[PTE Helper] Intensive Pronunciation - Student Book

STUDENT BOOK
Intensive Pronunciation
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CONTENTS
LESSON 1: / ɪ / - /i:/ ....................................................................................................... 3
LESSON 2: /ʊ/ - /uː/........................................................................................................ 7
LESSON 3: /ə/ - /ɜː/ - /ʌ/ ............................................................................................... 11
LESSON 4: /ɑː/ - /ɔː/ - /ɒ/ ............................................................................................. 15
LESSON 5: /e/ - /æ/ ...................................................................................................... 19
LESSON 6: VOWEL REVIEW ...................................................................................... 23
LESSON 7: DIPHTHONGS .......................................................................................... 25
LESSON 8: STRESS, RHYTHM & INTONATION ........................................................ 29
LESSON 9: /t/ - /d/ ........................................................................................................ 33
LESSON 10: /p/ - /b/ & /k/ - /g/ ..................................................................................... 37
LESSON 11: /f/ - /v/ & /θ/ - /ð/ ...................................................................................... 42
LESSON 12: /s/ - /z/ & /ʃ/ - /ʒ/....................................................................................... 47
LESSON 13: /tʃ/ - /dʒ/ ................................................................................................... 52
LESSON 14: /m/ - /n/ - /ŋ/ ............................................................................................ 56
LESSON 15: /r/ - /l/ - /w/ - /j/ - /h/ ................................................................................. 61
LESSON 16: REVIEW .................................................................................................. 66
ANSWER KEYS ............................................................................................................. 4
2
LESSON 1: / ɪ / - /i:/
1. Minimal Pairs: /ɪ/ vs /i:/
/ɪ/ /i:/
it eat
sit seat
rid read
ship sheep
chip cheap
2. Aural Practice:
Same/Different Drill
Exercise 1: Listen and write:
'S1' if the sounds are the SAME with the /ɪ/ sound
'S2' if they are the SAME with the /i:/ sound
'D' if they are DIFFERENT. If they are different, number the sounds that you hear.
/ɪ/ = 1; /i:/ = 2
1. leave – feel ______ 6. bin – live ______

2. sit – peel ______ 7. see – milk ______
3. meal – till ______ 8. neat – pitch ______
4. eat – bean ______ 9. fit – dig ______
5. slip – zip ______ 10. dean – pin ______
3
3. Oral Practice:
Exercise 2: Simple Sound Maze
Exercise 3:
Describe
the image.
4
HOMEWORK
Practice 1. Listen and repeat. (Track 1a)
1. The /ɪ/ sound
give six gift list
gift list
give me six
six pieces of pizza
Give me six pieces of pizza in the gift list.
2. The /i:/ sound
people need keep green clean
people need
people need to keep
people need to keep green tea clean
People need to keep green tea clean, please.
3. The /ɪ/ and /i:/ sounds
a. busy, give, free, tea
→ I'm busy today.
→ I'm busy today, but I'll give you a call.
→ I'm busy today, but I'll give you a call when I'm free for tea.
b. listen, me, give, green, tea
→ Listen to me.
→ Listen to me when I give you.
→ Listen to me when I give you the green tea.
c. people, repeat, mistake, three
→ People often repeat.
→ People often repeat the same mistakes.
→ People often repeat the same mistakes three times.
d. please, meet, me, dinner, we, eat, three, pieces, pizza.
→ Please meet me at dinner.
→ Please meet me at dinner and we can eat.
→ Please meet me at dinner and we can eat three pieces of pizza.
5
Practice 2. Play track 1a again. Listen and read along. (Track 1a)
Practice 3. Listen and identify the words that contain the /ɪ/ and /i:/ sounds in
each sentence below. Then practice reading these words alone, in phrases and
sentences. (Track 1b)
1. Fill it with chips.
2. A tick bit my hip so I’m ill.
3. Please leave the scene after you each eat.
4. There are heaps of eels swimming deep at the beach.
5. I grin when I find green beans in the sale bin.
6. I need to sit in the seat, because my feet do not fit in this shoe.
6
LESSON 2: /ʊ/ - /uː/
1. Minimal Pairs: /ʊ/ vs /uː/
/ʊ/ /uː/
pull pool
full fool
foot food
soot suit
wood wooed
2. Aural Practice:
Exercise 1: Odd Ones Out Drill
1. Which two of the following words do not contain /u:/?
❖ hood - shoe - who - through - could - true - knew – rude
❖ balloon - stool - bullet - group - recruit - canoe - wooden - cruise
2. Which two of the following words do not contain /ʊ/?

❖ look - book - chew - good - new - foot - cook - took
❖ prove - woman - sugar - doing - during - jury - stood - cushion
3. Oral Practice:
Exercise 2: Practice the /ʊ/ sound
1. My bag’s full.
2. He would if he could.
3. It should be good wool.
4. The woman took a good look at the wolf.
5. Look at the cookbook for a good pudding.
7
Exercise 3: Practice the /uː/ sound
1. Are you doing anything on Tuesday?
2. You must chew your food.
3. He proved he knew the truth.
4. The group flew to New York in June.
5. Who ruined my new blue shoes?
Exercise 4: Tongue Twisters

1. He too, took two looks.
2. He stood on a spoon and looked at the moon.
3. The woodpeckers at the zoo used wool for their room.
8
HOMEWORK
1. The /ʊ/ sound
woman could cook good pudding
the woman
the woman could cook
the woman could cook a good
The woman could cook a good pudding.
2. The /uː/ sound
June choose cool boot moving
in June
in June I choose
in June I choose a cool boot
In June I choose a cool boot for moving.
3. The /ʊ/ and /uː/ sounds
a. moon, balloon, flew, pool
→ The huge moon balloon
→ The huge moon balloon flew
→ The huge moon balloon flew over the pool.
b. could, put, sugar, into, fruit, juice
→ I could put
→ I could put sugar into the
→ I could put sugar into the fruit juice.
c. group, tourist, look, book, took, souvenir
→ The group of tourists.
→ The group of tourists looked at the course book.
→ The group of tourists looked at the course book and took a souvenir.
d. shoot, should, cool, roof, to, cookie
→ After the shoot
→ After the shoot, they should find a cool spot
→ After the shoot, they should find a cool spot under the roof to eat cookie.
9
Practice 3. Listen and identify the words that contain the /ʊ/ and /uː/ sounds in the
text below. Then practice reading these words alone, in phrases and sentences.
(Track 2b)
While wearing my favorite blue shoes, I could smell the aroma of good food coming
from the school's cafeteria, where they would serve a delicious cookie after a full meal,
and I wondered if I should put my book away and join my friends at the table, but I
would have to lose track of time, and the due date for my assignment was approaching,
so I decided to stay focused, pull my hoodie over my head, and continue studying,
listening to soothing music in the background.
10
LESSON 3: /ə/ - /ɜː/ - /ʌ/
1. Sounds in Contrast: /ə/ - /ɜː/ - /ʌ/
/ə/ about, alone, wonder, doctor, happen
/ɜː/ bird, girl, hurt, first, learn
/ʌ/ run, sun, up, cup, duck
2. Aural Practice:
Exercise 1: Categorizing
Listen to the teacher and put the words you hear into the correct column.
center cut purple jump under
lunch different favorite much circle
heard culture world picture perfect
/ə/ /ɜː/ /ʌ/
3. Oral Practice:
Exercise 2: Read aloud
a picture
so much fun
the art center
different cultures
my favorite painting
a world of creativity
culture under one roof
the run of the sun today
jump and have some fun
11
Exercise 3: Let’s role-play
Person A: I need to buy a picture frame for my favorite painting.
Person B: Go see the art center.
Person A: That's a good idea. I've heard they display different cultures too. I wonder
if they have any purple paintings.
Person B: You should go and take a look. It might be a perfect match.
Person A: I will.
Person B: Truly, it's a world of creativity and culture under one roof.
Person A: By the way, have you seen the run of the sun today? It's so much fun!
Person B: I saw it during lunch. I even saw a duck in the pond nearby.
Person A: That sounds like a great place to jump and have some fun.
12
HOMEWORK
1. The /ə/ sound
clever computer teacher alone sister
the clever
the clever computer teacher
the clever computer teacher is alone
The clever computer teacher is alone with her sister.
2. The /ɜː/ sound
girl hurt herself perfect purple
birthday
the girl hurt
the girl hurt herself when cutting
the girl hurt herself when cutting the perfect
The girl hurt herself when cutting the perfect purple birthday cake.
3. The /ʌ/ sound
love running fun lunch sunny
they love running around
they love running around, playing fun games
they love running around, playing fun games, and enjoying a picnic lunch
They love running around, playing fun games, and enjoying a picnic lunch on
sunny days.
4. The /ə/ - /ɜː/ - /ʌ/ sounds
a. served, perfect, a, burger, lunch
→ She served
→ She served a perfect burger
→ She served a perfect burger for lunch.
b. a, must, brush, after, crust, of, the, butter
→ It’s a must
→ It’s a must to brush your teeth
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→ It’s a must to brush your teeth after eating the crust
→ It’s a must to brush your teeth after eating the crust of the butter cookie.
c. workers, rush, the, church, learn, about, culture, of, community
→ The workers rush
→ The workers rush to the church
→ The workers rush to the church to learn about the culture
→ The workers rush to the church to learn about the culture of the local
community.
d. club, members, Thursday, discuss, the, upcoming, journey
→ The club members
→ The club members meet every Thursday evening
→ The club members meet every Thursday evening to discuss the upcoming
journey.
Practice 3. Listen and identify the words that contain the /ə/ - /ɜː/ - /ʌ/ sounds in
the text below. Then practice reading these words alone, in phrases and
1. Don’t complain about the problem.
2. She has learnt German for thirteen months.
3. The mother won some of the money, but not enough.
4. He is too young to be in love at first sight with the girl he saw at the circus.
5. She needs to complete today’s lesson and clean up the dust under the rug.
6. The surface was covered in slush which hindered the search for the lost treasure.
14
LESSON 4: /ɑː/ - /ɔː/ - /ɒ/
1. Sounds in Contrast: /ɑː/ - /ɔː/ - /ɒ/
/ɑː/ cot, fox, tot, spot, shot
/ɒ/ cot, fox, tot, spot, shot
/ɒ/ cot, fox, tot, spot, shot

