• (a + b)² = (a² + b² + 2ab)

• (a – b)² = (a² + b² – 2ab)

• (a + b)(a – b) = (a² – b²)

• (a + b)² = (a² + b² + 2ab)

• (a³ – b³) = (a – b)(a² + ab + b²)

• (a + b + c)² = a² + b² + c² + 2(ab + bc + ca)

• (a³ + b³) = (a + b)(a² – ab + b²)

• When a + b + c = 0, then a³ + b³ + c³ = 3abc

• (a³ + b³ + c³ – 3abc) = (a + b + c)(a² + b² + c² – ab – bc – ac)

• (a + b)n = an + (nC1)an-1b + (nC2)an-2b² + … + (nCn-1)abn-1 + bn

Number system

• (1² + 2² + 3² + ….. + n²) = n ( n + 1 ) (2n + 1) / 6

• 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + … + n = n(n + 1)/2

• (1³ + 2³ + 3³ + ….. + n³) = (n(n + 1)/ 2)²

• Sum of first n odd numbers = n²

• Sum of first n even numbers = n (n + 1)

Hcf and Lcm

• LCM × HCF = Product of the Numbers

• LCM of Co-prime Numbers = Product Of The Numbers

Profit and loss

• Profit % = Profit/(C P)×100

• Profit/Gain = (S.P.) – (C.P.)

• C P = 100/(100+gain %)×S P

• S P = (100+gain % )/100 ×C P
• Loss % = Loss/(C.P.)×100
 • Loss = (C.P.) – (S.P.)

• C P = 100/(100-loss %)×S P

• S P = (100-loss %)/100×C P

Percentage

Find what percentage of X is Y: Y/X x 100

• Increase N by S% = N(1+S/100)

• Decrease N by S% = N(1 - S/100)

Time speed and distance

• Speed= Distance/ Time

• Distance= Speed x Time

• Time= Distance/ Time

Time and work

• If X can do a piece of work in ‘n’ days, then X’s 1 day’s work= 1/n

• If X’s 1 day’s work= 1/n, then X can finish the work in n days.

Average

Average= Sum of observations/ Number of observations

Simple and Compound Interest Formula

• Simple Interest: P x i x n (P= Principle, i= interest rate and n= term of the

loan)

• Compound Interest:

o Compound Interest = [P(1+i)n] - P

o Compound Interest = P[(1+i)n-1]
 Mathematical Logarithm Formulas

• If n and a are positive real numbers, and a is not equal to 1, then If ax = n,

then log a n = x

• log of 1 to any base is 0 (log b 1 = 0)

• log of any number to base as itself is 1, log a a = 1

• Logarithm of a Product (log a pq = log a p + loga q)

• The logarithm of a Fraction (log a (p/q) = log a p – log a q)

• log a pn = n log a p

• a(log a p) = p

• Base Change Rule of Logarithms: (log a n = log b n × log a b)

Mensuration

• Rectangle

o Area = lb

o Perimeter = 2(l+b)

• Square

o Perimeter = 4a
o Area = a×a

• Triangle

o Area =b×h/2 or √s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)___where s=a+b+c/2

• Cube

o Volume: V = l3

o Surface Area: S = 6s2

o Diagonal (d) = √3l

o Lateral surface area = 4a2

• Circle

o Circumference = 2πr or πd
o Area = πr² or πd²/4
 o Area of a sector of a circle = (θπr² )/360

• Cuboid

o Total surface area = 2 (lb + bh + hl) or 6l2

o Volume of cuboid: lbh

o Length of diagonal =√(l²+b²+h²)

Mixtures and Allegations

If two ingredients are mixed, then

(Quantity of cheaper / Quantity of dearer) = (C.P. of dearer – Mean Price / Mean

price – C.P. of cheaper)

Coordinate Geometry

The Distance Between two Points A and B:

• AB² = (Bx – Ax)² + (By – Ay)²

The Midpoint of a Line Joining Two Points

The midpoint of the line joining the points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) is:

• [½(x1 + x2), ½(y1 + y2)]

The Equation of a Line Using One Point and the Gradient

The equation of a line which has gradient m and which passes through the point

(x1, y1) is:

• y – y1 = m(x – x1)