semiotic-functional analysis of
the artistic language of this or that epoch, because this process is based on the ascertainment-
classification of lost dialects and specific dance examples, restoration of their general
aesthetics and most importantly, of presumable spoken language.
Essential problems of the research topic isexpressed in two directions: documentation of
dance dialects and interrelation between the dialects.
5
Chapter I of the work entitled Definition of Dance Dialect, touches upon the
introduction of the new term ‘dialect’ into choreo space. Discusses the essence of dialect, as a
notion basing on linguistic and musical dialectology. “Dialect” – is a new term in the history
of choreography and field of theory, and its introduction in this field is advisable. Definition
of this term was put on the agenda in Georgian choreography, much later than in linguistics
and ethnomusicology. The idea of introducing ‘dialect’ as a term in dance art, research
ofseparate dialects and their interrelation belongs to choreographer and choreologist, professor
Rezo Chanishvili.3 In folk choreography dialect is defined as language of dance. Movement,
combination of movements, performance manner and style are characteristics of a dialect. The
definition of dance dialectcan be formulated as follows: dance dialect is folk art of an ethnic group in
certain territorial location, with individual artistic features, distinguished from common root-language,
which maintains links with national roots.
The process of formation and division into dialects took place in remote past. Division
was based on the differentiation of one whole. As a result, each independent dialect united
common Georgian ethnic features; there was no strong polarization of prehistoric
ethnos’aesthetic consciousness and division process of the united choreo language into
dialects did not go far as in spoken language. Despite having maintained united look, each
dialect has acquired its characteristic image. Due to the influence of various factors –
historical, geographical, ethnic or political, fairly diverse colourful intonation spectrum has
been formed in Georgian dance art.
It is impossible to define and classify basic peculiarities of certain dialect basing on
historical, authentic materials, homogeneously, with the consideration of certain structural
principle, because reasoning from common ground Georgian choreographic dialects turned
out to bear genre characteristics, content and expression means absolutely different from
each other.
Linguists and ethnomusicologists ascertain chief three reasons of dialect formation: 1)
Lingual, or musical factor; 2) Ethnicfactor; 3) Historical- geographical, political factor. We can
freely use the same criteria for the definition of choreographic dialects and suggest them as
follows:
1. Choreographic factor per se;
2. Historical-geographical factor;
3) Ethnicfactor.
On its part the root-language of Georgian choreography, reasoning from Georgia’s
ethnical diversity, can be manifested in as many dialects, as many provinces, ethnographic
regionsthere are in Georgia: Khevsuretian, Pshavian, Mokhevian, Tushetian, Mtiuletian,
Kartlian, Kakhetian, Meskhetian, Rachan, Abkhazian, Svan, Imeretian, Gurian, Acharan,
Megrelian, Laz dialects and urban folklore. Division of dialects has revealed the formation of
a dialectic circle of two large families, West and East. Also defined are the peculiarities of
highland and lowlanddialects.
When ascertaining interrelation between dance dialects, ethnic parameters, do not
obey general norms of historiography and the regularities of geographical
proximitydominate. For instance, Laz-Acharan, and neighbouring Gurian (expressed only
and conditionally by “Khorumi”) are united in one dialect; Megrelian and Abkhazian reveal
more closeness basing on the authentic material; intersection quality of Rachan and
3 Chanishvili R., Letters on Choreography, Book I, Tani, Tb. 2002, p.32

6
Svandance dialects is higher in term of round-dance examples; grouping according to
ethnicfeaturesis more expressed in Rachan and East Georgia dance lexicon, which is
grounded by historical upheavals (large migration from East Georgian mountains to
mountainous Racha) in olden times. Besides, we cannot ignore the existence of the
influences which Georgian culture suffered reasoning from the geographical, political and
economic conditions, Georgia underwent on various stages of development. Migration of
cultures defines artistic-stylistic direction both inside and outside the country. Our
neighboring countries suffered the influence of Georgian culture and Georgia also adopted
their characteristic features.
Chapter II of the work, DanceDialects of West Georgia, discusses several dialects.
Western part of Georgia is characterized in particular dialectal variety. The topic is presented
on the basis of Acharn, Laz, Megrelian, Abkhazian and Rachan choreography.
Chapter III, Interrelation between Dance Dialects touches upon the aspect of
interrelation between dance dialects. The root-language of Georgian dance dialects, even
after the process of division into dialects is common for all dialects. Besides, each dialect is
boasts ancient common Georgian creative thinking. Thus, their culture is defined by
structural, artistic and stylistic characteristics grown from one syncretic basis. Historical
development regularitiesof the art grown from Georgian folk roots globally followone path.
Nevertheless, each part of united syncretism develops its characteristic line.
Relicts and rudiments reflect long, chronologically distant and scattered in time facts
and events. Basic artifact documented in one location in ancient past, due to historical
upheavals (impact, influence)are also reflected (documented) in other location. For instance,
Dialectal interrelationbetween Racha and EastGeorgia (lowlands and highlands) was based
on big immigration from East Georgia to mountainous Racha.4This detail has resulted from
the influence of ethnical factor from the history. Peculiarities of Acharan and Laz folk art are
reviewed basing on the impact of ethnical-religious factor.
The research of interrelation between dialects has revealed the unity of two - East and
West Georgian dialects. WestGeorgia is distinguished for dialectal variety. Ethnic and
geographical parameters are known to play significant role in ethno choreography, as well as
in ethnomusicology. But the research in choreography has revealed geographic-areal to be
most important in the formation and definition of dialectal choreo language, in the process of
mutual influence.
The development level of certain dialects differs from each other. Danceexamples have
been preserved in the mountains thanks to its seclusion and purpose to conserve the culture.
Whilst in the lowlands the examples are slacked and in certain cases, disappeared. Thus, it is
practically impossible to define the development level and certain trends, by the research of
dialectal interrelation. Besides, existing individuality of dialect does not allow conducting
such research.
It is very difficult to document the initial and ascending line in the development of
dialects, on the example of Georgian choreography because of lost dance examples. Absence
of folk example containing authentic dance lexicon, and rooted out dialectin certain cases,
makes it impossible to define the vector of development. E.g. Lechkhumian dance dialect,
the samples of whicharen’t available. The same can be said about Imeretian dance dialects. In
4
Excerpt from the work: MaisuradzeN. Georgian Folk Music and its Historical-ethnographic Aspects,
Metsniereba, Tbilisi, 1989,p. 14.
7
certain cases, we have such stage-type examples, that author’s creation cannot be used as the
basis ground as it is very far from authenticity.
Interrelation between dance dialects is also interesting in terms of performers. From
this standpoint female and male repertoires differ from each other, however not as much as
in folk music because a large number of round dances are performed by both women and
men. Whilst ancient traditions in East Georgia forbid even public appearance of a man and
woman together, to say nothing of dancing together. Many dances jointly performed by
women and men have survived in West Georgian mountainous regions Racha and Svaneti;
they dance in a circle holding each other by hands or arm in arm. In Samegrelo roun dances
are also performed jointly by men and women. Standard duet dance with expresses dialectal
interrelation with Rachan “Oghro-choghro”, Megrelian “Arira and Kakhetian “Tsangala da
Gogona”.
The processes going on within the dialect turned out to be very interesting for showing
interrelation of choreo language; they revealed transitive zones, for example Imereti with is
related to racha with one example, round dance “Madli makharalobelsa”.
Proceeding from the intermediate status of the dialect Rachan dance dialect has two
directions: to East Georgian lowland regions – Kartli-Kakheti and mountainous regions –
Tusheti, Pshavi, Khevsureti, Khevi, Mtiuleti. Racha maintained close connection with East.
Significant portion of folk monuments documented in East Georgian life mode have been
documented in Racha as well. With geographical location and accordingly, proceeding from
the possibilities of a dialect with intermediatestatus, Racha reveals more closeness with East
Georgia, than West (except for Svaneti). Apparently, direct closeness with Kartli conditioned
the survival of similar examples and their dissemination among the population. Supposedly,
the folk examples and themes preserved in Racha and life mode of East Georgia were
introduced in Svaneti via Racha.
Interrelation of dance dialects:
1 )South-East Georgian Dialectal group of Achara-lazeti Shavsheti;
2) Dialectal group of Abkhazia-Samegrelo, extended towards Guria-Lazeti to the South;
3) Dialectal group of Racha-Svaneti, related to East Georgian highlands and lowlands;
Summary of the events revealed by the interrelation between West Georgian dance dialects
provides their peculiarities with the following specificity:
1. Common Kartvelian, as the basis for root-language;
2. Is characteristic of separate dialects;
3. Is typical for intermediate dialect and transitive zone.
Specificity of dialectal interrelations, encountered in the details of various
determinative parameters, is part of common stylistics and creates the characteristics of
entire Georgian phenomenon.
8
Sinaarsi/sarCevi
Sesavali ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10
I Tavi: sacekvao dialeqtis definiciis sakiTxi ----------------------------------------23
II Tavi: dasavleT saqarTvelos sacekvao dialeqtebi (aWaruli, lazur-
SavSuri, megruli, afxazuri, raWuli)---------------------------------------------------------31
II _ 1. aWaruli sacekvao dialeqti ---------------------------------------------------- 31
II _ 2. lazuri da SavSuri sacekvao dialeqtebi--------------------------------51
II _ 3. megruli sacekvao dialeqti -----------------------------------------------------72
II _ 4. afxazuri sacekvao dialeqti --------------------------------------------------90
II _ 5. raWuli sacekvao dialeqti -----------------------------------------------------106
III Tavi: sacekvao dialeqtTa urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxi ---------------------132
III _ 1. lazur-SavSuri da aWaruli sacekvao dialeqtebis
urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxi -----------------------------------------------------------------------139
III _ 2. megruli, afxazuri, guruli, lazuri sacekvao dialeqtebis
urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxi ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 144
III _ 3. raWuli sacekvao dialeqtis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxi
svanur da aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTisa da baris dialeqtebTa -------161
3.1. funqciur-Sinaarsobrivi datvirTvis mixedviT-------------------------------------161
3.2. formisa da sacekvao leqsikis mixedviT-----------------------------------------------174
daskvna ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 184
gamoyenebuli literatura--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 196
danarTebi ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 201
lazuri da SavSuri sacekvao dialeqtebi-----------------------------------------291
megruli sacekvao dialeqti ------------------------------------------------------------- 203
afxazuri sacekvao dialeqti ------------------------------------------------------------210
raWuli sacekvao dialeqti-----------------------------------------------------------------216
teqstebi -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 221
9
S e s a v a l i
Temis aqtualoba: dRes, rodesac msoflio globalizaciis Seuqcevadma

procesma moicva, rodesac iSleba sxvaoba erebs Soris,gansakuTrebuli
simZafriT dgas TviTmyofadobis SenarCunebis problema. es problema
kidev ufro metad iCens Tavs iseTi mcire qveynebis magaliTze, rogoric
saqarTveloa. Tu ara saukuneebs gamotarebuli da Cvenamde moRweuli
qarTvelTa kulturuli monapovari (materialuri da aramaterialuri),
saqarTvelo ver daimkvidrebda im adgils, romelic mas dRes msoflios
kulturul sivrceSi ukavia.
rogorc kulturuli memkvidreobis obieqts, xalxur qoreografias,
gansakuTrebuli adgili da mniSvneloba aqvs miniWebuli. qarTuli
sacekvao folkloris TviTmyofadoba mis eTnikur mravalferovnebaSi
vlindeba, romelic, erTi mxriv, sxvadasxva kuTxis sruliad
gansxvavebuli sacekvao tradiciebis saxiT arsebobs, xolo, meore mxriv,
zogad qarTul folklorul sivrceSi erTiandeba.
dasavleT saqarTvelos geografiulad mcire teritoriaze sacekvao
dialeqtTa mravalferovneba SeiniSneba. miuxedavad imisa, rom dialeqtTa
garkveuli raodenoba, sacekvao leqsikis TvalsazRisiT, waSlilia
(imeruli, leCxumuri), dasavleT saqarTvelos dialeqtur wres qmnis
svanuri, raWuli, afxazuri, megruli, guruli, aWaruli, lazur-SavSurida
tao-klarjuli xalxuri qoreografia5.
qoreologiis sakvlev sakiTxTa Soris erT-erTi mniSvnelovani,
dResdReobiT, swored, calkeuli sacekvao dialeqtebis dadgena-
klasificireba da maTi urTierTmimarTebis garkveva gaxlavT.
warmodgenili naSromi, faqtobrivad, qarTuli sacekvao dialeqtebis
5
aqedan svanuri sacekvao dialeqtis ganxilvaze, misi moculobidan da aseve, masze
mniSvnelovani informaciis arsebobidan gamomdinare, principulad Sevikave Tavi.
leCxumuri sacekvao dialeqtis Sesaxeb informacia, faqtobrivad, Teoriul donezec ar
moipoveba, xolo, imeruli da guruli sacekvao dialeqtebi, ukve damuSavebuli saxiT,
amoiWra Temidan, sadoqtoro naSromisaTvis dadgenili normebis darRvevis saSiSroebis
gamo. rodesac waSlil, sacekvao leqsikadakargul dialeqtebze vsaubrobT
dasaxmareblad momijnave disciplinebs movixmobT, Tumca mxolod musikaluri da
teqsturi TvalsazrisiT srulfasovani dialeqtikuri urTierTmimarTebis gamokveTa
SeuZlebelia. a. Ciqobava aRniSnavs, rom dialeqti mxolod cocxal enaSi Cndeba. mkvdari
ena, xmarebidan gamosuli ena aRar viTardeba da Sesabamisad verc dialeqtur kavSir-
urTierTobebs davadgenT.
10
istoriaa (warmodgenili dialeqtebis magaliTze) da saintereso iqneba
rogorc profesionali, aseve am TemiT dainteresebuli mkiTxvelisTvis.
misi samecniero daniSnuleba ki konkretulad qoreologTa da
qoreografTa, aseve folkloristTa da momijnave sferoTa farTo
wrisaTvisaa gamiznuli. igi daexmareba Teoretikosebs qoreografiuli
nimuSebis srulyofilad Seswavlis procesSi, praqtikos qoreografebs ki
miscems saSualebas gamoiyenon avTenturi masala da Seqmnan istoriuli
TvalsazrisiT sworad gaazrebuli nawarmoebebi. qarTuli
qoreografiuli xelovnebis istoriaSi gamokveTilma uzustobebma maTi
tipologiuri, terminologiuri, semantikuri mniSvnelobis gadamowmeba-
dadgenis aucilebloba daayena dRis wesrigSi.
enaTmecnierebasa da eTnomusikologiaSi didi xania, rac damkvidrda
termini dialeqti. berZnuli dialekto slaparaks, Tqmas, kilos aRniSnavs. am
terminis gamoyeneba da damkvidreba qarTul xalxur qoreografiul
saxesxvaobebTan mimarTebiTac relevanturad mimaCnia. aqedan gamomdinare,
kuTxuri qoreografiuli xelovnebis ufro marTebuli definicia ase
Camoyalibdeba _ `qarTuli sacekvao dialeqti~.
sakvlevi Temis aqtualoba naSromis ZiriTadi mizniT ganisazRvreba,
rac sacekvao dialeqtTa urTierTmimarTebis gamovlenaSi mdgomareobs.
kvlevis sagani: sakvlev sagans warmoadgens dasavleT saqarTvelos
qoreografiuli dialeqtebi: aWaruli, lazur-SavSuri, megruli,
afxazuri,raWuli da maTi urTTierTmimarTeba. cxadia, teqstur masalaSi
dialeqtis sametyvelo ena sityvieri leqsikiT ganisazRvreba da
Sesabamisad, dialeqtis ganmsazRvrelic enobrivi kilokavi iqneba.
musikologebi musikaluri teqstis dialeqtur urTierTmimarTebaze
akeTeben aqcents, qoreografiaSi ki misi mTavari mamoZravebeli elementi
_ sacekvao moZraoba, ileTi, plastika, Jesti, xasiaTi _ iqneba ZiriTadi
kriteriumi dialeqturi gamijvnisa da urTierTmimarTebis gansazRvrisas.
amgvarad, ZiriTad yuradRebas sacekvao enis danaSrevebis logikur
kavSir-mimarTebas davuTmob, xolo iq, sadac qoreografiuli leqsika
waSlilia, nawarmoebis teqstur da musikalur, funqciur-Sinaarsobriv
aspeqtebze vamaxvileb yuradRebas. yovelive saerTo fuZe-enis _ qarTulis
_ WrilSi ganixileba.Aamave dros, gverds ver avuvli iseTi gavlenebis
arsebobas, romlebic qarTulma kulturam ganicada im geografiuli Tu
11
politikur-ekonomiuri viTarebidan gamomdinare, romelSic saqarTvelo
Tavisi ganviTarebis sxvadasxva etapze imyofeboda. kulturaTa migracia
ara mxolod qveynis SigniT gansazRvravs mxatvrul-stilisturi
xelweris mimarTulebas, aramed qveynis sazRvrebs gareTac.
kvlevis mizani: kvlevis mizans warmoadgens qarTul xalxur
qoreografiaSi axali, inovaciuri terminis, `sacekvao dialeqti~,
dafuZneba. termini aRniSnavsMmsgavsi an identuri sacekvao-sametyvelo
eniTa da gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebiT niSandebuli sacekvao nimuSis
an nimuSTa krebulis, erTian esTetikur sivrceSi gaerTianebas.
bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi mTeli simwvaviT dgeba avTenturi
dialeqturi xalxuri Semoqmedebis moZiebis, Tavmoyris, dafiqsirebis,
Senaxvisa da sistemuri klasificirebissakiTxi.Aaqedan gamomdinare,
winamdebare naSromi miznad isaxavs maqsimaluri srulyofilebiT
warmoadginos dasavleT saqarTvelos sacekvao dialeqtebi, dialeqturi
avTenturi nimuSebi, nimuSTa variantebi, aRwerilobiTi dokumentacia,
gansazRvros TiToeuli dialeqti, istoriuli, eTnografiul-
eTnologiuri, literaturuli, musikaluri Tu saxviT-gamomsaxvelobiTi
sferoebis interdargobrivi samecniero literaturis gamoyenebiTa da
daxmarebiT, sacekvao dialeqtis sametyvelo enaze dayrdnobiT, moaxdinos
dialeqtTa urTierTmimarTebis gansazRvra.
kvlevis mizans aseve warmoadgensuZvelesi sacekvao nimuSebis
analizi im gavlili gzis gaTvaliswinebiT, romelic am nawarmoebebma
gamoiares. dRevandel dRes scenaze avtorTa mier sicocxleminiWebuli
nawarmoebebis didi raodenobaa warmodgenili. avTenturi cekvebi
romelime erT eTnikur-geografiul saxelwodebaSi erTiandeba da krebiT
saxes iRebs. mag: aWaruli cekva, svanuri, am bolo dros maT ricxvs
raWulic Seemata. isini siuitis saxes atareben da ramdenime
damoukidebel nawarmoebs aerTianeben. mravalferovani da
mravalricxovani qarTuli sacekvao Semoqmedeba amiT TiTqos CarCoSia
moqceuli da gaRaribebuli. yovel im cekvas, romelic siuitas qmnis da
erT cekvaSi erTiandeba, damoukideblad arsebobis ufleba aqvs da
imsaxurebs kidec. Catarebuli kvlevis erT-erT mizans ganxilul
sacekvao dialeqtTa (àWaruli sacekvao dialeqti~, `lazur-SavSuri
sacekvao dialeqti~, ,,megruli sacekvao dialeqti~, ,,afxazuri sacekvao
12
dialeqti~, ,,raWuli sacekvao dialeqti~) aqamde ucnob sacekvao nimuSTa
gamoaSkaraveba da fiqsacia warmoadgens. dRevandeli qoreografiuli
sivrce ara mxolod avTentur nawarmoebebs moicavs, aramed Seqmnils
romelime qoreografis _ avtoris mier. vfiqrob, eTnomusikologTa,
kostumebis SemqmnelTa, qoreologTa da qoreografTa erToblivi
muSaobis Sedegad, maTi SemoqmedebiTi unar-Cvevebis moSvelebiT,
SesaZlebeli gaxdeba uZvelesi sacekvao nimuSebis aRdgena.
kvlevis meTodologia: qoreografiuli xelovnebis sinTezurobidan
gamomdinare, naSromis kvleva interdisciplinur xasiaTs atarebs, romlis
ZiriTadi meTodologiuri safuZvelia istoriul-SedarebiTi meTodi.
xelovnebis nebismieri dargis istoria, rogorc sarke, ireklavs eTnosis
ganvlili cxovrebis gzas. იstoriuli folkloristika, gansxvavebiT
aRweriTi folkloristikisagan, romelic statikurad axasiaTebs epoqas
ganvlili gzis gareSe, ar kmayofildeba mxolod misi aRweriTa da erT
sibrtyeSi frontaluri warmodgeniT da miznad isaxavs ganixilos
folkloruli nimuSis, an zogadad Janris, warmoSobisa da ganviTarebis
ganvlili gza da etapebi.Tumca, statikuri mocemuloba Zalze
mniSvnelovnad mimaCnia, radgan naSromis ZiriTadi meTodologiuri
safuZveli _ istoriul-SedarebiTi meTodi, swored statikurad
warmodgenil masalas efuZneba.
mas Semdeg, rac statikuri masala dagrovda, misi sistematizaciis
mizniT, dRis wesrigSi dadga rogorc induqciuri, aseve deduqciuri
meTodis gamoyenebis aucilebloba. empiriul meTodze dayrdnobiT,
kvlevaSi calkeul komponentTa erTobliobisa da urTierTmimarTebis
gamosaxva gaxda SesaZlebeli.Ffaqtobrivad, induqciuri da deduqciuri
meTodebis gamoyeneba mWidro kavSirurTierTobaSia, radgan Tu erTi
konkretuli nimuSi, romelic ama Tu im dialeqtSi Tavisi
maxasiaTeblebiT arsebobs, xdeba safuZveli misi analogis kvlevisTvis
sxva dialeqtSi, Sesabamisad, piriqiT, msgavsi msazRvrelobiTi
parametrebis mqone nimuSebis erToblioba, istoriul-SedarebiTi meTodis
safuZvelze, migvaniSnebs dakarguli dialeqturi nimuSis savaraudo
iersaxeze.
mravalSriani da mravalwaxnagobrivi xalxuri qoreografiis kvleva,
calke aRebuli, verc eTnomusikaluri, verc eTnografiul-istoriuli,
13
verc filologiur-folkoristuli midgomebiT ver moxerxdeba. sakvlevi
Temis yovelmxrivi SeswavlisaTvis, folkloris sinkretuli bunebisa da
mravalSriani struqturidan gamomdinare, momijnave sferoebis
kompleqsuri analizis meTodis gamoyenebis aucileblobadgeba dRis
wesrigSi.
naSromis siaxle da praqtikuli daniSnuleba:
warmodgenili naSromis siaxle:
1. qarTul xalxur sacekvao xelovnebaSi terminis, `sacekvao dialeqti,~
damkvidreba, rogorc sacekvao nimuSTa erTobliobis aRmniSvneli
terminisa, romelic sametyvelo enis, eTnikuri Tu geografiul-
istoriuli parametrebis gaTvaliswinebiT, erTgvarovani mxatvruli
esTetikiT xasiaTdeba;
2. gamoisaxa dasavleT saqarTvelos sacekvao dialeqtTa
urTierTmimarTeba, romlebi cCamoyalibda blokebis saxiT: a) samxreT-
dasavleT saqarTvelos _ aWara-lazeT-SavSeTis _ dialeqturi jgufi;
b) kolxeTis dablobze ganfenil _ afxazeT-samegrelo-guria-lazeTis
dialeqturijgufi; g) dasavleT saqarTvelos mTa nawilis _ raWa-
svaneTisadaraWa-saqarTvelos aRmosavleT nawilis (rogorc mTa, aseve
bari) dialeqturi jgufi;
3. dadginda zogierTi uzustoba sacekvao nimuSebis tipologiuri
kuTvnilebis, terminologiiuri da semantikuri mniSvnelobis
TvalsazrisiT;
bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi qarTuli sacekvao folklori
mniSvnelovan modernizacias ganicdis. sasceno xalxuri xelovneba,
romelic eTnomusikologebis mier damkvidrebuli terminiT, `meoreuli~,
iwodeba, folklorul Semoqmedebas eyrdnoba. xSir SemTxvevaSi,
`meoreuli~ Semoqmedeba folkloris ZiriTad principebs arRvevs, rac,
droTa ganmavlobaSi, avTenturi pirvelwyaros gaqrobis saSiSroebas
aCens.dro da civilizacia xalxur Semoqmedebaze dadebiTad ar
moqmedebs. winamdebare naSromis praqtikuli daniSnuleba swored am
mimarTulebiT vlindeba _ sasurvelia qoreografiuli nawarmoebebi
Seiqmnas moZiebuli, dafiqsirebuli dokumenturi wyaroebis daxmarebiT,
avTentur masalaze dayrdnobiTa da maTi maqsimaluri gamoyenebiT.
14
naSromis moculoba da struqtura: naSromis ZiriTadma Tezam _
qoreografiuli dialeqtebis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxi _ TavisTavad
moiTxova sami ZiriTadi azrobrivi rgolis Tanmimdevruli warmoCineba.
pirvel etapze ganisazRvra sakvlevi sakiTxis Teoriuli aspeqti, kerZod,
qoreologiaSi axali terminis, sacekvao dialeqtis, dafuZnebasTan
dakavSirebuli definiciis Camoyalibeba.Semdgom, meore etapze, sacekvao
dialeqtis definiciis gaTvaliswinebiT, movaxdineT dasavleT
saqarTvelos calkeuli sacekvao dialeqtis retrospeqtiva. da bolos,
winare etapis faqtobrivi masalis safuZvelze, SedarebiTi analizis
gziT ganvsazRvreT sacekvao dialeqtebis urTierTmimarTebis ZiriTadi
veqtorebi.
naSromi moicavs 200 gverds. naSromi Sedgeba Semdegi nawilebisgan:
Sesavali, Tavi I _ sacekvao dialeqtis definiciis sakiTxi; Tavi II _
dasavleT saqarTvelos sacekvao dialeqtebi: aWaruli sacekvao dialeqti,
lazuri da SavSuri sacekvao dialeqtebi, megruli sacekvao dialeqti,
afxazuri sacekvao dialeqti, raWuli sacekvao dialeqti; Tavi III _
sacekvao dialeqtTa urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxi: lazur-SavSurida
aWaruli sacekvao dialeqtebis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxi;
megruli,afxazuri, guruli, lazuri sacekvao dialeqtebis
urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxi; raWuli sacekvao dialeqtis
urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxi svanur da aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTisa da
baris sacekvao dialeqtebTan; daskvna; naSroms Tan axlavs
gamoyenebulili teraturis nusxa (149 erTeuli); internetresursi;
naSroms Tan erTvis xelmowerebis gverdi, saavtoro uflebis gverdi da
reziume qarTul da ucxour enaze. naSromis araZiriTad nawilSi
warmodgenilia danarTi, romelic axlavs yovel sacekvao dialeqts (24
erTeuli) da saferxulo, sacekvao teqstebi.
sakiTxis Seswavlis istoria: qarTul xalxur qoreografias, mis
istoriasa da Teorias eTnoqoreologia swavlobs. sxva eTnologiuri
dargebisgan gansxvavebiT, xelovnebaTmcodneobis am sferos didi xnis
istoria ar aqvs. xalxuri sacekvao xelovnebis Teoriuli Seswavla
gasuli saukunis 20-iani wlebidan iwyeba. xalxuri sacekvao xelovnebis
Teoriuli Seswavlis TariRTan dakavSirebiT, XX saukunis 20-iani wlebi
ganisazRvra aleqsi aleqsiZis mier gamoTqmuli mosazrebebis
15
cekvisSesaxeb da daviT javriSvilis mier ganxorcielebuli
eqspediciebis gaTvaliswinebiT.Tumca imdenad, ramdenadac am sferoSi
konkretuli samecniero baza, kvleviTi institutis an saswavlo
universitetis saxiT XX saukunis 90-ian wlebamde ar arsebobda, rac
samecniero muSaobis Semaferxebel upirveles mizezad migvaCnia, kvlevis
farTod gaSlis saSualeba ar arsebobda da mniSvnelovanwilad
CamorCeboda momijnave dargebis ganviTarebis masStabebs.
pirvel eTnoqoreologad daviT javriSvili moiazreba. daviT
javriSvilma Seqmna qarTuli cekvis Caweris pirobiTi niSnebi, misive
ZalisxmeviT mowyobilma eqspediciebma Semogvinaxa unikaluri sacekvao
nimuSebi da videmomasala. naSromebSi: `qarTuli cekvis Casaweri
pirobiTi niSnebi~, `cekva qarTuli~, `mTiuluri cekvebi~, `cekva xorumi~
mogvca ramdenime qarTuli xalxuri cekvis struqturuli daistoriuli
analizi.
fasdaudebeli wvlili qarTuli sacekvao kvlevis, fundamenturi
naSromebis Seqmnis saqmeSi, mecniersa da mkvlevars lili gvaramaZes
miuZRvis. udidesi saarqivo istoriul-eTnografiuli masalis damuSavebis
Sedegad man Seqmna naSromebi: `qarTuli xalxuri qoreografia~,
`mTawmindeli mocekvave~ [aleqsi aleqsiZe], `qarTuli sacekvao
folklori~. am naSromebSi, faqtobrivad, mocemulia qarTuli xalxuri
qoreografiis istoria, romelsacavtori warmoaCens rogorc
Sinaarsobrivi, aseve SemsrulebelTa genderuli kuTvnilebis Sesabamisad.
gansakuTrebuli aRniSvnis Rirsia praqtikosi da Teoretikosi,
mocekvave, qoreografi da qoreologi avTandil TaTaraZe, romelmac ara
mxolod sacekvao nimuSTa verbaluri xelovnebaTmcodneobiTi
aRweriloba Semogvinaxa, aramed dagvitovacalkeuli sacekvao
nawarmoebis qoreografiuli aRweriloba Tavisive musikaluri masaliT.
ganusazRvrelia misi damsaxureba svanuri ferxulebis Seswavlis saqmeSi,
manve Cawera da daafiqsira garkveuli raodenoba raWuli ferxulebisa.
rom ara avTandil TaTaraZis mier Seqmnili naSromebi, bevri saferxulo
Tu sacekvao nimuSi ukvalod daikargeboda. manve imuSava qarTuli
xalxuri qoreografiis saleqsikono masalaze da aseve Seqmna cekvis
Caweris pirobiTi niSnebi.
16
eTnoqoreologiis ganviTarebaSi mniSvnelovani wvlili Seitanes
xelovnebaTmcodneobis doqtorebma uCa dvaliSvilma, ana samsonaZem,
ekaterine geliaSvilma, aleko gelaSvilma.
rac Seexeba qarTul xalxur qoreografiaSi dialeqtur
urTierTmimarTebas, Temis problematika pirvelad gaaJRera qoreografma
da qoreologma, rezo WaniSvilma, romelmac statiaSi ,,qarTuli xalxuri
qoreografiis dialeqtebis ganviTarebis zogierTi sakiTxi~ dasva
konkretuli amocana, qarTuli xalxuri qoreografiis dialeqturi
kvlevis rakursiT, sacekvao dialeqtebis urTierTmimarTebis dasadgenad:
,,qarTuli sacekvao xelovnebis bediT dainteresebuli mkvlevarebisaTvis
isaxeba konkretuli mizani, kerZod, saWiroa qoreografiul dialeqtTa
gamovlenisa da daxasiaTebis ZiriTadi principebis dadgena, saqarTvelos
sxvadasxva kuTxis sacekvao xelovnebis ZiriTadi Taviseburebebis
gansazRvra da klasifikacia, aseve dialeqtTa urTierTmimarTebebis
damaxasiaTebeli niSnebis gamovlena da amiT qoreografiuli enis
ganviTarebis zogadi kanonzomierebebis gansazRvra~6.warmodgenili
naSromis Sesrulebis ZiriTad mizans swored amonaridSi dasmuli
problemis gadaWra warmoadgens.
calke aRsaniSnavia eTnomusikologTa Sromebi qarTuli xalxuri
Semoqmedebis kvlevis sferoSi. ferxulis mravalSriani, polielementuri
bunebidan gamomdinare d. arayiSvilis,7e. garayaniZis,8 o. kapanaZis,9 n.
maisuraZis,10 g. kraveiSvilis11da sxvaTa samecniero Semoqmedeba
qoreografiis mkvlevarTaTvis mniSvnelovan sayrdens warmoadgens.
musikaluri dialeqtebis kvlevis istoria, qoreografiulisgan
gansxvavebiT, aTeul wels iTvlis. aqedan gamomdinare, is erTgvar
winapirobad iqca eTnoqoreologiaSi dialeqturi urTierTmimarTebiTi
kvlevis dasawyebad.
6
WaniSvili r., werilebi qoreografiaze, wigni pirveli, `Tani~, Tb., 2002, gv. 32.
7
arayiSvili d., raWuli xalxuri simRerebi, `xelovneba,~ Tb., 1950.
8
garayaniZe e., qarTuli musikaluri dialeqtebi da maTi urTierTmimarTeba,
`saqarTvelos macne~, Tb., 2011.
9
kapanaZe o., qarTuli saferxulo simRerebi, disertacia, Tbilisis vano sarajiSvilis
saxelobis saxelmwifo konservatoria, Tb., 2014.
10
maisuraZe n., qarTuli xalxuri musika da misi istoriul-eTnografiuli aspeqtebi,
`mecniereba,~ Tb., 1989.
11
kraveiSvili g., lazuri xalxuri musikis eTnografiuli da musikalur-Teoriuli
aspeqtebi, sabakalavro naSromi, sxelmwifo konservatoria, Tb. 2011.
17
qarTuli xalxuri kulturisa da konkretulad, sacekvao nimuSebis
istoriis Sesaxeb, mniSvnelovan informacias Seicavs rogorc gasuli
saukuneebis mxatvruli literaturuli nawarmoebebi, aseve XIX-XX
saukuneebis xelovnebis sxvadasxva dargis mkvlevarTa istoriul-
eTnografiuli, eTnomusikologiuri, literaturuli xasiaTis kvleviTi
naSromebi, periodul gamocemebSi dafiqsirebuli qarTuli Tu
ucxoenovani werilebi da statiebi, mogzaurTa samecniero da
aRwerilobiTi xasiaTis masalebi. k. maWavarianis, n. janaSias, n. maris, n.
derJavinis, n. dunkel-velingis, o. xuskivaZis, v. cvetkovis, e. lanseres, k.
koxisa da o. spenseris, n. mindelis, i. tepcovis, r erisTavis, j. judiCes,
d. barnabiSvilis, J. Sardenis, a. lambertis, diubua de monperes, i.
rainegsis, n. dubrovinis, J. muries, a. wereTlis, i. javaxiSvilis, d.
arayiSvilis, el. virsalaZis, gr. CxikvaZis, j. noRaidelis, T. saxokias, s.
makalaTias, d. megrelis, Z. loluas, d. janeliZis, v. kotetiSvilisa da
mravalTa sxvaTa publikaciebsa da gamocemebSi, gazeTebSi: `droeba~,
ìveria~, `Кавказ~, masalaTa krebulSi abreviaturiT _ СМОМПК (Сборник
материалов местности и племен Кавказа) fasdaudebeli informaciaa daculi.
aseve, mniSvnelovan cnobebs Seicavs memuaruli da mxatvruli
litaratura.
cekvis Semcveli aWaruli sanaxaobiTi xelovnebis Sesaxeb
mniSvnelovan informacias gvawvdis z. Tandilava. tradiciulad,
yovelwliuri SuamToba Tavs uyrida aWarul folklors, sadac
`lazaroba~, `fadiko-qoCeguri~, àqlemis შekazmva~, `zirikobia~
imarTeboda. cekvavdnen `xorums~, ò, hoჲ, nanas~, `yolsamas~, `qoCegurs~,
`qurTbarsa~ da sxva cekvebs12.
qoreografiuli TvalsazrisiT, ferxulis uaRresad saintereso
aRwerilobas gvaZlevs, al. msxalaZe rac ase iSviaTia araeTnoqoreolog
mkvlevarTa mxridan. gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa `ZeobasTan~
dakavSirebuli ferxulisa da saqorwilo ritualTan dakavSirebuli e.w.
`gadaxveva-gadaqcevis~ aRweriloba.13
12
Tandilava z, SuamTobis tradiciebi da folklori, `mecniereba~, Tb., 1980.
13
msxalaZe al., aWaris saojaxo-sawesCveulebo poezia, sabW. aWara, baTumi, 1969.
18
sainteresoa al. inaiSvilis, j.noRaidelisa da gr. CxikvaZis naSromSi
`masalebi aWaruli musikaluri folkloridan~, cekva `xorumTan~,
terminis warmoSobasa da mniSvnelobasTan dakavSirebuli mosazreba14.
T. komaxiZis mier Sedgenili àWaraSi qarTuli sacekvao folkloris
ganviTarebis istoria~da al. jijeiSvilis àWaruli sacekvao folklori
da misi mesveurebi~, mniSvnelovani informaciis Semcvelia, rogorc
aWaruli sacekvao dialeqtis istoriuli warsulis, aseve misi
Tanamedrove mdgomareobis Sesaxeb15.
lazuri sanaxaobiTi kulturisa da sacekvao dialeqtis Sesaxeb m.
vaniliSisa da z. Tandilavas Sromebi, SeiZleba iTqvas, istoriuli
TvalsazrisiT, am dialeqtis Seswavlis safuZvels warmoadgens16.
mecnierebis k. koxisa da o. spenseris, mogzaurobam kavkasiaSi, miuxedavad
imisa, rom maTi interesis sferos arc eTnografia da arc folklori
warmoadgenda, uaRresad mniSvnelivani informacia Semogvinaxa, kerZod,
cnobebi lazeTSi profesional mocekvave-msaxiobTa da musikalur
instrumentebis Sesaxeb17.
1910 wels, akademikosma niko marma imogzaura TurqeTis lazeTsa da
tao-klarjeTSi da Seqmna pirveli mecnieruli xasiaTis geografiul-
eTnografiuli aRweriloba. igi fasdaudebel informacias gvawvdis
imerxeuli (SavSuri) cekvebis SesaxebNnaSromSi ,,SavSeTsa da klarjeTSi
mogzaurobis dRiurebi.~ M
mxatvar e. lanseresa da misi TanaSemwis Canawerebi sruliad
gansxvavebuli kuTxiT Slis lazTa yofa-cxovrebas da maTTvis
damaxasiaTebel wes-Cveulebebs. Mmetad sainteresoa maTi informacia
lazTa mier xanjlebiT Sesrulebuli sabrZolo xasiaTis cekvis
Sesaxeb18.
14
inaiSvili al., noRaideli j., CxikvaZe gr., masalebi aWaruli musikaluri
folkloridan, saq. ssr. Mmecn. akad. gamomc., Tb.; 1961.
15
komaxiZe T., aWaraSi qarTuli sacekvao folkloris ganviTarebisistoria,àWara~,
baTumi; 2001. jijeiSvili al., aWaruli sacekvao folklori da misi mesveurebi, àWara~,
baTumi, 1995.
16
vaniliSi m., Tandilava a., `lazeTi~, sabW. saq., Tb., 1964.
17
koxi k., spenseri o., cnobebi saqarTvelosa da kavkasiis Sesaxeb, mogzauroba redut
kaledan trapezuntamde, Tb.; `mecniereba~, 1981.
18
.Лансере Е., Дневники.Путешествия Кавказ: будни и праздники, книга вторая, Москва, искусство-XXI век,
2008.
19
Tbilisis konservatoriis doqtrantis, giorgi kraveiSvilis naSromi
lazuri xalxuri Semoqmedebis Sesaxeb, bolo drois fundamenturi
naSromia. saeqspedicio masala saintereso da CvenTvis ucnob informacias
gvawvdis lazur-SavSuri sacekvao dialeqtis Sesaxeb. eTnoforebis
monaTxrobi cekvebis aRwerilobebsac Seicavs: `Wuta nusa~, `Toli moni
kulane~, ùCa biWi~ da sxva19.
baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetis samxreT-
dasavleT saqarTvelos samecniero-kvleviT centrSi daculi T.
futkaraZisa da m. Salikavas naSromi, `satrfialo cekvebi TurqeTis
qarTul mosaxleobaSi~, r. xalvaSis ìmerxeuli folklori~,
fasdaudebeli aRwerilobiTi informaciis Semcveli aRmoCnda. naSromSi
warmodgenilia SavSuri cekvebis: `Semorbenilaჲ,~ `darTulaჲ,~
,,xelgaSlilaჲ,~ ,,bazgirulaჲ,~ ,,gazromilaჲ,~ verbaluri aRwerilobebi20.
s. makalaTias, T. saxokias, k. samuSiasa da Z. loluas samecniero da
memuarulma, aseve d. megrelis mxatvrulma literaturam, saSualeba
mogvca mkafio sistematizaciis qveS mogveqcia megruli xalxuri
qoreografiuli Semoqmedeba, dagvedgina `Zabrales~ saferxulo formebi,
gagvesazRvra mxaruli/xujiSis tipologia21.
gansakuTrebuli istoriuli faseulobis matarebelia, mogzaurTa da
saqarTveloSi moRvawe misionerebis SromebSi dafiqsirebuli xalxuri
sanaxaobebisa da cekvebis aRwerilobebi. Aam mxriv samegrelosTan
mimarTebaSi unda gamovyoT Jan Sardenisa da jovani judiCes cnobebi
saqarTvelos Sesaxeb22, i. tepcovis mier aRwerili xalxuri sanaxaoba
19
aspeqtebi, sabakalavro naSromi, sxelmwifo konservatoria, Tb., 2011.
20
futkaraZe T., Salikava m., satrfialo cekvebi TurqeTis qarTul mosaxleobaSi, SoTa
rusTavelis saxelmwifo universiteti, samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos samecniero-
kvleviTi centri, baTumi, 2009, xalvaSi r., imerxeuli folklori (sofeli bazgireTi), S.
rusTavelis saxelmwifo universiteti. samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos samecniero-
kvleviTi centri, (krebuliV) baTumi, 2007.
21
makalaTia s., samegrelos istoria da eTnografia, saq. mxareTmcodneobis saz., Tb.,
axali gamocema, samuSia k., Zveli kolxuri (megruli) leqs-simRerebi, ègrisis macne~;
Tb.. 2001, megreli d., sacodavni, gaz. ìveria~, #91, 1888. qarTuli xalxuri simReris
ostatebi, samegrelo, Zuku lolua, `saqarTvelos macne~, Tb., 2007, saxokia T., rogor
vizrdebodiT Zvelad, `sablitgami~,Tb., 1955.
22
Sardenis mogzauroba sparseTsa da aRmosavleTis sxva qveynebSi, (red. s. yauxCiSvili),
`mecniereba~, Tb., 1975. judiCe j., werilebi saqarTveloze XVII saukune; `sabW.
saqarTvelo~, Tb., 1964.
20
òsxapue~. avtoris sruli teqstis saSualebiT dadginda, terminis _
òsxapue~ _ terminologia da mxatvruli fenomeni23.
mniSvnelovania d. barnabiSvilis mier aRwerili `Wveniereba~ da r.
erisTavis eTnografiuli masalebi, sadac megruli `sxapuas~
aRwerilobas gvawvdis24.
diubua de monperes25, i. rainegsis26, n. dubrovinis27 istoriuli
cnobebi, k. kovaCis,28 i. qorTuas29, a. argunis30, m. maWavarianis31, S. inal-
ifas32, m. lakerbais33 Sromebi metad mniSvnelovani informaciis Semcvelia
afxazuri sacekvao dialeqtis Sesaxeb. eTnografTa da
xelovnebaTmcodneTa aRwerilobebi gadmoscemen ara mxolod cekvebis
aRwerilobebs, aramed maT istoriasa da warmomavlobas, afaseben maT
Tanamedrove mdgomareobas.
raWuli sacekvao xelovnebis Sesaxeb yvelaze Zveli informacia,
romelic sxvadasxva dargis mecnierebis dasayrdens warmoadgenda, aris n.
mindelis `ferxisa~ da `winamZRola~34. Mn. mindelma aRwera ferxulis
tradiciuli formebi raWaSi da aseve mogvca 9 simRera romlebzedac
ferxulebi sruldeboda. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom raWuli ferxulebis
Sesaxeb n. mindelis mier dafiqsirebul informacias pirvelwyaros
mniSvneloba gaaCnia.
fasdaudebeli damsaxureba raWuli sanaxaobiTi xelovnebisa da
folkloris kvlevis sferoSi miuZRvis eTnograf el. virsalaZes. man
ganixila samonadiro eposis uZvelesi nimuSebi, romelTagan
mniSvnelovani raodenoba swored raWaSi iqna mopovebuli. mecnieri
gvawvdis ferxulTa da sacekvao nawarmoebTa Sesrulebis wessa da
tradiacias, ganixilavs `Sairs~, romelsac aRmosavleT saqarTvelos
23
Тепцов Я., Из быта и веровании Мингрелцев, Сборник материалов местности и племен Кавказа. Вып. XVIII,
отдел 2 Тифлис, 1894 г , ст. 1.
24
Эристави Р., Путевыя записки по Мингрелiи, `Кавказская старина~ №3, Тифлис, 1873, barnabiSvili
d., erTi warmarTuli dResaswauli samegreloSi, gaz. ,,droeba,~ 4 maisi, 1870. #20.
25
Фредерик Дюбуа де Монпере, Путешествие вокруг Кавказа, `Абгиз,~ Сухуми, 1937.
26
rainegsi i., mogzauroba saqarTveloSi, àrtanuji~, Tb., 2002.
27
Дубровин Н, История войны и владычества русских на Кавказе, Т. I, кн. II, СПБ, 1871.
28
Ковач К.,Песни кодорских абхазцев, Изд. Акад абхазского языка и литературы, Сухум, 1930.
29
Кортуа И., Абхазская народная песня, изд. Музыка, Москва, 1965.
30
Аргун А., История абхазского театра, `Алашара,~ Сухуми, 1978
31
maWavariani k., zogierTi niSani abxazTa cxovrebidan, gaz. `droeba~, #12, 1885.
32
Инал-Ипа Ш., Очерки брака и семьи у абхазов, `Абгиза,~ 1954.
33
lakerbai m., afxazuri Teatris istoriidan, `xelovneba~, Tb., 1957,
34
Миндели Н., Картвелския песни,СМОМПК XIX, отд. II. Тифлис, 1894.
21
mTianeTSi dacul gardacvlili gmiris datirebis wess ukavSirebs. aseve
gvaZlevs informacias raWuli da aRmosavleT saqarTvelos dialeqturi
urTierTmimarTebis daSvebis Sesaxeb35.
raWuli folkloruli Semoqmedebis Sesaxeb mniSvnelovania
mecnierebis, q. nakaSiZis36, g. kalandaZis37, kvlevebi.
F folkloruli da zogadad xalxuri Semoqmedebis kvlevebis
ZiriTad bazas d. janeliZis fundamenturi naSromebi, `qarTuli Teatris
istoria~da `saxioba~, warmoadgens. d. janeliZem, pirvelma, safuZveli
Cauyara qarTuli Teatris sawyisis, xalxuri sanaxaobiTi xelovnebis,
misi Semadgeneli komponentis _ xalxuri qoreografiis, mecnierul
Seswavlas, pirvelma gansazRvra maTi Janrobrivi kuTvnileba da
klasificireba.
35
virsalaZe el., qarTuli samonadiro eposi, `mecniereba~,Tb., 1964. virsalaZe el., mTisa
da zemo raWis sawesCveulebo poeziis zogierTi sakiTxi, xalxuri poezia da proza,
qarTuli folklori, VII masalebi da gamokvlevebi, `mecniereba,~ Tb., 1977.
36
nakaSiZe q., qarTuli glovis simRera, mesxeTi (saistorio krebuli), Tbilisis
universitetis. Ggam-ba, Tb., 1999.
37
kalandaZe g., qarTuli xalxuri balada, `saxelgami~, Tb., 1957.
22
Tavi I _ sacekvao dialeqtis definiciis sakiTxi
saqarTveloSi dialeqturi mravalferovneba saTaves, am patara
teritoriaze mosaxle, qarTveli tomebis istoriul warsulSi iRebs.
saqarTvelos ukavia amierkavkasiis dasavleTi da centraluri nawili. igi
iyofa maRalmTian, mTiswina da baris regionebad. CrdiloeTidan
sazRvravs kavkasiis mTavari qedi, samxreTiT mcire kavkasiis mTebi
(TrialeTis, mesxeTisa da aWara-guriis) da javaxeTis mTianeTi,
dasavleTiT Savi zRva, aRmosavleTiT – md. alazani. lixis (suramis qedi)
erTmaneTisagan yofs dasavleT da aRmosavleT saqarTvelos. afxazeTi,
svaneTi, raWa, leCxumi, samegrelo, imereTi, guria, aWara, lazeTi lixis
qedis dasavleT nawils ikaveben, anu dasavleT saqarTvelos moicaven.
aqedan usaTuod unda mivaqcioT yuradReba saqarTvelos istoriulad
ufro vrcel nawils _ tao, klarjeTi, SavSeTi, eruSeTi, kola, artaani,
speri _ romelic dResdReobiT TurqeTis Crdilo-aRmosavleT nawils
warmoadgens. rogorc vxedavT, saqarTvelos dasavleTi nawili
gansakuTrebuli eTnikuri mravalferovnebiT gamoirCeva da dialeqtikuri
araerTferovnebac misTvis bunebrivi unda iyos.
Tavis droze Zvelisa da axlis, warmarTobisa da qristianobis
dapirispirebam, folklors Tavisi kvali daatyo. mTa ufro mdgradi
aRmoCnda siZveleTa konservaciis saqmeSi, barSi civilizaciam imZlavra
da waSala is mniSvnelovani, rac TviToeuli kuTxis TviTmyofadobas
wrmoaCenda. me-18 saukunidan moyolebuli, qarTvel mweralTa Tu
mecnierTa damsaxurebiTa da ZalisxmeviT, SemogvrCa unikaluri teqsturi
da musikaluri masalaliteraturisa da xelovnebis sxvadasxva dargSi.
SedarebiT rTulia viTareba qoreografiaSi. cekvis efemerulobisa da
aramaterialurobis, aseve Zvel droSi misi dafiqsirebis xerxebis
arqonisa da, zogadad, ararsebobis gamo, plastikis ,,damagreba~
furcelze TiTqmis SeuZlebeli iyo. Sesabamisad, qoreologiuri kvlevis
procesSi Zalze mniSvnelovania sacekvao qmedebis Sesaxeb yvela im
faqtobrivi masalis Tavmoyra da detaluri Seswavla, rac sxvadasxva
wyaroebSi, nawil-nawil, misxal-misxal, periodul gamocemebsa Tu
monografiul da mxatvrul literaturaSia gabneuli. avTenturi cekvevis
Sesaxeb codnis Segroveba, dafiqsireba da sistemizireba sasicocxlod
mniSvnelovania, rogorc qarTuli xalxuri qoreografiis istoriis, aseve,
23
zogadqarTul kulturul sivrceSi, eTnikuri TviTmyofadobis
SenarCunebis TvalsazrisiT.
xalxuri Semoqmedeba sazogadoebis yofierebis tradiciuli nawilia.
igi tradiciis, wes-Cveulebis gamomxatvelia da Tavad tradiciaa
xalxuri Semoqmedebis Semcveli. xalxuri Semoqmedeba mWidrod
ukavSirdeba eris eTnogenezisis sakiTxs. nawarmoebis saxierebidan
vlindeba misi Semqmneli eTnosis SemoqmedebiTi xelwera, tradiciuli
maxasiaTebeli niSnebi, asaki. folklorisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli
anonimuroba da zepiri gavrcelebis forma arTulebs ama Tu im nimuSis
warmoSobis zusti TariRis dadgenas. amitom, Tavad nimuSSi datanili
Sinaarsi ganapirobebs Sesabamisi epoqis Seswavlas, sadac istoria
upirveles damxmared Cndeba. aqedan gamomdinare, istoriis codna
upirobo faqtoria folkloris kvlevis procesSi. swored Cvenamde
moRweuli mxatvruli nawarmoebebia erT-erTi sando wyaro, dialeqtTa
Camoyalibeba-formirebis gansazRvrisTvalsazrisiT. xalxuri Semoqmedeba,
am SemTxvevaSi, qoreografiis istoria, eris istoriis nawilia. xSirad,
xalxur SemoqmedebaSi daleqili movlenebi da faqtebi, istoriuli
informaciis Semavsebel utyuar wyarod iqceva. Tavis mxriv, folklorul
nawarmoebebsacSeuZliaTistoriuli wyaros funqciis Sesruleba. xalxis
cnobierebam folklorSi daleqa da Semoinaxa drois garkveuli
monakveTebis, an sulac epoqis mniSvnelovani detalebi. xelovnebis
nebismieri dargis istoria, rogorc sarke, ireklavs eTnosis ganvlili
cxovrebis gzas. `mecnierebis nebismieri dargis ganviTarebis garkveul
etapze warmodgeba mecnieruli masalisa Tu mecnieruli Sexedulebebis
klasifikaciisa dasistematizaciis saWiroeba, radgan codnis
sistemuroba, e.i. garkveul wesebze damyarebuli organizebuloba, TviT
mecnierebis mniSvnelovani niSansvetia... klasifikacia ormagi Tvisebisaa.
erTi mxriv igi sagnebis, movlenebisa Tu cnebebis klasebad da jgufebad
danawevrebas ukavSirdeba, raTa safuZvlianad SeviswavloT TiToeulis
niSan-Tvisebebi, xolo meore mxriv, dadgenili kanonzomierebebis
Sejerebis safuZvelze srulyofilad SevicnoT mTeli. (WoxoneliZe e. _
1988, 1)~38.
38
amoRebulia naSromidan garayaniZe e., qarTuli musikaluri dialeqtebi da maTi
urTierTmimarTeba, `saqarTvelos macne~, Tb., 2011, gv. 17.
24
unda aRiniSnos, rom termini _ `dialeqti~ _ qoreografiis istoriisa da
Teoriis dargobriv sivrceSi axali terminia da misi damkvidreba am
sferoSi mizanSewonili iqneba. qarTul eTnoqoreologiaSi gvian dadga
am terminis definiciis sakiTxi, bevrad ufro gvian, vidre
enaTmecnierebasa da eTnomusikologiaSi. sacekvao xelovnebaSi
dialeqtis, rogorc terminis _ damkvidrebis, calkeul dialeqtTa
Seswavlisa da maTi urTierTmimarTebis TaviseburebaTa Seswavlis idea
ekuTvnis qoreografsa da qoreologs, profesor rezo WaniSvils39.
ras niSnavs, rogor ganisazRvreba dialeqti? rogoria zogadad
dialeqtis Camoyalibebis pirobebi da ra parametrebiT ganisazRvreba igi
xalxur qoreografiaSi? xalxur qoreografiaSi dialeqti ganisazRvreba
cekvis sametyvelo eniT. moZraoba, ileTi, ileTTa erToblioba,
Sesrulebis xasiaTi, stili qmnis dialeqtis maxasiaTeblebs. sacekvao
dialeqtis semantikis gamosakveTad, moviSvelieb momijnave sferoebs,
sadac ukve dadgenilia dialeqtis ganmsazRvreli niSnebi da
maxasiaTeblebi, enaTmecniereba iqneba es, Tu eTnomusikologia.
dialeqt-i (berZn. dialektos) _ kilo,kilokavi (enisa).40
eTnomusikologiaSi terminis Sinaarsi erT-erTi versiiT ase Camoyalibda:
,,musikaluri dialeqti erovnuli musikaluri folkloris ganStoebaa,
igi gavrcelebulia garkveul teritoriaze ama Tu im eTnikuri jgufis
farglebSi da xasiaTdeba stilisturi Taviseburebebis kompleqsiT~ 41.
sacekvao dialeqtis definicia ki, SesaZlebelia amgvarad Camoyalibdes:
sacekvao dialeqti aris gansazRvrul teritoriul lokaciaSi moqceuli
eTnikuri jgufis, erTiani fuZe-enidan gamoyofili, individualuri
mxatvruli maxasiaTeblebiT aRWurvili xalxuri sacekvao Semoqmedeba,
romelic inarCunebs kavSirs erovnul fesvebTan.
dialeqtebad dayofa-Camoyalibebis procesi Soreul warsulSi
mimdinareobda. Sedegad, yovelma damoukidebelma dialeqtma gaaerTiana
rogorc zogadqarTuli eTnikuri niSnebi, aseve Camoayaliba sakuTriv
misi specifika da xasiaTi. enobrivi TvalsazrisiT dayofa-Camoyalibebis
procesis Sedegad, qarTuli ena daiSala qarTul, megrul-Wanur da
39
WaniSvili r., werilebi qoreografiaze, wigni pirveli, `Tani~, Tb., 2002, gv. 32.
40
ucxo sityvaTa leqsikoni; Seadgina m. WabaSvilma, `nakaduli~,Tb.. 1964, gv. 109.
41
`saqarTvelos macne~, Tb., 2011Ggv. 19
25
svanur enobriv dialeqtebad. musikaluri TvalsazrisiT, ki, rogorc
eTnomusikologebi aRniSnaven, am procesis masStabi SedarebiT mcirea da
ase Sors ar wasula.
rac Seexeba, qoreografias, arc aq wasula erTiani qoreoenis
dialeqtebad daSlis procesi ise Sors, rogorc sametyvelo enaSi, Tumca
sxvadasxva faqtorebis _ istoriuli Tu geografiuli, eTnikuri Tu
politikuri _ gavleniT, qarTul xalxur sacekvao xelovnebaSi sakmaod
feradovani intonaciuri gama Camoyalibda. Aase, magaliTad: aWaruli da
svanuri, raWuli da megruli, afxazuri da guruli, aRmosavleTis
mTianeTisa da aRmosavleTis baris, mesxuri da lazur-SavSuri sacekvao
dialeqtebi, miuxedavad imisa, rom isini erTiani fuZe-enis ganStoebebad
ganixilebian, dialeqturi maxasiaTeblebis kveTaze dayrdnobiT, sacekvao
leqsikisa da Sesrulebis xasiaTis gaTvaliswinebiT, sakmaod
gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisgan.
ra ganapirobebs dialeqtTa warmoqmnas? enaTmecnierebi da maTze
dayrdnobiT eTnomusikologebi dialeqtTa warmoqmnis sam ZiriTad mizezs
adgenen: 1) enobrivi, an musikaluri faqtori; 2) eTnikuri faqtori; 3)
istoriul-geografiuli, politikuri faqtori. Tavisuflad SegviZlia
qoreografiuli dialeqtebis warmoqmnis gansazRvrisas igive
kriteriumebi gamoviyenoT da ase CamovayaliboT: 1. sakuTriv
qoreografiuli faqtori, sacekvao leqsikis saxeobriobis Semcvelobis
gansazRvriT, 2. istoriul-geografiuli faqtori, 3. eTnikuri faqtori.
enobrivi faqtori _ kavkasiis teritoriulad mcire monakveTze
sxvadasxva enobrivi ojaxis arseboba fiqsirdeba. kavkasiaSi mcxovrebi
eTnosebi saubroben indoevropul, semitur, iberiul-kavkasiur did
enobriv ojaxebSi gaerTianebul enebze. kavkasia gamoirCeva dialeqturi
mravalferovnebiT. monaTesevi enebi, igivea, rac damoukidebel enebad
qceuli dialeqtebi. rodesac erTi enis dialeqtebi damoukidebel
monaTesave enebad Camoyalibda, Seiqmna monaTesave enaTa ojaxi. ojaxi
msxvili dajgufebaa. ojaxSi gamoiyofa SedarebiT mcire dajgufeba,
romelic SesaZlebelia TavisTavad kidev daiSalos Stoebad, Stoebic
iSlebian enebad, romlebic erTmaTTan met siaxloves gamoxataven. Tumca,
anTropologiurad da rasobrivad am enebze molaparake xalxi
erTmaneTs, SesaZlebelia, sulac ar enaTesavebodes. naTesaobas
26
gansazRvravs am enebze molaparake sazogadoebis istoriuli urTierToba.
Tu ukuprocess gavyvebiT mivaRwevT fuZeenas. saqarTvelos teritoriaze
arsebuli qarTuli, svanuri da zanuri (megrul-Wanuri) enebisTvis
fuZeenas qarTveluri ena warmoadgenda. qarTuli xalxuri sacekvao
dialeqtebis fuZe-enac xom qarTulia.
ram ganapiroba monaTesave enaTa Camoyalibeba da gaerTianeba erT
ojaxSi? ra aris is mizezebi, romlebic naTesaobas ganapirobeben?
ZiriTadi mizezi aris msgavseba leqsikur fondSi, gramatikul seqtorSi,
bgeriT SemadgenlobaSi. swored es faqtorebi ajgufeben da, aseve
ganasxvaveben maTgan gansxvavebuli warmoSobis enebs erTmaneTisgan.
dialeqtTa warmoSoba-ganviTarebis gzebisa da gramatikul-leqsikuri
mocemulobis Sedareba am procesis umTavresi meTodia. Sedarebisas
gamovlenili msgavseba an identur maxasiaTebelTa erToblioba,
naTesaobis mimaniSnebelia da, piriqiT, analogiebis nakleboba, maT Soris
gansxvavebis niSania. Sedarebisas ar unda vixelmZRvaneloT enis
Tanamedrove mdgomareobiT, aucilebelia mis warmoSobasa da
ganviTarebaze, istoriul urTierTobaze gadavitanoT aqcenti42.
imave meTodiT vxelmZRvanelobT sacekvao leqsikasTan mimarTebaSic,
amitomac mivmarTeT veqtori enaTmecnieruli faqtorisken. sametyvelo
enaSi sityvas axasiaTebs leqsikuri Sinaarsi, mxatvruli Sinaarsi da
forma. leqsikuri Sinaarsi sityvis azrobriv mniSvnelobas aRniSnavs,
aseve SegviZlia qoreografiul enaSi moZraobis mier gansazRvrul
Sinaarsze vimsjeloT, radgan moZraobaTa, pozaTa da mdgomareobaTa arsi
raRac gamokveTil Sinaarsze migvaniSnebs da ganpirobebuli mxatvruli
azris matarebelia. forma swored is aris, rac gramatikuli Sinaarsis
mniSvnelobasa da mxatvrul Sinaarss aerTianebs da mis vizualur saxes
warmoadgens. erTi SexedviT cekvaSi mTavari vizualuri aspeqtia, Tumca
es mxolod erTi SexedviT. umTavresi ki Sinaarsisa da formis erTianoba
da adeqvaturobaa, radgan Sinaarsisagan daclili moZraoba carielia da
arafrismTqmeli. Sinaarsisa da formis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxi
42
Yyovelive amis Sesaxeb ixileT: Ciqobava a., enaTmecnierebis Sesavali, stalinis
saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetisGgam-ba; 1952.
27
qoreografiaSi uaRresad mniSvnelovania, Tumca am Temis ganxilva
SemdegisTvis gadavdoT.
sainteresoa, ra niSnebiTa da maxasiaTeblebiT xelmZRvaneloben
musikismcodneebi, rodesac ama Tu im dialeqts ganixilaven. ra aris is
ZiriTadi principebi, romelTac isini umTavres mniSvnelobas aniWeben.
musikaluri dialeqtebis kvleva XIX saukunis meore naxevridan, d.
arayiSvilisgan momdinareobs. am TvalsazrisiT momdevno saukuneebSic,
qarTuli xalxuri musikis istoriaSi, mniSvnelovani Sromaa gaweuli.
musikaluri dialeqtebis dadgenisa da urTierTmimarTebis Tema Tavis
droze damuSavebuli aqvT g. CxikvaZes, v. gvaxarias, m. Jordanias, o.
CijavaZes, m. SilakaZes, i. JRents, e. garayaniZes, S. aslanisvils, e.
WoxoneliZes da sxva eTnomusikologebs.
musikaluri dialeqtologiis fuZemdebeli d. arayiSvili aRniSnavda:
,,vidre weras daviwyebdeT zogadad qarTuli xalxuri musikis Sesaxeb,
saWiroa calke SeviswavloT am tomis TiToeuli Sto, aRvniSnoT misi
Taviseburebani, avxsnaT isini da mxolod maSin, Tu ki es SesaZlebeli
aRmoCndeba, _ gamovitanoT zogadi daskvnebi~43. rogorc vxedavT, d.
arayiSvili dialeqtis mniSvnelobas sityva ,,Stos~ verbalur saxes
aniWebs, anu dialeqti es aris ganStoeba garkveuli Ziridan, rac misgan
gamozrdilsa da gamokveTils niSnavs. mkvlevari sagangebo mniSvnelobas
aniWebs TiToeuli dialeqtisa Tu misgan gamozrdili `Svilobilis~
Seswavlis process.
swored calkeuli dialeqtis skurpulozuri Seswavla, dazusteba-
dadgena, misi maxasiaTeblebis garkveuli kanonzomierebis
gaTvaliswinebiT gansazRvra-Camoyalibeba, damuSaveba, iZleva safuZvels
SemdgomSi dialeqtikuri urTierTmimarTebis sawarmoeblad. SerCeuli
gegmis mixedviT pirvel rigSi SeviswavleT, CamovayalibeT, ganvsazRvreT
TiToeuli sacekvao dialeqti, axalmoZiebuli istoriul-Teoriuli
informacia davamateT. Seswavlili nimuSebis Sedarebam mogvca saSualeba
dialeqturi urTierTmimarTebis sawarmoeblad, rac kvlevis ZiriTadi
mimarTulebis ganmsazRvreli veqtori gaxda.
43
amoRebulia e. garayaniZis naSromidan, qarTuli musikaluri dialeqtebi da maTi
urTierTmimarTeba, `saqarTvelos macne~, Tb., 2011 gv. 17
28
rogorc eTnomusikologebi aRniSnaven, musikaSi mas Semdeg, rac qarTul
musikalur dialeqtebSi kompleqsuri mravalxmianoba gavrcelda,
safuZveli eyreba musikaluri kulturis or wres _ aRmosavlursa da
dasavlurs. აm process gardamavali musikaluri dialeqtebis, anu
kiloebis gaCena mohyva.garda mkveTrad gamokveTili dialeqtebisa,
e.garayaniZe gamoyofs Sualedur dialeqts, ,,Sualeduri dialeqti
gulisxmobs iseT dialeqts, romelic Seicavs misgan orsave mxares
mdebare dialeqtebis niSnebis mniSvnelovan raodenobas da imavdroulad
xasiaTdeba individualuri, mxolod misTvis damaxasiaTebeli
TvisebebiTac(n, kalandaZe 1989,6)~44. musikalur folklorSi Sualedur
dialeqtebad aRmosavlur da dasavlur dialeqtebs Soris raWuli da
imeruli aris aRiarebuli, zogierTi mkvlevaris azriT ki am kategorias
dasavleT saqarTvelos mTisa da baris dialeqtebs Soris leCxumuric
ganekuTvneba.
ena, am SemTxvevaSi sacekvao ena, koleqtiuri Semoqmedebis nayofia
(produqtia), romelic vrceldeba da fexs ikidebs ufro did
teritoriaze. mas emateba gavrcelebul teritoriaze arsebuli avTenturi
kulturuli maxasiaTeblebi. sazogadoebis mexsiereba inaxavs sakuTar
mxatvrul saunjes da amave dros, gzas aZlevs garedan Semosul
kulturul Rirebulebebs. sinTezuri urTierTobis Sedegad yalibdeba
axali speqtri da iqmneba sinTezuri kulturuli fenomeni. es procesi
gansakuTrebiT momijnave, ganapira teritoriebisTvis aris arsebiTi.
dialeqtTa nairgvarobisa da maTi urTierTkavSiris gansazRvrisas
eTnikuri niSnebisa da geografiuli gavrcelebulobis mixedviT
klasifikaciasac mniSvnelovan rols vaniWebT. dasavleT saqarTveloSi
qarTvelebi, svanebi da zanebi (megrel-Wanebi) qmnian qarTveluri eTnosis
sam ZiriTad jgufs. qarTvelebis eTnikur jgufSi erTiandebian: imerlebi,
raWvelebi, leCxumlebi, gurulebi, aWarlebi, imerxevelebi, (SavSebi,
klarjebi-TurqeTis teritoriaze). zanebi aerTianeben or eTnikur
lokalur jgufs: megrelebsa da Wanebs(lazebs). svanuri eTnikuri jgufi
ki mxolod svanebs moicavs.
44
`saqarTvelos macne~, Tb., 2011Ggv. 100.
29
qarTuli qoreografiuli fuZe-ena, Tavis mxriv, saqarTvelos
eTnikuri mravalferovnebidan gamomdinare, imdenive dialeqtad
gamoisaxeba, ramdeni regionic arsebobs saqarTvelos teritoriaze.
qarTul qoreografiul xelovnebaSi SeiZleba gamoiyos: xevsuruli,
fSavuri,moxeuri, TuSuri, mTiuluri, qarTluri, kaxuri, mesxuri, raWuli,
afxazuri, svanuri, imeruli, guruli, aWaruli, megruli, lazur-SavSuri
da tao-klarjuli sacekvao dialeqtebi. aseve ganisazRvreba mTisa da
baris dialeqtTa Taviseburebebi.
sacekvao dialeqtebis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxis dadgenisas
eTnikuri parametrebi sacekvao leqsikis msazRvrelobis gaTvaliswinebiT,
geografiuli siaxlovis kanonzomierebiT isaxeba. mag.: lazur-SavSuri da
aWaruli erT dialeqtad erTiandebian; megruli da afxazuri, avTenturi
masalis safuZvelze, met siaxloves amJRavneben; raWuli da svanuri
sacekvao dialeqtebis gadakveTis xarisxi mniSvnelovnad maRalia
saferxulo nimuSebis TvalsazrisiT; eTnikuri niSniT gamoxatuli
dajgufeba ki, raWuli da aRmosavleT saqarTvelos sacekvao leqsikaSi
metad gamoixata, rasac Zvel droSi momxdari istoriuli peripetia
daedo safuZvlad.
amrigad, qoreografiul dialeqtologiaSi zogad-Teoriuli
maxasiaTeblebis gansazRvris Semdeg, SesaZlebelia calkeuli sacekvao
dialeqtis ganxilva, maTi ZiriTadi eTnoqoreologiuri aspeqtebis
gaTvaliswinebiT.
30
Tavi II _ dasavleT saqarTvelos sacekvao dialeqtebi
(aWaruli, lazur-SavSuri, megruli, afxazuri, raWuli)
saqarTvelos dasavleTi nawili gansakuTrebuli dialeqturi
mravalferovnebiT xasiaTdeba. maT Soris, dasavleT saqarTvelos
sacekvao dialeqtebis simravle erT-erTi TvalsaCino magaliTia eTno-
kulturuli mravalferovnebis. am teritoriaze mcxovrebi sxvadasxva
eTnikuri jgufis folkloruli Semoqmedeba maTi TviTmyofadobisa
daeTnikuri identobis niSan-simboloTa matarebelia.winamdebare naSromSi
dasavleT saqarTvelos sacekvao dialeqtebi warmodgenilia ara sruli
CamonaTvaliT, aramed ramdenime regionis sacekvao folkloris
safuZvelze _ aWaruli, lazur-SavSuri, megruli, afxazuri, raWuli
sacekvao dialeqtebi.
aWaruli sacekvao dialeqti
(istoriografiuli wyaroebi)
aWarul folklorul Semoqmedebaze mniSvnelovani zegavlena
moaxdina imistoriulma peripetiebma, romelic saukuneebis manZilze am
regionma ganicada. istoriul-geografiuli TvalsazrisiT saqarTvelos
samxreT-dasavleTis nawili dokumentur wyaroebSi moxsenebulia rogorc
aWaris xeoba da orad aris gayofili: zemo aWara _ regionuli centriT
xulo da qvemo aWara _ regionuli centriT _ qeda. mis Suawels ki
Suaxevi erqva. XIII saukunemde aWara erTiani saqarTvelos Semadgeneli
nawilia, Semdgom samcxe-saaTabagos mflobelobaSi gaerTianda, xolo
XVI saukunis meore naxevarSi igi osmaleTma daipyro da mxolod 1877-1878
wlebis ruseT-TurqeTis omis Semdgom gaxda misi gaTavisufleba
SesaZlebeli. amgvarad cvalebadma istoriul-politikurma garemom
xalxur Semoqmedebas gansakuTrebuli elferi SesZina.
aWaruli sacekvao xelovnebis mravalferovneba swored im
sanaxaobebma da wes-tradiciebma gansazRvra, romelec xalxis mexsierebam
Semoinaxa da romelicuZvelesi qarTuli kvalisa da erTiani eTnikuri
sivrcis arsebobas cxadyofs. aWaruli sacekvao folkloris qvemoT
ganxiluli nimuSebi swored amis udavo dadasturebad mesaxeba.
aWaraSi, wlebis ganmavlobaSi, samecniero-saeqspedicio muSaobis
Sedegad, moculobiTi masala dagrovda, maT Soris, unikaluri istoriuli
31
Tu eTnografiuli cnobebi, romlebic qoreologiuri TvalsazrisiTac
uaRresad mniSvnelovan informacias gvawvdian.
ganvixiloT am cnobebSi daculi ritualuri sanaxaobebis
qoreografiuli elementebis funqciur-Sinaarsobrivi aspeqtebi.
SuamToba. ,,xalxuri dResaswauli SuamToba gavrcelebulia zemo aWaraSi
(xulosa da Suaxevis raionebSi). zogierT xeobaSi mas memxlianobas
(menxlianobas, merxlianobas...) an seirans uwodeben~45. igiivlisis bolos,
agvistos pirvel ricxvebSi, imarTeboda. memxlianebs Tan mihyvebodnen
meWiboneebi, medoleebi. SuamTobaze wamsvlelebs Tan mihqondaT
instrumentebi: doli, sazi, garmoni, Wiboni, fanduri, Conguri, qamanCa.
,,SuamTobis dResaswaulze specialurad iwvevdnen xalxuri musikaluri
xelovnebisa da qoreografiul sanaxaobaTa ostatebs, momReral-
moSaireebs, profesional mTqmel-Semsruleblebs, romelTa codna-
gamocdilebaze didad iyo damokidebuli dResaswaulis sazeimo
ganwyobileba. musikaluri xelovnebis ostatTa Soris gansakuTrebuli
adgili eWiraT meWiboneebs~46.
droTa ganmavlobaSi SuamTobam dakarga religiur-ritualuri
xasiaTi, magram SemorCenili wes-Cveulebebi (saferxulo cekvebi,
gankurnebisa da ganayofierebis mizniT tbaSi banaoba da sxv.) amis
dadasturebad SeiZleba miviCnioT. SuamTobaze icodnen lazaroba,
fadiko-qoCeguri, aqlemis შekazmva, zirikobia...SuamTobas ferxulobasac
uwodebdnen sanaxaobaSi ferxulebis mravalferovnebidan gamomdinare,
asrulebdnen cekvebs: `xorums~, ò, hoi, nanas~, `yolsamas~, `qoCegurs~,
`qurTbarsa~ da sxv.
SuamTobis wes-Cveuleba ara mxolod mkafiod gansazRvrul
sameurneo saqmianobas, mxatvrul-esTetiur da ritualur mxaresac
moicavda.Llocva-vedrebis ritualebTan erTad, xatoba-dReobebze
sruldeboda saferxulo simRerebi, ,,romelTac xatobis monawileni
gundurad an pirovnulad asrulebdnen. Ees leqsebi umTavresad
saferxisoni arian. maTi Sesruleba masobriv scenas warmoadgens mTis
45
Tandilava z, SuamTobis tradiciebi da folklori,`mecniereba~, Tb., 1980, gv. 6.
46
iqve: gv. 20.
32
ferdobze an gaSlil mdeloze…ferxuli xatobis nawilia da masSi yvela
mamakaci iRebs monawileobas~47.
SuamTobaze dadasturebulia qurTi eTnosis monawileobac (aWaraSi
qurTTa eTnosic binadrobda), rac dResaswauls gansakuTrebul elfers
sZenda: qurTi qalebis `saferxulo cekvebSi, gansakuTrebiT qurTbarSi
maTi monawileoba axalisebda da eqstazSi Sehyavda mocekvaveTa mTeli
ansambli~48. bari igivea rac ferxuli, qurTbari _ qurTferxuli anu
qurTebis ferxuli.
ZeobasTan dakavSirebuli sacekvaoebi. aWaris rogorc mTis, aseve baris
nawilebSi, icodnen Zeobis ritualis Catareba. aq mas ,,Ziobis~ saxeliT
icnobdnen. am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT saintereso informacias gvawvdis
mkvlevari al. msxalaZe. ,,Zeobis aucilebeli elementi iyo cekva-simRera.
saerTod, aWaruli Zeobis ritualurmxareSi ZiriTadad qalebi
monawileobdnen. rac Seexeba, cekva-simReras da masTan dakavSirebul
zogierT Cveulebas, aq qalTa da mamakacTa roli SedarebiT Tanabari
iyo~49da iqve aRniSnavs, rom Zeobis saferxulo mamakacTa
SemadgenlobiTac icodnen.
al. msxalaZe ZeobasTan dakavSirebul ritualur qmedebebs, mis
Semadgenel saleqso, sasimRero da sacekvao segmentebs, zogadqarTul
mxatvrul sivrceSi ganixilavs, miuxedavad aWaris nawilobriv
gansxvavebuli religiuri kuTvnilebisa, ramac ZirZveli tradiciebisa da
Cveulebebis saxecvla da, zog SemTxvevaSi, gaqrobac ki gamoiwvia. Tumca,
aq uZvelesi qarTuli tradicia mTeli sisruliT saxezea _ ZeobasTan
dakavSirebuli ritualuri qmedeba-sanaxaobebis Catareba saqarTvelos
yvela kuTxeSi icodnen. paraleli SegviZlia ,,samaiasTan~ gavavloT,
romelic aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi mamakacebis SesrulebiTac
fiqsirdeba.
mecnieri, qoreografiuli TvalsazrisiT, ferxulis uaRresad
saintereso aRwerilobas gvaZlevs, rac ase iSviaTia araeTnoqoreolog
mkvlevarTa mxridan:,,ferxuli wriulia da monawileTa raodenoba _
47
iqve: gv. 49.
48iqve: gv. 25.
49
msxalaZe al.,aWaris saojaxo-sawesCveulebo poezia, sabW. aWara, baTumi, 1969, gv. 28.
33
ganusazRvreli. mamakacebi mklavebs erTmaneTs mxrebSi CasWideben, xolo
qalebi ubralod xelebs mohkidebdnen erTmaneTs da marjvniv moZraoben.
fexebis moZraoba Zalian martivia da Semdegnairad sruldeba: jer
marjvena fexs gadadgamen gverdze da odnav win, Semdeg ki marcxena fexs
miadgamen marjvenas, rac ferxulis erT taqtSi Tavsdeba.amave moZraobas
imeoreben sapirispiro mimarTulebiT. Aase, rom ferxulis erT muxlSi
marjvniv da marcxniv or-ori aseTi moZraoba sruldeba. radgan marjvena
fexis nabiji SedarebiT farToa, amitom wre erT adgilze ar Cerdeba da
ganuwyvetliv marjvniv moZraobs. mamakacTa ferxuli daskvniT nawilSi
sakmaod Cqardeba. SeiZleba maT SedarebiT rTuli ileTebic gamoiyenon~50.
aRwerili ferxulis konkretuli saxelwodeba ucnobia da SeiZleba mas,
zogadad,mamakacTa SesrulebiT saZeobo ferxuli vuwodoT.
A ZeobasTan dakavSirebuli aWaruli folkloruli nimuSebidan
sayuradReboa ,,nai-nai, ninaina~ _ Zveli saferxulo simRera qalTa
SesruleiT. Zeobas aWaraSi akvanSi pirveli Cawvenis dros marTavdnen
xolme. amitom, ,,nanas~ ciklis leqsis gamoyeneba saZeobo ferxulSi,
srulebiTac ar unda CaiTvalos SemTxveviT movlenad. ,,adre mravali
akvnis simRera saZeod yofila gamoyenebuli~51. al. msxalaZis Sefaseba
saZeobo da akvnis simRerebis funqciuri mniSvnelobis gaerTianebis
Sesaxeb sruliad misaRebia. igive iTqmis mTel ferxulze, radgan simRera
saferxulo sinkretizmis erT-erTi mTavari rgolia cekvasTan erTad.
ès akvani xaratuli,
Sig biWia Caxatuli~52 da a.S.
aqlemis Sekazmva. xis joxebisgan akeTebdnen aqlems, romelsac Tan axlda
mocekvaveTa da medole-meWiboneTa jgufi (maT Soris `qoCaxelac~).
,,aqlemis Sekazmva~ saqarTvelos sxva kuTxeebSic icodnen, xolo raWaSi
gavrcelebul ,,cxenkacobasTan~ paralelis gavlebis saSualebas
gvaZlevs.
ìoane bagrationis cnobiT, `cxenkacobisa~ da àqlemkacobis~
TamaSoba me-18 saukuneSic scodniaT saqarTvelosa da somxeTSi~53.
àqlemkacoba,~ `cxenkacoba~ da àqlemis Sekazmva~ TiTqmis analogiuri
50
iqve: gv. 28.
51
iqve: gv. 32.
52
iqve: gv. 32.
53
Tandilava z, SuamTobis tradiciebi da folklori, „mecniereba~, Tb., 1980,gv. 38.
34
struqturis mqone sanaxaobebia da `berikaoba-yeenobis~ erT-erT nawilad
ganixileba, maTi funqciur-Sinaarsobrivi aspeqtebic msgavsia da uZveles
agrarul dResaswauls ukavSirdeba.
saqorwilo repertuari. aWaraSi qorwilis ritualma ufro metad, vidre
samgloviarom, SeinarCuna ZirZvel aWarulTan siaxlove. saferxulo,
,,patarZlis gamoTxoveba mSoblebTan~,imarTeboda mamiseul saxlSi,
mxolod axloblebis garemocvaSi: ,,ferxulis dros axalgazrda qalebs
pirbadeCamofarebuli, acremlebuli sapatarZlo wris SuaSi hyavT
Cayenebuli, nel-nela wres uvlian da leqsebs umRerian.
_mai abreSumis sakabe vin mogitana?
_ Cemma aRam, sayvarelma, man momitana54~ da a.S.
aWarul qorwilSi sufrul da mayrul simRerebs Tan axlda
`gadaxveva~ anu`gadaqceva~. egreTwodebuli gadaxveva-gadaqcevaTa ritmi
sacekvao iyo da instrumentuli akompanementis gareSe sruldeboda taSis
TanxlebiT. rogorc Cans, mosaxerxebeli ar yofila amgvari Sesruleba
da gadaxvevas mxolod gansakuTrebul SemTxvevebSi mimarTavdnen:
`gadaxveva~ yovelTvis ar sruldeboda da qorwilebSi mas iseT
SemTxvevaSi mimarTavdnen, roca memusikeni ar eyolebodaT. mTqmelTa
cnobiT, cekva saerTod instrumentul musikaze gacilebiT mosaxerxebeli
iyo, vidre aseTi `gadaxvevebis~ SemTxvevaSi. mxedvelobaSi is faqtic unda
miviRoT, rom cekva zogjer saaTobiT grZeldeboda da am xnis
ganmavlobaSi simRera da taSis cema fizikuradac mouxerxebeli iyo~55.
gadaxvevebis, anu gadaqcevebis Sesrulebas gansazRvruli dro da
adgili gaaCnda. rodesac mayari patarZaliTurT sasiZos ojaxSi fexs
Sedgamda da `mayruls~ daasrulebda, gadaqcevac maSin sruldeboda,
SesaZloa cekvaSi siZesac mieRo monawileoba: „aWaris mTian raionebSi
mayrulis „gadaxvevebi~ ver davadastureT. rac Seexeba qedisa da baTumis
raionebs, aq maTi arseboba mayrulis dasasruls uTuoa. roca sasiZos
ojaxSi sapatarZlos miiyvandnen da mayruls daamTavrebdnen, iqve wres
Sekravdnen da cekva gaCaRdeboda. iSviaTi ar iyo cekvaSi sasiZos
CaTrevac~56.
54
msxalaZe al., aWaris saojaxo-sawesCveulebo poezia, sabW. aWara, baTumi, 1969, gv. 61.
55
iqve: gv. 82.
56
iqve: gv. 83.
35
mkvlevari al. msxalaZe zemoTmoyvanil amonaridSi ambobs, rom
aWaris mTian raionebSi ar dasturdeba `gadaxvevebi~, Tumca qvemoT
aRniSnavs „zemo aWaraSi `gadaxveva//gadaqceva~ aucilebeli iyo sufrul
simRerebSi~57 da ganasxvavebs erTmaneTisagan, adarebs ra, sxvadasxva
sofelSi Caweril gadaxveva-gadaqcevaTa variantebs: `magram es
,,gadaqcevebi~ uaxloes xeobebSic ki erTmaneTisagan gansxvavdeboda
formiT da gansakuTrebiT ritmiT. Cvens mier xixaZirSi Cawerili `Zveli
maspinZluris~ `gadaqceva~ oTxi taqtisagan Sedgeba da rac mTavaria,
Tavisi samwiladi zomiT cnobil `gandaganas~ mogvagonebs. mariTis
xeobis sof. oladaurSi Cawerili ìevris~ gadaqceva ki ufro martivia:
sul ori taqtisagan Sedgeba da oTxwilad zomas emyareba, riTac
qarTuli `saTamaSo-sacekvaoebis~ ritms emsgavseba~58.
aWaraSi sacekvaos `sacekurs~ uwodeben. `sacekuri~ ki, rogorc al.
msxalaZe ganmartavs, òri-meoTxedi grZliobis oTxtaqtian sasimRero-
sacekvaos warmoadgens~59. `sacekuris~ Sesaxeb aRwerilobidan Cans, rom
igi friad dinamiuri, mravalferovani unda yofiliyo, Tumca,
konkretulad, sacekvao leqsikis Sesaxeb mkvlevari arafers ambobs da
iqve agrZelebs: `qorwilSi iyo `sacekuri~ _ simReraze iyo cekva.
simReraSi iyo yivili da banebi, yveboda taSi, saWiro iyo Selaparikebac.
igi CaerTvoda wrilisaebr, mara wrili ar iyo. raxan bani aris, Tavi
aris, amitom wrils vuZaxdiT~.
`sacekuris~ nairsaxeoba qedis raionSi iyo „hainani~, romlis Sesaxeb
iusuf beJaniZe gadmogvcems: ,,iyo kidev sacekvari, hainanis etyodnen. am
simReras Tavi undoda da bani, wrili ar undoda. mara simReras undoda
Selaparikeba. erTi vinme Sulaparikebda da simReras uxdeboda. Ees
Selaparikeba wrils ar gavda, ufro Tavs gavda~60.
Mmecnieris mier Sekrebili masala gvaZlevs aseTi daskvnis gamotanis
saSualebas: qorwilSi, mayrulebisa da sufrulebis Semdgom icodnen
`gadaqceva~ igive `gadaxveva~, romelic `gandaganas~ Camohgavda. Ggadaqceva
aseve `sacekurs~ hgavda, sacekuri ki Tavad `qarTul sacekvao-saTamaSos~
ritms imeorebda. marTlac, yolsamas gadaxvevebi erTmaneTisagan sruliad
57
iqve: gv. 83.
58
iqve: gv. 83.
59
iqve: gv. 85.
60
iqve: gv. 85.
36
sxvadasxva riTmSi sruldeba da tradiciuli aWaruli sacekvao
leqsikisgan gansxvavdeba. veTanxmebi al. msxalaZes, rodesac is ambobs,
rom gadaxveva Cveulebrividan, tradiciulidan gadaxvevas unda
gulisxmobdes da ara SemsrulebelTa gadaxveul xelebs. gansakuTrebul
yuradRebas iqcevs `yolsamas~ gadaxvevis is varianti, sadac rTula
svliT davla da Cakvrebia gamoyenebuli, rac aWaruli sacekvao
dialeqtisTvis ar aris damaxasiaTebeli.
qorwilSi mTavari instrumenti Wiboni iyo. Wibonze ZiriTadad
sacekvao musika sruldeboda. Wibonze SemsrulebelTagan yvelaze
saxelganTqmuli `qoCaxela~ (ehedem surmaniZe) gaxldaT. qorwili mTeli
Rame grZeldeboda da sxvadasxvagvari sanaxaobiTi mravalferovnebiT
xasiaTdeboda, imarTeboda Sejibri simRerasa da cekvaSi, SairobaSi,
Widaobasa da sxva TamaSobebSi.
saqorwilo repertuari aWaraSi sakmaod mravalferovania, Tumca,
STabeWdileba, gvrCeba, rom sacekvaoTa ZiriTadi nawili sruldeboda
rogorc qorwilSi, aseve, SuamTobisas, nadSi da sxv. amis dasturad
Tavad `qoCaxelas~ sityvebi SegviZlia moviyvanoT: „erT qorwilSi sado
xalvaSis xoromi rom davukari, sadom jer icekva, Semdeg movida, mkerdSi
Camikra da RimiliT miTxra: _ ,,aferum, edehem, es Senia, vinmesgan ar
gisesxia, arc gadmogiRia. Aase Cqari xoromi jer vinmesgan ar msmeniao~61.
instrumentebis akompanimentze qorwilSi sruldeboda Semdegi
cekvebi: `yolsama, qoCeguri, Tofaloini, ferxuli, sama (,,martuaÁ
icekvebda erTi kaci~), Semosarebi (qobuleTis raionSi ,,Camosarebs~
uwodebdnen), `baRdaduri~, `Samili~, `Salaxo~, `yarSiberi~, ùzundere~,
`lazxoromi~, `qurTxoromi~ da rac mTavaria, Zveli qarTuli meomruli
cekva `xorumi~, romelic iusuf beJaniZis cnobiT ,,qorwilSi saboloo
cekva iyo~62.
vokaluri musikis akompanimentze sruldeboda: `cekva `mayrulisa~
da „sufrulis~ „gadaxvevis~ dros, „sacekuri: (`hainani~ qedis raionSi)
„nani da nanai~,ò, hoi, nana~, CamoTvlil sacekvaoTagan yvela saqorwilo
61
gorgaZe r, qoCaxela,`sabWoTa aWara~, baTumi, 1986, gv. 9.
62
37
ar aris. magram zogierTi maTgani mtkiced daukavSirda saqorwilo
rituals da isini upiratesad mxolod qorwilSi sruldeboda~63.
fadiko-qoCeguri.F qorwilis dros icodnen aseve `faTiko//fadiko~
saxioba, romelic aWaraSi saqorwilo repertuars mogvianebiT
daukavSirda. aWaraSi qorwili da `SuamToba~ ise ar Caivlida, rom
`fadiko-qoCeguri~ ar gaemarTaT. `fadiko~ da `qoCeguri~ erTi da igive
semantikuri arsis matarebeli saxelwodebebia da qalis Tavsaburavs
aRniSnavs. fadiko `fatedan~ anu `fatadan~ momdinareobs, qoCegic
Tavsafars niSnavs. `fadiko-qoCeguris~ gamarTva umetesad mTian aWaraSi
icodnen: `cekva qoCeguri iyo. kacs kazmavdnen qalis formaSi. EerTi kaci
eTamaSeboda magas, siyvaruls TamaSobdnen, magra acinebdnen xalxs. Kkaci
qalad Cacmulze ityoda: Cemi fateao. Mmageni TamaSobdnen yolsamas. Kkaci
TviTon koWli ar iyo, mara ise iqceoda, rom koWlad gamodioda, qals
Tavs awonebda~64.
Aal. msxalaZis mixedviT pirvel cnobebs aWaruli berikaobis Sesaxeb
vpoulobT eqim e. eriksonis wignSi `Опыт санитарного обзора окрестностей
Батума~. Tumca, rogorc Cans, eriksonma realurad ver Seafasa sanaxaoba
da misi mxolod zedapiruli saxe dainaxa: èriksoni aWaraSi, kerZod
qedis raionSi, SemCneul `qalad gadacmuli mamakacebis cekvas cud
Cveulebas uwodebs. Tumca erT adgilas aRiarebs, rom es cekva
simboluri xasiaTisaao. Mmagram Cveulebis arss ver Cawvdomia da masSi
upiratesad pornografiul elementebs xedavs~65.msgavsi sanaxaoba
lazeTsa da SavSeTSic imarTeboda.
`sufris Semdeg imarTeboda `fadiko~: ityodnen _ àxla faTiko
movrToT, biWebo~. kacs Caacmevdnen kabas, axalgazrdas, balani ar unda
qoneboda pirze. Tavze eqneboda TavSali. erTi Wirdeboda qurTi,
muqurTevda. Ees qurTi viTom Txovnilobda. (ratom Cans qurTis
personaJi, rodindelia da ras unda gulisxmobdes? savaraudod,
qurTuli eTnosis aborigenulTan mWidro integrirebaze unda
mianiSnebdes-x.d.) ecva Zveli uruba (tanisamosi), Tavze qeCa exura,
wowolaÁ, xelSi joxebi eqneboda. vinmes rom faTikosTvis glaxa eTqva,
63
iqve: gv. 91.
64
iqve: gv. 93.
65
iqve: gv. 93.
38
daartyamda. simRera iqneboda `naninadananaÁ~. Tu iqneboda Wiboni da
davli, maSin simRera ar undoda~66. istrumentuli musikis gamoyenebisas
`yolsamas~ melodia an misi variantebi sruldeboda, xolo xalxuri
vokaluri nimuSebiT akompanirebisas „nanida-nanas’’ (qedaSi) da ,,o Á da
nanis~ (maWaxelaSi), romlebic samwiladi samxmiani simRerebia,
asrulebdnen.
Aal. inaiSvili, gr. CxikvaZe da j. noRaideli `fadikos~
warmomavlobas uZveles droSi xedaven: `rac Seexeba `fadikos~ („faTiko~),
igi namdvilad sawesCveulebo daniSnulebisaa da warmoadgens
,,berikaobasTan~ dakavSirebul, saqarTvelos sxva kuTxeebSi
gavrcelebul, uZveles, am xasiaTis cekvebis erT-erT saxes, romelic
dionisesa da demetres kultTan dakavSirebul TamaSobasac waagavs~67.
`fadiko~ gansakuTrebul msgavsebas lazeTSi SemorCenil
`berobanasTan~ amJRavnebs da SuamTobisas gamarTuli mariobis
dResaswaulis analogiuria. aWaraSi icodnen aseve `qaluri~, misi
saxelwodeba mamakacis mie qalis rolis Sesrulebidan gamomdinareobs
da komikurobiT xasiaTdeba. savaraudod, es saxiobac `fadikos~ identuri
unda yofiliyo.
z. Tandilavas azriT ,,fadikos~ anu `qalurad Cacmuli mamakacis
cekvis formalur-Sinaarsobrivi detalebi damaxasiaTebelia agreTve
yolsamas, qoCegurisa da ohoÁ nanasaTvis, romlebic xalxuri gagebiT,
ara marto urTierTmsgavsi, aramed sxvadasxva saxelwodebis, magram
SinaarsiT da formiT erTmaneTTan metad axlo mdgomi cekva-TamaSobebia.
isicaa sagulisxmo, rom fadiko-qoCeguri, yolsama Tu jaydanana, qaluri
Tu e.w. zegnuri da zogjer ohoÁ nanac ki, xalxSi gandaganas adrindel
saxeobebad aris miCneuli~.68 Qqoreograf enver xabaZisa da mocekvave
Teimuraz melaZis azriT `yolsama~, `jaydanana~ da kidev ramdenime cekva,
cekvebi ki ar iyo, aramed moZraobaTa saxelebi.
enver xabaZe dawvrilebiT yveba mis mier dadgmuli cekvebis Seqmnis
istoriasa da yuradRebas amaxvilebs im winapirobaze, romelic
qoreografiuli nawarmoebebis Seqmnas uZRoda win: ,,davdiodi
66
iqve: gv. 94.
67
folkloridan, saq. ssr. Mmecn. akad. gamomc., Tb., 1961, gv. 5
68
Tandilava z., SuamTobis tradiciebi da folklori, `mecniereba~, Tb., 1980, gv. 31.
39
,,SuamTobaze~ Tu sxva saxalxo zeimebze da erTmaneTs vadarebdi
ileTebs, moZraobebs. ,,disyirme~ _ muxlis texva, ,,Tofalioni~ _ koWebis
cekva, ,,yolsama~ _ mklavebis cekva, ,,mxaruli~, ,,Sextomilai~, ,,tutuli
nanai,~ ,,yarSiberi~ _ pirdapir mdgomi qalebis cekva. es yvelaferi erTi
saerTo cekvis ileTebi iyo, sul ufro da ufro vrwmundebi amaSi, magram
ratom hqvia sul sxvadasxva saxelebi?_es fiqri ar maZlevda mosvenebas
da gasaqans. Bbolos da bolos didi fiqris Semdeg am saidumlosac
Cavwvdi. aRmoCnda, rom yovel mocekvaves Tavisi sayvareli, rom ityvian,
Tavisi safirmo, gamorCeuli ileTi hqonda da imas asrulebda, rom
ileTebis Cveneba-gamomzeurebaSi ejibreboda sxva mocekvaveebs. cekvis
yvela es saxelwodebac Turqul Tu qarTulZiriani, mxolodRa ileTebis
dasaxeleba gaxldaT da ara calke cekva~69. viziareb qoreografis azrs,
magram vitoveb uflebas gamoTqmuli mosazreba piriqiTac warmovidgino
_ SesaZlebelia swored moZraobaTa specifikurobidan gamomdinare ewoda
am cekvebs Sesabamisi saxelwodebebi da Camoyalibdnen damoukidebel
sacekvao nawarmoebebad, Tumca maTi ZiriTadi nawili droTa
ganmavlobaSi daikarga an transformirda da SemorCa mxolod calkeuli
moZraobebis saxiT.
enver xabaZis swori damokidebuleba aWaruli sacekvao folkloris
mimarT da zedmiwevniT kvalificiuri floba, rogorc misi istoriis,
aseve sacekvao leqsikis, iqca mTavar ganmapirobebel faqtorad cekva
`gandaganas~ im saxiT damkvidrebisTvis, ra saxiTac dRes arsebobs yvela
sacekvao ansamblis repertuarSi: `yvela zemoT CamoTvlili ileTi,
saerTo cekva, sakmaod gasvril-dabinZurebuli gaxldaT ucxo, Cveni
xalxisaTvis tradiciulad SeuTavsebeli da ucxo moZraobebiT, eseni ki
imdeni gaxldaT am cekvaSi, rom bevri mas saerTod ar Tvlida qarTul
cekvad da ucxouri egona~70. amitom, daiwminda, kristalizirda da miiRo
qarTuli dialeqtis sacekvao leqsikiT gajerebuli mxatvruli tilos
saxe.
davubrundeT isev `fadikos~. `fadikos~ gansaxierebisas
gansakuTrebulad aqcentirebuli monawileTa mier sasiyvarulo,
ganayofierebis Tema aRiniSneba, rac mis uZveles warmoSobaze
69
komaxiZe T., aWaraSi qarTuli sacekvao folkloris ganviTarebis istoria, àWara~,
baTumi; 2001, gv. 26.
70
iqve: gv. 26.
40
migviTiTebs: ,,faTikos~ monawileebi (10-12 kaci) Tavsa da tans
Seiburavdnen saqonlis tyavebiT, qamarze Camoikidebdnen joxs (falosis
simbolo), aRiWurvebodnen xis xanjlebiT da Sekravdnen wres..… SuaSi
Caiyenebdnen qalad gadacmul mamakacs, romelic mis garSemo myofi
arcerTi mocekvavis mimarT ar iCenda gansakuTrebul interess. masTan xan
erTi mamakaci cekvavda, xan meore da a.S. mocekvave mamakacebi cdilobdnen
falosi ,,waekveTaT~ ,,qalTan mocekvavesaTvis~. yvelaferi es Taviseburi
sacekvao ileTebiT sruldeboda, rokvas ufro waagavda da zogjer
TavaSvebul orgiamde adioda~71.
,,fadiko-qoCeguris~ analizis dros gansakuTrebul yuradRebas
iqcevs sanaxaobis dros Sesrulebuli scenebi, romlebSic ganayofierebis
kultis simboluri elementebia mocemuli da ukidures erotul xasiaTs
atareben. Y`yovelive es imdenad uZvelesi da Sesisxlxorcebuli iyo
xalxis yofasTan, rom aseT scenebs meqorwile qalebic ar eridebodnen
da uyurebdnen sanaxaobas~72. sxvadasxva avtoris mier dafiqsirebuli
sakmaod mravalricxovani aRwerilobebidan naTlad Cans, rom ,,fadiko-
qoCeguris~ warmoSoba ganayofierebis kults ukavSirdeba. gayofiereba-
Svilierebis kultis es uZvelesi sanaxaoba droTa ganmavlobaSi
transformirda, dakarga Tavisi pirvandeli ritualuri xasiaTi, da
sxvadasxva Teatralizebuli sanaxaobis nawilad iqca, igi gaCnda nadsa
da qorwilSic, radgan es ori ukanasknelic Tavisi arsiT gamravlebasTan
asocirdeba. miuxedavad imisa, rom sinkretizmis Semadgenel ramdenime
komponents Seicavs, metyvelebis ararsebobis gamo, al. msxalaZe
`fadikos~ xalxuri dramis srulyofil nimuSad ar Tvlis73.
xertlis nadi. àWaris maRalmTiani raionebisaTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli
da koleqtiuri Sromis amsaxvel qalTa masobriv cekvadaa miCneuli. igi
sruldeba simReris TanxlebiT~ _ aseT ganmartebas vkiTxulobT T.
komaxiZis wignSi ,,aWaraSi qarTuli sacekvao folkloris ganviTarebis
istoria~74. Tumca, aqve unda aRvniSnoT, rom xertlis nadi cekvis
saxelwodeba ar aris. cekva Zafis rTvas _ sasoflo-sameurneo process
71
Tandilava z, SuamTobis tradiciebi da folklori, `mecniereba~, Tb., 1980, gv. 28
72
73
iqve: gv. 98.
74
komaxiZe T., aWaraSi qarTuli sacekvao folkloris ganviTarebis istoria , àWara~,
baTumi; 2001, gv. 309.
41
gamoxatavs da aqedan gamomdinare ewoda mas `xertlis nadi~. samuSao
procesis Sesamsubuqeblad nadSi sxvadasxva saxis sanaxaoba imarTeboda
ara mxolod cekvis, aramed simReris, gaSairebis, Sejibris saxiTac.
amitomac, nadSi mosawvevi mezoblebi sagangebod iyvnen SerCeuli.
`xertlis nadi~ sruldeboda simReris TanxlebiT:
oi-nani da nana-a,xertalma xeli damRala,
oi nani da nanaa, xertal gasatexelmao~75da sxv.
`qalebi cekvaSi mamakacebsac baZavdnen da cekvis eSxSi Sesulni, qalTa
`xorumsac~ Camouvlidnen~76. aqedan gamomdinare `xertlis nadi~ gamoisaxa
rogorc damoukidebeli cekva, aseve kompleqsuri sanaxaoba, sadac sxva
cekvebi, mag. qalTa `xorumi~ sruldeboda.
xorumi. aWaraSi, gunduri, masobrivi cekvis aRmniSvnel terminTa Soris
gvxvdeba xoroni (xorumi) an bari, mag.: ,,qurTbari~, ,,lazxoroni~ da a.S.
termini _ bari _ SedarebiT Zunwad Cans. am termins avTandil TaTaraZe
ase ganmartavs:àWaruli saferxulo wyobis cekva-TamaSi, romelSic
monawileoban mxolod mamakacebi.
`barSi~ monawile mamakacebi xelixelCakidebulebi ewyobian erT
mwkrivSi. mwkrivis TavSi mdgoms (meTaurs) xelSi joxi uWiravs. cekva-
TamaSis yvela monawile moZraobs da usityvod asrulebs (imeorebs) im
sacekvao ileTebs, rasac sTavazobs meTauri. Tu romelime maTganma
Seagviana an SecdomiT Seasrula meTauris mier nakarnaxevi moZraoba,
joxis dakvriT isjeba. amitom yvela yuradRebiT Sescqeris meTaurs da
cdilobs droulad Seasrulos mis mier SemoTavazebuli ileTi (svla,
sirbili, Cakvra, Camuxvla, buqni da sxva nebismieri moZraoba).
aRwerili cekva-TamaSi `bari~-is saxelwodebiT ZiriTadad xulos
raionSi gvxvdeba. xixaZirSi mas òhoi nanos~ eZaxian, mesxeTSi `laloins~.
`bari~ xSirad qorwilebSi sruldeboda miZinebuli mayrionis
gamosafxizleblad~77.
ver daveTanxmebiT avTandil TaTaraZes, rodesac is ambobs, rom
barSi mxolod mamakacebi monawileoben, radgan arsebobda barebi,
romelTaTvisac Sereuli Semadgenloba iyo damaxasiaTebeli. aWareli
75
jijeiSvili al., aWaruli sacekvao folklori da misi mesveurebi, àWara~, baTumi, 1995,
gv. 42.
76
iqve: gv. 42.
77
TaTaraZe a., qarTul cekvaTa ganmartebani, `ganaTleba~, Tb., 1986, gv. 5.
42
istorikosebis informaciiT baris zogierT saxeobaSi, mag. `qurTbarSi~,
qalebic iRebdnen monawileobas da mamakacebTan erTad Cabmulni iyvnen
ferxulSi78. a. TaTaraZis aRweriloba faqtobrivad aWara-SavSeT-lazeTSi
SemorCenil ferxisuli tipis qmedebas asaxavs. aqedan gamomdinare,sworad
ar migvaCnia baris, rogorc zogadi terminis konkretizeba da romelime
saferxulo nimuSisTvis saxeldeba. konkretulad, ò, hoi nanos,~ barad
moxsenebac arsad Segvxvedria. bari, rogorc eTnomusikologi,
xelovnebaTmcodneobis doqtori g. kraveiSvili aRniSnavs Tavis
disertaciaSi _ saqarTvelos mowyvetili kuTxeebis da XVII-XIX
saukuneebSi gadasaxlebul qarTvelTa xalxuri musikis Sesawavlis
problemebi (gv. 44) _ naxevarwre-Seukravi ferxulia. aqedan gamomdinare,
bari a. TaTaraZis naSromSi ò, hoჲ, nanos~ formidan gamomdinare
aRmoCnda da marTlac amgvari tipis nimuSebis zogadi saxelwodebaa.
rac Seexeba xorons (dRevandeli saxiT xorumi), is xSirad
gansazRvrul toponimebs mosdevs, rac mis warmomavlobaze migviTiTebs
mag: `lazxorumi~, ,,xixaZiruli xorumi~, ,,cxmorisuli xorumi~,
,,Rorjomuli xorumi~, ,,qobuleTuri xorumi~, ,,zeda maxunceTuri~,
,,orTabaTumuri xorumi.~ `cxmorisul xorums~, aseve ànanuri xorumi~
hqvia misi xelmZRvanelis gvaris – ananiZis _gamo, romelmac am xorumis
tradicia gaagrZela79. Aaseve, gvaqvs xorumissxvagvari nairsaxeobebi , mag.:
`delixorumi~, `gadaxveuli xorumi~, sadac maTi Sesrulebis xasiaTi
ikveTeba. enver xabaZe wers: ,,aWaris sxvadasxva kuTxeSi warmodgenil
xorumebSi vxvdebodiT gansxvavebul ileTebs da brZolis gamomsaxvel
moZraobebs. sabrZolo cekva ,,xorumi~ mraval mocekvaveTa jgufebs erT
ritmze, magram sxvadasxva ileTebiTa da saintereso moZraobebiT
gamohqondaT. swored am momentebma ganapiroba, rom xorumebs darqmeoda
cekvaze morgebuli saxelebi~80.
xoronis, igive xorumis, Sesaxeb samecniero literaturaSi gamoTqmuli
mosazrebebis SejamebiTa da eleqtronuli saSualebebiT mopovebuli
saeqspedicio masalebze dayrdnobiT, varkvevT, rom cekva ,,xorumis~ saxe
78
Tandilava z., SuamTobis tradiciebi da folklori, ,,mecniereba,~ Tb., 1980, gv. 25.
79
gadacema aWaruli sacekvao Semoqmedebis Sesaxeb _ WORLD, PEACE,
DANCEhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cxjnhqLxIjo
80
komaxiZe T., aWaraSi qarTuli sacekvao folkloris ganviTarebis istoria, ,,aWara~,
baTumi; 2001. gv. 227.
43
dRevandel dRes lokalizebulia da, mxolod, rogorc sabrZolo
xasiaTis nawarmoebi ganixileba. sasceno versiam ,,xorumis~ mxolod
sabrZolo saxe gaiziara.
`xoroni~ saqarTvelos masStabiT mxolod samxreT-dasavlur
dialeqtur erTeulebSi gvxvdeba _ aWarasa da lazeT-SavSeTSi (aseve
klarjeTSic). Sesabamisad, varCevT aWarul da lazur-SavSur xoronebs.
miuxedavad mxatvruli stilistikis identurobisa, maT Soris mainc
arsebobs gansxvaveba, rac tempis, sacekvao leqsikis, siuJeturi qargisa
da formis sxvadasxvaobaSi mdgomareobs: ,,igi Zalze mravalferovania
aWaraSi. xoroni ara Tu raionebis mixedviT gansxvavdeba, aramed xSirad
mezobel soflebSic igiveobas ver ipoviT. aWaraSi cnobilia Zveli da
axali xoroni, gansakuTrebiT mravalferovania axali xoroni. xulosa da
qedis raionis Zveli xoroni erTmaneTs hgavs, xolo axali xoroni
sruliad gansxvavebulia.Aaseve, SeiZleba iTqvas qobuleTisa da baTumis
raionebze~81.
ferxuls, xoronis saxelwodebiT, sasoflo-sameurneo saqmianobisas
nadSic asrulebdnen. arsebobda rogorc qalTa, aseve mamakacTa da
Sereuli saxis ferxulebi. xoronTa mravalferovnebis Sesaxeb Cvens azrs
amyarebs amonaridi mkvlevar al. msxalaZis naSromidan: ,,termini
,,ferxuli~ zemo aWaraSi mainc iSviaTad gvxvdeba. Yyovelnair gundur
cekvas aq ,,xorums~ uwodeben, iqneba is adgilobriv-qarTuli Tu ucxo
warmoSobisa. Ees movlena gamowveulia Zveli qarTuli meomruli cekvis
musikaluri TvalsazrisiT xuTwilad zomaze agebuli qoreografiuli
nimuSis ,,xorumis~ ZvelTaganve popularobiT aWaraSi. misi gavleniT
yovelnair saferxulo cekvas dRes xSirad ,,xorumis~ saxeliT naTlaven.
amitomac, xmaroben kidec gamoTqmebs ,,qalebis xorumi~, ,,lazxorumi~,
,,qurTxorumi~, romlebic faqtiurad ferxulebia da maTi musikaluri ena
da qoreografiuli mxare mkveTrad gansxvavdeba xuTwiladi
xorumisagan~82.aq, vfiqrob, `xorumis~, rogorc ferxulis pirveladoba da
misi gavleniT saxelwodebis gavrceleba, swori ar unda iyos, radgan
bizantiasTan siaxlovidan gamomdinare, Tavad terminis _ `qoro~ _
gavrcelebam, rac TavisTavad simravlis aRmniSvnelad moiazreba,
81
noRaideli j., narkvevebi da Canawerebi IV, „sabW. aWara~, baTumi, 1981, gv.14.
82msxalaZe al., aWaris saojaxo-sawesCveulebo poezia, sabW. aWara, baTumi, 1969, gv. 32.
44
ganapiroba yovelgvari saferxulo qmedebisTvis ganzogadebuli saxelis,
`xoroni~, miniWeba.
rogorc gairkva, termini ,,xorumi~ XX saukunis 30-ian wlebSi Semosula
xmarebaSi, manamde mas ,,xoroni~ erqva.wignSi, `masalebi aWaruli
musikaluri folkloridan,~ vkiTxulobT: ,,rac Seexeba termin ,,xorums~,
unda vTqvaT, rom miuxedavad imisa, rom mas amJamad moqalaqeobrivi
ufleba aqvs mopovebuli da misi Secvla Znelia, am saxiT es saxelwodeba
30-ian wlebSi Semovida xmarebaSi da igi ara zustia. manamde aWaraSi
ixmareboda ,,xoroni~83.sacekvao qmedebis aRmniSvnelad aseve arsebobda
zogadqarTuli termini ,,sama.~ Tumca ,,xoronsa~ da ,,samas~ Soris
arsebiTi gansxvaveba SeiniSneba: ,,xoroni~ ferxulis, xolo ,,sama~
zogadad cekvis Sesabamisad moiazreba. (sama aziuri qveynebis TurqeTi,
irani, indoeTi kulturisTvisac cnobili terminia da ZiriTadad
saritualo-sakraluri cekvis aRmniSvnelia.)
j. noRaideli aRniSnavs: ,,saerTod ,,samas~ aWaraSi pirvandeli
mniSvneloba dakarguli aqvs da axla igi sxvagvarad aris
gaSinaarsebuli. yovelgvar cekvas, xorons, ferxuls, Camorebuls da
sxvebs _ ,,sama~ ewodeba. pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT igi axla cekvas,
Sesrulebas aRniSnavs. ase mgaliTad: isame xoroni _ icekve xoroni~84.
xorons j.noRaideli saxecvlil samas uwodebs da maT Soris
gansxvavebas ase xsnis: ,,sama saxelwodebas ki ar aRniSnavs, aramed
moqmedebas~85 (cekvas_x.d.). j. noRaideli aviTarebs azrs, rom ,,xoronis
Sesrulebas aWaraSi ,,sama~ ewodeba da faqtobrivad ase is ,,xoronsa~ da
,,samas~ aigivebs. misi azriT, radgan xorums tradiciulad sami kaci
asrulebda, swored aqedan warmosdga misi saxelwodebac ,,sama~, Tumca
mas ferxulisagan ganasxvavebs: ,,amas isic unda davumatoT, rom ferxulis
Sesruleba sami kacisagan SeuZlebelia. ferxuli xoronis
Semdegdroindeli unda iyos, radgan ferxuli ufro mravalferovania:
masSi samze meti monawilea da samsarTuliania, Tumca xalxi ferxulis
Sesrulebasac ,,samas~ uwodebs~86.Aaqedan SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom
83
folkloridan, saq. ssr. Mmecn. akad. gamomc., Tb., 1961, gv. 6.
84
noRaideli j., narkvevebi da Canawerebi IV, „sabW. aWara~, baTumi, 1981, gv.15.
85
iqve: gv.15.
86
iqve: gv.15.
45
aWaraSi sama rogorc xoronis, aseve ferxulis sinonimadac moiazreboda,
amave dros ferxuli mravalricxovania da samsarTulianic SeiZleba
iyos. aWaraSi SemorCenil qoreografiul nimuSTagan samsarTuliani
ferxulis saxiT sabrZolo ,,xorumi~ SemogvrCa, romelmac xoronis
zogadi saxelwodeba daisakuTra da ,,xorumad~ Semoinaxa Tavi. `xorumi~
ZiriTadad Wibonze sruldeboda.
aWara xoronTa mravalferovnebiT gamoirCeva. Wibonze sacekvaoTa
saukeTesoO Semsrulebeli edehem surmaniZe (qoCaxela) `Svidnair xorums
ukravda da yvela maTgans Tavisi Semsrulebeli hyavda. TviTon
qoCaxelasac Tavisi xorumi Zlier uyvarda. Mmas yvelaze swraf tempSi
ukravda, Wibons Tavze daidebda da Tan cekvavda, xan kidev disSvili
daukravda, TviTon _ icekvebda~87. yuradRebas iqcevs erTi detali:
rogorc aRiniSna es `xorumebi~ Wibonis TanxlebiT sruldeboda, mxolod
ori segmenti _ instrumentuli musika da qoreografia kravskompozicias,
teqstis arqona ki arRvevs sinkretizmis erTianobas. amasac Tavisi
safuZveli aqvs. gamomdinare iqedan, rom sabrZolo xasiaTis `xorumis~
sacekvao leqsika (farula/malula, Coqmalula, CoqiT muxlmoqneva,
buqnura, fexmoqneviT gasma, qobuleTuri Cakrulidasxv.88) metad
dinamiuria, masTan vokaluri Tanxleba, romelic teqstis arsebobasac
gulisxmobs, SeuZlebelia. `xorumis~ moZraobebi sacekvao moZraobebs
ufro hgavs, vidre saferxulos, sadac sxeuli ZiriTadad gamarTul
mdgomareobaSia da moZraobebic nakleb dinamiuri, ris Sedegadac
Semsruleblebs vokaluri Tanxlebis saSualeba eZlevaT.
cekva ,,xorumze~ aWaraSi, profesiul doneze, Tavdapirvelad daviT
javriSvilma imuSava. 1926 wlis pirveli eqspediciis Sedegad man
Seagrova avTenturi masala cekvebisTvis: „xorumi~,`ferxuli~, `kol-
sarma~, `kurt-bari~89. manve, XX saukunis 20-iani wlebis miwuruls, aWaris
simRerisa da cekvis ansamblis repertuarSi Seitana masobrivi cekva
`xorumi~ da safuZveli Cauyara masobrivi cekvebis dadgmis teqnikas90.
87
gorgaZe r, qoCaxela, „sabWoTa aWara~, baTumi, 1986, gv. 9.
88
dvaliSvili u., WaniSvili r., qarTuli xalxuri cekva, `kentavri~, Tb., 2017, gv. 97.
89
failoZe r., SemoqmedebiT WidilSi ganvlili gza, daviT javriSvili, monografia,
èlva~, Tb., 2000, gv. 58.
90
iqve: gv. 64.
46
rac Seexeba cekva ,,xorumis~ Tanamedrove sasceno variants, igi
qoreograf enver xabaZis mier sxvadasxva xoronTa sacekvao leqsikis
gaerTianebiT aris Seqmnili. ,,gadaxveuli xorumis~ ,,xorumSi~ CarTva,
რogorc is ambobs, am nawilis damatebam cekvas srulyofili saxe misca,
manamde TiTqos dausrulebeli iyo da raRac aklda: ,,is, rom cekvaSi
mterze gamarjvebas gamoxatavs, mtris Caqolvas niSnavs, amitomac es
fragmenti cekvaSi aucilebelia. qobuleTis mexorumeebSi Tu Sevxvdebodi
gadaxveulis SemorCenil ileTebs, agreTve cekvas gansxvavebuli Casaberi
instrumentebiT ukeTebdnen akompaniments, romelsac zur-Wiboni da didi
davli hqonia. es yovelive aRvadgine da CavrTe cekvaSi, sadac cekvam
miiRo dasrulebuli Sinaarsi. ase aRsdga da maradiul gza-savals
daadga ,,gadaxveuli,~ uromlisodac arc erTi koleqtivi ar asrulebs
,,xorums~91.
1946 wels aWaris simRerisa da cekvis saxelmwifo ansamblSi enver
xabaZem dadga qal-vaJTa xorumi profesionali kompozitoris al.
farcxalaZis musikaze ,,ayvavebuli aWara~. Mmasve ekuTvnis ,,qalTa
xorumis~ sasceno versiac folkloruli masalis safuZvelze. ,,xorumis~
variantia aseve mis mierve Seqmnili cekva ,,sazRvarze~.
o, hoÁ, nano. sacekvao nimuSTa didi nawili mTianma aWaram Semoinaxa.
xulos raionis sxalTis xeobaSi icodnen mamakacTa wregaxsnili
saxumaro ferxuli ò, hoÁ, nano~.
,,o, hoÁ,nanos~ Tavisi daniSnuleba hqonda. mas qorwilSi asrulebdnen
da meqorwile xalxis gamosafxizleblad kargi saSualeba iyo: ,,adgeboda
erTi kaci, moyrida Svid-rva biWs (TxuTmetamdec SeiZleboda), deiWiravda
xelSi joxs, Caabamda am xalxs da mocekvaveebi deiZaxebdnen ,,oho Á_~,
xolo winamZRoli upasuxebs ,,nano~. Aam joxs xan mwolare kacs
daartyamda xan mocekvaveebs. Aam momentSi mZinare xalxic adgeba da
esenic meenadebian (moematebian _ sityva ,,nadidan~). es winamZRoli
klaknil gzebs akeTebs da joxs daartyams ukana kacs~92.
Fferxuli martivi moZraobisgan Sedgeba, TiTqmis ZunZulis msgavsi
siarulisa da buqnebisagan. Ffarxuli gaxsnilia da meTauri miuZRvis,
91
komaxiZe T., aWaraSi qarTuli sacekvao folkloris ganviTarebis istoria; „aWara~,
baTumi; 2001. gv. 228.
92
47
faqtobrivad mwyobria, xelixelCabmuli, erTmaneTs miyolebuli
meferxuleebi meTauris SeZaxilze ,,brZanebas~ asruleben. dauaxlovdeba
ra winamZRoli bolo moTamaSes, joxs Semokravs. teqstisa da moZraobis
riTmuli suraTi identuria da erTian reCitatiul-samwyobro dinamiur
suraTs qmnis. aRwerili sanaxaoba paralelebs avlebs svanur `melia-
telefiasa~ da aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi SemorCenil ìalis TamaSTan~.
qarTuli folkloruli sivrcisTvis damaxasiaTebeli sanaxaobiTi wes-
Cveulebebi, romlebsac aWaruli ,,o, hoÁ,nanos~ msgavsi Sinaarsobrivi an
struqturuli suraTi axasiaTebT, ìalis TamaSi~, `winamZRola~,
`laloini~, ìav qalTi~, safuZvlianad ganxiluli aqvs aleko gelaSvils
sadisertacio naSromSi, `qarTuli cekva arqeologiur ZeglTa
ikonografiul sistemaSi~, gv. 91.
jaydanana. jaydananas mTis aWaraSi cekvavdnen. Aam cekvisTvis
damaxasiaebeli gansakuTrebul niSan-Tvisebas SairobaSi Sejibri
warmoadgenda. gamarjveba mas rCeboda, visac meti saSairo leqsis Tqma
SeeZlo: „jaydanana~Tavyrilobis adgilebSi (nadi, SuamToba, qorwili)
sruldeboda. mocekvaveebi ara marto cekvaSi, aramed kafiaoba-SairobaSic
ejibrebodnen erTmaneTs. cekvas simRerasTan erTad eSxs matebda Wibonis
Tanxleba. Ggamarjvebulad is iTvleboda, visac Sair-kafia ar
gamoeleoda.
Seni ezos qener-qener
amosula xozika~ da a.S.93
cekvis SemsrulebelTa sqesisa da raodenobis Sesaxeb met
konkretikas vxvdebiT naSromSi ,,aWaraSi qarTuli sacekvao folkloris
ganviTarebis istoria,~ sadac naTqvamia ,,cekva-SairobaSi ejibreba ori
Semsrulebeli. cekvas simReriT mamakacebi asruleben~94. aqedan cxadi
xdeba, rom `jaydanana~ mamakacebis repertuaris nawilia.
yolsama. cekva ,,yolsamas~ ,,mxarulsac~ uwodeben, radgan ,,Turqulad
,,yol~ mxrebs niSnavs, xolo ,,sama~ _ cekvas. sama rokva SuSpari, samaÁ (0)
93
jijeiSvili al., aWaruli sacekvao folklori da misi mesveurebi , „aWara~, baTumi, 1995,
gv. 33.
94
komaxiZe T., aWaraSi qarTuli sacekvao folkloris ganviTarebis istoria, „aWara~,
baTumi, 2001. gv. 300.
48
sasmeneli95, rogorc sulxan-sabas miniSnebuli aqvs, terminis gverdiT
wriuli niSani mis ucxour warmoSobas aRniSnavs (Tumca, sasmeneli
ganmartebuli aqvs rogorc yuri da Sesabamisad, yuri, rogorc sasmeneli.
aqedan gamomdinare samaÁ-s mniSvneloba aris yuri. am terminTan
dakavSirebul detalebs amjerad ar ganvixilavT _ x.d.)
es cekva safuZvlad daedo aWarul ,,gandaganas~. Tavdapirvelad igi
sruldeboda rogorc solo cekva. yolsamas Sesaxeb informacias
gvawvdian mogzauri mecnierebi. cekvaSi vaJebi monawileobdnen da
igiSejibris xasiaTs atarebda. ,,maRalmTiani aWaris soflebSi
dandaloSi, oqtomberSi, danisparaulSi, RorjomSi, xuloSi mcireodeni
gansxvavebiT, cota vulgaruladac asrulebdnen am cekvas~96.
Lal. msxalaZesTan vkiTxulobT: ,,lokalizaciis sakiTxis garkvevaSi
garkveul sirTules qmnis cekva ,,yolsama“ (yolsarma), romelic dRes
gandaganas saxeliTaa cnobili. musikaluri da wes-Cveulebrivi
TvalsazrisiT masTan axlos dganan ,,qoCeguri“, ,,fadiko“, da
,,Tofaloini~97. `qoCegursa~ da `fadikos~ Soris TiTqmis aranairi
gansxvaveba ar aris. `Tofalioni~ ki koWli kacis cekvas ganasaxierebs.
აvtori am sacekvaoebs berikaobis aWarul nairsaxeobad Tvlis da svanur
,,muryvamobas“, nayofierebisa da Svilierebis kults ukavSirebs.
gandagana. cekva `gandagana~ ar miekuTvneba avTentur nawarmoebTa ricxvs,
Tumca is sacekvao nimuSebi, romelTa safuZvelzec zemoTaRniSnuli
cekva Seiqmna, ZirZvel aWarul sacekvao dialeqts ganekuTvneba.
`gandaganam~, rogorc xalxuri sasceno qoreografiis nimuSma, sicocxle
XX saukunis SuaxanebSi, qoreograf enver xabazis avtorobiT daiwyo.
missafuZvels, aWarasa da lazeTSi, xalxSi farTod gavrcelebuli
`yolsama~ warmoadgens. `yolsamas~ `jaydananasTan~ aigiveben, aseve
mxarulsac uwodeben., qalTa mxaruli ki `Tarnaninos~ saxelwodebiTaa
cnobili. SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom yvela CamoTvlili avTenturi nimuSi
erTurTis msgavsi, anu variantebia. Tavdapirvelad enver xabaZem
95
sulxan-saba orbeliani, sityvis kona qarTuli, romel ars leqsikoni, s.
iordaniSvilis redaqciiTa da winasityvaobiT, saqarTvelos ssr saxelmwifo
gamomcemloba, Tbilisi, 1949, gv. 294.
96
jijeiSvili al., aWaruli sacekvao folklori da misi mesveurebi , „aWara~, baTumi, 1995,
gv. .29.
97
49
`gandagana~ mxolod erTi mamakaci mocekvavesaTvis Seqmna. cekva garmonis
akompanimentiT sruldeboda, Semdeg qoreografma megarmone meWiboneebiT
Secvala, bolos ki musikosebic solistTan erTad aacekva. es iyo solo
nomeri or meWibonesTan erTad. saxelwodebac avtorma SearCia da cekvis
ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblis, gverdze midgmiTi svlidan gamomdinare, mas
`gandagana~ uwoda: àmgvarad, enver xabaZem cekvas ara mxolod axali
Sinaarsi misca, aramed axali saxelic daanaTla, riTac zRvari daudo am
cekvis manamde arsebul saxelTa aRrevas (`yolsama~, `disyirme~,
`jaydananaÁ~, `Tofalioni~, `SextomilaÁ~, `tutli-nanaÁ~ da sxva)~98.
`gandaganas~ sasceno saxis Semdgom etaps, misi rogorc duetis _
qalisa da vaJis erTad cekva warmoadgens. `gandagana~ individualurad
sruldeboda, mas erTi, iSviaTad ori mamakaci cekvavda. aseve,
individualurad sruldeboda qalebis `gandagana~, anu rogorc mas adre
uwodebdnen qalebis `Tarnanino~99. Aqedan gamomdinare qoreografma
gadawyvita maTi SeerTeba da 1946 wels daibada cekva `satrfialo~.
sabolood ki `gandaganam~ masobrivi saxe miiRo da 1948 wels Seiqmna
gunduri cekva, romelsac avtorma `sazeimo~ uwoda, manamde Seqmnili qal-
vaJis dueti ki masobrivi cekvis Semadgenel nawilad iqca.
Qqoreograf enver xabaZesve ekuTvnis `gandaganas~ sacekvao kostiumis
formireba. swored mis mier SerCeuli tanCacmuloba iqca SemdgomSi
cekvis im sasceno samosis safuZveli, romelic Rvawlmosilma mxatvarma,
solomon virsalaZem, Seqmna.
amgvarad, daskvnis saxiT SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom aWaruli sasceno
qoreografiis ori TvalsaCino nimuSi, `gandagana~ da `xorumi~, mdidar
xalxur Semoqmedebas eyrdnoba. SuamTobis Semcvelma àqlemis Sekazmvis~,
`fadiko-qoCeguris~, `lazarias~, `Ziobis~, `xeltris nadis~ tradiciam,
daicva da Semoinaxa aWaruli sacekvao folkloris avTenturi
qoreografiuli nawarmoebebi: `mxaruli~, „yarSiberi~, `yolsama~,
`disyirme~, `jaydananaÁ~, `Tofalioni~, `SextomilaÁ~, `tutli-nanaÁ“,
`Tarnanino,~ ò, hoÁ nano,~ ,,qalebis xorumi~, `xorumi.~
98
komaxiZe T., aWaraSi qarTuli sacekvao folkloris ganviTarebis istoria, „aWara~,
baTumi, 2001. gv. 222.
99
iqve: gv. 223.
50
lazuri da SavSuri sacekvao dialeqtebi
sanam lazuri da SavSuri sacekvao folkloris ganxilvaze
gadavidodeT, saWirod miviCnie gamekeTebina mokle istoriul-
eTnografiuli eqskursi lazeT-SavSeTis Sesaxeb, radgan saqarTvelos es
ZirZveli mxare dRevandel dRes mezobeli saxelmwifos, TurqeTis,
SemadgenlobaSia da ukve didi xania ucxo eTnikurma da religiurma
gavlenam Tavisi kvali daatyo mis TviTmyofadobas.
L lazika moicavda mdinare rionisa da mdinare Woroxis xeobebs.
mdinare rionis xeobaSi, lazeTis CrdiloeT nawilSi megrelTa, xolo
mdinare Woroxis xeobaSi ki laz-WanTa tomi binadrobda. istorikosebi
mis dedaqalaqad arqeopoliss, dRevandel noqalaqevs, miiCneven.
Ppirveli aTaswleulis Sua xanebSi laz-WanTa tomi dawinaurda da
calke samefod Camoyalibda. vaxuStis mixedviT `baiburdisa da forCxis
samxriT, WaneTis mTas iqiT, aris WaneTi. Dda an uwodeben lazsave. Aars
ese Savis zRvis kidis wadevnebiT, Ggoniidam trapizonis samzRvramde~100.
`VII-VIII saukuneebis mijnaze lazeTma dakarga politikuri Zalaufleba
da afxazTa erisTavebis xelSi gadavida. amasTan erTad, lazikam
teritoriuli mTlianobac dakarga, orad gaiyo: samxreT-dasavleTiT
moeqcnen dasavleTis qarTuli modgmis tomebi _ Wan-lazebi, Crdilo-
dasavleTiT _ CrdiloeTis qarTuli modgmis tomebi-megrelebi~101.
mogvianebiT Crdilo da samxreT lazikis teritoriis Suawelze
aRmosavleTidan, qarTlidan, arabTagan devnili qarTulad molaparake
eTnikuri tomi dasaxlda(dRevandeli gurulebiT dasaxebuli guria,
romelmac orad gayo lazika-x.d.).
Llaz-WanebiT dasaxlebuli lazeTi Woroxis xeobidan trapizonamde
iyo gadaWimuli, magram misi ZiriTadi nawili bizantiis Semadgenel
nawilad iqca, mxolod mcire teritoria _ viwe, xofa, gonio _ darCa
samcxis saerisTavos SemadgenlobaSi. lazeTi bizantiuri gavlenis qveS
moeqca. Turquli eqspansiis Sedegad ki,dResdReobiT, `lazebi ZiriTadad
cxovroben sofel sarfSi, aseve baTumSi, gonioSi, maxoSi, simoneTSi,
axalSenSi, urexSi da sxv., xolo saqarTvelos mTeli teritoriis
100
vaxuSti, aRwera samefosa saqarTvelosa, Tb., 1941, gv. 6.
101
vaniliSi m., Tandilava a., lazeTi, sabW. saq., Tb., 1964, gv. 29.
51
masStabiT garda aWarisa da lazeTisa _ afxazeTsa da zugdidis raionis
sofel anakliaSi~102. lazeTi (TurqeTis) ori mazrisagan Sedgeboda da
ekuTvnoda trapizonis vilaeTs. Qqemeridan gurufamde aTinis mazraa,
gurufidan kofmiSamde _ xofis mazra. Sesabamisad arsebobda ori
ZiriTadi dialeqti aTinuri da xofuri. lazebi (Wanebi) laparakobdnen
lazurad, romelic Zalian hgavs megruls. lazuri megrulTan da
svanurTan erTad qarTvelur enaTa jgufSi Sedis.
lazeTTan dakavSirebiT fasdaudebel informacias gvawvdis gasul
saukuneebSi am regionSi Catarebuli samecniero eqspediciebis dros
mopovebuli masala.
1836 wels mecnierebma k. koxma da o. spenserma kavkasiaSi imogzaures.
miuxedavad imisa, rom maTi kvlevis Tema samedicino sferos
ganekuTvneboda, metad saintereso da yuradsaღebi informacia mogvawodes
XIX saukunis lazeTis yofa-cxovrebis Sesaxeb. rogorc dokumenturi
masalidan Cans, saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi, ucxo gavlenis qveS myofi
saqarTvelos es uZvelesi kuTxe da misi xalxi didi xnis ganmavlobaSi
cdilobda SeenarCunebina maTTvis sisxlxorceuli wesi da Cveuleba.
naSromSi, `mogzauroba redut kaledan trapezuntamde~, vkiTxulobT
metad saintereso informacias trubadurTa msgavsi profesionali
momReral-mocekvaveebis Sesaxeb. avtorebi aRweren quCis moxetiale
msaxiobebs, eTnikur lazebs, romlebsac Sua saukuneebis trubadurebs
amsgavseben. isini qalaqidan qalaqSi, soflidan sofelSi gadadian da
koncertebs marTaven. msaxiobebi sakoncerto turneSi mTeli ojaxiT
monawileoben, maT Soris qalebi, romlebic simReris Semdeg gamarTul
cekvebSi iReben monawileobas. aRsaniSnavia, rom msaxiobebi warCinebuli
ojaxebidan arian da arc gasamrjelos iReben, maT mxolod saukeTeso
gamaspinZlebiT uxdian gasamrjelos. Ggarda amisa, aq avtori axsenebs
instrumentebs, romlebic man lazebTan Sexvedrisas naxa. agreTve exeba
iseT detalebs, romlebic lazTa eTnikurobis, maTTvis damaxasiaTebeli
CveulebebiT aris niSandebuli103. (ix. lazuri sacekvao dialeqti,
danarTi 1).
102
Tandilava z., lazuri xalxuri poezia, `sabW. aWara, baT., 1972, gv. 5
103
koxi k., spenser i o., cnobebi saqarTvelosa da kavkasiis Sesaxeb,m ogzauroba redut
kaledan trapezuntamde, Tb.; `mecniereba~, 1981, gv.198-199.
52
1910 wels akademikosma niko marma imogzaura SavSeTSi, TurqeTis
lazeTsa da tao-klarjeTSi daSeqmna pirveli mecnieruli xasiaTis
geografiul-eTnografiuli aRweriloba. igi fasdaudebel informacias
gvawvdis imerxeuli (SavSuri) cekvebis SesaxebNnaSromSi,,,SavSeTsa da
klarjeTSi mogzaurobis dRiurebi.~

