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PhilLit Reviewer
PhilLit Reviewer
literature is “life” itself for it has in its scope man’s feelings and emotions
Literature defined:
•It is the art of combining spoken or written language and their meaning into forms
which have artistic and emotional appeal.
•It deals with ideas, thoughts and emotions of man.
•It is a faithful reproduction of life.
•It illuminates life.
•It is our life’s story including its struggles, ideas, failures, sacrifices and happiness.
Artistry
Should be well written/ beautifully crafted phrases and sentences/ often
memorized
Universal Appeal
Similar to endurance/ different age, groups, nationalities, culture and beliefs
Permanence
Classic literature that are still enjoyed today/ if a piece of work is not enjoyed
20 years after its publication, it will simply be forgotten.
Intellectual Value
it will help us understand our lives and realize truths about humanity and life in
general
Suggestiveness
Underlying suggestions usually carry an enormous amount of emotional
power
Style
The writer of literature will usually have a unique view of the world
Spiritual Value
underlying moral message
Divisions of Literature
PROSE POETRY
Prose
Prose is a form of language that has no formal metrical structure. It applies a
natural flow of speech / consist of paragraphs
Prose in Literature
1. Prose in Novels
This is usually written in the form of a narrative, and may be entirely a figment
of the author’s imagination.
2. Prose in Speeches
Prose used in speeches often expresses thoughts and ideas of the speaker.
3. Prose in Plays
Prose written in plays aims to be dramatic and eventful
TYPES OF PROSE
1.Prose Drama – a drama or story re-created by actors on stage in front of an
audience.
2.Essay – non-fiction expository writing ranging from informal, personal topics
to closely critical treatment of important subjects.
3.Prose fiction- includes narratives created by an author as distinguished
from true incidents.
a.Novel- a long fictitious narrative with complicated plot.
b.Short story- a fictitious narrative compressed into one unit of time, place
and action.
4. Biography and Autobiography
5.Letter
6.Diary
Elements of Fiction
Types:
a. Round character
Is a dynamic character who recognizes changes in the circumstances.
Is a fully developed character, with many traits-bad and good-shown in the
story
c. Climax – (results of the crisis) part where the problem or crisis is the
highest point of interest.
Plot devices:
a.Flashback - past events are inserted into the current story.
b.Foreshadowing - hints or suggests future events in a story
c.Suspense - Creates attention to the people.
d.Surprise ending - Sudden plot twist or unexpected shift
e. In Media Res - starting a story in the middle of the action
Point of View
–The writer’s feeling and attitude toward his subject
First person Speaker part of the story, can I, me, mine, we, us, our(s)
observe characters, but
reveals feelings and reactions
only of self.
Third person Story told only as one He, him, his, she, her (s), they,
character can observe them, their(s)
Limited Third Person Narrator not part of the story; He, him, his, her(s), they,
cannot read any character’s them, their(s)
mind
Omniscient Narrator/author know all and He, him, his, she, her(s), they,
sees all them, their (s)
Elements of Poetry
1. Sense – is revealed through the meaning of words, images and
symbols.
A. Diction - denotative and conotative
B. Images and sense impression - sight, sound , smell, touch, motion, and
emotion
C. Figures of speech - simile, metaphor, personification etc.
Narrative Poetry
Lyric Poetry
Ode - written in a spirit of praise of some persons or thinghs
Elegy - Poem of death
Song - Has twelve syllables/ uses guitar or banduria
Corridos - Has eight syllables
Sonnet - fourteen lines, ten syllables
Figures of speech
Hyperbole - exaggeration
Genres of Literature
Fantasy - Fiction
Horror - overwhelming
Matatalinhagang Salita