/ɔː/ caught, fork, taught, sport, short
2. Aural Practice:
Task 1: Listen to the teacher and decide whether the following words are
pronounced with the /ɑː/ or /ɒ/ sounds by putting a (✓) in the correct column.
/ɑː/ /ɒ/
hot
got
problem
doctor
holiday
pronounced with the /ɒ/ or /ɔː/ sounds by putting a (✓) in the correct column.
/ɒ/ /ɔː/
bought
office
before
morning
job
15
pronounced with the /ɑː/ or /ɔː/ sounds by putting a (✓) in the correct column.
/ɑː/ /ɔː/
start
alarm
north
all
August
3. Oral Practice:
Work in groups and identify the words that contain the following sounds, then read
aloud.
❖ The /ɑː/ sound: Park the car but not too far from the bar.
❖ The /ɒ/ sound: Have you got a lot of shopping?
❖ The /ɔː/ sound: I walked to the store and bought some pork.
❖ The /ɔː/ and /ɑː/ sounds: I thought the bald guard in the garden was awkward.
❖ The /ɒ/ and /ɔː/ sounds: Rock jumping is not a popular sport.
❖ The /ɒ/ and /ɑː/ sounds: I took my dog for a long walk in the park.
16
HOMEWORK
1. The /ɑː/ sound
after basketball park laugh hard
after school
after school, they play basketball
after school, they play basketball in the park
After school, they play basketball in the park and laugh so hard.
2. The /ɒ/ sound
hot chocolate coffee pot cost lot
the hot chocolate
the hot chocolate in the coffee pot
The hot chocolate in the coffee pot cost me a lot.
3. The /ɔː/ sound
long walk thought law talked daughter
after a long walk
after a long walk, we thought about the law
After a long walk, we thought about the law, and talked about our daughter.
4. The /ɑː/ - /ɒ/ - /ɔː/ sounds
a. awesome, concert, saw, knowledge, perform
→ He had an awesome time
→ He had an awesome time at the concert, where he saw
→ He had an awesome time at the concert, where he saw his favorite band,
'The Knowledge Seekers,' perform.
b. farmer, hard, vast, harvesting, crops, casting, soft, on
→ The farmer worked hard in the vast field
→ The farmer worked hard in the vast field, harvesting crops
→ The farmer worked hard in the vast field, harvesting crops, casting a soft
glow on the land.
c. large, hospital, was, awe, modern, architecture, gardens
→ The large hospital complex
17
→ The large hospital complex was an awe-inspiring sight
→ The large hospital complex was an awe-inspiring sight, with its modern
architecture and gardens.
d. fall, knowledge, lots, of, projects, rocket, launches, robotics
→ In the fall, the school's knowledge
→ In the fall, the school's knowledge fair showed lots of projects
→ In the fall, the school's knowledge fair showed lots of projects, from rocket
launches to robotics.
Practice 3. Listen and identify the words that contain the /ɑː/ - /ɒ/ - /ɔː/ sounds in
1. I was born in March and I am fond of shopping and jogging.
2. I have an important job interview tomorrow, so please don’t lock the door.
3. All the stores open in the morning when it is still foggy.
4. I thought I won the lottery, but I only won an adorable toy model.
5. You need to stay calm and follow the logic of the argument that lasts until dawn.
6. At the start of the concert, the guitarist played a brilliant solo that wowed the
audience.
18
LESSON 5: /e/ - /æ/
1. Minimal Pairs: /e/ - /æ/
/e/ /æ/
bed bad
men man
said sad
merry marry
blend bland
2. Aural Practice:
Exercise 1: Pronunciation Journey
There are 4 words to be read aloud. Each time a word is read aloud, you have to
identify whether to turn right or left by identifying the correct sound in the word.
The first person to get the destination correct is the winner.
Turn Left  when hearing /e/ Turn Right → when hearing /æ/
19
3. Oral Practice:
Exercise 2: Practice the /e/ sound
1. The chef sells fresh bread.
2. She said the best desk is red.
3. Eleven elephants elegantly entered the elevator.
Exercise 3: Practice the /æ/ sound
1. He can't stand that brand.
2. A cat sat on a mat and had a nap.
3. Cats can't catch bats, but bats can catch cats.
Exercise 4: Dialogues
DIALOGUE 1
Student 1: Get a pet, Pat.
Student 2: Alan, I’ve got a pet. I’ve got a cat!
Student 1: That terrible black cat outside?
Student 2: Terrible?
Student 1: That smelly cat?
Student 2: Alice is an elegant cat.
Student 1: Mm. Well, perhaps that cat at the back isn’t Alice.
DIALOGUE 2
Student 1: I bet you can't guess what I have in my bag.
Student 2: Is it an apple or an egg?
Student 1: It's an egg! Well done!
Student 2: I'm glad I guessed right!
20
HOMEWORK
1. The /e/ sound
Ted met best friend went test bell
Ted met
Ted met his best friend
Ted met his best friend and they went
Ted met his best friend and they went to test the bell.
2. The /æ/ sound
can example bad habit
can you give me
can you give me an example
Can you give me an example of a bad habit?
3. The /e/ - /æ/ sounds
a. happy, help, friends, task
→ She's always happy
→ She's always happy to help her friends
→ She's always happy to help her friends with their tasks.
b. Megan, talented, actress, incredible, presence
→ Megan is a talented actress
→ Megan is a talented actress, known for her incredible
→ Megan is a talented actress, known for her incredible stage presence.
c. has, great, impact, attractive, brand, celebration
→ He has a great impact on the
→ He has a great impact on the attractive brand celebration.
21
d. Alice, mad, at, special, challenge, that, experts, set, January
→ Alice was mad at
→ Alice was mad at the special challenge
→ Alice was mad at the special challenge that the experts set
→ Alice was mad at the special challenge that the experts set for her in
January.
Practice 3. Listen and identify the words that contain the /e/ - /æ/ sounds in the
(Track 5b)
1. Check if the member is ready.
2. It’s best to rest, said the vet to the pet.
3. My dad had a ladder in the backyard.
4. The habitat is full of bats, paths, sand and trash.
5. Many men have hats on their heads.
6. Can Sam measure cash in that black bag?
22
LESSON 6: VOWEL REVIEW
Exercise 1: Watch the mouth position and put the vowel in the correct order.
a. 1. /ɪ/ 2. /iː/ Correct Order: __________
b. 1. /ʊ/ 2. /uː/ Correct Order: __________
c. 1. /e/ 2. /æ/ Correct Order: __________
d. 1. /ə/ 2. /ɜː/ 3. /ʌ/ Correct Order: __________
e. 1. /ɑː/ 2. /ɔː/ 3. /ɒ/ Correct Order: __________
Exercise 2: Circle the correct vowel(s) that you hear. There may be more than one
correct vowel you hear.
A B
1. /ɪ/ /iː/ 1. /ʊ/ - /uː/
2. /ɪ/ /iː/ 2. /ʊ/ - /uː/
3. /ɪ/ /iː/ 3. /ʊ/ - /uː/
4. /ɪ/ /iː/ 4. /ʊ/ - /uː/
C D
1. /e/ - /æ/ 1. /ə/ /ɜː/ /ʌ/
2. /e/ - /æ/ 2. /ə/ /ɜː/ /ʌ/
3. /e/ - /æ/ 3. /ə/ /ɜː/ /ʌ/
4. /e/ - /æ/ 4. /ə/ /ɜː/ /ʌ/
E
1. /ɑː/ /ɔː/ /ɒ/
2. /ɑː/ /ɔː/ /ɒ/
3. /ɑː/ /ɔː/ /ɒ/
4. /ɑː/ /ɔː/ /ɒ/
23
Exercise 3: Read aloud.
He had a dream. He wanted to reach the stars. He believed that a degree was the
solution. Since childhood, he had included the world in his dreams. One day, he spread
the news. People were aware of his dream. They mentioned potential damage, but he
trusted his plan. The community offered services and marketing support. He explored
apart from the familiar. He never forgot his childhood dream.
24
LESSON 7: DIPHTHONGS
1. Sounds in Contrast: /eɪ/ - /ɪə/ - /eə/ - /ʊə/ - /əʊ/ - /ɔɪ/ - /aɪ/ - /aʊ/
There are eight different diphthongs in the English language. They are:
/eɪ/: train, say, plane
/ɪə/: ear, here, fear
/eə/: hair, there, care
/ʊə/: poor, sure, tourist
/əʊ/: coat, low, show
/ɔɪ/: boy, join, oil
/aɪ/: by, high, fine
/aʊ/: now, our, house
2. Aural Practice:
Exercise 1: Unlock the passcode.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
/eɪ/ /ɪə/ /eə/ /ʊə/ /əʊ/ /ɔɪ/ /aɪ/ /aʊ/
1. ___________________
2. ___________________
3. ___________________
4. ___________________
25
3. Oral Practice:
Exercise 2: Read aloud individual words.
1. /eɪ/: rate – race – base – place – take – same
2. /ɪə/: fear – near – tear – clear – steer – appear
3. /eə/: air – chair – fair – stare – rare – scare
4. /ʊə/: pure – sure – tour – mature – moor - jury
5. /əʊ/: role – bone – phone – stone – close – note
6. /ɔɪ/: noise – voice – poison – join – coin – boil
7. /aɪ/: ride – nice – ice – life – smile – quite
8. /aʊ/: how – cow – now – allow – brown – down
Exercise 3: Read aloud the sentences.

1. She wanted to rate the movie, but it was in the same place as the race.
2. I had a fear of flying, but I overcame it when I appeared near the tear in the sky.
3. The fair is in the air, and there's a rare chance to win a stuffed animal.
4. After the tour, she was sure that the wine was pure and mature.
5. As a writer, his role is to visit remote areas, try local foods and take notes.
6. The noise from the party was so loud, and it hurt my voice.
7. It's nice to take a bike ride along the riverside.
8. How do you milk a cow, and can you do it now?
26
HOMEWORK
1. The /eɪ/ sound
take break play favorite game
he wanted to take a break and
He wanted to take a break and play his favorite video game.
2. The /ɪə/ sound
engineer hear deer near pier
the engineer could
the engineer could hear the deer
The engineer could hear the deer near the pier.
3. The /eə/ sound
pair stares share fare
the pair stared at each other
The pair stares at each other and decides to share the fare.
4. The /ʊə/ sound
tourists unsure poor
the tourists were unsure
the tourists were unsure about the pure beauty of
The tourists were unsure about the pure beauty of the poor countryside.
5. The /əʊ/ sound
chose go grocery closed
she chose to go to
she chose to go to the grocery store
She chose to go to the grocery store before it closed.
6. The /ɔɪ/ sound
joyful boy enjoys noisy toy
the joyful boy enjoys playing
The joyful boy enjoys playing with his noisy toy.
27
7. The /aɪ/ sound
while trying tie kite child cry
while he was trying
while he was trying to tie his kite
While he was trying to tie his kite, he heard a child's cry.
8. The /aʊ/ sound
how about allowing brown couch
how about allowing us
How about allowing us to sit in the brown couch.
Practice 3. Listen and identify the words that contain the diphthongs in the text
below. Then practice reading these words alone, in phrases and sentences. (Track
7b)
1. The waiter served a delicious tray of pastries, making the bakery's offerings a
daily delight.
2. She had a weird fear of spiders, but she enjoyed a visit to the fair, which was a
fun place to be.
3. The moorland stretched out in every direction, and its mature beauty impressed
everyone.
4. The rainbow painted the sky with bright colors, appearing after the rainstorm that
left her in joy.
5. The hiker found an ancient coin on the trail and cried with joy when she saw the
surprise.
6. How about we allow them to join the fun, and go for a swim in the bay to enjoy
the sunny day?
28
LESSON 8: STRESS, RHYTHM &
INTONATION
I. Understanding Stress
In English,
Every word is made of one or more syllables. For example, the word “eat” has 1
syllable, while the word “kitchen” has 2 syllables, and the word “potato” has 3 syllables.
We do not sound every syllable at the same length and loudness. Syllables that sound
longer and louder are called stressed syllables. Syllables that sound shorter and softer
are called unstressed syllables.
Stressed syllables also have a smooth “curve” in their intonation pattern, which means
you should raise your pitch a little bit, just as you are about to sound that syllable, and
lower your pitch right after finishing. For example, in the word “potato” /pəˈteɪtəʊ/, which
has 3 syllables, the syllable “ta” /teɪ/ is stressed:
While speaking the first syllable “po” /pə/, you should keep your pitch flatter or a bit
lower than your normal pitch. While transitioning to the second syllable, “ta” /ˈteɪ/, raise
your pitch gradually, then lower your pitch gradually at the end of the sound /eɪ/,
and connects to the last syllable “to” /təʊ/, which should also sound flatter or a bit lower
than the stressed syllable “ta” /ˈteɪ/.
Listen to (Track 8a) for a better understanding.
(Track 8b) shows how we speak the word “potato” at a normal speed.
(Track 8c) shows how we speak the word “potato” in a simple sentence at a normal
speed.
Remember to GRADUALLY raise and lower your pitch, avoiding steep patterns as it
would make you sound disfluent or not smooth, as illustrated below:
29
The table below summarizes and compares the main traits between stressed and
unstressed syllables:
Stressed syllables Unstressed syllables
Symbol
Length of
sound
Intonation
(pitch)
Energy
(volume)
Symbolized in
this lesson as
1. Aural Practice
Exercise 1: Identifying stressed syllables. (Track 8d)
You will hear ten 2-syllable words. Write 1 if the stress is on the 1st syllable, and
write 2 if the stress is on the 2nd syllable.
1. apple ___ 6. carpet ___
2. begin ___ 7. contrast ___
3. happy ___ 8. pivot ___
4. agree ___ 9. desert ___
5. deserve ___ 10. dessert ___
30
2. Oral Practice
Exercise 2: Listen and repeat. (Track 8e)
1. da-DA-da-DA-da 7. da-DA-da-da-DA 13. da-da-DA
2. da-DA-da 8. da-DA-da 14. da-DA-DA
3. da-DA 9. da-DA 15. da-DA-DA-da-da
4. da-da-DA 10. DA-da 16. da-DA-da-DA-da
5. DA-DA 11. DA-da-da 17. DA-da-DA
6. da 12. da-DA-da-DA
Common mistakes:
1. Making each syllable separate → The syllables should all flow into each other. Forward
flow and the linking together of sounds are very important.
2. Making syllables the same length → Chances are, you need to make your unstressed
syllables even shorter. Try it: how fast can you make it? da, da, da.
3. Aural and Oral Practice