,,kviris dResaswaulze (paraskevs), adgilobrivi muslimanebi Tavs
iyrian eklesiasTan saTamaSod an salaybod (saybedod). erTxel Cemi aq
yofnisas, aseT dResaswaulze movidnen Wabukebi guda-stviriT, ,,TulumiT~
an qarTulad ,,Wibo~- Ti, rogorc miRebulia misi saxelwodeba imerxevSi.
Wabukebis am jgufis axsniT, maTTvis cnobilia cekvebi:
,,deli-xoromi,~ ferxuli CajdomiT (romelsac qarTulad ,,buqna~
ewodeba). mocekvaveebi qmnian wres, magram erT adgilas wris jaWvi
garRveulia~104; sayuradReboa, rom n. maris mier aRwerili
imerxevuri xoromi Seukvrel wres warmoadgens da misi saleqsiko
ena buqnebs Seicavs.
,,karSiber~ (Turq: erTmaneTis pirispir), oris cekva, moZraobebis
mixedviT, mucliT cekva; es cekva vnaxe kidec gzad velSi, magram
maSin cekvavda erTi (Tumca partniori Jestebis mixedviT
igulisxmeboda). cekva, rogorc Cans, satrfialoa, magram qalis
gareSe, radgan qalebs gamoCena ekrZalebaT. xelebiT keTdeba ara
marto moZraobebi, aramed Jestebic~105; ,,gzad velSi~ nanaxs ki ase
aRwers: ,,gzad SevxvdiT musikoss WiboTi, romlis gverdiT dabali,
lamazi Wabuki, cekvavda umeteswilad mucliT, sakmaod moqnilad
swevda ra win mkerdisa da muclis xazebs da aTamaSebda mxrebs.
cekvisas misi saxe gamoxatavda daRlasa da vnebas~106.
aqve unda aRvniSnoT, rom Turqul sityvas `karSi~, romelic
qarTulad gamoiTqmis, rogorc `yarSi~, ramdenime mniSvneloba aqvs:
gadaRma, gamomwvevi, gaRma, mopirdapire, mowinaaRmdege, opoziciuri,
oponenti, pirdapir107. maT Soris, Tavisi mniSvnelobiT, calke dgas
`gamomwvevi~ da danarCeni sxva, romelTac erTi azrobrivi mniSvneloba
104
mari n., SavSeTsa da klarjeTSi mogzaurobis dRiurebi, SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo
universitetis gamomcemloba, baTumi, 2012, gv. 116.
105
iqve: gv. 116.
106
iqve: gv. 116.
107
internetleqsikoni targmne.ge _ http://www.targmne.ge/.
53
aerTianebT _ meore mxares. niko mari partnioris pozicia-mdgomareobaze
akeTebs aqcents, Tumca aRwerilobis mixedviT arc gansazRvrebaa Sors
cekvis Sesafaseblad. aseve asaxelebs cekvebs:
,,alafranka,~
,,sarma,~
,,TiTrama~108.
samwuxarod, àlafrankas~, `sarmasa~ da `TiTramas~ Sesaxeb araviTari
informacia ar mogvepoveba. `sarma~ eleqtronul leqsikonSi ganmartebulia,
rogorc: axveva, daxveva, garsi, zonari.109
`tbeli Wabukebi (tbeTi _ sofeliSavSeTSi _ x.d.) misaxelebdnen
qalebis cekvasac, `vardas.~ qalebi sxva cekvebsac cekvaven, magram
ara ,,deli-xorums.~ isini cekvaven calke. Tu naTesavebi dainaxaven,
rom viRaca uTvalTvalebs misi colis an colebis cekvas,
adgilzeve moklaven~110.
aq gamokveTilad Cans, rom `varda~ qalTa cekvaa garkveuli
sakraluri saburveliT, radgan is ucxo TvalisTvis dafarulad
icekveboda, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi savalalo SedegiT damTavrdeboda.
yovelive zemoTaRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT `vardasTan~ dakavSirebiT
Semdegi versiis arsebobas vuSvebT: kavkasiuri tomebis Sesaxeb masalaTa
erT-erT krebulSi vkiTxulobT: àdre, jer kidev warmarTobis dros,
somxebma (lazeTis teritoriaze mcxovrebma somxebma–x.d.) 6 agvistos
daaweses afroditesadmi miZRvnili dResaswauli `vardavari~ („vardis
naTeba~) (vardi somxuradac vards niSnavs-x.d.). mas (afrodites-x.d.)
msxverplad swiravdnen vardebs~111. A
qristianobis damkvidrebis Semdgom, warmarTulze dafuZnebuli,
erTgvarad asimilirebuli, orive religiuri mimarTulebis
maxasiaTeblebis Semcveli sanaxaobebi warmoiSva. iqve vkiTxulobT: „axla
ki 6 agvistos „vardavars~ uwodeben im mizeziT, rom qriste, Tavis
108
109
internetleqsikoni targmne.ge _ http://www.targmne.ge/
110
iqve: gv. 141.
111
Калашев А., Вардавар,Сборник материалов местности и племен Кавказа, вып. XVIII, Тифлис 1894, ч 2,
ст. 1
54
gardasaxvamde, hgavda vardis kokors, romlis sxeulic mTa Taborze
yofnisas daiRvenTa da ainTo vardis naTeba~112.
სomexi mecnieri srbui lisiciani ki ase ganmartavs: ,,yovelwliurad
gamarTuli bevri dResaswauli qristianobas afarebda Tavs (qristianuli
saburveliT iyo moculi). dReoba (dResaswauli) vardavari _ RvTis
gardasaxva _ isev Tavis warmarTobisdroindel saxels atarebs RvTaeba
vard-is _ wylisa da TeslTa RvTaebis pativsacemad~113.
zemoTmoyvanilma informaciam da n. maris mier dafiqsirebulma
cnobam cekva ,,vardas~ Sesaxeb erTgvari asosiacia gaaCina. Tu
gaviTvaliswinebT istoriul faqts lazeT-SavSeTisa da tao-klarjeTis
teritoriaze mcxovrebi qarTuli eTnosis gakaTolikeba-gaberZenebis,
gasomxeba-gagregoreanobis Sesaxeb, SegviZlia vivaraudoT da davuSvaT,
rom es ori dResaswauli erTi fuZidan modis an erTi da igivea. qalTa
mier Sesrulebili `varda~-s safuZveli SesaZloa `RvTaeba vard-is _
wylisa da TeslTa RvTaebis pativsacemad~ ganayofierebis kultis
danaSrevs Seicavdes. am Sexedulebas gviRrmavebs is faqtic, rom
nayofierebis RvTaebisadmi miZRvnili qalTa saferxuloebi saqarTvelos
sxva kuTxeebSic SemorCa folklorul Semoqmedebas.
n. mari sagangebod aRniSnavs, rom ,,yoveli cekva iwyeba zrdilobiani
Tavis dakvriT ufrosis mxares, TiTqosda cekvis nebarTvis TxovniT~114.
,,cekvas kolsarma (qarT. calke sama, da ara aini), taqti 4/4,
rusTavelis Sairis terfi, dRes cekvavda msuqani, janmrTeli,
qalissaxiani 12 wlis imfxvreuleli (toponimi SavSeTSi-x.d.) biWi
SeRebili xelis mtevnebiT. igi didi xelovnebiT cekvavda,
Zalianostaturi iyo muclisa da sajdomis narnari moZraoba. biWs
(qoCegi) Tavi cxvirsaxociT gqonda Sexveuli. cxvirsaxoci kvanZiT
marcxena yuris zemoT moexvia~115.
rogorc vxedavT, n. maris mier aRweril ,,yarSibersa~ da ,,yolsarmas~
Soris xelSesaxebi msgavsebaa, rac mkerdis, muclis, mxrebis
112iqve: ст. 1
113Лисициан С, Старинные пляски и театральные представления Армянского народа , Т. I. Изд. Акад.
Наук Армянской сср. Ереван, 1958 г., стр. 40.
114
115
iqve: gv. 174.
55
gansakuTrebiT narnari, elastiuri moZraobebiT gamoixateba. amasTan
erTad, orive SemTxvevaSi Semsrulebeli vaJia.
avTandil TaTaraZe ki ase ganmartavs: ,,yolsama~ an ,,yolsarma~_
Zveli aWaruli xalxuri cekva. ,,yol~ Turqulad mklavebs niSnavs, ,,sama~
ki cekvis aRmniSvneli qarTulSi damkvidrebuli terminia. Aaqedan
gamomdinare ,,yolsama~ pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT mklavebiT cekvas niSnavs.
arsebobda qalebisa da vaJebis ,,yolsama~ cal-calke, romelTagan
pirvels, e.i. qalTa ,,yolsamas~ ,,Tarnaninos~ uwodeben, meores ki vaJTas _
,,mxaruls.~
cekva ,,yolsamas~ Turqulad ,,yolsarmasac~ uwodeben, sadac ,,yol~,
rogorc aRiniSna, mklavebs niSnavs, ,,sarma~ ki moxvevas. vfiqrobT, rom
aRniSnuli terminis warmoSobas safuZvlad daedo cekvaSi vaJis zeda
kidurebis iseTi moZraobebi, romlebic mklavebis Semoxvevas mogvagonebs.
ZiriTadad ,,yolsamas~ elementebzea agebuli dRevandeli aWaruli cekva
,,gandagana~116.
rogorc vxedavT, n. maris mier daxasiaTebuli da a. TaTaraZis mier
ganmartebuli erTi da imave saxelwodebis cekva, srulebiT aRar hgavs
erTmaneTs. erTi ram SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom aWaruli sacekvao
dialeqtisTvis mklavebis, mxrebis gansakuTrebiT plastiuri, moqnili
moZraobebi warmoadgens im xelweras, romliTac aWaruli da lazuri
qoreografia aris niSandebuli.
kidev erTi sayuradRebo detali, romelmac mecnier n. maris
yuradReba miipyro: ,,jgufuri cekva, rogorc vxedav, ramdenime saxisaa:
cekvaven adgilobrivadac da xofeli lazebis msgavsadac. Aaxla CemTan,
patara oTaxSi sami cekvavs~117. es epizodi gaurkvevelia, radgan
konkretikis simciris gamo ar Cans romel cekvas gulisxmobs mkvlevari
da erTgvarad konteqstidan amoglejilis STabeWdilebas tovebs.
SesaZloa, `xorons~ gulisxmobdes, radgan jgufur cekvas axsenebs.
amasTan erTad, sami, swored is cifria, romelic nebismieri `xoronis~
Sesasruleblad aucilebel raodenobas warmoadgens.
n. maris informaciiT ai, rogor ganmartaven lazebi ferxuls:
,,ferÃuli cekva: ,,vincxa rom Zvelia, ityvian iferÃuleT-o, isameT-o, is
116
TaTaraZe av., qarTul cekvaTa ganmartebani, „ganaTleba~, Tb., 1986, gv. 44.
117
mari n.,SavSeTsa da klarjeTSi mogzaurobis dRiurebi, SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo
universitetis gamomcemloba, baT, 2014, gv. 174
56
Tqma ari~118. rogorc vxedavT, aq ,,sama~ zogadad cekvis sinonimad
gvesaxeba, rac niSnavs ,,icekveTo~.
Aarc saqorwilo rituali darCenila didi mkvlevaris yuradRebis
miRma; ,,Sedis ra ezoSi, mayari iwyebs revolverebidan da Tofebidan
haerSi srolas. iwyeba cekva: ,,sama,~ ,,ferxuli,~ ,,jumbuSi,~ (jumbuSi _
garToba-TamaSoba, drostareba, seirnoba-x.d.) simRera. Uukraven, aseve
guda-stvirze: ,,Tulumze,~ an ,,Wibonze,~ ,,Wibo.~ cekvaven ganurCevlad
yvelanair cekvas: ,,yarSibersa~ (igivea rac ,,xel-gaSlili~) da ,,deli
xoromsac.~ sacekvaod epatiJebian sityvebiT: ,,isame,~ an ,,adeg isame,~ resp.
,,ade isame~119. mari ,,samasa~ da ,,ferxuls~ cal-calke asaxelebs;
yvelanair cekvebSi ki ,,yarSibersa~ da `deli xoroms~ moixseniebs, xolo
`yarSibers~ `xelgaSlilTan~ aigivebs. xelgaSlili ki `Tarnaninos,~
`qalTa mxarulis~, Sesabamisad, cekva `gandaganas~ safuZvelia.
niko mari naSromSi ,,Из поездки в Турецкий Лазистан,~ aRniSnavs, rom
,,adgilobrivi garTobebidan Semonaxulia jgufuri cekvebi eqspromntuli
leqsebiT. Amas Wanuri terminiT hqvia obiru (obiru) an nasesxebiT
otraRodu (otragodu). sazogadoeba gayofilia or jgufad TiToeulSi
xuTi an meti raodenobiT. moZraoben ra erTmaneTis sapirispirod, yoveli
nawili (mwkrivi-x.d.) rigrigobiT, saukeTeso eqspromntistis (moSairis-
x.d.) saSualebiT leqsiT amxels (aSairebs-x.d.) mowinaaRmdeges. vaJebTan
erTad gogonebi ferxulSi ar monawileoben, mxolod bavSvebi. Tumca
soflelma qalebmac icodnen aseTi sacekvao leqsebi (traRoduman
tragoduman)romelsac calke awyobdnen. Mmamakacebi maTTan ar
daiSvebodnen, magram Cumad yurs ugdebdnen qalebis eqspromtebs da
izepirebdnen. Wani qalebi xom saukeTeso poetebi iyvnen~120.
,,obiru~-,,otraRodusa~ da ,,traRodumans~ qvemoT kidev davubrundebiT.
aq ki aRvniSnavT, rom n. Mmaris naSromSi daculi informacia
fasdaudebelia, im TvalsazrisiTac, rom iSviaTia da sakmao konkretikis
Semcvelic. Aaseve sruliad veTanxmebi, rodesac ambobs: ,,SavSeTsa da
mTels Woroxis qveynebSi ,,saqarTvelodan modioda~ da piriqiT, aqedan
midioda aWaraSi simRerebi, cekvebi, Tqmuleba-gadmocemebi... Woroxis
118
iqve: gv. 229
119
iqve: gv. 160
120
Марр Н., Изпоездки в Турецкий Лазистан, С-Петербург, ИИАН., 1910, ст. 629.
57
qveynebi saerTo kulturis matareblebi iyvnen, amitomacaa, rom bevri
paraleli iZebneba maT metyvelebaSi, folklorSi, yofaSi...SeiZleba
iTqvasWoroxis auzi erTiani kulturuli sivrcea, romelsac SeiZleba
samxruli kultura vuwodoT~121. M
general paskeviCis dros (XIX saukunis pirveli naxevari), samxreT-
dasavleT saqarTvelos teritoriidan, iZulebiT gadasaxlebul iqna
adgilobrivi mosaxleoba da maT teritoriaze Camoasaxles somexi
mosaxleoba. demografiuli Semadgenlobac mkveTrad Seicvala. SavSeT-
klarjeTis teritoriaze mTeli soflebi somxuri eTnosiT Seivso da
rodesac mecnieri niko mari Tavis naSromSi, `SavSeTsa da klarjeTSi
mogzaurobis dRiurebi,~iq nanax cekvebs agviwers, vxedavT, rom maT am
teritoriaze didi eTnikuri siWrelis kvali aCneviaT. Turquli,
qurTuli, berZnuli, boSuri,somxuri da qarTuli kulturis eklektika
gaxda safuZveli im xelovnebis, romelsac Cven lazur-SavSurs vuwodebT.
aWarulma folklormac TiTqmis igive gavlena ganicada, Tumca
saqarTvelosTan siaxlovis gamo gavlena Semcirda.
me-20 saukunis ocian wlebSi mxatvarma evgeni lanserem imogzaura
kavkasiaSi da CanaxatebTan erTad Seqmna mogzauris wigni, saxelwodebiT,
,,dRiurebi. Mmogzauroba, kavkasia: saqmiani dReebi da dResaswaulebi~ _
wigni meore. TurqeTis saqarTveloSi yofnisas misma kalamma CvenTvis
saintereso sferos _ cekvis zogierTi detalis dafiqsireba SeZlo.122
evgeni lanseres naSromSi gadmocemuli informacia sagangebod
ucvleli davtove da zusti Targmani Sevasrule(ix. lazuri sacekvao
dialeqti, danarTi 2). ramdenime detalma miiqcia Cemi yuradreba:L1.
lazebsac hqoniaT muclis cekva, mxolod im gansxvavebiT, rom ufro
cocxali da swrafi yofila; eWvgareSea, es is cekvebia, romelsac n. mari
aRwers Tavis mogzaurobis angariSSi lazeTsa da tao-klarjeTSi.
gansakuTrebuli miniSneba ar aris saWiro imis gamosacnobad, rom
lazuri qoreografiis es nawili moqceuli iyo ucxo eTnikuri gavlenis
qveS. 2. lazebsac scodniaT xanjlebiT cekva da Tan xangrZlivad; aq
SegviZlia pirdapiri paraleli gavavloT Zveli lazikis erTiani sivrcis
121
122
Лансере Е., Дневники. Путешествия Кавказ: будни и праздники, книга вторая, Москва, искусство-XXI
век, 2008,Ст. 67.
58
Semadgeneli nawilebis _ guriaSi, samegrelosa da afxazeTSi SemorCenil
cekvebTan sxvadasxva saxis iaraRis gamoyenebiT. 3. Llazebs scodniaT
pantomimuri Teatralizebuli qmedeba, sadac aSkarad ikveTeba erotikuli
xasiaTi, xoxva da miwasTan kavSiri. yovelive es ganayofierebis
kultisadmi miZRvnili ritualis detals unda warmoadgendes; 4. kovzebi
_ instrumenti kastanetebis msgavsi (am instruments vxvdebiT k. koxisa da
o. spenseris aRwerilobaSic).
lazeT-SavSeTisa da tao-klarjeTis istoria da kultura dResac
mecnierebis interesis sferos warmoadgens. uaRresad mniSvnelovania XX
saukunis meore naxevarsa da Cvens epoqaSi Seqmnili Sromebi eTnografia-
eTnologiasa da saxelovnebo mecnierebebis sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT.
gansakuTrebuli Rvawli da damsaxureba miuZRviT m. vaniliSsa da a.
Tandilavas.
lazuri sasimRero da sacekvao Semoqmedeba, mWidrod aris
dakavSirebuli sasoflo-sameurneo saqmianobasTan. ,,lazeTSi, ise rogorc
saqarTvelos mTel teritoriaze, miwaTmoqmedebasTan dakavSirebul
Sromis leqs-simRerebidan gvxvdeba naduri, lazurad ,,noderi.~
sxvadasxva saxis nadurebis simReras ewodeba zogadad ,,noderiS birafa~
(naduri simRera)~123.
sanam sasoflo-sameurneo samuSaoebTan dakavSirebul sacekvao
nimuSebis ganxilvaze gadavidode, saWirod miviCnie terminebis ,,birafasa~
da n.maris mier dafiqsirebuli terminis _ ,,obiru~ _ mniSvnelobis
dadgena: o-bir-u _ mRera; bir-af-a _ simRera; orive termins fuZe erTi
aqvs.
zurab Tandilavas mixedviT ,,termin birafas ganmartebisaTvis
,,birafa~-s adrindeli mniSvneloba yvelaze ukeT daculia lazuris
aTinur kilokavSi. aq birafa TamaSobasac aRniSnavs, leqssac da
simRerasac. xolo lazuris xofur kilokavSi es sityva mxolod leqsisa
da simReris mniSvnelobiT ixmareba. amrigad, lazurSi ,,birafa~-s sami
mniSvneloba aqvs: mRera (simRera), leqsi da TamaSoba~124.
n. maris mier dafiqsirebuli terminis, ,,obirus~, ganmartebisaTvis
zurab Tandilavas naSromSi, ,,lazuri xalxuri poezia~, vkiTxulobT:
123
Tandilava z., lazuri xalxuri poezia, `sabW. aWara,~ baT., 1972, gv. 21
124
iqve: gv. 22
59
,,musikaluri moqmedebis aRmniSvneli termini ,,birafa~ anu ,,obiru~
lazurSi simReris garda leqssac gulisxmobs. leqsis, rogorc poeturi
nawarmoebis aRsaniSnavad lazurs sxva sityva ar gaaCnia. sayuradReboa,
rom ,,birafa~ (,,obiru~) niSnavs, agreTve TamaSs~125.
amasve adasturebs ivane javaxiSvilis mier gamoTqmuli mosazreba:
,,sagulisxmoa, rom mReris megruls Sesatyvisobas bira-sa da birafa-s am
saxelzmnis Zvel qarTulSi daculi Tavdapirveli, TamaSobis
aRmniSvneli mniSvneloba ar Semounaxavs, aramed mxolod xmiT simReras,
galobasRa niSnavs. marto obireS-i-sa da obire-s, romelnic simRerisa-ca
da mRera-cekvisaTvis gankuTvnili adgilis saxeladac ixmareba, am
sityvis pirvandeli mniSvneloba kidev odnav moCans. Wanurs birafas-ki
pirvandeli mniSvneloba ukeTesad aqvs daculi da es sityva iq
TamaSobasac niSnavs da simRerasac. aTinaSi obiru ixmareba, romelic si
(=o) mReras (bir-u) udris. xofurad es sityva mxolod simReris
gamomxatvelia~126.
O obirusa da birafas saerTo fuZe _ birOaerTianebs. iv. javaxiSvilis
dakvirvebis safuZvelze SegviZlia amgvari daskvna gamovitanoT: termini
da masTan dakavSirebuli qmedeba lazeTis orive olqSi (aTinasa da
xofaSi) SemorCenilia rogorc leqsis, simRerisa da TamaSis
mniSvnelobis Semcveli. Aamave dros obiru ara konkretuli simReris,
aramed zogadad cekva-TamaSis, ferxulis mniSvnelobis gamomxatveli
sityvaa.
d. janeliZec `qarTuli Teatris istoriaSi~ aseve n. mars eyrdnoba
da aRniSnavs `WanurSi SemorCenil o t r a R o d u s da o t r a R o
d u m a n s Zveli qarTuli dramis istoriisaTvis gansakuTrebuli
mniSvneloba aqvs. Aam terminTan dakavSirebiT n. mari aRniSnavs, rom
meore Wanuri zmna o x o r o n u c (cekva) agreTve momdinareobs
berZnuli xXopos-dan. Wanuri winadadeba `kai kai ipaamTes, isTes, ixorones,
ibires~ niSnavs: `kargad isaubres, iTamaSes, icekves (ixorones),
imReres~127.
125
iqve: gv. 21
126
javaxiSvili iv., qarTuli musikis istoriis ZiriTadi sakiTxebi, xelovneba, Tb., 1990,
gv. 45
127
janeliZe d., qarTuli Teatris istoria, „ganaTleba~, Tb., 1983, gv. 106
60
aq ki otraRodu, otraRodumanTan dakavSirebiT `nasesxebSi~ unda
vigulisxmoT ucxouri, kerZod, berZnuli, radgan orive sityva erTi
fuZidan _ traRo _ traRediadan warmosdgeba. Ooxoronus ki qvemoT
SevexebiT, radgan es termini `xorumis~, igive `xoronis~ safuZvlad
SegviZlia miviCnioT.
sergi makalaTia òbirus~ msgavs sanaxaobas òxoxoias~ (lazurad
`vaxaxaia~) uwodebs. identur sanaxaobas, romelsac is aRwers Tavis
naSromSi,`samegrelos istoria da eTnografia~, aseTi saxe aqvs:
`mocekvaveebi or jgufad iyofian. TiToeuli jgufi xelixelCakidebulia
da erTi maTgani Sairobs leqsiT, sxvebi ki mRerian. ori mxare erTmaneTs
leqsaven, fexebis aTamaSebiT mopirdapireni uaxlovdebian erTi-meores da
isev daSordebian. saqme gaSairebaSi jobnazea~128. Aamdagvari aRweriloba
cnobilia, rodesac n. marma lazeTSi òbiru~ aRwera.Aaqedan SegviZlia
davaskvnaT, rom `lazeTSi òbirus~ badali `vaxaxaia~ yofila,
samegreloSi ki òxoxoia~.
yuradRebas iqcevs n. marTanac da s. makalaTiasTanac `fexebis
aTamaSeba~ da ara nabiji an svla. Ees imis maniSnebelia, rom saqme gvaqvs
sacekvao moZraobasTan da ara ubralo nabijebTan. (STabeWdileba damrCa,
rom s. makalaTias n. maris mocemulobiT aqvs nasargeblebi-x.d.)
sasoflo-sameurneo samuSaoebi lazeTSic nadis TanxlebiT
mimdinareobda. nadis sazeimo ganwyobilebas gansakuTrebuli elferi
eZleva sadilobis Semdeg. Sesvenebis periodSi imarTeba sxvadasxva saxis
garToba-TamaSobani, maTSi didi adgili uWiravs cekvas. amasve
adasturebs Tea kalandia naSromSi ,,lazuri teqstebi~ _òri saaTi cekva-
simReriT erTobodnen129~.
z. Tandilava: ,,Sesvenebis dros gaSairebisas (,,arTikarTis mebiru~ _
erTmaneTze mimRereba) xSirad mimarTaven maSin, Tu cekva-TamaSia
gamarTuli, gansakuTrebiT ferxulebis _ ,,lititi~-sa da ,,vahahaჲ nanas~-s
Sesrulebis dros~130.A
,,vahahaჲ nana~ SegviZlia SevadaroT aWarul ,,o, hoჲ, nanos~ (aWarulSi
zogjer `nana~- zogjer `nano~ _ s saxiT gvxvdeba) da vTqvaT, rom erTi
128
makalaTia s., samegrelos istoria da eTnografia, saqarTvelos mxareTmcodneobis
ssazogadoeba, Tb., gv. 280
129
kalandia T., lazuri teqstebi, „artanuji~, Tb. 2008, gv. 80.
130
Tandilava z., lazuri xalxuri poezia, gamomc. „sabW. aWara~, baTumi, 1972, gv. 34.
61
meoris badalia. maT Soris did gansxvavebas adgili ar aqvs.
mkvlevarebis a. inaiSvilis, gr. CxikvaZisa da j. noRaidelis samecniero
eqspediciis Sedegad mopovebuli informaciis mixedviT lazuri
,,vahahaჲnana~ aWaruli ,,o, hoჲ, nanos~ analogia: ,,sainteresoa xulოs
raionSi Semonaxuli masobrivi cekva ,,ohoჲ nano,~ romelic analogs
poulobs lazurSi, sadac refrenad cekvis xelmZRvaneli ,,vahahaჲ~
gamoTqmas xmarobs ,,ohoჲs~ nacvlad, xolo mocekvaveTa gundi ,,nano-Ti~
upasuxebs. orive es cekva: ,,ohoჲ nano~ da ,,vahahaჲ nano~ Sesrulebis
mixedviT Taviseburebebs uTuod gvaZleven aWaris wylis xeobasa da
lazebSi, magram Tu Sesrulebis wess davukvirdebiT, vnaxavT, rom orive
erTi da imave cekvis nairsaxeobaa da am cekvaSi Sromis procesia
gadmocemuli. amis Sesaxeb Wanuri misamRerebeli masalac laparakobs.
lazur cekvaSi jer xelmZRvaneli ityvis da Semdeg mas imeorebs jgufi
Semdegi TanmimdevrobiT: ,,vahahaჲ nano,~ _ ,,vahahaჲ aSo moxtiT~(aq modiT),
_ ,,vahahaჲ dingiS kele (sacexvelasaken), ,,vahahaჲ, mani-mani~ (Cqara, Cqara)
da a. S. dingi WanurSi Camuris xis nawils niSnavs, romliTac CamurSi
marcvleuli icexveba. cekvis dros am sityvebis aseTi TanmimdevrobiT
warmoTqma-ganmeoreba xelmZRvanelisa da gundis mier, daaxloebiT unda
niSnavdes Sromis procesis cekviT gamosaxvis uZvelesi formis
gadmocemas: modiT sacexvelisaken Cqara, ჩqara~ da sxva. ხolo aWarul ,,o,
hoჲ, nanoSi~ xelmZRvanelis mier SeZaxilebiT da moTamaSeebზe joxis
cemiT cekvis analogiuri wayvana tempis aCqarebis aucileblobas
gamoxatavs~131. rogorc aRwerilobidan Cans, sanaxaobis struqtura lazur
da aWarul dialeqtur nimuSebSi, faqtobrivad, identuria. aWaraSi ò,
hoi, nano~ miZinebuli meqorwileebis gamosafxizleblis statusiT aris
dafiqsirebuli. qorwilisa da samiwaTmoqmedo samuSaoebis erTian
warmomavlobaze sayovelTaod cnobilia.
,,saqorwilo garToba-TamaSobaSi aqtiurad monawileobdnen qalebic,
magram wesis mixedviT qalTa da mamakacTa sazogadoeba qorwilSi
gayofilia. Qqalebi maTTvis gankuTvnil calke oTaxSi imyofebian da aqve
erTobian. Nn. Mmari q. aTinis magaliTze werda: ,,qalebi siamovnebiT
131
inaiSvili a., noRaideli j., CxikvaZe gr., masalebi aWaruli musikaluri folkloridan,
saq. Mmecn. Aakad., Tb., 1961, გვ. 5
62
uyureben mamakacTa garTobas, cekva-TamaSsa da xSirad monawileoben
kidec simRerebSi. Qqalebi umRerian kidec mocekvave vaJebs. aseT
SemTxvevaSi adgili aqvs orgundovan simRerebs, simRera-dialogs, romlis
nimuSad SeiZleba movitanoT ,,uCa biWi~ (,,Savi biWi~ anu ,,Savo biWo~). Ees
leqs-simRera arqabul saqorwilo-sacekvao simRerad aris miCneuli~132.
ioseb megreliZis krebulSic ,,lazuri (Wanuri) sasimRero leqsebi~,
,,uCa biWi~ cnobilia aseve rogorc arqabul-viwuri (toponimebia lazeTSi-
x.d.) sacekvao. Aaq erTi jgufi meores upirispirdeba. igi exeba rogorc
konkretulad ,,uCa biWs~, aseve azogadebs qorwilSi Sesasrulebel wess:
,,amasa da aseT saqorwilo-sacekvao simRerebSi damwyebis warmonaTqvams
gundi imeorebs. Tu momReral-mocekvaveTa ricxvi didia, simReras iwyeben
gogonebi da qalebi, imeoreben biWebi da kacebi~133. z. Tandilavasgan
gansxvavebiT i. megreliZe ferxuls qal-vaJTa SesrulebiT aRwers da ara
gamoyofilad.
Cven yuradRebas imsaxurebs kidev erTi leqsi, romelic, aseve
satrfialo-sacekvaod miiCnevaAda ferxulSic mRerodnen ,,Toli moni
kulani~134: (leqsis sruli teqsti ix. teqsti 3.) TvalSimosaxvedria
sasoflo sameurneo samuSaoebisa da qorwilSi Sesasrulebeli
repertuaris msgavseba. nadSi Sesrulebuli simRerebi ,,helesa,~ ,,heiamo,~
Sairebi qorwilebSic damkvidrebuli yofila.
istorikosTa da eTnografTa cnobebiT, lazuri qorwili datvirTuli
yofila cekviT. ,,es ambebi rom gadawydeboda, (sxva) Sairebi daiwyeboda,
cekva-TamaSi daiwyeboda da amgvarad aTenebdnen~135.
qorwilSi rom bevrs cekvavdnen da mRerodnen, amaSi gasakviri
araferia, mTavaria vicodeT ras, rodis da rogor asrulebdnen.
qorwilSi usaTuod unda SeesrulebinaT `wule bozo~ (qalwulo)136.
(leqsis sruli teqsti ix. Teqsti 4).
z. Tandilava adasturebs, rom es sasimRero teqsti sacekvaoa,
ferxulis Sesrulebisas imRereba. Aamasve adasturebs s. JRentis mier
Cawerili variantic, romelsac „lazuri xoroniSi birafa~ („lazuri
132
iqve: gv. 132
133
megreliZe i., lazuri (Wanuri) sasimRero leqsebi, „mecniereba~, Tb., 1977, gv. 26
134
135
kalandia T., lazuri teqstebi, „artanuji~, Tb., 2008, gv. 72.
136
63
sacekvao simRera~) ewodeba137. ioseb megreliZec „wule bozoს~ anu
„qalwuli~, aTinur sacekvao simRerad miiCnevs138. misive cnobiT

sacekvaoebi iyo: „Tira-mola~, „Wuta nusa~ anu „patarZali~, „uCa biWi~ anu
..Savi biWi~, ,,Toli moni~ _ gaSaireba. („Tira-molasa~ da „Toli monis~

teqstebis Sinaarsi hgavs erTmaneTs-x.d.) marTalia Tira-mola
sityvasityviT gaTreva, SeTrevas niSnavs da SromiTi procesis dros
mRerodnen, magram teqsti satrfialo xasiaTisaa da mZivisTvaleba qals
eZRvneba _ kidev erTi dadastureba erTi nimuSis Janrobrivi da
funqciuri mravalferovnebis difuziisa. z. Tandilava Tira-molas
saqorwilo-mayrul simRerad moixsenebs, rodesac mayrebi sasiZos saxls
miuaxlovdebodnen139. giorgi kraveiSvilic „Tira-molas~ saqorwilo
simRerad Tvlis140, aseve sacekvaoa „faTqali do ibiri~141.
lazeTSic, iseve, rogorc saqarTvelos mTel teritoriaze icodnen
„berobana~-,„berikaoba~, yeenoba~,„lazaroba~. Ees sanaxaobebi saqarTvelos
sxva kuTxeebSi gamarTuli sanaxaobebisagan ar gansxvavdebian da TiTqmis
analogiebs warmoadgenen.
ASevCerdebi saxioba „berobanaze~, igi dResac sruldeba. ai, ra
informacias gvawvdis mkvlevari, lili gvaramaZe,„berobanasTan~
dakavSirebiT: „Zalzed sainteresoa „berobanas~ nairsaxeoba saqarTvelos
erT-erT uZveles kuTxeSi _ lazeTSi. SeiaraRebuli lazi Cafrebi,
samxedroformiani Turqis meTaurobiT, erT-erT damswres (albaT
adgilobriv mesxs) atyveveben. igi „yaenTan~ mihyavT. Ddatyvevebul mesxs
mxolod jarimis gadaxda Tu ixsnis. „berobanaSi~ ,,berikaobasa~ da
,,yeenobisagan~ gansxvavebiT niRbebs ar ikeTeben (garda aqlemis niRbisa).
monawileebi an igrimebian, anda saxes muriT iTxupnian. Bberobana
uteqstoa, masSi ar aris sityvieri masala, moqmedeba pantomimiT
sruldeba, romelsac „laloini~ ewodeba: es sityva Turqulia. L„lal~ _
137
JRentis s, Wanuri teqstebi (arqabuli kilokavi), tfilisi, 1938, gv 157.
138
megreliZe i., lazuri teqstebi, àrtanuji“, Tb., 2008, gv.13
139
Tandilava z.,lazuri xalxuri poezia, gamomc. „sabW. aWara~, baTumi, 1972, gv. 125.
140
aspeqtebi, sabakalavro naSromi, Tb., 2011, gv. 23.
141
iqve: gv. 44.
64
usityvos, xolo „oini~ moqmedebas niSnavs. logikuria, rom am cekvas
„idumala~ hqvia~142.
„laloinis~ Sesaxeb ,,qarTul cekvaTa ganmartebanSi~ vkiTxulobT:
`laloini _ mesxeTSi gavrcelebuli cekva-TamaSis Turquli saxelwodeba
_ (lal _ Turqulad munjs, uTqmels, utyvs niSnavs, oini _ TamaSs).
saxelwodeba „laloinis~ etimologia dakavSirebuli unda iyos imasTan,
rom TamaSis meTauris mier Sesrulebuli yoveli moZraoba usityvod
unda gaimeoron rigiTma monawileebma ise, rogorc, „baris~ Sesrulebis
dros aWaraSi~143. xolo „barTan’’ dakavSirebiT leqsikonSi aseTi cnobaa:
„aRwerili cekva-TamaSi „baris~ saxelwodebiT ZiriTadad xulos raionSi
gvxvdeba. xixaZirSi mas „ohoi nanos~ eZaxian, masxeTSi _ „laloins~.144
aqedan gamomdinare SegviZlia davaskvnaT: mesxuri „laloini~, aWaruli
„bari’’ da „ohoi nano~ erTi da igive yofila da amasTan erTad
„berobanas~ Semadgeneli nawili. Tumca, rogorc zemoT aRvniSne,
terminTan, `bari~, dakavSirebiT, vimeoreb, rom am terminis
konkretizireba araswored mimaCnia, radgan saqarTvelos samxreT-
dasavleT nawilSi am termins zogadad gasnili ferxulis mniSvneloba
gaaCnia da ara romelime konkretuli sacekvao nimuSis saxelwodebis.
gavagrZeleb saubars „berobanas~ Sesaxeb magaliTis safuZvelze,
romelic internet sivrceSi iqna moZiebuli145. sanaxaobaSi monawileobs
oTxi Cafari da „patarZali~ (dedofali). Cafrebi, samxedro
tanCacmulobiT, xelSi ketebiT, saxegamurulebi, bewvis qudebiTa da
bewvis wverebiT Semkulni da patarZali (qalad morTul-mokazmuli kaci-
x.d.) iwyeben sofelSi Camovlasa da CamoTxovas. Mmosaxleoba produqts
swiravs maT. saxiobaSi soflis sxva mosaxleobac monawileobs.
,,berobanas~ monawileebi vis karzec gaCerdebodnen, mosaxle valdebuli
iyo isini daesaCuqrebina, monawileebi ki xmauriT, musikiTa da JriamuliT
agrZelebdnen gzas. sanaxaobis aucilebeli komponentia „patarZlis~
142
gvaramaZe l., qarTuli sacekvao folklori, saqarTvelos kulturis saministro,
xalxuri Semoqmedebisa da kulturis centri, Tb., 1997, gv. 36
143
144
iqve: gv.5.
145
satelevizio gadacema `marioba~
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=veTQ77n4kHk.(ukanasknelad nanaxia 22. 06. 2018).
65
motacebis mcdeloba mozeimeTa mxridan da misi gulmodgine dacva
Cafrebis mier _ isini ketebiT igerieben momxdurT. sanaxaobas Tan axlda
ferxuli, romelSic „berobanas~ uSualo personaJebis garda soflis
mosaxleobac iRebda monawileobas. ferxuli SeiZleba iyos sinkretuli _
samive komponentiT (musika, leqsi, cekva) an mxolod musikaluri
TanxlebiT. igi warmoadgens naxevarwres an wres, nekebiT dakavSirebul,
ganusazRvreli raodenobis, asakisa da Semadgenlobis adamianebis gunds.
cekva agebulia nabijebze. moZraoba imdenad martivia, rom monawileTa
uzarmazar Semadgenlobasac SeuZlia sinqronulad misi Sesruleba.
rogorc Cans, ferxulis Sesruleba yvelasaTvis cnobilia. mxiaruli
procesiis msvlelobis dros yuradRebas iqcevs „patarZlis~ cekva
Cafrebis SuaSi. akompanireba akordeoniT xdeba. „dedoflis~ motacebis
Semdeg, Cafrebis cekvaa simRera ,,gogni, gogni, gogonas~ melodiaze da
safinalo ferxuli. aRsaniSnavia, rom ferxuli da patarZal-Cafrebis
cekva sxvadasxva melodiis TanxlebiT sruldeba. ferxulis sasimRero
nawili erTxmiania.
SavSeTSi, sofel bazgireTSi, „berobana~ mariamobis Semadgenili
nawilia. aq erTis magivrad ori „dedofalia~ warmodgenili da maT
aseTive TavgamodebiT „taxebi~ icaven. imdenad, ramdenadac bazgireTi
dResac inarCunebs ZirZvel eTnikur niSan-Tvisebebs, meti qarTuli
elementi SeiniSneba. bazgireTis moedanze Sesrulebuli sanaxaoba
daxunZlulia mravalferovani cekvebiT da hgavs qarTul-lazurs, isini
Tavisuflad gaerTiandeba aWarul-lazur-SavSursacekvao dialeqtur
jgufSi.
vaniliSis istoriul naSromSi, „lazeTi~, avtors CamoTvlili aqvs
cekvebi: „lazuri cekvebidan aRsaniSnavia „xorumi~, „oTirTinoni~,
„menjeliSi~, M„mxujiSi~ da sxva. aqve Cveni yuradReba miiqcia saferxulo
„xorumis~ miseulma daxasiaTebam. is ambobs, rom „orive saxis xorumi
sruldeba Wiponze, „qemenCze~ da dolze, Cadgeba mocekvaveTa wreSi (an

wris gareT) da neli xmiT mReris: „uCabiWi~ (Savo biWo), „Tolimoni~
(mZivis Tvalebiano) da sxv~146.Ggamoisaxa erTi detali _ Wibonze an
146
vaniliSi m., lazeTi, `sabW. saqarTvelo~, Tb., 1964, gv. 133.
66
dolze Semsrulebeli, mocekvaveTa wreSi Camdgari protagonisti
,,xorums~ asrulebs satrfialo-saxumaro simRerebis TanxlebiT. Aam
SemTxvevaSi, rogorc Cans, sruliad sxva xasiaTis „xorumTan~ gvaqvs saqme
da ara sabrZolo xasiaTis nawarmoebTan. Yyuradrebas iqcevs ferxulisa
da misi solistis sacekvao leqsika da zogadad cekvis kompozicia,
romelic gansxvavdeba sabrZolo xasiaTis `xorumisagan~, radgan
sabrZolo da satrfialo qoreografias SeuZlebelia identuri
gamomsaxveloba axasiaTebdes.Ggarda amisa, rogorc vaniliSi miuTiTebs,
„neli xmiT~ mRera liriul xasiaTs gulisxmobs, rac sabrZolo xasiaTis
xorumisTvis sruliad Seusabamod da ucxod meCveneba.vfiqrob, avtori, am
SemTxvevaSi, xorums, rogorc ferxulis zogad saxelwodebas gulisxmobs
da Semdeg agrZelebs:,,cekva ,,mxujiSi~ (mxaris) lazuri xorumis meore
saxeobaa. igi Cveulebrivisagan (CveulebrivSi romels gulisxmobs _ mis
mierve aRwerils Tu sabrZolo xasiaTis „xorums~, ar Cans. savaraudod
erTsarTulians-x.d.) imiT gansxvavdeba, rom ileTebi fexis dabla
srialiT keTdeba, radgan TviTeuli mocekvavis mxarze dgas meore
mocekvave. mxarze Semdgarni xelebis erTmaneTze gadabmiT icaven
wonasworobas, amave dros sxva mocekvaveebs erTgvarad boWaven _
arTmeven ileTebis Tavisuflad Sesrulebis saSualebas.
Aamitom ileTidan ileTze gadasvla xdeba tanis Tanabari moZraobiT.
lazuri xorumis calkeuli ileTi gamoxatavs naosnobas, rasac lazebi
yvelaze ufro misdeven, xolo simRerebi siyvarulsa da amasTan
dakavSirebul sevdas~147. rogorc vxedavT, lazuri xorumis `meore
saxeoba~ „mxujiSi~ (mxaris) saxelwodebiT orsarTulian ferxuls
warmoadgens.
m. vaniliSis naSromSi, „lazeTi~, daculi informacia xorumis
Sesaxeb Zalze sainteresoa im TvalsazrisiT, rom xorumi ara mxolod
sabrZolo xasiaTis, satrfialo xasiaTisac yofila, aseve axasiaTebda
moZraobebi, romlebic naosnobis processac asaxavda.
sazRvao saqmesTan dakavSirebul qoreografiaze cnobas vxvdebiT
saeqspedicio masalebSi (1958-1960): „lazuri masiuri cekva „lazefeS
oxoronu~ xorums waagavs da masSi sabrZolo xasiaTis garda, unda
147
iqve: gv. 133
67
Candes meTevzeTa da menaveTa saqmianobis gadmocemac ise, rogorc
,,xertelis nadi~ anu, pirobiTad, ,,qalTa gandagana~ (simReriT) mxolod
qalebis cekvaa da masSi qalebis nadze rTvis procesia gadmocemuli~148.
dResdReobiT „laz mebadurTa cekvis~ saxeliT cnobili qoreografiuli
kompozicia saeWvoa avTenturobis niSnebs atarebdes, radgan am cekvasTan
dakavSirebuli sacekvao leqsika ar Cans. Aamis Tqmis uflebas gvaZlevs
Semdegi: 1947 wels lazeTSi ganxorcielebuli eqspediciis Sedegad,
(enver xabaZe _ qoreografi, akaki quTaTelaZe _ musikosi, muhamed
vaniliSi _ aWaris xelovnebis sammarTvelis ufrosi) qoreografma, enver
xabaZem SeZlo moeZiebina lazuri cekvis „ori Tu sami moZraoba-ileTi~149
da Seeqmna axali cekva. Mmanaqcenti lazebSi farTod gavrcelebul
saqmianobaze _ TevzWeraze gaakeTa. ikvlevda naosnobasa da TevzaobasTan
dakavSirebul eTnografiul, folklorul masalebs. sabolood SeiZleba
iTqvas, rom `laz meTevzeTa cekva~ ZiriTadad avtori-qoreografis mier
Seqmnili nawarmoebia. avTenturi masalis simciris gamo, rogorc avtori
ambobs: `cekvaSi Sevitane Cemive Seqmnili sruliad axali ileTebi,
romlebic gamoxatavdnen: navis wayvanas, zRvaSi saTevzao badis srolas,
Tevzis Weras da sxva. aseve am cekvaSi Seviyvane mocekvave qalTa
jgufi~150. zRvaSi gasul mebadurTa molodinSi isini qsoven saTevzao
bades, xolo meTevzeTa dabrunebis Semdeg iwyeboda zeimi da lxini.
kidev erTi cnoba ,,xorumis~ Sesaxeb, romelsac ,,satrfialo cekvebi
Turqeთis qarთul mosaxleobaSi~ vkiTxulobT:,,Cveni yuradReba miiqcia
xorumma.Mmisi TiToeuli ileTi sruldeba mocekvaveTa grZnobebis
emociuri gamoxatvis fonze. amave dros SeuZlebelia ver SevniSnoT
qarTvelTa istoriuli bediT ganpirobebuli tkivili da uzarmazari
sevda, rac aSkarad gamoixateba TiToeuli mocekvavis gamometyvelebaSi.
cekva sruldeba Sesabamisi JestikulaciiT da azartuli SeZaxilebiT:
,,miscxe-moscxe,~ ,,modi gadatydi,~ ,,ianze _ ganze~ da a.S.
xorumi zogjer sruldeba simRerasTan erTad:
,,SamSalaxo Salaxo, moglejilo balaxo,
148
inaiSvili a., noRaideli j., CxikvaZe gr., masalebi aWaruli musikaluri folkloridan ,
saq. Mmecn. Aakad., Tb., 1961, გვ. 5
149
komaxiZe T., aWaraSi qarTuli sacekvao folkloris ganviTarebis istoria,àWara,~
baTumi, 2001, gv. 31.
150
iqve: gv. 32.
68
TeTri kaba gacvia, baÃal ar gaatalaxo.
Ddrodadro xdeba Camuxleba, romelsac iqaurebi `buqnas~ eZaxian~151.
(leqsis sruli teqsti ix. teqsti 5).
saerTod xorumi ferxulis zogadi saxeli unda iyos, vidre
romelime konkretuli sacekvao nimuSis saxelwodeba,radgan masSi
erTiandeba rogorc satrfialo, nadis dros Sesasrulebeli, meTevzeTa
saqmianobis amsaxveli da sxva Sinaarsisa da siuJetis Semcveli gunduri
cekvis variantebi.TvalSisacemia erTi detali: lazur-SavSur xoronebs
xSirad sruli sinkretizmi axasiaTebT da ar Seicaven sabrZolo
moZraobebis amsaxvel ileTebs, Wibonis TanxlebiT Sesrulebuli
xoronebisgan gansxvavebiT, sadac mxolod sakravieri musika da
qoreografia figurirebs. aseTebia: ùCa biWi~,`wule bozo~, ,,Tolimoni~,
,,SamSalaxo Salaxo~.
rogorc istoriul-eTnografiuli masalidan Cans, lazeTsa da
SavSeTSi, iqneboda es dResaswaulebi Tu sasoflo-sameurneo SromiTi
procesebi, zogadad cekva sakmaod popularuli yofila. uaRresad
mniSvnelovania mkvlevarebis Tamaz futkaraZisa da marina Salikavas mier
ramdenime wlis win Sesrulebuli statia ,,satrfialo cekvebi TurqeTis
qarTul mosaxleobaSi.~statiaSi aRwerilia SavSebiT dasaxlebul sofel
bazgireTSi SemorCenili sacekvao nimuSebi, CamoTvlilia maTi
saxelwodebebi da rac mTavaria mokle anotaciebic axlavs:
,,Semorbenilaჲ~ sruldeba swrafi moZraobiT. BbaÃala (gogo) garbis,
RarWi (biWi) ,,efecxeba,~ daeweva, Serigdebian da icekveben.
,,darTulaჲ~ _ gogo narTs arTavs, vaJs surs siyvarulis axsna da qalis
yuradRebis misaqcevad iyureba sarkeSi, ivarcxnis Tmebs, magram qali mis
mimarT araviTar interess ar amJRavnebs. sasowarkveTili vaJi cudad
xdeba da Zirs daecema. Ggogos guli dawydeba. vaJs Seurigdeba da ,,erTad
isameben~ (icekveben).
,,xelgaSlilaჲ~ _ cekvobs ori gogo mandiliT xelSi. cekvis
damTavrebisas gogonebi mandils ,,maT rCeuls gaakraven.~ vaJebi mocekvave
151
futkaraZe T., Salikava m., satrfialo cekvebi TurqeTis qarTul mosaxleobaSi , S.
kvleviTi centri, baTumi, 2009, (krebuli VI), gv. 118.
69
gogonebs aZleven fuls an raime nivTiT asaCuqreben. xelgaSlili
irgvliv Semouvlian gogonebs da cekvaven~152.
n. marTan da l. gvaramaZesTan ,,xelgaSlilas~ sxvagvari saxe aqvs. n.
mari ,,xelgaSlilas~ `yarSibers~ uwodebs. rogorc Cans, cekvam moiSora
erotikulobis Semcveli detalebi da DdRevandeli saxiT, rogorc
satrfialo, Camoyalibda.
,,bazgirulaჲ~ _ sruldeba simRera Sesabamisi JestikulaciiT:
,,daba da bazgireTi, zemodan zaqieTi.
ori dRea aRar var, momsurda bazgireTi,
sidevri bazgireli, modi CamarTvi xeli,
sicocxleSi viaroT, janjiri bazgireTi~153.
ramaz xalvaSic, statiaSi, ,,imerxeuli folklori~, analogiuri
saxelwodebebiT da, aseve analogiuri aRwerilobiT, mxolod
informatoris adgilobrivi dialeqtis gamoyenebiT, gvawvdis masalas
imerxeuli cekvebis Sesaxeb, amatebs mxolod erTs, romelsac
,,gazromilaჲ~-s uwodebs: ,,bazgireTSi qorwils daveswariT, romelSic
ramdenime qarTuli cekva Seasrules. ori wyvili arian, am biWs imis gogo
mowons da imas-amis. Mmere gaZrebian da gamoZrebian: biWebi erTad gavlen,
gogoebi-calke. bolos, romelic mowons, imas moibams, imasTan
icekveben~154.
eTnomusikologi g. kraveiSvili uaRresad sayuradRebo informacias
afiqsirebs Tavis sabakalavRo naSromSi, ,,lazuri xalxuri musikis
eTnografiuli da musikalur-Teoriuli aspeqtebi.~ mis mier mocemuli
aRweriloba metad mniSvnelovania im TvalsazrisiTac, rom mas,samecniero
eqspediciis dros,uSualo urTierToba hqonda informatorTan: ,,cekvebis
Sesaxeb sakmaod sagulisxmo cnobebs gvawvdis qalbatoni nazi memiSiSi:
,,koCari~ somxuri ki ara lazuria. somxebs lazebidan bevri ram aqvT
gadaRebuli. somxebis cekva ,,koCari~ sul sxvaa da Cveni sul sxva....
aWaruli ,,gandagana~ lazebidana warmoSobili. ,,xoroni~ lazuri sityvaa
152
futkaraZe T., Salikava m., satrfialo cekvebi TurqeTis qarTul mosaxleobaSi, SoTa
kvleviTi centri, baTumi, 2009, (krebuli VI), gv. 117.
153
iqve: gv. 117.
154
xalvaSi r., imerxeuli folklori (sofeli bazgireTi),S. rusTavelis saxelmwifo
universiteti. samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos samecniero-kvleviTi centri, (krebuli V)
baTumi, 2007, gv. 310.
70
da cekvas niSnavs. ,,yolsxapua~ kalias cekvas niSnavs da ,,gandagana~
swored kaliis cekvaa. ,,yolsama~ aWarlebs damaxinjebuli aqvT da igi
ZirZveli lazuri cekvaa. dRes rasac lazur cekvas uwodeben, masSi
areulia lazuri, Turquli, qurTuli da RmerTma uwyis kidev ra~155.
srulad veTanxmebi nazi memiSiSs, rom dRevandeli lazuri cekva da
zogadad samxreT dasavleTi saqarTvelo (dakargul teritoriasac, am
SemTxvevaSi, rogorc saqarTvelos nawils movixsenebT) ramdenime eTnosis
gavlenas ganicdis. am CamonaTvals berZnulic avsebs da, SeiZleba
iTqvas, lomis wili miuZRvis.
informatori waTe bawaSi g. kraveiSvilTan saubrisas CamoTvlis
lazur cekvebs da SeniSnavs, rom maTi umravlesoba ,,kompilaciaa~:
,,faTqala,~ ,,magidaze sacekvi horoni,~ ,,zeinebis cekva,~ ,,kulani CiCqu-
CiCqu.~ naSromSi aseve naxsenebia ,,qurT xorumi,~ romelic Wililze
damkvrelma vaxtang xoroiSvilma Seasrula. Mmas ,,lazuri xorumi~ uwoda:
,,xelixelCakidebuli rom aris, imis melodiaa. ,,xorums~ qali-kaci
cekvavda erTad mxrebze xelebgadakidebuli. Amas ,,qurT-xorums~ veZaxdiT.
am musikas ,,xorumze~ daabamdnen da Tu Sairebi icodnen, amaze mRerodnen
kidec. simReras musikosica da mocekvavec imRerebso~156. aq `qurT-xorumi~
qalebisa da mamakacebis Sereuli SemadgenlobiT Cans.
ilia abduliSis gadmocemiT ferxul, ,,ela, qomoxdi, ela~, lazuri
iyo da wriuli forma hqonda. rasac ,,xorums~ uwodebdnen da
SemsrulebelTa Sereuli saxiT xasiaTdeba, e. i. qalebi da kacebi erTad
cekvavdnen. ,,aseve cekviT sruldeba ,,feluka ieqeloni~ da ,,rakanis moT
gelaxe~157.
amgvarad, daskvnis saxiT SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom lazur-SavSuri
sacekvao dialeqti qarTuli xalxuri Semoqmedebis ganStoebaa. misi
istoriulad ganpirobebuli viTarebis miuxedavad masTan mWidrod aris
dakavSirebuli.mkvlevarebis, k. koxis, o. spenseris da n. maris, mxatvris e.
lanseres, istoriul-dokumenturi masala TurqeTis mxares moqceuli
lazur-SavSuri sacekvao xelovnebis Sesaxeb, cekvebis CamonaTvali da
aRwerilobebi, cnobebi profesionali msaxiobebis Sesaxeb, fasdaudebeli
155
kraveiSvili g. ,lazuri xalxuri musikis eTnografiuli da musikalur-Teoriuli
aspeqtebi, sabakalavro naSromi, Tb. 2011, Ggv. 110
156
iqve: Ggv. 110
157
iqve: Ggv. 110
71
informaciis Semcvelia qarTuli sacekvao dialeqtebis kvlevisaTvis.
terminebis, òbiru~, òtraRodu~, `traRodumani~, `xoroni,~ etimologia,
vfiqrob, analitikur-SedarebiTi kvlevis safuZvelze, dadgenilia.
mravalricxovan istoriografiul cnabaze dayrdnobiT, xelT gvaqvs
aRniSnuli dialeqtis mravali sacekvao nimuSi, romelTa qarTuli
warmomavlobis sakiTxisxva sacekvao dialeqtebTan urTierTmimarTebis
procesSi met sicxades SeiZens.
megruli sacekvao dialeqti

samegrelo, iseve rogorc saqarTvelos sxva kuTxeebi, daxunZlulia
rogorc sakulto-religiuri, asevve xalxuri, aw ukve
sayofacxovrebodqceuli ritualebiT. Uuamrav ritualTa Soris Cveni
yuradReba miiqcia, im qmedebebma, romlebic qoreografias Seicaven.
naSromSi motanili istoriul-eTnografiuli aRwerilobiTi masala,
eyrdnoba v. tepcovis, s. makalaTias, T. saxokias, d. megrelis, a.
lambertis, J. Sardenis, J. gambas, i. javaxiSvilis, d. janeliZis, l.
gvaramaZis, a. TaTaraZis da sxvaTa samecniero kvlevebsa da
literaturul Canaxatebs.
sazogadod, Cvenamde moRweul megrul xalxur qoreografias
saxumaro, liriuli, msubuqi, gaSairebis xasiaTi aqvs: ,,Caguna~, ,,voisa~,
,,arira~/,,warTmevia~, ,,jansulo~, ,,Zabra~.,,Cagunas~, jansulosa~ da ,,Zabras~
wrisSigniTa moTamaSis arseboba axasiaTebs da erTgvar qoreografiul
speqtakls hgavs. ,,arira~ anu ,,warTmevia~ (`warTmevia~158 _ es termini l.
gvaramaZis garda arsad Semxvedria) ki cekva ,,qarTulis~ megruli
variantia.
Tavdapirvelad yuradrebas gavamaxvilebT uZveles sakralur-
ritualur qmedebebze, romlebic srulad Tu ara, nawilobriv mainc
Semoinaxes Tavi an maT SesaxebqarTul samecniero Tu publicistur
literaturaSi istoriul-eTnografiuli cnobebi moipoveba.
uaRresad saintereso cnobas vxvdebiT megruli sakulto-sakralur
qmedebaTa Soris ritualis _ cekviT suliT avadmyofTa erTgvari
158
xalxuri Semoqmedebisa da kulturis centri, me-2 gamocema, Tb., 1997, gv. 157.
72
mkurnalobis, Sesaxeb. es rituali afxazeTSic icodnen àtlarCobis~
saxelwodebiT, samegreloSi ki ,,atleCobis~ saxeliTaa cnobili. ,,Tu
avadmyofi Sepyrobili iyo ,,JiniSi laxarTi~ da bneda mosdioda, maSin mas
,,atleCobas~ aTamaSebdnen. Ddaukravdnen taSs da ityodnen: ,,atleCoba
Temur yvara, RoronTq meCas muS moxvara gevdirTaTo qovsxapaTo aw
miRuna Cqi moxvarao~ (,,atleCoba Temur yvara, RmerTma misces Tavis
Svela, avdgeT, vicekvoT, aw gveqneba Cven daxmarebao~). avadmyofi am dros
daxtis, fexebs gausvams da TamaSobs~159.avadmyofi wminda giorgis
saxelobis iloris eklesiis karze mihyavdaT.am sakiTxs megrul da
afxazur dialeqtTa urTierTmimarTebaSi ganvavrcobT.
saweso-ritualur qmedebaTagan gansakuTrebulad sainteresod
miviCnie ,,Terdoba~ _ `Tevdoroba~. ,,Terdoba~ cxenisadmi miZRvnili
ritualia da mas wm. Tedores saxelobis Zvel samlocveloSi
asrulebdnen. naaRdgomevs, axal orSabaTs, modiodnen mlocvelebi
SesawiravebiT da SesTxovdnen wm. Tevdores cxenebis gamravlebas:
,,saRamos cxenis qandakebasa da kverebs xonCaze daalagebdnen, iqve savse
WiqiT Rvinos moaTavsebdnen da garSemo xonCas anTebul sanTlebs
miakravdnen. xonCasTan pirvelad mividoda ojaxis ufrosi mamakaci da igi
Seevedreboda wm. Tedores cxenis gamravlebas da maT dacvas qurdebisa
da nadirisagan. Semdeg igi zurgze xelebdakrefili, WixviniTa da
wixlebis sroliT daixreboda cxenis qandakebaze, mokbeCda mis romelime
nawils da WixviniTa da wixlebis cemiT ukanve gamobrundeboda. Mmas
mihyvebodnen ojaxis wevrebi, ufros-umcrosobis mixedviT mividodnen
cxenis qandakebasTan da WixviniTa da wixlebis cemiT igive moqmedebas
Seasrulebdnen.~160
rogorc vxedavT, aRwerili masala warmoadgens dasrulebul
dramatul-qoreografiul qmedebas, gamoxatuls saweso ritualis saxiT.
aseve, sainteresoa plastika da moZraobaTa leqsika, romelic
SesaZlebeli iyo saukuneebs miRma megrel glexs misi
warmosaxvisdakvalad aemetyvelebina. cxenis qrolva da misi
moZraobebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli plastika qarTul sasceno
159
makalaTia s.,samegrelos istoria da eTnografia, saq. mxareTmcodneobis saz., Tb., 1941,
axali gamocema, gv. 351.
160
iqve: gv. 311.
73
qoreografiaSi dResac figurirebs. magaliTad, cekva `mxedruli~,
romelic sasceno xalxuri qoreografiis TvalsaCino nimuSia daafxazuri
àCu, aCu~ folkloruli Ziridan momdinareobs.
XVII saukunis cnobilma frangma mogzaurma Jan Sardenma
saqarTvelosa da kerZod samegrelos kulturuli mdgomareobis Sesaxeb
metad mniSvnelovani cnobebi Sekriba. misi Txzuleba faseulia im
TvalsazrisiTac, rom avtori aRwerilis TviTmxilvelia. misive
gadmocemiT, aRdgomis meore dRes, orSabaTs, megrelebi sazeimod
ikribebodnen da micvalebulTa dRes dღesaswaulobdnen. saeklesio
ritualis Sesrulebis Semdgom, eklesiis win, mindorSi, iSleba sufra,
ris Semdegac `saRamos erTi ubnis qalebi SeRamebamde erTad cekvaven da
mRerian TavianTeburad~161. miuxedavad imisa, rom Sardeni sagangebod
amaxvilebs yuradRebas detalze _ cekvas qalebi asrulebdnen, erTad
cekvven da Tan mRerian _ cnoba mainc mwiria. sainteresoa, ra saxis cekva
Tu ferxuli sruldeboda mxolod qalTa SesrulebiT. Cvenamde qalTa
megruli ferxuli arc erTi ar aris SemorCenili.
uarResad saintereso cnobas gvawvdis XVII saukunis italieli
mogzauri don juzepe judiCe milaneli, samegreloSi arsebul saeklesio
dResaswaulTa Sesaxeb, asaxelebs ra sams yvelaze mniSvnelovans maT
Soris: pirvelad aRdgomis meore dRes gardacvlilTaTvis gankuTvnils
miiCnevs (zemoT, Sardenis mier aRwerili-x.d.), meore, misi azriT, aris
samegrelos mTavris, dadianis, sicocxlisa da janmrTelobisadmi
miZRvnili dResaswauli, mesame ki mariamoba, maraSinobis saxelwodebiT,
romelic pirveli agvistodan uwmindesi qalwulis amaRlebamde
grZeldeba: `gareT gamodian rogorc kacebi, ise qalebi da SuaRamemde
mRerian. ojaxis Tvalyuris mgdeblad moxucebs stovebdnen.
gamxiarulebulni erTad cekvaven rokans, ockums (Rochans, Otchums) anu
cekvisa da Wamis dro. yovel saRamos ase mxiarulebas ganagrZoben~162.
rokani gverdis bolos, sqolioSi ganmartebuli aris rogorc rokva,
ockumi ki _ oWkomali, qarTulad saWmeli. yuradReba miiqcia cekvis
Zvelma saxelwodebam rokvam, romalic italielma misionerma `rokan~-is
161
Sardenis mogzauroba sparseTsa da aRmosavleTis sxva qveynebSi , (red. s. yauxCiSvili),
`mecniereba~, Tb., 1975, gv. 193.
162
judiCe j.,werilebi saqarTveloze XVII saukune, sabW. saqarTvelo, Tb., 1964, gv. 96.
74
saxiT Semogvinaxa. rogorc Cans, termini rokva, mTel saqarTveloSi, maT
Soris samegreloSi, sadac cekvis megruli Sesatyvisic gaaCnia, farTod
iyo gavrcelebuli da xmarebaSi miRebuli. Tumca, aq cekvis zogadi
saxeliT ki ara, cekvis garkveuli saxeobis mniSvnelobis matareblad
gvevlineba, radgan judiCe ambobs `cekvaven rokans~. samwuxarod, sxva
ganmarteba amonarids ar axlavs. gaurkvevelia, `rokanSi~ romel cekvas
gulisxmobs avtori. frazebi `cekvisa da Wamis dro~ da `cekvaven rokans,
ockums,~ met konkretikas saWiroeben, radgan `rokanisagan~gansxvavebiT,
òckums~ (saWmeli) ver icekveb.savaraudod,aq ubralod saubaria nadimze,
romelsac Tan sdevda garToba cekvis saxiT.
cnobilia, rom megrelebma gvalvis sawinaaRmdego ritualic
icodnen, mxolod aq mas ,,ZiZavas~ uwodebdnen. am ritualSic, iseve,
rogorc saqarTvelos sxva kuTxeebSi, Tojinis, saxelwodebiT `ZiZava~,
morTva-mokazmvisa da mdinarisken masobrivi msvlelobis Semdeg, misi
wyalSi Cagdeba iyo gaTvaliswinebuli. am saweso qmedebasac xalxuri
sakravebiTa da cekva-TamaSiT mxiaruli msvleloba axlda Tan.
samegreloSi, aseve scodniaT `yeenobis~ gamarTvac. magaliTad
zugdidSi, foTSi, senakSi `yeenobas~ awyobdnen yvelieris dasasruls,
didmarxvis pirvel orSabaTs. morTul-mokazmuli yeeni da dedofali, anu
`moWyudu~, virebze Semsxdarni, xmlebiT an joxebiT SeiareRebul
mcvelebTan erTad, niRbebiT asrulebdnen igive sanaxaobas, rac saerTod
yeenobas axasiaTebs. bolos imarTeboda cekva-TamaSi da mxiaruleba.
samegreloSi, aseve imarTeboda taxberikuli sanaxaobis, `TuRvintes~,
TamaSoba, romelic daTo-berikuli ciklis saxesxvaobas unda
warmoadgendes. `TuRvinteSi~ monawileobas iRebdnen Tavad TuRvinte _
taxis niRbiT, misi mSoblebi _ ded-mama, mefe, mefis asuli, mefis xuTi
siZe da meferxuleebi. misteria oTxi nawilisgan Sedgeba da ganviTarebad
siuJetur fabulazea agebuli. siuJets ZiriTadad personaJebi aviTareben,
ferxuls damatebiTi roli akisria, romelic ZiriTadad moqmedebis
gamZafrebaSi mdgomareobs.
Yyurdrebas ipyrobs dReoba `Wveniereba~, romlis Sesaxeb 1870 wlis
gazeT `droebis~ 4 maisis nomerSi gamoqveynebuli d. barnabiSvilis
werili, èrTi warmarTuli dResaswauli samegreloSi~, gvamcnobs 20
aprils, orSabaT dRes, sofel banZaSi gamarTuli saxalxo dResaswaulis
75
`Wvenierebis~ Sesaxeb, romlis (terminis) azrobrivi mniSvneloba CvenTvis
ucnobia. `Semdeg Segroebuli xalxi gaiyo ramdensame nawilaT da TiTo
nawili calke TamaSobda. xan gaabamdnen ferxulsa, ferxulSi iyvnen
rogoraTac kacni, egreTve qalni da sami mxriT imRerdnen; xan
dahkravdnen dairas, dairazed taSsa da cekvavdnen qal-kacni (aq ufro
saqarTvelos sxva nawilebze qalni da kacni erTaT TamaSoben, cal-calke
TamaSi maTSi qalisa anu kacisa iSviaTi aris). xan TavianT enazed
leqsebs mRerodnen, leqsebzed taSs ukravdnen da cekvavdnen qal-
kacni.~163(ix. megruli sacekvao dialeqti, danarTi1) `Wveniereba~
kirieleisonis galobiT gagrZelda da cxenosan-fexosanTa burTis
TamaSSi gadaizarda. Mმas xis fesvebianad amoZirkvamohyvada bolos
dResaswaulic xenis WenebiTa da jiriTiT dasrulda.
am mcire amonarididan ramdenime metad saintereso detalze
SegviZlia gavamaxviloT yuradReba, kerZod: erTdroulad cekvis
ramdenime kera warmoiqmna, romlebic damoukidebel sacekvao naxazs
qmnidnen; Caabes ferxuli, romelSic monawileobas iRebdnen rogorc
qalebi, aseve kacebi; cekvas gamRerebuli leqsi da musikaluri
instrumentebidan dairis xma erTvoda, aseve taSi aformebda; rac yvelaze
mTavaria, rogorc avtori aRniSnavs, aq kacis da qalis cel-calke
TamaSi, gansxvavebiT sxva kuTxeebisgan, iSviaTiao. es ki imis
mimaniSnebelia, rom samegreloSi ZiriTadad Sereuli saxis ferxulebi
da cekvebi sruldeboda.
rafiel erisTavi aRwerilobaSi samegrelos Sesaxeb, ayalibebs da
sagangebod aRwers im cekvebs, romlebic XIX saukunis
bolos,samegreloSi jer kidev arsebobda, xalxis yofaSi164. (ix. megruli
sacekvao dialeqti, danarTi 2).
rogorc vxedavT mwerlis mier gadmocemuli sanaxaoba tradiciuli
osxapue unda yofiliyo qal-vaJis `sxapviTa~ da `xujiSi osxapueTi~.
mwerlis mier aRwerili cekvis pirveli varianti, sadac qal-vaJi wyvilad
cekvavs, cekva `qarTulia~, romelsac dairisa da simReris akompanimenti
axlavs, meore ki megruli ferxuli, sadac ferxulis tempis
163
barnabiSvili d., erTi warmarTuli dResaswauli samegreloSi , gaz. `droeba~, 4 maisi,
1870, #20.
164
Эристави Р.,Путевыя записки по Мингрелiи,`Кавказская старина~№3, Тифлис, 1873, Стр. 75.
76
gaZlierebaze amaxvilebs yuradRebas. es tendencia sxva qarTuli
qoreografiuli dialeqtebis ferxulebisTvisac aris damaxasiaTebeli
(guria, raWa, svaneTi).
ferxulebi. miuxedavad imisa, rom ferxulTa warmoSobis mizezsa da
funqciur-daniSnulebiT xasiaTs saqarTvelos yvela kuTxeSi erTi
safuZveli aqvs, o. CijavaZe megruli ferxulebis gansxvavebulobasa da
ganumeoreblobaze amaxvilebs yuradRebas: `wesCveulebasTan dakavSirebiT
yuradRebas iqceven saferxulo wyobis simRerebi, romelTac didi adgili
ukaviaT xalxis yofaSi. megruli ferxulebi garkveulad gansxvavdebian
sxva kuTxeebis, kerZod svanuri, ferxulebisgan. samegreloSi SemorCenili
ferxulebi asaxaven ferxulis ganviTarebis im safexurs, rodesac wris
SigniTa moTamaSe àmetyvelda~165. aRsaniSnavia, rom megruli saferxulo
xalxuri qoreografia, dRevandeli dRis gadmosaxedidan, `jansulos~,
`Cagunas~, àrirasa~ da `Zabrales~ magaliTze, iumoristuli JanriT
ganisazRvreba, Tumca maT siRrmeebSi arqauli danaSrevi SeiniSneba,
razec qvemoT gavamaxvilebT yuradRebas. rac, aseve mniSvnelovania,
megruli sacekvao dialeqtisTvis, iqneba es ferxulebi, Tu dramatul-
qoreografiuli sanaxaobebi, damaxasiaTebelia wrisSigniTa moTamaSis
arseboba, romelic qmedebis siuJets Sinaarsis TxrobiT gadmoscems.
sanaxaoba qoreografiul speqtakls emsgavseba.
òxoxoia~. `mocekvaveni or jgufad iyofian. TiToeuli jgufi
xelCakidebulia da erTi maTgani Sairobs leqsiT, sxvebi ki mRerian. Oori
mxare erTmaneTs leqsaven, fexebis aTamaSebiT mopirdapireni
uaxlovdebian erTi meores da isev daSordebian. saqme gaSairebaSi
jobnazea, rac xSirad CxubiTa da ayal-mayaliT Tavdeboda~166.
aRwerilobidan Cans, rom òxoxoia~ xelCabmuli, ferxisuli wyobis
ferxulia, ferxisa moZravi da dinamiuria. mas srulad gamovlenili
sinkretizmi axasiaTebs: hyavs mTqmeli, romelic teqstiT Sairobs, gundi
mReris da, amave dros, moZraobs. ferxulis ori mxare erTmaneTs
ejibreba.
165
CijavaZe o., qarTuli xalxuri simRerebi, megruli, `xelovneba,~ Tb., 1974, gv. 12.
166
axali gamocema gv. 282.
77
„Caguna~ aris Zveli xalxuri simRera. masze sruldeba iumoristul-
komikuri xasiaTis masobrivi cekva wrisSigniTa protagonisti mocekvave-
SemsruleblebiTa da ferxuliT. Qqal-vaJis gaSaireba da Tavad Cagunas
pantomimuri cekva saxumaro xasiaTs atarebs. `Raribi, xami tanisamosiT
Semosili Caguna garSemomyofTa dacinvis obieqti gamxdara. Cagunas
megobrebi Sehpirdnen daxmarebas. dReobaze Snoianad Cacmuli Cagu
gamoCndeba. Mmas cekvaSi iwveven. qali cdilobs gaeqces. Cagu gzas ar
aZlevs. Caguna SeZlebs qalis gulis monadirebas, Cagu Seuyvardeba da
colad mihyveba. gunds moZaxilis Tqmis funqcia aqvs. „Caguna~ sruldeba
amave saxelwodebis simReris TanxlebiT, romelSic monawileobs moSaire
qal-vaJis wyvili da gundi. Mmusikaluri zoma 4/4-ia~167.aRwerilobidan
Cans, rom qalisa da mamakacis satrfialo xasiaTis cekvasTan gvaqvs saqme.
d. janeliZis „qarTuli Teatris istoriaSi~ ki aseTi cnobaa moyvanili
„Cagunas~ Sesaxeb: „Zvelad am simReras iwyebda erTi damwyebi, danarCenebi
eubnebodnen bans. amJamad ki samive xma erTad iwyebs da masTan cekvaSiac
momatebulia ori vaJi. „Caguna~ saxasiaTo simRera-cekvaa, romelic asaxavs
mwyemsi Cagunas Sexvedras Tavis sacolesTan.
„Cagunas~ dramaSi monawileoben saferxulo mwyobri, qali, ori
mocekvave vaJi da Caguna~168.
Cagunas sasceno varianti kiwi gegeWkorma Seqmna. masve daumuSavebia
rogorc musikalurad, aseve teqsturi TvalsazrisiT da 1918 wels
scenazec gaitana.
„Caguna~ samegrelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi sruldeboda, rac imas niSnavs,
rom arsebobda misi variantebi.
`harira~ (arira) sruldeba amave saxelwodebis samxmiani simRerisa da
dairis TanxlebiT, romlis musikaluri zomaa 4/4.
rogorc avTandil TaTaraZe ganmartavs, `harira cekva qarTulis
samegreloSi gavrcelebuli variantia~169. mas satrfialo xasiaTi aqvs,
Tumca axasiaTebs iseTi mTavari detali, rac cekva `qarTulisTvis~
misaRebi ar aris. kerZod, mocekvave partniorebis cvla, ris gamoc
167
TaTaraZe a., qarTul cekvaTa ganmartebani, „ganaTleba~, Tb., 1986, gv. 46.
168
janeliZe d., qarTuli Teatris istoria, `ganaTleba~, Tb., 1983, gv. 300.
169
TaTaraZe a., qarTuli xalxuri cekva, folkloris saxelmwifo centri, `jeolibro~,
Tb., 2010, gv. 168.
78
`hariras~ `warTmeviasac~ uwodeben. qal-vaJi, ipovian Tu ara xelsayrel
dros, uxtebian erTmaneTs cekvisas da arTmeven erTmaneTs
mewyviles.niSandoblivia, rom „hariraSi~ baRdads an Semkul burTs
iyeneben. baRdads an burTs haerSi aisrodnen, vinc daiWerda, cekvas
agrZelebda. ase rigrigobiT cekva yvelas mouwevda. avTandil TaTaraZis
ganmartebiT `warTmeviaSi mTlianad gamoyenebulia cekva `qarTulis~
teqnologiuri masala~170.
l. gvaramaZe àriras~ winamorbedad òsxapues~ miiCnevs, mxolod im
mizezis gamo, rom ferxulSi sasimRero partiebis `CamorTmevas~ aqvs
adgili. Tu lili gvaramaZisaTvis òsxapue~ àriras~ winamorbedi,
terminebis_ `warTmeviasa~ da `CamorTmevas~ _ identurobis gamo xdeba,
igive orpirulia ,,oxoxoiac~, aqac CamorTmevas aqvs adgili da iqneb
,,ariras~ winamorbedi ,,oxoxoiaa~? qvemoTaRwerili termini `giwoRalac~
TargmanSi `CamorTmevas~ niSnavs. vfiqrob, Sedareba mTlad upriani ar
unda iyos, miT umetes, rom ferxul òsxapues~ Sesaxeb yvelaze
srulyofili da mravaljeradi aRweriloba mogvepoveba.
s. makalaTia aRniSnavs, rom `cekvebSi miRebuli iyo afxazuri
lekuri, romelSiac mTavari iyo fexebis wveris ostaturi aTamaSeba,
Semovlis simarde da moTamaSe qalisaTvis gzebis gadaRobva da sxv.
cekvis dros ukravdnen larWems, Congurs da, aseve gogrisagan gakeTebul
Wianurs, romelzedac cxenis Zua iyo gabmuli. gavrcelebuli iyo agreTve
dairaze da garmonze dakvrac~171. aRwerilobidan SegviZlia vivaraudoT,
mecnieri àriras~ msgavs cekvas gadmogvcems, Tumca àriras~ ar uwodebs.
sxapvas, anu megrul-afxazur TamaSs uwodebs giorgi wereTeli qal-vaJis
cekvas, romelic man romanSi, `pirveli nabiji~, aRwera. igi aRwers
foTSi, XIX saukunis 80-iani wlebis bolos, sapirvelmaisod gamarTul
tradiciul dResaswauls: `musika, daira, harmonica, dafa-zurna, megrul-
guruli simRerebi, cekva-TamaSi da xandaxan Tofis srolac acocxlebda
im aremares~172. aq yuradRebas iqcevs instrumenTTa CamonaTvali da
geografiuli siaxloviT gamowveuli dialeqturi urTierTmimarTeba
170
iqve: gv. 168.
171
makalaTia s.,samegrelos istoria da eTnografia, saq. mxareTmcodneobis saz., Tb.,
axali gamocema,gv. 280.
172
wereTeli g., pirveli nabiji, `nakaduli~, Tb., 1988, gv. 45.
79
simRerebTan dakavSirebiT. Tumca qoreografiasTan dakavSirebiT megrul-
gurul sacekvao dialeqtTa urTierTmimarTeba arc Tu xelSesaxebia.
iqve, meore abzacSi, aRwerilia harmonikisa da dairis TanxlebiT,
romlebzedac qalebi ukravdnen, wyvilis _ qal-vaJis _ cekva. (ix. megruli
Gg. wereTlis nawarmoebSi mocemulia aseve mocekvave qal-vaJis
tanCacmulobis aRweriloba, rac metad sainteresod migvaCnia, magram
mwerlis mier gadmocemuli cekvis scena CvenTvis gansakuTrebul
mniSvnelobas iZens, radgan igi faqtobrivad artefaqts warmoadgens.
cekva `lekurTan~ dakavSirebiTac dutu megrelic gvawvdis cnobebs173: (ix.
megruli sacekvao dialeqti, danarTi 4).
Aam mcire amonaridis safuZvelze vaskvniT, rom samegreloSic cekva
`qarTuls~ `lekuris~ saxelwodebiT icnobdnen, qal-vaJi dairisa da
simReris, `re-ro-raSa~, TanxlebiT cekvavda. rogorc ukve vTqviT,
samegreloSi cekva `qarTulis~ analogiur cekvas `hariras~ uwodebdnen,
avtori ki `lekuriT~ moixseniebs. xalxis TavSeyris adgilas, sadac
xalxSi Rrmad fesvgamdgar wes-Cveulebebs asruleben, `hariras~ magivrad
axalgazrdebi `lekurs~ cekvaven. dutu megreli zogadqarTul termins
xmarobs (`lekur~-`hariras~ dialeqturi saxelwodeba aris `sxapva~).
asevea `mxarulTan~ dakavSirebiTac, rodesac mas `ferxisad~ moixsenebs.
ara Tu `ferxisa~, termini `kuCxiSic~ ki arsad Segvxvedria, miuxedavad
imisa, rom `kuCxa~ megrulad `fexs~ niSnavs. rogorc Cans, aq mxolod
avtoris mier cekvebis saxelwodebebTan dakavSirebiT subieqtur
damokidebulebas aqvs adgili.
`Carirama~. mTel samegreloSi gavrcelebuli iyo sacekvao-salaRobo
leqsi `Carirama~, romelsac didi sasoflo Tavyrilobebis dros
asrulebdnen. apolon canava mas sacekvao-saferxulo simReris klasikur
nimuSad miiCnevs da mis erT-erT variantad `voisa radas~ Tvlis. aseve
aRniSnavs, rom ìgi, umTavresad, jarobis dros sruldeboda da
sruldeba dResac. aseT koleqtiur Sesakreb adgils samegreloSi
òsxapues~ (sacekvaos) uwodeben~174.
173
megreli d., sacodavni, gaz. ìveria~, #91, 1888.
174
canava ap., qarTuli folkloris sakiTxebi, Tbilisis un-is gamomc., Tb., 1990, gv. 246.
80
`jansulo~ komikuri xasiaTis saferxulo simReraa, romelsac `Cagunas~
msgavsad, protagonisti Semsrulebeli da ferxuli warmoadgens.
`megruli cekva-TamaSi, `jansulo~, sruldeba simReris TanxlebiT, sadac
simReris teqsts mTlianad erTi momReral-moTamaSe mReris, gundi ki
mxolod SeZaxiliT _ `jansulo~-Ti kmayofildeba.~175
l. gvaramaZe `jansulos~ `Zabrales~ momdevno saxecvlilebad Tvlis.
misi azriT `jansulo~ `Zabrales~ sasceno saxea. dResdReobiT `Zabrale~
da `jansulo~, miuxedavad maTi siuJeturi qargis msgavsebisa,
gansxvavebul musikalur, teqstuur da qoreografiul leqsikaze agebuli
nawarmoebebia. `jansulos~ xSirad àrira~ mosdevs da mkveTrad
gamoxatuli iumoristuli xasiaTiT gamoirCeva. lili gvaramaZis
mtkicebulebas `Zabras~ pirveladobisa da `jansulos~ meoreulobis
Sesaxeb amyarebs musikosisa da mkvlevaris, kalistrate samuSias versia,
sadac is `jansulos~ `Zabrales~ variantul saxesxvaobad ganixilavs,
sadac gundurma cekvam solo Semsrulebels dauTmo adgili. `jansulos~
Zabrales~ wabaZviT Seqmnilad, Tavis Tanamedroved Tvlis da mis pirvel
Semsrulebelsac, doment kitias, asaxelebs176.
`Zabrale~. megruli sacekvao folkloruli nimuSebidan `Zabrale~ erT-
erTia, romelmac srulyofilad Semoinaxa Tavi. `Zabrales~ ramdenime
saxeobaa SemorCenili. 1. `Zabrale~ protagonistiT _ misi sasceno saxe
saxumaro xasiaTs atarebs, Tumca mecnierebi mis siZvelezec amaxvileben
yuradrebas. d janeliZe, l. gvaramaZe `ZabraleSi~ keTilisa da borotis
dapirispirebis, sikeTis gamarjvebis motivsac xedaven, romlis Semomqmedi
wrisSigniTa pantomimuri rolis Semsrulebeli `gmiria~. kalistrate
samuSia `Zabralesa~ da `jansulos~ saritualo simRerebis jgufs
miakuTvnebs da xazs usvams maTi Sinaarsis identurobas. igi dazustebiT
gansazRvravs maTi Catarebis drosa da adgils _ eliobisa da mariamobis
dResaswaulebTan dakavSirebuli saxioba imarTeboda wm. eliasa da
mariamobis wina RamiT. avsulebisa da kudianebis dasafrTxobad anTebuli
cecxli iyo im sivrcis epicentri, romlis garSemoc xalxi Tavs iyrida
da `Zabrale~ sruldeboda. mkvlevari gvaZlevs aseve terminis
ganmartebas: `misi Zireuli saxelwodeba `Z/v/abra re~ unda iyos, rac
175
176
samuSia k., Zveli kolxuri (megruli) leqs-simRerebi, ègrisis macne~, Tb.. 2001, gv. 21.
81
megrulad muxanaTs niSnavs, es leqsi saferxulo cekvis misamReri unda
yofiliyo da gamoxatavda tyidan movardnili alqajis Zvabras/muxanaTis
_ boroti sulis Tavdasxmis molodinSi, mis winaaRmdeg SurisgebiT
amoqmedebuli adamianis sabrZolo ganwyobilebas. droTa ganmavlobaSi,
mecnierebis ganviTarebasTan erTad, legendarul warmodgenebsac
gamoecvala Sinaarsi da `Z/v/abra re~ saxelmac forma _ Zabrale miiRo,
xolo muxanaTis, avsulis winaaRmdeg mebrZolma gmirma, _ masxaras
mniSvneloba~177.
`Zabrales~ protagonistian variants gvawvdis Zuku lolua, sadac
monawileebi qmnian wres. wridan gamoeyofa erTi Semsrulebeli, romelic
wris SuaSi ikavebs adgils178. (ix. megruli sacekvao dialeqti, danarTi 5.)
Zuku loluas aRwerilobaSi ar Cans, magram radgan is Tavad
`Zabrales~ mklavebgadadebul cekvebs Soris mesame nomrad asaxelebs,
Tavdapirvelad wre swored am saxiT unda yofiliyo Sekruli.
`Zabrales~ me-2 variantia protagonistis gareSe, romelic ufro Zvel
variants unda warmoadgendes. `Zabrales~ amgvar nimuSs sergi makalaTia
mxolod ramdenime winadadebiT exeba: `jgufur sacekvaoebSi icodnen
`Zavrale~. dadgeboda ori xeli-xeli Cakidebuli jgufi, TamaSobdnen
ferxuliviT da Tan mRerodnen Zavrale, Zavraleo da sxv~179. rogorc
vxedavT s. makalaTias cnoba `Zabrales~ saferxulo variants gvacnobs,
sadac wrisSigniTa moTamaSe ar Cans. aq momReralic da mocekvavec
gundia. aseTivea dutu megrelis mier aRwerili `mxarulis~ pirveli
nawili, sadac orpirul ferxulSi gundis naxevari `hooi,
Zabra~_pasuxobs. (ix. qvemoT)
avTandil TaTaraZisTvisac nacnobia `Zabrale~ solistis gareSe:
`ferxuli `Zabrale’’ sruldeboda ferxuls SigniT moTamaSeTa gareSec,
romlis drosac ferxulis erTi naxevari simReriT teqsts ambobda. meore
naxevari ki moZaxil `hoi, Zabras~180.
arsebobda `Zabras~ iseTi variantic (me-3), rodesac ferxuls SigniT
erTi moTamaSis nacvlad oTxi-xuTi monawileobda, romelTac xelSi
177
iqve: gv. 21.
178
qarTuli xalxuri simReris ostatebi, samegrelo, Zuku lolua, `saqarTvelos macne~.
Tb., 2007, gv 182.
179
makalaTia s.,samegrelos istoria da eTnografia, saq. mxareTmcodneobis saz., Tb.,
axali gamocema,gv. 280
180
82
xanjlebis nacvlad joxebi eWiraT. `Zabrales~ es versia Sesrulebuli
aqvs ansambls òdoia~, polikarpe xubulavas monawileobiT
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1MR-
YPdT7kk&fbclid=IwAR18w2jR4fNxhY46p3Tj2v5WrqLZ4kkZPcA3mZ9bbdogPTXjLx5Ued6y868
(ukanasknelad gadamowmebulia 27. 01. 2019).
erT-erT yvelaze adreul cnobas `Zabras~ Sesaxeb mxatvrul
literaturaSi, kerZod, dutu megrelTan vxvdebiT181 (ix. megruli
dutu megreli uaRresad saintereso cnobas gvawvdis, rodesac
ambobs, rom yvelani obireSi arian:Oèxla Zvirad ipoviT vismes Tavis
saxlSi, exla yvelani òbire~-Si (obireSi megrulad hqvian im adgils,
sadac Tavs iyrian cekva-simRerisaTvis (avt.) arian wasulni da iq
atareben drosa~182. aseve SesaZlebelia òsxapues~ ganxilvac, radgan
sinonimebi arian, Tumca òbire~ ufro lazurTan mimarTebaSi gvxvdeba.
radgan megrul-lazurs erTi fuZe aqvs, am ori sityvis òbire~ da
òsxapue~ gaigivebac, vfiqrobT, Secdomad ar CaiTvleba. amdenad,
òsxapues~ samegreloSi, ara mxolod ferxuls uwodeben, aramed mTel
sanaxaobas da, aseve im adgils, sadac es sanaxaoba imarTeba.
dutu megrelis xatovani aRweriloba gvauwyebs: Tavdapirvelad
ferxuli nela moZraobs da orpirad erTurTs eSaireba. aqve `Zabras~
pasuxoben (savaraudod es CvenTvis cnobili `Zabrale~ ar unda iyos,
sadac protagonisti Semsrulebeli pantomimur rols asrulebs
ferxulTan erTad). es varianti solistis gareSe `Zabrales~ varianti
unda iyos. Semdgom rCebian mxolod mamakacebi da simReris TanxlebiT
CvenTvis cnobili siuJeti viTardeba. dutu megreli moZraobebTan
dakavSirebiT met informacias gvawvdis. rogorc vxedavT, ferxulis
pirveli nawili Tavisi xasiaTiT òxoxoiasac~ SeiZleba SevadaroT da
megrul saferxuloebTan dakavSirebiT vTqvaT, rom maTTvis
damaxasiaTebelia qalTa da mamakacTa erTdrouli monawileoba, mSvidi
xasiaTi, meferxuleTa gansakuTrebiT didi raodenoba, orpiruli
Sesruleba, gaSaireba simReris TanxlebiT, aseTi struqtura
181
megreli d., sacodavni, gaz. ìveria~, #91, 1888.
182
iqve;
83
damaxasiaTebelia ferxulis pirveli nawilisTvis, romelic `mxaruliT~
grZeldeba (da ara òxoxoias~ saxiT _ x. d.).
aq garkveviT Cans, rom mklavgadabmul ki ara xelCabmul ferxulTan
gvaqvs saqme, rac imas niSnavs, rom Tu es ferxuli `Zabralea~, is mxolod
mklavgadabmulad ar sruldeboda. dutu megrelis mier aRwerili
ferxuli sergi makalaTias mier aRwerils ufro waagavs,
òxoxoiasTanac~ aqvs saerTo, SairSi Sejibris msgavsebiT.
saqarTvelos yvela kuTxes Tavisi damaxasiaTebeli Sromis simRerebi
aqvs. Yyvela isini dakavSirebuli arian Sromis sxvadasxva procesTan,
ramac ganapiroba TiToeuli simReris Tavisebureba da saxelwodeba. Mmag.:
samegreloSi simindis Toxnis simReras ewodeba `naduri~, òdoia~,
simindis motexvisa da garCevis dros sruldeboda `xelxvavi~, òCeSxvei~.
`nadursa~ da òdoias~, agreTve `yanursa~ da òyonursac~ uwodebdnen.
yvela sasoflo-sameurneo ritualis sasimRero (musikaluri) nawili
Seicavs cekvisaTvis damaxasiaTebel ritmsa da temps. mkveTrad
aqcentirebuli ritmi SromiTi procesis gaadvilebasa da Sromis
nayofierebis amaRlebas uwyobda xels. ismis kiTxva _ rogor SeiZleba
ori qmedebis, Sromisa da cekvis, erTdroulad ganxorcieleba? yvelaze
optimaluri axsna aseTi iqneba _ qoreografiuli nawili aris Sromis
procesis gagrZeleba, romelic sruldeba daRlilobis
gasaneitraleblad da jdeba imave ritmSi, romelic TviT Sromis process
axasiaTebda. MmagaliTad, gr. kokelaZis mier Cawerili òCeSxvei~
(simindis rCevis simRera), romelic lotbar rema Selegias
xelmZRvanelobiT Seasrula momReralTa gundma, Seicavs ferxuls. ufro
sworad, sasimRero nawils saferxulo mosdevs. unda vivaraudoT, rom
ara mxolod òCeSxveis~ dros sruldeboda ferxuli, anu ,,osxapue~. (XVII
saukuneSi simindis kultura saqarTveloSi jer kidev ar arsebobda.
e.i.simRera òCeSxveda xvarieli” momdevno saukuneebs unda mivakuTvnoT an
SesaZlebelia ufro adre sxva saxis sameurneo samuSaos asaxavda.). amave
xazs aviTarebs jemal noRaideli aWarul xalxur simRerasTan
mimarTebiT: àWaruli simRerebidan aRsaniSnavia agreTve simRera
`xelxvavi~. `xelxvavi~ umTavresad kaloze sruldeba simindis rCevis
dros. N
84
simRera gadabmulia. jer nela iwyeba da Semdeg TandaTan auCqareben.
bolos simRera cekviT da taSiT mTavrdeba~183.
Aar aris gamoricxuli, romelime konkretuli ferxuli òyonursac~
axlda. aRsaniSnavia, rom iseve, rogorc mTel saqarTveloSi,
samegreloSic, sasoflo-sameurneo samuSaoebs Tan axlda Sesabamisi
rituali, romelmac momdevno saukuneebSi yofiTi xasiaTi SeiZina da
sakulto-sakraluri Sinaarsi dakarga.
rodesac lili gvaramaZe naSromSi, `qarTuli sacekvao folklori~,
wers: `ferxuli òsxapue~ erT-erTi uZvelesi samiwaTmoqmedo-saferxulo
cekvaa“,184urigo ar iqneba Tu davazustebT, ara mxolod ferxuls erqva
,,osxapue~, aramed, yvela ferxulis Semcvel sanaxaobas zogadad, iqneboda
es mkis, Toxnis, simindis aRebis, texvis Tu garCevis dros, Sesrulebuli.
amdenad, òsxapue”, romelime konkretuli ferxulis saxelwodebad ar
unda moiazrebodes. rogorc ikveTeba, òsxapue~, gasarTobi
sanaxaobebisagan Semdgar kompleqsur saxilvels ewodeboda. samegreloSi
zogadad cekvas, xtomas `sxapua~ hqvia, ferxuls _ òsxapue~, saferxulos
ki _ òsxapuri~.
osxapue. ferxul osxapues Sesaxeb azri gamoTqmuli aqvT iv. javaxiSvils,
d. janeliZes, l. gvaramaZes, a. TaTaraZes. yoveli maTgani i. tepcovis,
dutu megrelis, Zuku loluas, Tedo saxokiasa da sergi makalaTias
aRwerilobas eyrdnoba. varCieT originali teqstebi mogveyvana, rac
saSualebas gvaZlevs pirvelwyaroze dayrdnobiT gamovitanoT daskvnebi,
radgan erTi Secdoma, romelic erTi mecnieris SromaSi gaipara,
gaimeores sxvebmac, kerZod saqme exeba termins `ggwoRala~185, unda iyos
`giwoRala~. Aamasve emateba terminebis _ òsxapue~, `kuCxiSi~-sa da
`xujiSis~ raobis dadgena. sagulisxmoa, rom tepcovis teqstSi termini
`kuCxiSi~ arsad gvxvdeba (teqstis Targmanis sruli versia ix. Mmegruli
sacekvao dialeqti, danarTi 7). i. tepcovis mier aRwerili ferxuli
òsxapue~ Semdegi daskvnis gakeTebis saSualebas gvaZlevs:
1. gansakuTrebul dRes _ dResaswaulze (Tumca ar aris dakonkretebuli
romel dResaswaulze), uqme dRes, rodesac mxolod saeklesio
183
noRaideli j., narkvevebi da Canawerebi IV, `sabW. aWara~, baTumi, 1981, gv. 10.
184
xalxuri Semoqmedebisa da kulturis centri, me-2 gamocema, Tb., 1997, gv. 17
185
javaxiSvili iv., qarTuli musikis istoriis sakiTxebi, `xelovneba~, Tb., 1990, gv. 78.
85
RvTismsaxurebaa dasaSvebi, imarTeba didi ferxuli, damswreTa da
SemsrulebelTa didi raodenobis monawileobiT romelic mTeli Ramis
ganmavlobaSi qmediTia;
2. ferxulis Semadgenloba SeuzRudavia, rogorc sqesisa da asakis, aseve
sxva soflebidan mosulTa gaTvaliswinebis CaTvliT.
3. òsxapue~ imarTeboda nadis drosac, romelsac erTi ojaxi sagangebod
marTavda;
4. ferxulSi `xujiSi osxapue~ xelCabmul qalTa da mamakacTa wre
moZraobs rogorc marjvniv, aseve marcxniv. wreSi monacvleobiT
garkveuli moZraobiT Sedian qalebi da ukan brundebian, imaves
imeoreben mamakacebi. mRerian orpirul simReras. orpirul simReras
tepcovi `giwoRalas~ uwodebs. Tumca aqve unda aRvniSnoT, rom
`xujiSis~ Sesabamis mdgomareobas, anu mxrebze gadawyobil xelebs,
tepcovis aRwerilobaSi ver vxedavT;
5. osxapue, rogorc ara mxolod ferxuli, aramed mTliani sanaxaoba
Seicavda sportul Sejibrebebsac sxvadasxva saxeobaSi;
6. arsebobda saaRdgomo òsxapue~, sadac vercxlis monetebiT Semkuli
burTi, rogorc sanaxaobis erT-erTi personaJi, figurirebs;
7. rac Seexeba termins `ggwoRala,~ romelic iv. javaxiSvilTan
gvxvdeba186, saqme gvaqvs meqanikur SecdomasTan. i. tepcovis naSromSi
mocemulia `гыцогала~187, rusuli magari `ы~ Tavze rkaliT. qarTul
versiaSi meore `g~-s adgilas unda iyos aso ì~. igive aso sxva sityvaSic
gvxvdeba, mag.: imave naSromis me-4 gverdze sityva `цкырва~-`wkirva~,
sadac,aseve aso ì~-s mniSvbeloba aqvs. aRsaniSnavia, rom i. tepcovis
teqstSi mocemuli `гыцогала~188, rusul enaSi aso `w~-s ararsebobis gamo
iTargmneba rogorc `gicogala.~ savaraudod unda iyos `giwoRala,~
radgan aqac aso `ц~-s sityva `цкырва~-Sic `w~-s mniSvneloba gaaCnia.xolo
sityvis meore nawilSi _ `gala~, dadasturebulad SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom
aso `g~-s aRmniSvneli aso qarTulSi gadmosulia rogorc `R~, radgan
aso `g~-s axlavs specifiuri aRniSvna _ e.w. `muceli~ qveda rkalis saxiT,
rac rusulSi ararsebuli aso `R~-s aRmniSvnelad gamoiyeneboda.
186
javaxiSvili iv., qarTuli musikis istoriis sakiTxebi, `xelovneba~, Tb., 1990, gv. 78.
187
Тепцов. Я., Из быта и веровании Мингрелцев, Сборник материалов местности и племен Кавказа. Вып.
XVIII, отдел 2 Тифлис, 1894 г , ст. 1.
188
iqve: ст. 1.
86
naSromSi `mucliani~ `k~ aRniSnavs qarTul `q~-s, xolo `mucliani~ `t~
qarTul `T~-s. termini, `giwoRala,~ dResdReobiTac megrul enaSi
moqmedia da `CamorTmeva~, `gamorTmevis~ mniSvnelobas atarebs.
s. makalaTia `xujiSi osxapurTan~ dakavSirebiT mokle SefasebiT
Semoifargla: `xujiSi osxapuri~, es iyo ferxuli. akeTebdnen wres da ise
uvlidnen. moTamaSeebs xelebi hqondaT Cakidebuli da fexis neli
nabijebiT moZraobdnen~.189MgverdiT mdgomis mxrebze gadawyobili xelebi
arc aq Cans. tepcovisa da s. makalaTias aRwerilobidan gamoikveTa, rom
`xujiSi osxapurs~ mSvidi an zomieri xasiaTi hqonda da SemsrulebelTa
simReris TanxlebiT sruldeboda. maT aRwerilobaSi `xujiSis~ anu
mxarulis dinamiur nawils ver vxedavT.
termins, `xujiSi osxapue~ avTandil TaTaraZe ase gansazRvravs:
,,sxapua” megrulad cekvas niSnavs, ,,osxapue’’ ki _ sacekvaos. ,,osxapues~
samegreloSi ferxulis saxelwodebadac miiCnevdnen~190.
`xujiSi osxapue~ hqvia makalaTia-tepcovis mier aRweril mSvid
ferxuls da Zuku loluas mier aRweril dinamiur mxarulsac, romelsac
is, aseve `xujiSi osxapues~ uwodebs.
xoruli (mxaruli). meti dinamiurobiT gamoirCeva Zuku loluas mier
aRwerili ferxuli, romelsac is `xoruls~ uwodebs. (erTgan `xoruls~
(mxaruls) uwodebs gv. 182, meore adgilas `xorums~ (mxaruls) gv.
151.)191Tumca teqstis erT nawilSi `xujis osxapuesac~ uwodebs192, kerZod,
im monakveTSi, sadac tempis aCqarebaze da mklavebis gadawyobazea
saubari.
Zuku lolua gansakuTrebul yuradRebas aqcevs qal-vaJTa
urTierTdamokidebulebas ferxulSi da aRniSnavs: `qlebi mxarulSi
iReben monawileobas (xujis osxapueSi), magram ise Tavazianad, ise
mowiwebiT eqcevian mamakacebi, rom rogorc gadavlen Cqar da tanTmoZrav
simReraze, qalebs uSveben xels an TviT Sordebian~193.
189
makalaTia s., samegrelos istoria da eTnografia, saq. mxareTmcodneobissaz., Tb.,
axali gamocema, gv. 280.
190
191
eTnomusikologis, xelovnebaTmcodneobis doqtoris, oTar kapanaZis informaciiT
termin `xorumis~ saxiT krebulSi Secdomaa daSvebuli.
192
qarTuli xalxuri simReris ostatebi, samegrelo, Zuku lolua, `saqarTvelos macne~,
Tb., 2007, gv. 182.
193
iqve,
87
Zuku lolua sagangebod gamoyofs mklavebgadadebul saferxuloebs da
axasiaTebs maT. àseTi mklavebgadadebuli simRerebiT cekva samnairia.
samive sxvadasxva xasiaTisaa~194. aseve miuTiTebs raodenobas, rac
migvaniSnebs, rom am nimuSebs raRac mniSvnelovnad saxasiaTo faqtori
aerTianebdaT, kerZod mklavebgadadebuli moZraoba, Tumca zogjer es
forma irRveva.
pirvels moiazrebs ferxuls `henda varali da hori ara lenda~. igi
ase aRwers mas: àm simReris dros mklavebi mxarze da fexebi erTi win da
meore mis ukan udgiaT, rogorc jariskacni erTi da meore da ase
moZraobs _ jer pirvelze dgebian, mere ukanaze. wina mocilebulia miwas
(ase uvlian wres)~195.
meore _ `mze Sinas~ ki fexi da xelebic erTian SeTanxmebulia.
erTmxriv midian_marjvniv~196.
mesame nairsaxeobad is `Zabras~ asaxelebs, romelsac zemoT
sagangebod SevexeT. (ix. megruli sacekvao dialeqti, danarTi 8).
`mxarulTan~ dakavSirebiT meti konkretikis Semcvelia Tedo saxokias
mier aRwerili sanaxaoba, romelic yovel kvira dRes, soflis didi
kaklis CrdilSi imarTeboda. Tavyrilobas saukeTeso meCongureebic
eswrebodnen da maTi Conguris xmaze sazeimod gamowyobili
axalgazrdoba TavianT xelovnebas aCvenebda197. (ix. megruli sacekvao
dialeqti, danarTi 9). ferxuls, mcire Sesvenebis Semdeg, mohyveboda
Sejibri sirbilSi, sirbils burTaoba, Cognis TamaSi, Widaoba.
Tedo saxokia naTlad ganmartavs, rom TamaSobas `mxaruli~ imitom
erqva, rom mamakacebi erTmaneTis mxrebze xelebs awyobdnen. yvela
aRwerilobidan Cans, rom ferxuli `mxaruli~ uaRresad dinamiuria,
imdenad, rom qalebi gamoeridebian da mxolod mamakacebi asruleben.
ZiriTadi moZraoba erTmaneTs mikruli mocekvaveebis rac SeiZleba maRla
axtomaa, rogorc Cans ferxulis ideuri arsic esaa, radgan Zvelad
rogorc miwaze kotriali, ise maRla axtoma, kargi mosavlis
winapirobad iTvleboda. srulad veTanxmebi l. gvaramaZes, rodesac am
sanaxaobaSi uZvelesi samiwaTmoqmedo sakraluri kvalis Sesaxeb
194
iqve,
195
iqve,
196
iqve,
197
saxokia T., rogor vizrdebodiT Zvelad, `sablitgami~, Tb., 1955, gv. 12.
88
miuTiTebs, Tumca ver daveTanxmebi, rodesac is Sromisagan daRlili
mklavebis dasvenebis motivs aviTarebs: `Soreul warsulSi `ferxul-
osxapues~, sxvanairad `xujiSi osxapurs~, SemdegSi cekva `mxaruli~
ewoda. es saxelwodeba mxrebis moZraobidan warmodga: muSaobisagan
daRlilni mxrebs amoZravebdnen, raTa moRlili kunTebi moeTelaT~198.
Cven ki vTvliT, rom aseT qmediT sanaxaobaSi udidesi energiis daxarjva
uxdebodaT mocekvaveebs, araTu daRlili mklavebis dasveneba.
mze Sina. rac Seexeba `mze Sinas~, Zuku lolua mklavgadaxveul
sacekvaoTa Soris meored moixseniebs da aRniSnavs, rom sinqronulad
SeTanxmebuli xel-fexiT ferxuli mxolod marjvniv mSvidad moZraobs.
cnobilia, rom megruli `mze Sina da mze gareTa~ qarTulad
imRereboda. misi megruli teqsti ar Semoinaxa. igi Conguris an Wianuris
TanxlebiT sruldeboda. megruli varianti guruli variantis msgavsia da
Tvlian, rom aRmosavleT saqarTvelodan Sevida. `mze Sina~ ZeobasTan
dakavSirebuli ritualis erT-erTi rgolia.misi sruli saxe ar aris
SemorCenili, Tumca cnobilia, rom ukansknel xans religiur
dResaswaulebzec sruldeboda saweso-saferxulo simReris saxiT.
`vfiqrobT, `mze Sina da mze gareTas~ sagalobeli, romelic mzis kults
ukavSirdeba, Tavdapirvelad axaldabadebulis mimarT wriuli ferxulis
saxiT sruldeboda. am varauds mxars uWers samegreloSi Cven mier
mopovebuli masala, romlis mixedviT religiur dResaswaulebSi
SemorCenil simReras _ `mze Sinaos~ wriuli ferxulis saxiT
asrulebdnen~199.
amgvarad, megrul sacekvao dialeqtSi xelSesaxebad gamoikveTa ori
Sto: 1. saferxulo _ Tavisi mravalgvari saxeobrivi da SemadgenlobiTi
struqturiT: ferxuli vaJTa SesrulebiT, ferxuli qalTa SesrulebiT,
Sereuli SemadgenlobiT, erTi an ramdenime solisti SemsrulebliT da
ferxuli, romelsac Tavidan Sereuli saxe aqvs da Semdeg mamkacebi
agrZeleben. Fferxulebi protagonistis gareSe ZiriTadad orpirulia. 2.
qal-vaJis wyviluri cekva msubuqi iumoristuli xasiaTiT aqcentirebuli.
198
xalxuri Semoqmedebisa da kulturis centri, me-2 gamocema, Tb., 1997, gv. 15.
199
istoriul-eTnografiuli Studiebi II, `mecniereba,~ Tb., 1985, gv. 219.
89
dResdReobiT sacekvao leqsika `Zabrales~, `jansulosa~ da àriras~
safuZvelzea SemorCenili. (Tumca `Zabralesa~ da `jansulos~ sacekvao
leqsikaze saubari rTulia, radgan ferxuli mxolod sasimRero
funqciis matarebelia da ferxulisaTvis organuli faqtori _
moZraobissinqronuloba ar axasiaTebs, protagonisti ki Sinaarsis axsnis
pantomimuri roliT Semoifargleba). cekvaSi „arira~ dialeqturi
xasiaTiT niSandebuli moZraobebi _ muxlura, rTula svlebi, gasma,
mklavebis cekva `qarTulisTvis~ damaxasiaTebeli mdgomareobebi da
kompoziciuri suraTi gvxvdeba.
afxazuri sacekvao dialeqti