Exercise 3. Listen, repeat, then write down what you heard. (Track 8f)
You’ll hear 10 different rhythmic patterns. Identify which pattern you’re hearing
on ‘da’, for example, da-DA. Write your answers down.
1. ____________ 6. ____________
2. ____________ 7. ____________
3. ____________ 8. ____________
4. ____________ 9. ____________
5. ____________ 10. ____________
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II. Word stress and sentence stress
Now that you know about rhythm and intonation and how they relate to stressed and
unstressed syllables, we will take a look at how these patterns relate to real words and
phrases.
Let’s take a look at the pattern da-DA. This is the stress pattern of words like “again”,
“relate”, or “hello”. It’s also the stress pattern for phrases like “I do” or “They’re here”.
Another example:
da-DA-da is the pattern for the words “computer”, “example”, “another”. It’s also the
stress pattern for phrases like “I want it”, “I need it”, “I saw you”, and “You know it”.
The flow, stress, intonation while reading single, multi-syllable words should be exactly
the same as reading a phrase consisting of several single-syllable words. After all, a 3-
syllable word and a phrase which has three 1-syllable words are both made up of 3
syllables. In the case of reading phrases, the stress should be put on the
words/syllables that deliver the speaker’s intention, emphasis, or main idea, and they
are called content words. For more information on content words, see Appendix A.
Aural Practice & Oral Practice
Exercise 4. Three-syllable Words and Phrases (Track 8g)
You’ll hear the three different stress patterns for three-syllable words and phrases, then
an example word and phrase for each. The phrases should feel the same as the words:
connected and flowing together. The stressed syllable is higher in pitch—with the up
and down shape—and more fully pronounced. The other syllables either lead up to or
fall away from it.
1. da-DA-da: example – I saw you
2. da-da-DA: recommend - I don’t know
3. DA-da-da: yesterday - stay with me
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LESSON 9: /t/ - /d/
1. Minimal Pairs: /t/ - /d/
/t/ /d/
too do
tip dip
town down
team deem
tusk dusk
2. Aural Practice:
Exercise 1: Sound Recognition
Listen and circle the sound that you hear.
a. /t/ /d/
b. /t/ /d/
c. /t/ /d/
d. /t/ /d/
e. /t/ /d/
Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks.

Listen and fill in the blanks with the sounds /t/ or /d/ that you hear.
a. I put up a __ent for our camping trip, but it got a __ent during a storm.
b. He __ug a hole in the garden, and then a playful dog gave a __ug on his pant
leg.
c. As the sun set at __usk, the elephant's long __usk gleamed in the fading light.
d. She opened the __ab and hailed a __ab to take her to the airport.
e. He hummed a __une while walking across the sandy __une.
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3. Oral Practice:
Exercise 3: Phonetic Transcriptions
Read the phonetic transcriptions below aloud, then practice substituting the /t/
sound with the /d/ sound.
/tɪ/ /tiː/ /tʊ/ /tuː/ /tə/ /tɜː/ /tʌ/ /tɑː/ /tɔː/ /tɒ/ /te/ /tæ/
/teɪ/ /tɪə/ /teə/ /tʊə/ /təʊ/ /tɔɪ/ /taɪ/ /taʊ/
Take the tea tray to the table.

Try teaming up with Tim.
Tom and Time topped the table.
Twelve twins twirled twelve twigs.
Tom twisted and twitched.
Twice we tripped toys.
Dip the dipper in the deep well.

Dan and Daisy danced in daylight.
A dozen dim ding-dongs.
How much dew would a dew drop drop, if a new drop did drop dew?
34
HOMEWORK
1. The /t/ sound
Tom takes two taxies to town
talks to teacher today
Tom takes two taxis
Tom takes two taxis to town
Tom takes two taxis to town and talks to
Tom takes two taxis to town and talks to his teacher today.
2. The /d/ sound
dogs dig deep dirt delighting
discovering diary
Dogs dig deep
Dogs dig deep in the dirt
Dogs dig deep in the dirt, delighting in
Dogs dig deep in the dirt, delighting in discovering the diary.
3. The /t/ - /d/ sounds
a. teacher, directed, discussion, toward, difficult, topic
→ The teacher directed
→ The teacher directed the discussion toward
→ The teacher directed the discussion toward the difficult topic.
b. diligent, diligently, tackled, daunting, tasks
→ Diligent students
→ Diligent students diligently tackled
→ Diligent students diligently tackled their daunting tasks.
c. tired, doctor, tiptoed, towards, delicate, display
→ The tired doctor
→ The tired doctor tiptoed towards
→ The tired doctor tiptoed towards the delicate display.
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d. talented, dancer, determined, dance, during, tournament
→ The talented dancer
→ The talented dancer is determined to dance
→ The talented dancer is determined to dance during the tournament.
Practice 3. Listen and identify the words that contain the /t/ - /d/ sounds in the text
9b)
1. The tiny toddler tried to tidy the toys.
2. During the day, they decided to take a trip to the beach.
3. The doctor taught the technique to treat the dental issue.
4. The daring diver dove deep into the dark waters.
5. During the discussion, they debated the topic intensely.
6. The teacher told a tale of dragons and diverse topics.
Practice 4. Guess the phonetic transcriptions below and write down their
corresponding words. Those words can be found in Practice 3.
1. /tɔɪ/ = …………………. 10. /dɪˈsaɪdɪd/ = …………. 19. /ɪnˈtensli/ = …………….
2. /ˈdʊrɪŋ/ = ……………. 11. /dɑːrk/ = ………………. 20. /ˈtɑːdlər/ = …………….
3. /deɪ/ = …………………. 12. /dɪˈskʌʃn/ = ……………. 21. /ˈderɪŋ/ = ……………….
4. /ˈtaɪni/ = ………………. 13. /ˈtiːtʃər/ = ………………. 22. /diːp/ = ………………….
5. /ˈdɑːktər/ = ……………. 14. /ˈdentl/ = ………………. 23. /təʊld/ = ……………….
6. /tɔːt/ = …………………. 15. /dɪˈbeɪtɪd/ = ……………. 24. /ˈtaɪdi/ = ……………….
7. /tekˈniːk/ = ……………. 16. /ˈtɑːpɪk/ = ………………. 25. /teɪl/ = ………………….
8. /dʌv/ = ….……………. 17. /teɪk/ = …………………. 26. /ˈdræɡən/ = …………….
9. /daɪˈvɜːrs/ = …………. 18. /ˈdaɪvər/ = …………….
36
LESSON 10: /p/ - /b/ & /k/ - /g/
The /p/ - /b/ sounds
1. Minimal Pairs: /p/ - /b/
/p/ /b/
pig big
pie bye
pet bet
pay bay
port bought
2. Aural Practice:
Exercise 1: Identify Incorrect Words
Listen and underline the words that are pronounced differently from the
recording. (Track 10a)
The pig wanted a slice of pie, but it was taken by someone else. It sat pie the table,
ready to pay for it. A bear of friends made a bet on who could finish their pie first. The
pill in the pin was for the poor dog's illness. They bought a new base for the race. A bat
flew by as someone enjoyed a juicy pear and a cold pier. The belt kept the pants snug
while taking a pit of the pie. They played outside, tossing a ball back and forth.
37
3. Oral Practice:
Read the phonetic transcriptions below aloud, then practice substituting the /t/
sound with the /d/ sound.
/pɪ/ /piː/ /pʊ/ /puː/ /pə/ /pɜː/ /pʌ/ /pɑː/ /pɔː/ /pɒ/ /pe/ /pæ/
/peɪ/ /pɪə/ /peə/ /pʊə/ /pəʊ/ /pɔɪ/ /paɪ/ /paʊ/
/bɪ/ /biː/ /bʊ/ /buː/ /bə/ /bɜː/ /bʌ/ /bɑː/ /bɔː/ /bɒ/ /be/ /bæ/
/beɪ/ /bɪə/ /beə/ /bʊə/ /bəʊ/ /bɔɪ/ /baɪ/ /baʊ/
Buy pie pans before you buy butter pieces.
38
The /k/ - /g/ sounds
1. Minimal Pairs: /k/ - /g/
/k/ /g/
cot got
cap gap
came game
cold gold
could good
2. Aural Practice:
recording. (Track 10b)
During art class, the card could sense the excitement brewing among the students. The
teacher cave a demonstration on how to create intricate designs using clue as the
medium. Of course, the challenge was to craft unique pieces that would earn them a
passing grade. The glass aimed to graduate with flying colors. Everyone was clad to
experiment, each finding their unique path in the colorful world of art.
3. Oral Practice:
Big Ben bought a bag of bumpy peanuts, while Katie kept kicking colorful kites, giggling
gladly.
39
HOMEWORK
Practice 1. Listen and repeat. (Track 10c)
1. The /b/ sound
Betty bought but butter bitter better
Betty bought butter
Betty bought butter but the butter was bitter
Betty bought butter but the butter was bitter, so Betty bought better butter
Betty bought butter but the butter was bitter, so Betty bought better butter
to make the bitter butter better.
2. The /p/ sound
Parker Penn picked pebbles pond played piano
Parker Penn picked
Parker Penn picked the pebbles in the pond
Parker Penn picked the pebbles in the pond and played the piano.
3. The /k/ sound
Carl collected colorful candies kitchen cupboard
Carl collected
Carl collected colorful candies
Carl collected colorful candies in his kitchen cupboard.
4. The /g/ sound
Greg guided giggling garden gathering grapes
Greg guided giggling kids
Greg guided giggling kids through the garden
Greg guided giggling kids through the garden, gathering grapes.
5. The /b/ - /p/ sounds
Ben, baked, blueberry, pie, before, playing, basketball, picked, puppy, pet
Ben baked blueberry pie
Ben baked blueberry pie before playing basketball
Ben baked blueberry pie before playing basketball, and picked up a puppy
Ben baked blueberry pie before playing basketball, and picked up a puppy
at the pet shop.
40
6. The /k/ - /g/ sounds
Kevin, eagerly, grabbed, crispy, golden, cookies, kitchen
→ Kevin eagerly grabbed
→ Kevin eagerly grabbed the crispy golden cookies
→ Kevin eagerly grabbed the crispy golden cookies from the kitchen.
7. The /b/ - /p/ - /k/ - /g/ sounds
Brian, picked, plump, blackberries, baking, batch, pies, carefully, garnished, golden,
crumbles
→ Brian picked plump blackberries,
→ Brian picked plump blackberries, baking a batch of delicious pies
→ Brian picked plump blackberries, baking a batch of delicious pies,
carefully garnished with golden crumbles.
Practice 2. Play track 10c again. Listen and read along. (Track 10c)
Practice 3. Listen and identify the words that contain the /b/ - /p/ - /k/ - /g/ sounds
in the text below. Then practice reading these words alone, in phrases and
sentences. (Track 10d)
Ben bought a bunch of bright balloons, preparing a playful party at the park. People
poured in, picking perfect spots, kids eagerly grabbing popcorn and giggling as they
played. Guitars strummed, creating gentle tunes, while groups gathered, chatting and
giggling. Games commenced, with kids chasing each other, giddy with excitement.
1. /ˈpɜːrfɪkt/ = ………………. 8. /kəˈmenst/ = …………….
2. /ˈɡræbɪŋ/ = ……………… 9. /kriˈeɪtɪŋ/ = ……………….
3. /braɪt/ = …………………. 10. /ˈpɑːrti/ = ……………….
4. /pɑːrk/ = …………………. 11. /bɔːt/ = ……………….
5. /ˈiːɡərli/ = ………………. 12. /ɡɪˈtɑːr/ = ……………….
6. /prɪˈperɪŋ/ = ……………. 13. /ˈɡɪdi/ = ………………..
7. /bəˈluːn/ = ……………….
41
LESSON 11: /f/ - /v/ & /θ/ - /ð/
The /f/ - /v/ sounds
1. Minimal Pairs: /f/ - /v/
T introduces, explains, and contrasts the two sounds: /f/ - /v/
T has Ss mimic the mouth positions related to each sound.
T calls on Ss randomly to read the sound.
/f/ /v/
fan van
fast vast
fine vine
fail veil
ferry very
2. Aural Practice:
Exercise 1: Ordering
Listen to the words and put the sounds in the order that you hear.
1 = /f/ 2 = /v/
a. Correct Order: __________
b. Correct Order: __________
c. Correct Order: __________
d. Correct Order: __________
e.
3. Oral Practice:
Read the phonetic transcriptions below aloud, then practice substituting the /f/
sound with the /v/ sound.
/fɪ/ /fiː/ /fʊ/ /fuː/ /fə/ /fɜː/ /fʌ/ /fɑː/ /fɔː/ /fɒ/ /fe/ /fæ/
/feɪ/ /fɪə/ /feə/ /fʊə/ /fəʊ/ /fɔɪ/ /faɪ/ /faʊ/
42
/vɪ/ /viː/ /vʊ/ /vuː/ /və/ /vɜː/ /vʌ/ /vɑː/ /vɔː/ /vɒ/ /ve/ /væ/
/veɪ/ /vɪə/ /veə/ /vʊə/ /vəʊ/ /vɔɪ/ /vaɪ/ /vaʊ/
Exercise 3: Phoneme and vocabulary booster