afxazuri xalxuri sacekvao xelovneba qarTuli qoreografiuli
folklorisa da mTliani qarTuli kulturis erT-erTi Semadgeneli
rgolia. afxazuri qoreografiuli dialeqti mkveTrad gamoxatuli
TviTmyofadobiT xasiaTdeba da amave dros inarCunebs mWidro kavSirs
zogadqarTul sivrcesTan. sacekvao dialeqtis fiqsireba-kvlevisas
warmoCinda rogorc ZirZveli arqetipebi, aseve maTze danergili
Tanamedrove analogebi. afxazuri kulturis fenomenis ZiriTad
ganmsazRvrel faqtors istoriuli peripetiebi, calkeuli epoqaluri
Sreebi, (igulisxmeba warmarTuli, qristianuli, musulmanuri plastebi),
aseve marginaluri (sasazRvro) folklorisaTvis damaxasiaTebel
gavlenaTa wre da sxv., warmoadgens. saqarTvelos geo-politikuri
adgilmdebareoba gansazRvravda informaciaTa mimoqcevis masStabebis
sidides. kulturaTa gadineba-Semodinebis procesi damaxasiaTebeli iyo
saqarTvelosTvisac. aseT mcire arealur sivrceSi, esoden
mravalricxovani eTnikuri erTeulebis ganTavsebis pirobebSi, arc
kulturaTa identobaa ucxo.
afxazuri xalxuri qoreografia, iseve, rogorc mTeli qarTuli
sacekvao folklori, warmoadgenda sakulto-religiur da saweso-
sayofacxovrebo ritualTa erT-erT ZiriTad sametyvelo enas. ritualTa
raodenobiTa da mravalferovnebiT afxazeTi saqarTvelos sxva kuTxeebs
ar Camouvardeboda. aqac, iseve, rogorc samegreloSi, svaneTsa da
danarCen regionebSi, icodnen bunebis ZalebisaTvis wvimis gamoTxova,
90
batonebTan dakavSirebuli saweso qmedeba, mexdacemuli da wyalSi
damxrCvalisadmi miZRvnili sakulto ritualis Sesruleba da sxva.
Tumca, undaaRiniSnos, rom afxazuri tradiciebi met siaxloves megrul-
svanur ritualebTan amJRavnebs, rac udaod maT geografiul siaxloves
unda mieweros.
afxazuri kulturis Sesaxeb mniSvnelovan informacias gvawvdian
mogzaurTa, gansazRvruli davalebebiT warmogzavnilTa, eTnografTa da
istorikosTa fasdaudebeli naSromebi da Jurnal-gazeTebSi mimofantuli
istoriul-eTnografiuli cnobebi.
XIX saukunis pirvel naxevarSi saqarTveloSi mogzaurobda frangi
geologi da siZveleTa mkvlevari frederik diubua de monpere.
miuxedavad imisa, rom misi misia sul sxva dargobrivi interesiT iyo
ganpirobebuli, misma damokidebulebam Cveni qveynis istoriisa da
kulturis mimarT Zvirfasi faqtobrivi masala Semogvinaxa. amonaridi
aRwers lxins afxazi Tavadis saxlSi200. (ix. afxazuri sacekvao
dialeqti, danarTi 1).
Tvad ali-beis karmidamoSi, sofel tamiSSi gamarTuli nadimis
aRwerilobidan cxadi xdeba, TeTr TavsaburavSi saxedamaluli qali
islamis mimdevaria da eTnikurad Crdilokavkasiidan Camosaxlebul
eTnoss unda ekuTvnodes. aq srulad veTanxmebi qoreolog avTandil
TaTaraZes201, romelic qalsa da kacs Soris aseT `daundobel~ Sejibrs
qarTuli eTnokulturisTvis miuReblad miiCnevs. qarTuli xalxuri
qoreografia mravlad Seicavs qalisa da mamakacis sacekvao duetebs,
sadac isini TavianTi upiratesobis warmoCenas cdiloben, Tumca amgvari
`brZola sisxlis ukanasknel wveTamde,~ arsad isaxeba. zemoTaRwerili
paeqroba afxazeTisTvis damaxasiaTebeli eTnikur-religiuri
mravalferovnebis Sedegad aris ganpirobebuli, sadac sxvadasxva
genetikuri Sre da plasti ikiTxeba.
iakob rainegsi, germaneli eqimi, mogzauri, ruseTis rezidenti erekle
II-is karze, romelic XVIII saukuneSi (1774-1783) saqarTveloSi
Фредерик Дюбуа де Монпере, Путешествие вокруг Кавказа, `Абгиз,~ Сухуми, 1937, стр. 157.
200
201
TaTaraZe a., qarTuli eTnosi qarTuli musikaluri eTnologiis Suqze, yovelTa
qarTvelTa msoflio kongresi. qarTvelologiuri samecniero simpoziumi Temaze _
saqarTvelo, biuleteni #2, Tb., 1994, gv. 77.
91
moRvaweobda, wignSi, `mogzauroba saqarTveloSi~, afxazebTan
dakavSirebiT ambobs, rom maT mravalferovani saweso ritualebis
gamarTva ician. (ix. afxazuri sacekvao dialeqti, danarTi 2)rainegsi,
rogorc Cans, gazafxulis buniobis aRniSvnis momswre gaxda. igi iqve
aRniSnavs, rom miuxedavad imisa, rom es tradicia afxazTa Soris
mkvidrad fexgadgmulia, misi mniSvnelobis axsna veravin SeZlo.
ritualur cekva-warmodgena àZarxuma~-s cekvavdnen weliwadSi
erTjer `nanxvas~ dResaswaulis dRes, romelic Zvel afxazebSi
ganayofierebis RvTaebad iyo miCneuli. (ix. afxazuri sacekvao dialeqti,
danarTi 3) i. raingsis aRwerilobasa da àZraxumas~ Soris TvalsaCino
paralelebi iZebneba _ gazafxulis bunioba da ganayofierebis
RvTaebebisadmi miZRvnili ritualuri qmedebebi xom swored gazafxulze
imarTeboda. SesaZloa, rainegsi swored nanxvas dResaswaulze
warmodgenili sacekvao rituals daeswro da aRwera.
afxazeTSi, saweso-ritualuri qmedebebidan àtlarCoba~ yvelaze
farTod iyo gavrcelebuli. (àtlarCoba~ ganxilulia qveTavSi `megruli,
afxazuri, guruli sacekvao dialeqtebis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxi~,
amitom aq aRar gavamaxvilebT yuradRebas).
mniSvnelovani informaciis Semcvelia dokumenturi masala, romelsac
arqeologi,polina uvarova, gvawvdis. igi aRwers sofel aWandaraSi
Tavadis karmidamos ezoSi gamarTul Tavyrilobas, romelsac Tavadis
usinaTlo Zmac eswreboda da afxazur simebian sakravze, afxiarcaze,
ramdenime sagmiro xasiaTis simRera Seasrula. `sevdiani simRera
moulodnelad mxne, Zlierma xmam Secvala. Semokres taSs, gamovida ori
vaJkaci da icekva lezginka. magaliTi gadamdebi aRmoCnda: cekvavda yvela
_ Cveni gamcilebeli mxedrebi, stumrebi, yvela uklebliv _ axalgazrda
da moxuci. maT Soris, bevri, xelSi TofiT~202. sainteresoa, eswrebodnen
Tu ara am Tavyrilobas qalebi da gogonebi. aRwerilobidan Cans, rom
cekva lezginkis saxelwodebiT, romelic orma mamakacma wamoiwyo,
masobriv cekvaSi gadaizarda, aseve mxolod mamakacebis SesrulebiT. p.
uvarovas mowodebuli informacia simptomaturia `lezginkas~ irgvliv
Seqmnil problematikasTan dakavSirebiT _ `lezginkas~ cekva daiwyo orma
202
Аргун А., История абхазского театра, Алашара, Сухуми,1978, стр. 28.
92
mamakacma, iseve, rogorc i. zurabiSvilis statiaSi, sadac igi
anwuxelebis mier Sesrulebul lekurs aRgviwers203.
XIX saukunis rusi istorikosi, general-leitenanti da saimperatoro
mecnierebaTa akademiis akademikosi, nikolai dubrovini, metad saintereso
informacias gvawvdis: àbazinebs ar hqondaT Tavisi simRerebi, miuxedavad
imisa, rom bunebiT simReris moyvarulebi arian; simRera abaziaSi
mTlianad yabardoulia. afxazeTis macxovreblebs ar gaaCniaT arc
damaxasiaTebeli TamaSebi, arc mravalferovani cekvebi. maTi cekva
erTferovania, veluri da mosawyeni; masSi ar aris arc simarde da arc
graciozuloba: ixtuneben ra cotaodens, mocekvave dgeba fexis cerze _
sul es aris moZraobis mravalferovneba. adgilobrivi mcxovreblebi
musikis nacvlad taSs ukraven da xSirad Tan erTvis saZageli da veluri
yiJina~204. n. dubrovini garkveviT miuTiTebs adresats _ àbazinebs,~ es ki
imis maCvenebelia, rom aRweriloba afxazeTis CrdiloeT nawilSia
Sesrulebuli, Tumca, mainc saeWvoa avtoris obieqturoba. miuxedavad
imisa, rom n. dubrovinis arweriloba XIX saukunis me-2 naxevars ekuTvnis,
xolo sxva zemoTCamoTvlili aRwerilobebi qronologiurad ufro
Zvelia, yuradRebas iqcevs warmodgenili sanaxaobis primitiuloba.
SesaZloa aq misi subieqturi damokidebuleba iCendes Tavs, radgan arc
erT aRmwerels (m. maWavariani, diubua de monpere _ aRwerilobebi
ZiriTadad hgavs erTmaneTs, gansakuTrebiT qal-vaJis Sejibris tipis
cekvaSi) afxazur/abazinuri cekva aseTi dakninebuli saxiT ar
warmoudgenia.
zemoTmoyvanili aRwerilobebis Sesaxeb xazgasmiT unda aRvniSnoT,
rom istorikosebi abazinTa folklors aRweren da ara zogadad
afxazurs. Tavad n. dubrovinic afiqsirebs, rom afxazeTSi sanaxaobiTi
xelovnebis siRaribe maTi Crdiloel mezobelTan siaxloviT iyo
ganpirobebuli. frederik diubua de monperes mier aRwerili `Sejibric~
qalsa da mamakacs Soris, aseveafxazeTis CrdiloeT nawilSia Cawerili.
rogorc cnonilia, abazinebi afxazeTis ukidures CrdiloeTSi
binadrobdnen. afxazeTis samxreT da CrdiloeT nawilebis eTnikur
Sreebs Soris gansxvavebam warmoSva amgvari Seusabamo `mravalferovneba~.
203
zurabiSvili i., xalxis Semoqmedi genia, `xelovneba~, Tb., 1949, gv. 15.
204
Дубровин Н, История войны и владычества русских на Кавказе, Т.I, кн. II, СПБ, 1871. стр. 21.
93
Tumca n. dubrovinis aRwerilobis qronologiur periodSi, mosulTa da
aborigenTa integracia ramdenime saukunes iTvlis da Sesabamisad
CamosaxlebulTa `gakulturebis~ procesic axali dawyebuli ar unda
yofiliyo.
1885 wlis ,,droebis~ #12 nomerSi, saTauriT ,,eTnografiuli
werilebi. afxazeTi~, daculia afxazuri sacekvao folkloris Seswavlis
TvalsazrisiT uaRresad saintereso informacia, romelSic meti
konkretikaa CvenTvis saintereso Temis Sesaxeb. soxumis skolis
meTvalyure k. maWavarianiaRwers uqme dRes, soflis mcxovrebTa
garTobasa da drostarebas205. (ix.fxazuri sacekvao dialeqti, danarTi 4).
rogorc saavtoro teqstidan dasturdeba, afxazeTSi scodniaT saero-
sayofacxovrebo Tavyrilobebi, sadac eri Tu beri iyrida Tavs. vaJebi
Sejibrs awyobdnen. aRwerili varjiSobani, usaTuod, mimarTuli iyo maTi
fizikuri wrTobisaken, gamZleobisa da amtanobis gamosamuSaveblad.
Sejibris Semdgom mowyobili sanaxaoba ki mravalricxovan, Zalze
dinamiur ferxulze migvaniSnebs, sadac monawileTa Sereuli
Semadgenloba xelCabmuli, simReris TanxlebiT, xtomebiTa da brunebiT
moZraobs rogorc marjvena mxares, ise marcxena mxares. rogorc
cnobilia, afxazeTSi ferxulebi ufro xSirad sasimRero akompanimentiT
sruldeboda, vidre instrumentuliT. bolo nawili ki moleqseTa,
gundisa da ferxulis gaerTianebas warmoadgenda, rac uaRresad rTul,
ganviTarebul xalxur xelovnebaze metyvelebs. Tavyrilobis kodad ki
qal-vaJis sadueto cekva iTvleboda, romelic tradiciulad zeimis
Semadgenel nawils warmoadgenda. am cekvas diubua de monperes
aRwerilobaSic vxvdebiT.
konstantine kovaCi, rusi kompozitori, qarTuli xalxuri musikis
mkvlevari da Semkrebi, erT-erTia maT Soris, romlis mier Sesrulebuli
naSromi safuZvlad daedo afxazuri xalxuri Semoqmedebis kvlevas. k.
kovaCi, mis mier mopovebul musikalur nimuSebs yofs or nawilad da
anawilebs krebulebSi: 1. `101 afxazuri simRera,~ romelSic bzifis
xeobaSi Sekrebili nimuSebi ganTavsda (bzifis xeoba _ soxumidan
CrdiloeTiT); 2. `kodoreli afxazebis simRerebi,~ romelic kodoris
xeobaSi mopovebul musikalur masalas moicavs (kodoris xeoba _
205
maWavariani k., zogierTi niSania bxazTa cxovrebidan, gaz. `droeba~, #12, 1885, gv. 1.
94
soxumis samxreTiT da galis mxare). krebulSi Sesulia, aseve baTumeli
afxazebis, `muhajirebis~ _ gandevnilebis (qarTulad muhajiri emigrants,
gadasaxlebuls niSnavs_x.d.), ramdenime simRera. mkvlevarma, garda imisa,
rom vokalur nawarmoebebTan erTad sacekvao melodiebis Sekreba-
analizi Seasrula, dagvitova aseve ramdenime metad sayuradRebo cnoba
afxazuri cekvebis Sesaxeb. mniSvnelovania misi informacia
àtlarCopasTan~ dakavSirebiT.
metad sainteresoa baTumeli afxazebis (muhajirebis) cekva, romelic
man ixila sof. ankisaSi. k. kovaCis mier Sedgenil krebulSi mocemulia
am cekvis sanoto masala, saxelwodebiT, ,,танец неносившего траур,~ anu
,,glovis ganucdelis cekva~. mis ganmartebaSi vkiTxulobT: àm simReraSi
ismis aseTi sityvebi: `mas, visac ar unaxavs glova, aiZules
ecekva.SemdegmodismisamReri: òi-ra, oi-ra, oi-ta riraSa.
Tu saxelwodebis mixedviT vimsjelebT, unda CavTvaloT, rom es
aris yvelaze mxiaruli afxazuri cekva da me mqonda SesaZlebloba
davrwmunebuliyavi amaSi, rodesac vnaxe, rogor cekvavdnen mas baTumeli
afxazebi~206.aris Tu ara konkretulad es cekva, Zneli saTqmelia, Tumca
TurqeTSi gadasaxlebuli aWarlebis erTaderTi afxazuri cekva,
moZiebul iqna da is inegoleli qarTvelebis repertuaris nawilia. mas
asruleben wyvilurad rogorc mamakacebi, aseve qal-vaJi. cekva iwyeba
davliT, romelic rTula svliT sruldeba. cekvaSi aseve vxvdebiT
mklavTa sinqronul moZraobas gamarTul mdgomareobaSi win da ukan,
Cakvrebs da msubuq waxtomebs(gadacema eTnofori etnopori,
assamocdameerTe), 06.12.2018. 23: 54 wT. ukanasknelad gadamowmebulia
14.12.2018). rogorc aRmoCnda mxolod am cekvas miiCneven Semsruleblebi
rogorc afxazurs. simptomaturia, rom Cakrebsa da davlas maT mier
Sesrulebul sxva cekvaSebSic vxvdebiT, kerZod `yolsamas~ gadaxvevaSi,
Tumca mas afxazurad ar miiCneven. amave dros unda iTqvas, rom amgvari
moZraobebi aWaruli cekvisTvis damaxasiaTebeli ar aris. amitom gaCnda
azri, rom gadaxvevac afxazuri cekvidan momdinareobs. kidev erTi cekva
inegoleli aWarlebis SesrulebiT aseve rTula svliT davlisa da
CakvraTa nairsaxeobebis sacekvao leqsikis gamoyenebiT, aris cekva,
206
Ковач К, 101 Абхазская народная песня, Изд. Наркомпроса Абхазии и Академии абхазского языка и
литературы, Сухуми, 1929, стр. 47.
95
romelic simReris ài, raSi~ TanxlebiT asruleben. k. kovaCTan
dafiqsirebuli simReris gnosolaliis _ `riraSa~ da inegolelebis ài,
raSis~ msgavsebaze, aseve cekvis leqsikaze dayrdnobiT, vvaraudob,
SesaZloa swored es cekva iyos k. kovaCis mier aRwerili baTumeli
afxazebis mxiaruli cekva.
afxazeTSi farTod iyo gavrcelebuli sabrZolo xasiaTis cekvebi,
romlebsac faqtobrivad mTel regionSi vxvdebiT.
abazta. àfxazuri cekva uaRresad dinamiuria. misi dasawyisi modis
uZvelesi afxazuri mxedruli cekva `bastidan~, romlis teqnologiuri
safuZveli iyo taqtis cema fexis moZraobiT. am taqtis SenacvlebiT
cemas fexebiT Tanamedrove mTiulur cekvebSi ewodeba `Cakvra~.207
mkvlevars veTanxmebi rodesac is ambobs, rom `basti~ aris taqtis cema
fexis moZraobiT, Tumca ramdenad sworia `CakvrasTan~ misi asocireba,
Zneli saTqmelia, radgan basti gansazRvrulia rogorc: `basti rokvaÁ
ars ferÃis cemiTa, bastni maRliT CamoWrilis rbilis da cemis
ÃmaÁ~.208SesaZloa l. gvaramaZe ileTis zogadi specifikidan gamomdinare
aZlevs termins `Cakvris~ gansazRvrebas, radgan Cakvris erT-erT ZiriTad
saxeobaSi (sada Cakvra) swored zevidan eSveba fexi da wveriT urtyavs
iataks. afxazuri enis specifikidan gamomdinare `basti~-s daemata
winsarTi à~, ramac cekvis saxelwodeba gansazRvra rogorc àbasta~.
Tumca lili gvaramaZis informacia `bastis~ Sesaxeb ar emTxveva n.
dubrovinis mier aRweril àbastas~. rogorc viciT xanjlebiT cekva
àbasta~ gvaramaZesTan mocemulia rogorc jiriTi, xolo gvaramaZis
`basti~ savaraudod erTi mamakacis cerebze cekvas unda warmoadgendes.
abazta es aris cekva-warmodgena ara Tanamoazreebis, aramed
meomrebis, mtrebis, mowinaaRmdegeebis. igi sruldeba SemaRlebul
adgilas ara mocekvaveTa jgufis mier, aramed ori Semsruleblis mier. n.
dubrovini aRwers ra mTlianad kavkasias, mis istoriasa da eTnografias,
mogviTxrobs afxazTa cekvis Sesaxeb, Tumca aqve unda davazustoT:
kerZod CvenTvis cnobili sabrZolo-sacekvao xalxuri nimuSis, àbasta~-
`jiriTi,~ Sesruleba n. dubrovinis mier aRwerilia ara afxazTa, aramed
abazinTa SesrulebiT. abazinTa Sesaxeb ki wers: àfxazur toms ekuTvnis
207
gvaramaZe l., qarTuli xalxuri qoreografia, `xelovneba~, Tb., 1957, gv. 115.
208
orbeliani sulxan-saba, Txzulebani t. IV-1, `sabWoTa saqarTvelo,~ Tb., 1965, gv. 101.
96
egreTwodebuli abazinebi (anu abazda)~209. sityva àbazdam~ miipyro Cveni
yuradReba. igi Zalian hgavs afxazur sacekvao folklorSi damkvidrebul
termins àbazta~, romelic sabrZolo xasiaTis cekvad miiCneva, xolo
sulxan-saba orbelianis ganmartebiT ki cnobilia cekva `basti~ _ rokvaÁ
ars ferÃis cemiTa~210. terminebi TiTqmis identuria. Cndeba kiTxva _ xom
ar daerqva cekvas saxeli swored eTnikuri tomis saxelidan, romelic am
cekvas asrulebda. marTalia, n. dubrovinimis mier aRweril cekvas
rusulad `джигитка~-s uwodebs, rac qarTulad jiriTs niSnavs, magram
xalxSi SesaZloa mas adgilobrivi terminiT gansazRvruli saxeli
àbazta~ erqva, ise rogorc абазины – абазда. es versia ndobas imsaxurebs,
radgan `джигитка~-c jiqebisgan unda iyos nawarmoebi (jiqebis mcire
eTnikuri erTeuli aseve mezoblobda afxazeTis teritorias).
qarTuli xalxuri qoreografiis mkvlevari l. gvaramaZec am cekvas,
rogorc aRvniSne, jiriTs uwodebs211. cekva `jiriTis~ srul aRwerilobas
n. dubrovinTan vkiTxulobT212. (Targmanis sruli teqsti ix. afxazuri
sacekvao dialeqti, danarTi 5).samegreloSi msgavsi sabrZolo xasiaTis
cekva-saxioba gavrcelebuli iyo `xinTqirias~ saxelwodebiT.àbaztas~
Sesaxeb wers aseve a. arguni wignSi `Неугасающий огонь~, gv. 9.
àSacxirtra~. sabrZolo xasiaTis cekvaTagan afxazeTSi àbazta~-
`jiriTis~ garda icodnen àSacxirtra~. cekva fexis wverebze anu
,,aSacxirtra~, sabrZolo cecxlovani cekva, xazs usvamda brZolaSi
gamarjvebulTa zeims. moxucTa monaTxrobis mixedviT cekva sruldeboda
mamakacTa uzarmazari SemadgenlobiT, romelTac marcxena xelSi
gaSiSvlebuli xanjlebi ekavaT, dolTa grialSi wreze swrafad,
isrebiviT mihqrodnen da Tan yvirodnen: ,,axa, xaira amarjakua!~213(ix.
afxazuri sacekvao dialeqti, danarTi 6)
rogorc aRwerilobidan Cans, cekva ,,aSacxirtra~ warmoadgenda
Teatralizebul warmodgenas, romelic asaxavda afxazi eTnosis
meomrul, sabrZolo warsuls, gmirul xasiaTs. Tumca vTvli, rom es
209
Дубровин Н,История войны и владычества русских на Кавказе, Т.I, кн. II, СПБ, 1871. стр. 2.
210
orbeliani sulxan-saba, Txzulebani, t. IV-1, `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, Tb., 1965, gv. 101.
211
gvaramaZe l., qarTuli sacekvao folklori, xalxuri Semoqmedebisa da kulturis
centri, Tb., 1997, gv. 89.
212Дубровин Н., История войны и владычества русских на Кавказе , Т.I, кн. II, СПБ, 1871. стр. 20.
213 Аргун А., Неугасающий огонь,` Алашара~, Сухуми, 1982, стр. 9.
97
cekva Soreul warsuls ar unda ekuTvnodes. savaraudoa XIX saukuniT
TariRdebodes. k. kovaCi ki aseT informacias gvawvdis: `sxvaTa Soris,
afxazebi arasodes cekvaven xanjlebiT, amave dros, maTi cekva gvagonebs
keTilSobil mowinaRmdegeTa sabrZolo Setakebas~214. ramdenad sworia
kovaCis informacia, amis gansjas ar SevudgebiT. rogorc Cans, mas arc
,,abazta~ unaxavs da arc ,,aSacxirtra~.
afxazi mkvlevari a. arguni erT-erT uZveles cekvad `metalurgTa
cekvas,~ igive `gamarjvebis cekvas,~ Tvlis. aRniSnavs rom afxazeTSi jer
kidev brinjaosa da rkinis epoqaSi arsebobda mWedelTa saxelosnoebi.
mWedelTa RvTaebas, saxelad SaSvasac, did pativs scemdnen. madnis
gamodnobas religiur-saweso qmedebebi axlda, rkinis warmatebiT
gamowrTobis Semdeg ki, ìqve, cxel miwaze, `Rumelis~ garSemo cekvavdnen
fexis cerebze, raTa fexis terfi ar `dawvodaT~215.Aavtori xazgasmiT
aRniSnavs, rom afxazebsa da abazinebSi cerebze cekvis SemoRebas swored
madnis gamosadnobi ormos garSemo cekva udevs safuZvlad. am cekvas is
àSacxirtras~ uwodebs, romelsac, misive gadmocemiT, `cekva fexis
cerebze hqvia~. a. arguni àSacxirtras~ warmoSobis meore savaraudo
mizezsac gvacnobs. kerZod, rodesac afxazebi brZolis Semdeg
tansacmlis bolos maRla wevdnen, cerebze iweodnen, raTa maT mier
daxocil mterTa sisxliT ar daesvaraT: ès temperamentuli, cecxlovani
cekva xazs usvamda gamarjvebulis sidiades (zeims) damarcxebulis
mimarT~216 da aRwers zemoTmoyvanil cekvas.
afxazur folklorSi daleqilia samonadiro eposis amsaxveli
uZvelesi saxioba `daTvis cekva~ anu àmeSikuaSara~. afxazeTSic, iseve,
rogorc saqarTvelos sxva kuTxeebSi, monadireebi nadirobisas, SeniRbvis
mizniT, cxovelebis tyaviTa da bewviT imosebodnen. sxvadasxva cxovelTa
Tu frinvelTa gamosaxulebiT saritualo qmedebis inscenireba, iqneboda
es nadirobis win Tu nadirobis Semdeg, msoflios yvela uZveles xalxs
axasiaTebda. cxovelTa moZraobebis imitirebis, maT qmedebebTan
asocirebuli moZraobebis SemCneva, sacekvao xelovnebaSi dResac ki
SesaZlebelia, radgan uZveles droSi plastikaSi, sxeulis moZraobaSi
214Ковач К,Песни кодорских абхазцев, Изд. Акад абхазского языка и литературы, Сухум, 1930,стр. 34
215
Аргун А., История абхазского театра, `Алашара,~ Сухуми, 1978, Стр. 29.
216iqve,
98
daleqili azri, dRes esTetikuri mizniT scenaze gadanacvlebuli,
uaRresad xelSesaxebi da SesamCnevia217.(ix. afxazurisacekvaodialeqti,
danarTi7).
àfxazeTSi cnobil `daTvis cekvas~ Tan axlda mimikur-komikuri
moZraobebi. mocekvaveebi baZavdnen dedali da mamali daTvis moZraobebs:
isisni Widaobdnen, goravdnen iatakze, cekvavdnen. Ees iyo mTliani
warmodgena, romelsac ara mxolod gasarTobi xasiaTi hqonda, aramed
Zvel droSi magiuri mniSvnelobac gaaCnda. teqsti da simReris melodia
cekvis moZraobebs ukavSirdeboda. simReris melodia Sedgeba ori
monacvle melodiisagan _ ìa ruma~, rac monadireTa Jargonze aRniSnavs
mamal daTvs, da ùa ruSan~ an `laru meru~ _ dedal daTvs~218.
k. kovaCi Tavis naSromSi, ,,kodoris afxazTa simRerebi,~ gvamcnobs, rom
arsebobda ,,mwyemsebis cekva~. am cekviT avadmyof mწyemss aWarpanis
melodiiT arTobdnen. martoxela mwyemsis cekva _,,axCa zacv ikuaSara~ b.
Sinqubas mier mowodebuli informaciiT ase gamoiyureboda: ès cekva
sruldeboda mwyemsebis mier mTebSi: (ix.afxazuri sacekvao dialeqti,
danarTi 8). am cekvis Sesruleba yvelas ar SeeZlo. amisaTvis
gansakuTrebuli musikaluri smena da msaxioburi warmosaxva iyo saWiro.
n. dubrovini mogviTxrobs abazinebSi improvizatori msaxiobis
Sesaxeb, romelic, rogorc avtori afasebs, warmoadgenda manWias,
mocekvavisa da gaiZveras erTgvar nazavs. improvizatorebs poglivanebi
erqvaT. isini gansakuTrebuli pativiT mTian abaziaSi sargeblobdnen.
`poglivani _ es aris moxetiale bardi, romelic mzad iyo anazRaurebis
sanacvlod xotba Seesxa nebismierisTvis, gaerTo sazogadoeba fokusiT
an mikibul-mokibuli zRaprebiT. arc erTi lxini moxetiale
improvizatorebis gareSe ar Caivlida, maTTvis gansakuTrebiT sapatio
adgilebi iyo gamoyofili: es adgili maT damsaxurebulad ekuTvnodaT,
radgan isini gonebrivi SesaZleblobebiT, TavianT velur TanamoZmeebTan
SedarebiT gacilebiT maRla idgnen~219. rogorc vxedavT, poglivani,
romelic kavkasiis TaTrebSic miRebuli iyo da yovelgvari lxinisa da
zeimis aucilebel personaJs warmoadgenda, rusi skomoroxebis
217
Хашба М.,Трудовые и обрядовые песни абхазов,`Алашара,~ Сухуми, 1977, стр. 42.
218
Кортуа И.,Абхазская народная песня,`Музыка,~ Москва, 1965. стр. 19.
219
Дубровин Н., История войны и владычества русских на Кавказе, Т. I, кн. II, СПБ, 1871, стр. 21.
99
nairsaxeoba unda iyos, romelic mezRapris, msaiobis, musikos-momRerlisa
da mocekvavis SemoqmedebiT ampluaSi evlineboda mayurebels.
profesional msaxiobTa da mocekvaveTa arseboba lazeTSic fiqsirdeba.
saferxulo cekvaTagan afxazeTSi yvelaze popularulad ,,auraaSa“,
,,aibarkra“ da ,,SaraTini“ iTvleboda. es cekvebi dResac sruldeba.
,,auraaSa“ sruldeboda mniSvnelovan dResasawaulebsa da
qorwilebSi. mklavebCabmuli mocekvaveebi nel-nela Sediodnen melodiis
taqtSi, inarCunebdnen ra wris zust xazs. mis centrSi imyofeboda
solisti, romelsac ganmriges roli hqonda gankuTvnili. igi aCvenebda
rogor unda emoZravaT da warmoTqvamda Sesabamis sityvebs. danarCenebi
erTxmad imeorebdnen ,,auraaSa“:
`masobriv simReraSi àuraaSa~ sacekvao misamReri ganTavsebulia or
striqonSi:
_ vin giWiravs marjvena xeliT _ Caixute gulSi! auraaSa!...
_ vin giWiravs marcxena xeliT _ isic ar gauSva! auraaSa!
es sityvebi Tan axlavs cekvas, romlis drosac mamakacis marjvniv
da marcxniv mocekvave ori gogona, cdilobs mas xelidan gausxltes~220.
rogorc Cans, sanaxaoba aerTianebda simRera-reCitativs da cekvis
xelovnebas. es iyo masobrivi warmodgena, romelSic monawileobis miReba
SeeZlo nebismiers. cekva ar gamoirCeoda dinamiurobiT, masSi moxucebsac
SeeZloT CarTva, aseve yofiliyvnen solistebi. cekvaSi sWarbobda
Teatraluri elementebi.
,,aibarkra“ da ,,SaraTini“ afxazeTSi saqorwilo cekvebad iTvleba.
qorwils aqac iseTive struqturuli Tanamimdevroba axasiaTebs, rogoric
saqarTvelos sxva regionebSi, wes-Cveulebebis TvalsazrisiTac garkveul
msgavsebas amJRavnebs, Tumca, rogorc istorikosebis Canawerebidan xdeba
cnobili, afxazuri qorwili avTenturi nawarmoebebis simravliT ar
gamoirCeoda. dRevandel dRes saqorwilod miCneuli zogierTi cekva
(àibarkra~, `SaraTini~) samiwaTmoqmedo magias ukavSirdeboda da
mogvianebiT iqca saqorwilod. aqac SesaZlebelia paralelis gavleba
mTel saqarTveloSi gavrcelebul folklorul nawarmoebTan àvTandil
220
Кортуа И., Абхазская народная песня, `Музыка,~ Москва, 1965, стр. 6.
100
gadinadira~, romelmac aseve mogvianebiT SeiZina saqorwilo ferxulis
xasiaTi.
Qafxazi mkvlevari, a. anSba, wers, rom mravalricxovani da rTulia
saqorwilo da dasakrZali ritualebi, magram maTTan dakavSirebuli
simRerebis raodenoba Zalian cotaa: qorwils ukavSirdeba ori simRera:
`patarZlis moyvanis~ simRera, romelsac bzifis afxazebSi `radedas~
uwodeben, xolo abJuis afxazeTSi ùaridadas~ da `saqorwilo
simReras~.saqorwilo simRerebidan aseve unda aRiniSnos saqorwilo
sacekvao (àrira~ anu àrkuaSara~)221.
k. kovaCs Tavis krebulebSi Sekrebili aqvs sacekvao melodiaTa
sakmaod didi raodenoba, maT Soris erTi da imave nawarmoebis ramdenime
varianti mag: aibarkras variantebi. afxazi eTnografebis ganmarTebiT,
àibarkra~ qarTulad sityva-sityviT `xelCabmuls~ niSnavs. afxazur-
qarTul leqsikonSi ki mocemulia àibarkaara~ da ganmartebulia
rogorc niSnoba, dawindva222. a. arguni aRniSnavs, rom es cekva ZiriTadad
SromiTi procesis dasasruls sruldeboda rogorc Sromis himni. mas
masobrivi cekvis, `SaraTini~, pirvel saxed Tvlis. ,,afxazebi ,,aibarkras~
nabdis qveS myofi nefe-dedoflis garSemo asruleben. `ferxulis
romelime monawile, nabdis qveS, Sua wreSi mdgari nefe-dedoflis
fexebTan maTraxs urtyams, raTa aacekvos, aaxtunos, cekva
gamoacocxlos~223.
axla ganvixiloT is winaaRmdegoba, rac ,,aibarkrasTan~ dakavSirebiT
isaxeba. qoreologi l. gvaramaZec cekva ,,aibarkras~ sayofacxovrebo
cekvad Tvlis, romelic sameurneo samuSaos damTavrebis Semdgom
sruldeboda. igi mas ,,mxrebis cekvas~ uwodebs da ukavSirebs Sromisagan
daRlili mklavebis gaTavisuflebis, gantvirTvis mizniT aRZrul
moZraobas. samegreloSi ki am cekvas ,,osxapue~ an `xujiSi osxapuri~
erqvao_ambobs. aqedan gamomdinare, ,,aibarkra~ da ,,osxapue~ erTi da igive
yofila. Tu ,,aibarkra~ da ,,osxapue~ orive mxrebis cekvaa, ratom ar hgavs
igi Zuku loluas mier aRweril ,,mxaruls~. arc àibarkras~ Sesaxeb
gvaqvs sxva xelSesaxebi aRweriloba, garda zemoTmocemulisa. òsxapues~
221Аншба А, Абхазский фолклор и действительность, `мецниереба,~ Тб., 1982, стр. 49.

222
gvancelaZe T., afxazur-qarTuli leqsikoni, ìnteleqti~, Tb., 1012, gv. 236.
223
101
aRweriloba ki Sorsaa daRlili mklavebis gaTavisuflebis gamo aRZrul
moZraobasTan224. mxatvruli nawarmoebis transformireba, rogorc
SinaarsiT, aseve formiT, folklorSi ucxo movlenas ar warmoadgens. ar
gamovricxavT samiwaTmoqmedo Sinaarsis nawarmoebis saqorwilod qcevis
SesaZleblobas. amdagvari magaliTebi sxvac bevri moipoveba qarTul
folklorSi, magram yoveli cekva Tu ferxuli mxrebTan dakavSirebuli
saxelwodebiT, l. gvaramaZiseuli versiiT SeuZlebelia ganisazRvros.
amitom l. gvaramaZis versias argumentebis simciris gamo
aradamajereblad miviCnevT.
Mrac Seexeba `SaraTins~, m. lakerbai aRniSnavs, rom Gcekva
`SaraTinis~ melodia, Tavis droze, sulac ar iyo sacekvao. am melodias,
saxalxo mTqmeli da momRerali, usinaTlo, Jana aCba, Tavisi satiruli
simRerebisa da SairebisaTvis iyenebda225.Aa. TaTaraZe mas wyvilur cekvas
uwodebs: àfxazTa Soris didi popularobiT sargeblobs aseve afxazuri
wyviluri cekva `SaraTini~, romelsac asruleben, rogorc calke vaJebi,
aseve qalebic da qal-vaJTa wyvilebic, romelSiac partniorTa Soris
urTierToba wminda Sejibris xasiaTs atarebs. am cekvis mizani anu arsi
warmoadgens `cekvas gaZlebamde~, ris gamoc igi Tavisi SinaarsiT
sruliad gansxvavdeba qarTuli wyviluri cekvebisagan, gansakuTrebiT ki
qal-vaJTawyviluri cekvebisagan, romlebSiac qal-vaJebs Soris
urTierToba qalis kdemamosilebas da vaJis raindul bunebas efuZneba~226.
XIX saukunis beWdviT masalebSi aRwerili Sejibris xasiaTis cekva,
rogorc aRmoCnda, `SaraTinia~, Tumca SesaZlebelia (arc arsad
fiqsirdeba-x.d.) im droisTvis mas `SaraTini~ sulac ar erqva, radgan am
sityvas sul sxva etimologiuri mniSvneloba gaaCnia, romelic sruliad
ar asaxavs am dinamiuri cekvis arc Sinaarss da arc formas: Tavad sityva
`SaraTini~ aRniSnavs karg da wynar cxovrebaSi Sebijebas. Zveli afxazebi
yvebian legendas, romelic am saferxulo cekvas ukavSirdeba227.
224
Тепцов Я., Из быта и веровании Мингрелцев, Сборник материалов местности и племен Кавказа, Вып.
XVIII, отдел 2,.Тифлис, 1894 , ст. 1.
225
lakerbai m., afxazuri Teatris istoriidan, `xelovneba~, Tb., 1957, gv. 15.
226
TaTaraZe a. qarTuli eTnosi qarTuli musikaluri eTnologiis Suqze, yovelTa
qarTvelTa msoflio kongresi. qarTvelologiuri samecniero simpoziumi Temaze _
saqarTvelo, biuleteni #2, Tb., 1994, gv. 77.
227
Кортуа И., Абхазская народная песня,`Музыка,~ Москва, 1965. стр. 6.
102
sasceno variantis mixedviT ,,SaraTini~ ,,aibarkras~ Semdeg sruldeba.
,,aibarkra~ da ,,SaraTini~, iseve rogorc ,,auraaSa~, sayofacxovrebo
simRera Tajgufs miekuTvneba. sayofacxovrebo simRerebi SeiZleba erTma
pirovnebamac Seasrulos da adamianTa jgufmac afxiarcas an Conguris
TanxlebiT.
afxazuri cekvis uaRresad saintereso daxasiaTebas gvawvdis k. kovaCi:
,,afxazeTSi cekva miRebulia ZiriTadad simReris TanxlebiT, cekvebi
afxiarcasa da aCanguris TanxlebiT ki Zlier iSviaTad. afxazebma sxva
cekvebi garda Tavisi sakuTari xalxurisa ar ician da iseve, rogorc
simRerebi, maTi yoveldRiuri cxovrebis ganuyrel nawils warmoadgenen.
isini cekvaven qorwilSi, rodesac arToben stumrebs da erTobian
Tavadac da mRerian, roca marTaven saxalxo Sejibrs da sxv~228. am
amonaridSi mkvlevari garkveviT miuTiTebs, rom afxazebi mxolod
sakuTar, afxazur cekvebs asruleben da aranair miniSnebas Crdiloeli
mezoblis sacekvao kulturasTan ar akeTebs.
afxazuri cekvis struqturisa da zogadad specifikis Sesaxeb
sagulisxmo informacias vkiTxulobT i. qorTua, v. axobaZis naSromSi:
àfxazeTSi farTod aris gavrcelebuli cekvebi simReris TanxlebiT.
yoveli simReris bolos afxazebi urTaven sacekvao melodias, amitomac,
afxazuri simRera Cveulebriv Sedgeba ori nawilisgan. simReris sacekvao
nawili mimdinareobs sakmaod swraf tempSi, TiTqmis presto-mde~229.
avtorebi aqac xazgasmiT aRniSnaven, rom sacekvao melodiebi ZiriTadad
vokaluri akompanimentiT sruldeba. aqedan gamomdinare, SegviZlia
davaskvnaT, rom vokaluri nawarmoebebis moculobiTi raodenoba sacekvao
nawiliT mTavrdeba.
afxazuri cekvisa da konkretulad ferxulis Sesaxeb, Zuku lolua
wers:230 (ix. afxazuri sacekvao dialeqti, danarTi 9).ùcxoTa sacekvaoSi~
Zuku lolua, savaraudod, adiRe-Cerqezul gavlenas unda gulisxmobdes.
afxazeTis CrdiloeTma nawilma namdvilad ganicada Crdilokavkasiel
eTnosTa gavlena, Tumca mxolod am regionis cekvebis gaTvaliswinebiT
mTlianad afxazuriqoreografiuli xelovnebis daxasiaTeba arasworad
228
Ковач К,Песни кодорских абхазцев, Изд. Акад абхазского языка и литературы, Сухум, 1930, gv. 34
229
Ахобадзе В., Кортуа И., Абхазские песни, ГМИ, Mос., 1957, cтр. 8.
230
qarTuli xalxuri simReris ostatebi, samegrelo, Zuku lolua, `saqarTvelos macne,~
Tb., 2007, gv. 172.
103
mimaCnia, radgan Tavad afxazi eTnografebis Sefasebidan cxadi xdeba,
rom sascenod damuSavebulma xelovnebam Zlieri modificireba ganicada,
rasac politikurma peripetiebmac Seuwyo xeli. v. axobaZis, i. qorTuasa
da Z. loluas mier mowodebuli ferxulTa da zogadad qoreografiul
nawarmoebTa aRwerilobebi XX saukunes ganekuTvneba.
a. arguni àfxazuri Teatris istoriaSi~ aRwers vaJTa axalgazrdul
cekvas, àpsuala~, igive àfxazurs~. rogorc mkvlevari aRniSnavs,
odesRac is Zalian popularuli iyo da sruldeboda, rogorc masobrivi
cekvis, aseve duetis saxiT. xazs usvams cekvis dinamiurobas, siswrafes.
am cekvisTvis fexis cerebze Sesruleba iyo damaxasiaTebeli: `cekva
àpsuala~ sruldeboda Zalian Znelad. vaJkaci da Seupovari afxazebi,
romlebic graciozulad moZraobdnen fexis cerebze, asruleben saocar
Tavbudamxvev naxtomebs rac nebismier sabaleto mocekvaves SeSurdeba.
mxolod afxazebs SeuZliaT maTi Sesruleba aseTi ostatobiT, radgan es
maTi nacionaluri cekvaa~231.
am damokidebulebas sruliad emijneba afxazi eTnografis, m.
lakerbais, SeniSvna avTenturi da sasceno qoreografiis erTmaneTisagan
mowyvetis Sesaxeb. igi aRniSnavs, rom afxazuri xalxuri cekvis Sefaseba
mxolod sascenod warmodgenili variantebiT mizanSewonili ar aris da
amaxvilebs yuradRebas erT-erT moxuc mocekvaveze, romelsac
òriginalurs~ uwodebs. Aaq, savaraudod, avtors avTenturoba hqonda
mxedvelobaSi: `misi originaloba gamoixateba mxolod da mxolod imaSi,
rom is cekvas asrulebs `namdvilad afxazurad~. Cveni azriT, xalxuri
cekvebis damdgmelebma miznad unda daisaxon ara marto ubralo
fotografiuli warmosaxva cekvis suraTisa (rac ase iSviaTad xdeba),
aramed cekvis arsis Cawvdoma, cekvis SemsruleblebisaTvis iseTi
àrtistuli alRos~ povna, romlis drosac yoveli Strixi, yoveli
moZraoba aris savsebiT organuli da gamarTlebuli~232. mkvlevaris mier
gamoTqmuli azri aZlierebs Cven Sexedulebas afxazuri xalxuri
qoreografiis mZlavri modernizebis Sesaxeb.
igive damokidebulebas vxedavT sxva nawarmoebebis mimarTac: `raoden
vaJkacobas da Zalas vgrZnobT Cven afxazuri mxedruli cekvis _
231
Аргун А., История абхазского театра, `Алашара,~ Сухуми, 1978, Стр. 33.
232
lakerbai m., afxazuri Teatris istoriidan, `xelovneba~, Tb., 1957, gv. 22.
104
àuraaSva~ _ mRelvare ritmsa da moZraobaSi, romelic dReisaTvis
samwuxarod daviwyebulia da ar sruldeba. man dahkarga Tavisi stili
sxvadasxva cekvaSi aRrevis gamo. ra Sorsaa afxazuri cekvis
TavSekavebuli xasiaTisa da swori suraTisagan scenaze gamoxtoma,
cxeniviT muxlebze sriali, an xanjali pirSi da wamoZaxilebi àsa~ da
a.S.aseTi saxis cekvaSi afxazuri araferia~233. mxedruli cekva zogadad
cxenis moZraobisTvis damaxasiaTebel leqsikas unda Seicavdes. aseTia
afxazuri saavtoro cekva àCu-,aCu~.
lirikuli xasiaTis afxazur cekvebs ganekuTvneba qalTa cekva
,,lalzini“, rac TargmanSi niSnavs ,,misTvis“ (qalisTvis). afxazeTSi
vaJebi ikribebodnen ra saxalxo dResaswaulebze, irCevdnen sacoleebs,
romlebic qargvaSi saukeTesoni iyvnen. cekva ,,lalzini“ Zvelad
sruldeboda ZiriTadad gasaTxovari qalebis mier dResaswaulebze da
sacxenosno Sejibrebebis dros. is iwyeboda wynari misamReriT da
Sinaarsi aseTi hqonda: man (qalma) gaSala mklavebi, rogorc frTebi,
aqebdnen da Senatrodnen mas, vis budeSic is Sefrindeboda. sTxovdnen, nu
Caufrenda maT uyuradRebod234. (ix. afxazuri sacekvao dialeqti, danarTi
10).
n. dubrovini abazinTa SesrulebiT aRwers qalTa cekvas àlzani~.
`cekva, romelsac abazini qalebi yvelaze xSirad asrulebdnen, iyo
alzani _ lezginkis msgavsi cekva, romelsac isini gasaocari graciiT,
cecxliTa da siamovnebiT asrulebdnen. mamakacebi arasodes iRebdnen
monawileobas am cekvaSi~235.
lekuri. Zuku lolua ase axasiaTebs afxazur lekurs: `lekuri~ raRa
mosatania, es xom pirdapiri gamoxatvaa qarTvelis sicocxlisa, misi
jentlmenobisa da zrdilobisa~236.Aavtori, aseve amaxvilebs yuradRebas
am cekvaSi TvalSisacem damokidebulebaze qalsa da mamakacs Soris, rac
zogadad cekva `qarTulisTvis~ aris damaxasiaTebeli. qoreografiuli
nimuSi cekva `qarTulis~ kuTxur analogs warmoadgens. àfxazur
lekurze~ amaxvilebs yuradRebas eTnografi sergi makalaTiaac: `cekvebSi
233
iqve,
234Аргун А., Неугасающий огонь,`Алашара,~ Сухуми, 1982, стр. 11
235Дубровин Н, История войны и владычества русских на Кавказе, Т.I, кн. II, СПБ, 1871,стр. 20
236
qarTuli xalxuri simReris ostatebi, samegrelo, Zuku lolua, `saqarTvelos
macne,~Tb. 2007, gv. 182.
105
miRebuli iyo (samegreloSi_x.d) afxazuri lekuri, romelSiac mTavari
iyo fexebis wveris ostaturi aTamaSeba, Semovlis simarde da moTamaSe
qalisaTvis gzebis gadaRobva da sxv~237. sergi makalaTia da Zuku lolua
xazs usvamen, rom afxazuri lekuri samegreloSi sruldeboda. aq
usaTuod win iwevs dialeqturi urTierTmimarTebis Tema samegrelosa da
afxazeTs Soris, ris ganmapirobebel mizezadac upirobod arealuri
faqtori ganisazRvreba.
raWuli sacekvao dialeqti

qarTuli sacekvao folkloris mravalferovneba misi
gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebis simdidre da Taviseburebebi ganapiroba
saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi, mTasa Tu barSi Seqmnilma unikalurma
sinTezurma xelovnebam, romlis sinkretizmSi erTiandeba literatura,
musika, mxatvroba da qoreografia. yvelaze meti nimuSi, am TvalsazrisiT,
Semoinaxa mTam. nimuSebs, romelTa damuSavebasa da analizsac Cven
vapirebT, gamorCeulia ara mxolod simravliT, aramed Tavisi
arqaulobiTa da pirvelwyaroebTan siaxloviT. es gaxlavT raWuli
sacekvao dialeqti. vfiqrob, aRniSnuli Temis problematikis srulad
warmosaCenad, mniSvnelovani iqneba misi ganxilva erTian qarTul
folklorul sivrceSi da SedarebiTi analizi sxva kuTxeebisaTvis
damaxasiaTebel sacekvao leqsikasTan. raWuli sacekvao dialeqti
unikaluria Janruli saxesxvaobebis TvalsazrisiTac: Cven aq vxedavT,
rogorc uZveles ferxulebs, aseve msubuqi iumoriT gajerebul
sayofacxovrebo cekvebs, sadac iumori Cans ara mxolod SinaarsSi,
aramed sacekvao enaSic.
raWas sam geografiul arealad yofen: 1. qvemo raWa _ sofel
xidiskaramde, 2. zemo raWa _ sofel uweramde, 3. maRalmTiani anu mTaraWa,
romelic samsofels moicavs: glolas, Rebsa da Wioras. uZveles droSi,
X saukunemde, raWis teritoria Takveris saerisTavos saxeliT iyo
cnobili. mogvianebiT raWis saerisTavoSi svaneTis samxreTi (mTaraWis
teritoria) da leCxumis nawili gaerTianda.
237
makalaTia s., samegrelos istoria da eTnografia, saq. mxareTmcodneobis saz. Tb.,weli
ar aris miTiTebuli, axali gamocema, gv. 280.
106
raWas mdidari xalxuri saganZuri gaaCnia da saqarTvelos zogierTi
kuTxisgan gansxvavebiT, sakmaod kargadac Semoinaxa. raWuli sacekvao
dialeqti unda ganvacalkevoT erTi mxriv, Seqmnis adgilis, anu
warmomavlobis, radgan mocemuli masalis daxarisxebisas es faqtori
umniSvnelovanesiada meore mxriv, Janruli kuTvnilebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
rogorc aRvniSneT, maRalmTian raWas qmnis sami sofeli _ Rebi,
glola, Wiora. swored aq ufro metad, vidre zemo da qvemo raWaSi, aris
Semonaxuli tradiciebiT daculi Zveli yofis niSnebi.
GXIX saukunis Jurnal-gazeTebi mravlad Seicavs istoriul-
eTnografiul cnobebs raWis Sesaxeb, magram Cveni TemisTvis
gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba SeiZina erT-erTma maT Soris _ raWis
mixailovis saswavleblis meTvalyuris TanaSemwis, mRvdel, n. mindelis
mier aRwerilma ferxulTa Sesrulebis wesma da Segrovebulma cxra
raWulma simReram, romlebic mocemulia JurnalSi, abreviaturiT СМОМПК
_ masalaTa krebuli kavkasiel tomTa adgilmdebareobis Sesaxeb.Jurnali
XIX saukunis bolosa da XX saukunis dasawyisSi, wlebis ganmavlobaSi
gamodioda TbilisSi. am gamocemam fasdaudebeli roli Seasrula
kavkasiis xalxis, sxvadasxva eTnosis materialuri Tu sulieri
kulturis aRnusxva-mopovebis saqmeSi. n. mindeli aRwers raWaSi
ferxulis Sesrulebis ZiriTad wessa da tradicias. n. mindelis mixedviT
raWaSi, dResaswaulebze, ZiriTadad istoriul-sabrZolo xasiaTis
simRerebs mRerodnen. simRerebs ferxulis TanxlebiT asrulebdnen,
ferxuli ki ori saxis icodnen: ferxisa anu ferxuli da winmoZRola.
ferxisa anu ferxuli ewyoba sworxazovnad mamakacebis SemadgenlobiT,
meore mwkrivs qmnian qalebi an isev mamakacebi. simRera mimdinareobs
antifonurad. Opirveli ori-sami frazis Sesrulebis Semdeg, mwkrivebi
erTiandebian da qmnian wres. Ferxuli Tavdapirvelad nela moZraobs,
Semsruleblebi gadaadgildebodnen xan win _ marjvniv, xan ukan _
marcxniv; nabijebi, romelic marjvniv keTdeba ufro didia, vidre ukan
gadadgmuli, amitom ferxuli TandaTan moZraobs (gadaadgildeba)
marjvniv. ferxulis tempi bolosken TandaTan matulobs. al msxalaZis
mier aRwerili aWaruli saZeobo ferxulic amave struqturis aris. (ix
aWaruli sacekvao dialeqti). winmoZRolas marTavs winamZRoli, romelic
erTmaneTis zurgsukan Camwkrivebul ferxulis monawileebs, rogorc
107
kacebs, ise qalebs, meTaurobs. winamZRoli, wiTelnaWerdamagrebuli
joxiT xelSi, romelic samxedro droSas gamosaxavs, mReris istoriul
simReras, qamrebze xelCaWidebuli meferxuleebi mas mihyvebian da
moZraobisas sxvadasxva figurebs gamosaxaven. simRera aqac antifonurad
sruldeba238. (ix. raWuli sacekvao dialeqti, danarTi 1).
aqve, n. mindelis mier mocemulia cxra raWuli simRera: 1. `digori
da basiani~ (varianti finaliT - x.d.); 2. `wereTelma daibara osmana da
TaTris jari~; 3. `didi aiZra sulTani~; 4. àmgrigoleam da bekmiam
erTmaneTs misces xelia~; 5. `JReles Camodga osi da dvali~; 6. àmiran da
ymani misni sanadiros wasuliyvnen~; 7. `qalsa visme erqva SruSana~; 8.
`yurSa~; 9. `qriste aRdga~.
TviT dimitri arayiSvilic raWul musikalur folklorze
muSaobisas n. mindelis am aRwerilobas eyrdnoba.
ferxulis Sesaxeb saintereso informacias gvawvdis mkvlevari
elene virsalaZe: `mrgvali gadabmuli~ anu òrfexuri~ ferxuli, or
naxevarwred gayofili, TavTavisi korife SemsrulebliT, mReris
antifonurad. wreSi mxarimxar gadabmuli mocekvaveebi or nabijs
marjvniv da erT patara nabijs marcxniv gadadgamen. simRera xangrZliv
dros moiTxovs, radgan korifeebis Semdgom maT naTqvam frazas orive
gundi cal-calke imeorebs, amitom ferxuli erTi wris Semovlas 3-4
saaTi undeboda. metad saintereso ganmartebas iZleva mkvlevari gverdis
sqolioSi, sadac kidev ufro akonkretebs ferxulis struqturas:
`ferxulSi zogjer as kacze meti iyo Cabmuli Zvelad da iseTi didi wre
Seikvroda, rom kidiTkidemde xma Zlivs wvdeboda. wreSi ebmodnen
sagvareuloebis mixedviT, naTesavebi erTad, napirebSi vaJebi idgnen, rom
ucxo gvaris qal-vaJi erTmaneTis gverdze mxardamxar gadabmulad ar
moxvedriliyo~239. e.i. ferxuls Sereuli saxe hqonda. el virsalaZis
ferxulis aRweriloba n. mindelis aRwerilobasTan msgavsebas amJRavnebs.
mocemuli aRwerilobebiT ferxulTa zogadi saxea warmodgenili. raWaSi
saferxuloTa gansakuTrebiT didi raodenoba (svaneTis Semdeg) da
Janrobrivi mravalferovneba mdidari folkloruli Semoqmedebis
pirdapirproporciulia. ferxulis meore forma sworxazovani iyo da
238
Миндели Н., Картвелския песни, СМОМПКXIX, отд. II. Тифлис, 1894 г., стр. 124.
239
virsalaZe el., qarTuli samonadiro eposi, `mecniereba~, Tb., 1964, gv. 172.
108
erTmaneTisken moZraobda. `ferxulis orive es forma gulismobs
ferxulSi Cabmuli ori gundis arsebobas (pirobiTi naxevarwre `mrgval~
ferxulSi da ori paraleluri mwkrivi). am ori gundis `Sebma~ maTi
`Sejibri~ an wamyvan korifeTa simReraSi an uSualod ori gundis
monawileobiT saferxulo simRerebis ZiriTad musikalur qargas qmnis~240.
(ix. raWuli sacekvao dialeqti, danarTi 2).
dafiqsirebuli informaciis safuZvelze gamoisaxa ferxulis
ZiriTadi saxeebi. mocemuli aRwerilobebidan SegviZlia raWuli
ferxulis formis Sesaxeb, davaskvnaT: 1. ferxisa anu ferxuli,
antifonuri, or mwkrivad ganlagebuli _ erTi mamakacebis, meore qalebis
an isev mamakacebis SemadgenlobiT, romelicOpirveli ori-sami frazis
Sesrulebis Semdeg erTdeba, qmnis wres da moZraobs marjvniv; 2.
winmoZRola, antifonuri, zurgsukan Camwkrivebuli, qamrebSi
xelebCabmuli, rogorc qalTa, aseve mamakacTa SemadgenlobiT moZravi
mwkrivi, romelsac wiTelnaWerdamagrebuli joxiT xelSi, winamZRoli
miuZRvis da moZraobaSi sxvadasxva figuras qmnis; 3. sworxazovani,
antifonuri, Semdgari ori mwkrivisgan, romelic erTmaneTisken moZraobs.
mniSvnelovani informaciis Semcvelia b. niJaraZis mier mTaraWis
erTerT soflSi, RebSi, nanaxi ferxuli _ qalTa `simRera-ferxuli~ da
misi mizani kidev ufro saintereso: `me msurda, aqaurebis da svanebis
simReris kilo da fexi Semedarebina~241. Aseve aRniSnavs, rom svanebsa da
Rebelebs saerTo mxolod erTi ferxuli _ ùSkula xevi daiZra~, gaaCniaT.
Mkvlevari raWul da svanur saferxuloebs Soris mxolod mcireoden
msgavsebas aRniSnavs da xazs usvams raWuli saferxuloebis erTgvarovani
moZraobiT Sesrulebas, gansxvavebiT svanuri saferxuloebisgan,
romlebsac mravalferovani sacekvao leqsika gaaCniaT. aRwerilobaSi
vkiTxulobT: `TviT fexis xmareba ferxulis dros cotaTi hgavs svanurs,
gansxvaveba ufro metia. Aq marto erTnairi fexis xmareba scodniaT
yovels simReris dros, svaneTSi _ ki metadre uSkulis sazogadoebaSi,
romelic ganTqmulia mTels svaneTSi Tavisis simRera-ferxuliT sxva-da-
sxvanairi fexis xmareba ician; magaliTad, simRera `ravqna~ sxvanair
240
iqve,
241
niJaraZe b., (Tavisufali svani) istoriul-eTnografiuli werilebi, t. 2, Tb. un-tis
gam-ba, Tb., 1964, gv. 53.
109
fexis xmarebas Txoulobs, `Tarayul~, `kvicimurgvel~, `dideba
Taringlezelar~, `dideba lamaria uSgvlaSs~, `yaisira~ da sxvas
sxvanairi fexi unda~242. miuxedavad didi pativiscemisa, ver daveTanxmebi
mkvlevars SefasebaSi, radgan man mxolod erT saferxulo nimuSze
dayrdnobiT gamoitana daskvna. rogorc zemoT iqna warmodgenili,
ferxulis formis 3 saxeoba dafiqsirda. formas ki misTvis
damaxasiaTebeli sametyvelo enis Sesatyvisobac axasiaTebs.
sanam folklorul nawarmoebTa ganxilvaze gadavidodeT, zogadad
SevexoT im wes-Cveulebebs, romlebsac raWvelebi weliwadis sxvadasxva
dros sxvadasxva mizeziT marTavdnen.
raWaSi berikul sanaxaobas `beburebi~ da `Cariramas patarZali~
warmoadgendnen. `Carirama~ saferxulo wyobis berikuli sanaxaobaa,
romelsac yovel kvira dRes sanaxSoze (sanaxaobis gasamarTi da
sasaubro adgili) marTavdnen. misi siuJeti berikaobisTvis
damaxasiaTebeli RvTaebis sikvdilis, misi datirebisa da gacocxleba-
aRdgomis naSTs warmoadgens. aq saferxulo mwyobri teqstisa da hangis
mTqmeli aRar aris. teqsti, hangi da qmedeba mTlianad wrisSigniTa
moTamaSis mier sruldeba. ferxuls mxolod taSiscema, erTi da igive
sityvebis wamRerebiT wrisSigniTa moTamaSeebisaTvis akompanimentis
funqcia aqvs SenarCunebuli. amitom, am berikul sanaxaobaSi saferxulo
mwyobrs Tavisi adrindeli mniSvneloba dakarguli aqvs243.
misnuri xasiaTis cekva-TamaSobaTa da jadosnur saweso qmedebaTagan
aRsaniSnavia Teatralizebuli `cxenkacoba~ da òSangeloba~
.`cxenkacobis~ aucilebeli rekviziti xisagan gakeTebuli cxenkaca
gaxldaT, romelsac masze gadamjdari biWi kardakar sofelSi
daagelvebda. danarCeni ori-sami misi amxanagi ki garmoniTa da dairiT
Tanxlebas uwevda244.
Cveni yuradReba miipyro metad saintereso ritualma, romelsac
spartak rexviaSvili mogviTxrobs mTis raWaSi SemorCenili saweso
qmedebebis aRwerisas. TebervalSi, astraluri RvTaebebisadmi miZRvnil
242
niJaraZe b., (Tavisufali svani) istoriul-eTnografiuli werilebi, t. 2, Tb. un-tis
gam-ba, Tb., 1964 iqve: gv. 53.
243
janeliZe d., qarTuli Teatris istoria (w. I, xalxuri sawyisebi); `ganaTleba~, Tb.,
1983, gv. 244.
244
iqve,
110
wes-CveulebaTa Soris `gansakuTrebiT sayuradReboa qalTa saferxulo
simRera `sarale~, romelic am dros (TebervalSi _ x. d.) sruldeboda. am
simRera-ferxulis Sesrulebis wesi aseTi iyo: dedakacebi Caebmebodnen
ferxulSi, aqedan erT-erTi maTgani gamoeyofoda da miwaze daiCoqebda,
pirs mzisken izamda, cali xeliT miwas Seexeboda, meore xels Tavisi
sxeulis im adgilze icemda, romelsac simReris dros axsenebda da ase
simReriT CamoTvlida adamianis sxeulis nawilebs. danarCeni dedakacebi
mis maxloblad moZraobdnen da yoveli muxlis bolos imeorebdnen
korifes naTqvams da Tan `sarales~ dasZaxodnen. yovelive es xdeboda
Sewyobilad, ritmSi ismoda qalTa simReris sevdiani melodia. ase
magaliTad:
daCoqebuli dedakaci: qalTa gundi:
vaime Tavo, Tavo saraleo,
vaime Tvalo, Tvalo saraleo,
vaime gulo, gulo saraleo,
vaime weno (welo) weno saraleo!da a.S.
am simReras, mTqmelTa ganmartebiT, Tavisigarkveuli funqcia
axasiaTebs. mis daniSnulebas warmoadgens miTiur arsebaTa anu
zearsebaTa gulis molmobiereba, maT winaSe muxlmodreka, Tavis
Sewyaleba, raTa avadmyofoba sxeulidan ganidevnos~245.
zemoTaRwerili saxiobis ramdenime simptomaturi niSani
gvafiqrebinebs, rom zebunebrivi Zalebisadmi nayofierebis gamoTxovis
ritualTan gvaqvs saqme; kerZod: tradiciulad TebervalSi Catarebuli
wes-qmedebebi nayofierebis kults ukavSirdeba; piriT mzisken _ rogorc
nayofierebis maorganizebeli RvTaebisken miqceva; amasve miewereba
protagonistis miwaze daCoqeba da erTi xeliT masTan kavSiris
SenarCuneba. samwuxarod, am aRwerilobas ar axlavs gundis mier
Sesrulebuli saferxulo leqsika. savaraudod, meferxuleTa sacekvao
leqsika rTuli ar unda yofiliyo, radgan aqcenti korifes rolze
keTdeba da yuradRebac protagonistiskenaa mimarTuli.
245
rexviaSvili s., saweso leqs-simRerebi mTis raWaSi, `sabWoTa xelovneba~, #8, `sabWoTa
saqarTvelo, Tb., 1962, gv. 79.
111
raWuli qoreografiuli Semoqmedebis Seswavlis TvalsazrisiT
mniSvnelovania Janruli diferencireba da maTi calkeuli ganxilva,
radgan yoveli maTgani kulturuli memkvidreobis Sesabamisi epoqaluri
Sris Semcveli da matarebelia. sacekvao folklori gamoirCeva Janruli
mravalferovnebiT: samonadiro, istoriuli, sagmiro-patriotuli,
religiur-ritualuri, satrfialo, klasTa Soris brZolis amsaxveli.
mizanSewonili iqneba Tu cal-calke ganvixilavT saferxulo da zogadad
sacekvao Semoqmedebas.
Tbilisis v. sarajiSvilis sax. saxelmwifo konservatoriis xalxuri
musikaluri Semoqmedebis laboratoriis fonoTekis arqivi inaxavs
raWuli sasimRero folkloris mniSvnelovan raodenobas, aqedan
sacekvao-saferxuloTa wili sakmaod moculobiTia. saferxulo da
sacekvao simRerebis mniSvnelovani raodenobis miuxedavad, rogorc
masalis Seswavlidan dadasturda, yvelaze myife da daucveli
qoreografiuli nawili aRmoCnda. verbalurma teqstma da musikalur-
vokalurma segmentma meti mdgradoba gamoiCina da Tavi Semoinaxa im
dromde, rodesac Camweri aparaturis gamogoneba gaxda SesaZlebeli.
avTandil TaTaraZis mier Segrovebuli raWuli sacekvao
folkloris nimuSebi fasdaudebel saganZurs warmoadgens da didi
samsaxuri gagviwia am sacekvao dialeqtze muSaobisas, maT Sorisaa:
`maRla mTas modga~, `digorsa dasxdnen vezirni~, `JuJuna~, `qalsa visme~,
àmiranis ferxuli~, `Tamar qali~, òsie~, èrTxel wisqvils
wasvlisaTvis~, `raSovda~. garda zemoT CamoTvlili sacekvao nimuSebisa,
moipoveba, aseve sxvadasxva folkloruli jgufis mier aRdgenili da
mayureblis winaSe warmodgenili nawarmoebebi romelTac qvemoT
warmogidgenT.
raWuli qoreografiuli folkloris ganxilva samonadiro
ferxulebiT iwyeba, radgan qronologiurad es Janri uZvelesia.
mkvlevarebi Tvlian, rom samonadiro poeziis saxeebi gansakuTrebiT
damaxasiaTebelia erT-erTi yvelaze arqauli Sromis simReris _
mTiblurisaTvis. mTaraWaSi, Sromis simRerebad qalTa `qorqali~ da
mamakacTa `RuRuni~ iTvleba. `qorqali~ mkis, xolo `RuRuni~ Tibvis dros
sruldeboda. mkaca da Tibvac waqcevasTan anu gardacvalebasTan
asocirdeboda. es teqstebi micvalebulTa datirebis dros _ zrunis
112
dros iqmneboda da Semdgom zemoTaRniSnuli Sromis procesis TanxlebiT
meordeboda. aqedan gamomdinare maT minoruli xasiaTi hqondaT, maT, aseve
`mTibluri Sairi~ ewodeba. msgavsi tradiacia xevsureTSic arsebobda da
`gvrini~ erqva246.
raWulma folklorma Semoinaxa iseTi uZvelesi unikaluri epikuri
tiloebi monadiruli eposisa, rogorebicaa: ,,Cemo yurSao~,,,amirani~,
,,avTandil gadinadira~, ,,qalsa visme~, ,,ia mTazeda~, Tumca am
ukanasknelma dakarga Tavisi ritualur-saweso mniSvneloba da iqca
satrfialo Sinaarsis baladad. rac Seexeba qoreografiul nawarmoebebs,
maTma nawilma teqstis simyares konkurencia ver gauwia da Cvenamde ver
moRwia. giorgi kalandaZe aRniSnavs, rom `Zveli qarTuli xalxuri
saferxulo simRerebi metwilad baladuri xasiaTisaa~247.
raWaSi gavrcelebuli iyo Tqmuleba, romelic ivane qvacixiselis
ambavs ukavSirdeba. leqsi ivane qvacixiselze qarTuli folkloris
metad saintereso nimuSs warmoadgens. garda raWisa sof. qurTaSi (Sida
qarTli _ x.d.) raWvelebis CasaxlebaSi farTod iyo gavrcelebuli
samonadiro ciklis Tqmuleba `qvacixis Tebru ivane~, romelic
saqarTveloSi farTod gavrcelebuli leqsis, `yurSas~, Sinaarsis
zogierT detalsac Seicavs:248
mTaraWuli legendis Tanaxmad, im uzarmazari qvis ,,qvacixis~
maxloblad (sof. gona, RebTan axlos_x.d.) aSenebulia eklesia, sadac
imarTeboda qvacixesa da qvacixiselis saxelTan dakavSirebuli dReoba.
aRdgomis mesame orSabaTs aq asrulebdnen ferxuls, sadac imRereboda
yurSas leqsi-datireba. Aam dReobas lobJaniZeebis dReobas uwodebdnen.
,,yurSas~, igive qvacixiselis leqss, gadmocemiT, Tibvis drosac
dauRuRunebdnen xolme.
`qvacixiselis~ leqsSi ivanes traRikuli Tavgadasavalia
moTxrobili.miTosur TqmulebaTa uadres versiebSi, rogorc viciT,
monadire iRupeba rogorc nadirTpatroni qalRvTaebisaTvis Sewiruli
sagazafxulo msxverpli. ivanesac, romelsac sacole hyavda (swored misi
danaxvis Semdgom ,,gadmofrindeba~ qarafidan), qalRvTaeba Seityuebs
246
nakaSiZe q., qarTuli glovis simRera, mesxeTi (saistorio krebuli), Tbilisis
universitetis. Ggam-ba, Tb., 1999, gv. 92-99.
247
kalandaZe g., qarTuli xalxuri balada, `saxelgami~, Tb., 1957, gv. 30.
Миндели Н.,Селение Сори, СМОМПК XIX, отд. I. Тифлис,1894 г., стр.126.
248
113
kldeze da uWris ukan Camosasvlel gzas. Ees versia Zlier axlosaa
qarTul folklorSi zogadad gavrcelebul tradiciul ambavTan
monadiresa da qalRvTaebas Soris miRebuli urTieTobis Sesaxeb. msgavsi
siuJetis sakmaod bevri nimuSi moipoveba rogorc aRmosavleT, ise
dasavleT saqarTvelos folklorSi. rogorc viciT, wm. Ggiorgim
warmarTuli nadirTRvTaebis fuqciebi SeiTvisa da iqca ara nadirTa,
aramed monadireTa mfarvelad. albaT amiT aris ganpirobebuli, rom
cnobili, saxelganTqmuli monadiris, ivane qvacixiselis, ambavs leqsi-
datirebis saxiT, swored giorgobas ityvian sof. RebSi.
sof. RebSi ivane qvacixiselis saxelobaze gamarTul lobJaniZeebis
dReobas iv. javaxiSvili wm. giorgis kults ukavSirebs da Tvlis, rom
igive dReobaa, romelic sof. sorSi `nacixurobis~ saxelwodebiT, aseve
gazafxulze, naaRdgomevs, meoTxe kviras, orSabaT dRes, iwyeba da sami
orSabaTis ganmavlobaSi uqmoben. `nacixurobas~ aRniSnaven qristes
brwyinvale aRdgomidan meoTxe orSabaTs da yvela sami wina orSabaTic
nacixurobis saxelze iTvleboda dResaswaulad~249. kvira RamiT soflis
mcxovrebni TavianT stumrebTan erTad miemarTebian adgilisaken,
romelsac `nacixurs~ uwodeben. igi warmoadgens patara moedans, romelic
gadamSi-urekaulis maRlobis bolos mdebareobs. `nacixurze~ dgas Zveli
nagebobis nangrevebi, romelic, gadmocemis Tanaxmad, cixe unda yofiliyo
da eklesiac iqve unda mdgariyo. `nacixuroba~ imarTeboda `vaJebis
bedze~. Sekrebili mosaxleoba loculobda wm. giorgis xatze. `locvis
Semdeg mlocvelebi, romelTa Soris qalebic iyvnen, imarTeboda
ferxulebi, mRerodnen simRerebs, cekvavdnen, mxiarulobdnen gaTenebamde,
gamTeniisas brundebodnen Sin~250.
samonadiro eposis margalitad mTel saqarTveloSi metad
popularuli da gavrcelebuli, `Cemo yurSao~, SeiZleba CaiTvalos. ,,Cemo
yurSaos~ saukeTeso mTqmelad daviT guramiSvili yofila aRiarebuli.
amas axsenebs kidec Tavis ,,daviTianSi~.251
rogorc elene virsalaZe gadmogvcems: `yurSas leqsi organulad
aris CarTuli ivane qvacixiselis saxelTan dakavSirebul TqmulebaSi,
magram, igi arsebobs damoukidebeli saferxulo sasimRero leqsis saxiT.
249
iqve,
250iqve, стр.127.
251
janeliZe d., saxioba, `xelovneba~, Tb., 1958, gv. 216.
114
masindividualuradac, Wianuris akompanimentiT asruleben.Aam
saferxulos melodia metad arqaulia, minoruli, datirebis tipisa. mis
SesrulebaSi gundis, ferxulis ori naxevarwre monawileobs. leqsis
wyoba, refreni, misi saferxulo Sesruleba _ yvelaferi mowmobs mis
uZveles xasiaTze~252.
`yurSao~ mTel saqarTveloSi cnobili leqsia, cnobilia misi
mravali varianti. Cvenamde moRweuli leqsebis umravlesoba Cawerili
yofila raWaSi da swored raWaSi Cawerili teqstebi gaxda umetesad
mecnierTa dainteresebis sagani. miuxedavad imisa, rom epikuri Zeglis
teqsturi variantebi, raWis garda, aRmoCenilia svaneTSi, qarTl-kaxeTSi,
mTiuleTSi, xevsureTSi, xevSi, TuSeTsa da fSavSi, ferxulis
teqnologiuri masala garda mTaraWisa arsad SemorCenila. (amis Tqmis
saSualebas maZlevs uaxloes momavalSi misi aRdgeniTi samuSaoebis
dawyeba, avTentur masalaze dayrdnobiT, eTnomusikolog Tornike
sxierelis mier). d. janeliZe `yurSas~ uZvelesi saxeobis saferxulo
wyobis erTpir ferxulad miiCnevs. Mmas Tavisi moZaxili, e.i. hangisa da
sityvebis mTqmeli da Sembanebeli, Semxmobeli mTeli gundi hyavs 253.am
aRwerilobis mixedviT, ki`yurSa~ erTpiri Sesrulebis wesiT ar unda
xasiaTdebodes.
yurSas msgavsi ZaRli axlavs amiransac. Kkldeze mijaWvul devgmirs
erTguli megobari exmareba Tavisuflebis mopovebaSi. ivane qvacixiselsa
da amirans Soris erTgvari paralelis gavlebis motive warmoiqmneba.
amiranis Tqmulebis raWuli varianti erT-erTi uZvelesi variantia. g.
kalandaZe Zvel samonadiro baladebs akuTvnebs leqss, àmiran da Zmani
misni~ da erTpir ferxulze Sesasrulebel simRerad miiCnevs: àse
sruldeba igi dResac zemo raWaSi. simReris wamyvania erTi korife,
romelic ZiriTad teqsts mReris, xolo gundi mas exmareba da yoveli
striqonis dasasruls _ erT an or sityvas, oTxi marcvlisagan Semdgars
_ imeorebs. amgvari ganmeorebani cekvis ritms awesrigebs da ambis
STabeWdilebas aZlierebs msmenelSi.
252
253
janeliZe d., qarTuli Teatris istoria (w I xalxuri sawyisebi), `ganaTleba~ Tb., 1983,
gv. 93.
115
Aam leqsis svanur variants àmiranis ferxuli~ (àmirani WiSxaS~)
hqvia (`svanuri poezia~, 1939, gv. 383). TviT saxelwodeba gviCvenebs, rom
svaneTSiac es leqsi ferxulze sruldeboda. svanuri teqsti vrcelia.
masSi amiranis devTan brZolis epizodicaa Setanili~254. savaraudod, arc
àmiran da Zmani misni~ unda iyos erTpir ferxulze Sesasrulebeli
simRera.
avTandil TaTaraZe àmiranis ferxulisa~ da ferxul `maRla mTas
modga~sacekvao leqsikas analogiurad Tvlis255. ferxulSi monawileoben
rogorc mamakacebi, aseve qalebi. musikaluri zoma 4/4.
yurSas Tqmulebisa da misi miTosuri saxis damuSavebisas ixsneba
kidev erTi uZvelesi originaluri Zegli dakavSirebuli monadireobis
xanasa da kultTan `qalsa visme erqva SroSani~, (SemoklebiT _
`SruSana~), romelic àmiranisa~ da `yurSa~-,,ivane qvacixiselis~ ambis
winamorbedad warmogvidgenia.
`SruSanas~ Sesaxeb Semdegi cnoba mogvepoveba: àm ferxulis
monawileni mxolod qaliSvilebi arian. ferxuli iwyeba ara wriT aramed
swori xazis mwkriviT, Semdeg ki Seadgenen wres, romelic saritualo
xasiaTs atarebs. simRera sruldeba or gundad, antifonurad, rogorc
yvela am saxis simRera. Aam simReras igive teqsti aqvs, rac saferxulo
`sio-SruSanas~ (aq mxolod saxelwodebaa Semoklebuli). am jgufis
simRerebis Sesaxeb SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Tumca isini warmoadgenen Zveli
sakulto daniSnulebis ferxulis gadmonaSTs, magram axla dakarguli
aqvs is funqcia, romelic eniWebodaT Zvelad da SemorCenilan rogorc
Cveulebrivi saxis saferxulo simRerebi~256.
Fferxuls `qalsa visme~ (igive `SruSana~), avTandil TaTaraZe
naSromSi `qarTuli xalxuri qoreografiis ZiriTadi sakiTxebi~,
patriotuli xasiaTis ferxulad miiCnevs. Aamis safuZvlad mohyavs Tavad
erisTavis qalis Tavganwiruli saqcieli. Mmisi azriT, am ferxulis
Seqmnis mizeziaris XVIII s. 60-ian wlebSi,`qarTlis cxovrebis qronikebSi~
moTxrobili, erisTavis qalis TviTmkvlelobis ambavi.
254
255
TaTaraZe a., qarTuli xalxuri cekva, saqarTvelos folkloris saxelmwifo centri,
Tb., 2010, gv. 139.
256
arayiSvili d., raWuli xalxuri simRerebi,`xelovneba~, Tb., 1950, gv. 15.
116
el. virsalaZis naSromSi `qarTuli samonadiro eposi~, es nawarmoebi
detalurad aris ganxiluli. Aavtori mas Soreuli warsulis periodis
Zeglad miiCnevs da ukavSirebs samonadiro eposs.Mmisi argumentirebuli
kvleva da mtkiceba eWvs ar badebs da abaTilebs im zedapirul versias,
rac erTi SexedviT gaxda sarwmuno mkvlevarTa nawilisTvis: ès leqsic,
`yurSas~ msgavsad, uZvelesi saferxulo Sesrulebisaa. aRsaniSnavia isic,
rom am ferxulis Sesrulebas raWaSi dRemde aSkara saweso xasiaTi aqvs
SerCenili. am ferxuls, iseve, rogorc beTqilis ferxuls svaneTSi
aRebis Ramis wina dRes asrulebdnen qalebi. am dRes qalebi dilidan
arc wyals ar ekarebodnen (aqedan termini ùrwyoba~). am leqsis da kidev
ramdenime saweso sagazafxulo simReris mReriT, qalTa ferxuli soflis
yovel saxls moivlida, xolo saRamos yvelieri iwyeboda. mTa raWis
mTqmelTa mowmobiT, es ferxuli ZiriTadad qalTa mier sruldeboda,
(rac agreTve mis arqaulobasmowmobs)~257.
`qalsa visme~ orpiruli, samxmiani simReraa, musikaluri zomiT
3/4.ferxulis`qalsa visme~ dRevandel versiebSi ki, saferxulo nawils
ZiriTadad ebmis `raSovda~ da `gastakuni~, rac qoreografis (an
ansamblis xelmZRvanelis _ x.d.) sascenod Sedgenili nawarmoebis
STabeWdilebas tovebs. ansambl `Zirianis~ Sesrulebul `qalsa vismes~
ar axlavs sxva raime swrafi cekva da ufro axlosaa
avTenturobasTan258.Ees detali mimaniSnebelia sasceno qoreografiaSi
farTod gavrcelebul da miRebul Cvevaze, rodesac ferxuls romelime
swrafi cekva agrZelebs da asrulebs.
ferxulebis: `qalsa visme~, àmiranis ferxuli~, `maRla mTas modga~
sacekvao leqsika a. TaTaraZis mixedviT (`qarTuli xalxuri cekva~)
identuria.
Semdegi rgoli, romelic samonadiro eposis erTian jaWvs zrdis,
gaxlavT kidev erTi ferxuli ,,ia mTazeda~. qarTuli folkloris es
unikaluri nimuSi Semoinaxa rogorc mTam, ise barma. el. virsalaZis
`qarTul samonadiro eposSi~ daculi teqsti dedakacebis ferxulisa, ìa
mTazeda~, qarTlSic icodnen.
257
virsalaZe el., qarTuli samonadiro eposi, `mecniereba,~ Tb., 1964, gv. 68.
258
mogzauroba folklorSi, raWa, mexuTe nawili,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2E1Oov01cCs
117
g. kalandaZe, leqss, ìa mTazeda~, satrfialo baladebs Soris
asaxelebs da aRniSnavs, rom mis pirvandel gundur-sacekvao
daniSnulebas leqsis kompozicia, Tavisi dialoguri xasiaTiT, naTlad
adasturebs. Mis arqaulobas adasturebs aseve sxva sasimRero
leqsebisaTvis erT-erTi mTavari personaJis, irmis, arseboba, romelsac
sanadirod wasul siZe-simamrs Soris, siZe klavs, Semdgom ki Tavad
simamris tyviiT kvdeba.
àm leqsis dialoguriagebuleba da teqstis arqauloba
gvafiqrebinebs, rom igi Tavdapirvelad sagundo-sacekvao simRera iyo.
simReris pirvel nawils gundi asrulebs, xolo meore nawils, mama-
Svilis dialogs, _ gundis ori korife:
g u n d i: ia mTazeda, Tovlianzeda,
ia davTese, vardi mosula, da a.S.259 (ix. teqsti 6)
A am baladis mTiuluri varianti vrcelia. Semdgom ferxuli agrZelebs
im traRediis aRweras, rac teqstSia mocemuli. igi qalis mier saqmros
datirebiT grZeldeba, sadac qali mamas sanTelsa da cul-walds sTxovs
daRupuli saqmrosken gzis gasakvalad. orive variantisTvis
damaxasiaTebelia emociuri simZafre.
mame cul-waldio, gza Cavikafovo,
mame sanTelio,gza gavinaTlovoo da a.S. 260 (ix. teqsti 7)
nawarmoebebs _ `Cemo yurSao~, ,,ivane qvacixiseli~, ,,qalsa visme~ _
ritualuri xasiaTi aqvT SemorCenili, ,,ia mTazeda~ ki aris am siuJetis
ganviTarebis Semdgomi safexuri, romelsac sayofacxovrebo baladis saxe
aqvs miRebuli. amasve adasturebs g. kalandaZis monografiis specialuri
Tavi miZRvnili samonadiro baladisadmi. Mmisi azriT samonadiro-
saferxulo simRerebis saxiT Cvenamde Semoinaxa Zveli qarTuli
baladebi, romlebic nadirobis RvTaebis sadideblad gamarTul
dResaswaulze cekvis TanxlebiT sruldeboda261. el. virsalaZe ki
aRniSnavs, rom sazogadoebis ganviTarebasTan erTad Zvelma saweso-
ritualurma Cveulebebmac azri dakarga da droTa ganmavlobaSi
transformirda, sxva JanrSi gadainacvla. amitomac, miuxedavad
259
260
iqve: gv. 97.
261
iqve: gv. 82.
118
monadireobis TemasTan uSualo kavSirisa, ìa mTazeda~, gaerTianebulia
satrfialo baladebSi.
samonadiro folkloris nimuSad iTvleba kidev erTi saferxulo
simRera àvTandil gadinadira~:
avTandil gadinadira
qedi maRali, tyiani da a.S.262
es saferxulo leqsi amoRebulia `tarielidan~, anu `xalxuri
vefxistyaosnidan~. raWaSi, uwin, àvTandil gadinadiras~ mayrul
simRerad miiCnevdnen: `yvela informatori xazs usvams mayrulSi
aucileblad àvTandil gadinadiras~ Sesrulebas:`ro vimRerebdiT:
netav nefis dedasao,
ra kargi rZali mogvyavso.
mas aucileblad movayolebdiT àvTandil gadinadiras~263.
amasve adasturebs sxva informatoric: `mayruli simReraa es _
`qalebmac vicodiT mayarSi wasvla, simReriT. ferxulSic vityodiT
qorwilSi~264.rogorc informatorTa monaTxrobidan Cans, mayruli
simRera, àvTandil gadinadira~, qorwilSi ferxulis saxiTac
sruldeboda.
el. virsalaZis azriT àvTandil gadinadiras~ mayrulad qceva
ganapiroba uwin, Cveulebriv, qorwilebis adre gazafxulze gadaxdam
nacvlad Semodgomisa. gazafxuli ki bunebis aRdgena-ganaxlebis,
gacocxlebis azrobrivi analogia da SesaZlebelia, saqorwino
ceremoniac sagazafxulo dReobaTa ciklSi Semavali rituali gaxldaT.
mkvlevari varaudobs, SesaZlebelia swored sagazafxulo, agrarulma
ritualebma gadasca bevri ram saqorwino poezias. am leqss Tibvis
drosac ambobdnen.
saferxulo simRera àvTandil gadinadira~, mecnierebis azriT,
analogs poulobs qarTul popularul simRerasTan:
Cvens mefes unadirnia265
262
virsalaZe el, mTisa da zemo raWis sawesCveulebo poeziis zogierTi sakiTxi ,
xalxuri poezia da proza, qarTuli folklori, VII masalebi da gamokvlevebi,
`mecniereba~, Tb., 1977, gv. 88.
263
iqve: gv. 87.
264
iqve: gv. 87.
265
iqve: gv. 88.
119
magram, rogorc aRvniSneT, igi garda mayrulisa, mWidro kavSirs
amJRavnebs agrarul sasimReroleqsebTan _ nadurebTan da mTiblurebTan.
mkvlevarTa rigi gamoTqvams mosazrebas saqorwino ritualis
agrarul magiasTan kavSiris Sesaxeb. mkvlevari el. virsalaZe aviTarebs
Temas sxvadasxva Janris Serwymis, gamTlianebis Sesaxeb: àq wamoiWreba
metad saintereso problema _ JanrTa difuziisa. cnobilia, rom
àvTandil gadinadiras~ leqss asruleben dasavleT saqarTveloSi
nadurSi an Tibvidan dabrunebisas, ferxulSi. am leqsis Sesruleba
mayrulSi damowmebulia qarTlSic~266. Cveni azriT, amaSi gasakviri
araferia, radgan raWasa da mis momijnave qarTls Soris bevr analogias
aqvs adgili. Cven am Temas mogvianebiT SevexebiT.
metad saintereso informacias gvawvdis mkvlevari nino abakelia,
raWaSi saqorwilo ritualTan dakavSirebiT: `raWaSi, vaJis saxlSi,
qorwilis dros ferxulis Sesruleba savaldebulo yofila. 20-30 kaci
xelixelgadaxveulni wriulad uvlidnen da Tan orpirulad mRerodnen:
`yurZenma Tqva mec xili var
yvela xilze ukeTesi~, da a.S. (ix. teqsti 8)
mocekvaveTa erTi rigi erT xazs ambobda, meore rigi _ meore xazs da
ase enacvleboda ori rogi erTmaneTs simReraSi. simReris taqtis ayoliT
nela uvlidnenwres~.267
ferxulis aRweriloba mniSvnelovania, radgan CvenTvis, nawilobriv
mainc, cxadi xdeba, Tu ra saxis ferxulTan gvaqvs saqme. kerZod:
ferxulis forma wriulia da xelixelgadaxveuli; tempi nelia,
savaraudod, martiv nabijebze an nabijTa Soris pauzebsa da fexTa
monacvleobaze unda iyos agebuli; simRera orpiruli, radgan ori rigi
enacvleba erTmaneTs; mravalricxovania _ Sedgeba 20-30 Semsruleblisgan;
Semadgenloba _ mamakacTa _ im SemTxvevaSi, Tu avtori `20-30 kacSi~
konkretulad sqess gulisxmobs da ara zogadad adamians. Tumca am
nawarmoebis musikaluri nawili CvenTvis ucnobia.
raWaSi, onis raionSi, qorwilis Sesaxeb aseT informacias gvawvdis
mkvlevari lili gvaramaZe: ònSi Camodioda raWis mazris TiTqmis yvela
mcxovrebi. 12 saaTze nefe-dedoflis ojaxebi ikribebian eklesiis
266
iqve: gv. 88.
267
abakelia n., simbolo da rituali qarTul kulturaSi, Tb., 1997, gv. 145.
120
galavanSi da iyofian wreebad ise, rom sapatarZlo mSoblebiTa da maTi
stumrebiT sxedan wrisagan gancalkevebiT. niSnobis wesis Sesrulebis
Semdeg iwyeba cekva zurniT. cekvaSi nefe-dedofali pirvel rols
asruleben. sainteresoa mocekvaveTa yureba, romelTa Soris ramdenime
daniSnuli wyvili erTmaneTs ejibreba simarjvesa da sinarnareSi~268.
saferxulod miiCneven qorwilis dros Sesasrulebel `jvari
winasas~, romelic mkvlevarebis mtkicebiT, dasavleT saqarTvelos
kuTxeebidan mxolod raWaSia gavrcelebuli. `nefis saxlSi
axalgazrdebi samjer Semouvlidnen keras `jvariswinas~ simReriT~.269
`jvari winasas~ Sesruleba aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi icodnen, rac kidev
erTxel usvams xazs musikalurad raWuli folkloris Sualedur
dialeqtad miCnevis versias. amasve amtkicebs eTnomusikologi Teona
ruxaZe da xazs usvams saweso qmedebis saferxulo xasiaTs: ìmis gamo,
rom simReris musikaluri mxare aSkarad gamoxatuli saferxulo wyobis
niSan-Tvisebebs atarebs, `jvari winasa~ ferxulad miiCneva. saferxulo
Sesruleba TavisTavad ganapirobebs `jvari winasas~ orpirulobas~270.
raWul folklorSi mniSvnelovan Sres qmnis istoriuli da sabrZolo
xasiaTis ferxulebi, romelTagan gansakuTrebul yuradRebas imsaxurebs
`digorsa dasxdnen vazirni~ da `maRla mTas modga~.
ferxuli `digorsa dasxdnen vezirni~ ar gaxlavT mxolod
folklorul-qoreografiuli nimuSi, mas SegviZlia mxatvrul-istoriuli
tiloc vuwodoT, radgan masSi gadmocemulia istoriuli faqti,
romelsac XVIII s. bolos hqonda adgili. xalxma ki didi emociuri
zegavlenidan gamomdinare, am ambis ukvdavsayofad, ferxuli Seqmna. es
nawarmoebi folkloruli sinkretizmis mTeli sisruliT aris
SemorCenili. teqsts gaaCnia variantebi (arsebobs svanuri variantic),
musikaluri da qoreografiuli nawilebi mxolod raWuli folkloris
268
269
virsalaZe el., mTisa da zemo raWis sawesCveulebo poeziis zogierTi sakiTxi ,
`mecniereba~, Tb., 1977, gv. 84
270
ruxaZe T.,qarTuli saqorwilo musika _ stilisa da da Janris sakiTxebi , Tbilisis
vano sarajiSvilis saxelobis saxelmwifo konservatoria (xelnaweris uflebiT),
xelovnebaTmcodneobis doqtoris akademiuri xarisxis mosapoveblad warmodgenili
disertaciis avtoreferati, 2013, gv. 13.
121
kuTvnilebaa. leqsis, SeiZleba iTqvas, yvelaze sruli versia mocemuli
aqvs n. mindels271.
rac Seexeba ferxuls `maRla mTas modga~, aseve srulad aris
SemorCenili qarTul sacekvao folklorSi. misi teqsturi, musikaluri
da qoreografiuli aRweriloba, mocemuli aqvs avTandil TaTaraZes
Tavis naSromSi `qarTuli xalxuri qoreografiis istoriis sakiTxebi~. am
ferxulis mravali varianti arsebobs. maT Soris, iv. javaxiSvilis
SromaSi `qarTuli musikis istoriis ZiriTadi sakiTxebi~, Semdegi cnobaa
mocemuli: `ferxuls `maRla mTas modga ucxo frinveli~, romelic
orpiruli simReraa, e.i. ori gundisagan monacvleobiT asasrulebeli,
iwyebs meore xma, mas mohyveba pirveli, wminda xma da bani~272. avTandil
TaTaraZe xalxur gadmocemaze dayrdnobiT, ferxuls `maRla mTas modga~,
orsarTulianad miiCnevs.
mkvlevari d. janeliZe aRniSnavs orpiri ferxulebis Sesaxeb: `mTel
rig orpir ferxulSi pirveli naxevarmwyobri iwyebs, meore ki bolo
sityvebs CamoarTmevs da ganagrZobs, Semdeg isev pirveli iwyebs meore
naxevarmwyobris bolo sityvebis ganmeorebiT da gagrZelebiT. Mmisive
dakvirvebiT, orpiri ferxuli, mrgvali ferxulis im formebTan
SedarebiT, sadac meore naxevarmwyobri mxolod imeorebs damwyebis mier
naTqvam taeps, warmoadgens ufro rTul, ganviTarebul formas~273.
ferxulis es wyoba raWuli ferxulebis Sesaxeb, literaturuli
wyaroebiT mopovebul, zemoTCamoTvlil ZiriTad saferxulo
saxeobaTagan, `mrgvali gadabmuli~, òrfexuri~, Seesabameba.
arsebobs aseve S. aslaniSvilis mier 1928 w. Cawerili ferxisa ara
ori gundis monacvleobiT, aramed damwyebisa da gundis monacvleobiT.
saferxulo nawarmoebebis variantebisTvis damaxasiaTebelia Sesrulebis
sxvadasxvagvaroba, rac morigeobiT orpirulobaSi, damwyebis, pirveli
naxevarwris gameorebis, meore naxevarwris gameorebis an mxolod bolo
frazis gameorebis da a. S., mdgomareobs.
raWuli epikur-istoriuli Janris TvalsaCino nimuSia ferxuli
`Savlego~. Aam leqsis raWuli varianti, romelic a. TaTaraZes mocemuli
271
Миндели Н., Картвелския песни, СМОМПК XIX, отд. II. Тифлис, 1894 г., стр.126.
272
javaxiSvili iv., qarTuli xalxuri musikis ZiriTadi sakiTxebi, `xelovneba~,Tb., 1990,
gv. 101
273
122
aqvs Tavis naSromSi `qarTuli xalxuri qoreografiis istoriis
sakiTxebi~, eTnografiul-istoriul ganxilvas, vfiqrob, ar saWiroebs,
radgan masSi aRwerili movlena da ferxulis mTavari gmiri yvelasaTvis
cnobilia Sua saukuneebis istoriuli warsulidan. misadmi miZRvnil
ferxuls ara mxolod raWaSi, aramed mTel saqarTveloSi asrulebdnen.
avTandil TaTaraZe ambobs: `raWaSi, raWuli ferxulebis gverdiT,
vxvdebiT qarTl-kaxuri ferxulis _ `Savlegos~ _ erT-erT variants,
romelSic fexis moZraoba raWuli ferxulebis fexis moZraobis msgavsia.
Tu `Savlegos~ raWul variantSi fexis moZraobas qarTl-kaxuri ZiriTadi
variantisaTvis saWiro fexis moZraobad miviCnevT, SesaZlebloba
mogvecema, amJamad CvenTvis ucnobi qarTl-kaxuri ferxulis, `Savlegos~,
fexis moZraoba davadginoT~274. ver gaviziarebT avtoris mosazrebas, rom
am erTi ferxuliT SesaZlebelia qarTl-kaxuri saferxulo nimuSis
dadgena, radgan rodesac esa Tu is folkloruli nimuSi wydeba misi
Seqmnis avTentur garemos da gadadis sxva regionSi, ganicdis im uwyveti
tradiciuli xazis gavlenas, rac obieqturi Tu subieqturi pirobebis
zegavleniT, axal viTarebaSi xvdeba. es procesi xangrZliv droiT
monakveTSi mimdinareobs. garda amisa, qarTl-kaxuri ferxulebidan,
leqsikuri TvalsazrisiT, faqtobrivad, araferi gvaqvs xelT, raWaSi ki
`Savlegos~ saferxulo leqsika, rogorc a. TaTaraZe wers, sxva raWuli
ferxulebis analogiuria275.
saqarTveloSi, gansakuTrebiT raWaSi, Tamar mefis an vinme Tamaris
saxels bevri folkloruli nimuSi ukavSirdeba. maTi didi nawili
saferxuloa, Tumca, zogierTi maTgani mxolod leqsis saxiT SemorCa,
radgan hangic ki dakarguli aqvT, ara Tu sacekvao leqsika. maT krebiTad
raWul Tamarikebs uwodeben da erTi simReris variantebad moiazreben
msgavsebis gamo. vinme Tamarisadmi an Tamar mefisadmi miZRvnili nimuSebis
gansakuTrebuli simravle istoriuli personaJisadmi qarTveli xalxis
siyvaruliT aris ganpirobebuli. esenia: `Tamar qali~, `Tamariki~,
`Tamarika~, `Tamarikis simRera~, `waiyvanes Tamar-qali~, `waiyvanes
274
Tb., 2010, gv. 111.
275
iqve: gv. 140.
123
Tamariki~,276`Tamaris saferxulo~.`Tamaris saferxulos~ orpirulad
ityvian ferxulSi, qorwilSi _ yvelgan, bednier adgilas~; `Tamaris
simReras~ `Zvelad orfexur ferxulSi ityodes. axla mrgvalSiac
amboben, ubraloSi~277. qarTlsa da kaxeTSi Caweril nimuSebs,
`wuTisoflis stumrebi varT~, `Tamar mefe da xonTqari~, sacekvao nawili
dakarguli aqvs. xolo, raWuli`Tamar mefe xalxsuyvarda~ hangis gareSe
SemorCenilTa Sorisaa. TamarTan dakavSirebiT gudastvirze
dasamRerebelic arsebobda. a. TaTaraZis mier dafiqsirebuli ferxuli
`Tamar qali~, sruldeba qalTa da vaJTa Sereuli SemadgenlobiT,
musikaluri zoma _ 3/4. es ferxuli ar aris wriuli formis, warmoadgens
rkalismagvar ferxisas278.
aqve unda aRvniSno, rom raWuli ferxuli `Tamar qali~, SesaZloa,
arc vinme Tamars da arc Tamar mefes eZRvnebodes, radgan teqstur
variantebSi uZvelesi, arqaikis Semcveli gauSifravi informacia inaxeba.
Tornike sxierelis azriT, raWuli Tamariki ufro Zvelia musikalurad
da struqturulad, vidre svanuri `Tamar dedfali~. ucnobi da arqauli
teqstebi saerTod ar ukavSirdeba araviTar Tamars da kompilaciasTan
gvaqvs saqme279. eTnomusikologi mas ufro saqorwilo ferxulad Tvlis
da Tamaris saxelTan mis kavSirs Tamaris epoqas ukavSirebs.
istoriuli ambis amsaxvelia ferxuli `wereTelma dagvibara~. akaki
wereTlis 1912 wels 23 ivliss, raWa-leCxumSi cnobili mogzaurobis
dros, sofelma didi mgosnis winaSe waradgina swored es ferxuli.
barakonSi, raWis erisTavis saxlSi gamarTuli ferxulis amsaxveli
videoCanaweri n. mindelis mier aRwerili ferulis msgavsia. raWuli
ferxulisTvis simptomaturia gafarToeba da Seviwroeba
gadaadgilebisas. Semadgenlobac aRwerilis analogiuria: calke qalTa
Semadgenlobisa da calke mamakacTa Semadgenlobis gaerTianebiT
miRebulia didi wre, romelic erT ritmSi moZraobs marjvniv. 280
276
CitaZe n., qarTveli mefeebi xalxur musikaSi, Tbilisis vano sarajiSvilis saxelobis
saxelmwifo konservatoria, samagistro naSromi, Tb. 2012, gv. 22.
277
iqve: gv. 34.
278
Tb., 2010, gv. 142.
279
interviu eTnomusikolog Tornike sxierelTan.
280
akaki wereTlis mogzauroba raWa-leCxumSi https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oMhfsbBpDdM
(ukanasknelad nanaxia 27/12/2017).
124
`jamaTac~ istoriuli Janris kuTvnilebad unda ganvixiloT, masSi
asaxuli ambis gaTvaliswinebiT. wlebis win momeca SesaZlebloba
Camewera a. TaTaraZis mier qalTa folklorul ansambl `mzeTamzeSi~
dadgmuli ferxuli: ferxuli ewyoba wreze, saxiT wrisaken, sawyisi fexis
I pozicia. mklavTa mdgomareoba xelixelCabmuli. musikaluri zoma 4/4.
ferxuli agebulia tradiciul raWul avTentur saferxulo leqsikaze
(ix. raWuli sacekvao dialeqti, danarTi 3).
saferxuloebi òsie~ da àiZra didi sulTani~,aseve sabrZolo-
istoriul Janrs ganekuTvneba. a. TaTaraZes, krebulSi `qarTuli xalxuri
cekva~, mocemuli aqvs fesxuli òsie~ teqsturi da musikaluri nawiliT
da aRniSnavs, rom am ferxulebis `teqnologiuri masala ferxulis _
`digorsa dasxdnen vezirni~ _ identuria~281. ferxulis Semadgenloba
Sereulia, tempi _ zomieri, musikaluri zoma _ 3/4.282
ferxulTa Semdgom rgols amindis cvalebadobis ganmsazRvreli
RvTaebisadmi miZRvnili saweso qmedebebi warmoadgens. cnobilia, rom
nadirTpatroni, bunebis movlenebis, amindis mfarveladac evlineba
monadires. albaT, am motiviT iyo ganpirobebuli, rom ìvane
qvacixiselis~ ambavs amindis cvlilebis drosac ambobdnen. sagazafxulo
ferxulTa erTi nawili swored am RvTaebis sadidebels warmoadgens. mag:
ferxulebi, `JuJuna wvima~ da `maRlidan gadmomdgariyo~, mWidrod iyo
dakavSirebuli sagazafxulo ritualebTan, yvelieris saweso
sanaxaobebTan: am saweso-sagazafxulo simRerebis mReriT qalTa ferxuli
soflis yovel saxls moivlida, xolo saRamos yvelieri iwyeboda.
`SruSanasa~ da `JuJunas~ saweso tradiciuli rituali, faqtobrivad,
identuria. yvelieris dasawyisis urwyobis dros `qalsa vismes~
(`SruSana~) Sesrulebac aris dafiqsirebuli. Tumca, am nawarmoebebsac
dakarguli aqvs Tavisi Tavdapirveli mniSvneloba: ìseTi
maRalmxatvruli, daxvewili leqs-simRerebi, rogoricaa `JuJuna wvima~,
`maRlidan gadmomdgariyo~, `qalo, anao, banao~, romlebic mTel
saqarTveloSi aris cnobili, rogorc satrfialo individualuri an
sagundo leqs-simRerebi da wesCveulebasTan yovelgvari kavSiri aqvT
281
TaTaraZe a., qarTuli xalxuri cekva, Tb., 2010, gv. 151.
282
ferxuli òsie~ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wdp9yvjpzZYansambli
`buba~https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MIqO3FqC9uk_ 1997 wlis Canaweri (ukanasknelad
nanaxia 22. 06. 2018).
125
gawyvetili, zemo da mTa raWaSi mtkiced aris dakavSirebuli
sagazafxulo nayofierebis ritualebTan, yvelieris saweso
ferxulebTan~283.
a.ATaTaraZe `JuJunas~ satrfialo xasiaTis ferxulTa rigSi
moixsenebs teqsturi masalidan gamomdinare. `ferxulSi monawile qal-
vaJebi winaswar ewyobian erT mwkrivSi, rkalze da ase wris Seukvrelad,
simRerasTan erTad, iwyeben svlas marjvniv. Semdeg rkali Suaze gaiyofa
da es ori naxevari erTmaneTis sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebiT moZraobs
(yoveli Sexvedrisas erTi naxevari meores win gauvlis).
gadmocemiT, ferxulis monawileni wres Sekraven mxolod ferxulis
bolos, daskvniT nawilSi. amis gamo, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom `JuJuna~
ZiriTadSi ferxisas ufro waagavs, vidre ferxuls.
ferxuli `JuJuna~ sruldeba amave saxelwodebis orpirul samxmian
simReraze, romlis musikaluri zoma 3/4-ia~284.
a. TaTaraZis mier krebulSi `qarTuli xalxuri cekva~ aRwerili
ferxulis samive varianti, SemsrulebelTa Semadgenlobis mixedviT,
Sereulia. pirveli da meore variantebis forma naxevarwre, anu rkalia,
mesame variants ki ferxisuli saxe aqvs, romelic Semdgom rkalad iqceva.
JuJunas ferxuli samaisodac icodnen xolme. qalebi mwkrivad
Caebmebodnen ferxulSi, uvlidnen saTes-saxnavs, yanebsa da baRebs. aq
naTlad Cans amindisadmi miZRvnili ritualuri qmedeba, romelsac
nayofierebis kultis niSnebi esaxeba. misi mniSvnelobis Semofargvla
mxolod rogorc saxumaro-iumoristuli, simarTles ar Seefereba,
miuxedavad imisa, rom ferxulebis nawili kargavs sakralur
mniSvnelobas da iZens sayofacxovrebo datvirTvas.
1951 wlis 9/VIII daTariRebul Canawers, romelicTbilisis v.
sarajiSvilis sax. saxelmwifo konservatoriis xalxuri musikaluri
Semoqmedebis laboratoriis biblioTekaSia daculi,ferxulis, `JuJuna~,
sanoto masalasTan erTad mcire aRwerilobiTi teqstic axlavs.
asrulebs sof. Wioras (onis raioni _ x.d.) sakolmeurneo gundi akaki
gobejiSvilis xelmZRvanelobiT: `ferxulSi iReben monawileobas qalebi
da vaJebi, romlebic TandaTan akeTeben cel-calke wres da Semdeg orive
283
284
126
jgufi mrgvlad uvlis erTi-meoris sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebiT. qalTa
wris Sua moZraobs erTi qali, romelsac umRerian simReras da
saferxulo cekva mTavrdeba erTad~285. am aRwerilobaSi saferxulo
formis kidev erT variants vxedavT ori wris saxiT da protagonisti
SemsrulebliT. savaraudod, aq wre-wreSi Casmul ferxulTan gvaqvs saqme,
romlis centrSi ferxulis personaJi, JuJuna, cekvavs. Tumca, SesaZloa,
ferxulis formis am versias avtori hyavdes.
sagazafxulo ferxulebSi yuradRebas iqcevs saaRdgomo `madli
maxarobelsa~, romelic sagazafxulo dResaswaulis mxiarul
ganwyobilebas, yvela sulieris sixarulsa da aRtacebas gadmogvcems.
teqsti uaRresad sainteresoa, igi TiTqos locvaa umaRlesi RvTaebisa
mTeli samyarosadmi miZRvnili. ivane javaxiSvili mas orpir ferxulad
miiCnevs: àRdgomis dResaswaulze mRerodnen `qriste aRsdga, gixaroden,
gixaroden!~ sam xmad: iwyebs maRali xma, Semdeg mohyveboda meore da bani.
bans bevri ambobda, pirvelsa da meores TiTo-TiTo an ramdenime.
mRerodnen da Tan cekvavdnen wris garSemo. wris xan erTi wyeba
imRerebda, xan meore; erTmaneTs Seenacvlebodnen xolme~286.
eTnomusikologi Tornike sxiereli ki aseT informacias gvawvdis:
`qristes ferxuls~, romelsac micvalebulis drosac asrulebdnen,
rogorc musikalurad, aseve qoreografiuli TvalsazrisiT, variantebi
gaaCnda. aRdgomis Ramis litaniobis dasrulebis Semdeg, mamlis
yivilamde, meferxuleebi gadiodnen sasaflaoze, miulocavdnen
micvalebulebs aRdgomas, ferxuliTve brundebodnen ukan da taZris
garSemoc abamdnen ferxuls. iyo SemTxvevebi, rodesac ori ferxuli
xvdeboda erTmaneTs da Semdeg erT did ferxulad erTiandebodnen,
zogjer erTi soflidan meore sofelSi ferxuliT gadiodnen da ukan
brundebodnen~287. es faqti formalur garemoSi xalxuri Semoqmedebis
farTod gavrcelebaze metyvelebs.
285
Tbilisis v. sarajiSvilis sax. saxelmwifo konservatoriis xalxuri musikaluri
Semoqmedebis laboratoriis arqivi, sanoto krebuli (xelnaweris saxiT).sainventaro #
1498.
286
javaxiSvili iv., qarTuli musikis istoriis ZiriTadi sakiTxebi , `xelovneba~ Tb., 1990.,
gv. 68.
287
mogzauroba folklorSi, raWa, meoTxe nawili.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7sozmlPElUw (ukanasknelad gadamowmebulia 22. 06. 2018)
127
raWul `qristes ferxuls~ sruli sinkretuli saxiT asrulebs
ansambli `Ziriani~. ferxulis srtuqturuli wyoba inarCunebs wriul
formas288, meore varianti qristes ferxulisa, `qriste aRdga, madli
maxarobelsa~, aseve ansambl `Zirianis~ SesrulebiT, wriuli formisa da
SemsrulebelTa Sereuli saxisaa289. pirveli da meore variantebi sacekvao
leqsikis TvalsazrisiT gansxvavebuli da mravalferovania.
uaRresad mniSvnelovania raWis, mixailovis saswavleblis
meTvalyuris TanaSemwis, mRvdel n. mindelis, mier Segrovebuli cxra
raWuli simRera, JurnalSi abriviaturiT СМОМПК; (kavkasiis adgilobriv
tomTa aRwerilobis…masalaTa krebuli), romelTa Soris mecxre nomrad
warmodgenilia `qriste aRsdga, gixarodesT~. avtoris ganmartebiT
`simRera sruldeba xalxis mier qristes wminda aRdgomis dRidan
amaRlebis CaTvliT; misi teqsti, gansakuTrebiT boloSi, mTlad gasagebi
ar aris da calkeul striqonebs erTmaneTTan kavSiri ar aqvT290. (leqsis
sruli teqsti ix. teqsti 9)
ferxulis `qriste aRsdga, madli maxarobelsa~ safuZvliani
gamokvleva ekuTvnis xelovnebaTmcodneobis doqtors, qoreografsa da
qoreologs uCa dvaliSvils, romelic statiaSi àRdgomis dResaswaulis
qoreografiuli aspeqtebi~ ganixilavs mas rogorc Soreul warsulSi
Casaxul, gazafxulis buniobis _ qristianul epoqaSi ieso qristes
mkvdreTiT aRdgomis dResaswauls291, iqve aRwers saaRdgomo Wonas,
romlis ucilobel nawils ferxuli da cekva warmoadgenda.
arsebobda saferxulo àliloc~, Tumca misi sacekvao leqsika
CvenTvis ucnobia.292
Cvens yuradRebas imsaxurebs ferxuli `raeo~ (romelsac mzis
RvTaebas ukavSireben), dResdReobiT misi teqsti satrfialo Sinaarss
Seicavs. kompozitor d. ToraZis mier sof. xvanWkaraSi Cauweria 6
simRera, romelTagan ori sacekvaoa: saferxulo `raeo Cemo dedao~ _
288
`Ziriani~ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=65j09FlYRc8ukanasknelad gadamowmebulia 22. 06.
2018
289
`Ziriani~ https://www.facebook.com/Rachvelebi/videos/10155310011309201/ukanasknelad
gadamowmebulia 22. 06. 2018
290
Миндели Н.,Картвелския песни, СМОМПК XIX, отд. II. Тифлис, 1894 г., стр.138.
291
dvaliSvili u., aRdgomis dResaswaulis qoreografiuli aspeqtebi, `kavkasiis macne,~
#7, Tb., 2003, gv. 75.
292
KkapanaZe o., qarTuli saferxulo simRerebi, disertacia, Tbilisis vano sarajiSvilis
saxelobis saxelmwifo konservatoria, Tb., 2014, gv. 168
128
Cawerili 1939 w., sruldeba umetesad ferxuliT, zogjer ferxulis
gareSec. ansamblma `Zirianma~ ferxisas saxiT Seasrula qalTa da
mamakacTa SemadgenlobiT, savaraudod maTve aRadgines sacekvao
leqsika:293 (ix. teqsti 10). saferxuloa aseve `qarTlis mindorsa vakesa~,
romelsac ansambli `Ziriani~ asrulebs294. es ferxuli Sesrulebuli aqvs,
aseve qalTa folklorul ansambls `mzeTamze~ (ix. teqsti 11). saferxulo
`qvedrula modidebula~ erTi patara mdinaris, qvedrulas, adidebasa da
misgan gamowveuli zaralis Temas asaxavs. onis raionis ansambli `raWa~
asrulebs ferxuls `Sen patara mdade ano~, romeligadaizarda
`raSovdaSi~ da `taSi biWo giorgunaSi~295. ferxuli, èrTxel wisqvils
wasvlisaTvis~, iumoristul Janrs ganekuTvneba. a. TaTaraZes krebulSi
`qarTuli xalxuri cekva~ mocemuli aqvs mxolod teqsturi da
musikaluri masala. Tumca, aRniSnavs, rom `fexebis moZraobis mxriv
(albaT xelebis mxrivac da zogadad sruli saxiT _ x.d.) erTmaneTis
msgavsia ferxulebi _ `qalsa visme~ da èrTxel wisqvils wasvlisaTvis~,
amis gamo saWirod aRar CaTvala gameorebiTi aRweriloba. saferxuloa,
aseve `dalie Cemo batono~. d. arayiSvilis azriT igi samwiladi zomisaa
da ferxulis TanxlebiT sruldeba. mecnieri xazs usvams xis faqtoris
simptomaturobas saferxulo nawarmoebebSi: `raWul dalieSi tipuria
maranSi amosuli alvis xis motivi, rac saweso saferxuloebis ganuyreli
nawilia; musikalur niSnebTan erTad, dalies uwindel saferxulo
Sesrulebas es faqtic umagrebs zurgs~296. d. arayiSvilis mixedviT
saferxuloTa rigs ganekuTvneba, aseve,òdila da odelia~297.
eTnomusikologi Tornike sxiereli saferxuloebs Soris asaxelebs
raWuli xalxuri Semoqmedebis nimuSebs: `mravalZalsa da sxvavaSi~,
`xarebae samTa ZmaTa~, `tatukis ferxuli~, àm grigols hyavda bekmia~,
`gavxede riye megona~, `Seubansa da Walasa~, `sontaruls SemouTvlia~,
293
`Ziriani~, ferxuli `raeo~ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7sozmlPElUwukanasknelad
gadamowmebulia 22/06/2018
294
`Ziriani~, ferxuli `qarTlis mindorsa vakesa~
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6FC0Fk51ZdIukanasknelad gadamowmebulia 22/06/2018
295
ansambli `raWa~, ferxuli `Sen patara mdade ano~
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3JYGQxKeFm0. ukanasknelad gadamowmebulia 22/06/2018
296
KkapanaZe o., qarTuli saferxulo simRerebi, disertacia, Tbilisis vano sarajiSvilis
297
arayiSvili d.,raWuli xalxuri simRerebi, `xelovneba~, Tb., 1950, gv. 13.
129
àRzevans wavel~, `dodisani~, ìav qalTi~, `mTao gadmiSvi maRalo~,
`muSvani wamovida~.
im ferxulTa Soris, romelsac dakarguli aqvs qoreografiuli
nawili, erT-erTia n. abakelias mier dafiqsirebuli saferxulo simRera
`saxlo salxinod dadgmulo~. simRera sruldeboda saxlis saZirkvlis
amoyvanis dros. leqsi qarTl-kaxeTSic SemorCenilia rogorc
folkloruli zepirsityvierebis nimuSi:
`saxlo, salxinod dadgmulo,
aSenebulo qvisao,da a.S 298 (ix. teqsti 12)
teqstSi daculi sakraluri Tu miTo-religiuri simbolika naTlad
miuTiTebs saferxulo simReris arqaulobaze. alvis xe, baxusmoreuli
biWebi, maTi talaxSi kotriali, marani, yurZeni - swored is motivebia,
romlebic qristianobamdel samyarosSi ganayofierebis kults
SeiZlebadavukavSiroT.
Tqmuleba zviad lobJaniZeze miekuTvneba socialuri uTanasworobis
motivis Semcvel Temas, sadac aisaxa socialuri winaaRmdegoba Tavadebsa
da glexebs Soris da amis safuZvelze warmoqmnili dapirispireba. d.
janeliZe wers: ,,zemo raWaSi orpiri ferxulis dabmisas asruleben
SesaniSnav dramatul poemas aznaurebis gasaJletad amboxebul
glexobaze~299. CvenTvis cnobilia moqmed pirTa Semadgenloba: z.
lobJaniZe, aznaurebi _ Zmebi areSiZeebi, gagnia mouravi, diaci, guliTad
gavaSeliSvili da ferxuli. samwuxarod, ucnobia am ferxulis
musikaluri da qoregrafiuli suraTi.
raWuli qoreografiuli Semoqmedebis meore nawili, sacekvaoc, metad
mravalferovania da gamoirCeva liriulobiT, iumoriT.
rogorc eTnofori gviambobs: `cekva yovel saRamos romelime
mosaxlis saxlSi imarTeboda raWaSi, cekvavdnen axalgazrdebi dilamde,
`cekvebidan gavrcelebuli iyo òRro-CoRro~, romelic gasmebs Seicavda,
tempi Cqardeboda, TiTqos azartSi Sesuli megarmone mocekvaves
298
abakelia n.,simbolo da rituali qarTul kulturaSi; Tb., 1997, gv. 53.
299
janeliZe d., qarTuli Teatris istoria (xalxuri sawyisebi) I, `ganaTleba, Tb., 1983, gv.
370.
130
epaeqreboda, ZiriTadad ukravdnen garmonsa da dairaze, avad Tu kargad
im dros cekva yvelam icoda, yvelanair cekvas raWaSi `TamaSoba~ erqva~300.
kompozitor d. ToraZes, sof. xvanWkaraSi 1940 wels Cauweria `saTamaSo~.
igi sacekvao simReraa, romlis tempi TandaTan matulobs301.
sayovelTaod cnobili da popularuli cekvis `taSi biWo giorguna~
teqsti Seqmnilia simon sxirtlaZis mier 30 wlis win. Aam cekvis erT-
erTi pirveli sasceno interpretacia ekuTvnis qoreograf daviT
sxirtlaZes. dadgma ganxorcielda qoreografiul ansamblSi `rokva~,
qoreografTa jgufis _ r. WaniSvili, u. dvaliSvili,b. svaniZe, j.
janiaSvili – monawileobiT).
`rado-rado~ igive `gastakuni~, igive òRo-CoRro~, òridili dili
dili~, `sakaos rom CamoTova~, `lerwamisa xesao~, `gamiSvi da gagiSveb~,
raWuli sasimRero folkloris nimuSebia, romlebzedac raWuli
arasaferxulo cekvebi sruldeba.
sacekvao `berqaluri~ mTaraWis folkloruli sivrcis nawilia.
`berqaluri~ moZiebulia zemo raWis sofel glolaSi da rogorc cekvis
saxelwodeba migvaniSnebs, sruldeba xanSiSesuli qalebis mier. cekvas
axasiaTebs martivi sacekvao leqsika Semofargluli raWuli rTula
svliT, romelic dabal ergcerze sruldeba, samdakvriTi ukusvliT,
mklavebis ori mdgomareobis cvliT _ idayvSi moxrili wina mklavi
SigniT Sebrunebuli xelisguliT, meore mklavi ki dabla daSvebuli,
odnav idayvSi moxrili, gareT mimarTuli xelisguliT, zogjer orive
xeli kabis kalTas CaWidebuli, ZiriTadad wreze davliT erTi an
ramdenime Semsruleblis mier. cekva sruldeba dairisa da buzikas
TanxlebiT.
amgvarad, kulturuli sivrceebis gadakveTis SuagulSi ganfenil
raWul eTnokulturaSi, istoriuli kanonzomierebis qronologia aisaxa.
miTosuri, sakulto-religiuri, saistorio mxatvruli fenomeni daileqa
mis sinkretul SemoqmedebaSi.
300
mogzauroba folklorSi, raWa, meoTxe nawili,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7sozmlPElUw ukanasknelad gadamowmebulia 22/06/2018
301
arayiSvili d., raWuli xalxuri simRerebi, `xelovneba~, Tb., 1950, gv. 65.
131
Tavi III _ sacekvao dialeqtTa urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxi
rodesac sacekvao dialeqtTa urTierTmimarTebaze vsaubrobT,

upirvelesad yuradReba unda mivaqcioT fuZe-enas, romelic dialeqtebad
daSlis procesis Semdegad yvela dialeqtisTvis saerToa. yovel
dialeqts uZvelesi zogadqarTuli SemoqmedebiTi azrovneba axasiaTebs.
amitom, maT kulturas erT sinkretul Zirze aRmocenebuli
struqturuli, mxatvrul-stilisturi maxasiaTeblebi gansazRvravs.
qarTul xalxur fesvebze amozrdili xelovnebis ganviTarebis
istoriuli kanonzomierebani globalurad erT gzas miuyveba. miuxedavad
amisa, erTiani sinkretizmis yoveli nawili, misTvis damaxasiaTebeli
niSnulebis xazs anviTarebs. dialeqtebad gancalkeveba xangrZlivi
istoriuli procesis Sedegia. droSi ganfenili dialeqtTa Camoyalibeba
sxvadasxva qronologiur etaps moicavs. yovelive amas ki qveyanaSi
momxdari peripetiebi udevs safuZvlad, iqneboda es omebi, migraciebi,
ucxo kulturis gavlenebi da a.S.
eTnoqoreolog r. WaniSvilis mier dayenebuli amocanis, `saZebaria
is uZvelesi qoreografiuli dialeqti, Tu misi calkeuli
gamovlinebani, romelic swored uZveles qoreoenis Taviseburebebze
migvaniSnebda~302, pasuxad SegviZlia moviSvelioT eTnomusikologTa
Sexeduleba am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT. rogorc n. maisuraze aRniSnavs:
`fuZe-hangi, romelic safuZvlad daedo qarTul xalxur musikas, odesRac
unda asaxuliyo saferxulo sagaloblebSi, romelTa Sesabamisi
saferxulo wyoba, SesaZloa, Zv. w. II aTaswleulis SuaxaniT
daTariRebul sasmiszea gaazrebuli~303. (igulisxmeba TrialeTis
vercxlis Tasi _ x.d.). qoreografiuli interesidan gamomdinare,
Sesabamisad SegviZlia vifiqroT, rom sacekvao fuZe-enis safuZveli,
uZveles saritualo ferxulebSi unda veZeboT, radgan cekvis saxeobebis
warmoqmna sworedac rom saferxulo wyobis transformacias mohyva,
solisti, protagonisti _ erTi an ramdenime _ gundis wiaRSi warmoiqmna.
ferxulTa sxvadasxva tipi: mrgvali Sekruli wriT, rkaliseburi,
302
WaniSvili r, werilebiqoreografiaze, wignipirveli, `Tani~, Tb., 2002, gv. 37.
303
maisuraZe n.,qarTuli xalxuri musika da misiistoriul-eTnografiuli aspeqtebi,
`mecniereba,~ Tb., 1989, gv. 41.
132
sworxazovani-ferxisuli, Sairi _ wris SigniT moTamaSiT, or da
samsarTuliani, saqarTvelos rogorc aRmosavleT, ise dasavleT nawilSi,
faqtobrivad, yvela sacekvao dialeqtSi iniSneba.
erTiani fuZeenis dasturad dialeqtebis gansazRvrisa da nimuSebis
CamoTvla-Sedarebisas gamoisaxa, rom uZvelesi miTo-religiuri
kosmogonia reliqtis saxiT SemorCa sakulto-sanaxaobrivi kulturis
iseT Zeglebs, rogorebicaa ìavnana~ anu `batonebis nana~, àtlarCoba-
atleCoba~, `lazaroba-gonjaoba~, `Zivau~-ZiZava~, `fadiko~, `daTvobia~ da
daTo-berikuli sanaxaobebi, àqlemkacoba~ da `cxenkacoba~, `berikaoba~
da `yeenoba,~ `barbaroba,~ saSobao da saaRdgomo ritualebi, saZeobo `mze
Sina da mze gareTa~, sarTulebiani ferxulebi da sxv. erTian sinkretul
safuZvelze aRmocenebuli, saqarTvelos yvela kuTxis eTnografiul
ritualSi dResac cocxali sanaxaobebi, mxolod mcireodeni mxatvruli
esTetikiT gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan. gansxvaveba Sesrulebis wesebSi
dialeqturi maxasiaTeblebis dominirebiT vlindeba, Ziri da safuZveli
yoveli maTganisTvis erTgvarovania.Aase, magaliTad: aRmosavluri
`lazaroba~ da dasavluri `gonjaoba,~ afxazuri `Zivau~ da megruli
`ZiZava~ faqtobrivad identuria Tavisi SinaarsiT, struqturiT da
gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebiTac.
dialeqturi urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxis dayenebisas pirveli
amocana:Aàucilebelia calkeuli qoreografiuli dialeqtebis dadgena-
klasifikacia, rac garkveul Teoriul principebs unda
emyarebodes,Aamgvari principebi SemuSavebuli ar aris da mxolod
aRweris meTodia gamoyenebuli, magram arafers gveubneba imis Sesaxeb Tu
ratomaa igi aseTi da ara sxvagvari, konkretuli regionis farglebSi~304,
calkeuli dialeqtis magaliTze zemoT iqna warmodgenili. Tumca,
`qoreografiul dialeqtTa gamovlenisa da daxasiaTebis ZiriTadi
principebis dadgena, saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxis sacekvao xelovnebis
ZiriTadi Taviseburebebis gansazRvra da klasifikacia~305, yoveli
calkeuli dialeqtis istoriuli, avTenturi masalebis safuZvelze,
erTgvarovnad, erTi garkveuli struqturuli principis gaTvaliswinebiT,
SeuZlebelia, radgan saerTo Ziridan momdinare qarTuli qoreografiuli
304
WaniSvili r., werilebi qoreografiaze, wignipirveli, `Tani~, Tb., 2002, gv. 32.
305
iqve: gv. 32.
133
dialeqtebi erTmaneTisagan sruliad gansxvavebuli Janruli kuTvnilebis,
Sinaarsisa da gamoxatvis saSualebebis matareblebi aRmoCndnen.
dialeqturi urTierTmimarTeba dialeqtebs Soris msgavseba-
gansxvavebas gulisxmobs. maT Soris Mmsgavseba urTierTgavlenis
SedegebSi aisaxeba. TiToeuli dialeqtis qoreografiuli nimuSebis
Sesrulebis tradicia, repertuari, sametyvelo ena da Sesrulebis manera,
aris is maxasiaTeblebi, romlebic enis komponentTa erTobliobis
safuZvelze dialeqtis saxes ayalibeben. reliqtebsa da rudimentebSi
irekleba xangrZlivi, qronologiurad daSorebuli da droSi ganfenili
faqtebi da movlenebi. uZveles warsulSi, erT lokaciaSi dafiqsirebuli
Zireuli artefaqti, istoriaSi momxdari peripetiebis mizeziT (gavleniT,
zemoqmedebiT) sxva lokaciis kulturul sivrceSic isaxeba (fiqsirdeba).
mag.:raWaSi aRmosavleT saqarTvelosTvis (mTisa da baris)
damaxasiaTebeli mxatvruli esTetikis aRmoCenas, aRmosavleTis mxridan
raWis mTianeTSi didi migracia daedo safuZvlad306. es detali
istoriidan urTierTmimarTebis eTnikuri faqtoris gavleniT warmoiqmna.
eTnikur-religiuri faqtoris zemoqmdebis Sedegad ganixileba aWara-
lazeTis folkloruli Semoqmedebis Taviseburebebi.
dialeqturi urTierTmimarTebis kvlevisas isaxeba ori dialeqturi
erToba aRmosavleT saqarTvelisa da dasavleT saqarTvelos saxiT.
dasavleTi saqarTvelo dialeqtTa mravalferovnebiT gamoirCeva.
iseve, rogorc eTnomusikologiaSi, eTnoqoreologiaSic enobrivi,
eTnikuri da geografiuli parametrebi mniSvnelovan rols TamaSoben,
magram qoreografiaSi, rogorc kvlevam gamoavlina, urTierTzegavlenisa
da zemoqmedebis procesSi dialeqturi qoreoenis Camoyalibebisa da
gansazRvrisas umniSvnelovanesi, geografiuli faqtori aRmoCnda.
M sacekvao `dialeqtTa urTierTmimarTebebis damaxasiaTebeli niSnebis
gamovlena da amiT qoreografiuli enis ganviTarebis zogadi
kanonzomierebis gansazRvra~307, qoreoenaze, anu ZiriTad maprofilebel
faqtorze, dakvirvebiT iwyeba. pirvel rigSi Eena, anu sacekvao leqsika,
istoriul-SedarebiT sakvlev meTodze dayrdnobiT, sacekvao enis
306
amoRebulia naSromidan: maisuraZe n.,qarTuli xalxuri musika da misi istoriul-
eTnografiuli aspeqtebi, `mecniereba~, Tb., 1989, gv. 14.
307
WaniSvili r, werilebi qoreografiaze, wignipirveli, `Tani~, Tb., 2002, gv. 32.
134
danaSrevebis logikuri kavSir-mimarTebis gamovleniT, saerTo fuZe-enis _
qarTulis WrilSi ganixileba.
simptomaturia, rom Tavad dialeqtTa arealur farglebSi
calkeuli dialeqtebis ganviTarebis done sxvadasxva niSnuliT
ganisazRvreba. eTnomusikologiaSi baris dialeqtebis meti ganviTareba
mTis dialeqtebTan SedarebiT, eTnoqoreologiaSi sapirispiro
mimarTulebas mkveTrad gamosaxavs, radgan sacekvao nimuSebi swored
mTam, misTvis damaxasiaTebeli karCaketilobisa da kulturis
konservaciis mizeziT, Semoinaxa, xolo baris mimarTulebiT ganleva da
zog SemTxvevaSi, gaqroba SeiniSneba. Aamgvarad, ganviTarebis donisa da
garkveuli mimarTulebis gansazRvra, sacekvao dialeqtebis
urTierTmimarTebis kvlevisas, faqtobrivad SeuZlebelia. mxolod
urTierTmimarTebis ramdenime mimarTuleba gamoisaxa, ramac mogvca
saSualeba struqturuli, mxatvrul-stilisturi maxasiaTeblebis
gaTvaliswinebiT, erT sinkretul Zirze aRmocenebuli dialeqtebi
dagvejgufebina.
vfiqrob, gamoTqmuli mosazreba, rom `baris qoreografiuli
dialeqti ufro ganviTarebulia, xolo mTa Tavisi bunebrivi
karCaketilobis gamo SedarebiT met stabilurobasa da pirvelsaxes
inarCunebs~308,Tavis pirvel nawilSi safuZvels moklebulia. ra
argumentaciaze dayrdnobiT ganviTarda es azri? eTnomusikologiaSi
mimdinare procesebi eTnoqoreologiaSi paralelur reJimSi ar miedineba,
radgan Tu baris samusiko folklori meti mravalferovnebiT gamoirCeva,
sacekvao nawilSi, piriqiT, nimuSebi umravles SemTxvevaSi, waSlilia.
ganviTarebis sawyisi da aRmavali xazis fiqsireba dialeqtebis
ganviTarebaSi, xalxuri qoreografiis magaliTze, Zalian rTulia
dakarguli sacekvao nimuSebis gamo. avTenturi sacekvao leqsikis
Semcveli filkloruli nimuSis ararsebobis, zogjer ki, dialeqtis
àmovardnis~ SemTxvevaSi, ganviTarebis veqtoris gansazRvra,
faqtobrivad, SeuZlbelia (mag., leCxumuri sacekvao dialeqti, romlis
sacekvao nimuSebi ar mogvepoveba). igive iTqmis imeruli sacekvao
dialeqtis SemTxvevaSi. rig SemTxvevebSi ki imdenad gasceniurebuli
nimuSi gvaqvs saxeze, rom saavtoro-sacekvao nawarmoebi sayrdenad ar
308
iqve: gv. 37.
135
gamodgeba misi avTenturobasTan sakmaod daSorebis gamo. ganviTarebis
xazis dafiqsireba qoreografiul xelovnebaSi, musikalurisgan
gansxvavebiT, SeuZlebelia.
sacekvao dialeqtTa Soris urTierTmiaerTebis warmoebisas, erT-
erTi ZiriTadi Sinaarsobrivi faqtoria. svaneTsa da raWaSi gvxvdeba
ferxulTa erTi da igive dasaxeleba variantuli gansxvavebiT. raWaSi
dafiqsirebuli ferxulebi teqstur doneze gvxvdeba aRmosavleT
saqarTvelos barSic,Tumca qarTl-kaxeTSi imave saxelwodebis
ferxulebis sacekvao leqsika dakargulia.
sacekvao dialeqtTa urTierTmimarTebaSi mniSvnelovani faqtoria
forma. saferxulo da saferxiso nawarmoebTa dialeqturi nimuSebi
simptomaturia TiTqmis yvela dialeqtisTvis, sacekvaoleqsikadakarguli
dialeqtebis garda. mag: orsarTuliani ferxulebi raWaSi, svaneTSi,
lazeTsa da aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi, antifonuri ferxulebi
samegrelos, raWasa da aRmosavleTis sacekvao dialeqtebSi da a.S.
qarTul qoreografiaSi dialeqturi urTierTmimarTeba saintereso
saxes iRebs SemsrulebelTa Semadgenlobis TvalsazrisiTac.
SemsrulebelTa mxriv, qalTa da vaJTa repertuari gansxvavdeba
erTmaneTisgan, Tumca arc imgvarad, rogorc folklorul musikaSi,
radgan saferxuloTa did nawilSi monawileoben rogorc qalebi ise,
vaJebi. im dros, rodesac aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTSi, uZvelesi
wes-Cveulebisa da tradiciis gaTvaliswinebiT, dauSvebeli iyo qalisa da
mamakacis araTu cekva, aramed sajarod erTad gamoCenac ki, dasavleTis
mTianeTSi _ raWasa da svaneTSi, uamravi cekva SemogvrCa qal-vaJTa
erToblivi SesrulebiT;isini xelixelCabmuli an xelmklavgayrili
erTad abamen ferxuls. megruli ferxulic qal-vaJTa Sereuli
SemadgenlobiT xasiaTdeba, dueturi cekvebic agebulia qalisa da
mamakacis wyvilur cekvaze. dueturi cekva, romelic standartul saxes
atarebsQqalisa da vaJis SesrulebiT, rWuli òRro-CoRros~, megruli
àriras~, kaxuri `cangala da gogonas~ saxiT, dialeqtur
urTierTmimarTebas gamosaxavs.
qoreoenis urTierTmimarTebis gamosavlenad Zalze saintereso
aRmoCnda Tavad dialeqtis SigniT mimdinare procesebi, romelmac
gardamavali zonebi gamosaxa, Mmag., sailustraciod moviyvanoT imereTi,
136
romelic raWas erTi sacekvao nimuSiT, ferxuliT, `madli maxarobelsa~,
daukavSirda (istoriografiuli masalis mixedviT, `zemo imereTSi,
Sorapnis raionSi (axla Terjolis r.) sof. siqTaruaSi, TerjolaSi da
sxva soflebSi 1916-17 w.w., da adrec, am simReras, aRdgomis dResaswaulis
dros, momReralTa jgufi asrulebda ferxulis TanxlebiT yoveli
saxlis win~309).
rac Seexeba aRmosavleTTan dialeqtur urTierTmimarTebas,
gamoikveTa, rom raWul sacekvao dialeqts aq ori mimarTuleba
axasisTebs: aRmosavleTis barTan _ qarTl-kaxeTis saxiT da mTasTan _
aRmosavleTismTianeTis saxiT. raWa aRmosavleTTan mWidro kavSirs
inarCunebda. aRmosavleT saqarTvelos yofaSi daculi folkloruli
Zeglebis mniSvnelovani raodenoba dafiqsirebulia raWaSic.
geografiuli mdebareobiTa da Sesabamisad, Sualeduri dialeqtis
statusis SesaZleblobidan gamomdinare, aRmoCnda, rom raWa met
siaxloves aRmosavleT saqarTvelosTan amJRavnebs, vidre dasavleTTan
(svaneTis garda). rogorc Cans, qarTlTan uSualo siaxlove
ganapirobebda msgavsi nawarmoebebis Semonaxvasa da xalxSi gavrcelebas.
savaraudod, svaneTSic raWis gavliT gaikvlia gza im
folklorulmanimuSebma da Tematikam, romlebic raWasa da aRmosavleT
saqarTvelos yofaSi inaxeboda.
sacekvao-qoreografiuli masalebi cxadad gviCveneben, rom
dialeqtad gansazRvris procesSi, mniSvnelovani roli Sesrulebis
kuTxur xasiaTs, ekuTvnis. magaliTad, `CakvraTa~ nairsaxeobebi,
romliTac datvirTulia aRmosavleTis mTis, kaxuri (`cangala da
gogonas~ magaliTze) da raWuli sacekvao dialeqtebi, erTmaneTisagan
sruliad gansxvavebuli saSemsruleblo gamomsaxvelobiT sruldeba.
zogadad, dasavleT saqarTvelos yoveli kuTxe misTvis damaxasiaTebeli
qoreografiuli niSniT gamoirCeva: svaneTi ferxulebis simdidriT, raWa
ferxulebiTa da liriuli saxis sacekvao nimuSebiT, afxazeTSi
sabrZolo xasiaTis cekvebi Warbobs, aWara _ yvelasgan gansxvavebuli
Tavisi istoriuli bed-iRblis Sedegad warmosaxuli, samegrelo _
iumoristuli xasiaTiT aqcentirebuli. samwuxarod,imereTSi, rogorc
Cans, istoriulma peripetiebma ganapiroba xelSesaxebi kvalis waSla.
309
arayiSvili d., raWuli xalxuri simRerebi, `xelovneba~, Tb., 1950,gv. 27.
137
dasavleT saqarTvelos sacekvao dialeqtTa urTierTmimarTeba
amgvarad Camoyalibda:
1. aWara _ lazeT-SavSeTi;
2. samegrelo _ afxazeTi, romelic guria-lazeTisken ganivrco;
3. raWa _ svaneTi _ aRmosavleTi saqarTvelos mTianeTi da
aRmosavleTi saqarTvelos bari.
aWara-lazeT-SavSeTisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli eTnikur-religiuri
msgavseba da saerTo ,,xorumTa~ nairgvaroba, erT-erTi detalia
dialeqtur blokSi gasaerTianeblad. Samive dialeqtisTvis organuli,
folkloruli cekva `xelgaSlila~, sacekvao leqsikis TvalsazrisiT,
faqtobrivad erTi fuZidan momdinareobs.
afxazeTSi, megrel aborigenTa didi procentuli Semadgenloba, wes-
CveulebaTa msgavseba, paralelebi saweso-saritualo qmedebebis
sametyvelo enaSi, sabrZolo xasiaTis ,,xinTqiria~, TiTqmis àbastas~
identuri, aseve ,,ariras~ variantebi samegrelosa da samurzayanos
masStabiT, gvaZlevs dialeqturi msgavsebis daSvebis pirobas.
raWuli sacekvao dialeqtis pirveli Sto mimarTulia svaneTisken.
Orive dialeqtSi gvxvdeba zogierTi saferxulo nawarmoebis TiTqmis
identuri dasaxeleba, variantuli gansxvavebiT. variantuli sxvaoba
mdgomareobs rogorc teqstSi, aseve musikalur da qoreografiul
nawilSi. zogierT ferxulTa moZraobaTa kompleqsi an identuria an
msgavsi. Sacekvao leqsikasTan mimarTebiT warmodgenili gvaqvs
saferxulo svlebisa da ileTebis, mklavTa mdgomareobebis msgavseba,
aseve simptomaturia ferxulTa kompoziciuri msgavseba da ferxulTa
cekvaSi gadazrdis tendencia.
raWuli sacekvao dialeqtis meore Sto, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos
rogorc mTas, aseve bars, daukavSirda; aRmosavleTis baridan raWulma da
svanurma folklorma Semoinaxa iseTi uZvelesi epikuri tiloebi
monadiruli eposisa, romelTa qoreografiuli prototipebi Cvenamde
moRweulia ,,amiranis ferxulis~, ,,yurSas~, ,,ia mTazeda~, ,,qalsa visme~,
saxiT. aRmosavleTis mTasTan ki cekvis wyvilad Sesrulebis nawilSi,
sacekvao ileTebisa da moZraobebis TvalsazrisiT arsebiTi
urTierTmimarTeba gamoavlina.
138
Tu SevajamebT dasavlur sacekvao dialeqtebSi gamokveTil
urTierTmimarTebiT movlenebs, saxeze gvaqvs maTi niSan-TvisebaTa
erToblioba Semdegi specifikis mixedviT:
 saerTo qarTveluri, romelic fuZe-enis saxiT sayrdeni saxiT ikveTeba;
 damaxasiaTebeli calkeuli dialeqtisTvis;
 niSandoblivi Sualeduri dialeqtisa da gardamavali zonisTvis.
lazur-SavSuri da aWaruli sacekvao dialeqtebis

urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxi
lazeTi, SavSeTi da aWara saqarTvelos samxreT dasavleT nawilSi
mdebare sami eTnografiuli regionia, romelTa geografiulma
mdebareobam mniSvnelovnad gansazRvra maTi kulturul-socialuri
niSan-Tvisebebis TviTmyofadoba. istoriuli peripetiebis Sedegad isini
mZlavr ucxo gavlenas ganicdidnen, rac gansakuTrebulad qoreografiul
xelovnebaSi gamovlinda.
lazur-SavSur da aWarul qoreografiul dialeqtebs Soris
mniSvnelovani paralelebis gavlebaa SesaZlebeli. am ori regionis
Teatralizebul-qoreografiul sanaxaobaTa garkveuli raodenoba
identuria: SuamTobis aRniSvnis tradicia, rogorc lazeTSi-SavSeTSi,
aseve, aWaraSi (guriasa da mesxeTSic); `vahahaჲ nana~ _ lazeTSi da ò hoჲ
nano~ _ aWaraSi; `yolsama-mxaruli~ da qalTa `mxaruli-xertlis nadi~
orive kuTxeSi; `fadiko~ aWaraSi da `fate~ lazeTSi; `xoronTa~
mravalferovneba da a.S.. qoreografiaSi analogiebi dialeqturi
TvalsazrisiT isazRvreba ara mxolod nimuSTa erTnairi
saxelwodebebiT, aramed, sacekvao leqsikis, gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxebis,
cekvis struqturuli agebulebisa (naxazis) da misi funqciur-
Sinaarsobrivi datvirTvis erTobliobiT. Tumca, ZiriTadad,
saxelwodebis msgavseba misi sametyvelo enisa da zogadad sanaxaobis
erTgvarovan gamomsaxvelobaSi an mcireoden dialeqtur saxesxvaobaSi
vlindeba.
aWarul-lazur-SavSuri xalxuri Semoqmedebis akumulireba xdeboda
am regionis mosaxleobisTvis erTgvarovan wes-Cveulebaze, romelsac
erqva ,,SuamToba.~ igi gansakuTrebiT icodnen zemo aWaraSi (xulosa da
Suaxevis raionebSi), sadac mas memxlianobas (menxlianobas,
139
merxlianobas...) an seirans uwodeben~310 da SavSeTSic. TurqeTis
sazRvrebSi moqceuli SavSeTis soflebis (imfrxevi, iveTi, diobani)
mcxovrebni saSuamTobod amodiodnen TavianT iailebze (agarakebze_x.d.).
mTaSi sajumbuSod (saseirnod_x.d.) asvla tradicia iyo. Tavs iyridnen
iailebs Soris erT romelime serze da zeimobdnen: imarTeboda simRera
da cekva-TamaSi.SuamTobis sadResaswaulo tradiciebi SeiniSneba
mesxeTSic da guriaSic. repertuaris TvalsazrisiT ki lazeT-SavSeTi da
aWara gansakuTrebul siaxloves amJRavneben.
SuamTobas icodnen komikuri siuJeturi sanaxaoba aWaraSi `fadiko-
qoCeguris~, xolo lazeTSi `fates~ saxelwodebiT, romelic `berobanas~
Semadgenel nawils warmoadgenda. uZveles warsulSi ganayofierebis
kultTan dakavSirebuli patarZlis motacebis mcdelobis gamomsaxveli
qmedeba, aWaraSi taxebiT, xolo lazeTSi Cafrebis personaJebiT
garemoculi, cekviT iyo daxunZluli da TiTqmis ar gansxvavdeboda
erTmaneTisagan.
cekva, romelsac am dros asrulebdnen, `yolsama~_`yarSiberis~
saxeliT cnobili, igive `xelgaSlila~, rogorc SavSeTSi, aseve, aWaraSi,
uaRresad gavrcelebuli yofila. Tumca am cekvam Tavisi arsebobis
manZilze mniSvnelovani transformacia ganicada.qalTa aWarul-SavSuri
cekvis, `xelgaSlila~, ZiriTadi sacekvao leqsika agebulia midgmiT
svlasa da mklavTa poziciebis cvlaze marjvniv da marcxniv
mtevangadagorebiTi moZraobiT. aqac, iseve, rogorc `yarSibersa~ da
`yolsamaSi~, ori qali cekvavs erTmaneTis pirispir anu erTmaneTs
ecekvebian.
aWaruli sacekvao dialeqtisTvis da, aseve, SavSuri sacekvao
dialeqtisTvis damaxasiaTebelia fexTa midgmiTi moZraoba, msubuqi
waxtomiT moZraobebi, sinkopebiT aqcentis dafiqsireba da buqnebi.
1910 wels akademikosma niko marma imogzaura TurqeTis lazeTsa da
tao-klarjeTSi da Seqmna pirveli mecnieruli xasiaTis geografiul-
eTnografiuli aRweriloba. igi fasdaudebel informacias gvawvdis
imerxeuli (SavSuri) cekvebis SesaxebNnaSromSi, ,,SavSeTsa da klarjeTSi
310
Tandilava z., SuamTobis tradiciebi da folklori,,,mecniereba,~ Tb., 1980, gv. 6.
140
mogzaurobis dRiurebi,~ sadac aRwers `karSibers.~311`yarSiberi~,
romelsac igi, aseve `xelgaSlilas~ uwodebs, aWaraSic icodnen da
mogvianebiT cekva `gandaganas~ erT-erT safuZvlad iqca. niko mari
aRwerscekvas `kolsarma~, sadac miuTiTebs `(qarT. calke sama, da ara
aini), taqti 4/4, rusTavelis Sairis terfi.~312 aRwerilobebidan Cans, rom
,,yarSiberi~ da ,,yolsarma~ Zalian hgavs erTmaneTs rogorc
Semsruleblis, aseve moZraobebisa da Sesrulebis xasiaTis
gaTvaliswinebiT. rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, avTandil TaTaraZe ase
ganmartavs ,,yolsamas~ an ,,yolsarmas~ _ `Zveli aWaruli xalxuri cekva.
,,yol~ Turqulad mklavebs niSnavs, ,,sama~ ki cekvis aRmniSvneli qarTuli
terminia. Aaqedan gamomdinare ,,yolsama~ pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT
mklavebiT cekvas niSnavs. Aarsebobda qalebisa da vaJebis ,,yolsama~ cal-
calke, romelTagan pirvels, e.i. qalTa ,,yolsamas~ ,,Tarnaninos~
uwodeben, meores ki vaJTas _,,mxaruls~. aWarul da SavSeTSi
gadasaxlebul inegolelTa vaJTa yolsarmasaTvis ZiriTadi moZraobaa
midgmiTi svla, muslura svla, gasmura.
`cekva ,,yolsamas~ Turqulad ,,yolsarmasac~ uwodeben, sadac ,,yol,~
rogorc aRiniSna, mklavebs niSnavs, ,,sarma~ ki moxvevas. vfiqrobT, rom
aRniSnuli terminis warmoSobas safuZvlad daedo cekvaSi vaJis zeda
kidurebis iseTi moZraobebi, romlebic mklavebis Semoxvevas mogvagonebs.
ZiriTadad ,,yolsamas~ elementebzea agebuli dRevandeli aWaruli cekva
,,gandagana.~313
n. maris mier daxasiaTebuli da a. TaTaraZis mier aRwerili erTi da
igive saxelwodebis cekva srulebiT ar hgavs erTmaneTs. erTi ram
SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom ,,gandaganasTvis~ mklavebis, mxrebis gansakuTrebiT
elastiuri, moqnili moZraobebia damaxasiaTebeli. es aris xelwera,
romliTac aWaruli da SavSuri qoreografia aris niSandebuli. n. maris
aRweriloba avTenturi cekvisaa, romelic wlebis ganmavlobaSi
rafinirda, a. TaTaraZis aRwerilobaSi ukve sascenod qceuli nawarmoebis
elferiT warmogvidga. daskvna ki aseTia: SavSuri `yarSiberi~, ,,yolsama~
da aWaruli ,,Tarnanino~, ,,mxaruli~, maTi erTgvarovani mxatvruli
311
mari n., SavSeTsa da klarjeTSi mogzaurobis dRiurebi, baTumi, 2014, gv. 116.
312
iqve: gv. 141.
313
TaTaraZe a,. qarTul cekvaTa ganmartebani, ,,ganaTleba,~ Tb., 1986, gv. 44.
141
saxidan gamomdinare, SemdgomSi `gandaganad~ gaerTiandnen. cnobilia
Sexeduleba, rom cekvaTa esoden gansxvavebuli saxelwodebebi, mxolod
moZraobaTa saxelwodebebi gaxldaT, romlebic sxvadasxva adgilas
sxvadasxva saxelwodebiT iyvnen cnobili da Semdeg mTel cekvas ewoda.
rac mTavaria, maTi sacekvao leqsika TiTqmis identuria.
lazuri ,,vahahaÁ nana~ SegviZlia SevadaroT aWarul ,,o hoÁ nanos~ da
vTqvaT, rom erTi meoris badalia, maT Soris did gansxvavebas adgili ar
aqvs. mkvlevarebis a. inaiSvilis, gr. CxikvaZisa da j. noRaidelis
samecniero eqspediciis Sedegad mopovebuli informaciis mixedviT
lazuri ,,vahaha Á nana~ aWaruli ,,o-hoÁ nanos~ analogia:àm cekvebSi
SeiZleba sxva danaSreebic moiZebnos, ise, rogorc aWarul da lazur
xorumebSi, sadac am cekvebis sabrZolo xasiaTis gverdiT SeiniSneba
nayofierebis kultTan dakavSirebuli ritualis anarekli.~314 rogorc
vxedavT, mecnierebis mier ò-hoÁ nano~-sa da ,,vahaha Á nana~-s sakmaod
moculobiTi Sefasebebi jer kidev XX saukunis SuaxanebSi gakeTda,
sadac ramdenime etapobrivi danaSrevi SeiniSneba: SromiTi procesis
aRmniSvneli (mogviano) da nayofierebis kultis maniSnebeli (ufro
gviandeli). Tumca, orive aRwerili sanaxaoba TiTqmis identuria rogorc
SinaarsiT, aseve maTi daniSnulebis mixedviT _maT qorwilSi miZinebuli
stumrebis gamofxizlebis funqciaRa SerCeniaT.(sacekvao leqsikisa da
struqturis Sesaxeb moTxrobilia qveTavSi àWaruli sacekvao
dialeqti~).
Zalze saintereso aRmoCnda SavSeTSi, arTvinis olqis sofel
CifTliqSi Cawerili ò,hoჲ, nanos~ msgavsi ferxisuli tipis cekvis
Canaweri, romelic internetsivrceSi iqna moZiebuli.315erTmaneTis
zurgsukan dawyobili mamakacebis mwkrivi, romlis saTaveSi maTraxiani
winamZRoli dgas, samdakvriTi nabijiT miiwevs win. Semdeg mwkrivi
brundeba da mimarTulebas icvlis, ukan ganagrZobs svlas. winamZRolis
niSanze ferxisas monawileebi iwyeben maisurebisa da fexsacmelebis
gaxdas, (savaraudod am dros srulad ixdidnen Zvel droSi) mwkrivi
valdebulia meTauris Semdegi brZanebac Seasrulos. amis Semdgom
314
folkloridan, saq. ssr. mecn. akad. gamomc., Tb., 1961,Ggv. 5.
315
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=diEw-Ffacgs
142
mamakacebi TiTo bavSvs (patara biWs) aitaceben xelSi da ganagrZoben
sacekvao nabijiT moZraobas wreSi dayrili, gaxdili tansacmlis
irgvliv. meTauri maTraxis cemiT `sjis~ monawileebs, romlebic
tansacmlis `moparvas~ cdiloben. bolos yvela monawile `cekviT~ icvams
Tavis tansacmels.
lazeTsa da aWaraSi xorumTa (xoronTa) did raodenobas vxedavT,
magram, xorumi, am SemTxvevaSi, ferxulis ganzogadebuli saxelia da ara
sazogadoebisTvis kargad cnobili, sabrZolo xasiaTis, sasceno xalxuri
repertuaris Semadgeneli nawarmoebi. xorumTa ganmasxvavebel niSans,
ZiriTadad, toponimuri kuTvnileba ganapirobebs, Sesabamisad,
gansxvavebulia maTi sacekvao qoreoena, sametyvelo leqsika: lazxorumi,
Camorebuli, cxmorisuli, qobuleTuri da a.S. yovelma maTganma krebiTi
saxiT sasceno versiaSi moiyara Tavi da erTiani qoreografiuli
kompozicia Seqmna.
garda amisa, SavSeTis teritoriaze, romelic TurqeTis saxelmwifos
Semadgeneli nawilia, `horonTa~ nairsaxeobebs dResac asruleben. maTi
nawili, SemsrulebelTa didi raodenobis mier xelixelCakidebuli
mamakacTa da qalTa erTiani SemadgenlobiT, martivi, dadgenili sacekvao
leqsikis ferxuls warmoadgens. `horonebs~ mariamobis dResaswaulze,
erT did mindorze abamen, aseve qorwilebi da sxva dResaswaulebi
ferxulis gareSe ar Caivlis. A
lazeTSi cekvaven ferxuls, romelsac `yaradenizuli~ anu `Savi
zRvispiruli~ hqvia. Aaseve, cekvaven `pontiakas~ saxelwodebis ferxuls,
romelsac ufro sasceno variantad ganvixilavT. Tavad am ferxulis
saxelwodebac Sav zRvasTan asocirdeba, radgan Sav zRvas Zvelad,
Turqebis gamoCenamde, `ponto~ erqva. `pontiakas~ berZnuli cekvis elferi
aqvs. `pontiakasa~ da `xorums~ Soris meti msgavseba SeiniSneba vidre
`xorumsa~ da `yaradenizuls~ Soris. yvelaze metad TvalSisacemi
`pontiakasa~ da `xorums~ rac akavSirebs aris ileTi
farula/malula.Yyovelive es ki adasturebs SavizRvispireTis, rogorc
erTiani sivrcis maRali kulturis arsebobas da misi udavo
gamaerTianeblis, `xorumis~, istoriul ZirZvelobas.
lazur-SavSur-klarjul xoronebs, romlebic saeqspedicio
Canawerebisa Tu internetresursiT iqna mopovebuli, CvenTvis kargad
143
cnobili `deli xorumis~ suraTi axasiaTebT da saxelwodebiTac `deli
horon~ arian warmodgenili. aWarul da lazur-SavSur deli xorumebs
Soris saerToa Semdegi ileTebi: sasveno, farula, buqna, dabali gasma,
Coqmalula. aseve mklavTa TiTqmis identuri mdgomareoba da moZraoba.
rac Seexeba `gurul xorums~, pirobiT saxelwodebad migvaCnia,
guruli `xorumis~ avTenturi versia aWaris teritoriaze fiqsirdeba.
teritoriuli mowyobis sakiTxis Sesabamisad aWaris teritoriis nawili,
uwin guriis teritoriul sivrceSi nawildeboda. avTandil TaTaraZe
gurul da aWarul `xorumebs~ Soris gansxvavebas mxolod cekvis
Sesrulebis tempSi xedavs, rac vfiqrob dialeqturi saxesxvaobis
warmosaCenad sakmaris safuZvels ar warmoadgens.316rogorc aWaruli,
aseve guruli `xorumis~ teqnologiuri masala erTgvarovania. `xorumi~
Seicavs aseve, n. maris mier lazeTis teritoriaze nanaxi `deli
xorumisaTvis~ organul moZraobas, buqnas.
megruli, afxazuri, guruli, lazuri sacekvao dialeqtebis
urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxi
megruli sacekvao dialeqti, miuxedavad imisa rom mkveTrad
gamoxatuli individualuri xasiaTisaa, avTenturobis TvalsazrisiT,
ganivrcoba rogorc samxreT _ laz-Wanur, (,,lazebi ZiriTadad cxovroben
sofel sarfSi, baTumSi, gonioSi, maxoSi, simoneTSi, axalSenSi, urexSi
da sxv., xolo saqarTvelos mTeli teritoriis masStabiT garda aWarisa
da lazeTisa _ afxazeTsa da zugdidis raionis sofel anakliaSi~317), ise
CrdiloeTiT _ afxazur geoarealur nawilSi, aseve ukavSirdeba
saqarTvelos aRmosavleT regionsada garkveulwilad raWasac.
teritoriuli siaxlovidan gamomdinare, samegrelo met dialeqtur
urTierTmimarTebas afxazeTTan unda amJRavnebdes. asec aris, rodesac
saqme istoriul masalas exeba, magram afxazeTis regionuli dayofa
sxvadasxva eTnografiul suraTs iZleva. amitom, afxazeTis Sua da
samxreTi nawilebi metad daaxloebulia megrul yofasTan. megruli
dialeqturi urTierTmimarTeba, meore Stos saxiT, samxreTisken,
lazeTiskenac vrceldeba. megrelTa da Wan-lazTa tomebi uZvelesi
316
`jeolibro,~ Tb. 2010, gv. 170.
317Tandilava z., lazuri xalxuri poezia, `sabWoTa aWara~, baTumi, 1972, gv. 5
144
droidan dasavlur-kolxur kulturas qmnidnen da maTi enobrivi
dialeqtic, faqtobrivad, analogiuri iyo mcireodeni kuTxuri sxvaobiT.
afxazuri avTenturi cekvis siRrmeebSi Casvla uaRresad rTuli
saqmea, radgan Tavad afxazuri folklori sam Sreobriv plastad
ganixileba. rogorc konstantine kovaCi asaxelebs _ zeda, romelsac meti
siaxlove aqvs Crdilo kavkasiasTan, Sua _ sadac qarTuli da
Crdilokavkasiuri ereva erTmaneTs, magram, dominirebs qarTuli da qveda,
romelic uSualod esazRvreba samegrelos, samurzayanos saxiT.
rodesac afxazi eTnografi, mixeil lakerbai wers, rom mkveTri,
uxeSi ileTebi yviriliT, afxazuri wesi ar iyo da Cveulebas ar
Seesabamebodao, CvenTvis cxadi xdeba, rom is Zvel, qarTul tradicias
gulisxmobda, romelic megrul dialeqtTan mezoblobda: `ra Sorsaa
afxazuri cekvis TavSekavebuli xasiaTisa da swori suraTisagan scenaze
gamoxtoma, cxeniviT muxlebze sriali, an xanjali pirSi da wamoZaxilebi
àsa~ da a.S.
aseTi saxis cekvaSi afxazuri araferia~318.
dRevandeli sasceno qoreografiis magaliTze ki afxazur sacekvao
dialeqts erTiani kavkasiuri sivrcis nawilad Tu ganvixilavT, radgan
CrdiloeTidan mizanmimarTulad Semosulma, daCrdila qarTuli
dialeqturi Taviseburebebi. mkvlevaris mier gamoTqmuli azri aZlierebs
Cven Sexedulebas afxazuri xalxuri qoreografiis mZlavri modernizebis
Sesaxeb. is, rac dRes afxazuri sacekvao folkloris sasceno
variantiTaa warmodgenili, Zlier Sorsaa avTenturobisgan. informacia,
rac eTnografTa mier Teoriul nawilSi gagvaCnia, iwyeba XVIII
saukunidan da metad winaaRmdegobrivia, Tumca mainc Cndeba saSualeba
dadgindes afxazuri qoreografiuli dialeqtis urTierTmimarTebis
veqtori.
pirveli, razec yuradRebas vamaxvilebT da TvalSisacemia, aris
àtlarCoba.~ samegreloSi, iseve, rogorc afxazeTSi icodnen
àtlarCobis~, igive òtlaCopis~ ritualis Sesruleba, sadac erT-erT
mTavar sametyvelo enas cekva qmnida319. rogorc aRmoCnda, arsebobda
àtlarCobis~ sasceno variantic. qoreologi avTandil TaTaraZe
318
lakerbai m., afxazuri Teatris istoriidan, Tb., 1957, gv. 22
319
Ковач К.,Песни кодорских абхазцев, Изд. Акад абхазского языка и литературы, Сухум, 1930, стр. 45
145
,,otlarCobas~ ase ganmartavs _ ,,mTielTa cekvis xasiaTis afxazuri
cekva, Sesrulebuli ZiriTadad mamakacTa mier. am cekvaSi mamakacebi
zedmiwevniT swraf tempSi asruleben sacekvao ileTebs. ,,otlarCobaSi~
gamoiyeneba muxlebze sriali, sxvadasxva saxis Cakvrebi da
cerileTebi~320. SesaZloa, es swored is SemTxvevaa, romlis Sesaxebac
mixeil lakerbai wers, radgan samegrelosa da afxazeTSi gavrcelebuli
sacekvao-ritualuri qmedeba àtlarCoba~, igive àtleCoba~ da sasceno
varianti erTmaneTisagan radikalurad gansxvavdebaian. àtlarCobas~
internetsivrceSi mopovebuli ramdenime audio variantis Sedarebis
saSualeba mogveca. _ https://soundcloud.com/universiteti/atlarchoba maTi xasiaTi
da tempo-ritmic gansxvavebulia. miuxedavad amisa, gaurkvevelia
sxvadasxva saritualo qmedebis Semadgeneli àtlarCoba~, rogor iqca
scenaze, avTandil TaTaraZis mir aRweril, mamakacTa mier Sesrulebul,
teqnikuri ileTebiT datvirTul, àtlarCobad.~ SeaZloa, aq saritualo
nawils swafi, sacekvao nawili ebmoda da swored es detali iqna
gaziarebuli damdgmeli qoreografebis mier.`wesisamebr, `SaraTinis~
damTavrebis Semdeg gundi asrulebs atlerCob(p)as an romelinme
sacekvaos da iwyeba cekvis meore nawili _ vaJTa cekva cerebze.~321
àtlarCobis~ rituali aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi, qarTlsa da kaxeTSi,
dafiqsirebul `TeTri giorgis mona qalis~ cekvasa da strabonis mier
aRweril, msxverplSewirvis rituals exmianeba. gviCndeba maTi Sedarebis
survili da msgavsebac sacnauri xdeba. am azris gansamtkiceblad ori
mimarTulebiT mivmarTavT ganviTarebis veqtors: 1. ritualTa genetikur-
Sinaarsobrivi faqtori; 2. vizualuri, gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebi.
sanam am ori mimarTulebis ganxilvaze gadavalT, unda aRiniSnos,
rom àtlarCoba~ afxazeTSi warmodgenilia sam variantad: 1. `wminda
vitis cekva~, anu transSi Cavardnili qalis fsiqo-nervuli `sacekvao~
qmedeba, 2. mexdacemuli arsebis, iqneba es adamiani Tu cxoveli,
dasakrZali gansawmendavi rituali; 3. batonebSeyrilTa saameblad
gamarTuli wes-Cveuleba.
320TaTaraZe a., qarTul cekvaTa ganmartebani, Tb., 1986, gv. 28