Household Part of Animal Verb
items Body
/f/
Health Transport Verb
/v/
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The /θ/ - /ð/ sounds
1. Sounds in Contrast: /θ/ - /ð/
/θ/ thing, thank, author, healthy, nothing
/ð/ the, that, these, either, another
2. Aural Practice:
Listen to a series of words, and decide how many times you hear the /θ/ sound
(Track 11a)
Listen to a series of words, and decide how many times you hear the /ð/ sound
(Track 11b)
3. Oral Practice:
Exercise 2: Running dictation
Circle the correct picture that best describes the sentences that you hear.
1.
A B
2.
A B
44
HOMEWORK
Practice 1. Listen and repeat. (Track 11c)
1. The /f/ sound
Fred found friendly frog flower filled
Farm fishing fish fork
Fred found a friendly frog
Fred found a friendly frog near the flower-filled farm
Fred found a friendly frog near the flower-filled farm, while fishing for fish
with a fork.
2. The /v/ sound
video voice victory volume vehicles value vaccines
The video was about the voice of victory
The video was about the voice of victory, the volume of vehicles
The video was about the voice of victory, the volume of vehicles, and the
value of vaccines.
3. The /f/ - /v/ sounds
five, vivid, violet, flowers, flourished, fence, viewing
→ Five vivid violet flowers
→ Five vivid violet flowers flourished near the fence
→ Five vivid violet flowers flourished near the fence for viewing pleasure.
4. The /θ/ sound
thoughtful thief thoughtlessly threw thread through
threshold
The thoughtful thief
The thoughtful thief thoughtlessly threw the thread
The thoughtful thief thoughtlessly threw the thread through the threshold.
5. The /ð/ sound
brother neither them worthy bothering though
My brother says neither of them
My brother says neither of them is worthy of bothering though.
45
6. The /θ/ - /ð/ sounds
though, they, thought, theatre
→ Though they thought
→ Though they thought the theatre was closed
→ Though they thought the theatre was closed, they found it open.
7. The /f/ - /v/ - /θ/ - /ð/ sounds
though, the, weather, soothing, voiced, dissatisfaction
→ Though the weather was soothing
→ Though the weather was soothing, she voiced her dissatisfaction.
Practice 2. Play track 11c again. Listen and read along. (Track 11c)
Practice 3. Listen and identify the words that contain the /f/ - /v/ - /θ/ - /ð/ sounds
Five friends ventured to a vineyard, where the vines thrived in the foggy valley. Their
fervent voices discussed the valuable views, while a thoughtful fox watched nearby.
Suddenly, a feather floated by, and they found it fascinating. The father's advice,
thoughtful and vivid, guided their ventures in the valley.
1. /faɪv/ = …………………. 8. /vjuː/ = …………………. 15. /ˈfeðər/ = ……………….
2. /frendz/ = ………………. 9. /ðeɪ/ = …………………. 16. /ˈvæljuəbl/ = …………….
3. /ˈvæli/ = …………………. 10. /ˈfɑːɡi/ = ………………. 17. /ˈventʃərd/ = …………….
4. /ðer/ = …………………. 11. /θraɪvd/ = ………………. 18. /ˈθɔːtfl/ = ……………….
5. /fɑːks/ = …………………. 12. /ˈvɪvɪd/ = ………………. 19. /ˈvɪnjərd/ = …………….
6. /ðə/ = …………………. 13. /ˈvæli/ = ………………. 20. /ˈfæsɪneɪtɪŋ/ = ………….
7. /ˈvɔɪsɪz/ = ………………. 14. /ˈfɜːrvənt/ = …………….
46
LESSON 12: /s/ - /z/ & /ʃ/ - /ʒ/
The /s/ - /z/ sounds
1. Minimal Pairs: /s/ - /z/
/s/ /z/
sip zip
sue zoo
bus buzz
rice rise
race raise
2. Aural Practice:
Exercise 1: Join the dots
To find out what the cat is doing, listen to the teacher and connect the dots with
the words that you hear. Some dots may be used twice.
47
3. Oral Practice:
Exercise 2: Read Aloud.
Suzan the zebra went to the zoo. Suzan saw zebras and
snakes. Suzan was surprised to see a sleepy lion and a
zigzag path.
The /ʃ/ - /ʒ/ sounds

1. Sounds in Contrast: /ʃ/ - /ʒ/
/ʃ/ show, shy, sure, nation, fish
/ʒ/ Asia, usual, division, measure, television
2. Aural Practice:
pleasure pressure conclusion anxious ancient
special patient version English equation
condition leisure luxury machine occasion
Key:
/ʃ/ /ʒ/
48
Exercise 2: Phonetic Crossword Puzzle
Listen and fill in the missing sounds that you hear.
1 k l ɪ s t
2 iː ə r
3 t
4 æ t
5 ɪ k ˈs l əʊ n
6 ˈs n
7 iː
8 m ə n
9 ð
3. Oral Practice:
A cyclist enjoys peaceful rides through the countryside. One day, amid ancient trees, a
burst of colors surprises him. Feeling the wind's pressure, he pauses by a calm lake,
appreciating nature's beauty. This leisure brings special pleasure, a cherished condition.
49
HOMEWORK
1. The /s/ sound
sings songs sweetly surrounded smiling supportive
spectators
Sally sings songs sweetly
Sally sings songs sweetly, surrounded by smiling
Sally sings songs sweetly, surrounded by smiling and supportive
spectators.
2. The /z/ sound
cozy zebra dizzy zombie sneeze
In a cozy atmosphere
In a cozy atmosphere, the zebra feels a bit dizzy
In a cozy atmosphere, the zebra feels a bit dizzy and makes a zombie sneeze.
3. The /s/ - /z/ sounds
prize, this, amazing, puzzle, includes, frozen, soup, salads
→ The prize for this amazing puzzle
→ The prize for this amazing puzzle includes a frozen drink
→ The prize for this amazing puzzle includes a frozen drink, soup, and
salads.
4. The /ʃ/ sound
shy sheep show sharp shapes sharing
shiny shells shifting shyly
Shy sheep show sharp shapes
Shy sheep show sharp shapes, sharing shiny shells
Shy sheep show sharp shapes, sharing shiny shells, shifting shadows
shyly.
5. The /ʒ/ sound
occasionally garage casual massage measures vision
conclusion
Occasionally, in the garage
50
Occasionally, in the garage, a casual massage
Occasionally, in the garage, a casual massage measures a vision's
conclusion.
6. The /ʃ/ - /ʒ/ sounds
illusionist, visual, shocks, confusion, insurance, ensures, closure
→ The illusionist's visual tricks
→ The illusionist's visual tricks caused shocks and confusion
→ The illusionist's visual tricks caused shocks and confusion, but insurance
ensures closure.
7. The /s/ - /z/ - /ʃ/ - /ʒ/ sounds
his, ambitious, intention, was, fuse, efficiency, decision, quiz, genre, scoring, zero
→ His ambitious intention was
→ His ambitious intention was to fuse efficiency with decision
→His ambitious intention was to fuse efficiency with decision in the quiz
genre, scoring zero.
In a spacious kitchen, she used efficient machines to prepare delicious cuisine. With
precision, she added spices to enhance the flavor, aiming for perfection. Despite the
pressure, she maintained composure, creating a dish that received zero criticism.
1. /juːzd/ = ……………….. 7. /ɪˈfɪʃnt/ = ……………….. 13. /pərˈfekʃn/ = …………..
2. /spaɪsɪs/ = ……………….. 8. /məˈʃiːnz/ = …………….. 14. /ˈpreʃər/ = ……………..
3. /dɪʃ/ = ………..………….. 9. /dɪˈlɪʃəs/ = ……………….. 15. /kəmˈpəʊʒər/ = …………..
4. /ˈzɪrəʊ/ = ……………….. 10. /kwɪˈziːn/ = …………….. 16. /rɪˈsiːvd/ = ……………….
5. /dɪˈspaɪt/ = …………….. 11. /prɪˈsɪʒn/ = …………….. 17. /ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm/ = ……….…
6. /ˈspeɪʃəs/ = …………….. 12. /ɪnˈhæns/ = ……………..
51
LESSON 13: /tʃ/ - /dʒ/
1. Minimal Pairs: /tʃ/ - /dʒ/
/tʃ/ /dʒ/
cheap jeep
cherry jerry
chunk junk
rich ridge
search surge
2. Aural Practice:
Listen to the teacher and decide whether the following words are pronounced
with the /tʃ/ or /dʒ/ sounds by putting a (✓) in the correct column.
/tʃ/ /dʒ/
catch
religion
huge
job
future
adjust
choose
question
bridge
3. Oral Practice:
Exercise 2: Sound Starters
a. The children chased each other, laughing and enjoying
the adventure.
52
b. The magician adjusted his jacket and began his
magic show.
c. John chose to change her orange jacket to match

the judge's badge.
d. The chirping birds dodged the branches as they

journeyed through the jungle.
53
HOMEWORK
1. The /tʃ/ sound
lecture culture teacher natural cherished
centuries
In the lecture on culture
In the lecture on culture, the teacher discussed natural elements
In the lecture on culture, the teacher discussed natural elements cherished
through centuries.
2. The /dʒ/ sound
large stage village gentle danger geology
The large stage in the village
The large stage in the village hides a gentle danger
The large stage in the village hides a gentle danger due to geology.
3. The /tʃ/ and /dʒ/ sounds
a. gigantic, challenge, energetic, damage, search
→ The gigantic challenge
→ The gigantic challenge caused energetic damage
→ The gigantic challenge caused energetic damage, prompting a search for
solutions.
b. each, marriage, procedure, managing, disadvantages, much
→ Each marriage requires
→ Each marriage requires careful procedure; managing disadvantages
→ Each marriage requires careful procedure; managing disadvantages
ensures much wealth.
c. actually, checking, age, wages, generates, rich, advantages, general,
generation
→ Actually, checking age and wages
→ Actually, checking age and wages generates rich advantages
→ Actually, checking age and wages generates rich advantages for the
general generation.
54
d. chief, charged, soldier, genuine, suggestion, graduation
→ The chief charged the soldier
→ The chief charged the soldier with a genuine suggestion
→ The chief charged the soldier with a genuine suggestion after his
graduation.
Practice 3. Listen and identify the words that contain the /tʃ/ and /dʒ/ sounds in
In June, at the graduation stage, the gem of her education shone brightly. Her ginger
hair caught everyone's attention as she joked about geography. She had a talent for
literature and pictured herself hosting a show on a TV channel. Her love for chocolate
was well-known, a nurturing pleasure regardless of the temperature outside.
1. /dʒuːn/= ………………….. 8. /dʒiˈɑːɡrəfi/ = …………………..
2. /ˈtʃænl/ = ………………….. 9. /ˌɡrædʒuˈeɪʃn/ = …………………..
3. /dʒəʊkt/ = ………………….. 10. /ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃn/ = …………………..
4. /steɪdʒ/ = ………………….. 11. /ˈlɪtrətʃər/ = …………………..
5. /dʒem/ = ………………….. 12. /ˈtʃɔːklət/ = …………………..
6. /ˈdʒɪndʒər/ = ………………….. 13. /ˈnɜːrtʃərɪŋ/ = …………………..
7. /ˈpɪktʃərd/ = ………………….. 14. /ˈtemprətʃər/ = …………………..
55
LESSON 14: /m/ - /n/ - /ŋ/
1. Sounds in Contrast: /m/ - /n/ - /ŋ/
/m/ my, milk, time, hammer, empty
/n/ nail, nice, know, funny, number
/ŋ/ sing, long, bank, monkey, anger
2. Aural Practice:
Once there was a nan named Tom who loved playing games on his foam. One sunny
day, he received a call while enjoying an ice cream comb. The caller said Tom had won
a gain contest. Excited, Tom listened as the caller explained the turns to claim his prize.
It all seemed too good to be true.
As time passed, Tom started feeling uneasy. Something didn’t seen right. He felt a pan
of doubt. When the caller asked for personal information, alarm bells ran in Tom's mind.
He realized it might be a scam!
Quickly handing up, Tom realized he’d avoided a scam. He sighed with relief, grateful
he hadn’t shared his details. Lesson learned, he chuckled to himself, enjoying the sun
on his skim. He decided to sin a happy tune, grateful for the lucky escape and knowing
that sometimes, being cautious leads to a different kind of wing.
56
3. Oral Practice:
a. A sunny morning is perfect for a refreshing swim in the ocean.
b. The camera captured the scene at the summit.
c. The banner hung proudly in the bright morning sky.
d. The plumber fixed the leaky pipe in our home last autumn.
e. His dream to conquer the summit fueled his momentum to climb.
f. Connect with nature by spending time at home this summer.
g. The knowledge of grammar is essential for language learning.
h. The innocent winner of the game received an immense trophy.
i. During summer, the drummer's rhythm echoed in the immense hall.
Exercise 3: Sound-based Pictionary Game

Word List
/m/ /n/ /ŋ/
camp ant drink
tomorrow knowledge think
family friend single
remember nose uncle
moon nurse strong
mountain note young
monkey net hungry
company candle wrong
diamond window singer
column connect sink
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HOMEWORK
Practice 1. Listen and repeat. (Track 14b)
1. The /m/ sound
committee condemn program
The committee will discuss how
The committee will discuss how to condemn the corrupt program.
examination curriculum assessment program

The examination was part of the
The examination was part of the curriculum's assessment program.
2. The /n/ sound
numerous novel nourish nation innovative network
The numerous novel ideas nourish
The numerous novel ideas nourish the nation's innovative network.
now international criminal notice negotiate nuclear
Now, the international criminal must
Now, the international criminal must notice and negotiate the nuclear deal.
3. The /ŋ/ sound
tranquil banquet congress conquer tongues
In the tranquil banquet hall
In the tranquil banquet hall, the congress aimed to
In the tranquil banquet hall, the congress aimed to conquer with articulate
tongues.
emerging bungalow England extinguish congruently
Emerging from the bungalow in England
Emerging from the bungalow in England, they sought to extinguish the fire
Emerging from the bungalow in England, they sought to extinguish the fire,
acting congruently.
58
4. The /m/, /n/, and /ŋ/ sounds
a. ancient, monument, stands, stunning, landscape
→ The ancient monument stands tall
→ The ancient monument stands tall, overlooking the stunning landscape.
b. in, long, run, learning, pronounce, new, improves, fluency
→ In the long run
→ In the long run, learning to pronounce
→ In the long run, learning to pronounce new words improves fluency.
c. engineer, strong, mechanism, using, innovative, methods
→ The engineer designed
→ The engineer designed a strong mechanism
→ The engineer designed a strong mechanism using innovative methods.
d. Max, made, many, memories, managing, magnificent, mountainous
→ Max made many memories managing
→ Max made many memories managing the magnificent mountainous
region.
Practice 2. Play track 14b again. Listen and read along. (Track 14b)
Practice 3. Listen and identify the words that contain the /m/, /n/, and /ŋ/ sounds
sentences. (Track 14c)
1. The Royal Institution is an organization that has been around for 209 years. Many of
the people that have worked here have been scientists themselves, including Michael
Faraday. He made the discoveries that may be generating a using electricity much
easier, making it possible for us all to switch on lights, cook for dinner, play games
consoles much more.
2. Scientists have identified the maximum mix of heat and humidity a human body can
survive. Even a healthy young person will die after enduring six hours of 35-degree
Celsius warmth when coupled with 100 percent humidity, but new research shows that
threshold could be significantly lower.
59
Practice 4. Listen and write down the missing sounds in each phonetic
transcription below, then write down their corresponding words. (Track 14d)
1. /___eɪd/ = ………………………... 8. /ˌɔːrɡə___əˈzeɪʃn/ = …………………...
2. /ˈ___æksɪ___ə___/ = ………………... 9. /___eɪ/ = ………………………...
3. /___ɪks/ = ………………………... 10. /jʌ___/ = ………………………...
4. /ðə___ˈselvz/ = ……………………... 11. /ˈsaɪə___tɪst/ = ……………………...
5. /ɪ___ˈkluːdɪ___/ = …………………... 12. /aɪˈde___tɪfaɪ/ = …………………...
6. /hjuːˈ___ɪdəti/ = ……………………... 13. /ˈhjuː___ən/ = ………………………...
7. /ˈdʒe___əreɪtɪ___/ = ………………... 14. /sɪɡˈ___ɪfɪkə___tli/ = ……………...
60
LESSON 15: /r/ - /l/ - /w/ - /j/ - /h/
1. Sounds in Contrast: /r/ - /l/ - /w/ - /j/ - /h/
/r/ right, very, rabbit, program, three
/l/ light, lay, pilot, black, slap
/w/ wait, one, when, forward, sway
/j/ yes, young, beyond, unit, union
/h/ how, who, human, behind, behave
2. Aural Practice:
Tom is a very lung boy who loves to learn new things. Yesterday, he vent to a fun fair
with his family. There, he saw a giant Ferris wheel, reaching a great kite in the sky. He
was fascinated by now it turned. While peeling through a coal in the fence, he
accidentally bumped his rip. His mom quickly wiped it with a vet tissue to keep it clean.
Tom kept holding his dad's hand tightly while exploring. Later, they went to a picnic. His
parents enjoyed a glass of wine while Tom wore his red west to stay warm. Suddenly,
they heard about a small climb on the news. Tom's dad explained why it's wary
important never to harm others. Tom nodded, eager to yearn more about good deeds
and keeping safe.
61
4. Oral Practice:
Exercise 2: Tongue Twister
1. Local yokel jokes.
Yes Jack, I’m joking with you.
2. Higher roller
High roller.
Low roller.
Lower a roller.
3. A lump of red lead, a red lead lump.
4. Red lorries run alongside the left road.
5. While we were walking, we were watching window washers wash Washington’s

windows with warm washing water.
62
HOMEWORK
Practice 1. Listen and repeat. (Track 15b)
1. The /r/ sound
raising arrow right reason praise admiration
Raising the arrow, he aimed right
Raising the arrow, he aimed right, a reason for praise and admiration.
2. The /l/ sound
lectures learn explore analyze facilitates collaboration
Students attend lectures to learn
Students attend lectures to learn, explore, and analyze subjects
Students attend lectures to learn, explore, and analyze subjects, which facilitates
collaboration.
3. The /w/ sound
wisely well worldwide always witness persuasive
Wisely applying teamwork in
Wisely applying teamwork in well-written worldwide projects
Wisely applying teamwork in well-written worldwide projects will always
witness persuasive outcomes.
4. The /j/ sound
yesterday youngster New York used your yard university
Yesterday, a youngster
Yesterday, a youngster from New York used your yard
Yesterday, a youngster from New York used your yard at the university.
5. The /h/ sound
highly historians human behavior heritage health
Highly honored historians
Highly honored historians study human behavior, heritage
Highly honored historians study human behavior, heritage, and the hourly
rhythms affecting health.
63
6. The /r/, /l/, /w/, /j/, /h/ sounds
a. young, generation, huge, hardship, war, well-being, resources
→ The young generation faced
→ The young generation faced huge hardship during the war
→ The young generation faced huge hardship during the war, impacting well-
being and resources.
b. history, scholars, analyze, values, rural, youth, world
→ Studying cultural history
→ Studying cultural history, scholars analyze how values
→ Studying cultural history, scholars analyze how values shape rural youth's
world view.
c. political, revolution, workers, worth, literature, relationships, humor
→ During the political revolution
→ During the political revolution, the workers found worth in literature
→ During the political revolution, the workers found worth in literature,
cherishing relationships and humor.
d. researching, environmental, biology, young, woman, explored, worldwide,
union, website
→ Researching environmental biology
→ Researching environmental biology, a young woman explored
→ Researching environmental biology, a young woman explored worldwide
union through a website.
Practice 2. Play track 15b again. Listen and read along. (Track 15b)
Practice 3. Listen and identify the words that contain the /r/, /l/, /w/, /j/, /h/ sounds
1. An industry or workplace often has its own terms for certain items, places, or groups
of people, and university is no different. Here we have attempted to explain some of the
terms you may come across on our websites that are specific to higher education.
64
2. The natural environment can be hazardous, and, with increased travel and leisure,
people today are more likely than ever to be exposed to life-threatening conditions.
Although the human body can adjust to some extent, it cannot cope with poisons or
prolonged exposure to extremes of environment.
1. /ˈ___aɪər/ = …………………… 10. /ˈdɪf___ənt/ = ……………………
2. /___ɪθ/ = …………………… 11. /ˈ___ebsaɪt/ = ……………………
3. /əˈk___ɔːs/ = …………………… 12. /ˈ___ɜːrkp___eɪs/= …………………
4. /ˈ___aɪk___i/ = …………………… 13. /ˈnætʃ___əl/ = ……………………
5. /ˈ___iːʒər/ = …………………… 14. /ɪnˈvaɪ___ənmənt/ = …………………
6. /ˈp___eɪsɪs/ = …………………… 15. /ˈ___æzərdəs/ = ……………………
7. /ˈ___juːmən/ = …………………… 16. /ɪnˈk___iːst/ = ……………………
8. /ɪkˈsp___eɪn/ = …………………… 17. /ˈθ___etnɪŋ/ = ……………………
9. /ˌ___uːnɪˈvɜːrsəti/ = …………………… 18. /p___əˈlɔːŋd/ = ……………………
65
LESSON 16: REVIEW
Exercise 1: Stress Patterns in Short Phrases
Match the following phrases with the suitable stress patterns. Write the correct
number next to each phrase.
= stressed = unstressed
E.g. I think so. →
1. I like it. → ____ 12. It’s cold and wet. → ____