321
Tb., 2010, gv. 183.
146
unda aRiniSnos, rom `wminda vitis cekva~ saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi
gasdevda evropis qveynebis yofa-cxovrebas da rogorc epidemia,
modebuli iyo sazogadoebaSi. ar iqneba safuZvels moklebuli, Tu
vityviT, rom am daavadebam saqarTveloSic `moikida fexi~ da dafiqsirda
sxvadasxva saistorio masalaSi.
afxazeTSi `wminda vitis cekva~, anu transSi Cavardnili qalis
fsiqo-nervuli `sacekvao~ qmedeba, àtlarCobis~ saxelwodebiT aris
cnobili. ìTvleboda, rom am avadmyofobis RmerTs uyvars mxiaruleba
da, amitom, krunCxvebSi Cavardnili gogonas garSemo (umravles
SemTxvevaSi swored gogonebi avaddebodnen am avadmyofobiT) cekvavda
yvela, vinc saxlSi iyo am dros. saxli, sadac avadmyofi imyofeboda,
sadResaswaulod iyo morTuli~322. avadmyofi qaliSvilis cekva nela
iwyeboda da TandaTan tempi matulobda. mTel Rames mxiarulebaSi
atarebdnen, mRerodnen, aCamgursa da aWarpans amRerebdnen. monawileebi,
rogorc xanSiSesulebi, ise axalgazrdebi, icvamdnen mxiaruli feris
tansacmels (ZiriTadad TeTrs).
14 agvistos, TeTr-giorgobas, sofel awyurSi gamarTuli saweso
ritualis Sesaxeb, iv. javaxiSvilTan vkiTxulobT: èklesias rom
Semouvlian, galavanSi Sekrebili xalxi qud-moxdili irgvliv dgas da
mowiwebiT erT-erTs TeTrebSi Semosils moTamaSe mona qals Sescqeris.
mocekvave Seuwyvetliv, gatacebiT uvlis. igi TeTri giorgis xatis monaa
da xati acekvebs. drogamoSvebiT qals gulidan gminva amouvardeba xolme
da ikrunCxeba~323.
am ori istoriuli cnobis Sedarebisas pirveli, rac TvalSisacemia,
aris mocekvave qalis simboluri, siwmindis aRmniSvneli TeTri samosi da
`sacekvao leqsika~, rac savaraudod, erTgvarovani Tu ara, msgavsi mainc
unda yofiliyo, radgan transSi Cavardnili adamianis krunCxviTi
moZraobebi didad ar gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisgan. aq ZiriTadad, saqme
gvaqvs gamomsaxvelobiTi saSulebebis vizualur aspeqtebTan.
,,atlarCopa~, aseve imRereboda mexdacemuli adamianis an
cxovelisadmi miZRvnili ritualis dros, romelic ase sruldeboda:
èlviT moklul cxovels deben àSvamkiaTze~, raTa nawilTa azriT, man
322Ковач
К., Песни кодорских абхазцев, Изд. Акад абхазского языка и литературы, Сухум, 1930,стр. 45.
323
javaxiSvili iv., Txzulebani Tormet tomad, saqarTvelos ssr mecnierebaTa akademia,
Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti, Tb., 1979, gv. 91.
147
ar SebRalos `miwis dedoflis~ siwminde, xolo sxvaTa mtkicebiT, Tavad
daRupuli cxoveli ar waibilwos miwaSi dasaflavebiT~324. vfiqrob, meore
versia metad axlos unda iyos afxazTa rwmena-warmodgenasTan, radgan
gardacvaleba sadResaswaulo msxverplSewirvis ritualiT grZeldeboda
da siwmindis faqtori warmarTul ritualSi mniSvnelovania. aseve ideuri
datvirTva aqvs feris simbolikas. msxverplSewirvis ritualis
aucilebel pirobas warmoadgenda _ `samsxverplo cxoveli usaTuod
TeTri unda yofiliyo~325. sadResaswaulo msxverplSewirvis dros
òjaxis (an gvaris) yvela wevri TeTrebiT iyvnen Semosili da morCilebis
niSnad yelze mZime, rkinis jaWvebi exviaT~326. mas Semdeg, rac mlocveli
waikiTxavs mokle locvas, àSvamkiaTis~ ukan, naxevarwreze ganlagebuli
xalxi, or gundad mReris àf-raSva~-s. `damnaSaveebi~ (mexiT daRupuli
arsebis patroni an ojaxis wevrebi adamianis SemTxvevaSi – x. damCiZe)
samgzis datrialdebian marjvnidan marcxniv da pirjvars iweren, Tu, ra
Tqma unda, qristianebi arian~327.Aamis Semdgom, àf-raSva~-s simReris qveS
sruldeba saferxulo `RvTis cekva,~ romlis drosac wris Sua adgilas
dganan `damnaSaveebi~, zogierT adgilas ki, maTac ayeneben ferxulSi da
aiZuleben icekvon TavianTi yelze Semoxveuli jaWvebiT~328. xalxi mTeli
dRis ganmavlobaSi mxiarulobs da mReris `RvTis simReras.
rituali cekviT suliT avadmyofTa erTgvari mkurnalobis Sesaxeb
samegreloSic ,,atleCobis~ saxeliT, aris cnobili. mocekvave àvadmyofi
am dros daxtis, fexebs gausvams da TamaSobs~329. samegreloSi avadmyofi
wminda giorgis saxelobis iloris eklesiis karze mihyavdaT. wminda
giorgi cnobili iyo rogorc avznianebisa da suliT avadmyofebis
mkurnali. ilorisa da alertis wminda giorgis xatobebze _ ilorobasa
da alertobaze _ maT gankurnebas evedrebodnen. mnaTe daayenebda
avadmyofs xatis win da daamwyalobebda. `Semdeg avadmyofs jaWvSi samjer
324
Джанашия Н., Абхазский култ и быт, Христианский восток, Т. V, вып. III, стр. 166
325iqve:стр. 166
326iqve:стр. 166
327
iqve: стр. 166
327iqve: стр. 167
328iqve: стр. 166
329
makalaTias., samegrelosistoriadaeTnografia, saq. mxareTmcodneobissaz., Tb., 1941,
axaligamocema, gv. 351.
148
gamoatarebdnen, igi xoxviT Semouvlida eklesias da eamboreboda
eklesiis kedlebs~330.
jaWvis simbolikas, siwmindesTan dakavSirebul TeTri feris samoss
da ganwmendis tradicias, aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi dafiqsirebul
ritualSic vxvdebiT. strabonis aRwerilobis mixedviT, qarTveli eris
modgmiT dasaxlebul, albaneTisa da iberiis sazRvarze mdebare mTvaris
taZris qurumebi, daWeril msxverpls `kiserze jaWvs daadeben~331 da
rodesac laxvardakrul, msxverpladSewirul `gvams erTs daniSnuls
adgilas miitanen, yvelani TaTavianT Tavis gansawmendad fexs daadgamen
xolme~332. ivane javaxiSvili, strabonis mier aRweril saweso qmedebas,
aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi tradiciul TaTr-giorgobis dResaswauls
ukavSirebs: 14 agvistos, sofel awyurSi, TeTr-giorgobas qarTl-
kaxeTidan, qiziyidan, TuS-fSav-xevsureTidan `mosuli xalxi jer
eklesiis galavans gars Semouvlis xolme samgzis, an ara da Svidgzisa;
marjvniT dasavleTis karebidan iwyeben siaruls da marcxniv midian,
sanam isev im karebs ar miadgebian; ase samjer an Svidjer win mudam deda-
kacebi miuZRvian, maT mamakacTa gundi misdevs. orive gundi `didebas~
galobs xolme rig-rigad, xan dedakacTa gundi, xan mamakacTa gundi:
`dideba da RmerTsa didieba, wminda giorgi cxovelo, Sens salocavad
movalo~333. Rogorc vxedavT aqac saritualo simRera or rigad _ xan
qalTa, xan mamakacTa mier sruldeba, isini marjvnidan marcxniv
moZraoben, iseve rogorc afxazur àtlarCobaSi~, rodesac `damnaSaveebi~
adgilze brunaven an ferxulSi dgebian, TeTr-giorgobis ritualSi ki
eklesiis galavans uvlian gars; strabonTan mas msxverpli ewodeba,
afxazeTSi ki jaWvSebmulebi `damnaSaveebi~ arian; strabonis monis
Sewirvis ritualSi monas adgamen gansawmendad fexs, atlarCopaSi
mexdacemuls àSvamkiaTze~ deben rom miwiT ar waibilwos. sagulisxmoa,
rom mTvaris siTeTre ara mxolod saweso qmedebis samosis feria, aramed
Tavad giorgic TeTr-giorgid iwodeba aRniSnul artefaqtSi.
330iqve: gv. 359

331
javaxiSvili iv., Txzulebani Tormet tomad, saqarTvelos ssr mecnierebaTa akademia,
Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti, Tb., 1979, gv. 90.
332
iqve: gv. 90.
333
iqve: gv. 91.
149
`TeTr tanisamosSi mona qalebi am dros saydars CoqviT garSemouvlian.
TiTos maTgans kiserze TeTri giorgis eklesiis mZime rkinis jaWvi adevs
da yvelani nazis xmiTa galoben da Tanac anTebul sanTlebs kedelze
akraven~334. TeTri giorgis nebayoflobiT `Sewiruli,~ yelze rkinis
SanaSebmuli monaTagani, eklesiis karebTan sazogadoebis gansawmendad
ecema.
àtlarCobasTan~ da mis genetikur aspeqtebTan dakavSirebiT metad
sagulisxmo informacias gvawvdis l. gvaramaZe: `damnaSaveTa~ triali da
wriuli cekva Sedis nayofierebis kultSi da astralur RvTaebaTa
kultis Tanmxlebia; Cveni winaprebis maSindeli rwmeniT ki astralur
RvTaebaTa funqciebi gamijnuli ar yofila da arc zustad
gansazRvruli~335.
afxazuri àtlarCopisa~ da aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi mTvaris
taZrisa da TeTri giorgis saweso ritualTa statikuri analizis
Semdgom, maTi genetikuri warmomavlobis aspeqtebsac SevexoT. vapelirebT
ra artefaqtebiT, vaskvniT, rom afxazuri Weqa-quxilis RmerTi, afi,
romlis sadideblad mexdacemulis garSemo orpiruli àf-raSva~
imRereboda da wriuli ferxuli, `RvTis cekva,~ sruldeboda,
aRmosavleTSi _ jaWvSebmulTa nazi galobiTa da taZris garSemo
msvlelobiT, aseve warmarTuli astraluri RvTaebis, mTvaris, romelic
Semdgom wminda an TeTrgiorgad transformirda, sadideblis TanxlebiT
_ sruldeboda.
aqedan gamomdinare, SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom afxazuri àtlarCopas~,
straboniseul da TeTr-giorgiseul saweso qmedebebs, mkveTrad
gamoxatuli urTierTmimarTebiTi kavSirurTierToba axasiaTebT. am sami
sakraluri ritualis identuroba swored imis mamtkicebelia, rom
afxazuri kultura erTiani, mTliani qarTuli kulturis ZirZveli
nawilia. dRevandel sasceno xalxur qoreografiaSi àtlarCoba~ aRar
gvxvdeba, Tumca ramdenime aTeuli wlis win mas afxazeTis simRerisa da
cekvis saxelmwifo ansambli cekvebis _ àibarkrasa~ da `SaraTinis~
Semdgom asrulebda. E
334
iqve: gv. 91.
335
gvaramaZe l, qarTuli sacekvao folklori, saqarTvelos kulturis saministro,
xalxuri Semoqmedebisa da kulturis centri (meore gamocema), Tb., 1997, gv. 39.
150
samegrelosa da afxazeTSi asrulebdnen gvalvasTan brZolis
rituals, romelic Zlier gavda ,,lazarobas.~ am rituals samegreloSi
`ZiZavas,~ afxazeTSi ki `Zivaus,~ uwodebdnen da faqtobrivad identuri
iyo. `ZiZava~-`Zivau~gogonebis mier gamzadebul Tojinas erqva, romelic
wvimis gamosawvevi ritualis dros gamoiyeneboda.
qalisa da mamakacis wyvilad cekva megruli, romelsac iumoristuli
xasiaTi aqvs da, zogadad, saferxulo nawilis Semdeg sruldeba, aris
àrira~ (harira). àrira~ (harira) cekva `qarTulis~ nairsaxeobaa, misi
sacekvao leqsika agebulia qalis qriala, mamakacis rTula svlasa da
gasmebis nairsaxeobebze. mas samegreloSi aseve `sxapuas~ uwodebdnen.
afxazeTsa da samegreloSi igi cnobilia, àfxazuri lekuris~
saxelwodebiTac. sergi makalaTia aRniSnavs, rom ,,cekvebSi miRebuli iyo
afxazuri lekuri, romelSiac mTavari iyo fexebis wveris ostaturi
aTamaSeba, Semovlis simarde da moTamaSe qalisaTvis gzebis gadaRobva
da sxv.~336 am cekvis Sesaxeb mravali aRweriloba mogvepoveba, romlebic
faqtobrivad identuria.
cekva `lekuri~ arc guriisTvis iyo ucxo: `cekva-TamaSs sxvadasxva
ieri dahkravs saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi da Cveulebriv yovelTvis
Tan axlavs sayvareli `lekuri~337. `bolos oriveni (ori mocekvave vaJi _
x.d.) SeCerdebian qaliSvilebis pirispir, asruleben maT winaSe `lekuris~
nair-nair ileTebs da Tavis dakvriT iwveven wreSi. musika ukravs
`lekurs~, yvelani taSs scemen. ori guruli qali mercxaliviT swrafad,
moqnilad da mkvircxlad trialebs. RmerTma dagifaros, rom am zeimis
dros Tavs neba misceT da maTTvis Seuracxmyofeli saqcieli
CaidinoT...~338
àrira~ (harira) SeiZleba raWul òRro-CoRrosac~ SevadaroT. misi
moZraobaTa kompleqsi da cekvis struqtura saqarTveloSi gavrcelebuli
qal-vaJis wyvilad cekvis saerTo niSnebiTxasiaTdeba, masac vaJis mier
qalis Sefaseba-gamowvevis principi udevs safuZvlad da, ZiriTadad,
336makalaTia s., samegrelos istoria da eTnografia, saq. mxareTmcodneobis saz., Tb.,

axali gamocema, gv. 280
337baqraZe d., arqeologiuri mogzauroba guriasa da aWaraSi (atlasiTurT), baTumi, 1987,
gv. 170
338iqve: gv. 172.
151
rTula, qriala da samdakvriT svlebzea agebuli. Aaseve, mamakacis
gasmebs, raWuli òRro-CoRros~ msgavsad, iumoristuli xasiaTi axlavs.
sabrZolo Setakeba-SebrZoleba or mowinaaRmdeges Soris afxazeTSi
àbastasa~ da samegreloSi `xinTqirias~ saxeliT aris cnobili.
SeiaraRebuli mowinaaRmdegeebi Tvalaxveulni iaraRis xmaze agneben
erTmaneTs da daundoblad ibrZvian. Tumca afxazur àbastas~ metad
mZafri xasiaTi aqvs, vidre megrul `xinTqirias~339. am wess brZolis
amsaxveli sacekvao qmedeba axasiaTebs. xanjlebiT cekvis faqts
adasturebs dimitri baqraZeguriaSic: `yvelasaTvis gansakuTrebiT
saintereso unda iyos saSiSi cekva xanjlebiT, rac Tu ar vcdebi,
mxolod guriaSi ician~340. rogorc Cans, mkvlevarisTvis ar iyo cnobili,
rom farikaoba da sabrZolo Setakeba-varjiSi mxolod gurulebis
tradicia ar iyo. ai, rogor aRwers igi am cekvas: `nadimis Semdeg
imarTeba saerTo cekva-TamaSi, is ase iwyeba: Cveulebriv Sua adgilas
gamodis ori guruli da cekvavs amxanagebis simReris xmaze, orive
iSiSvlebs xanjlebs da ostaturad da marjved akeTeben sxvadasxva
ileTs. uwinares yovlisamocekvave elviseburad, xanjalis qneviT
Semojarul mayureblebSi trials iwyebs~341XX saukunis ocian wlebSi
mxatvarma evgeni lanserem imogzaura kavkasiaSi da, CanaxatebTan erTad,
Seqmna mogzauris wigni saxelwodebiT ,,dRiurebi. Mmogzauroba, kavkasia:
yoveldRiuroba da dResaswaulebi,~ sadac aRwers cekvas xanjlebiT.
`yvela mocekvave cekvavs xangrZlivad, gansakuTrebiT, lazebi
xanjlebiT~342. cekva `pontiakas~ meore nawilic swored ori
Semsrulebeli mamakacis mier xanjlebiT cekviT grZeldeba.343
megruli sacekvao dialeqti, folkloruli nimuSebis _ `jansulo,~
`Zabra,~ àrira~ _ sacekvao leqsikiT warmodgenili, jdeba
zogadqarTuli qoreo-fuZeenis stilistikaSi. ferxulebis Tavisebureba
mdgomareobs mis Janrul saxesxvaobaSi _ ferxuli wrisSigniTa
moTamaSiT ucxo ar aris qarTuli sacekvao folklorisTvis, Tumca
339gvaramaZe l., qarTuli xalxuri qoreografia, `xelovneba~, Tb., 1957, gv. 95

gv. 170
341iqve: gv. 171.
342
Лансере Е., Дневники. Путешествия Кавказ: будни и праздники, книга вторая, Москва; искусство-XXI
век, 2008, Ст. 6
343
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C2j50TDDUtw (bolos gadamowmebulia 26.12. 2018)
152
amgvari ferxulebisTvis dramatuli, xSirad tragikuli motivi aris
damaxasiaTebeli da miZRvnilia daRupuli gmiris an gardacvlili
adamianis pativsacemad. megruli ferxulebisTvis ki aqcentirebuli
komikuri Sinaarsi aris niSandoblivi. ferxulebis `Zabrasa~ da
`jansulos~ sacekvao leqsika mkveTrad ar gamoirCeva dialeqturi niSniT,
mTeli datvirTva protagonist msaxiobze modis, romelic sruli
sinkretuli SemadgenlobiT, sadac pantomimis elementebsac
mniSvnelovani xvedriTi wili aqvs miniWebuli, xsnis da gadmoscems
Sinaarss.
dimitri baqraZis mier guriaSi dafiqsirebuli ferxuli megrul
`Cagunas~ dialeqtur analogad isaxeba: `wamsve wres gamoeyofian qalebi,
qaliSvilebi da mamakacebi da wyvil-wyvilad daewyobian, e. i. dama-
kavalrebad. iwyeba cekva, romelsac sacekvaod gamomwvevni diriJoroben
igiveni arian simReris damwyebni. yoveli damwyebi cekvis dros kafiad
Txzavs friad mwyobr da gonebamaxvilur simRerebs, Tu ra mouTmenlobis
cecxli wvavs mas gaxdes axalgazrda SavTvala guruli qalis megobari;
xanac xumrobiTa da komplimentebiT dascinis ugemovno tanisamoss; xanac
amxanags kenwlavs, romelic, aseve moswrebulad da gonebamaxvilurad
upasuxebs. amasobaSi ki mocekvaveTa wre trialebs, damwyebTa irgvliv,
itacebs maT bolo sityvebs da toniTa da taqtiT umatebs o o _ ho, am
cekvis dros daira da musika dums~344.
afxazeTSi arsebobda qoreografiuli nimuSi ,,wriuli cekvis~
saxelwodebiT. ,,wriuli cekva~ anu igive ,,mxrebis cekva~, romelic
yvelaze gavrcelebuli cekva iyo samegrelosa da afxazeTSi,
samegreloSi `xujiSis~ saxeliTac aris cnobili. aRwerilobiTac
TiTqmis identuria _ axalgazrdebi xelixelCakidebulni akeTebdnen
saerTo wres. mTeli gundis simReriT yvelani taqtSi xtebian an
trialeben aqeT-iqiT. gavrcelebis arealis mixedviT Tu vimsjelebT,
orive kuTxeSi dafiqsirebuli cekva an erTnairia an Zalian
mimsgavsebuli. masac axasiaTebs is dinamika, rac megruli
`mxarulisTvis~_ `xujiSi osxapuesaTvis~ aris damaxasiaTebeli.

gv. 172
153
Mmegruli enobrivi dialeqti lazur-Wanuris monaTesave da ganayofia.
megrulSic da lazurSic, winsarTi ò,~ qarTulSi winsarTi `sa~-s
niSnavs, romelic daniSnulebis adgilis aRmniSvnelad ixmareba. am
SemTxvevaSi o-biru, o-sxapue samRerel, sacekvao adgiladmoiazreba.
`cnobilia, rom megrul-Wanuri (zanuri) o – prefiqsi, masalobrivadac da
mniSvnelobiTac, Seesatyviseba qarTul sa-s, romelic damoukidebliv
(iSviaTad), an sxvadasxva prefiqsebTan erTad (Cveulebriv), awarmoebs
myofadi drois saobieqto mimReobebs (zmnuri fuZeebidan) da
daniSnulebis saxelebs (saxelur fuZeTagan).~345
termins `xujiSi osxapue~ avTandil TaTaraZe ase gansazRvravs:
,,sxapua~ megrulad cekvas niSnavs, ,,osxapue~ ki _ sacekvaos. ,,osxapues~
samegreloSi ferxulis saxelwodebadac miiCnevdnen~346. lazuri
kulturis mkvlevari, nazi memiSiSi, cekva `gandaganas~ Semadgeneli
cekvebis, ZiriTadad `yolsamas~ Zvel saxelwodebad `yolsxapuas~ miiCnevs
da am termins ganmartavs rogorc `kaliebis cekvas~347. termini, òbiru~,
miRebuli iyo samegreloSi, aseve termini `sxapua~ da misgan nawarmoebi
sityvebi gamoiyeneboda lazur sametyvelo dialeqtSi.
F i. tepcovis, s. makalaTias, Z. loluas mier aRwerili da dokumentur
masalaSi SemorCeniliferxulebi, rogorebicaa òsxapue~, `Zabras~
variantebi, òxoxoia~, zogadqarTuli stilistikis matareblebi arian.
aqac vxedavT Sekrul wres an sworxazovan ferxisas qal-vaJTa
monawileobiT.
rasac n. mari lazeTSi òbirus~348 uwodebs, samegreloSi amgvari
ferxisa òxoxoias~ saxeliT aris cnobili: .`mocekvaveni or jgufad
iyofian. TiToeuli jgufi xelCakidebulia da erTi maTgani Sairobs
leqsiT, sxvebi ki mRerian. Oori mxare erTmaneTs leqsaven, fexebis
aTamaSebiT mopirdapireni uaxlovdebian erTi meores da isev
daSordebian. saqme gaSairebaSi jobnazea~349. erTmaneTTan paeqrobasa da
orpirul struqturas amJRavnebs megruli `giwoRalac~, romelic
345ZnelaZe r., guruli dialeqtis toponimuri sistema, Tb., 2005, gv. 7

346TaTaraze a., qarTul cekvaTa ganmartebani, Tb., 1986, gv. 28
347kraveiSvili g., lazuri xalxuri musikis eTnografiuli da musikalur-Teoriuli
aspeqtebi, sabakalavro naSromi, Tbilisis vano sarajiSvilis saxelobis saxelmwifo konservatoria,
Tb., 2011, gv. 110
348
Марр Н., Из поездки в Турецкий Лазистан, С-Петербург, 1910, ст. 629
349
axali gamocema, gv. 282
154
megrulad `CamorTmeva~, `gamorTmevis~ azrobrivi mniSvnelobis
matarebelia.
megrul da lazur sacekvao dialeqtSi terminebis donezec vxedavT
msgavsebas. mag: cekva ,,mxujiSi~ (mxaris), lazuri xorumis saxeoba,
orsarTuliani ferxulia, sadac ìleTebi fexis dabla srialiT keTdeba,
radgan TviTeuli mocekvavis mxarze dgas meore mocekvave. mxarze
Semdgarni xelebis erTmaneTze gadabmiT icaven wonasworobas~350, da
megruli `xujiSi osxapue,~ romelic makalaTia-tepcovis mier aRweril
mSvid ferxulsac erqva da Zuku loluas mier dafiqsirebul dinamiur
mxarulsac. Tumca, aqve unda aRvniSnoT, rom faqtobrivad, erTnairi
dasaxelebis qveS mdebare qoreografiuli nimuSebi, sacekvao
arqiteqtonikis TvalsazrisiT, dialeqtur urTierTmimarTebas ar
amJRavneben.
eTnomusikologi g. kapanaZe adasturebs, rom moxeveebs hqondaT
Sromis simRera, `xarulis~ saxelwodebiT, romelic SesaZloa, `Sromis
dros saTqmeli saweso ferxulebis moxeuri varianti~351 yofiliyo da
SesaZlo paralelis arsebobas uSvebs megrul `mxarulTan,~ romelic
Tavis mxriv, qoreografiuli arqiteqtonikiT `moxevur gergetulas~
hgavs.`gergetula~ aRwerili aqvs a. yazbegs narkvevSi, `moxeveebi da imaTi
cxovreba~ _ àris kidev `gergetula~, romelic Zalian musikaluris da
damSvidebulis xmiT daiwyoba da TandaTan auCqareben. bolos iseTnairad
aCqardebian, rom sityvebs ZlivsRa aswroben. am dros momRerlebi wres
Seadgenen, sartylebSi xels Caugdeben erTmaneTs da sanam damSvidebuli
simRera aris, damSvidebuli dganan, mere wynarad SeinZrevian da
ramdenadac sityvebis warmoTqmas mouCqareben, isini xtunaobiT trials
auCqareben da bolos sworeT Tavdaviwyebamdisin midian~352. (citata
amoRebulia o. kapanaZis naSromidan)
marTlac aleqsandre yazbegis `gergetula~ Zalian hgavs dutu
megrelis `Zabras~ erT-erTi variantis aRwerilobas353 im gansxvavebiT,
rom megruli ferxulis dasawyisSi qalebic iReben monawileobas da
350vaniliSi m., lazeTi, Tb., 1964, gv. 133

351kapanaZe o., qarTuli saferxulo simRerebi, disertacia, Tbilisis vano sarajiSvilis
saxelobis saxelmwifo konservatoria, Tb.. 2014, gv. 57
352 iqve: gv. 56.
353megreli d., sacodavni, ìveria,~ #91, 1888.
155
ferxuli mas Semdeg ikrebs temps, rodesac wreSi mxolod vaJebi rCebian.
ferxulis swraf, meore nawils, romelic xSirad pirveli mSvidi nawilis
gareSec sruldeboda, `mxaruls~ igive `xorulsac~354 uwodebdnen.Mtermini
`mxaruli~, igivea rac megrulad `xujiSi,~ anu mxargadabmuli, amasve
adastureben T. saxokia da Z. lolua: `xolo mamakacebi aqeT-iqiT
erTimeores mxrebze gaSlil xelebs daadebdnen(aqedan saxeli TamaSobisa
`mxaruli~)~355 _ àseTi mklavebgadadebuli simRerebiT cekva samnairia.
samive sxvadasxva xasiaTisaa~356.
`xoruli~ ki gunduris, masobrivis aRmniSvneli gvian Semosuli, an
lazur-aWarul `xorumTan~ asocirebuli, azrobrivi mniSvnelobis
matarebeli termini unda iyos.
Tu moxeuri `xarulis~ musikaluri masala hgavs `gergetulas~,
`gergetulas~ qoreografiuli saxe ki `mxaruls~, SesaZlebelia
vifiqroT, rom moxeur `xarulsa~ da megrul `mxaruls~ Soris garkveuli
dialeqturi urTierTmimarTeba arsebobs. Aaqve, sainteresoa teqsturi
mxarec, romelic amjerad raWas daukavSirda. o. kapanaZe wers, rom e.
garayaniZis azriT, xevi orwiladi da samwiladi ferxulebis
TanaarsebobiT raWas Seedreba. ferxuli `gergetula~ ki, `raWuls
sityvieri teqstiTac enaTesaveba _ `daiZra didi sulTani~ (Sdr. raWuli
`daiZra didi sulTani~); zogierT raWul saferxulo wyobis mayrulSi
(ix. 131-is sruli audio versia) naxsenebi `qiziy bolo~, aseve, asocirdeba
analogiur sityvebze agebul gergetulasTan~ (sqolio)357.
oTar kapanaZe yuradRebas amaxvilebs kaxeTSi, qiziySi aRmoCenil
saqorwilo sarTulebian ferxulze, saxelwodebiT `vai, sabra~ da mohyavs
st. menTeSaSvilis da b. nanobaSvilis aRweriloba, sadac Cans, rom
orsarTulian wred Sekruli ferxulis monawileebis Sua dgas
maspinZeli xeladiT xelSi da ferxulis monawileebs Wiqa RviniT
umaspinZldeba. qveda iarusi ityoda ra _ `vai, sabra~, zeda pasuxobda _
`sabralo.~ `vai, sabra~ sruldeboda marcxnidan marjvniv wriuli
354qarTuli xalxuri simReris ostatebi, samegrelo, Zuku lolua, `saqarTvelos macne,~

Tb., 2007, gv. 182
355saxokia T., rogor vizrdebodiT Zvelad; Tb., 1955, gv. 12
356qarTuli xalxuri simReris ostatebi, samegrelo, Zuku lolua; `saqarTvelos macne,~
Tb., 2007, gv. 182
357kapanaZe o., qarTuli saferxulo simRerebi, disertacia, Tbilisis vano sarajiSvilis
156
moZraobiT da, amave dros, adgilis gadanacvlebiT. `vai, sabras~
qorwilis garda sxva dReebSic asrulebdnen... `vai, sabra~... wminda
movaleobis moxda iyo, romlis Sesruleba `mxiarulobi droÁ~, maT
Soris qorwilSic, aucileblobas warmoadgenda. b. nanobaSvilis
Tanaxmad, vai, sabra momRerlisa da gundis monacvleobiT sruldeboda.
zogjer, misi Sesrulebis Semdeg, mayarTa mxrebze meJinJRile ymawvilebi
Sedgebodnen, samsarTulian muxas gamosaxavdnen da mRerodnen `mumli
muxasas~358. Tumca aq mniSvnelovania, rom oTar kapanaZis yuradReba
miipyro ferxulis saxelwodebam da paralels avlebs megrul
`ZabralesTan~: `vai, sabras~ saxelwodeba da refreni `sabrale~ saocrad
hgavs megrul ferxul Zabrasac, romlis misamRerSi, aseve, msgavsi sityva,
`Zabrale~ gamoiyeneba. rTulia aixsnas, Tu saidan gaaCnia teritoriulad
sakmaod daSorebul am or kuTxes lamis erTi da igive saxelwodebis
ferxuli?! orive maTgani, iqneba es Sesrulebis wesi Tu Sinaarsi, aSkarad
Soreul warsulSi Camoyalibebuli saweso ferxulis niSnebs atarebs.
iqneb isini saerTo qarTveluri musikaluri `fuZeenis~ musikaluri
magaliTebia? es movlena miT ufro sainteresoa, rom arsebobs megruli
da aRmosavlur qarTuli saferxulo wyobis simRerebis sxva musikaluri
paralelebic, romelTac mogvianebiT SevexebiT~359.
unda aRiniSnos, rom SesaZloa musikaluri TvalsazrisiT
iZebnebodes paralelebi megrul da aRmosavleTqarTul folklorSi,
magram qoreografiuli mimarTulebiT, `ZabrasTan~ dakavSirebiT, igives
Tqmas ver SevZlebT. istoriul-eTnografiuli TvalsazrisiT
SemorCenilia megruli ferxuli `Zabras~ sami varianti: pirveli,
`Zabrale~ protagonistiT _ misi sasceno saxe saxumaro xasiaTs atarebs;
meore, _ `Zabrale~ protagonistis gareSe, romelic ufro Zvel variants
unda warmoadgendes da win uZRvis `mxaruls~; mesame, _ ,,Zabras~ iseTi
variantic, rodesac ferxuls SigniT oTxi-xuTi monawileobda, romelTac
xelSi xanjlebis nacvlad joxebi eWiraT. CamoTvlilTagan arc erTs ar
aqvs sarTulebiani ferxulis saxe da savaraudod, arc hqonia. Aaqedan
gamomdinare, `Zabrasa~ da `vai, sabras~ Soris mxolod lingvisturi
damTxveva gvaqvs saxeze.
358 iqve: gv. 78.

359 iqve: gv. 78.
157
dialeqturi urTierTmimarTebis TvalsazrisiT aRsaniSnavia
`Carirama~, romelsac samegreloSi qorwilSi asrulebdnen. rogorc
avtori gadmogvcems, am salaRobo simReras saqarTvelos sxva kuTxeebSi
variantebi gaaCnda, romelTa nawili msgavsi, nawili ki gansxvavdeboda
misgan. variantuli nimuSebi dialeqtur nairsaxeobebad iTvleba. ès
simRera Sromis simReraTa jgufs ganekuTvneba. zogierTi informatoris
(mag. t. xufenias ganarjias muxuridan) gadmocemiT, qorwilSi misi
Sesrulebisas Tan cekvavdnen kidec, magram ra saxis sacekvaos
asrulebdnen, ver gviTxra: `sxapunania~ _ (cekvaveno) _ agvixsna mxolod.
T. gudavas wignSi igi Setanilia sawesCveulebo saferxulo da Sromis
simRerebis ganyofilebaSi~360.
am simReris teqsturi da musikaluri variantebi saqarTvelos
sxvadasxva kuTxeSi aris dafiqsirebuli. avtoris gadmocemiT, igi
saferxuloa da i. kargareTelis mier n. axmetelaSvilis krebulSi sxva
saferxuloebTan erTad aris mocemuli: qarTluri varianti, erTawmindaSi
Cawerili _ `hai da qalebo~, saxelwodebiT; aseve qarTluria sofel
gomSi Cawerili `visia, visia, qali lamazi~; guruli varianti
dafiqsirebulia saxelwodebiT `hai da biWebo~. `yvela dasaxelebuli
simRera Zalian gavrcelebuli yofila da qorwilSic sruldeboda (isini
specialuradaa damuSavebuli da notebze gadatanili), teqstebi
Sinaarsobrivad satrfialoni arian. zogi maTgani uSualod cekvis dros
sruldeboda, zogiki, rogorc teqstidan Cans, _ cekvis win~361.
guruli `hai da biWebo,~ avtors, teqstidan gamomdinare, vaJTa
ferxulad warmoudgenia, romelsac calke gundi simReras ayolebs, `hai
da qalebo~-s Sesaxeb aRniSnavs, rom teqsts Tavad krebulSi axlavs
miniSneba qalTa ferxulis Sesaxeb, `visia, visia, qali lamazi~ ki qal-
vaJTa ferxulad warmoudgenia, romelic simReriT iwyeboda da cekviT
grZeldeboda:
èxla ki SemouaroT,
davagugunoT lxinia,
qali bevri vaTamaSoT,
360Coxeli s., qarTuli saqorwilo wes-Cveulebebi, Tbilisis universitetis gamomc., Tb,.

1990, gv. 109
361 iqve: gv. 109.
158
mariami da Tinia.~362
`Cariramas~ saxelwodebiT raWaSic icodnen iumoristuli xasiaTis
mcire dramaturgiuli saxioba, romelsac Teatralizebuli saxe hqonda.
werilSi, àfxazuri sacekvao leqsikis mokle mimoxilva zogadqarTul
sacekvao leqsikasTan mimarTebaSi~, qoreografiuli xelovnebis
istoriisa da Teoriis mimarTulebis doqtoranti, qristine mamasaxlisi,
afxazuri sacekvao dialeqtis sacekvao leqsikaze dayrdnobiT,
gansazRvravs mis urTierTmimarTebiT kavSirurTierTobas qarTul
sacekvao dialeqtebTan. daviT javriSvilis mier dadgenili moZraobaTa
da ileTTa klasifikaciis mixedviT: mdgomareobebi, svlebi, gasmebi,
Cakvrebi, brunebi, cerileTebi, xelsarTavebi da mxarsarTavebi,
muxlileTebi, xtomebi, SedarebiTi analizis safuZvelze, ayalibebs
saqarTvelos sxvadasxva regionis sacekvao dialeqtur leqsikasTan
msgavseba-gansxvavebas da erTian qarTul qoreografiul sivrceSi
afxazuri cekvis adgils.363
am TvalsazrisiT unda davubrundeT cekvas `SaraTini~. `SaraTini~
dinamiuri cekvaa, avTandil TaTaraZis SefasebiT am cekvaSi mocekvaveebi
sisxartesa da simardeSi ejibrebian erTmaneTs: `sruldeba simReris
TanxlebiT qal-vaJTa an cal-calke _ qalTa da vaJTa mier. xalxur
variantSi `SaraTins~ cekvavda ori vaJi, qal-vaJi an kidev ori qali.
SeiZleboda, iSviaTad or wyvilsac erTad ecekva. amJamad `SaraTini~
sruldeba qal-vaJTa mier (raodenoba ganusazRvrelia).~364 istoriul
cnobebSi daculi informacia qalisa da mamakacis Tavdauzogavi sacekvao
duetis Sesaxeb, sasceno variantSi gundur, masobriv cekvad gardaiqmna.
`SaraTinis~ ZiriTadi ileTia fexdakvriT gasmura _ cekva adgilze
da moZraoba win. dasawyisSi mocekvaveebi gamodian sapirispiro mxridan,
uvlian wres, dauaxlovdebian erTmaneTs da asruleben fexdakvriT
gasmuras. musikaluri frazis dasasruls _ adgilze swraf bruns an
cvlian adgilebs.
cekvis meore nawilSi vaJebi erTmaneTs cerebze cekvaSi ejibrebian.
362 iqve: gv. 110.

363
mamasaxlisi q., afxazuri sacekvao leqsikis mokle mimoxilva zogadqarTul sacekvao
leqsikasTan mimarTebaSi, saxelovnebo mecnierebaTa Ziebani, saqarTvelos SoTa
rusTavelis Teatrisa da kinos saxelmwifo universiteti, #4 (57), 2013, gv. 145.
364
Tb., 2010, gv. 183.
159
ZiriTadi ileTebi:
fexdakvriT gasmura;
fexdakvriT bruni;
tyupcerCakvra;
fexSlili Cakvra;
fexSliTa da ganbijiT Cakvra;
wvivdaqneviT calcerze Cakvra;
calcerze xtomiT winsvla;
terfdakvriT cerSedgomi.365
xolo TavSi ìleTTa ganmartebani~ cekva `SaraTinis~ sacekvao
moZraobebidan (gv. 319) damatebulia:
muxlura ori nabijis damatebiT;
terfdakvriT Cakruli;
terfdakvriT Cakruli bruniT;
wvivdaqneviT calcerSedgomi (calcerdakvra);
ganbijiT Cakvra;
ganbijiT Cakvra calcerze bruniT;
tyupmuxlze sriali;
warmodgenil ileTTa axsnisas ki (gv. 368) ileTebis qveS: `muxlura
ori nabijis damatebiT~, `terfdakvriT cerSedgomi~, `fexSlili Cakvra~,
`tyupcerSedgomi~, `fexSliTa da ganbijiT Cakvra~, miTiTebulia, rom
ixiloT mTiulurisa da moxeuris (`terfdakvriT cerSedgomi~) aRwera.
gamomdinare faqtidan, rom saqarTvelos aRmosavleT mTianeTisa da
afxazur sacekvao dialeqtSi ileTTa, moZraobaTa msgavseba, zogjer
identuroba fiqsirdeba, SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom afxazuri sacekvao
dialeqti mTis dialeqtTa jgufs ganekuTvneba da urTierTmimarTebiT
kavSirSia ara mxolod mTiulur cekvasTan, aramed raWulTanac,
romelmac aseve arasaferxulo nawilSi aRmosavleTis mTasTan
analogiebi gamoavlina. daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas, afxazuri
sacekvao dialeqti erTiani qarTuli xalxuri qoreografiuli sivrcis
nawilia.
365
Tb., 2010, gv. 183.
160
amgvarad, warmodgenili sacekvao dialeqtebis veqtoruli
ganfeniloba sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT gamoisaxeba: afxazuri
àtlarCobis,~ megruli àtleCobisa~ da aRmosavleT saqarTvelos
`TeTri giorgis mona qalebis,~ saweso sakraluri qmedebebi dialeqtur
nairsaxeobebad SeiZleba CaiTvalos; cekva `qarTulis~, megruli àriras~,
àfxazuri lekurisa~ da raWuli òRro-CoRros~ dialeqturi
variantuloba saxezea; megruli sabrZolo `xinTqiria~ da afxazuri
àbasta~ lazur-guruli xmlebiT cekvasTan poulobs msgavsebas;
afxazuri `wriuli cekva~, igive `mxrebis cekva~, samegreloSi `xujiSis~
saxelwodebiT iyo cnobili; lazuri òbiru~ da `vaxaxaia~ megrul
saferxulo òxoxias~ unaTesavdeba.
raWuli sacekvao dialeqtis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxi svanur da