2. What was his name? → ____ 13. You’ve met them. → ____
3. What’s the time? → ____ 14. Come and look. → ____
4. A piece of cake. → ____ 15. She saw us. → ____
5. He told me. → ____ 16. Where are you from? → ____
6. Don’t break it. → ____ 17. Come and see us. → ____
7. Close the door. → ____ 18. Try to call me. → ____
8. Where do you live? → ____ 19. Pleased to meet you. → ____
9. Give me a call. → ____ 20. Phone and tell me. → ____
10. It’s time to go. → ____ 21. John rang us. → ____
11. The shop was closed. → ____ 22. The bus is late. → ____
“_________” words are stressed and _________ or “_________” words are unstressed
66
Exercise 2: Sound Awareness
1. a. /t/ b. /d/
2. a. /p/ b. /b/
3. a. /k/ b. /g/
4. a. /v/ b. /f/
5. a. /θ/ b. /ð/
6. a. /z/ b. /s/
7. a. /ʃ/ b. /ʒ/
8. a. /tʃ/ b. /dʒ/
9. a. /m/ b. /n/ c. /ŋ/
10. a. /w/ b. /r/ c. /j/
Listen and circle the correct phonetic transcription that you hear.
11. a. /pen/ b. /pæn/
12. a. /friː/ b. /θriː/
13. a. /deɪ/ b. /ðeɪ/
14. a. /bɪˈliːf/ b. /bɪˈliːv/
15. a. /pɔːrd/ b. /bɔːrd/
16. a. /əˈraɪv/ b. /əˈlaɪv/
17. a. /vaɪn/ b. /waɪn/
18. a. /bæŋk/ b. /bæŋ/
19. a. /tʃuːz/ b. /ʃuːz/
20. a. /dʒəʊk/ b. /jəʊk/
1
Exercise 3: Battleships
Rules:
1. Draw two ships on your map making sure that nobody sees where you have put
your ships. You may put your ships inside any square where there is sea (white
on the map). Your ships must not cross a line into another square.
2. Work in pairs. The object of the game is to guess where the other player has put
the ships and bomb them.
3. To do this, decide which square to bomb and make a word out of the sounds at
the side of the map. For example, if the square you want to bomb is in the
column with the sound /t/ and the row /i:/, say tea.
4. If the square that you bomb contains a ship, the other player must say hit. If the
square that you bomb is next to a square with a ship in it (including diagonally),
the other player must say near.
5. Players take turns to bomb each other’s ships and the first person to hit both of
the other player’s ships is the winner.
6. A player whose ship is being bombed may challenge the other player to spell the
word that he or she is saying; if the other player is unable to spell the word, he or
she misses a turn.
2
Exercise 4: Phonetic Code
Example:
juice rain page
1 2 1,2
1 = …………
2 = …………
The young woman decided to go to the sunny country with a big bag full
5 2 3 1 5 56 1 1 24
of quality grass and delicious carrots for her rabbit.
46 1 34 6
Secret Code: ………………………………
Thank you
3
APPENDIX
Answer Keys
LESSON 1: /ɪ/ - /i:/
Exercise 1: Listen and write:
'S1' if the sounds are the SAME with the /ɪ/ sound
'S2' if they are the SAME with the /i:/ sound
'D' if they are DIFFERENT. If they are different, number the sounds that you hear.
/ɪ/ = 1; /i:/ = 2
1. leave – feel S2 6. bin - live S1
2. sit - peel D1-2 7. see - milk D2-1
3. meal - till D2-1 8. neat - pitch D2-1
4. eat - bean S2 9. fit - dig S1
5. slip - zip S1 10. dean – pin D2-1
Exercise 2: Simple Sound Maze (20 minutes)
The correct path is:
tea – these – meat – meet – complete – need – eat – sheep – scene – TV – feel –
seat – read – please – street – me – sea – cheap – feet – bean – teach – tree – east
- meal
List of words that contain the /ɪ/ sound: this, fit, ship, it, fill, sit, sin
Exercise 3: Describe the image. (20 minutes)

The sentence: “She is sitting beside the tree, at the beach, watching the scene of
ships, reading a book, and happily eating cheap chips.”
4
HOMEWORK
Practice 3. Listen and identify the words that contain the /ɪ/ and /i:/ sounds in
each sentence below. Then practice reading these words alone, in phrases and
1. Fill it with chips.
2. A tick bit my hip so I’m ill.
3. Please leave the scene after you each eat.
4. There are heaps of eels swimming deep at the beach.
5. I grin when I find green beans in the sale bin.
6. I need to sit in the seat, because my feet do not fit in this shoe.
5
LESSON 2: /ʊ/ - /uː/
Exercise 1: Odd Ones Out Drill
1. Which two of the following words do not contain /u:/?
❖ hood - shoe - who - through - could - true - knew – rude
❖ balloon - stool - bullet - group - recruit - canoe - wooden - cruise
2. Which two of the following words do not contain /ʊ/?

❖ look - book - chew - good - new - foot - cook - took
❖ prove - woman - sugar - doing - during - jury - stood - cushion
Exercise 2: Practice the /ʊ/ sound (15 minutes)

1. My bag’s full. /maɪ bæɡz fʊl/
2. He would if he could. /hi wʊd ɪf hi kʊd/
3. It should be good wool. /ɪt ʃʊd bi gʊd wʊl/
4. The woman took a good look at the wolf. /ðə 'wʊmən tʊk ə gʊd lʊk ət ðə wʊlf/
5. Look at the cookbook for a good pudding. /lʊk ət ðə 'kʊkbʊk fɔːr ə gʊd 'pʊdɪŋ/
Exercise 3: Practice the /uː/ sound (15 minutes)
1. Are you doing anything on Tuesday? /ɑːr juː 'duːɪŋ 'eniθɪŋ ɒn ˈtuːzdeɪ/
2. You must chew your food. /juː mʌst tʃuː jɔːr fuːd/
3. He proved he knew the truth. /hi pruːvd hi nuː ðə truːθ/
4. The group flew to New York in June. /ðə gruːp fluː tuː njuː jɔːrk ɪn dʒuːn/
5. Who ruined my new blue shoes? /wuː 'ruːɪnd maɪ njuː bluː ʃuːz/
Exercise 4: Tongue Twisters (15 minutes)
1. He too, took two looks. /hiː tuː, tʊk tuː lʊks/
2. He stood on a spoon and looked at the moon. /hiː stʊd ɒn ə spuːn ænd lʊkt æt
ðə muːn/
3. The woodpeckers at the zoo used wool for their room. /ðə ˈwʊdpekər æt ðə zuː
juːzd wʊl fɔː(r) ðeə(r) ruːm/rʊm/
6
HOMEWORK
Practice 3. Listen and identify the words that contain the /ʊ/ and /uː/ sounds in the
(Track 2b)
While wearing my favorite blue shoes, I could smell the aroma of good food coming
from the school's cafeteria, where they would serve a delicious cookie after a full
meal, and I wondered if I should put my book away and join my friends at the table,
but I would have to lose track of time, and the due date for my assignment was
approaching, so I decided to stay focused, pull my hoodie over my head, and continue
studying, listening to soothing music in the background.
7
LESSON 3: /ə/ - /ɜː/ - /ʌ/
/ə/ /ɜː/ /ʌ/
center heard lunch

picture perfect cut
culture world jump
favorite purple much
different circle under
HOMEWORK
Practice 3. Listen and identify the words that contain the /ə/ - /ɜː/ - /ʌ/ sounds in
1. Don’t complain about the problem.
2. She has learnt German for thirteen months.
3. The mother won some of the money, but not enough.
4. He is too young to be in love at first sight with the girl he saw at the circus.
5. She needs to complete today’s lesson and clean up the dust under the rug.
6. The surface was covered in slush which hindered the search for the lost
treasure
8
LESSON 4: /ɑː/ - /ɔː/ - /ɒ/
pronounced with the /ɑː/ or /ɒ/ sounds by putting a (✔) in the correct column.
/ɑː/ /ɒ/
hot ✔
got ✔
problem ✔
doctor ✔
holiday ✔
pronounced with the /ɒ/ or /ɔː/ sounds by putting a (✔) in the correct column.
/ɒ/ /ɔː/
bought ✔
office ✔
before ✔
morning ✔
job ✔
9
pronounced with the /ɑː/ or /ɔː/ sounds by putting a (✔) in the correct column.
/ɑː/ /ɔː/
start ✔
alarm ✔
north ✔
all ✔
August ✔

❖ The /ɑː/ sound: Park the car but not too far from the bar.
/pɑːrk/ /kɑːr/ /fɑːr/ /frɒm/-/frɑːm/ /bɑːr/
❖ The /ɒ/ sound: Have you got a lot of shopping?
/gɒt/-/ɡɑːt/ /lɒt/-/lɑːt/ /ˈʃɒpɪŋ/-/ˈʃɑːpɪŋ/
❖ The /ɔː/ sound: I walked to the store and bought some pork.
/wɔːk/ /stɔːr/ /bɔːt/ /pɔːrk/
❖ The /ɔː/ and /ɑː/ sounds: I thought the bald guard in the garden was awkward.
/θɔːt/ /bɔːld/ /ɡɑːrd/ /ˈɡɑːrdn/ /ˈɔːkwərd/
❖ The /ɒ/ and /ɔː/ sounds: Rock jumping is not a popular sport.
/rɒk/- /rɑːk/ /nɒt/- /nɑːt/ /ˈpɒpjələ(r)/- /ˈpɑːpjələr/ /spɔːrt/
❖ The /ɒ/ and /ɑː/ sounds: I took my dog for a long walk in the park.
/dɒɡ/-/dɔːɡ/ /lɒŋ/-/lɔːŋ/ /wɔːk//pɑːrk/
10
HOMEWORK
Practice 3. Listen and identify the words that contain the /ɑː/ - /ɒ/ - /ɔː/ sounds in
1. I was born in March and I am fond of shopping and jogging.
2. I have an important job interview tomorrow, so please don’t lock the door.
3. All the stores open in the morning when it is still foggy.
4. I thought I won the lottery, but I only won an adorable toy model.
5. You need to stay calm and follow the logic of the argument that lasts until
dawn.
6. At the start of the concert, the guitarist played a brilliant solo that wowed the
audience.
11
LESSON 5: /e/ - /æ/
Exercise 1: Pronunciation Journey
There are 4 words to be read aloud. Each time a word is read aloud, you have to
identify whether to turn right or left by identifying the correct sound in the word.
The first person to get the destination correct is the winner.
List of words:
1) Head /hed/ -> Had /hæd/ -> Pass /pæs/ -> Pest /pest/ -> Cape Town
2) Bread /bred/ ->Send /send/ ->Sand /sænd/ ->Staff /stæf/ -> New York
3) Track /træk/ ->Edge /edʒ/ ->Plant /plænt/ ->Stamp /stæmp/ ->Tokyo
4) Splash /splæʃ/ ->Instead /ɪnˈsted/ ->Chemistry /ˈkemɪstri/ ->Happiness
/ˈhæpinəs/ ->Paris
5) Panic /ˈpænɪk/ ->Handle /ˈhændl/ ->Lesson /ˈlesn/ ->Excellent /ˈeksələnt/ -
>Mexico City
6) Education /ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃn/ ->Photograph /ˈfəʊtəɡræf/ ->Incredible /ɪnˈkredəbl/ -
>Animal /ˈænɪml/ ->Cairo
HOMEWORK
Practice 3. Identify the words that contain the /e/ - /æ/ sounds in the text below.
Then practice reading these words alone, in phrases and sentences. (Track 5b)
1. Check if the member is ready.
2. It’s best to rest, said the vet to the pet.
3. My dad had a ladder in the backyard.
4. The habitat is full of bats, paths, sand and trash.
5. Many men have hats on their heads.
6. Can Sam measure cash in that black bag?
12
LESSON 6: Vowel Review
Exercise 1: Watch the mouth position and put the vowel in the correct order. (25
minutes)
a. 2 - 1
b. 1 - 2
c. 1 - 2
d. 2 - 1 - 3
e. 1 - 3 - 2
Exercise 2: Circle the correct vowel(s) that you hear. There may be more than one
correct vowel you hear. (20 minutes)
A D
/ɪ/ little /ʌ/ trust
/iː/ reach /ə/ community
/ɪ/ /iː/ believe /ɜː/ world
/ɪ/ /iː/ degree /ɜː/ service
B E
/uː/ rule /ɑː/ marketing
/uː/ solution /ɔː/ explore
/ʊ/ childhood /ɑː/ apart
/uː/ include /ɒ/ forgot
C
/e/ spread
/æ/ travel
/e/ aware
/æ/ damage
13
LESSON 7: Diphthongs
Exercise 1: Unlock the passcode.
1. out (8) – toy (6) – pure (4) – rain (1) – peer (2) – rare (3) – throw (5) – shine (7) -
>86412357
2. cheer (2) – tour (4) – time (7) – mouth (8) – joy (6) – know (5) – bear (3) – play (1) -
>24786531
3. care (3) – stay (1) – house (8) – go (5) – beer (2) – destroy (6) – mature (4) – line (7) -
>31852647
4. pay (1) – endure (4) – kite (7) – so (5) – here (2) – doubt (8) – employ (6) – share (3) -
>14752863
HOMEWORK
Practice 3. Listen and identify the words that contain the diphthongs in the text
7b)
1. The waiter served a delicious tray of pastries, making the bakery's offerings a
daily delight.
2. She had a weird fear of spiders, but she enjoyed a visit to the fair, which was a
fun place to be.
3. The moorland stretched out in every direction, and its mature beauty
impressed everyone.
4. The rainbow painted the sky with bright colors, appearing after the rainstorm
that left her in joy.
5. The hiker found an ancient coin on the trail and cried with joy when she saw
the surprise.
6. How about we allow them to join the fun, and go for a swim in the bay to enjoy
the sunny day?
14
LESSON 8: Stress, Rhythm & Intonation
I. Understanding Stress
Stressed syllables Unstressed syllables
Symbol ˈ No symbol
Length of Longer Shorter
sound
Intonation Gradually raised and Maintained flatter or lower than
(pitch) lowered the stressed syllable
Energy Louder, very clear Softer, less clear
(volume)
Symbolized in DA da
this lesson as
Exercise 1: Identifying stressed syllables. (Track 8d)

You will hear ten 2-syllable words. Write 1 if the stress is on the 1st syllable, and
write 2 if the stress is on the 2nd syllable.
1. apple 1 6. carpet 1
2. begin 2 7. contrast 1
3. happy 1 8. pivot 1
4. agree 2 9. desert 1
5. deserve 2 10. dessert 2
Exercise 3. Listen, repeat, then write down what you heard. (Track 8f)
You’ll hear 10 different rhythmic patterns. Identify which pattern you’re hearing
on ‘da’, for example, da-DA. Write your answers down.
1. da-DA-da-DA-da 6. da-DA-DA-da-da
2. DA-da 7. da-DA
3. da 8. da-DA-da
4. da-Da-da-DA 9. da-da-DA
5. DA-DA 10. DA-da-DA
15
LESSON 9: /t/ - /d/
1. Aural Practice: (15 minutes)
a. die ->/d/
b. tart ->/t/
c. tangle ->/t/
d. doze ->/d/
e. tomb ->/t/
Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks.
Listen and fill in the blanks with the sounds /t/ or /d/ that you hear.
a. I put up a tent for our camping trip, but it got a dent during a storm.
b. He dug a hole in the garden, and then a playful dog gave a tug on his pant leg.
c. As the sun set at dusk, the elephant's long tusk gleamed in the fading light.
d. She opened the tab and hailed a cab to take her to the airport.
e. He hummed a tune while walking across the sandy dune.
16
HOMEWORK
Practice 3. Listen and identify the words that contain the /t/ - /d/ sounds in the text
9b)
1. The tiny toddler tried to tidy the toys.
2. During the day, they decided to take a trip to the beach.
3. The doctor taught the technique to treat the dental issue.
4. The daring diver dove deep into the dark waters.
5. During the discussion, they debated the topic intensely.
6. The teacher told a tale of dragons and diverse topics.
1. /tɔɪ/ = toy 10. /dɪˈsaɪdɪd/ = decided 19. /ɪnˈtensli/ = intensively
2. /ˈdʊrɪŋ/ = during 11. /dɑːrk/ = dark 20. /ˈtɑːdlər/ = toddler
3. /deɪ/ = day 12. /dɪˈskʌʃn/ = discussion 21. /ˈderɪŋ/ = daring
4. /ˈtaɪni/ = tiny 13. /ˈtiːtʃər/ = teacher 22. /diːp/ = deep
5. /ˈdɑːktər/ = doctor 14. /ˈdentl/ = dental 23. /təʊld/ = told
6. /tɔːt/ = taught 15. /dɪˈbeɪtɪd/ = debated 24. /ˈtaɪdi/ = tidy
7. /tekˈniːk/ = technique 16. /ˈtɑːpɪk/ = topic 25. /teɪl/ = tale
8. /dʌv/ = dove 17. /teɪk/ = take 26. /ˈdræɡən/ = dragon
9. /daɪˈvɜːrs/ = diverse 18. /ˈdaɪvər/ = diver
17
LESSON 10: /p/ - /b/ & /k/ - /g/
The /p/ - /b/ sounds
The pig wanted a slice of pie, but it was taken by someone else. It sat by the table,
ready to pay for it. A pair of friends made a bet on who could finish their pie first. The
pill in the bin was for the poor dog's illness. They bought a new pace for the race. A bat
flew by as someone enjoyed a juicy pear and a cold beer. The belt kept the pants snug
while taking a bit of the pie. They played outside, tossing a ball back and forth.
The /k/ - /g/ sounds
recording. (Track 10b)
During art class, the guard could sense the excitement brewing among the students.
The teacher gave a demonstration on how to create intricate designs using glue as the
medium. Of course, the challenge was to craft unique pieces that would earn them a
passing grade. The class aimed to graduate with flying colors. Everyone was glad to
experiment, each finding their unique path in the colorful world of art.
18
HOMEWORK
Practice 3. Listen and identify the words that contain the /b/ - /p/ - /k/ - /g/ sounds
Ben bought a bunch of bright balloons, preparing a playful party at the park.
People poured in, picking perfect spots, kids eagerly grabbing popcorn and
giggling as they played. Guitars strummed, creating gentle tunes, while groups
gathered, chatting and giggling. Games commenced, with kids chasing each other,
giddy with excitement.
1. /ˈpɜːrfɪkt/ = perfect 6. /prɪˈperɪŋ/ = preparing 10. /ˈpɑːrti/ = party

2. /ˈɡræbɪŋ/ = grabbing 7. /bəˈluːn/ = balloon 11. /bɔːt/ = bought
3. /braɪt/ = bright 8. /kəˈmenst/ = 12. /ɡɪˈtɑːr/ = guitar
4. /pɑːrk/ = park commenced 13. /ˈɡɪdi/ = giddy
5. /ˈiːɡərli/ = eagerly 9. /kriˈeɪtɪŋ/ = creating
19
LESSON 11: /f/ - /v/ & /θ/ - /ð/
The /f/ - /v/ sounds
Exercise 1: Ordering
a. Correct Order: vail – fail – ferry – very (2 – 1 – 1 – 2)
b. Correct Order: fear – veer – veal – feel (1 – 2 – 2 – 1)
c. Correct Order: view – few – vault – fault (2 – 1 – 2 – 1)
d. Correct Order: vine – find – face – vase (2 – 1 – 1 – 2)
Exercise 3: Phoneme and vocabulary booster (10 minutes)
Household Part of Animal Verb
items Body
fork face fox feel
freezer foot frog find
faucet finger flamingo fly
/f/
fan forearm fish fall
fridge fingertip firefly finish
etc. etc. etc. etc.
Health Transport Verb

vitamin van visit
vaccine vehicle view
virus Vespa vote
/v/
vessel vessel volunteer
vein voyage verify
etc. etc. etc.
20
The /θ/ - /ð/ sounds
Listen to a series of words, and decide how many times you hear the /θ/ sound
(Track 11a)
thick, torn, theme, third, bother, thigh, southern, though, theory, them
Listen to a series of words, and decide how many times you hear the /ð/ sound
(Track 11b)
team, there, thus, worthy, those, method, together, then, tick, think
Exercise 2: Running dictation
1. /ˈtedi/ /faʊnd/ /hɪz/ /kiː/ /ɪn/ /ðə/ /pɑːrk/ ->Teddy found his key in the park.
2. /ʃi/ /hæd/ /ə/ /hɑːt/ /kʌp/ /əv/ /mɪlk/ /ænd/ /piːz/ /nɪr/ /ðə/ /væn/ ->She had a hot
cup of milk and peas near the van.
Circle the correct picture that best describes the sentences that you hear.
1.
A B
2.
A B
21
HOMEWORK
Five friends ventured to a vineyard, where the vines thrived in the foggy valley.
Their fervent voices discussed the valuable views, while a thoughtful fox watched
nearby. Suddenly, a feather floated by, and they found it fascinating. The father's
advice, thoughtful and vivid, guided their ventures in the valley.
1. /faɪv/ = five 8. /vjuː/ = view 15. /ˈfeðər/ = feather

2. /frendz/ = friend 9. /ðeɪ/ = they 16. /ˈvæljuəbl/ = valuable
3. /ˈvæli/ = valley 10. /ˈfɑːɡi/ = foggy 17. /ˈventʃərd/ = ventured
4. /ðer/ = their 11. /θraɪvd/ = thrived 18. /ˈθɔːtfl/ = thoughtful
5. /fɑːks/ = fox 12. /ˈvɪvɪd/ = vivid 19. /ˈvɪnjərd/ = vineyard
6. /ðə/ = the 13. /ˈvæli/ = valley 20. /ˈfæsɪneɪtɪŋ/ =
7. /ˈvɔɪsɪz/ = voice 14. /ˈfɜːrvənt/ = fervent fascinating
22
LESSON 12: /s/ - /z/ & /ʃ/ - /ʒ/
The /s/ - /z/ sounds
Exercise 1: Join the dots
To find out what the cat is doing, listen to the teacher and connect the dots with
the words that you hear. Some dots may be used twice.
1. Sink
2. Rice
3. Prize
4. Race
5. Raise
6. Sip
7. Prize
8. Zoo
9. Lose
10. Zip
11. Raise
➔ The cat is using a slice of cheese to trap the mouse.
23
The /ʃ/ - /ʒ/ sounds
/ʃ/ /ʒ/
pressure pleasure
anxious conclusion
ancient equation
special leisure
patient luxury
English occasion
condition
machine
version
Exercise 2: Phonetic Crossword Puzzle (10 minutes)

1 ˈs aɪ k l ɪ s t
2 ˈl iː ʒ ə r
3 ʃ ʌ t
4 v æ s t
5 ɪ k ˈs p l əʊ ʒ n
6 ˈs iː z n
7 ʃ iː t
8 m ə ˈʃ iː n
9 ð iː z
24
1. cyclist
2. leisure
3. shut
4. vast
5. explosion
6. season
7. sheet
8. machine
9. these
Grey-shaded Message: I love PTE
Exercise 3: Read Aloud. (10 minutes)
A cyclist enjoys peaceful rides through the countryside. One day, amid ancient
trees, a burst of colors surprises him. Feeling the wind's pressure, he pauses by a
calm lake, appreciating nature's beauty. This leisure brings special pleasure, a
cherished condition.
HOMEWORK
In a spacious kitchen, she used efficient machines to prepare delicious cuisine.