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTisa da baris dialeqtebTan
1. funqciur-Sinaarsobrivi datvirTvis mixedviT
raWa moicavs qvemo, zemo da mTaraWis nawilebs. mTis raWis nawilSi,
romelic svaneTs emijneba, svanuri mosaxleoba cxovrobda da XV
saukunis pirvel naxevramde svaneTs ekuTvnoda. amiT aixsneba is faqti,
rom raWuli dialeqturi mimarTebis erTi Sto svaneTiskenaa
miqceuli.Mxolo meore, mZlavri Sto, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos rogorc
bars, aseve mTas, ukavSirdeba. aseT dialeqts Sualedurs uwodeben.
dialeqturi urTierTmimarTeba savaraudod imereTsa da leCxumTanac
unda isaxebodes, magram am or kuTxeSi imdenad waSlilia
qoreografiuli faqtori, rom aRniSnuli mizezi Cveni kvlevis procesis
ganviTarebis saSualebas arDiZleva.
rogorc dileqturi urTierTmimarTebis kvlevam daadastura,
marTlac, uarResad mravalferovani suraTi warmoisaxa aRmosavleTisa
da dasavleTis, mTisa da baris dapirispirebisas xalxuri nimuSebis
urTierTSedarebis safuZvelze. sakvlevi Temis sivrce gaiSala da
faqtobrivad, saqarTvelos geografiuli mdebareobis naxevarze meti erT
lokaciaSi moeqca. raWuli dialeqtis konkretulad romelime
dialeqtTan urTierTmimarTebis moTavseba CarCoSi, sasurvel Sedegs ver
mogvcemda, radgan am dialeqtis uaRresad mravalSrianma SemoqmedebiTma
kulturam bevri plastis gamovlena SeZlo. Tematur ganStoebaTa
161
mimarTulebebma sxvadasxva konfiguracia Seqmna. rogorc aRmoCnda,
raWuli dialeqti warmoadgenda gzagamtars aRmosavleTi saqarTvelodan
svaneTisken, amave dros, jer Tavad amuSavebda, qmnida saxesxvaobas, xolo
Semdgom iqmneboda svanuri variantebi. es im folklorul nimuSebs exeba,
romlebic svaneTSi mxolod qarTul enazea SemorCenili da maTi
analogebi qarTlSi, kaxeTSi, raWaSi an aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTaSic
aris dafiqsirebuli. dasavleT saqarTvelos SuagulSi mdebare raWuli
dialeqti, aRmosavleTiT qarTlisa da kaxeTis, aseve aRmosavleTis mTis,
urTierTmimarTebis mZlavr konturul konfiguracias gamosaxavs.
saqarTvelos mTam rogorc dasavleTSi, aseve aRmosavleTSi,
geografiuli mdebareobidan gamomdinare, SeinarCuna da daakonserva
arqauli wesi da rituali. xalxur tradiciaSi sulieri kulturis
Zeglebi agrZeleben sicocxles. xalxuri Semoqmedebis nimuSebis Sesaxeb,
romlebmac gaarRvies lokaluri sivrce, arn. Ciqobava aRniSnavs: xalxuri
Semoqmedeba àma Tu im kuTxis metyvelebas warmogvidgens da garkveul
kuTxeSi ixmareba, magram xdeba xolme, rom saukeTeso nimuSi am
Semoqmedebisa vrceldeba sxva kuTxeebSic, masTan rig Taviseburebebsac
kargavs. TandaTanobiT igi SeiZleba iqces saerTo kuTvnilebad~366. igi,
aseve aRniSnavs, rom àm kuTxeebis folkloruli repertuaris Sedareba
saqarTvelos centraluri raionebis repertuarTan dagvanaxvebs maTs
naTesaobas, erTobliobas, msgavsebas saerTo warmoSobas da ganviTarebis
gzebs, magram, amave dros – am ganviTarebis gansxvavebul
safexurebsac~367.zepirsityvieri nimuSebis saqarTvelos erTi kuTxidan
meoreSi migraciisa da misi gamomwvevi mizezebis, folkloruli
nawarmoebebis variantulobisa da maTi fiqsaciis Sesaxeb, fasdaudebel
informacias gvawvdian el. virsalaZis, g. kalandaZis, v. bardaveliZis, v.
kotetiSvilis da sxva mecnierTa naSromebi.xalxuri zepirsityvierebis
nimuSebs, saferxulo leqsebs: àmirani~, `Savo yurSao~, `Savlego~, ìa
mTazeda~, àvTandil gadinadira~ mTasa Tu barSi SemorCenili
variaciuli mravalferovnebis gamo, faqtobrivad, saqarTvelos mTel
teritoriaze vxvdebiT, Tumca maTi moculobiTi nawili mTam Semoinaxa.
366
Ciqobava arn., enaTmecnierebis Sesavali; stalinis sax. Tb. saxelmw. un-tis gam-ba da
stamba; Tb.; 1952; gv. 118. - citata amoRebulia el. virsalaZis naSromidan qarTuli
samonadiro eposi, `mecniereba,~ Tb., 1964, gv. 19.
367
iqve: gv. 9.
162
rodesac barisa da mTis erTsa da imave nimuSis variantebs
vadarebT, SesaZlebelia, baris varianti ufro Zveli da meti arqaikis
Semcveli aRmoCndes, vidre mTis, magram barSi misi sruli saxe ar
SenarCunebuliyo da mTas ki Semoenaxa da Cvenamde moeRwia.Aamitom, barSi
xSirad mxolod calkeuli motivebia Semonaxuli, an zogjer mxolod
Zeglis saxelwodeba. Tumca, es detali imis samtkiceblad, rom mTaSi
daculi ufroZvelia, ar gamodgeba. SesaZlebelia, ferxuli,
qronologiurad, siuJetidan gamomdinare, sul ramdenime saukunis
movlenas asaxavdes, magram arsebobs tradicia, romelsac Rrma safuZveli
aqvs da masze dayrdnobiT bevri nawarmoebi Seqmnila. amis dasturia,
rodesac erTi da igive siuJeti, erTi da igive nawarmoebi, ganviTarebis
sxvadasxva safexurze, sxvadasxva regionSi gvxvdeba, aq ukve,
SesaZlebelia, gamoCndes nimuSis ganviTarebis gza. am mxriv
gansakuTrebiT saintereso samonadiro eposi gvesaxeba. magaliTad, mTel
saqarTveloSi cnobili saferxulo leqsi _ àvTandil gadinadira~.
`cnobilia, rom àvTandil gadinadiras~ leqss asruleben dasavleT
saqarTveloSi nadurSi an Tibvidan dabrunebisas, ferxulSi. am leqsis
Sesruleba mayrulSi damowmebulia qarTlSic~368.
qarTuli sacekvao dialeqtebis urTierTmimarTebis qoreografiuli
TvalsazrisiT kvlevisas, pirdapir analogias musikaluri dialeqtebis
urTierTmimarTeba gvaZlevs, radgan musikis xasiaTi, tempi da ritmi
gansazRvravs moZraobis Sesabamis parametrebs da zogjer, TviT
moZraobasac. sinkretuli xelovnebis kvlevisas musikas wamyvani roli
eniWeba, radgan musikis ritmuli wyoba leqsis ritmikasac gansazRvravs369.
garda amisa, musikaluri dialeqtebis kvlevas gacilebiT didi xnis
istoria aqvs, vidre qoreografiulis. imdenad, ramdenadac cekva uSualo
kavSirSia zepirsityvierebasTan da musikasTan, qoreografiuli
dialeqtebis urTierTmimarTebis gansazRvrisas, am momijnave sferos
kvlevebis Sedegebi metad mniSvnelovania da gasaTvaliswinebeli.
368
virsalaZe el., mTisa da zemo raWis sawesCveulebo poeziis zogierTi sakiTxi ,
xalxuri poezia da proza, qarTuli folklori, VII, masalebi da gamokvlevebi,
369
`mecniereba,~ Tb., 1989, gv. 4 – 5.
163
rogorc cnobilia, raWul sasimRero folklors eTnomusikologebi
Sualedur zonad miiCneven qarTl-kaxursa da svanurs Soris. mTaraWasa
da zemo raWaSi dafiqsirebuli musikaluri nimuSebi met msgavsebas
svanurTan amJRavneben, gansakuTrebiT es ferxulTa kategorias
exeba.xolo, qvemo raWuli da nawili zemo raWulTa Soris, qarTl-
kaxuris analogiuria. raWuli xalxuri musikaluri xelovnebis kvlevisas
swored amaze amaxvilebs yuradRebas musikaluri dialeqtologiis
fuZemdebeli d. arayiSvili. igi aRniSnavs, rom `raWuli simRerebi
qarTuli musikaluri folkloris ori ganStoebis: erTis mxriv svanuris,
xolo meores mxriv qarTl-kaxuri simRerebis gavlenaTa mijnazea
moqceuli, qmnis mis Taviseburebas~370.
eTnomusikologTa naSromebi aRniSnuli Temis Sesaxeb TiTqmis
analogiuria, d. arayiSvilis Sexedulebas iziareben sxva mkvlevarebic.
amitom, yoveli maTganis Sefasebis aq moyvana Sors wagviyvans da mxolod
ramdenimes moviSveliebT: `svanur tomTa gansaxlebas Tanamedrove raWis
teritoriaze mowmobs svanTa musikaluri azrovnebis ganviTarebis
uZvelesi Sreebis arseboba raWulSi. AamasTanave, reliefurad Cans
raWulis (qvemo, zemo da nawilobriv mTis raWis) mWidro kavSiri
aRmosavlur-qarTul samyarosTan. am mxriv sayuradReboa raWulis
kavSiri ara marto aRmosavleT saqarTvelos barTan, aramed mTis
regionebTan, yovelive es gvafiqrebinebs, rom raWulis Zirebi musikaluri
kulturis aRmosavleTqarTuli wris wiaRSia saZiebeli. simptomaturia,
rom raWulSi SeRweuli svanuri simRerebis uZvelesi formebi reliqtis
saxiT Semoinaxa~371. sayuradReboa, rom eTnomusikologi, n. maisuraZe,
raWuli dialeqtis kavSirs ara mxolod aRmosavleT saqarTvelos barTan
xedavs, aramed mTasTanac. mniSvnelovania, rom es motivi qoreografiuli
urTierTmimarTebisaTvisac niSandoblivia da metad saintereso. n.
maisuraZe amgvar siaxloves aRmosavleTidan raWaSi mosaxleobis
migraciiT xsnida: `nawili raWuli simRerebisa axlomdgomia aRmosavleT
saqarTvelos mTielTa simRerebis uZveles formebTan. simptomaturia, rom
370
arayiSvili d., raWuli xalxuri simRerebi, `xelovneba,~ Tb., 1950,Ggv. 30
371
164
arqaizmis TvalsazrisiT mTis raWis dialeqti aRmosavleT saqarTvelos
mTis kilokavebTan avlens siaxloves~372.
rom ara uamravi sacekvao leqsikadakarguli folkloruli nimuSi,
romelTa Sesaxebac samecniero eqspediciebisa da eTnoforTa meSveobiT
SemorCenili dokumenturi wyaroebi gvamcnoben, saxeze iqneboda
aRmosavleTqarTuli saferxulo Semoqmedebac. amitom, raWaSi SemorCenil
ferxulTa moculobiTi raodenoba aRmosavleTSi dacul ramdenime
ferxuls _ `qorbeRelas~ `samyrelos~, `zemyrelosa~ da àbarbares~ _
upirispirdeba.raWis mezobloba qarTlTan, raWuli da qarTl-kaxuri
folkloruli Semoqmedebis urTierTmimarTebis ganmapirobebeli gaxda.
sayovelTaod cnobilia, rom Zvel droSi qarTlSi qorwili raWveli
mestvireebis gareSe ar Caivlida. Sesabamisad, kulturis
ukumimarTulebiT moZraobasac hqonda adgili. amitomac, raWa swored is
regionia, romelmac aseTi moculobiTi raodenobiT Semoinaxa rogorc
sakuTari, aseve svanuri da aRmosavleTqarTuli saferxulo nimuSebi,
Tundac arasruli sinkretuli saxiT.
eTnomusikologi, o. kapanaZe, anTropologiuri da enaTmecnieruli
faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT, raWul saferxulo SemoqmedebaSi gamoyofs
or musikalur dajgufebas: zemo da mTis raWisa da qvemo raWis. zemo da
mTis raWis mosaxleoba (onis raioni) svanebTan da aRmosavleTis mTis
xalxTan (xevsurebTan, moxeveebTan, mTiulebTan, TuSebTan, fSavlebTan da
zogierT Crdilokavkasiel xalxebTan) erTad, e.w. `kavkasiur~ tipSi
erTiandebian, xolo qvemo raWvelebi (ambrolauris raioni), kolxeTis
dablobze mosaxle qarTul eTnosTa (imerlebTan, megrelebTan,
gurulebTan, aWarlebTan, leCxumlebTan erTad) msgavsad, e.w. `kolxur~
tips qmnian. amasTan dakavSirebiT mas mohyavs qarTvel mecnierTa
mosazreba, rom `raWuli eTnosi Camoyalibda adgilobrivi (svanuri da
zanuri) da VII-VIII saukuneebidan aRmosavleT saqarTvelodan
gadasaxlebuli mosaxleobis Serevis Sedegad~373.
misi dakvirvebiT aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi gavrcelebuli ìavnanas~
hangi, dasavleT saqarTvelos kuTxeebidan yvelaze metad, raWaSia
gavrcelebuli, zemo da mTaraWuli mayrulebi ki aRmosavleT
372
iqve: gv. 14.
373
saxelobis saxelmwifo konservatoria, Tb., 2014, gv. 111.
165
saqarTvelos mTis, gansakuTrebiT moxeur-mTiulur ferxisebs, Zalze
hgavs374. `raWuli musikaluri dialeqtis gardamavali buneba
saferxuloebis musikalur TaviseburebebSic iCens Tavs. raWuli
saferxulo simRerebi, erTi mxriv, enaTesaveba qarTl-kaxursa da
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTis kuTxeebis ferxulebs (gansakuTrebiT _
moxeurs), meore mxriv ki _ svanurs. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom musikaluri
dialeqtebisromelime arealis gadamwyveti zegavlena raWul ferxulebSi
ar SeiniSneba~375.
qorwilis dros Sesasrulebel saferxulo `jvari winasa~,romelic
mkvlevarebis mtkicebiT dasavleT saqarTvelos kuTxeebidan mxolod
raWaSia gavrcelebuli, aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi icodnen376. es detali
kidev erTxel usvams xazs musikalurad raWuli folkloris Sualedur
dialeqtad miCnevis versias. òjaxis axali wevris _ patarZlis keris
garSemo mzis moZraobis mimarTulebiT Semovla, swored misi ojaxis
wevrad gaxdomis, keris mier misi miRebis simbolo iyo. es wesi
zogadqarTulia. mTiuleTsa, kaxeTSi Tu raWaSi es wesi saqorwilo
ritualis mTavar moments warmoadgenda~377.
aRmosavleTis mTasTan raWis kavSirma erTi dResaswaulis identuri
saxelwodebiTac miiqcia Cveni yuradReba _ `giorgobis~ dResaswauli,
raWaSi, sofel SxelSi, orjer imarTeba, erTi _ maisSi, warmarTul-
Temuri xasiaTis, romelsac ,,aTanigenas~ uwodeben da meore _ 10 noembers,
`giorgoba~. `giorgoba~ mTel saqarTveloSi cnobili iyo, magram
àTanigena~, xevsureTSic icodnen xatoba àTangenobis~ saxelwodebiT,
rac kidev ufro amyarebs mecnierTa mosazrebas, rom raWaSi mosaxleoba
aRmosavleTis mTianeTidan migraciis Sedegad Seivso.
rogorc aRvniSneT, geografiuli adgilmdebareoba dialeqturi
urTierTmimarTebis kvlevisas erT-erTi mniSvnelovani faqtoria. amitom,
gverds ver avuvliT mezobeli regionebis kulturul zegavlenas, rac
xSirad ama Tu im regionSi gardamavali zonis warmoqmnas ganapirobebs.
swored am zegavlenis Sedegia nawilobriv zemo da mTlianad mTaraWis
374
iqve: gv. 101-109.
375
iqve: gv. 111.
376
virsalaZe el., mTisa da zemo raWis sawesCveulebo poeziis zogierTi sakiTxi,
xalxuri poezia da proza, qarTuli folklori, VII, masalebi da gamokvlevebi,
377
iqve: gv. 80.
166
saferxulo nimuSTa msgavseba svanur saferxuloebTan. maTi Sesrulebis
saerTo konfiguraciisa da moZraobaTa analogiebis gaTvaliswinebiT,
SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom raWuli da svanuri sacekvao dialeqtis
urTierTmimarTeba saxezea. saferxulo nimuSebis garkveuli raodenoba
identuria orive regionSi Tematur-Sinaarsobrivi faqtoris
gaTvaliswinebiT, xolo sacekvao leqsikis TvalsazrisiT (saferulo
nawilSi), msgavsi. im nawarmoebTa magaliTze ki, romlebic sruli
sinkretuli saxiT gvaqvs, SegviZlia svanur da raWul nimuSTa Soris
msgavseba-sxvaobis gamovlena. zogad kanonikaSi moqceuli ferxulTaTvis
damaxasiaTebeli sacekvao moZraobebis klasificirebuli Sedareba,
sworedac rom qoreografiuli dialeqtebis urTierTmimarTebis
kvlevisas marTebuli meTodi iqneba. ZiriTadi moZraobebi da
mdgomareobebi, romlebic raWul da svanur ferxulebSi gvxvdeba, iqneba
es svlebi, fexis midgmiTi Tu Wdomili ileTebi, mklavTa poziciebi,
mniSvnelovan msgavsebas amJRavneben orive dialeqtSi.
rogorc aRiniSna, mTaraWul Semoqmedebasa da svanur sacekvao
xelovnebas Soris urTierTkavSirSi gadamwyveti roli teritoriulma
siaxlovem Seasrula da swored am faqtoris Sedegad am or momijnave
regionSi saxeze gvaqvs Tematurad identuri saferxuloebi mag; àmiranis
ferxuli~ da `sanadiro~; `Tamar qali~ da `Tamar dedfal~ (saieriSo)/
`Tamar dedfal~ (ravqensia). am ferxulebma sacekvao leqsika SeinarCunes.
samonadiro eposis uZveles tilos amiranis Sesaxeb, svaneTSi, a.
TaTaraZis mixedviT, `sanadiros~, raWaSi ki, àmiranis ferxuls~,
uwodeben.
g. kalandaZis naSromSi, `qarTuli xalxuri balada~, raWul variants
àmiran da Zmani misni~ hqviada avtori mas erTpir ferxulze
Sesasrulebel simRerad miiCnevs: àse sruldeba igi dResac zemo raWaSi.
simReris wamyvania erTi korife, romelic ZiriTad teqsts mReris, xolo
gundi mas exmareba da yoveli striqonis dasasruls _ erT an or sityvas,
oTxi marcvlisagan Semdgars _ imeorebs. amgvari ganmeorebani cekvis
ritms awesrigebs da ambis STabeWdilebas aZlierebs msmenelSi~378.rogorc
aRwerilobidan irkveva, raWaSi dafiqsirebul ferxuls wrisa da
wrisSigniT moqmedi protagonistis saxe hqonia. ferxuls aqvs mrgvali
378
kalandaZe g., qarTuli xalxuri balada, `saxelgami,~ Tb., 1957, gv. 84.
167
forma, sruldeba Sereuli SemadgenlobiT.Tumca, rogorc aRwerilobidan
Cans, sanoto masalisa da audio versiebis gadamowmebis safuZvelze,
nawarmoebi orpiruli Sesrulebis wess avlens _ solistisa da gundis
responsoruli Sesruleba isaxeba, da ratom miiCnevs g. kalandaZe mas
erTpir ferxulze Sesasrulebel simRerad, gaurkvevelia.
a. TaTaraZe (wignSi, `qarTul cekvaTa ganmartebani.~gv.4) ambobs, rom
àmiranis ferxuli~ sruldeba orpirul samxmian simReraze. svaneTSi
dacul variants ki g. kalandaZe àmiranis ferxuls~ uwodebs. àm leqsis
svanur variants àmiranis ferxuli~ (àmirani WiSxaS~) hqvia (`svanuri
poezia~, 1939, gv. 383).TviT saxelwodeba gviCvenebs, rom svaneTSiac es
leqsi ferxulze sruldeboda. svanuri teqsti vrcelia. masSi amiranis
devTan brZolis epizodicaa Setanili~379.
aqve unda aRvniSnoT, rom svanuri variantis teqsti mxolod qarTul
enazea. àmiranis ferxuli, romelsac svanebi qarTuli teqstiT mRerian,
svanebs raWidan nasesxebad da gasvanurebulad miaCniaT (axobaZe 1950:65)380,
Tumca svanuri amiranis ferxuli gansxvavdeba misi raWuli
variantebisgan rogorc melodiuri TvalsazrisiT, ise metr-ritmiTa da
agebulebiT (147, 148)~381.
saqarTveloSi, gansakuTrebiT svaneTsa da raWaSi, Tamar mefis
saxels bevri folkloruli nimuSi ukavSirdeba. maTi didi nawili
saferxuloa, Tumca zogierTi maTgani mxolod leqsis saxiT SemorCa,
radgan hangic ki dakarguli aqvT, araTu sacekvao leqsika. Tamar
mefisadmi (Tu zogadad Tamar qalisadmi) Cvenamde SemorCenil ferxulTa
Soris, raWaSi sruli sinkretuli saxiT ferxuli `Tamar qali~, xolo
svaneTSi `Tamar dedfal~ (ravqensia) da `Tamar dedfal~ (saieriSo),
mogvepoveba. svaneTSi am or ferxuls erTmaneTis miyolebiT, erT
nawarmoebad asruleben.
Tamarisadmi miZRvnil ferxuls, àmiranisgan~ gansxvavebiT, svanuri
teqsti axlavs. Tu svanuri da raWuli teqstebi àmiranis~ Sesaxeb,
faqtobrivad identuria, TamarTan dakavSirebiT imaves ver vityviT.
raWuli folkloruli nimuSis, `Tamar qali~, teqstis Sinaarsi msubuqi
379
iqve: gv. 84.
380
381
iqve: gv. 114.
168
iumoriT aRbeWdili leqsia vinme Tamarze, romlis simZimem cxens zurgze
wylulebi gauCina. Tamar mefis pativsacemad Seqmnil svanur versiaSi ki,
didi mefis silamaze, Zliereba, aRkazmuloba aris xotbaSesxmuli.
teqstis Sinaarsisa da qarTul enaze svaneTSi daculi àmiranis~
folkloruli nimuSi, zemoTCamoTvlili mizezebis gamo, savaraudod,
raWidan unda iyos SeRweuli. Tamarisadmi miZRvnili nawarmoebebi ki
yvela niSan-Tvisebis gaTvaliswinebiT, svanuria.
SeuZlebelia yuradRebis miRma samonadiro eposis saferxulo
Zeglebis triadis datoveba. raWuli dialeqtis ormxriv dialeqtur
ganfenilobas, Semoqmedebis es Janri, gansakuTrebiT TvalnaTliv asaxavs.
daRupuli monadiris cikls raWveli ìvane qvacixiselis~ (`naaRdgomevs,
mesame kviras, s. RebSi gaabamdnen ferxuls da ivane qvacixiselis leqss
ityodnen. Ees lobjaniZeebis dReoba iyo~382), moxeve `jarjisa~
(fragmentuli saxiT moipoveba moxeuri, TuSuri, mTiulur-gudamayruli
da xevsuruli variantebi, romlebic faqtobrivad raWuli versiis
analogebia383) da svani `bail beTqilis~ samkuTxedi qmnis.imdenad,
ramdenadac sacekvao leqsika mxolod svaneTSi dacul nimuSs aqvs
SerCenili, srulyofili dialeqturi urTierTmimarTebis Camoyalibeba
ver moxerxdeba da mxolod Sinaarsobrivi mxariT davkmayofildebiT.
CamoTvlilTagan raWveli ìvane qvacixiselisa~ da moxeve `jarjis~
istoria, faqtobrivad identuria. samive folkloruli nawarmoebis
Sinaarsi monadiris sikvdiliT sruldeba.
d. arayiSvili raWuli da svanuri simRerebis msgavsebis
gansazRvrisas aqcents maT samwiladobaze akeTebs: `raWuli simRerebis
svanurTan Sedarebisas Cven vxedavT, rom rogorc samxmianobis, ise sxva
elementebis mxrivac, maT Soris gansxvaveba ar arsebobobs. àmas mReris
rogorc qarTveli xalxis erTi Sto svanebis saxelwodebiT, mcxovrebi
kavkasionis qedze, aseve, ufro dabla mTis ferdobze mobinadre qarTveli
xalxis meore Sto _ raWvelebis saxelwodebiT~384. mkvlevari aRniSnavs,
rom raWuli saferxulo simRerebis `digori da basiani~, `maRla mTas
modga~, àmirani,~ samwiladi zoma Zlier axlos dgas svanur simRerebTan
da Sedarebisas, faqtobrivad, maTi erTmaneTisgan garCeva TiTqmis
382
virsalaZe el., qarTuli samonadiro eposi, `mecniereba,~ Tb., 1964, gv. 93
383
iqve: gv. 45.
384
arayiSvili d., raWuli xalxuri simRerebi, `xelovneba,~ Tb., 1950,Ggv. 16.
169
SeuZlebelia. imave azrs aviTarebs mkvlevari, rodesac raWveli
muSebisgan quTaissa da TbilisSi 1901-1902 wlebSi Caweril saferxulo
da sxva simRerebis svanuris gavlenaze amaxvilebs yuradrebas. aseTivea
saferxulo òdila da odelia~, simRera `sio SruSana~, romelic
cnobilia rogorc raWuli saferxulo, magram qvemo svaneTSic mRerian 385.
saferxulo simRerebsac `raeo, Cveno dedao~ da `Tamariki~ d. arayiSvili
svanurTan analogiurad miiCnevs.
raWuli musikaluri dialeqtis urTierTmimarTebisMmeore xazi,
rogorc aRiniSna, aRmosavleT saqarTvelosken miemarTeba. mTaraWa da
zemo raWis erTi nawili Tu svaneTs uaxlovdeba, zemo raWis meore
nawili da qvemo raWa aRmosavleT saqarTvelos _ qarTl-kaxur StosTan
amJRavnebs msgavsebas. `zemo da qvemo raWis da qarTl-kaxuri simRerebi
yvela niSnebis mixedviT erTgvarovania. aqac SeiZleba gavimeoroT igive,
rac iTqva svanur da mTis raWis simRerebis (kerZod ferxulebis)
erTgvarovnobis Sesaxeb~386.
metad saintereso suraTi gamoisaxa Sinaarsobrivi TvalsazrisiT,
rodesac aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi cnobili saferxulo nawarmoebebis
sakmaod moculobiTi raodenoba raWaSic aRmoCnda daculi. raWis
regionis qarTlTan siaxlovis Sedegi unda iyos iseTi folkloruli
Zeglebis Semonaxva, rogorebicaa: `Savlego~, `saxlo, salxinod
dadgmulo~, `yurSa~, àvTandil gadinadira~. magram aq vawydebiT
winaaRmdegobas, rac barSi dacul rig saferxulo nimuSTa sacekvao
leqsikis gaqrobaSi mdgomareobs da dialeqturi urTierTmimarTebis
Sefaseba mxolod Tematur-Sinaarsobrivi faqtoridan gamomdinare
mogviwevs. barSi saferxulo nawilis dakargvis mizezi, SesaZloa,
rogorc sacekvao leqsikis sirTule, aseve gamartiveba warmoadgendes.
ase magaliTad: svaneTis sofel uSgulSi Seqmnili ferxulis, `Tamar
dedfal,~ arqetips imdenad rTulad Sesasrulebeli sacekvao leqsika
gaaCnda, rom misi swavla yvelam ver SeZlo da droTa ganmavlobaSi
gamartivebisken wavida. `Tamar dedfali~, dResdReobiT, sruli
sinkretuli saxiT arsebobs, magram saqarTvelos sxva regionebSi
SesaZloa gamartivebisken svlam ara mxolod cvlilebebi Seitana, aramed
385
iqve:Ggv. 12.
386
iqve:Ggv. 20.
170
saerTod gaaqro ferxulis sacekvao nawili da daarRvia sinkretuli
simTele.verc sapirispiro process gamovricxavT: martividan rTulisken
svlasac, SesaZloa, sirTulis daZlevis problema gamoewvia, ramac
sabolood ferxuli moZraobis gareSe datova.
saferxulo leqsikis gareSe ferxulebidan `cnobilia `yurSas~
svaneTSi, qarTlsa da raWaSi Cawerili variantebi~387. mTel saqarTveloSi
metad popularuli da gavrcelebuli sagundo-saferxulo leqsi, `Cemo
yurSao,~ samonadiro eposis margalitad SeiZleba CaiTvalos. ,,Cemo
yurSaos~ saukeTeso mTqmelad daviT guramiSvili yofila aRiarebuli.am
SemTxvevaSi dasaxelebul nimuSs, rogorc svanuri da raWuli
dialeqturi urTierTmimarTebis magaliTs, viyenebT, Tumca misi moxseneba
saqarTvelos aRmosavleT nawilTan metad upriani iqneboda, radgan
savaraudod svaneTSi man, raWis gavliT, swored aqedan SeaRwia. cnobilia
misi mravali varianti. Cvenamde moRweuli leqsebis umravlesoba
Cawerili yofila raWaSi da swored raWaSi Cawerili teqstebi gaxda
umetesad mecnierTa dainteresebis sagani. miuxedavad imisa, rom epikuri
Zeglis teqsturi variantebi raWis garda aRmoCenilia svaneTSi, qarTl-
kaxeTSi, mTiuleTSi, xevsureTSi, xevSi, TuSeTsa da fSavSi, ferxulis
sacekvao leqsika, arsad SemorCenila.svaneTSi Cawerili `yurSao~
qarTulia, amitom svanuri mas pirobiTad hqvia. es niSnavs, rom svaneTSi
igi saqarTvelos sxva regionidan Sevida. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi svanur
enaze erTi varianti mainc aRmoCndeboda. barSi fragmentulad darCenili
es folkloruli nimuSi mTam Semoinaxa. am azrs aviTarebs el.
virsalaZec388. Tumca, wminda svanuri saferxulo siuJeturi msgavsebis
TvalsazrisiT, Semonaxulia ferxul, `beTqilis~, saxiT. raWulma
xalxurma xelovnebam, adgilobrivi, `yurSas~ lokaluri versia Seqmna
ìvane qvacixiselis~ saxiT, sadac yurSa, monadire ivanes RvTaebrivi
ZaRli, rogorc erT-erTi personaJi figurirebs.
sayuradReboa, rom saferxulo leqsi ìa mTazeda, Tovlianzeda~
Semoinaxa rogorc aRmosavleTma qarTl-kaxeTisa da fSav-mTiuleTis
saxiT, aseve dasavleTma raWis saxiT. miuxedavad misi farTo
gavrcelebisa, nimuSis saferxulo nawili arsad SemorCa. am baladis
387
388
iqve: gv. 38.
171
mTiuluri varianti TiTqos agrZelebs raWul variantSi ganviTarebul
siuJets. orive variantisTvis damaxasiaTebelia tragizmi da emociuri
simZafre.
im ferxulTa Soris, romelsac dakarguli aqvs qoreografiuli
nawili, erT-erTia n. abakelias mier dafiqsirebuli saferxulo simRera
`saxlo, salxinod dadgmulo~389. simRera sruldeboda saxlis saZirkvlis
amoyvanis dros. leqsi qarTl-kaxeTSic SemorCenilia rogorc
zepirsityvierebis nimuSi. sacekvao leqsika arc aq SemogvrCa.
,,Savlego~ raWuli epikur-istoriuli Janris TvalsaCino nimuSiaAam
leqsis raWuli varianti a. TaTaraZes mocemuli aqvs Tavis naSromSi,
,,qarTuli xalxuri qoreografiis istoriis sakiTxebi~. sacekvao leqsika
igivea, rac àmiranis ferxulis~. is Tvlis, rom Tu ferxul `Savlegos~
sacekvao leqsikis dadgenis SesaZlebloba mogvecemoda, misi qarTl-
kaxuri warmomavlobis gaTvaliswinebiT, zogadad qarTl-kaxuri
ferxulebis Sesaxeb informirebulni viqnebodiT. vfiqrob aRniSnuli
versia, arasworia, radgan is Tavad gansazRvravs am ferxulis sacekvao
leqsikas, romlis mixedviTac ferxulTa sakmaod did jgufSi erTiandeba.
am logikiT, aRmoCndeba, rom yvela ferxuli, romelTa sacekvao
leqsikac `Savlegos~ sacekvao leqsikis identuria, qarTl-kaxuri
yofila. Cveni azriT, mxolod erTi nimuSis safuZvelze, mTeli
dialeqtis gansazRvra SeuZlebelia. garda amisa, axal obieqtur
realobaSi, nimuSi iZens im mxatvrul maxasiaTeblebs, romelSic
arsebobas agrZelebs.
simptomaturia, rom dasavleT saqarTvelos bari samonadiro epikuri
Zeglebis daculobiT ar gamoirCeva. samegrelo, guria, sadac xelSesaxebi
qoreografiuli nimuSebi gagvaCnia, dialeqtur urTierTmimarTebaSi
raWul folklorTan ar fiqsirdeba. imereTTan raWas saferxulo nimuSi,
`madli maxarobelsa~, akavSirebs. Tumca, am folkloruli nimuSis
qoreografiuli saxe SemorCenilia mxolod rogorc raWuli. ès
ferxuli sruldeba aRdgomas eklesiis ezoSi, Semdeg ki mTeli kviris
ganmavlobaSi~390. garda amisa, imeruli ferxulis, `qriste aRdga~, Sesaxeb
389
abakelia n.,simbolo da rituali qarTul kulturaSi,saq. mecn. akad. istoriisa da
eTnografiis instituti, Tb., 1997, gv. 53.
390
Вирсаладзе Ел.,Весенная хороводная поэзия, Изд.`Наука,~Мос., 1964, стр. 8
172
mogvepoveba informacia misi sarTulebianobis Sesaxeb, raWuli variantebi
erTsarTuliani, mrgvali ferxulebia. `qriste aRdgas samwiladi
variantebi mxolod mTaraWaSi (sof. RebSi) fiqsirdeba (136, 60).
gacilebiT ufro gavrcelebulia am simReris orwiladi nimuSebi,
romelic sruldeba mTaraWaSi, zemo da qvemo raWaSic. yuradRebas iqcevs
qvemoraWuli qriste aRdgas variantebi, romelTagan erTi (61) amave
saxelwodebis leCxumuri saferxulo simReris (86) analogiuria, xolo
meoris (59) intonaciuri da struqturuli qarga svanur bibas (168)
enaTesaveba~391.
imeruli, `qriste aRdga~, met siaxloves raWul saferxuloebTan
amJRavnebs392.
rafiel erisTavi, naSromSi, `folklorul-eTnografiuli werilebi~,
aRwers leCxumis soflebSi gamarTul dReobebsa da maT Tanmxleb
saweso-ritualur qmedebebs. Arc erTi mis mier CamoTvlili TavSeyra
cekva-TamaSis, ferxulisa da sxvadasxva sanaxaobis gamarTvis gareSe ar
mTavrdeboda. aqac xalxi iseve ilxenda da erToboda, rogorc
saqarTvelos sxvakuTxeebSi. leCxums gars ekvris svaneTi, raWa,
samegrelo, imereTi. mxolod imereTi gamoirCeva ferxulTa simwiriT.
raWul da svanur mdidar sacekvao gavlenas leCxumSi ver vadasturebT.
leCxumSi gamarTuli sanaxaobebis Sesaxeb Zalian mwiri informacia
mogvepoveba Teoriuli TvalsazrisiTac. CvenTvis amouxsneli mizeziT ki,
Tundac am mwiri aRwerilobebis Sesabamisi, arc praqtikuli mxatvruli
nimuSi ar SemorCa qarTul qoreografiul folklors.
erTaderTi folkloruli nimuSi, isic sasimRero saxiT raWuli da
leCxumuri dialeqturi urTierTmimarTebis dasturad aris `qriste
aRdga, gixarodes, madli maxarobelsao~. sofel donirisas (savaraudod
dRnorisa unda iyos-x.d.) axal kvirikedRes, romelic paseqis meore
kvirasaa, `Semdeg wirvisa, or saaTs, Seeqcevian TamaSobasa, imRereben
qriste aRdga, gixarodes, madli maxarobelsao~393 da sxva simRerebs.
saferxulo `qriste aRdga~ dafiqsirebulia leCxumSic, Tumca raWuli
analogi gansxvavebulia, mxolod qvemo raWis sofel caxis varianti
391
392
iqve: gv 131.
393
erisTavi r., folklorul-eTnografiuli werilebi, `mecniereba,~ Tb., 1986, gv. 26.
173
amJRavnebs leCxumurTan msgavsebas, rac qvemo raWisa da leCxumis
teritoriuli siaxloviT unda iyos ganpirobebuli. sacekvao leqsika
ucnobia394.
2. formisa da sacekvao leqsikis mixedviT
raWuli sacekvao dialeqtis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxis meore
nawili eTmoba dialeqtis formisa da sacekvao leqsikis kavSir-
urTierTobas saqarTvelos zogierT sacekvao dialeqtTan. avTandil
TaTaraZis naSromi, `qarTuli xalxuri cekva~, faqtobrivad, erTaderTia,
romelic raWuli dialeqtis sacekvao leqsikas, saxadasxva saferxulo
nawarmoebis safuZvelze, Seicavs. avTandil TaTaraZis mier aRwerili
raWuli ferxulebisTvis damaxasiaTebelia mrgvali, rkaliseburi,
ferxisuli, wreSi protagonistiT da sarTulebiani formebi. Eferxulis
zemoTCamoTvlil formaTa nairsaxeoba niSandoblivia ara mxolod
raWuli, aramed yoveli qarTuli sacekvao dialeqtisTvisac, Tumca ara
erTgvarovnad, aramed, erTi an ramdenime formis dominirebiT.
saferxuloebis safuZvelze urTierTmimarTebis gamosaxvisas gadamwyvet
faqtorad sacekvao-saferxulo leqsikisa da formisidenturoba migvaCnia.
raWuli saferxuloebi formiT da sacekvao leqsikiT, rogorc aRiniSna,
svanurTan met siaxloves amJRavneben. eTnomusikologi, qarTuli
musikaluri dialeqtebis mkvlevari, ediSer garayaniZe, aRniSnavs, rom
raWuli simRerebis umravlesoba saferxuloa da ZiriTadad or gundad
sruldeba. raWul sasimRero folklors axasiaTebs samwiladi
saferxuloebis siWarbe, rac mas, aseve qarTl-kaxurTan akavSirebs, Tumca
xazs usvams met siaxloves svanurTan da zogadad, dasavlur qarTul
tipad moiazrebs395. raWul musikalur dialeqts igi damoukidebel
dialeqtad gansazRvravs da aRniSnavs: `raWvelTa Sesruleba sidinjiT
gamoirCeva. ferxulebi iwyeba neli tempiT _ TandaTan Cqardeba da
imavdroulad, emociuri daZabulobis zrdasTan erTad, nel-nela
(modulaciis gareSe), maRldeba. msgavsi movlena saqarTvelos yvela
kuTxis mkvidrTa SesrulebaSi gvxvdeba, magram saferxulo simRerebSi
394
395
`saqarTvelos macne,~ Tb., 2011, gv. 65.
174
ufro svanurisa da raWulisaTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli~396. amonaridSi
ferxulis tempis cvalebadobazea yuradReba gamaxvilebuli. Tumca, es
tendencia ara mxolod aRniSnuli dialeqtebisTvis, megrulisTvisac
simptomaturia.
ferxulebis, gansakuTrebiT samonadiro ferxulebis, Sesrulebis
Tavisebur formaze saubrobs mkvlevari el. virsalaZe: `qarTuli
samonadireo saferxulo simRerebis Sesrulebis saintereso forma
gadarCenilia svaneTSi, sadac mas `Sairis~ saxelwodebiT icnoben~397.
rogorc el. virsalaZe gadmogvcems, amgvari leqsebisTvis saferxulo
Sesruleba iyo damaxasiaTebeli, sadac mrgvalad Sekrul SemsrulebelTa
jgufs wreSi leqsis mTqmeli protagonisti Cauyenebia, gundi ki
akompanementis TqmiT Semoifargleba. protagonisti saxiobiT Sinaarsis
gadmocemasac axerxebs. simReris dinamikis matebasTan erTad imatebs
simReris tempi, gundi iwyebs ritmul taSiskvras da `moSaires~ pantomima
gadaizrdeba cekvaSi, Tumca ferxuli statiuria. elene virsalaZes
mohyavs v. tepcovis mier svaneTSi dafiqsirebuli `Sairis~ Sesrulebis
forma, romelic jixvebs gadevnebul monadires exeba: `simRera iwyeba
neli tampiT da TandaTan swraf cekvaSi gadadis... cekvavs mxolod
teqstis momRerali, xolo gundi mReris misamRer `ho – la~-s da simReris
taqts taSiscemas ayolebs~398.
o. kapanaZis azriT ki imis gamo, rom `SairSi~ mTavari personaJi
moqmedi protagonistia, xolo gundi statikuri, gundis ùmoqmedobis~
gaTvaliswinebiT, amgvar Sesrulebas Znelia ferxuli uwodo da igi
ufro `saTamaSos~ tipisaa: `svanuri Sairi aigeba responsorul formaze.
sagulisxmoa, rom aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi saTamaSo, ZiriTadad,
swored solistisa da gundis monacvleobiT sruldeba~399. xolo
raWuli da svanuri saferxuloebis cekvaSi gadazrdis tendenciis
arsebobasTan dakavSirebiT mohyavs citata aleqsi daviTianis 1960 wlis
statiidan (daviTiani, aleqsi. (1960). davicvaT svanuri simRerebis
siwminde. JurnalSi: sabWoTa xelovneba. #2: 69-71), sadc statiis avtori am
396
iqve: gv. 65.
397
398
iqve: gv. 177.
399
175
tendenciis arsebobas svanur qoreografiul folklorSi metad xedavs,
vidre raWulSi: `svanuri gundebis SesrulebaSi am bolo dros
damkvidrda simRerebis erTmaneTTan gadabma, amiT xSirad irRveva
calkeuli simReris damaxasiaTebeli sidinje da erTi hangidan meoreSi
moulodneli gadasvlis gamo msmenels ereva STabeWdilebebi da gancdil
siamovnebas TiTqos civi wyali esxmis. asea magaliTad sagundo-
saferxulo simRera `varadielasas~ Sesrulebis dros. roca rostom
Wabukis tyveobis mware Tavgadasavals samxiarulo `varirava rera raSav
reras~ gadaabamen da gasaocari siCqariT mRerian~400.
Cvenc igve Sexedulebas viziarebT raWuli ferxulebis saritualo
nawilis mxiaruli cekviT gagrZelebasTan dakavSirebiT, radgan raWuli
ferxulebis dasruleba òRro-CoRroTi~ sakmaod xSiri movlenaa,
gansakuTrebiT meoreuli ansamblebis repertuarSi. a. TaTaraZe aRniSnavs,
rom qoreografiuli nawarmoebis amgvarad ageba misma sascenod
momzadebam ganapiroba. `Tamar dedfal~-`saieriSo,~ `Tamar dedfal~-`ra
vqensias~ Semdgom sruldeba. rogorc av. TaTaraZe aRniSnavs, aseTi saxe
man mxolod mas Semdeg miiRo, rodesac avTenturobidan meoreul, anu
sasceno nawarmoebad iqca: `Tamar dedfali ferxuliT~ Cven mier xalxuri
ferxulis safuZvelze Seqmnili sakuTari samnawiliani (Tamar dedfal
ravqensia, Tamar dedfal saieriSo da ceruli) kompoziciaa, romelic
saqarTvelos simRerisa da cekvis ansamblSi daidga 1968 wels~401.
aqedan gamomdinare, naklebad savaraudoa, rom avTenturi nimuSebi,
romlebic Sinaarsidan gamomdinare sakralur, religiur, daRupul
gmirTa an bunebrivi movlenebisgan gamomdinare, metad dramatul Sinagan
gancdebs gadmoscemdnen, salaRobo, iumoristuli, satrfialo xasiaTis
cekviT dasrulebuliyo.
raWaSi `zrunis Sairi~ msgavsi Sinaarsis matarebelia da meti
tragizmis Semcveli. igi glovasTan da xmiT tirilTan asocirdeba.
gardacvlili axloblis zruniTa da RuRun-qorqaliT gaxsenebis garda,
`zrunis Sairi~ daRupuli gmiris sadideblad Seqmnili eposis
gadmosacemadac sruldeboda, Wianuris TanxlebiT. raWisa da svaneTis
xalxur yofaSi erTgvarovani simebiani instrumenti, svaneTSi _ Wianuris,
400
iqve: gv. 127.
401
TaTaraZe a.,qarTuli xalxuri cekva, saqarTvelos folkloris saxelmwifo centri,
Tb., 2010, gv. 285.
176
raWaSi ki, Wuniris saxelwodebiT ixmareboda. faqtobrivad, Wianuri da
Wuniri identuria. M`sakravs Zalze sevdiani xma aqvs. is zedmiwevniT
zustad gamoxatavda teqstis Sinaarssa da ganwyobas, radgan samonadiro
epikuri Sinaarsis nawarmoebebi daRupuli monadiris datireba-
mogonebisaTvis iyo Seqmnili. epikuri simRerebi sruldeboda rogorc
ferxulis, aseve individualuri Semsruleblis mier simebiani
instrumentis akompanimentiT402.
aqve amaxvilebs yuradRebas el. virsalaZe `Sairis~ Sesrulebis
tradiciis msgavsebaze aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTasTan.
urTierTmimarTebis veqtorma kidev erTi mimarTuleba SeiZina da
aRmosavleT saqarTvelosken gaemarTa. `1953 wels Cven mier mTa raWis
soflebSi: glola, Rebi, Wiorasa da uweraSi fiqsirebuli iyo xevsuruli
mTiblurebis analogiuri tradicia. gansxvaveba imaSi iyo mxolod, rom
aseTi simRerebi, romelTac mTa raWaSi `Sairs~ uwodeben, sruldeba iq
ara mxolod Tibvis dros, aramed mkaSic (qalebis mier). maT asruleben
agreTve gzaSi _ Tibvidan Tu samkalidan dabrunebis dros. zogierT
maTgans asruleben `zrunSiac~. mTa raWis `Sairi~ (es termini mTa raWis
sxvadsxva sofelSi gansxvavebulia, mag., RebSi mas ufro xSirad `zruns~
uwodeben) formis mxrivac iCens Taviseburebas~403.
mTieli monadire jarjis, raWveli ivane qvacixiselisa da svani
beTqilis sadideblad, daRupuli gmirebis ukvdavsayofad, `Sairi~
yvelaze miRebuli da adaptirebuli forma iyo. el. virsalaZe raWas,
svaneTsa da aRmosavleT saqarTvelos qoreografiuli folkloruli
nimuSebis saferxulo wyobis identurobazec amaxvilebs
yuradRebas:Aàmgvari Sesrulebis dros simRera metad mZimed midis, rac
wamyvans Semdegi taepis mofiqrebis da gamoTqmis saSualebas aZlevs.
mrgvali ferxulis es forma dResac cocxalia aRm. saqarTvelos
mTianeTSi, raWasa da svaneTSi~404.
svanuri da raWuli dialeqturi sacekvao leqsikis mixedviT,
urTierTmimarTebis aseTi suraTi gamoisaxa _ sanimuSod moviyvanT
402
403
iqve: gv. 181.
404
iqve: gv. 172.
177
samonadiro eposis amiranTan dakavSirebul, orive dialeqtSi cocxal
ferxuls, raWul àmiranis ferxulsa~ da svanur `sanadiros~.
avTandil TaTaraZis naSromSi daculi aRwerilobis mixedviT
raWuli àmiranis ferxulis~ moZraoba sruldeba 4 taqtis ganmavlobaSi.
yoveli 4 taqtis Semdgom kompozicia meordeba. SemsrulebelTa Sereuli
saxis, wriulad, saxiT centrisken, musikaluri zoma 3/4. pirveli taqti
moicavs Sesavals, gundi ki meore taqtidan iwyebs moZraobas. ferxuli
agebulia nabijze, fexis Wdomaze, cerze Sedgomaze, ergbuqnsa da fexis
gaqnevaze. aseTive moZraobaTa kompleqsi da kompoziciuri qarga
axasiaTebT ferxulebs `qalsa visme~, `maRla mTas modga~, èrTxel
wisqvils wasvlisaTvis~, `qvedrula modidebula~ da `Savlego~. am
ferxulebSi mxolod teqsti da musikaluri nawili icvleba, sacekvao ki
analogiuri rCeba. aq ferxulTa Janrobrivi diferencireba sacekvao
leqsikis TvalsazrisiT SeuZlebelia, radgan rogorc vxedavT
erTgvarovanma saferxulo fexis moZraobam gaaerTiana sxvadasxva Janris
ferxulebi. rogorc avTandil TaTaraZe wers, `xalxuri gadmocemis
mixedviT, ferxuli `maRla mTas modga,~ Zvelad, `zemyrelos~ msgavsad,
orsarTuliani yofila~405. radgan am ferxuls zemoTCamoTvlilTa
sacekvao leqsika axasiaTebs, xom ar SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom danarCeni
ferxulebic orsarTulad icekveboda?
svanuri ferxul `sanadiroს~ moZraoba sruldeba 4 taqtis
ganmavlobaSi, aq sacekvao fraza mTavrdeba. Mme-5 taqtidan ferxuli
iwyeba Tavidan. igi aris SemsrulebelTa mixedviT Sereuli saxis,
musikaluri zoma 4/4. Ppirveli taqti _ Sesavali, pirveli taqtis bolo
meoTxedze iwyebs gundi moZraobas. ferxuli agebulia nabijze, fexis
gaqnevaze, saferxulo Cakrulze, ergbuqnze, sada muxlura winsvlaze,
simZimis gadatanaze erTi fexidan meoreze.
struqturuli TvalsazrisiT orive ferxuli agebulebis,
Semadgenlobisa da moZraobaTa erTgvarovnebiT xasiaTdeba. Tumca met
sirTules svanur nimuSTan vxvdebiT. unda aRiniSnos musikaluri da
sacekvao frazebis arc Tu martivi Tanwyoba. Mmusikaluri fraza
faqtobrivad ar emTxveva moZraobis frazas. `sagangebod unda aRiniSnos,
405
TaTaraZe a. ,qarTuli xalxuri cekva, saqarTvelos folkloris saxelmwifo centri,
Tb., 2010, gv. 115.
178
rom, xSirad, raWul ferxulebSi musikaluri da sacekvao muxli
erTmaneTs ar emTxveva, rac, rig SemTxvevebSi, SeiZleboda ganepirobebina
erTsa da imave saferxulo moZraobaze sxvadasxva simReris Sesrulebas;
Tumca, meore mxriv, raWaSi (da ara marto raWaSi) sacekvao da
musikaluri muxlis asimetriulobis sixSire amgvari tipis ferxulebis
tradiciulobaze unda mianiSnebdes~406. miuxedavad sacekvao leqsikis
erTgvarovnebisa, svanuri nimuSis sacekvao leqsika raWulTan SedarebiT
ufro rTuli, mravalferovani da dinamiuria.
meore saferxulo nimuSi Sesadareblad, faqtobrivad, mxolod
saxelwodebidan gamomdinare SevarCieT, radgan am SemTxvevaSi, raWuli
ferxulis personaJi, Tamari, SesaZloa, sulac ar iyos Tamar mefe,
aramed vinme Tamari.
Tamarisadmi miZRvnili raWuli ferxuli `Tamar qali~ da svanuri
ferxulebi, `Tamar dedfal~ _ `ravqensia~ da `saieriSo,~ kompoziciis
mixedviT sakmaod gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisgan, sacekvao leqsikis
TvalsazrisiT ki naklebad, moZraobaTa kompleqsi msgavsia. orive
saferxulo raWul nimuSTan mimarTebiT msgavsebas amJRavnebs. maTi
qoreografiuli sametyvelo ena erTsa da imave sacekvao leqsikazea
agebuli.
rac Seexeba svanur ferxuls, `Tamar dedfal~, cnobilia, rom igi
gansakuTrebuli sirTuliT xasiaTdeboda. rogorc Cans, Cvenamde
moRweuli versia Sorsaa pirvelwyarosgan, radgan ferxulis sirTulem
Semsrulebeli uneburi gamartivebisken waiyvana: `Tavisufal svaneTSi
darCenilia xalxuri simRera Tamar dedofalze. simRera ufro namdvilad
Senaxuli aRmoCnda uSgulis sazogadoebaSi. ferxulSi imRerian amas da
iseTi axlarTul CaxlarTuli, rTuli fexis xmareba unda, rom marto
uSgulelebma ician es ferxuli. maxlobeli soflebi kalas da ifaris
sazogadoebisa cdilan eswavlaT uSgulelebisagan, magram cdas amaod
Cauvlia, Tumca gadauRiaT, magram daumaxinjebiaT, zogi ram CaumatebiaT
da zogi gamoukliaT~407.
kompoziciuri wyobis msgavsebis sanimuSod moviyvanT ori ansamblis,
ansambl `Zirianis~ mier Sesrulebul ferxuls `raeo~ da svanuri
406
saxelobis saxelmwifo konservatoria, Tb., 2014, 111.
407
eTnografiuli werilebi svanebze, `sabWoTa saqarTvelo,~ Tb., 1973, gv. 89.
179
ansamblis `Sgarida~ mier Sesrulebul ferxuls `rostom Wabigv~. Zalze
saintereso kompoziciuri wyoba aqvs dmanisis ansamblis, `Sgarida~ mier
Sesrulebul ferxuls, `rostom Wabigv~, romelic iwyeba Sekruli wriT,
grZeldeba zigzagiseburad moZravi ferxisiT, erTxans, wrisken
zurgSeqceuli meferxuleTa jaWvi isev brundeba da sabolood rkalad
ganlagebulebi, ceruliT asruleben ferxuls. FferxulisTvis
damaxasiatebelia: mklavebis qvemklavCabmuli pozicia, nabijiT svla,
fexis midgma, fexis gaqneva, msubuqi Sextoma cal fexze. ansamblis
`Ziriani~, mier Sesrulebuli ferxuli, `raeo~, msgavsebas amJRavnebs
zemoTaRwerilTan, zigzagiseburi kompoziciuri suraTis TvalsazrisiT,
Tumca mklavebis idayvSi moxrili da TeZos simaRleze mklavCaWidebuli
xelbmi (e. w. mRliamxruli-xelkavi) da saferxulo svla gansxvavebulia
svanuri nimuSisgan408.
Tu mTlianobaSi ganvixilavT, raWul da svanur saferxulo
Semoqmedebas, maTi sacekvao leqsika, ZiriTadad, erTgvarovania. garda
nabijTa, midgmaTa, erTi fexis ukan Wdomilad an meore fexis win
Cadgmisa, am ori dialeqtisTvis simptomaturia cal fexze msubuqi
Sextoma meore fexis win, 45 gradus simaRleze gaqneviT. aseve, axasiaTebT
mklavebis msgavsi mdgomareoba _ qveviT mklavCabmuli, mxrebze
gadawyobili, zeaRmarTuli, koSkura, xelmklavi da a. S.
zemoT aRvniSneT, rom raWuli sacekvao dialeqtis meore Sto
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos daukavSirda. erTi SexedviT, Zneli SesamCnevia
ra urTierTmimarTeba unda arsebobdes raWul da aRmosavleT
saqarTvelos mTis sacekvao folklors Soris, radgan dResdReobiT am
ori regionis sacekvao kulturaSi sxvaoba ufro TvalSisacemia.
gansxvaveba mdgomareobs rogorc Tematur-Sinaarsobriv, aseve
saSemsruleblo-stilur nawilSi. aRmosavleTis mTianeTisTvis
damaxasiaTebeli simkveTre ucxoa dasavleTis mTisTvis, raWul
408
`Ziriani,~ ferxuli `raeo~,
https://www.facebook.com/Dziriani/videos/2057235181166673/UzpfSTEwMDAwMDgwMTY3MjYzOToxNzA0
NjA4MDA5NTc1OTA1/?hc_ref=ART0y7njjvq7quJGcansambli `Sgarida~, ferxuli `rostom
Wabigv~,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MDBsA5iQXWU. ukanasknelad gadamowmebulia 22. 06.
2018
180
qoreografiaSi ki arc aRmosavleTis mTianeTisTvis damaxasiaTebeli
cerileTTa da texilTa arseboba SeiniSneba. aqedan gamomdinare,
SesaZloa, sruliad warmoudgenlad mogveCvenos raWuli da aRmosavleT
saqarTvelos qoreografiul dialeqtTa urTierTmimarTeba. Tumca, am ori
gansxvavebuli geografiuli nawilis sacekvao leqsikis Sedarebam, maT
Soris msgavsebac gamoavlina.
daviwyoT imiT, rom termini `ferxisa~, romelsac n. mindelis
aRwerilobaSi vxvdebiT409 da dasavleT saqarTveloSi mxolod raWaSia
SemorCenili,aRmosavleT saqarTveloSimiRebuli terminia.aRmosavleTis
mTaSi is zogan `ferxisas~ zogan `ferxisulis,~ saxiT aris
SemorCenili.svaneTsa da dasavleTis barSi termini `ferxuli~
fiqsirdeba,samxreT-dasavleT nawilSi is sruliad gamqralia da
`xoronis~ saxiT figurirebs,
arasaferxulo, sacekvao leqsikis nawilSi raWuli dialeqti
aRmosavleTTan met msgavsebas amJRavnebs, vidre svaneTTan, romelTanac
saferxulo sacekvao leqsikis msgavseba SeiniSneba.TvalSisacemi msgavseba
ara ferxulTa, aramed calad da wyvilad Sesasrulebelma, wminda
sacekvao leqsikam gamoavlina. am TvalsazrisiT, dasayrden regionad
aRmosavleTis mTis sacekvao leqsika _gasmebis, gadaWrebis, Cakvrebis
mravalsaxeobiT,cekva `qarTuli~ da garekaxuri `cangala da gogona~
miviCnieT (radgan qarTl-kaxuri cekvebi faqtobrivad daikarga da saxeze
mxolod es nimuSebi mogvepoveba). raWaSi cekva `qarTulis~ dialeqturi
saxeobaa cekva òRro-CoRro.~ amitomac aris sacekvao leqsikaSi esodeni
msgavseba. cekvis,òRro-CoRro~, moZraobebis mniSvnelovan nawils
kuTxuri, dialeqturi xasiaTis gaTvaliswinebiTa da niSandebiT imeorebs
rogorc aRmosavleTis mTa, aseve dasavleTis, raWis saxiT. dialeqturi
urTierTmimarTebis gamosavlenad aucilebeli ar aris moZraoba
absoluturad identuri iyos. Mmiuxedavad imisa, rom gansxvavebulia
Sesrulebis manera, stili da xasiaTi, saerTo safuZvlis Zebnisas,
mniSvneloba moZraobis, ileTis zogad konfiguracias eniWeba da ara
absolutur identurobas.
raWuli sacekvao dialeqtis moZraobebis terminologia mocemuli
aqvT avtorebs, uCa dvaliSvilsa da rezo WaniSvils, naSromSi `qarTuli
409
Миндели Н.,Картвелския песни, СМОМПК XIX,отд. II. Тифлис, 1894 г., стр.124.
181
xalxuri cekva~410. aRniSnuli naSromis gaTvaliswinebiT Camoyalibda
raWuli da aRmosavleT saqarTvelos sacekvao dialeqtebTan
urTierTmimarTebiTi kavSirurTierToba Semdegi moZraobebis safuZvelze:
rTula svla;
ileTi, satkepnao, Seicavs gasmas. Ddabal cerze mokle gasma sam Tvlaze,
meoTxe Tvla SeiZleba iyos fexis amotareba sayrdeni fexis win, ukan
sarecxuli gasmis msgavsad da, aseve, meoTxe Tvlaze quslis msubuqi
dakvriT. gasmebs sxvadasxva variaciuli SesrulebiT vxvdebiT mTiulur
da, zogadad, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos sacekvao dialeqtebSi.
ileTi qastamani, romelic sruldeba mamakacis mier qalis
gamopatiJebisas, Sedgeba gasmisa da brunisgan. Qqastamanis sasceno saxes
vxvdebiT kinofilmSi, `qeTo da kote~, cekva `qarTulSi~, rodesac
mocekvave (iliko suxiSvili) gasmebis Semdgom asrulebs bruns. aqedan
gamomdinare, qasTamani orkomponentiani moZraobaa.
ileTi gaWra, Wdomilad marcxena fexis win Cadgmuli marjvena fexi
iwyebs moZraobas marcxniv, sawinaaRmdego mxares marcxena fexi iWers
pozicias marjvena fexis win da moZraoba grZeldeba marjvniv. am ileTis
dialeqtur nairsaxeobas vxvdebiT mTiulur cekvebSi.
ileTi, qusldakvriT ukusvla, sruldeba rogorc aRmosavleTis mTis
sacekvao dialeqtebSi, aseve erT-erTi ZiriTadi moZraobaa garekaxuri
cekvis `cangala da gogonas~ sacekvao leqsikaSi.
ileTi, zigzagiseburi svla SextomiT, warmoadgens dialeqtur
saxesxvaobas muxlmokecili waxtomisas, romelsac win uZRvis sami nabiji.
sruldeba zigzagiseburad, waxriT, raWuli sacekvao dialeqtisTvis
damaxasiaTebeli xasiaTiT. es moZraoba gvxvdeba mTiulur cekvebSi
muxluras saxelwodebiT.
raWul sacekvao dialeqtSi vxvdebiT dialeqturi elferiT
aRbeWdil Wdomil gasmas.
Wdomili gverdze svla `plie~ mdgomareobaSi, rogorc marjvniv,
aseve marcxniv.
rWul cekvebSi gvxvdeba CakvraTa nairsaxeobebi, rac mTis regionebis
sacekvao leqsikis upirobo kuTvnilebaa. mklavebis poziciebi imeoreben
410
dvaliSvili u. WaniSvili r., qarTuli xalxuri cekva, meToduri saxelmZRvanelo,
`kentavri,~ ^Tb., 2017, gv. 70-71.
182
zogadqarTul sacekvao stilistikas. ufro xSirad gvxvdeba
mkerddaxuruli mdgomareoba. mamakacis mklavis mdgomareoba axlosaa
mTiuluri cekvis mamakacis cekvis mklavis mdgomareobasTan.
raWasa da aRmosavleT mTas Soris TvalSisacemi analogiebi
tanCacmulobamac gamoavlina. rogorc cnobilia, avTenturi masalidan
gamomdinare, saqarTvelos mxolod or regionSi, aRmosavleTis mTasa da
raWaSi, qalis kaba SedarebiT moklea, vidre sxva regionebSi, maT Soris
svaneTSic. es detali yuradsaRebia da mniSvnelovani, radgan mTis
reliefidan gamomdinare grZeli kaba metad mouxerxebeli iyo
moZraobisTvis. moZraobaSi ara mxolod siaruli, sxva saxis moqmedeba,
maT Soris cekvac igulisxmeba. moZraobam gansazRvra tanTCacmuloba da
Sesabamisad kostiumis Taviseburebebma, romlebic adgilobrivi
geografiuli da klimaturi pirobebidan gamomdinare Camoyalibda,
gavlena moaxdina moZraobis da, Sesabamisad, cekvis specifikaze. am
faqtoridan gamomdinare, qalis moZraoba am or regionSi ufro
Tavisufali, laRi da SeuboWavia. raWuli da mTieli qalis sacekvao
leqsika metad gaxsnili da dinamiuria, rac sxvadasxva saxis swraf
svlebSi, sirbilSi, Cakvrebsa da brunebSi aisaxeba. mamakacTa sacekvao
leqsikis stilistika ase TvalSisacemi gansxvavebiT ar xasiaTdeba
saqarTvelos sxva regionebis sacekvao leqsikasTan mimarTebiT, Tumca
konkretul moZraobaTa msgavseba mTiulur cekvebTan mimarTebiT aqac
saxeze gvaqvs.
amgvarad, daskvnis saxiT SegviZlia vTqvaT: raWuli sacekvao
dialeqtis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxi, formisa da sacekvao leqsikis
mixedviT, ramdenime mimarTulebiT gaiSala, ramac CrdiloeTiT _
svaneTTan, aRmosavleTiT _ mTiuleTsa da qarTl-kaxeTTan da samxreTiT
_ imereTTan xelSesaxebi paralelebi gamosaxa. ferxulebis Sesrulebis
formis TvalsazrisiT raWa-svaneTi-aRmosavleTis mTianeTis sameuli
sagmiro epikurma eposma da `Sairma~ gaaerTiana. aRmosavleTis mTaSi
dakarguli saferxulo leqsikis mizeziT ki mxolod svanuri da raWuli
dialeqturi urTierTmimarTeba gamovlinda. arasaferxulo, sacekvao
leqsikis nawilSi urTierTmimarTebam raWuli da qarl-kaxur-mTiuluri
qoreoenis naTesaobas gausva xazi, ramac mxolod Sesrulebis xasiaTiT
gansxvavebuli moZraobaTa kompleqsi gaaerTiana.
183
daskvna
qoreografia, rogorc xalxuri sanaxaobis sinkretizmis organuli
elementi, Tavis TavSic polielementuria da ori an sami komponentis _
leqsis, musikisa da cekvis (zogjer mxolod musikisa da cekvis)
daunawevrebel erTobliobas gulisxmobs. ase rom, saxeze gvaqvs
sinTezuri, polielementuri sistema, romlis naTel gamovlinebas
folkloruli sacekvao Semoqmedeba warmoadgens. qoreografiuli
folklori ar miekuTvneba martivad sakvlev sferos misi efemeruli,
aramaterialuri bunebis, aseve fiqsaciis ararsebobis
gaTvaliswinebiT.ASesabamisad, sacekvao folkloris kvlevis procesSi,
mivmarTavT iseTsferoebs, romelTac mopovebuli (arsebuli) informaciis
fiqsirebisa da aRnusxvis meti saSualebebi gaaCniaT: istoria,
arqeologia, literatura, eTnografia-eTnologia, mxatvroba,
arqiteqtura, musika da sxv. _ momijnave disciplinaTa CamonaTvalia,
romelic qoreografiuli xelovnebis kvlevisas uSret wyaros
warmoadgenen. zemoTCamoTvlili sferoebi akumulirdeba da
qoreografiis Semswavlelsam ZiriTad sferod gamoisaxeba: arqeologiuri
masala _ materialur Zeglebze gamosaxuli nimuSebi; literaturuli
masala, romelSic samecniero da mxatvruli literatura erTiandeba.
samecniero, aseve moicavs sxvadasxva profesiuli sferos kvleviT
masalas: istoriul, eTnografiul, musikalur, saxviT, Teatralur,
qoreologiur dokumentalistikas da audio-vizualuri masala411.
pirveli ar viqnebi, Tu vityvi, rom saqarTvelo mravalsaxovani
folkloruli palitriT yovelTvis imsaxurebda da imsaxurebs rogorc
qarTvel, ise ucxoel mkvlevarTa yuradRebas. uZvelesi droidan
moyolebuli dRemde qarTuli materialuri Tu sulieri Semoqmedebis
nimuSebi xvdeboda ucxotomeli mogzaurebis aRwerilobebSi. Mmatianes
SemorCenili, maT mier dafiqsirebuli masala, uZvirfasesi da
umniSvnelovanesia Cveni warsulis Sesacnobad. sayovelTaod cnobilia,
rom Savi zRvidan kaspis zRvamde ganfenili, dedamiwis arc Tu ise didi
teritoria, eTnosTa da, Sesabamisad, dialeqtTa mravalferovnebiT
gamoirCeva.
411
samsonaZe a., qoreografiuli folkloris Seswavlis wyaroebi, saxelovnebo
mecnierebaTa Ziebani, #4 (61), `kentavri~, Tb., 2014, gv. 77.
184
saqarTvelos teritoriaze dialeqturi mravalferovneba sxvadasxva
regionTa SemoqmedebiTi sivrcis calkeuli arealuri rkaluri
garemocviT Semoifargleba. saxeze gvaqvs enobrivi da musikaluri
dialeqtebi. termini, `dialeqti~ sacekvao xelovnebaSi, gansxvavebiT
lingvistikisa da musikisagan, mxolod axla iwyebs integrirebas.
terminis qarTul xalxur qoreografiul sivrceSi dafuZnebis idea
ekuTvnis qoreografsa da qoreolog rezo WaniSvils. zepirsityvierebasa
da musikalur xelovnebaSi miRebuli termini `dialeqti~, xalxuri
Semoqmedebis sinkretizmidan gamomdinare, sacekvao xelovnebaSi am
terminis upirobo damkvidrebis winapirobas gansazRvravs. aqedan
gamomdinare, sruliad safuZvlianad mimaCnia, xalxur sacekvao
xelovnebasTan mimarTebiTac, termin `sacekvao dialeqtis~ damkvidreba.
qarTul eTnomusikologiaSi termin `dialeqtis~ sinonimebad `Sto~
da `ganStoebac~ ixmareboda. amgvarad, leqsikuri formebi _ `kilo~,
Sto~, `ganStoeba,~ `dialeqti~ _ identuri Sinaarsis matarebeli
terminebia.
qoreologiaSi terminis, `sacekvao dialeqti~, Sinaarsobriv
ganmartebas amgvarad vayalibebT: gansazRvrul teritoriul lokaciaSi
moqceuli eTnikuri jgufis, erTiani fuZe-enidan gamoyofili,
individualuri mxatvruli maxasiaTeblebiT aRWurvili xalxuri
Semoqmedeba, romelic inarCunebs kavSirs erovnul fesvebTan.
ram ganapiroba dialeqtebis warmoqmna? Eenobrivi dialeqtis
warmoqmnas safuZvlad daedo 1. enobrivi, 2. eTnikuri, 3. saxelmwifoebriv-
politikuri faqtorebi; romlebmac eTnomusikologiaSi aseTi saxe miiRo:
1. musikaluri faqtori; 2. eTnikuri faqtori; 3. istoriul-geografiuli;
eTnoqoreologiaSi ki amgvarad Camoyalibda: 1. sakuTriv qoreografiuli
faqtori (sacekvao leqsikis saxeobriobis Semcvelobis gansazRvriT); 2.
eTnikuri faqtori, 3. istoriuli-geografiuli faqtori. aqedan ZiriTadi,
pirveli _ sakuTriv enobrivi (qoreografiuli) faqtoris saxis
Camoyalibeba, swored eTnikurma da istoriul-geografiulma parametrebma
gansazRvres. sacekvao dialeqtis Camoyalibeba sxva mravali gverdiTi
faqtorebis arsebobamac ganapiroba (mag., klimetur-geografiulma,
romelic tanTCacmulobasTan, Sesabamisad, moZraobis nairgvarobasTan
pirdapir kavSirSia).
185
iseve, rogorc eTnomusikologiaSi, eTnoqoreologiaSic avTenturi
masalis, artefaqtebis gaTvaliswinebiT, saxezea ori didi naxevarsfero,
aRmosavleT saqarTvelosa da dasavleT saqarTvelos saxiT, romlebic
mWidro urTierTkavSirs inarCuneben erTmaneTTan. aRmosavlur da
dasavlur dialeqtur dajgufebebSi gansxvaveba da msgavsebac isaxeba
tradiciaSi, sametyvelo enaSi, plastikasa da Sesrulebis xasiaTSi.
qarTul qoreografiul xelovnebaSi SeiZleba gamoiyos: xevsuruli,
fSavuri, moxeuri, mTiuluri, TuSuri, qarTluri, kaxuri, mesxuri,
raWuli, svanuri, afxazuri,guruli, aWaruli, megruli, lazur-SavSuri
dialeqtebi. აseve, ganisazRvreba mTisa da baris dialeqtTa
Taviseburebebi.
dasavleT saqarTvelos geografiulad mcire teritoriaze sacekvao
dialeqtTa mravalferovneba SeiniSneba. miuxedavad imisa, rom dialeqtTa
garkveuli raodenoba sacekvao leqsikis TvalsazრisiT waSlilia
(imeruli, leCxumuri), dasavleT saqarTvelos dialeqtur wres qmnis
svanuri, raWuli, afxazuri, megruli, guruli, aWaruli, lazur-SavSuri
xalxuri qoreografia.
rodesac erTi enis dialeqtebi damoukidebel monaTesave enebad
Camoyalibda, Seiqmna monaTesave enaTa ojaxi. ojaxi msxvili dajgufebaa.
ojaxSi gamoiyofa SedarebiT mcire dajgufeba, romelic SesaZlebelia
TavisTavad kidev daiSalos Stoebad, Stoebic iSlebian enebad, romlebic
erTmaTTan met siaxloves gamoxataven.dialeqtTa erTmaneTisgan gamijvnis
sakiTxs dialeqtologia swavlobs. arsebobs kerZo dialeqtologia
(qarTuli, ukrainuli da a.S) da zogadi dialeqtologia, romelic
dialeqtTa Seswavlis zogad Teoriul sakiTxebs Seiswavlis.
sacekvao dialeqtebis Seswavlam gamoisaxa ori didi dialeqturi
ojaxi _ aRmosavleT saqarTvelosa da dasavleT saqarTvelos saxiT.
dialeqturma urTierTmimarTebam ki maTi mWidro urTierTkavSiri
daadgina. aqve unda aRiniSnos erTi mniSvnelovani faqtori _ kavkasiis
samxreT kalTas Sefenili dialeqtebi: afxazuri, raWuli, svanuri da
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTa, (baric nawilobriv), sacekvao leqsikis
TvalsazrisiT, TvalsaCino urTierTkavSirSia. swored am
regionebisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli mamakacis sacekvao moZraobaTa
simkacre, texilTa nairgvaroba, cerileTebi, Cakvrebis mravalferovneba
186
da a.S. am regionebidan svaneTi mxolod cerileTebiT, xolo raWa,
CakvrebiTa da gaWrebis kombinaciuri ileTebiT amJRavneben
Crdilokavkasiur mxatvrul sacekvao esTetikasTan kavSirs. svanuri da
raWuli sacekvao dialeqtisTvis ucxoa is simkveTre ileTTa
gamomsaxvelobaSi, rac danarCeni dialeqtebisTvis damaxasiaTebelia.
CrdilokavkasiasTan dialeqturi urTierTmimarTebis qoreografiuli
kvleva samomavlo saqmea, rac Tavdapirvelad am regionis TiToeuli
dialeqtis Seswavlis safuZvelze unda ganxorcieldes.
garkveul sazogadoebriv-istoriul pirobebSi, SesaZlebelia,
dialeqtSi gamoiyos kilokavebi, mag.:zemoraWuli, qvemoraWuli,
mTaraWuli da a.S. did teritoriaze gavrcelebulidialeqtebi
gansxvavdebian fuZe-enisagan da erTmaneTisagan. magram Tu èrTi
dialeqtis teritoria uSualod emijneba meorisas, Cndeba gardamavali
zoli meryevi TaviseburebiT412.kilokavad qoreografiaSi dialeqtis
SigniT, erTi romelime nawarmoebis, sxvadasxva arealur nawilebSi
Seqmnili variantebi SeiZleba miviCnioT, romelTac Sesrulebis mcire
sxvaobiT xasiaTdebian; Sesrulebis mcire sxvaoba SesaZloa
gamoisaxebodes, rogorc teqstSi, musikalur nawilSi, aseve Sesrulebis
kompoziciasa da moZraobis Sesrulebis maneraSi. erTi da igive moZraoba,
Sesrulebis xasiaTidan gamomdinare, sxvadasxva sacekvao dialeqtSi,
SesaZloa, gansxvavebulad warmogvidges, magram dialeqturi
kavSirurTierToba saxeze gvqondes. mag; samdakvriTi svla, romelic
saqarTvelos TiTqmis yvela dialeqtisTvis niSandoblivia, svaneTsa da
raWaSic ki gansxvavebul elfers atarebs, aseve sxvadasxvagvari
vizualuri gamomsaxveloba axasiaTebT mTis regionebisaTvis
damaxasiaTebel Cakvrebs, muxlura svlebs da a.S.
dasavleT saqarTvelos qoreografiul dialeqtTa CamonaTvali
safuZvels gvaZlevs amgvari daskvna gamovitanoT: dialeqtTa gadakveTisa
da dajgufebis principi, mis qoreoenaSi dafiqsirebul identur
nawarmoebze dayrdnobiT,kveTs Semdeg qoreoeTnikur dialeqtur jgufebs:
1. aWara _ lazeT-SavSeTis dialeqturi jgufi;
412
yovelive amis Sesaxeb ixileT: Ciqobava a. enaTmecnierebis Sesavali, stalinis
saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetisGgam-ba, 1952.
187
2. kolxeTis dablobze ganfenil _ afxazeT-samegrelo-guria-lazeTis
dialeqturi jgufi;
3. raWa-svaneTis dialeqturi jgufi, romelic daukavSirda
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos rogorc mTas, aseve bars.
eTnoqoreologiaSi dialeqtebi ZiriTadad geografiul faqtoridan
gamomdinare saxeldeba. mag: raWuli sacekvao dialeqti, svanuri sacekvao
dialeqti da sxv. qoreografiuli dialeqtis arsebiTi mxare
stilisturi Taviseburebebis kompleqsiT ganisazRvreba da sam
komponents aerTianebs: Sinaarsobriv-funqciurs, formasa da sacekvao
leqsikas.
dialeqtis SigniT mkafiod SemosazRvruli intonaciuri are xSirad
isev arealuri faqtoridan gamomdinare irRveva, farTovdeba da momijnave
terotoriasac moicavs. Tu qoreografiaSi dialeqtis mTavar
msazRvrelad zemoT aRniSnul ZiriTad elementebs (Sinaarsi, forma da
sacekvao leqsika) miviCnevT, sadac warmmarTveli roli sacekvao leqsikas
ganekuTvneba, svanuri da zemorWuli saferxulo qoreografia erT
dialeqtad unda Camoyalibdes. magram, imdenad ramdenadac, raWuli
sacekvao dialeqti urTierTmimarTebiT kavSirSi ar aris mxolod
svaneTTan da misi urTierTmimarTebiT ganfenilobaSi ara mxolod
geografiuli, aramed eTnikuri faqtoric monawileobs, aRmosavleT
saqarTvelosTan Tavisi mkafiod gamoxatuli sacekvao leqsikis
TvalsazrisiT, am SemTxvevaSi raWuli sacekvao dialeqti, rogorc
damoukidebeli dialeqturi erTeuli, Sualeduri dialeqtis statusis
qveS eqceva.
qarTuli sacekvao dialeqtebi erTiani fuZeenis daSlis Sedegad
warmoqmnili erTeulebia. fuZeenis mTlianobidan gamomdinere, maTi
mxatvruli esTetika analogiebis reJimSi miedineba. amitomac, saxeze
gvaqvs ritualur saweso CveulebaTa variantuloba dialeqtebis
gaTvaliswinebiT. erTiani fuZeenis dasturad dialeqtebis gansazRvrisa
da nimuSebis CamoTvla-Sedarebisas gamoisaxa, rom uZvelesi miTo-
religiuri kosmogonia reliqtis saxiT SemorCa sakulto-sanaxaobrivi
kulturis iseT Zeglebs, rogorebicaa sxvadasxva dialeqtisTvis
damaxasiaTebeli `lazaroba~ da `gonjaoba~, `Zivau~ da `ZiZava~,
àtlarCoba~ da àtleCoba~,`cxenkacoba~ da àqlemkacoba~, `barbaloba~,
188
`daTvobia~ da daTo-berikuli sanaxaobebi, `fadiko~ da `berobana~,
`melia-telefia~, ò, hoi, nano~, `batonebis nana~,ìavnana~, `mze Sina~,
`yurSa~, ìa mTazeda,~ àvTandil gadinadira~, Tamarisadmi miZRvnili
folkloruli nimuSebi, sarTulebiani ferxulebi, cekva `qarTulis~
variantebi da sxva folkloruli tiloebi. erTian sinkretul
safuZvelze aRmocenebuli, saqarTvelos yvela kuTxis eTnografiul
ritualSi dResac cocxali sanaxaobebi, mxolod mcireodeni mxatvruli
esTetikiT gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan. gansxvaveba Sesrulebis wesebSi
dialeqturi maxasiaTeblebis dominirebiT vlindeba, Ziri da safuZveli
yoveli maTganisTvis erTgvarovania. Aase magaliTad: aRmosavluri
`lazaroba~ da dasavluri `gonjaoba~, afxazuri `Zivau~ da megruli
`ZiZava,~ faqtobrivad identuria Tavisi SinaarsiT, struqturiT da
gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebiTac.
dialeqtTa arealur farglebSi calkeuli dialeqtebis
ganviTarebis done sxvadasxva niSnuliT ganisazRvreba.
eTnomusikologiaSi baris dialeqtebis meti ganviTareba mTis
dialeqtebTan SedarebiT, eTnoqoreologiaSi sapirispiro mimarTulebas
mkveTrad gamosaxavs, radgan sacekvao nimuSebi swored mTam, misTvis
damaxasiaTebeli karCaketilobisa da kulturis konservaciis mizeziT,
Semoinaxa, xolo baris mimarTulebiT ganleva da zog SemTxvevaSi,
gaqroba SeiniSneba.
ganviTarebis sawyisi da aRmavali xazis fiqsireba, dialeqtebis
ganviTarebaSi xalxuri qoreografiis magaliTze, Zalian rTulia
dakarguli sacekvao nimuSebis gamo. avTenturi sacekvao leqsikis
Semcveli filkloruli nimuSis ararsebobis, zogjer ki, saerTod
dialeqtis amovardnis SemTxvevaSi, ganviTarebis veqtoris gansazRvra,
faqtobrivad SeuZlbelia. ase, magaliTad: leCxumuri da imeruli
sacekvao leqsika sruliad gamqralia. kaxuri da qarTluri
qoreografiuli nimuSebi ki,ZiriTadad, kaxuri `cangala da gogonaTi~ da
qarTluri cekva `qarTuliT~, Semoifargleba.
rogorc ukve iTqva, dialeqturi urTierTmimarTebis kvlevisas
isaxeba ori dialeqturi erToba aRmosavleT saqarTvelisa da dasavleT
saqarTvelos saxiT. dasavleTi saqarTvelo dialeqtTa mravalferovnebiT
gamoirCeva.iseve, rogorc eTnomusikologiaSi, eTnoqoreologiaSic
189
enobrivi, eTnikuri da geografiuli parametrebi mniSvnelovan rols
TamaSoben, magram qoreografiaSi, rogorc kvlevam gamoavlina,
urTierTzegavlenisa da zemoqmedebis procesSi, dialeqturi qoreoenis
Camoyalibebisa da gansazRvrisas umniSvnelovanesi aRmoCnda
geografiuli faqtori.
sacekvao dialeqtTa Soris urTierTmimarTeba gamoisaxeba SinaarsiT:
svaneTsa da raWaSi gvxvdeba ferxulTa erTi da igive dasaxeleba
variantuli gansxvavebiT -L`qalsa visme~, àmiranis ferxuli~, `Tamar
qali~. raWaSi dafiqsirebuli ferxulebi teqstur doneze gvxvdeba
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos barSic, radgan qarTl-kaxeTSi imave
saxelwodebis ferxulebis sacekvao leqsika dakargulia _,,amirani~,
,,avTandil gadinadira~, ,,Cemo yurSao~, ,,qalsa visme~, ,,ia mTazeda~,
Savlego~.
sacekvao dialeqtTa urTierTmimarTebaSi mniSvnelovani faqtoria
forma: saferxulo da saferxiso nawarmoebTa dialeqturi nimuSebi
simptomaturia TiTqmis yvela dialeqtisTvis, sacekvaoleqsikadakarguli
dialeqtebis garda. mag.: orsarTuliani ferxulebi raWaSi, svaneTSi,
lazeTsa da aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi, antifonuri ferxulebi
samegrelos, raWasa da aRmosavleTis sacekvao dialeqtebSi da a.S. qal-
vaJis dueturi cekva samegrelo, afxazeTSi, raWasa da qarTl-kaxeTSi.
qarTul qoreografiaSi dialeqturi urTierTmimarTeba saintereso
saxes iRebs SemsrulebelTa Semadgenlobis TvalsazrisiTac.
SemsrulebelTa mxriv qalTa da mamakacTa repertuari gansxvavdeba
erTmaneTisgan, Tumca arc imgvarad, rogorc folklorul musikaSi,
radgan saferxuloTa did nawilSi monawileoben rogorc qalebi ise,
mamakacebi. im dros, rodesac aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTSi,
uZvelesi wes-Cveulebisa da tradiciis gaTvaliswinebiT, dauSvebeli iyo
qalisa da mamakacis araTu cekva, aramed sajarod erTad gamoCenac ki,
dasavleTis mTianeTSi _ raWasa da svaneTSi, uamravi cekva SemogvrCa qal-
vaJTa erToblivi SesrulebiT.
konkretuli sacekvao dialeqtis gansazRvris procesi, aucilebeli
wesiT, pirvel etapze iTvaliswinebs arsebuli istoriografiuli
wyaroebis Seswavlas.Aamis ilustrireba movaxdineT dasavleT
saqarTvelos ramdenime sacekvao dialeqtis magaliTze.
190
lazeT-SavSeTi da aWara saqarTvelos samxreT dasavleT nawilSi
mdebare ori eTnografiuli regionia, romelTa geografiulma arealma
mniSvnelovnad gansazRvra maTi kulturul-socialuri niSan-Tvisebebis
TviTmyofadoba. istoriuli peripetiebis Sedegad, isini mZlavr ucxo
gavlenas ganicdidnen, rac gansakuTrebulad qoreografiul xelovnebaSi
gamovlinda.
qveTavSi, `lazuri da SavSuri sacekvao dialeqtebi~, warmodgenilia
lazuri da SavSuri xalxuri qoreografiis, Cvens mier moZiebuli da
dadgenili, sanaxaobebi da sacekvao nimuSebi.vxedavT, rom maT am
teritoriaze didi eTnikuri siWrelis kvali amCneviaT. Turquli,
qurTuli, berZnuli, boSuri, somxuri da qarTuli eklektika gaxda
safuZveli im xelovnebis, romelsac lazur-SavSurs vuwodebT. am
faqtoris miuxedavad, qarTulma sacekvao Semoqmedebam mainc SeZlo Tavi
gadaerCina da Semoenaxa rogorc xalxur tradiciul sanaxaobebSi, aseve
sufTa cekvebis saxiT. rogorc naSromidan Cans, sacekvao nimuSTa sakmao
raodenoba dafiqsirda, Tumca yoveli maTganis sacekvao leqsikis sruli
saxiT moZieba am etapze ver moxerxda.
aWaruli sacekvao dialeqti pirvel rigSi asocirdeba or cekvasTan,
es aris `gandagana~ da `xorumi~. maSin, rodesac aWarul folklorSi
mravali sxva avTenturi sacekvao nimuSi mogvepoveba. Tumca, maTi
umravlesoba an dakargulia, an zemoTxsenebul cekveSia gaerTianebuli.
magaliTad, `gandagana~ `yolsama-mxarulis~, `xertlis nadisa~ da
`jaydananas~ safuZvelzea Seqmnili. rac Seexeba `xorums~, igi aWaris
yofaSi arsebuli sxvadasxva `xorumis~ (`gadaxveuli~, `lazxorumi~,
`xixaZiruli,~ `cxmorisuli~ da sxv.) naerTs warmoadgens. aWaruli
xalxuri cekvebis rigs aseve miekuTvneba ò, hoჲnana~ da `fadiko~.
lazur-SavSur da aWarul qoreografiul dialeqtebs Soris
mniSvnelovani paralelebis gavlebaa SesaZlebeli. Aamas safuZvlad
udevs geografiuli mezobloba da arseboba msgavs istoriul viTarebaSi.
swored am mizezTa gamo, am ori regionis Teatralizebul-qoreografiul
sanaxaobaTa garkveuli raodenoba identuria: SuamTobis aRniSvnis
tradicia, rogorc lazeTSi, aseve, aWaraSi (guriasa da mesxeTSic),
`vahahaჲnana~ lazeTSi da ò, hoჲ nano~ aWaraSi, `yolsama-mxaruli~ da
qalTa `mxaruli-xertlis nadi~ orive kuTxeSi, `fadiko~ aWaraSi da
191
`fate~ SavSeTSi, `xoronTa~ mravalferovneba da a.S.. qoreografiaSi
analogiebi dialeqturi TvalsazrisiT isazRvreba ara mxolod nimuSTa
erTnairi saxelwodebebiT, aramed, sacekvao leqsikis, gamomsaxvelobiTi
xerxebis, cekvis struqturuli agebulebisa (naxazis) da misi funqciur-
Sinaarsobrivi datvirTvis erTobliobiT.
Cvenamde moRweul megrul sacekvao dialeqtur nimuSebs: ,,Caguna~,
,,voisa~, ,,arira,~ ,,jansulo~, ,,Zabra~ _ saxumaro, liriuli, msubuqi,
gaSairebis xasiaTi aqvs. ,,Cagunas~, jansulosa~ da ,,Zabras~ wrisSigniTa
moTamaSis arseboba axasiaTebs da erTgvar qoreografiul speqtakls
hgavs. ,,arira~ (sxapva, afxazuri lekuri) ki cekva ,,qarTulis~ megruli
variantia. naSromSi ganxilulia ferxuli òsxapue~ da misi semantika,
aseve, `xujiSi osxapue~, `mxaruli~, megruli `mze Sina~. òsxapue~ aris
megruli ferxulis sawyisi forma, romlis variaciebi `Zabrales~,
òxoxoiasa~ da `mxarulis~ saxiT arsebobda am regionis sacekvao
folklorSi. òsxapues~ saxelwodeba zogadad TavSeyrisa da molxenis
adgils ukavSirdeba. arsebobda `saaRdgomo osxapuec~, sadac mravalgvar
saxilvels Soris burTiT TamaSobebi da sacxenosno Sejibric
tardeboda. `mxaruli~ osxapues Semadgeleli nawilia, romelic
`Zabrales~ Semdeg sruldeba da mas tempsa da dinamiurobas matebs.Aam
cekvaSi mxolod mamakacebi monawileoben mxrebiT erTmaneTs mWidrod
mikrulni. cekvis aRwerilobidan gamomdinare, misi fesvebi Soreul
warsulSi ikargeba da ganayofierebis ritualis danaSrevebis Semcvelia.
ferxulSi, `mze Sina~, gansakuTrebuli eTnikuri maxasiaTeblebi ar
SeiniSneba, radgan ZeobasTan dakavSirebuli, mTel saqarTveloSi
gavrcelebuli, `mze Sinas~ struqtura, TiTqmis yvelgan analogiuria.
amasTan erTad, cnobilia, rom wreze marjvniv moZravi ferxuli ara
megrul, aramed qarTul teqsts warmoTqvamda. megruli sacekvao
folklori dRes mxolod iumoristuli `Zabrales,~ `jansulosa~ da
àriras~ saxiT aris warmodgenili.
A afxazur sacekvao dialeqtSi sami Sida arealuri plasti iniSneba:
Crdilo nawili, romelic Crdilokavkasias esazRvreba, Sua, soxumis
nawili da samxreTi, samurzayano, romelic uSualod samegrelos
momijnavea. geografiuli mdebareobidan gamomdinare, CrdiloeT nawilSi
Crdilokavkasiuri gavlena metad xelSesaxebiad gamovlinda, swored aq
192
aris Cawerili afxazuri lekuri, romelsac qalisa da mamakacis
Tavdauzogavi Sejibri udevs safuZvlad. Sua _ soxumis mxare, metad
iziarebs qarTul esTetikas, xolo samxreT nawilSi, mTlianad megruli
gavlena igrZnoba. afxazuri sacekvao dialeqtis sacekvao nimuSebze
dayrdnobiT, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom qarTul-afxazuri sacekvao dialeqti
erTiani qarTuli sivrcis nawilia. àtlarCoba~ _ sakraluri rituali
`wminda giorgis mona qalisa~ da batonebiT daavadebulTa saameblad
gamarTul qarTul tradiacias enaTesaveba. sabrZolo xasiaTis cekvebi
`bastisa~ da megruli `xinTqirias~ identurobas kveTs, `mwyemsis cekva~,
romelic aRmosavleT saqarTvelos folkloruli sivrcisaTvis
simptomaturia, afxazurdialeqtur variantad SegviZlia miviCnioT.
megrul sacekvao dialeqtur urTierTmimarTebas arasworxazovani
forma aqvs. misi epicentruli poziciidan urTierTmimarTebis veqtorebi
vrceldeba da sxvadasxva dialeqtur saxesxvaobebad Cndeba afxazuri
àtlarCobis,~ megruli àtleCobisa~ da aRmosavleT saqarTvelos
`TeTri giorgis mona qalebis,~ cekva `qarTulis~, megruli àriras~
àfxazuri lekurisa~ da raWuli òRro-CoRros,~ lazuri `vaxaxaiasa~ da
òbirus,~ afxazuri àbastas,~ megruli `xinTqiriasa~da lazur-guruli
`xmlebiT cekvis~ saxiT.
mdidari qoreokulturis matarebeli raWuli sacekvao dialeqti
saistorio da saliteraturo mwerlobaSic sakmaod safuZvlianad
Semoinaxa. dafiqsirebuli informaciis safuZvelze gamoisaxa ferxulis
ZiriTadi saxeebi, `ferxisa~ anu `ferxuli~,`winmoZRola~ da
sworxazovani. yofaSi tradiciad qceuli sanaxaobebis maorganizebel
mZlavr meqanizms qoreografia warmoadgenda. kulturuli sivrceebis
gadakveTis SuagulSi ganfenil raWul eTnokulturaSi istoriuli
kanonzomierebis qronologia aisaxa. miTosuri, sakulto-religiuri,
saistorio mxatvruli fenomeni daileqa mis sinkretul SemoqmedebaSi.
aqedan gamomdinare, ferxulebis moculobiTi raodenobiT cnobili
raWuli sacekvao dialeqti, gamoirCeva Janruli mravalferovnebiT:
samonadiro, istoriuli, sagmiro-patriotuli, religiur-ritualuri,
sayofacxovrebo, satrfialo, klasTa Soris brZolis amsaxveli Tematikis
Semcveli saferxulo nawarmoebebi. garda ferxulebisa, raWuli sacekvao
193
dialeqtis saxasiaTo niSnad Camoyalibda dueturi òRo-CoRro~,
romelic cekva `qarTulis~ dialeqturi saxesxvaobas warmoadgens.
raWuli sacekvao dialeqtis urTierTmimarTeba arasworxazovnad,
varskvlavuri ganfenilobiT gaiSala. dasavleT saqarTvelos mTian
nawilSi ganTavsebuli qvemo, zemo, da mTaraWa dialeqtur
urTierTmimarTebas amJRavnebs rogorc saqarTvelos dasavleT nawilis
regionebTan, aseve aRmosavleT saqarTvelos rogorc mTis, aseve baris
nawilTan.
dasavleT saqarTvelos regionebidan raWuli sacekvao folklori
yvelaze mWidrod svaneTs daukavSirda, gansakuTrebiT saferxulo
nawilSi. svanur sacekvao folklors ukavSirdeba saferxulo-sacekvao
leqsikiT, sadac moZraobebi, svlebi, mklavTa poziciebi, SeiZleba iTqvas,
mxolod ileTTa kombinaciebiT gansxvavdeba. aseve xSiria saferxuloTa
Tematur-Sinaarsobrivi msgavseba. `qalsa visme~, àmiranis ferxuli~,
`Tamar qali~.
aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi sacekvao leqsikadakarguli nimuSebis
simravle igrZnoba. sagulisxmoa, rom am ferxulTa nawili raWam
Semoinaxa da uZveles arqetipebs adgilobrivi lokaciisTvis
damaxasiaTebeli struqtura SesZina: ,,amirani~, ,,avTandil gadinadira~,
,,Cemo yurSao~, ,,qalsa visme~, ,,ia mTazeda~, Savlego~.
dasavleTis regionebidan momijnave imereTTan akavSirebs saaRdgomo
ferxuli `madli maxarobelsa~.
sacekvao nawilSi, rogorc gamoisaxa, yvelaze meti aRmosavleTis
mTasTan akavSirebs, rasac sacekvao moZraobaTa da ileTTa
erTgavarovneba mowmobs. miuxedavad imisa, rom moZraobaTa Sesrulebis
manera da xasiaTi erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdeba, TvalSisacemia `CakvraTa~
da `gaWraTa~ mravalferovneba, rogorc mamakacis, aseve qalis sacekvao
nawilSi.
dueturi cekvebic agebulia qalisa da mamakacis wyvilur cekvaze.
dueturi cekva, romelic standartul saxes atarebsQqalisa da vaJis
SesrulebiT, rWuli òRro-CoRros~, megruli àriras~, kaxuri `cangala
da gogonas~ saxiT, dialeqtur urTierTmimarTebas gamosaxavs.
dialeqturi urTierTmimarTebis kvlevisas, mTavari dasayrdeni
faqtorebia sacekvao leqsika, ritmi, tempi, forma, nimuSis Sinaarsobrivi
194
mxare da sxv. Aam CamonaTvalSi sacekvao leqsikis upiratesi mniSvneloba
udavoa. Tumca, sacekvao folkloris Seswavlis meTodologiuri
safuZvlebis gaTvaliswinebiT, SedarebiTi analizis logikuri
Tanmimdevroba gulisxmobs sacekvao nimuSis jer funqciuri, Semdeg,
Sinaarsobribi datvirTvis da, Semdeg, misi struqturuli agebulebis
gansazRvras. rig SemTxvevaSi, sacekvao leqsikis simwiris an ararsebobis
gamo, SedarebiTi analizis procesSi Sinaarsobriv faqtors, romlis
ZiriTad wyaros istoriogrfiuli masala warmoadgens, gadamwyveti roli
eniWeba.
daskvnis saxiT, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom winamdebare naSromi, romelic
sami azrobrivi rgolisgan Sedgeba, etapobrivad da Tanmimdevrulad
axdens ramdenime mniSvnelovani mignebis demonstrirebas, Sesabamisi
sailustracio masalis warmodgeniT: pirveli, qarTul eTnoqoreologiur
sivrceSi ganisazRvra termin `sacekvao dialeqtis~ Sesabamisi definicia;
meore, moxda dasavleT saqarTvelos ramdenime sacekvao dialeqtis
(aWaruli, lazur-SavSuri, megruli, afxazuri da raWuli)
istoriografiuli wyaroebis warmoCena, rogorc sacekvao dialeqtTa
kvlevis procesis pirveli etapis ilustrireba; mesame, Camoyalibda
garkveuli jgufis sacekvao dialeqtTa urTierTmimarTebis
eTnoqoreologiuri aspeqtebi, raTa gamokveTiliyo ama Tu im sacekvao
dialeqtis zogadi da specifiuri niSan-simboloTa sistemebi.
195
gamoyenebuli literatura
1. abakelia n.,simbolo da rituali qarTul kulturaSi, saq. mecn. akad. istoriisa da
eTnografiis instituti, Tb., 1997.
2. abuTiZe S., aswlovanTa ansambli, `xelovneba,~ Tb., 1977.
3. antikuri kavkasia, enciklopedia, t. I, wyaroebi, ,,logosi,~ 2010.
4. arayiSvili d., raWuli xalxuri simRerebi, `xelovneba,~ Tb., 1950.
5. asaTiani i., lazuri leqsikoni (zmnuri Zir-fuZeebi), àrtanuji,~ Tb., 2012.
6. barnabiSvili d., erTi warmarTuli dResaswauli samegreloSi , ,,droeba,~ #20, 4
maisi, 1870.
7. benaSvili a., qarTuli xmebi, tfilisi, 1885.
8. beraZe T., raWa, `sabW. saqarTvelo,~ Tb., 1983.
9. beriZe v., sityvis kona (imerul da raWul TqmaTa), peterburgi, 1912.
10. berZeniSvili l., xalxuri sityviereba àkakis krebulSi,~ `sabW. saqarTvelo,~ Tb.,
1986.
11. bibileiSvili a., simReris ukvdaveba, àlaSara,~ soxumi, 1982.
12. bibileiSvili a., afxazeTis simRerisa da cekvis ansambli, àlaSara,~ soxumi, 1966.
13. brailaSvili n., aseTi maxsovs saqarTvelo, (eTnografiuli Canaxatebi), `xelovneba,~
Tb., 1990.
14. gagua k., qarTuli poeturi folklori, saqarTvelos ssr maswavlebelTa
daxelovnebis instituti, Tb., 1941.
15. gamba Jak fransua, mogzaureba amierkavkasiaSi, `ganaTleba,~ Tb., 1987.
16. garayaniZe e.,qarTuli musikaluri dialeqtebi da maTi urTierTmimarTeba ,
`saqarTvelos macne,~ Tb., 2011.
17. gaCeCilaZe p, imeruli dialeqtis saleqsikono masala, `mecniereba,~ Tb., 1976.
18. gelenava i., afxazeTis kulturuli cxovrebis istoriidan, Tb., un-tis gam-ba, Tb.,
2003.
19. geliaSvili e., ornamentuli simbolika qarTul xalxur qoreografiaSi (disertacia),
saqarTvelos SoTa rusTavelis Teatrisa da kinos universiteti, Tb., 2014.
20. gvancelaZe T., afxazur-qarTuli leqsikoni, ìnteleqti,~ Tb., 1012.
21. gvaramaZe l., qarTuli xalxuri qoreografia, `xelovneba,~ Tb., 1957.
22. gvaramaZe l., qarTuli sacekvao folklori, saqarTvelos kulturis saministro,
xalxuri Semoqmedebisa da kulturis centri, me-2 gamocema, Tb., 1997.
23. gorgaZe r, qoCaxela, ,,sabWoTa aWara,~ baTumi. 1986.
24. dvaliSvili u. WaniSvili r., qarTuli xalxuri cekva, /meToduri saxelmZRvanelo/,
`kentavri,~ ^Tb., 2017.
25. dvaliSvili u., aRdgomis dResaswaulis qoreografiuli aspeqtebi, `kavkasiis macne,~
#7, Tb., 2003.
26. erisTavi r.,folklorul-eTnografiuli werilebi, `mecniereba,~ Tb., 1986.
27. vaniliSi m., lazeTi, `sabW. saqarTvelo,~ Tb., 1964.
28. vaxuSti, aRwera samefosa saqarTvelosa, Tb., 1941.
29. virsalaZe el., qarTuli samonadiro eposi, `mecniereba,~ Tb., 1964.
30. virsalaZe el., mTisa da zemo raWis sawesCveulebo poeziis zogierTi sakiTxi,
31. zuxba s., afxazuri zepirsityviereba, Tb., uni-tis gam-ba, Tb., 1988.
32. TaTaraZe av.,qarTuli xalxuri cekva, saqarTvelos folkloris saxelmWifo centri,
Tb., 2010.
33. TaTaraZe av., qarTul cekvaTa ganmartebani, ,,ganaTleba,~ Tb., 1986.
34. TaTaraZe a., qarTuli xalxuri cekvebis mokle mimoxilva, saqarTvelos sasoflo-
sameurneo instituti, Tb., 1974.
35. TaTaraZe av., qarTuli eTnosi qarTuli musikaluri eTnologiis Suqze, yovelTa
qarTvelTa msoflio kongresi, samecniero simpoziumi Temaze _ saqarTvelo,
biuleteni #2; Tb., 1994.
196
36. Tandilava z., lazuri xalxuri poezia, `sabW. aWara,~ baT., 1972.
37. Tandilava z, Sromis leqsebi da simRerebi lazur zepirsityvierebaSi , baTumis
samecniero kvleviTi institutis Sromebi, III, Tb., 1964.
38. Tandilava z.,SuamTobis tradiciebi da folklori,,,mecniereba,~ Tb., 1980.
39. inaiSvili al., noRaideli j., CxikvaZe gr., masalebi aWaruli musikaluri
folkloridan, saq. ssr. Mmecn. akad. gamomc., Tb., 1961.
40. kalandaZe g., qarTuli xalxuri balada, `saxelgami,~ Tb., 1957.
41. kalandaze n., kviJinaZe m., tradiciuli musika qarTul-afxazur dialogSi, qarTuli
xalx. musik. Semoqmedebis laboratoria, Tb., 2011.
42. kalandia T.,lazuri teqstebi, ,,artanuji,~ Tb. 2008.
43. kapanaZe o., qarTuli saferxulo simRerebi: musikaluri enis Taviseburebebi,
disertacia, Tbilisis vano sarajiSvilis saxelobis saxelmwifo konservatoria, Tb.,
2014.
44. kraveiSvili g., lazuri xalxuri musikis eTnografiuli da musikalur-Teoriuli
aspeqtebi, sabakalavro naSromi, Tb. 2011.
45. kraveiSvili g., saqarTvelos mowyvetili kuTxeebis da XVII-XIX saukuneebSi
gadasaxlebul qarTvelTa xalxuri musikis Seswavlis problemebi,
disertacia, Tbilisis vano sarajiSvilis saxelobis saxelmwifo konservatoria, Tb.,
2018.
46. kokelaZe, zogi ram qarTul cekvaze, ,,xelovneba,~ Tb., 1977.
47. komaxiZe T., aWaraSi qarTuli sacekvao folkloris ganviTarebis istoria , ,,aWara,~
baTumi, 2001.
48. kotetiSvili v., folkloruli Ziebani, `merani,~ Tb., 2006.
49. koxi k., spenseri o., cnobebi saqarTvelosa da kavkasiis Sesaxeb, mogzauroba redut
kaledan trapezuntamde, Tb.; `mecniereba,~ 1981.
50. lakerbai m., afxazuri Teatris istoriidan, `xelovneba,~ Tb., 1957.
51. lamberti a, samegrelos aRwera, `federacia,~ Tb., 1938.
52. lorTqifaniZe m., afxazeTi da afxazebi, `ganaTleba,~ Tb., 1990.
53. maisuraZe n., qarTuli xalxuri musika da misi istoriul-eTnografiuli aspeqtebi,
54. makalaTia s., samegrelos istoria da eTnografia, saqarTvelos mxareTmcodneobis
ssazogadoeba, Tb., (weli ar aris miTiTebuli, axali gamocema).
55. makalaTia s., jege-misaronis kulti Zvel saqarTveloSi, saq. mxareTmcodneobis saz-
ba, 1938.
56. makalaTia s., axalweliwadi saqarTveloSi, `saxelgami,~ tfilisi, 1927.
57. mari n, SavSeTsa da klarjeTSi mogzaurobis dRiurebi, SoTa rusTavelis
saxelmwifo universitetis gamomcemloba, baTumi, 2012.
58. masalebi guriis eTnografiuli SeswavlisTvis, `mecniereba,~ Tb., 1980.
59. masalebi saqarTvelos da kavkasiis istoriisaTvis , bizantieli mwerlebis cnobebi
saqarTvelos Sesaxeb, t. I, saq. ssr. Mmecn. Aakad. gam., Tb. 1961.
60. maCabeli n., qorwinebis instituti qarTlSi, `mecniereba,~ Tb., 1978.
61. maWavariani k., zogierTi niSaani afxazTa cxovrebidan, gaz. `droeba,~ #12, 1885.
62. megreli d., sacodavni, gaz. ìveria,~ #91, 1888.
63. megreliZe i., lazuri (Wanuri) sasimRero leqsebi, `mecniereba,~ Tb., 1977.
64. megreliZe i., lazuri teqstebi, ,,artanuji,~ Tb., 2008.
65. mibCuani T, afxazeTi, `raeo,~ Tb., 2003.
66. msxalaZe al., aWaris saojaxo-sawesCveulebo poezia, `sabW. aWara,~ baTumi, 1969.
67. nakaSiZe q., qarTuli glovis simRera, mesxeTi (saistorio krebuli), Tbilisis
universitetis. Ggam-ba, Tb., 1999.
197
68. niJaraZe b., (Tavisufali svani) istoriul-eTnografiuli werilebi, t. 2, Tb. un-tis
gam-ba, Tb., 1962, gv. 1964.
69. noRaideli j., narkvevebi da Canawerebi IV, ,,sabW. aWara,~ baTumi, 1981.
70. okujava k., afxazeTi XVII s-Si, àni_XXI,~ Tb., 2002.
71. orbeliani sulxan-saba, Txzulebani, t. IV, `sabWoTa saqarTvelo,~ Tb., 1965.
72. JRentis s, Wanuri teqstebi (arqabuli kilokavi), tfilisi, 1938.
73. afxazuri xalxuri (simRerebi) musikis Sesaxeb, Jurnali `sabW.xelovneba,~ #2-3,1957.
74. rainegsi i., mogzauroba saqarTveloSi, àrtanuji,~ Tb., 2002.
75. rexviaSvili s., saweso leqs-simRerebi mTis raWaSi, `sabWoTa xelovneba,~ #8,
`sabWoTa saqarTvelo, Tb., 1962,
76. ruxaZe T., qarTuli saqorwilo musika _ stilisa da da Janris sakiTxebi, Tbilisis
vano sarajiSvilis saxelobis saxelmwifo konservatoria (xelnaweris uflebiT),
disertaciis avtoreferati, 2013.
77. samsonaZe a., qoreografiuli folkloris Seswavlis wyaroebi, saxelovnebo
mecnierebaTa Ziebani, #4 (61), `kentavri~, Tb., 2014
78. samsonaZe v., guruli sacekvao musika (guruli ferxulis magaliTze), Tbilisis
kulturisa da xelovnebis saxelmwifo universitetis folkloris kompleqsuri
kvlevis samecniero centri, Tb., 2004, (xelnaweris uflebiT).
79. samsonaZe v., guruli sacekvao musika (guruli ferxulis magaliTze), samecniero
Sromebi krebuli III, Tbilisis e. TayaiSvilis saxelobis kulturisa da xelovnebis
saxelmwifo universiteti, Tb., 2005.
80. samsonaZe v., lazuri musikaluri folklori, (naw. I. sof. sarfis saeqpedecio
masalebi, xelnaweris uflebiT), Tb., 2005.
81. samuSia k, `qarTuli zepirsityvierebis megruli nimuSebi,~ `mecniereba,~ Tb., 1990.
82. samuSia k., Zveli kolxuri (megruli) leqs-simRerebi, ègrisis macne,~ Tb., 2001.
83. sanoto krebulebi: CxikvaZis, kokelaZis, CijavaZis. (Tbilisis v. sarajiSvilis
saxelobis saxelmwifo konservatoria)
84. Tbilisis v. sarajiSvilis sax. saxelmwifo konservatoriis xalxuri musikaluri
Semoqmedebis laboratoriis arqivi~. sanoto krebuli (xelnaweris saxiT).
(sainventaro # 1498)
85. samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos zepirsityviereba, IX, ,,mecniereba,~ Tb. 1988.
86. saxokia T., mogzaurobani (guria, aWara, samurzayano, afxazeTi ), Tb., ,,saxelgami,’’ 1950.
87. saxokia T., rogor vizrdebodiT Zvelad, `sablitgami,~ Tb., 1955.
88. saxokia T., eTnografiuli nawerebi, samecniero meTod. kabinetis gamomc., Tb., 1956.
89. surgulaZe i., miTosi, kulti, rituali saqarTveloSi , Tbilisis universitetis
gamomcemloba, Tb., 2003.
90. umikaSvili p., xalxuri sityviereba, t. I; saqarTvelos ssr mecnierebaTa academia, S.
rusTavelis saxelobis qarTuli literaturis instituti, Tb., 1964.
91. futkaraze T., Salikava m., satrfialo cekvebi TurqeTis qarTul mosaxleobaSi, S.
kvleviTi centri, (krebuli VI), baTumi, 2009.
92. qarTuli xalxuri simReris ostatebi, samegrelo, Zuku lolua, `saqarTvelos macne,~
Tb., 2007.
93. qarTuli xalxuri musika, samegrelo, Tbilisis v. sarajiSvilis saxelobis
saxelmwifo konservatoriis tradiciuli mravalxmianobis kvlevis saerTaSoriso
centri, Tb., 2003.
94. quTelia n., lazuri paramifeTe, saq. ssr. Mmecn. akad., Tb., 1982.
95. yazbegi g., sami Tve TurqeTis saqarTveloSi, ,,aWara,~ baTumi, 1995.
96. yifiani e., qarTvelTa cxovreba dasabamidan farnavazamde, `kari,~ Tb., 2004.
97. yifSiZe i., Wanuri teqstebi, ssrk. mecn. akad. saqarTvelos filialis gamomcemloba,
tfilisi, 1939.
198
98. Sardenis mogzauroba sparseTsa da aRmosavleTis sxva qveynebSi , `mecniereba~, Tb.,
1975.
99. Celebi e., mogzaurobis wigni, narkv. I, ,,mecniereba,~ Tb., 1971.
100. CitaZe n., qarTveli mefeebi xalxur musikaSi, Tbilisis vano sarajiSvilis
saxelobis saxelmwifo konservatoria, samagistro naSromi, Tb. 2012.
101. CijavaZe o., qarTuli xalxuri simRerebi, megruli, `xelovneba,~ Tb., 1974
102. CxikvaZe gr., qarTuli xalxuri simRera, t. I.
103. CxikvaZe gr., lazeTi da Tanamedrove lazuri simRera, Tbilisis v. sarajiSvilis
sax. saxelmwifo konservatoriis xalxuri musikaluri Semoqmedebis laboratoriis
arqivi, xelnaweris uflebiT, #3320.
104. canava ap., qarTuli folkloris sakiTxebi , Tbilisis un-is gamomc., Tb., 1990
105. ZnelaZe r., guruli dialeqtis toponimuri sistema, Tb., 2005.
106. wereTeli ak, arc Cvenia, arc Tqveni, maS SuaTanaT iyos _ (qarTuli saqorwilo
Cveulebani),gaz. ,,droeba,” #5, 1868.
107. wulaZe ap., eTnografiuli guria, `sabWoTa saqarTvelo,~ 1971.
108. wereTeli g., pirveli nabiji, `nakaduli,~ Tb., 1988.
109. WaniSvili r., werilebi qoreografiaze (w. I), `Tani,~ Tb., 2002.
110. WaniSvili r. alaviZe o., giorgi saluqvaZe 100, Tb.; 2014.
111. WiTanava q., megruli saweso simRera `mze Sinao,~ istoriul-eTnografiuli Studiebi
II, `mecniereba,~ Tb., 1985.
112. WinWarauli al., berZnuli warmomavlobis erTi sityva (xorumi) da misgan nayari
leqsemebi qarTulSi, samecniero Sromebis krebuli II; Tbilisis eqvTime TayaiSvilis
saxelobis kulturisa da xelovnebis saxelmwifo universiteti; Tb.; 2004.
113. xalvaSi r., imerxeuli folklori (sofeli bazgireTi), S. rusTavelis saxelmwifo
universiteti. samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos samecniero-kvleviTi centri, (krebuli
V) baTumi, 2007.
114. javaxiSvili iv., qarTuli musikis istoriis ZiriTadi sakiTxebi, `xelovneba,~ Tb.,
1990.
115. janeliZe d., qarTuli Teatris istoria (w. I xalxuri sawyisebi), `ganaTleba,~ Tb.,
1983.
116. janeliZe d., saxioba, `xelovneba,~ Tb., 1958.
117. jafariZe a., afxazeTi (qarTvelTa gaafxazeba), `Tobalisi,~ 2007.
118. jijeiSvili al., aWaruli sacekvao folklori da misi mesveurebi, ,,aWara,~ baTumi,
1995.
119. joloxava T., megruli adaT-wesebi, dResaswaulebi, salocavebi, `mecniereba,~ Tb.,
2004.
120. judiCe j., werilebi saqarTveloze XVII saukune, `sabW. saqarTvelo,~ Tb., 1964.
121. Аджинджал И., Из этнографии Абхазии, „Алашара,“ Сухуми, 1969.
122. Акаба. Л.,Исторические корни архаических ритуалов,„Алашара,“ Сухуми, 1984.
123. Акаба. Л., У истоков религии Абхазов, „Алашара,“ Сухуми, 1979.
124. Аншба А., Абхазский фолклор и действительность, `мецниереба,~ Тб.,1982.
125. Аракчиев Д., Народная песня Западной Грузии (Гурийской ветви), Москва, 1908.
126. Аргун А., История абхазского театра, Алашара, Сухуми, 1978.
127. Аргун. А., Неугасающий огонь, „Алашара,“ Сухуми, 1982.
128. Ахобадзе В., Кортуа И., Абхазские песни, ГМИ, Mос.,1957.
129. Вирсаладзе Ел., Весенная хороводная поэзия, Изд. ` Наука,~ Мос., 1964.
130. Дубровин Н, История войны и владычества русских на Кавказе, Т. I, кн. II, СПБ, 1871.
131. Дункел-Веллинг Н., Из записок о Гурии, Кавказ, 1853, #87.
132. Дюбуа де Монпере Фредерик, Путешествие вокруг Кавказа, `Абгиз,~ Сухуми, 1937.
133. Иал-Ипа. Ш., Земледелиеискотово дство у Абхазов, „Мецниереба,“ Тбилиси,1986.
134. Инал-Ипа Ш., Очерки брака и семьи у абхазов, `Абгиза,~ 1954,
199
135. Ковач К.,Песни кодорских абхазцев, Изд. Акад абхазского языка и литературы, Сухуми, 1930.
136. Ковач К, 101 Абхазская народная песня, Изд. Наркомпроса Абхазии и Академии абхазского языка и
литературы, Сухуми,1929.
137. Кортуа И., Абхазская народная песня, `Музыка,~ Москва, 1965.
138. Лансере Е., Дневники. Путешествия Кавказ: будни и праздники, книга вторая , Москва; искусство-
XXI век, 2008.
139. Лисициан С, Старинные пляски и театральные представления Армянского народа, Т. I. Изд. Акад.
Наук Армянской сср. Ереван, 1958.
140. Лучникова.Т.,Путь к зрителю,„Алашара,“ Сухуми, 1989.
141. Марр Н., Изпоездки в Турецкий Лазистан,С-Петербург, ИИАН., 1910.
142. Мачавариани К.,Некаторыя черты изь жизни абхазцев, СМОМПК, IV, тифлис, 1884.
143. Миндели Н., Картвелския песни, СМОМПК XIX, отд. II. Тифлис, 1894 г.
144. Миндели Н., Селение Сори,СМОМПК XIX,отд. I. Тифлис,1894 г.
145. Тепцов. Я., Из быта и веровании Мингрелцев, отдел 2, ст. 1. Сборник материалов местности и племен
Кавказа. Вып. XVIII, Тифлис 1894 г.
146. Цветков В.,Гамис-Тева (Ramis-Teva). _ Сирис-куди (siris-kudi),Кавказ; 1851, №11
147. Чурсин Г., Материалы по этнографии Абхазии, Афхазгосиздат, Сухуми, 1956.
148. ХашбаИ., Абхазские народные инструменты, „ Алашара,“ Сухуми, 1979.
149. ХашбаМ., Трудовые и обрядовые песни, „ Алашара,“ Сухуми, 1977.
150. Хускивадзе О.,Местечко Квирилы, СМОМПК, Вып 19, Тифлис, 1894.
151. Эристави Р., Путевыя записки по Мингрелiи, `Кавказская старина~ №3, Тифлис,
internetresursi _ ukanasknelad iqna gadamowmebuli 28/06/2018
152. gadacema aWaruli sacekvao Semoqmedebis Sesaxeb _ WORLD, PEACE,
DANCEhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cxjnhqLxIjo
153. internetleqsikoni targmne.ge _ http://www.targmne.ge/.
154. satelevizio gadacema, marioba _https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=veTQ77n4kHk
3:50 – 7:40 wT.
155. mogzauroba folklorSi, raWa, mexuTe
nawili,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2E1Oov01cCs
156. akaki wereTlis mogzauroba raWa-leCxumSi
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oMhfsbBpDdM 10:33 -13:52;
157. ferxuli òsie~ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wdp9yvjpzZYansambli `buba~
158. ferxuli òsie~ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MIqO3FqC9uk_1997 wlis
Canaweri
159. ansambli `Ziriani~, `qristes ferxuli~https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=65j09FlYRc8
160. ansambli `Ziriani~ `qristes ferxuli~https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2AJ2fwkDLfs
161. mogzauroba folklorSi, raWa, meoTxe nawili, 12. 04, 2015 ansambli `Ziriani~,
ferxuli `raeo~https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7sozmlPElUw 15:22-18:40
162. ansambli `Ziriani~, ferxuli `qarTlis mindorsa vakesa`
163. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6FC0Fk51ZdI
164. ansambli `raWa~, ferxuli `Sen patara mdade ano~
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3JYGQxKeFm0
165. ansambli`Ziriani,~ ferxuli `raeo~,
https://www.facebook.com/Dziriani/videos/2057235181166673/UzpfSTEwMDAwMDgwMTY3
MjYzOToxNzA0NjA4MDA5NTc1OTA1/?hc_ref=ART0y7njjvq7quJGc 15:51-17:60
166. ansambli `Sgarida~, ferxuli `rostom
Wabigv~,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MDBsA5iQXWU.
167. atlarCoba, audioversia-https://soundcloud.com/universiteti/atlarchoba
200
danarTi
lazuri da SavSuri sacekvao dialeqti
danarTi 1.
koxi k., spenseri cnobebi saqarTvelosa da kavkasiis Sesaxeb,
o.,
mogzauroba redut kaledan trapezuntamde, Tb., `mecniereba,~ 1981 w. gv.
198-199.
,,saRamos sagangebod migviwvies ganTqmuli momRerlisa da Cinebuli
gitaristis mosasmenad. mahmadianebs Tavisi Rirsebis damcirebad miaCndaT
simRera an romelime instrumentze dakvra. maTi azriT es mxolod monis
saqmea. samagierod lazebi Tavisi naTesavi qarTvelebis msgavsad,
mamapapuri Cveulebebis erTgulni darCnen. maT ara marto uyvarT simRera
da dakvra, aramed TviTonac kargi ostatebi arian am saqmisa. odiTgan
qarTul mxareebSi (iqac ki sadac mosaxleobam mahmadianoba miiRo)
SexvdebiT e. w. quCis moxetiale momRerlebs, anu trubadurTa msgavss,
soflidan sofelSi an erTi qalaqidan meoreSi rom gadadian. maT
yvelgan guliTadad xvdebian, siamovnebiT usmenen da SeZlebisdagvarad
saukeTeso kerZiT da sasmeliT umaspinZldebian. mahmadian qarTvelebs,
iseve rogorc lazebs, metad uyvarT Rvino da Tu axlos mola ar
egulebaT, siamovnebiT Seeqcevian sasmels. isini ufro metad arays
etanebian, romelsac alublisgan amzadeben; gansakuTrebiT ki
trapezundis maxloblad, sadac bevri berZeni cxovrobs, aq mas mRvdlis
rZes (palaton papadon-s) uwodeben.
lazistanis da sazogadod pontos mTebis moxetiale momRerlebi
namdvilad Camohgvanan Sua saukuneebis trubadurebs. isini, CveulebRiv,
warCinebuli ojaxidan arian gamosulni da maT mxolod Sinagani swrafva
aiZulebT raRac sakoncerto turnes msgavsi moawyon. koncertSi ojaxis
yvela wevri Rebulobs monawileobas. isini naTesavebs da nacnobebs
epatiJebian musikis da simReris mosasmenad. koncertSi qalebic iReben
monawileobas, gansakuTrebiT simReris damTavrebis Semdeg gamarTul
cekvebSi. marTalia, sinarnariTa da sikoxtaviT es cekvebi Camouvardeba
espanur cekvebs, magram mainc metad metyveli da momxiblavia. qarTveli
momRerali, provansaleli momreraliviT, garda mayurebelTa madlobisa,
araviTar gasamrjelos ar iRebs; samagieros sadilobis Jams maT
saukeTeso kerZiT umaspinZldebian.
201
Tumca maTi citra iseT JReradobas ver gamoscems, rogorsac Cveni
instrumentebi, gansakuTrebiT Cveni gitara, magram maTma dakvram da
simReram mainc gagvaoca. Cven iseTi siamovneba miviReT im saRamos,
rogorsac germanuli musikis koncertebidan vRebulobT xolme.
saintereso iyo jimjimis msgavsi ,,instrumentis” akompanimentic, romelic
SigadaSig gaismoda, xolo koncertis momRerals ori xis kovzi ukavia
marcxena xelis TiTebs Sua da marjvena xeliT sxvadasxvanairad aJRerebs
maT~413.
danarTi 2.
Лансере Е., Дневники. Путешествия Кавказ: будни и праздники, книга вторая, Москва,
искусство-XXI век, 2008, Ст. 67.
,,aRmafrTovana medolem. Llazebis cekva. SeZaxilebi _ xan Wixvini, xan
yefa da kakani. saSinlad sainteresoa. cekva xanjlebiT. xalxuri cekvebi
(muclis). komikosTa cekva _ erTi viTom munji _ fexs udebda,
ifurTxeboda _ didi mxiaruleba. Bbevri stili. Bbolos pantomima
skamiTa da didi joxiT _ TiTqos cecxls aRvivebs, urevs, sinjavs (kerZs-
x.d.), aceminebs saWmelSi. Mmagram yovelive amasTan yoveli Jesti
metismetad ukadrisi, uwesoa. Aase, rom aq, rogorc Cans ormagi azria.
meore nawili ukve joxis gareSe: verafriT SeZlo skams daufleboda,
kotrialobs miwaze, mixoxavs, skamze daemxoba da finali _ sazeimod
xelSi aitacebs skams da cekvavs xelSi maRla atacebul skamTan erTad.
რogorc Cans esec aris miniSneba sasiyvarulo siZneleebSi. Nnadir-bei
meubneba, rom erotikuli xasiaTis cekvebs ZiriTadad cekvaven boSebi
aRmosavleT provinciebidan, romelTac sagangebod iwveven qorwilebsa da
wveulebebze.
Yyvela cekva nelia, narnari, mibnedil-minazebuli, avxorculi
krunCxviT (muclis cekva) TvaldaxuWuli. Llazebsac aqvT muclisa da
sajdomis grexva da triali, mxolod ufro swrafad. sxva gansxvaveba _
es aris dauRalavi TamaSi xelis mtevnebiT. Yyvela mocekvave cekvavs
xangrZlivad gansakuTrebiT lazebi xanjlebiT.
413
koxi k., spenseri o., cnobebi saqarTvelosa da kavkasiis Sesaxeb,mogzauroba redut
kaledan trapezuntamde, Tb., `mecniereba,~ 1981 w.gv. 198-199.
202
davbrundiT zeda bazarSi _ aqac cekvebi, ufro sada, ubralo, cekva
kovzebiT kastanetebis magivrad~414.
megruli sacekvao dialeqti
danarTi 1.
barnabiSvili d., erTi warmarTuli dResaswauli
samegreloSi,gaz.,,droeba,~ 4 maisi, 1870, #20.
`20-s aprils, orSabaTs dRes, sofels banZas iyo Wveniereba (megrelebmac
ar ician sityvis mniSvneloba, dResaswauli unda iyos); am dRes TviT
wirvazed cota iyo xalxi, gamosvlis Semdeg ki xalxma dena iwyo
eklesiasTan; SuadRis ukan zarebis reka da bukiT yvirili daiwyes, rom
xalxi Segroebul iyo da marTlac xalxma oTxiv-kuTxiv moxSirebiT dena
iwyo; oTx saaTamdis aTi, oci, TxuTmeti erTaT cxenebi da qveiTaT
myofni erTaT gamodiodnen didi simReriT da ,,kirieleisonis~ galobiT.
Semdeg Segroebuli xalxi gaiyo ramdensame nawilaT da TiTo nawili
calke TamaSobda. xan gaabamdnen ferxulsa, ferxulSi iyvnen rogoraTac
kacni, egreTve qalni da sami mxriT imRerdnen; xan dahkravdnen dairas,
dairazed taSsa da cekvavdnen qal-kacni (aq ufro saqarTvelos sxva
nawilebze qalni da kacni erTaT TamaSoben, cal-calke TamaSi maTSi
qalisa anu kacisa iSviaTi aris). xan TavianT enazed leqsebs mRerodnen,
leqsebzed taSs ukravdnen da cekvavdnen qal-kacni. eseTma nawil-nawilaT
sxva da sxva alagas TamaSma gangrZo oTx saaTamdina, vidremdin xalxi
kargaT blomaT Seikrifeboda. oTx saaTzed darekes xel-axlad zarebi da
daiwyes bukiT yvirili; cxenianebma gankerZoebiTi TamaSoba daaSlevines,
suyvelani wamovidnen eklesiasTan.~415
danarTi 2.
Эристави Р.,Путевыя записки по Мингрелiи,`Кавказская старина~ №3, Тифлис, 1873,
Стр. 75
`yovelwliurad 15 agvistos ician aq (xobSi-x. d.) saeklesio
dResaswauli, romelzedac Tavs iyrian mlocvelebi rogorc Soreuli
adgilebidan, ise axlomdebare soflebidan. saeklesio RvTismsaxurebis
Semdeg imarTeba bazroba mimdebare adgilebidan Camosuli vaWrebis mier,
414
Лансере Е., Дневники. Путешествия Кавказ: будни и праздники, книга вторая, Москва, искусство-XXI
век, 2008, Ст. 67.
415
barnabiSvili d., erTi warmarTuli dResaswauli samegreloSi, gaz. ,,droeba,~ 4 maisi,
1870, #20.
203
aseve jiriTi, cekva da simRera. adgilobrivTa cekva iyo ori saxis:
pirvel SemTxvevaSi qali da mamakaci wyvilad cekvavs dairisa da
simReris, aseve garSemomyofi sazogadoebis taSiskvris akompanimentis
TanxlebiT. am dros mocekvave qali Tavs awonebs da amave dros TiTqos
gaurbis mamakacs, ukanaskneli ki misdevs mas asrulebs ra moxerxebul
moZraobebs da Zalze vnebian Jestebs. meorea _ saferxulo, sadac orive
sqesis xelCabmuli mocekvaveebi mRerian sxvadasxva mxiarul simRerebs
vnebis gamaRvivebeli sityvebiT, uvlian wres da iwyeben ra nela, umateben
temps nelnela, Sextebian ra erTdroulad, miaRweven kreSCendos~416.
danarTi 3.
wereTeli g., pirveli nabiji, `nakaduli,~ Tb., 1988, gv. 46.
`qal-vaJi cekvavda, magram maTi TamaSi dedal-mamali mercxlebis haerSi
trfialebas emsgavseboda. xan erTmaneTs dauaxlovdebodnen nazis tanis
rxeviT da Sedgebodnen erTi wuTis vadiT; vaJi am dros cdilobda,
qalisTvis Tvali TvalSi gaeyara. Magram qali ucbaT motrialdeboda da
gaSordeboda, TiTqos vaJs utifrobis gulisTvis gaebutao. mere
gaSorebuli isev vaJis pirdapir dadgeboda da dauwyebda Nazis tanis
rxeviT javrobas. vaJi gaeSureboda miskenve, qali katasaviT ganze
gainavardebda, magram vaJic iqiTken gaxteboda, TiTqos cdilobs mis
daWerasao... es iyo Semaqcevari raRac kata-Tagvobia, sxapva, anu megrul-
afxazuri TamaSi. vaJis rxevaze misi baSlayis foCic Tavis Crdils
eTamaSeboda. qali vaJs emaleboda TamaSobaSi da verc damalvoda; Semdeg
isev gaSlidnen xelebs mercxlis frTebiviT da daqrodnen wres garSemo
saamuraT~417.
danarTi 4.
megreli d., sacodavni, gaz. ìveria,~ #91, 1888.
_ erTi lekuri gvaCveneT!
_ ki batono, exlave! upasuxes imaT da daiwyes faci-fuci. gaakeTes,
rogorc iqna, wre, moiyvanes dairis damkvreli da morTes `re-ro-raSa~.
mere Seiqna patiJi da gamovida erTi patara biWi, romelmac erTi
ugemurad Camouara. oh, ra gansxvaveba iyo exlandel TamaSsa da im TamaSs
416
Эристави Р.,Путевыя записки по Мингрелiи,`Кавказская старина~ №3, Тифлис, 1873, Стр. 75
417
wereTeli g., pirveli nabiji, `nakaduli,~ Tb., 1988, gv. 46.
204
Soris, romelic weRan iyo gaCaRebuli! an ki naZaladevi TamaSi rogori
iqneboda?
A axalgazrda marTlac mivida erT fexs qalTan, gausva imis win fexi
da daukra Tavi~418.
danarTi 5.
qarTuli xalxuri simReris ostatebi, samegrelo, Zuku lolua,
`saqarTvelos macne,~ Tb., 2007, gv 182.
èrTi gamodis, SuaSi quds daugdeben. joxi uWiravs xelSi, nabadi
moxuruli aqvs. TviTon Tavi Sexveuli aqvs. saxe ar mouCans, joxiT
uaxlovdeba quds. SemosZaxebs `Zabrales~ amxanagebs, e.i. mis garSemo
rkali gakeTebulia. ukanasknelebi SesZaxeben _ hai Zabrales. suraTi
didxans grZeldeba. qudis garSemo xtunavs joxiani. xan ixreba miwaze,
wamoiCoqebs, mouqnevs joxs, upirebs dartymas, magram veRar bedavs,
wamoxteba isev, gadaxteba ganze, TiTqo gegoneba, Semoutia im qudmao.
mayurebeli gancvifrebaSi moyavs. imden bevrjer metyvelebas iCens es
joxiani. yvelani gautacnia am qudSi momwyvdeuls da yvelas misken
dauRia xaxa, dauprawavT Tvalebi da icinian. patarebs ki arc erTi
Rimili ar modiT. isini dafiqrebulni Sescqerian raRacas qudSi _
gamova da SemWamso.
es saTamaSo did xarxars iwvevs xalxSi da xSirad amiT Tavdeba
soflis garTobac. gansakuTrebiT samegreloSi ician aseTi xasiaTis
cekva-TamaSi~419.
danarTi 6.
èxla Zvirad ipoviT vismes Tavis saxlSi, exla yvelani òbire~_Si
(obireSi megrulad hqvian im adgils, sadac Tavs iyrian cekva-
simRerisaTvis (avt.)) arian wasulni da iq atareben drosa. ai, mouyria
yvelas Tavi as wlovan cacxvis qveS da mxolod imaze hfiqroben, Tu
dRevandels dRes rogor isiamovnon. Bbevri sxva-da-sxva gvari
gasarTobic aris exla aq.
ager ymawvil vaJebsa da qalebs gaukeTebiaT wre da gaumarTavT
cekva-simRera: erTs mxarezed damdgaran momRerali biWebi, CauyenebiaT
418
419
Tb., 2007, gv 182.
205
SuaSi modaire qali da gaiZaxian `rero-raSas~, danarCenni ki zogi
scekvavs, zogic guls iyolebs imaTis cqeriT da taSs ukravs.
_ aba, biWebo, ferxuli exla da gavaTavoT! sTqva erTma biWma.
_ Cvenc gavebmiT ferxulSi, sTqves qalebma da axalgazrdebma Cahkides
erTi meores xeli. am nairad gaiSala didi uSvelebeli wre da Seiqmna
orpiri erTiani simRera, wris or mopirispire mxareze, erTi meores
simReriT ekamaTeboda; erTni `mosaTvalavs~ ambobdnen da meoreni ki
yovelis leqsis gaTavebaze xma-maRla gaiZaxodnen `hooi Zabra~-s~. jer
simRerasac nela ambobdnen da, ayolebdnen ra simReras fexs, wrec nela
trialebda. magram ai mouCqares da mouCqares simReras, simRerasTan
fexic aaCqares da qaliSvilebi iZulebulni gaxdnen daenebebinaT
wrisTvis Tavi. axalgazrda biWebic, TiTqos amas ucdidneno, erTi
Sesdgnen da uecrad daiwyes Cqari `ferxisa~. mSvenieri sanaxavi Seiqmna
exla es mindori, sadac grova axalgazrda biWebisa xma-maRalis simReriT
da swrafis, sxva-da-sxva gvaris fexis TamaSiT uvlida garSemo. ai,
Tvalis daxamxamebazed daeca mTeli wre cals muxlze da simRera
Seuwyvetlad moxdenils drozed yvelani erTi-meores brawebs ukeTeben.
ager, Tvalis daxamxamebazedve wamoxtnen yvelani, TiTqos erTi kaciao,
da rig-SeuSlelad mohyvnen isev gareSemo xtomasa da TamaSobas.
yvela daiRala, yvelas ofli askdeba, magra jer arc erTi ar
gamosula wridan: yvela erT zomaze iryeva da xtis, TiTqos didi
uzarmazari gveli daxveuliyos da iklaknebodes. qaliSvilebi, xnieri
qalebi, pawawa bavSvebi, moxuci dedakacebi, _ yvelani adevneben exla am
TamaSobas Tvalsa da siamovnoben. moxucebulma kacebmac ki Seswyvites
exla musaifi da miaqcies yuradReba SesaniSnavs `ferxisa~-s~420.
danarTi 7.
Тепцов. Я., Из быта и веровании Мингрелцев, Сборник материалов местности и племен
Кавказа. Вып. XVIII, отдел 2 Тифлис, 1894 г , ст. 1.
àm saxelwodebiT (osxapue-x.d.) samegreloSi icodnen ferxuli, romelic
ukve gamodis xmarebidan axlis gavleniT da SenarCunebulia mxolod am
qveynis ganapira kuTxeebSi, sadac jer kidev gareSe gavlenebma ver
moaswres xalxuri patriarqaluri yofis aRmofxvra.
420
206
,,osxapue~ Cveulebriv iwyeba sadResaswaulo dRis wina dRes da mTavrdeba
dResaswaulis dRis saRamos. Aam droidan gamonaklisia mxolod
saeklesio msaxureba, romelsac momsvlelebi eswrebian.
iwyeba ,,osxapue’’ sadme mdeloze an eklesiis moedanze; RamiT ferxuls
iwveven vinmes saxlSi da dilas ferxuli isev mReris da cekvavs mTeli
soflis Tvalwin.
ferxulSi ara mxolod orive sqesis axalgazrdoba iRebs
monawileobas, aramed xanSiSesulebic, zogjer WaRara moxucebic ki.
Zvelad osxapueze garSemo soflebidanac iyridnen Tavs rogorc
sasoflo dResaswaulze. wesisamebr ferxulSi mTeli sofeli iRebda
monawileobas, rogorc erTi ojaxi da rogorc am ojaxis yovel wevrs
Tavisi wvlili Sehqonda saerTo mxiarulebaSi. zogjer osxapues
marTavda mxolod erTi ojaxi. Aam SemTxvevaSi iwveven axalgazrdebs
sxvadasxva soflebidan, raTa gamaspinZlebis safasurad maspinZlisaTvis
gaekeTebinaT saWiro da saswrafo saqme: aeRoT simindi, moemkaT puri da
sxva.421 ase osxapueSi ar Takilobdnen monawileobis miRebas
didgvarovnebi, Tavadebic ki. Sroma aq monacvleobda cekvasTan da
simRerasTan orive sqesis axalgazrdebis mier. daRlili, xmauriani
mxiarulebiT mTvrali axalgazrdoba saxlSi brundeboda mxolod
SuaRamis Semdeg, Tumca veravin gabedavda esayvedurebina maTTvis
TavaSvebuloba (loToba), rogorc axla xdeba.
Tavad ferxuli warmoadgenda uaRresad lamaz sanaxaobas Zveli
drois Wreli kostumebiT.
qalebis Zveleburi samosi (morTuloba) didi xania ukve warsuls
Cabarda, dauTmo ra adgili axals ufro evropuls, vidre aziurs.
Zveli drois qalebi atarebdnen grZel, naTel, feradi yvavilebiT
moCiTul kabas ,,xabardiT~ (krinolini). Kkabaze ikeTebdnen farTo,
vercxlis an oqros moqargul qamars. Tavze efaraT leCaqi an
Tavsaxuravi (megrulad dudiSi giorqumalari); fexebs umSvenebdaT
saxlSi nawarmoebi vercxliTa da oqroTi moqarguli cugi (megrulad
cuqazi) (cugi _ qarTulad wuRi. x. damCiZe). morTul-mokazmuli
421
megrelebi amas шентцоба-s uwodeben, ruseTSi помоч-i hqvia. (avt.) `шентцоба~ igivea, rac
`Senwooba~ qarTulad `Semweoba~. (sqolios teqsti Seicavs _ x.d)
207
axalgazrdoba ikribeboda sadme mdeloze, mindorze. Yyvela, mTeli
sofeli, didian patarianad aq iyrida Tavs.
xelCabmuli axalgazrdoba qmnida wres (xujiSi osxapues) kacisa
da qalis monacvleobiT. wyvilebi iqmneboda SemTxveviTi wesiT da ara
SerCeviT. Semdeg iwyeboda simRera Serwymuli originalur cekvasTan. wre
moZraobda simReris taqtSi xan marjvniv xan marcxniv; Semdeg qalebi
akeTebdnen moZraobas wris SigniTa mimarTulebiT, tovebdnen ra
mamakacebs adgilze, Semdeg igives akeTebdnen mamakacebi. amasTan erTad
TviTon simRera iyofa orad: wris naxevari mReris simReris pirvel
naxevars, danarCeni xmas aayolebs meore naxevars. aseT simReras hqvia
gansakuTrebuli saxeli ,,gicoqala.~
Oosxapues Tan axlda sxvadasxva TamaSi, romelic aseve gamodis
xmarebidan. osxapueze icodnen Sejibri sirbilSi (marula),
moxerxebulobaSi, cxeniT jiriTSi. ymawvilebi dgebodnen ferxulis
moSorebiT, ewyobodnen mwkrivSi da niSanze erTianad wydebodnen
adgils.am dros gogonebi awesebdnen prizebs, ZiriTadad fulads,
zogjer raime nivTs _ gogonebis mier mocaleobis Jams gakeTebuls:
moqargul cugebs, moqargul yabalaxs da sxva. mdidari didgvarovnebisa
da Tavadebis mier prizad cxenebic iniSneboda.
Y yovel Sejibrs hqonda sami prizi: didi, saSualo da patara. didi
sazeimod gadaecemoda, pirvelad romelic moirbenda; saSualo _ meores
da patara _ mesames. danarCeni monawileebi ki saCuqrad dacinvas
iRebdnen.
saaRdgomo osxapues dros sxvagvari Sejibri imarTeboda. am
ferxulisTvis gogonebi amzadebdnen ferad burTebs (Carga-burTi); aseve
maT mier grovdeboda kapitali prizebisaTvis. Yyovel burTs ekereboda
vercxlis monetebis gansazRvruli raodenoba. vaJebi qmnidnen wres,
romelSic Sedioda erTi gogona da burTs maRla agdebda: vinc burTs
haerSi daiWerda, is mas saCuqrad miiRebda. Tu burTi Zirs davardeboda,
maSin vaJebs aRar hqondaT SejibrSi xelaxla monawileobis ufleba. maT
Secvlidnen ufro asakovani mamakacebi; Tu isinic waagebdnen, bolo
Sejibrs Caatarebdnen WaRara moxucebi. prizi rCebodaT moxucebs im
SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu maT Sorisac burTs veravin daiWerda.
208
SejibrSi yovel warumateblobas Tan axlda gakilva, xarxari,
dacinva.
wesad iyo, rom yoveli axladcolSerTuli pirveli osxapues dros
prizad awesebda fuls (an cxens, nivTebs da a.S) sirbilSi SejibrSi,
xolo axalgazrda coli valdebuli iyo daemzadebina burTi priziT.
axla osxapue jer kidev gvxvdeba zogan, magram ar aris iseTi
mxiaruli da Jriamuliani, rogorc adre. sirbilSi Sejibrma adgili
dauTmo cxeniT Sejibrs~422.
danarTi 8.
`saqarTvelos macne,~Tb., 2007, gv. 182.
`mkiTxvelis yuradReba SevaCero da oriode sityva vTqva Cveni
nacionaluri qal-vaJTa cekvis Sesaxeb, romelsac xoruli (mxaruli)
ewodeba. yvela dameTanxmeba, visac goneba ar Ralatobs, saucxoo
sanaxavia soflad, sadac moxucni da axalgazrdani xelixel Cakidebulni
rkaliviT wreSi Sesulni, simRerebs fexebSewyobilni da
tanTSeTanxmebulni, yoveli meore adgili marcxniv da marjvniv qalebs
amodgomian xelebis patara TiTebis jaWviT mibmuli, uvlian wres
mibmulni. sanam Cqar simReraze gadavidodnen, romelic iwvevs dids
moZraobas da Tan erTad Sextomas, manam qalebi ar gamovlen wridan da
ase TavazianaT uvlian wres. magram Tqven xedavT, simReris tempi rogor
imatebs, ise qalebic ara erTbaSad, magram TiTo-TiTod, SeumCnevlad
Semoeclebian rkals. Amis Semdeg ki saucxoo sanaxaobad iqceva, Cqari
simRera egzom aitacebs momRerlebs haerSi, rom naxevari adliT
Sordebian miwas. am dros ise mikrulni arian gverdebiT mocekvaveebic
erTimeores, rom yovlad SeuZlebelia maT SuaSi Sesvla. axtomas da
haerSi TamaSas dros Zlier uwyobs xels erTimeoreze mikruloba, radgan
erTTavad wyveten erTmeores maRla. xan wina, xan ukana nabijebis
gadaxtomiT ucbaT uSoben xelebs da amis Semdeg Seicvlian mklavebs da
erTmeores mxarze gadaawyoben. ase ganagrZoben Semovlas, romelic
422
Тепцов. Я., Из быта и веровании Мингрелцев, Сборник материалов местности и племен Кавказа. Вып.
XVIII, отдел 2 Тифлис, 1894 г , ст. 1.
209
gacilebiT orjer farTo wred iqceva. Cqari da wynari nabijiT uvlian
wres simReris SeTanxmebiT, siCqare da siwynare damokidebulia damwyebze.
aseTi mklavebgadadebuli simRerebiT cekva samnairia. samive
sxvadasxva xasiaTisaa_mag:
1). `henda varali da hori ara lenda~. am simReris dros mklavebi mxarze
da fexebi erTi win da meore mis ukan udgiaT, rogorc jariskacni erTi
da meore da ase moZraobs _ jer pirvelze dgebian, mere ukanaze. wina
mocilebulia miwas (ase uvlian wres).
2). `mze Sinas~ ki fexi da xelebic erTian SeTanxmebulia. erTmxriv
midian_marjvniv.
3). `Zabrale~423
danarTi 9.
saxokia T., rogor vizrdebodiT Zvelad, `sablitgami,~ Tb., 1955, gv. 12.
`qal-vaJni jer wyvil-wyvilad cekvavdnen, mze kargad rom gadaixreboda,
daiwyeboda `mxaruli~ TamaSoba, romelSiac monawileobas Rebulobdnen
rogorc axalgazrda qal-vaJni, ise xanSiSesulebica, yvalani axovanni
iyvnen, jansaRebi, warmosadegni da lamazebi.
M`mxarulis~ mocekvaveni Cahkidebdnen erTimeores xelebs da
gaakeTebdnen oc, ocdaaT qal-vaJisagan Semdgar wres. wris orpirad
gaimarTeboda Sairebis Tqma, moSaireT simReriT, Sewonilad bans
aZlevdnen da simReras riTmulad aayolebdnen fexebs, moTamaSeni
marjvena mxriT garSemo wres avlebdnen, karga xans ase TamaSis Semdeg
qalebi gamoeclebodnen wres, xolo mamakacebi aqeT-iqiT erTimeores
mxrebze gaSlil xelebs daadebdnen (aqedan saxeli TamaSobisa
`mxaruli~) da imave simReriT ganagrZobdnen wris Semovlas, mxolod
simReras da fexebis gadabijebis temps umateben. es siswrafe gadadioda
maRla Sextomaze imdenad, rom moTamaSeni TiTqmis erTi adlis simaRleze
ascdebodnen dedamiwas, am saxiT ramdenjerme Semouvlidnen wres da
TamaSobac gaTavdeboda.
cekvis am saxes samegreloSi 1890 wlamde kidev Sexvdeboda kaci. Semdeg
ki TandaTan aiRes masze xeli da dRes moxucebulT TuRa axsovT, Tu
rogor TamaSobdnen maTi winaparni erT dros~424.
423
Tb., 2007, gv. 182.
210
afxazuri sacekvao dialeqti
danarTi 1.
ФредерикДюбуадеМонпере, ПутешествиевокругКавказа, `Абгиз,~Сухуми, 1937, стр. 157.
`generlis gasarTobad cekva wamoiwyes. cekvis mitoveba, wridan gamosvla,
did sircxvilad iTvleboda. araerTxel minaxavs, ra uzarmazari
Zalisxmevis fasad ujdeboda cekvis monawiles sabrZolo moedanze Tavis
dacva. generalma sTxova erT-erT iq myof qalbatons mieRo monawileoba
cekvaSi. TiTqmis saaTze meti cekvavda is or axalgazrda afxaz
mamakacTan erTad, gamoxatavda ra mTel Tavis gracias da amasTan
cdilobda daeRala mowinaarmdege. magram is (vaJi _ x.d.) Tavis mxriv,
danebebas ar apirebda. vualis nacvlad, Tavis TeTr, did, bambis
TavsafarSi gaxveuli, romelic saxes ufaravda, qali, suls Zlivs
iTqvamda, muxli ekveTeboda; sadacaa gons dakargavda. generali
iZulebuli gaxda daecva is da axalgazrda kacisTvis eTxova Tavi
damarcxebulad gamoecxadebina~425.
danarTi 2
rainegsi i., mogzauroba saqarTveloSi, àrtanuji,~ Tb., 2002, gv. 111.
`Zveli Cveulebis mixedviT isini yovelwliurad dResaswauloben
gazafxulis dRisa da Ramis gaTanabrebas Wreli feradi kvercxebiT,
ludis gamoxdiT, Wama-smiTa da laRobiT. am dRes da agreTve Semdgom or
dRes isini marTaven cxenebis rbolas, samxedro varjiSobas da erTobian
sxvadasxva mxiaruli xumrobebiT. bolos meoTxe dRes anTeben did
kocons da mis garSemo xtian da cekvaven; am cekvisas yoveli maTgani
yris [cecxlSi] muWa fqvils, Zvel purs, matyls da misTanebs; Semdeg
daRlili am TamaSobisagan, iSlebian~426.
danarTi 3
nanxvasadxmi miZRvnili dResaswaulis wina RamiT gogonebi sofelSi,
winaswar Tanxmdebodnen, Tu vis saxlSi gaimarTeboda ritualuri TamaSi
e. w. bednierebis Zieba. koconis garSemo xelCabmuli gogonebi xtunviTa
da cekviT mRerodnen ritmul simReras àZarxuma~. xelSi Txilis
424
saxokia T., rogor vizrdebodiT Zvelad, `sablitgami,~ Tb., 1955, gv. 12.
Фредерик Дюбуа де Монпере, Путешествие вокруг Кавказа, `Абгиз,~ Сухуми, 1937, стр. 157.
425
426
rainegsi i., mogzauroba saqarTveloSi, àrtanuji,~ Tb., 2002, gv. 111.
211
cocxali totebi eWiraT da xtomiT msubuqad fexebze icemdnen. taSs
ukravdnen Sextomis dros simReris taqtSi. simReras iwyebda erTi, sxvebi
miumRerebdnen. simReris teqsti ZiriTadad àZarxumas,~ gabmul ùou~-s da
warmosaxviTi saqmros Semkoba-daxasiaTebas Seicavda. igi xan
wynardeboda, xan Zlierdeboda da gogonebi momajadoeblad cekvavdnen
koconis garSemo. cekvis ganmavlobaSi erTi romelime gogona gaarRvevda
ra wres, swrafad Cayrida lobios CenCis momdevno porcias da
aelvarebuli cecxlis enebi, Tavis cekvas cekvavdnen mocekvaveebTan
erTad. mocekvave gogonebis Crdilebi kedlebze irekleboda. ase xsnida
qaliSvilis bednieri qorwinebis molodins. Ddasasruls, koconis
garSemo cekviT daRlili gogonebi saTiTaod cekva-cekviT gamodiodnen
ezoSi. gareT ki maT vaJebi elodnen wyliT savse doqebiT romlebiTac
gogonebs wuwavdnen. mxiaruli JriamuliT mTavrdeboda rituali.
http://akavkaz.ru/index.php/tancy-narodov/abkhazskie/11-adzarhuama (es gverdi aRar
moiZebna.)
danarTi 4
maWavariani k., zogierTi niSani abxazTa cxovrebidan, gaz. `droeba,~ #12,
1885, gv. 1.
,,kviraobiT da uqme dReobiT ikribebian ymawvilebi vake mindorzed
xSirfoTlebiani xeTa qveS da iq romelime gamoacxadebs burTis TamaSis
dawyebis saaTs. pirvelad TamaSobas iwyeben patara bavSvebi, Semdgom
SeuerTdebian maT didebic. am TamaSobaSi qalebi araviTars monawileobas
ar Rebuloben, mxolod uyureben da moswonT ymawvil kacTa simkvircxle,
Zali, gabedviT gadaxtoma Txrilzed. mravalni swavloben saJenis
simaRleze axtomasa da gadaxtomas ramdenime nabdis sigrZezed. garda
amisa daayeneben xuTs an aTs kacs erTad da Tavzed gadaevlebian. xSirad
moxdeba naZlevi sirbilSic.
Semdgom am gvaris TamaSobisa Sesdgeba didi wre ymawvilTa vaJTa
da qaliSvilTa. simrgvale meidanisa Seadgens samocs da xandaxan ass
alabs. gverdzed TviToeuls ymawvils vaJs amoudgeba gasaTxovari anu
axalgazrda gaTxovili qali. erTi maTgani aniSnebs damRerebiT da erTs
Tvalis daxamxamebaSi yvalani Cahkideban xeli xels da iwyeben pirvelad
xltomas erT adgilas, Semdgom marjvenis mxriT marcxenisaken da
marcxenis mxriT marjvenisaken mimosvlas cekva xtomiT. ferxulSi
212
momRerlebis xmazed trialeben. imRerian sazogadod yvelani
dalagebuls weszed: pirvelad daiwyebs is kerZo, romelic wris
meoTxeds Seadgens, Semdgom meore, mesame da meoTxe. anu pirveli naxevari
daiwyebs da mermed meore naxevari ganimeorebs masve. ase, rom ar uSlian
erTi meores da arc cekvas Seayenebineben.
erTis anu ori saaTis Semdgom mocekvarni or kerZod ganiyofebian
da TviToeuli maTgani gamoiyvans Tavis moleqses. igi pirvelad leqsebiT
gaamxnevebs mun myofTa, Semdgom SeeSuRleba Tavis mopirdapire meleqses,
romelic mosulia meore soflidam. saxlSi gazrdilni moleqse afxazni
gamoiCenen gasakvirvels codnas galeqsebaSi. mTeli dRiT SeuZlianT
erTi-erTmaneTTan gajibreba. win da win TviTeuli maTgani Tavis sofels
qebiT Seamkobs, Semdeg aqebs Tavis momxreebs, bolos mimarTavs Tavis
mopirdapires da dauzogavad uSveris leqsiT ixsenebs rogorc TviT imas,
ise masTan myofTa (Tumca es sawyenad aravis rCeboda).
moleqseni TavianT leqsebs xoreis anu daqtilis formiT amboben.
pirvelad iwyebs simReras erTi da Semdgom TviToeulis oris xanisa
ganimeoreben yvela misni momxreni, mopirdapired msgavsadve miugeben. am
moleqseT SeSuRlebis dros cekva ara Tu Sesdgeba, aramed ufro da
ufro cxoveldeba. gamarjvebul moleqses qeba-didebas uZRvnian, haerSi
Seisvrian da misi saxeli didxans rCeba dauviwyari.
vaJni Seikribebian erTad, gamoiyvaneben momReralT, daukraven taSs da am
dros Sua moedanzed vaJi da qaliSvili gamovlen. Rirseba maTis cekvisa
sxva_da_sxva xelovnebaSia da umTavresad dauRalvelobaSi. vaJi xmarobs
yovels gvars mecadineobas, daRalos masTan mocekve qali da uari
aTqmevinos cekvis gangrZobazed. xandisxan qaliSvili sjobnis vaJs da
sams_oTxsac zedi_zed daRalavs TamaSobiT. am gvari mocekvave
qaliSvilebisaTvis Seadgenen saqebar simReriTa, da Tundac usaxurnic
iyvnen, mainc isini saqmros advilad iSovian.
cekvaSi da sazogado saero dResaswaulobaSi yvelani wodebaTa
ganurCevlad monawileobas Rebuloben~427. (igive informacia, rusul enaze
mocemulia JurnalSi смомпк, IV, тифлис, 1884, стр.57.)
danarTi 5
427
maWavariani k., zogierTi niSani abxazTa cxovrebidan, gaz. `droeba,~ #12, 1885, gv. 1.
213
Дубровин Н.,История войны и владычества русских на Кавказе,Т.I, кн. II, СПБ, 1871. стр.
20.
`mamakacebi cekvavdnen jigitkas _ cekvas, romelSic erT-erTi monawile
fass sikvdiliT an daWriT ixdis. am cekvaSi mTavar rols xanjali, Tofi
an xelebi TamaSobda; fexebs aq meorexarisxovani roli eniWeboda.
megobrebi an erTmaneTis keTilmosurneebi arasodes cekvavdnen jigitkas,
magram yovelTvis iRebdnen monawileobas erTmaneTTan mtrad
gadakidebuli pirebi, romelTac Zveli wyenisaTvis samagieros gadaxdis
wyurvili klavdaT, an survili hqondaT Tavi gamoeCinaT axalgazrdobiTa
da mamacobiT. ar arsebobda mTaSi meore iseTi sanaxaoba, romelsac
imdeni cnobismoyvare mayureblis Tavis moyra SeeZlo, ramdensac
Setyobineba, jiriTis, an ufro sworad, metoqis devnis dawyebis Sesaxeb,
arenaze grovdeboda.
Oori mowinaaRmdege anu mocekvave daawyoben xelebs xanjlebis
tarebze da daifaraven ra Tavs yabalaxiT, gadazomaven intervals
erTmaneTs Soris Tormeti nabijis daSorebiT. mayurebelTa gabmuli
simReris TanxlebiT, mocekvaveebi fexebis bakuniTa da buqniT uvlidnen
gars erTmaneTs. rCeboda ra maT Soris mxolod erTi nabiji, Cqardeboda
mayurebelTa simRera da falavnebi fexebis bakuniT, yiJiniT akeTebdnen
sam mkveTr bruns, amave dros aSiSvlebdnen xmlebs. am dros dartyma
SesaZloa miyenebuli yofiliyo mxolod yelze an zurgSi, gamomdinare
iqedan, rom mocekvaveebi asrulebdnen bruns erTsa da imave dros da
xSirad erTnairi ostatobiT flobdnen iaraRs. am dros jiriTis pirveli
nawili sruldeboda umsxverplod an msubuqi nakawriT. Aamis Semdgom
mayurebeli aTavisuflebda arenas, xazavdnen miwaze did wres, romelSic
SehyavdaT TofebiT SeiaraRebuli, Tvalaxveuli mocekvaveebi, Tavad ki
igive mSvidi simReris TanxlebiT wvebodnen qvebis ukan (qvebs
efarebodnen-x.d.). zogjer am dros metad Sesaqcev scenas waawydebodiT.
mowinaaRmdegeebi valdebulni iyvnen simReris taktSi ebakunaT fexebi,
kvalSi Cadgomodnen erTmaneTs cdilobdnen ra fexis xmiTa da
tansacmlis SrialiT erTmaneTis adgili gamoecnoT. zogjer isini
Setakebisas, mayurebelTa xmamaRal sicilSi, ecemodnen. yoveli maTgani
cdilobda Cqara amdgariyo da wasuliyo, raTa ar SefeTeboda Tofis
lulas da ar aRmoCeniliyvnen mowinaaRmdegis fexis qveS. zogjer
214
xdeboda isedac, rom orive mocekvavisTvis erTi SemTxveva iqceoda
sikvdilis bolo piruetad. iyo SemTxvevebi, rom mocekvaveebi erTi
gaelvebisas dauaxlovdebodnen pirispir erTmaneTs, daumiznebdnen ra
pirdapir iaraRs, ecemodnen sisxliT wiTlad SeRebilebi~428.
danarTi 6
Аргун А., Неугасающий огонь, ` Алашара~, Сухуми, 1982, стр. 9.
`wris SuagulSi SeSinebuli tyveebi isxdnen mWidrod erTmaneTs
mibjenilni. nel-nela wre viwrovdeboda, mocekvaveebi uaxlovdebodnen
maT, xdidnen Tavsaburavs, ixevdnen ra ukan, Camoacmevdnen maT qudebs
TavianT xanjlebze da agrZelebdnen cekviT wreSi brunvas. es cekva
xangrZlivi iyo. yoveli Semsruleblis Tavisufali ufleba iyo aerCia
cekvaSi TavisTvis originaluri mdgomareoba. mag: esrola moZraobisas,
wamoeyvira raRac aRmafrTovanebeli, magram ar hqonda afxazTa mTavari
wesis, Cveulebis darRvevis ufleba, kerZod, ar unda moeklaT
tyvedCabarebuli, tyveddanebebuli, mxdali. mTavrdeboda cekva TandaTan.
yoveli mocekvave saTiTaod tovebda wres. bolo ki miuaxlovdeboda
tyveTa rigs da ubrZanebda ra adgomas, gahyavda isini gamarjvebuli
saxiT danarCenTa SeZaxilis TanxlebiT~429.
danarTi 7
Хашба М., Трудовые и обрядовые песни абхазов, `Алашара,~ Сухуми, 1977, стр. 42.
`mocekvaveebi iyofian or jgufad. erTni Semosilni arian warmosadgeni
cxovelis tyaviT, sxvani _ monadireTa kostiumiT. cekvebi xataven
warmatebuli nadirobis mTel process monawileTa simReris, Cxrialas
(instrumenti-x.d.) akompanimentisa da taSis TanxlebiT. `daTvis cekvis~
musikaluri masala Cawerili aqvT k. kovaCs, gr. CxikvaZes, a. balanCivaZes.
siuJeti ki aseTia: ori daTvi Taflis saSovnelad gaeSura. èrT-erTi
xeze aZvra da Tafli ipova, meores, romelic qveviT darCa, ise gauxarda,
rom cekva daiwyo. xeze mjdomi ki eubneba: `rac mets icekveb, Taflic
ufro meti iqneba~, daTvic, gaxarebuli, iqamde cekvavs, sanam meore daTvi
sul ar SeWams mTel Tafls~430.
danarTi 8
428Дубровин Н.,История войны и владычества русских на Кавказе,Т.I, кн. II, СПБ, 1871. стр. 20.
429
Аргун А., Неугасающий огонь, ` Алашара~, Сухуми, 1982, стр. 9.
430
Хашба М., Трудовые и обрядовые песни абхазов, `Алашара,~ Сухуми, 1977, стр. 42.
215
Аргун А., Неугасающий огонь, `Алашара~, Сухуми, 1982, стр. 13.
,,mwyemsi CaarWobda miwaSi Tavis kombals da Camoacvamda ra mas fafaxsa
da Coxas, akeTebda misgan Tojinas, romelic mayurebels ganasaxierebda.
Semdeg Semoxazavda did wres, aiRebda aWarpans, iwyebda sacekvao
melodiis dakvras da ganawyobda sakuTar Tavs cekvisaTvis. gadadebda ra
droebiT instruments, iwyebda cekvas Tojinis garSemo. gaakeTebda
ramdenime wriul moZraobas, Tavs ukravda Tojinas madlobis niSnad.
Semdeg gamovidoda wridan GJestiT iwvevda sacekvaod warmosaxviT
gogonas da iwyebda graciozulad mis garSemo cekvas. cekvis dasasruls
isev madlobas uxdida mayurebels _ Tojinas da gadioda. cota xnis
Semdgom mocekvave isev Cndeboda, amjerad gamosaxavda ra warmosaxviT
kavalers, romelsac unda ecekva gogonasTan. cekvavda is mkacri, amayi
saxiT, rogorc mTiels Seefereba. cekvavda cerebze. es cekva bolo
dromde sruldeboda mwyemsebis mier mTebSi, dasvenebis dros~431.
danarTi 9.
`saqarTvelos macne,~ Tb., 2007, gv. 172.
`cekva maTi (afxazebis _ x. damCiZe) mravalnairia da Tvalwarmtaci,
gansakuTrebiT maTi gundebi ferxuliT, romelic waagavs ucxoTa
sacekvaos. im gansxvavebiT: maTi ferxuli or-orad dawyobilia pwkarad,
erTi da meore, grZeli da swori xazi. wamoiwyeben simReras (taSi ar
unda), gamova erTi wridan, gaakeTebs cekvis mokle xazs da Semouars
meores, isic gamoyoba, pirveli ki Cadgeba iq, saidanac meore gamoixmo.
ase yvelani erTmeores dauars.
or-ornic roca cekvaven, iSviaTi silamazisaa, Cqari, swrafi da
namdvili Taviseburebebis gamomxatveli~432.
danarTi 10.
Аргун А., Неугасающий огонь,`Алашара,~ Сухуми, 1982, стр. 11.
,,musikis taqtSi micuravdnen mzeTunaxavebi, mklavgaSlilni, rogorc
frinvelTa frTebi. trialebdnen, qmnidnen sxvadasxvagvar sacekvao
xveulebs da amTavrebdnen cekvas wriT, romlis centrSi aRmoCndeboda
erT-erTi mocekvaveTagani, solisti, romelic warmoadgens Tavis sacekvao
431
Аргун А., Неугасающий огонь, `Алашара~, Сухуми, 1982, стр. 13.
432
Tb., 2007, gv. 172.
216
ostatobas. cekvis ganmavlobaSi yoveli mocekvaveTagani unda
aRmoCeniliyo wreSi da moqceuliyo yuradrebis centrSi. cekvis melodia
xan swrafdeboda, xan yuCdeboda. isaxeboda mocekvaveTa xveulebi. maTi
moZraobebi xan vardis kokoris gaSlas emsgavseboda, xan mtirala
tirifis rwevas, zogjer zRvis talRas. bolos mocekvaveebi
gaifantebodnen ra sxvadasxva mxares, mzis sxivebis gvarad, isev
ikribebodnen wreSi da qmnidnen TviT mzes. am cekvaSi igrZnoboda
RirseulTan Sexvedris dafaruli naRveli da mokrZalebuli imedi~433.
raWuli sacekvao dialeqti