With precision, she added spices to enhance the flavor, aiming for perfection.
Despite the pressure, she maintained composure, creating a dish that received zero
criticism.
1. /juːzd/ = used 7. /ɪˈfɪʃnt/ = efficient 13. /pərˈfekʃn/ = perfection

2. /spaɪsɪs/ = spices 8. /məˈʃiːnz/ = machines 14. /ˈpreʃər/ = pressure
3. /dɪʃ/ = dish 9. /dɪˈlɪʃəs/ = delicious 15. /kəmˈpəʊʒər/ = composure
4. /ˈzɪrəʊ/ = zero 10. /kwɪˈziːn/ = cuisine 16. /rɪˈsiːvd/ = received
5. /dɪˈspaɪt/ = despite 11. /prɪˈsɪʒn/ = precision 17. /ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm/ = criticism
6. /ˈspeɪʃəs/ = spacious 12. /ɪnˈhæns/ = enhance
25
LESSON 13: /tʃ/ - /dʒ/
Listen to the teacher and decide whether the following words are pronounced
with the /tʃ/ or /dʒ/ sounds by putting a (✔) in the correct column.
/tʃ/ /dʒ/
catch ✔
religion ✔
huge ✔
job ✔
future ✔
adjust ✔
choose ✔
question ✔
bridge ✔

a. The children chased each other, laughing and
enjoying the adventure.
b. The magician adjusted his jacket and began

his magic show.
26
c. John chose to change her orange jacket to
match the judge's badge.
d. The chirping birds dodged the branches as

they journeyed through the jungle.
HOMEWORK
Practice 3. Listen and identify the words that contain the /tʃ/ and /dʒ/ sounds in
In June, at the graduation stage, the gem of her education shone brightly. Her ginger
hair caught everyone's attention as she joked about geography. She had a talent for
literature and pictured herself hosting a show on a TV channel. Her love for
chocolate was well-known, a nurturing pleasure regardless of the temperature
outside.
1. /dʒuːn/= June 6. /ˈdʒɪndʒər/ = ginger 10. /ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃn/ = education

2. /ˈtʃænl/ = channel 7. /ˈpɪktʃərd/ = pictured 11. /ˈlɪtrətʃər/ = literature
3. /dʒəʊkt/ = joked 8. /dʒiˈɑːɡrəfi/ = geography 12. /ˈtʃɔːklət/ = chocolate
4. /steɪdʒ/ = stage 9. /ˌɡrædʒuˈeɪʃn/ = 13. /ˈnɜːrtʃərɪŋ/ = nurturing
5. /dʒem/ = gem graduation 14. /ˈtemprətʃər/ = temperature
27
LESSON 14: /m/ - /n/ - /ŋ/
Once there was a man named Tom who loved playing games on his phone. One sunny
day, he received a call while enjoying an ice cream cone. The caller said Tom had won
a game contest. Excited, Tom listened as the caller explained the terms to claim his
prize. It all seemed too good to be true.
As time passed, Tom started feeling uneasy. Something didn’t seem right. He felt a
pang of doubt. When the caller asked for personal information, alarm bells rang in
Tom's mind. He realized it might be a scam!
Quickly hanging up, Tom realized he’d avoided a scam. He sighed with relief, grateful
he hadn’t shared his details. Lesson learned, he chuckled to himself, enjoying the sun
on his skin. He decided to sing a happy tune, grateful for the lucky escape and
knowing that sometimes, being cautious leads to a different kind of win.
a. A sunny morning is perfect for a refreshing swim in the ocean.
b. The camera captured the scene at the summit.
c. The banner hung proudly in the bright morning sky.
d. The plumber fixed the leaky pipe in our home last autumn.
e. His dream to conquer the summit fueled his momentum to climb.
f. Connect with nature by spending time at home this summer.
g. The knowledge of grammar is essential for language learning.
h. The innocent winner of the game received an immense trophy.
i. During summer, the drummer's rhythm echoed in the immense hall.
28
HOMEWORK
Practice 3. Listen and identify the words that contain the /m/, /n/, and /ŋ/ sounds
1. The Royal Institution is an organization that has been around for 209 years. Many
of the people that have worked here have been scientists themselves, including
Michael Faraday. He made the discoveries that may be generating a using electricity
much easier, making it possible for us all to switch on lights, cook for dinner, play
games consoles much more.
2. Scientists have identified the maximum mix of heat and humidity a human body
can survive. Even a healthy young person will die after enduring six hours of 35-
degree Celsius warmth when coupled with 100 percent humidity, but new research
shows that threshold could be significantly lower.
1. /meɪd/ = made 8. /ˌɔːrɡənəˈzeɪʃn/ = organization
2. /ˈmæksɪməm/ = maximum 9. /meɪ/ = may
3. /mɪks/ = mix 10. /jʌŋ/ = young
4. /ðəmˈselvz/ = themselves 11. /ˈsaɪəntɪst/ = scientist
5. /ɪnˈkluːdɪŋ/ = including 12. /aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/ = identify
6. /hjuːˈmɪdəti/ = humidity 13. /ˈhjuːmən/ = human
7. /ˈdʒenəreɪtɪŋ/ = generating 14. /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəntli/ = significantly
29
LESSON 15: /r/ - /l/ - /w/ - /j/ - /h/
Tom is a very young boy who loves to learn new things. Yesterday, he went to a fun
fair with his family. There, he saw a giant Ferris wheel, reaching a great height in the
sky. He was fascinated by how it turned. While peering through a hole in the fence, he
accidentally bumped his lip. His mom quickly wiped it with a wet tissue to keep it clean.
Tom kept holding his dad's hand tightly while exploring. Later, they went to a picnic. His
parents enjoyed a glass of wine while Tom wore his red vest to stay warm. Suddenly,
they heard about a small crime on the news. Tom's dad explained why it's very
important never to harm others. Tom nodded, eager to learn more about good deeds
and keeping safe.
Exercise 2: Tongue Twister
1. Local yokel jokes.
Yes Jack, I’m joking with you.
2. Higher roller
High roller.
Low roller.
Lower a roller.
3. A lump of red lead, a red lead lump.
4. Red lorries run alongside the left road.
5. While we were walking, we were watching window washers wash Washington’s
windows with warm washing water.
30
HOMEWORK
Practice 3. Listen and identify the words that contain the /r/, /l/, /w/, /j/, /h/ sounds
1. An industry or workplace often has its own terms for certain items, places, or groups
of people, and university is no different. Here we have attempted to explain some of
the terms you may come across on our websites that are specific to higher education.
2. The natural environment can be hazardous, and, with increased travel and
leisure, people today are more likely than ever to be exposed to life-threatening
conditions. Although the human body can adjust to some extent, it cannot cope with
poisons or prolonged exposure to extremes of environment.
1. /ˈhaɪər/ = higher 10. /ˈdɪfrənt/ = different
2. /wɪθ/ = with 11. /ˈwebsaɪt/ = website
3. /əˈkrɔːs/ = across 12. /ˈwɜːrkpleɪs/= workplace
4. /ˈlaɪkli/ = likely 13. /ˈnætʃrəl/ = natural
5. /ˈliːʒər/ = leisure 14. /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/ = environment
6. /ˈpleɪsɪs/ = place 15. /ˈhæzərdəs/ = hazardous
7. /ˈhjuːmən/ = human 16. /ɪnˈkriːst/ = increase
8. /ɪkˈspleɪn/ = explain 17. /ˈθretnɪŋ/ = threatening
9. /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːrsəti/ = university 18. /prəˈlɔːŋd/ = prolonged
31
LESSON 16: Review
Exercise 1: Stress Patterns in Short Phrases (25 minutes)
Match the following phrases with the suitable stress patterns. Write the correct
number next to each phrase.
1. I like it. 2 12. It’s cold and wet. 5
2. What was his name? 6 13. You’ve met them. 2
3. What’s the time? 1 14. Come and look. 1
4. A piece of cake. 5 15. She saw us. 2
5. He told me. 2 16. Where are you from? 6
6. Don’t break it. 3 17. Come and see us. 4
7. Close the door. 1 18. Try to call me. 4
8. Where do you live? 6 19. Pleased to meet you. 4
9. Give me a call. 6 20. Phone and tell me. 4
10. It’s time to go. 5 21. John rang us. 3
11. The shop was closed. 5 22. The bus is late. 5
“content” words are stressed and grammatical or “form” words are unstressed
Exercise 2: Sound Awareness (10 minutes)

1. a. /t/ b. /d/
2. a. /p/ b. /b/
3. a. /k/ b. /g/
4. a. /v/ b. /f/
5. a. /θ/ b. /ð/
6. a. /z/ b. /s/
7. a. /ʃ/ b. /ʒ/
8. a. /tʃ/ b. /dʒ/
9. a. /m/ b. /n/ c. /ŋ/
10. a. /w/ b. /r/ c. /j/
32
Listen and circle the correct phonetic transcription that you hear.
11. a. /pen/ b. /pæn/
12. a. /friː/ b. /θriː/
13. a. /deɪ/ b. /ðeɪ/
14. a. /bɪˈliːf/ b. /bɪˈliːv/
15. a. /pɔːrd/ b. /bɔːrd/
16. a. /əˈraɪv/ b. /əˈlaɪv/
17. a. /vaɪn/ b. /waɪn/
18. a. /bæŋk/ b. /bæŋ/
19. a. /tʃuːz/ b. /ʃuːz/
20. a. /dʒəʊk/ b. /jəʊk/
Exercise 4: Phonetic Code (15 minutes)
Code: Good luck (1 = /ɡ/, 2 = /ʊ/, 3 = /d/, 4 = /l/, 5 = /ʌ/, 6 = /k/)
33
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STUDENT BOOK

Pioneer of Real PTE Exam Questions

Authentic & Latest Real PTE Exam Questions

State-of-the-art Real PTE Exam Collection Technique

(Please visit https://pte.tools for practicing)

© 2024 - Prepared and collected by PTE Helper

1. leave – feel ______ 6. bin – live ______

2. Which two of the following words do not contain /ʊ/?

Exercise 4: Tongue Twisters

/ə/ /ɜː/ /ʌ/

/ɒ/ cot, fox, tot, spot, shot

Exercise 3: Read aloud the sentences.

3. Aural and Oral Practice

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks.

Exercise 4: Tongue Twisters

Take the tea tray to the table.

Dip the dipper in the deep well.

Exercise 3: Tongue Twisters

Buy pie pans before you buy butter pieces.

Exercise 3: Phoneme and vocabulary booster

Health Transport Verb

The /ʃ/ - /ʒ/ sounds

c. John chose to change her orange jacket to match

d. The chirping birds dodged the branches as they

Exercise 3: Sound-based Pictionary Game

examination curriculum assessment program

Yes Jack, I’m joking with you.

3. A lump of red lead, a red lead lump.

4. Red lorries run alongside the left road.

5. While we were walking, we were watching window washers wash Washington’s

1. I like it. → ____ 12. It’s cold and wet. → ____

Secret Code: ………………………………

Exercise 3: Describe the image. (20 minutes)

2. Which two of the following words do not contain /ʊ/?

Exercise 2: Practice the /ʊ/ sound (15 minutes)

center heard lunch

Exercise 2: Read aloud

Exercise 1: Identifying stressed syllables. (Track 8d)

1. /ˈpɜːrfɪkt/ = perfect 6. /prɪˈperɪŋ/ = preparing 10. /ˈpɑːrti/ = party

Health Transport Verb

1. /faɪv/ = five 8. /vjuː/ = view 15. /ˈfeðər/ = feather

➔ The cat is using a slice of cheese to trap the mouse.

Exercise 2: Phonetic Crossword Puzzle (10 minutes)

In a spacious kitchen, she used efficient machines to prepare delicious cuisine.

1. /juːzd/ = used 7. /ɪˈfɪʃnt/ = efficient 13. /pərˈfekʃn/ = perfection

Exercise 3: Read Aloud. (25 minutes)

b. The magician adjusted his jacket and began

d. The chirping birds dodged the branches as

1. /dʒuːn/= June 6. /ˈdʒɪndʒər/ = ginger 10. /ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃn/ = education

Exercise 2: Sound Awareness (10 minutes)

Exercise 4: Phonetic Code (15 minutes)

Code: Good luck (1 = /ɡ/, 2 = /ʊ/, 3 = /d/, 4 = /l/, 5 = /ʌ/, 6 = /k/)

Hệ thống học tập dành riêng cho học viên

Nền tảng luyện tập mô phỏng bài thi thật

Tổng đài học thuật

Kênh youtube PTE Helper

Fanpage PTE Helper

Fanpage PTE Helper Viet Nam

Tiktok Bà chị PTE

1. leave – feel 6. bin – live

1. I like it. → 12. It’s cold and wet. →