danarTi 1.
Миндели Н., Картвелския песни, СМОМПК XIX, отд. II. Тифлис, 1894 г., стр.124..
`raWvelebs, ise, rogorc sxva qarTveluri warmomavlobis xalxs,
romlebic cxovrobdnen mdinareebis rionisa da mtkvris velebze, bevri
siave gamoucdia Tavisi mtrebisgan: osebis, svanebis, lekebis, Turqebis da
sxvaTa mxridan. brZolis zogierTi momenti raWvelTa simRerebSic aisaxa.
es istoriuli simRerebi raWis mcxovrebTa mier imRereboda ufro
metad sadResaswaulo dReebSi. yovel simReras Tavisi gansakuTrebuli
melodia gaaCnia. maT simReras Tan axlda ferxuli, romelic ori saxisaa:
erTs hqvia f e r x i s a anu f e r x u l i, xolo meores _ w i n m o Z
R o l a. `ferxisa~ sruldeba ase: SekrebilTa ricxvidan gamoeyofa
ramdenime kaci, saukeTeso momRerlebi; isini Cakideben xelebs erTmaneTs
qamrebSi, visac qamari ar hqonda, kiserSi, da ganlagdebian ra amgvarad
qmnian jaWvs da iwyeben simReras adgilze. Tavidan simReris pirvel
frazas erT-erTi maTgani iwyebs, meore ayveba mas, danarCenebi, ramdenic
ar unda iyos maTi raodenoba, bans aZleven. imavdroulad dgeba meore
ferxuli qalTa SemadgenlobiT, xolo Tu isini ar isurveben, isev
kacebisgan da dgeba pirvelis mopirdapired; gundebi mRerian morigeobiT
(rigrigobiT): pirveli ferxulis mier pirveli frazis dasrulebisas,
igive frazis mReras iwyeben meore ferxulis momRerlebi; Semdeg pirveli
gundi mReris simReris meore frazas, Semdeg meore gundi imeorebs imaves;
433Аргун А., Неугасающий огонь,`Алашара,~ Сухуми, 1982, стр. 11.
217
(125)ase meore gundi imeorebs pirvelis mier namRer yovel frazas, sanam
simRera ar dasruldeba an ferxuli ar daiSleba. imRereben ra pirvel
or an sam frazas, orive gundi simReriT uaxlovdeba erTmaneTs da qmnian
erT saerTo wres; agrZeleben simReras isev ise, rogorc mRerodnen, es
wre iwyebs saferxulo cekvas, moZraobs ra marcxena mxridan marjvniv
(waRma). amasTan erTad fexTa mwyobri moZraoba da Jestebi sruldeba
yvelas mier erTdroulad, simReris taqtis qveS. momRerlebi
ferxulSiTavdapirvelad nela moZraobdnen, monacvleobiT
gadaadgildebodnen ra xan win _ marjvniv, xan ukan _ marcxniv; radgan
nabijebi, romelic marjvniv keTdeba ufro didia, vidre ukan gadadgmuli,
ferxuli TandaTan moZraobs (gadaadgildeba) marjvniv. rogorc simRera,
iseve moZraoba, bolosken TandaTan Cqardeba.
ferxulis warmateba damokidebulia zust ritmze simReraSic da
moZraobaSic. moxvdeba ferxulSi Tundac erTi gamoucdeli, romelmac ar
icis saferxulo simRera, da mTeli simwyobre (agebuleba) iqneba
dakarguli. saferxulo simRerebsa da cekvebs bavSvobidan aswavlian.
yovelTvis ferxulis SuagulSi, Cveulebriv, dganan orive sqesis bavSvebi:
isini yuradRebiT usmenen simRerebs da Tvalyurs adevneben momReralTa
moZraobebs.
`winmoZRola~ warmoadgens Semdegs (mdgomareobs SemdegSi) _ erT-
erT mamakacs, romelmac kargad icis istoriuli simReris rogorc
teqsti, iseve melodia, Caebmian zurgis mxridan qamrebiT erTi meores
miyolebiT sxva kacebi, zogjer kacebs qalebic Caebmebian. am dros
pirveli mamakaci, romelsac winmoZRoli hqvia, win mdgomi meTauri,
mReris erT-erT istoriul simReras; meore, mis ukan, yveba mas,
danarCenebi agrZeleben banis notebs. winmoZRoli mReris da maTTan
erTad cekvavs, asrulebs ra sxeuliT sxvadasxva moZraobebs, xan brunavs
erT adgilze da Semoivlebs garSemo jaWvs, romelic mas ekvris,
warmoqmnis ra misgan spirals (xveuls), xan Wimavs jaWvs swor xazad, xan
aiZulebs daiklaknos rogorc gveli, (126)xan gars Semouvlis sxvadasxva
sagnebs; amasTan erTad mas, rogorc winamZRols, erT xelSi
wiTelnaWerdamagrebuli joxi uWiravs, romelic samxedro droSas
gamosaxavs. `winmoZRolas~, iseve rogorc ferxul `ferxisas~ dros,
simRerebi sruldeba or gundad: simReris yoveli fraza imRereba jer
218
winamZrolisa da misi gundis mier, Semdeg igive fraza imRereba meore
gundis mier, romlebic erT saerTo jaWvs qmnian wina gundTan erTad~434.
danarTi 2.
`qarTuli saferxulo simRerebis erTaderTi yvelaze gavrcelebuli da
saqarTvelos mTianeTSi cocxali saxiT gadarCenili forma `mrgvali
ferxuli~ aris. amgvari Sesrulebis dros SemsrulebelTa wre pirobiTad
or naxevarwred iyofa, romelTagan TiToeuls Tavisi korife, wamyvani,
damwyebi hyavs. pirveli korifes naTqvam frazas gundis naxevari
mTlianad, uklebliv imeorebs amis Semdegimave frazas ambobs meore
korife, romlis naTqvams misi naxevarwre gaimeorebs. amgvarad teqstis
TiToeuli taepi faqtiurad oTxjer meordeba.
Aamgvari Sesrulebis dros simRera metad mZimed midis, rac wamyvans
Semdegi taepis mofiqrebis da gamoTqmis saSualebas aZlevs. mrgvali
ferxulis es forma dResac cocxalia aRm. saqarTvelos mTianeTSi,
raWasa da svaneTSi. mTis raWaSi igi ori formiT aris cnobili: ,,mrgvali
gadabmuli~ da e.w. ,,orfexuri~, sadac wreSi mxarimxar gadabmuli
mocekvaveebi or nabijs marjvniv da erT patara nabijs marcxniv
gadadgamen. informatoris ivane gutaSvilis mowmobiT, amgvari ferxuli
`ZvelisZvelia~ da axla iSviaTad asruleben, radgan metad did dros
moiTxovs ,,erTi wre 3-4 saaTSi Tu Seikvriso~, e. i. erTi wris Semovlas
ferxuli sam-oTx saaTs undeba. simReris TvalsazrisiT meferxuleTa or
naxevarwred pirobiTi gayofa aqac igivea. ivane gutaSvilis saintereso
dakvirvebiT, dRes iSviaTia, rom meore korife, pirvelis mier Tqmul
taeps imeorebdes. iwyebs pirveli korife da mas miyveba misi
naxevarwremeore korife pirdapir meore taepze gadadis da mas misi
naxevarwre mihyveba ,,ase ufro male sruldeba simRera~ _ ambobs ivane
gutaSvili. es saintereso dakvirveba erTis mxriv, imas mowmobs, rom
,,epikuri sidinje~, saWiro Zveli ferxulis SesrulebisaTvis, ukve mTaSic
darRveulia. meores mxriv, igi mowmobs imasac, rom axali saferxulo
simRerebi naklebi raodenobiT gamoiTqmis, Zveli ki mTeli
koleqtivisTvis cnobilia da improvizaciisaTvis dros aRar moiTxovs.
434
Миндели Н., Картвелския песни, СМОМПК XIX, отд. II. Тифлис, 1894 г., стр.124..
219
ferxulis meore forma Sedgeba ori paraleluri mwkrivisgan,
romelic simReris tempis Sesabamisad, xan uaxlovdebian erTmaneTs, xan
Sordebian urTierTs (ase agviwers jambakur-orbeliani) `samaias~
Sesrulebisas).
ferxulis orive es forma gulismobs ferxulSi Cabmuli ori
gundis arsebobas (pirobiTi naxevarwre `mrgval~ ferxulSi da ori
paraleluri mwkrivi). am ori gundis `Sebma~ maTi `Sejibri~ an wamyvan
korifeTa simReraSi an uSualod ori gundis monawileobiT saferxulo
simRerebis ZiriTad musikalur qargas qmnis.
primitiul simRera-cekvaSi teqsti roli metad mcire iyo. igi an
improvizacias warmoadgenda, an erTi-ori fraziT Semoifargleboda.
TandaTan gundSi korifes roli wamoiwia. korife gundis maorganizebel
elementad iqca. dasawyisSi gundis roli metad martivi iyo~435.
danarTi 3.
raWuli ferxuli `jamaTa~ Cawerili Cem mier, Sesrulebuli qalTa
folkloruli ansamblis, `mzeTamze~, mier.
Ferxuli iwyeba Sesavali simReriT erTi taqtis ganmavlobaSi da amis
Semdeg iwyebs gundi svlas. Svla iwyeba wreze, marjvena fexiT, marjvniv.
simRera orpirulia. Rva Tvlaze agebuli sacekvao leqsika nawildeba 4
taqtis ganmavlobaSi anu erT taqtSi 2 moZraoba sruldeba. Ppirveli
gundi mReris 4 taqts, meore taqtSi erTveba meore gundi da agrZelebs.
sam taqts mReris da isev me-4 taqtze erTveba pirveli gundi da a.S.
teqsti:
gomeliZe jamaTao, xalxi mogdevs jaraTao,
zurgSi Tofi mogxvedria, sisxli gagdis RvaraTao,
migawvines gverdSiao, celi girtyes ferdSiao,
eg imitom jamaTao, ar gviSvebdi mgzavraTao,
Coxa-nabads wagvarTmevdi, dagvadebdi valaTao.
rogorc teqstidan irkveva, ferxulis personaJia yaCaRi jamaTa, romelic
goris bolos mgzavrebs xvdeboda da Zarcvavda. jamaTas xalxma
samagiero miago _ azRvevina sakuTari sicocxlis fasad.
ferxulis aRwera:
435
220
I taqti _ Tvla 1 _ nabiji marjvniv marjvena fexiT;
Tvla 2 _ nabiji marjvniv marcxena fexiT;
II taqti _ Tvla 3 _ nabiji marjvniv marjvena fexiT;
Tvla 4 _ nabiji marjvniv marcxena fexiT;
III taqti _ Tvla 5 _ nabiji marjvniv marjvena fexiT;
Tvla 6 _ marcxena fexi idgmeba marjvena fexis quslis ukan ceriT,
erTdroulad korpusi trialdeba wris centrisaken;
IV taqti _ Tvla 7 _ marcxena fexiT nabiji marcxniv (idgmeba mTliani
terfi, simZime gadadis marcxena fexze).
Tvla 8 _ marjvena Tavisufldeba da ceriT idgmeba marcxena quslis ukan
iatakze.
moZraoba meordeba kvlav marjvniv, marjvena fexiT. mklavTa mdgomareoba
xelCabmuli, dabla daSvebuli, ferxulis ganmavlobaSi ar icvleba.
221
t e q s t e b i
ტeqsti 1.
Цветков В., Гамис-Тева (Ramis-Teva). _ Сирис-куди (siris-kudi),Кавказ, 1851, №11

mze Sinao, mze Sinao, mzeSi Semodio.
mzisasa da mTvarisasa, mzeSi Semodio.
iagundis maranSia, mzeSi Semodio.
mina dgas da lali sWvirso, mzeSi...
Sig alvis xe amosula, mzeSi Semodio.
iadoni mxarsa Sliso, mzeSi ...
mze dawva da mTvare Soba, mze...
CuÀn vaJi dagvbadebia, mze...
duSmansa qali hgonia, mze...
vaJis mama Sin ar aris, mze...
qalaqs aris akvnisaTÂis, mze...
akvnis iaraRisaTÂis, me (*)436
teqsti 2
Хускивадзе О,СМОМПК, Вып 19,Тифлис, 1894,стр. 176.
gogonebi iwyeben:
Tqven ilias dauxuravs
qudi Savi kravelia;
nikapi gagrZelebia_
cxviri sami mtkavelia. Da a.S.
vaJebis simRera
yoveli Citi budes dgams,
yvela da guguli ara;
me bevri qali minaxavs
SensaviT lamazi ara.
TeTr qoraT gadamaqcia,
Sen wina damabziala;
erT Rames SenTan mamyofa
momkla da ar maziara.
gogonebis simRera
436
Цветков В., Гамис-Тева (Ramis-Teva). _ Сирис-куди (siris-kudi),Кавказ, 1851, №11
222
Sulo, ras ipranWebio,
masras gigavs kanWebio;
aTasi rom gadipranWo
mainc ar wamogyvebio.
vaJebis simRera
pirvelidgan sevda vnaxe,
niad rom TvaliT daginaxe;
Tu siyvaruli ar gqonda
RmerTs movekal ar genaxe.
gogonebis simRera
iasa da vardsa Sua
me yayaCo mikrefia
mag Tqvenis wris biWebSia
me giorgi mirCevnia.
vaJebis simRera
kapasi qalis qmarsao
ra gamoulevs javrsao;
mezoblebs waekideba
Sin dedamTils da rZalsao;
agulianebs qmarsao
gamoiyevi Zmasao,
Tu gaeyofo Zmasao,
maSin vajobebT sxvasao.
qmars samuSevraT gagzavnis,
gamouketavs karsao,
Caicvams da daixuravs,
amTvalierebs sxvasao437.
teqsti 3
Tandilava z.,lazuri xalxuri poezia, gamomc. ,,sabW. aWara,~ baTumi, 1972,
gv. 35.
Toli moni kulani
ma sqaniSi mobTi,
qale, qale, verane,
437
Хускивадзе О,СМОМПК, Вып 19,Тифлис, 1894,стр. 176.
223
ma sqaniSi mobTi.
qalo, mZivis Tvalebav,
me SenTvis var mosuli,
qalo, qalo, genacvale
me SenTvis var mosuli. 438
teqsti 4.
Tandilava z.,lazuri xalxuri poezia, gamomc. ,,sabW. aWara,~ baTumi, 1972,
gv. 130.
wule bozo, soni re?
wule bozo, soni re?
dido, heÁ ar, dido orofoni re,
dido, heÁ ar, dido orofoni re,
guri, guriSi Áeris,
guri, guriSi Áeris,
varen, heÁar, varen, xalali sqani,
varen, heÁar, varen, xalali sqani,
qalwulo, sadauri xar?
Q qalwulo, saduri xar?
Zlier, heÁar, Zlier sayvareli xar.
Zlier, heÁar, Zlier sayvareli xar.
guli sagules ar maqvs,
Gguli sagules ar maqvs,
ar maqvs, heÁar, ar maqvs, Seni Wirime,
ar maqvs, heÁar, ar maqvs, Seni Wirime439.
teqsti 5
`SamSalaxo Salaxo, moglejilo balaxo,
TeTri kaba gacvia, baÃal ar gaatalaxo,
SamSalaxo Salaxo, moglejilo balaxo,
mag baÃala sad migyavs, dagewio, gaglaxo.
an kidev:
,,barSi mivdiodi, barSi, erbo damrCa maranSi,
vincxai naTqvams ver iTxovs, daberdes unda saxlSi440.
438
Tandilava z.,lazuri xalxuri poezia, gamomc. ,,sabW. aWara,~ baTumi, 1972, gv. 35.
439
Tandilava z.,lazuri xalxuri poezia, gamomc. ,,sabW. aWara,~ baTumi, 1972, gv. 130.
224
teqsti 6.
futkaraze T., Salikava m., satrfialo cekvebi TurqeTis qarTul
mosaxleobaSi, S. rusTavelis saxelmwifo universiteti, samxreT-
dasavleT saqarTvelos samecniero-kvleviTi centri, baTumi, 2009,
(krebuli VI), gv. 118.
g u n d i: ia mTazeda, Tovlianzeda,
ia davTese, vardi mosula,
ia koWamde, vardi muxlamde.
irmisa jogi SemoCveula.
netamc eZovnaT, ar gaeqelaT,
siZe-simamri mTas wamosulan.
SexvdaT iremi qorbudiani;
styorcna sasiZom _ mohkla iremi,
styorcna simamrma _ mohkla sasiZo.
m a m a: Svilo, barbare, me ra gaxaro,
saqmro mogikal, Tavs nu moiklav.
q a l i: Sen mama-Cemo, darbaiselo,
Sen Cemi codviT ar maisveno,
roca giTxari, ar gamaTxove,
exla maTxoveb, momikal qmari~441.
teqsti 7.
mame cul-waldio,
gza Cavikafovo,
mame sanTelio,
gza gavinaTlovoo,
mame sakmelio,
gza gavirkvioo,
egeb movnaxovo,
sisxlis wveTio,
egeb movrecxvo
440
futkaraze T., Salikava m., satrfialo cekvebi TurqeTis qarTul mosaxleobaSi, SoTa
kvleviTi centri, baTumi, 2009, (krebuliVI), gv. 118.
441
225
irmis rZiTao,
egeb gavaSroo
niav-qariTao442.
teqsti 8.
`yurZenma Tqva mec xili var
yvela xilze ukeTesi,
TavSi movisxam yurZensa,
boloSi CamoveSvebi,
davmwifdebi, davSavdebi,
damkrefaven gogonebi,
sawnaxelSi Camrekaven,
damwuraven vaJkacebi,
WurSi CamaCuxCuxeben da a.S443.
teqsti 9.
qriste aRsdga, gixarodesT!
madli maxarobelsao.
Cvensa maxarobelsao.
gaixaros yovlma sulma,
Y yovlma sulma sulierma
tye da velma da furcelma
WinWvela folorcisama (folorci-mcenare)
tyeSi rom qali Sevida, imanac gaixarosa.
qriste aRzdga, gixarodesT!..
axa uria, uria, es kaci sadauria?
guSin rom coli mohyavda, es kaci iqauria.
tanTa ecva TeTri Coxa, axaluxi aryanisa, (aryani da
jamfasi_adgilobrivi warmoebis abreSumis qsovili _ x. damCiZe)
aryanisa, atlasisa,
perangi aq jamfasisa,
qudi lilSi SeRebili, gverdze moepompolika,
442
443
226
niavma SeumZriao.
qriste aRzdga, gixarodesT
madli maxarobelsao.
dResaswauli mzes hyvarobs,
da Rrubeli avsa darsa,
avsa darsa, wvimiansa.
bersa qalsa beberasa
axal_gazda mirCevnia.
bersa kacsa beberasa
axal _ yoCa mirCevnia;
mirCevnia, miCevnebia. (mirCevnia unda iyos x. damCiZe)
didsa jursa, carielsa, (Wursa unda iyos x. damCiZe)
patar savse mirCevnia.
qriste aRzdga, gixarodesT!
madli maxarobelsao~444.
teqsti 10.
raeo, Cemo dedao,
qali zis wyarozedao,
uxdeba lurji sartyeli,
im mwvane kabazedao,
biWma Camouseirna,
im mwvane mindorzedao,
biWma Tvali Cauqnia,_
qali gadga ganzedao;
Tavi sTxova, ar aTxova
sayure Semawydebao.
_Sen Cems qmars rogor ar icnob,
xeli daudevs xmalzeda,
dRisiT mizidavsnadirsa,
Ramecvugorav mklavzeda.
444
227
raeo, Cemo dedao, raeo!445
teqsti 11
qarTlis mindorsa vakesa,
mwyerebs ugebdiT maxesa,
SemogveCvia qalai,
mo da mogviSlis maxesa,
qalo, nu gviSli maxesa,
Torem gagiSveb nawyensa.
qarTlis mindorsa vakesa.446
teqsti 12
abakelia n.,simbolo da rituali qarTul kulturaSi; Tb., 1997, gv. 53.
`saxlo, salxinod dadgmulo,
aSenebulo qvisao,
saxlad RmerTma agaSenos,
ar Camoxvide Zirsao!
Cveni maspibZlis maranSi
alvis xe amosuliyo,
TavSi moesxa yurZeni
bolomde gamosruliyo,
misiT damTvrali biWebi
talaxSi amosvriliyo~447.
445
p. beriSvilis mier Cawerili.
446
teqsti aRebulia folkloruli ansamblis `Ziriani~, Sesrulebuli ferxulidan,
xelmZRvaneli T. sxiereli https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=9&v=6FC0Fk51ZdI
447
abakelia n., simbolo da rituali qarTul kulturaSi; Tb., 1997, gv. 53.
228

Disertacia (2)

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Disertacia (2)

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

saqarTvelos SoTa rusTavelis Teatrisa da kinos saxelmwifo

Tbilisi, 0108, saqarTvelo

saxelovnebo mecnierebebis, mediisa da menejmentis fakulteti

dasavleT saqarTvelos sacekvao dialeqtebi

warmodgenilia xelovnebaTmcodneobis doqtoris (PhD) akademiuri

samecniero xelmZRvaneli: ana samsonaZe

saxelovnebo mecnierebebis, mediisa da menejmentis fakulteti

qvedargis kodi 100703

sadoqtoro programa: qoreografiuli xelovnebis istoria da Teoria

avtoris xelmowera --------------

Cven, qvemore xelismomwerni, vadasturebT, rom gavecaniT damCiZe

xelmZRvaneli _ ana samsonaZe _ qoreologi, xelovnebaTmcodneobis

fizikuri pirebis an sxva dawesebulebebis mier, xaTuna damCiZis

avtoris xelmowera _________________

yoveli epoqisTvis, kacobriobis ganviTarebis yoveli safexurisaTvis

3 Chanishvili R., Letters on Choreography, Book I, Tani, Tb. 2002, p.32

Temis aqtualoba: dRes, rodesac msoflio globalizaciis Seuqcevadma

klarjeTSi mogzaurobis dRiurebi.~

„qalwuli~, aTinur sacekvao simRerad miiCnevs138. misive cnobiT

..Savi biWi~, ,,Toli moni~ _ gaSaireba. („Tira-molasa~ da „Toli monis~

sruldeba Wiponze, „qemenCze~ da dolze, Cadgeba mocekvaveTa wreSi (an

megruli sacekvao dialeqti

afxazuri sacekvao dialeqti

213 Аргун А., Неугасающий огонь,` Алашара~, Сухуми, 1982, стр. 9.

221Аншба А, Абхазский фолклор и действительность, `мецниереба,~ Тб., 1982, стр. 49.

raWuli sacekvao dialeqti

rodesac sacekvao dialeqtTa urTierTmimarTebaze vsaubrobT,

lazur-SavSuri da aWaruli sacekvao dialeqtebis

320TaTaraZe a., qarTul cekvaTa ganmartebani, Tb., 1986, gv. 28

328iqve: стр. 166

330iqve: gv. 359

336makalaTia s., samegrelos istoria da eTnografia, saq. mxareTmcodneobis saz., Tb.,

339gvaramaZe l., qarTuli xalxuri qoreografia, `xelovneba~, Tb., 1957, gv. 95

344baqraZe d., arqeologiuri mogzauroba guriasa da aWaraSi (atlasiTurT), baTumi, 1987,

345ZnelaZe r., guruli dialeqtis toponimuri sistema, Tb., 2005, gv. 7

350vaniliSi m., lazeTi, Tb., 1964, gv. 133

354qarTuli xalxuri simReris ostatebi, samegrelo, Zuku lolua, `saqarTvelos macne,~

358 iqve: gv. 78.

360Coxeli s., qarTuli saqorwilo wes-Cveulebebi, Tbilisis universitetis gamomc., Tb,.

362 iqve: gv. 110.

raWuli sacekvao dialeqtis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxi svanur da

raWuli sacekvao dialeqti

433Аргун А., Неугасающий огонь,`Алашара,~ Сухуми, 1982, стр. 11.

Цветков В., Гамис-Тева (Ramis-Teva). _ Сирис-куди (siris-kudi),Кавказ, 1851, №11

You might also like