Solution

MICROTEACHING LESSON -BASIC PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY

Class 11 - Chemistry

1.
(c) 300.15 K
Explanation: The relation between Kelvin (K) & oC is given by the expression, K = (o C + 273.15)
∴ plugging in 27 (given) for oC in the above expression we get,
K = (27 + 273.15) = 300.15
∴ 27o C = 300.15 K
2. (a) C6H12O6
Explanation: Molecular formula = n × empirical formula
Empirical formula = CH2O
Empirical formula mass = 12 × 1 + 1 × 2 + 1 × 16 = 30 g
Molecular mass = 180 g
n= Molar mass
= = 6
180

30
Empirical formula mass

Therefore, n = 6
So, molecular formula = n × C H 2O = 6 × C H2 O = C6 H12 O6

3.
(b) 20000 mg
Explanation: Since, 1 g
= 1000 mg
∴ 20 g
= (20 × 1000 ) mg
= 20,000 mg
4. (a) Relative atomic mass
Explanation: Relative atomic mass
5. (a) 4gm
Explanation: Molarity of a solution
massof solute
(M) = molarmassof solute
×
1000

volumeof solutioninmL

∴0.2​= w

40
×
1000

500

so, w = 4gm.
Amount of sodium hydroxide present in 500ml of 0.2M solutions is 4 gm.
6. (a) 44 g
Explanation: Molar mass of CO2 = Σ (atomic mass of C, 2*atomic mass of O)
= [12+2(16)] u
Since gram molar mass
= Molar mass expressed in gms.
∴ gram molar mass of CO2

= 44 g
7.
(d) 32.0 g
Explanation: Calculations:
Mass of 1mole of O2

= the mass of 6.022 × 1023 molecules of O2 (as per Avogadro's law)

= molar mass of O2 in grams (i.e. gram molar mss)
= 32.0 g

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 8. (a) 93.3 °C
Explanation: 93.3, as
F= 9/5( degree C) + 32
200 = 9/5 (c ) +32
(200 -32) × 5 / 9 = C
C = 93.3
9. (a) 102 u
Explanation: Molar mass
= Σ [ 2 × (atomic mass of Al) 3 × (atomic mass of O)]u
= [(2 × 27) + (3 × 16)]u
= ( 54 + 48 ) u
= 102 u.
10.
(c) completely mixed with each other and its composition is uniform throughout.
Explanation: In a homogeneous mixture,
i. the components are mixed together completely.
ii. has a uniform composition throughout.

11.
(c) (i), (iii) and (iv)
Explanation: (i), (iii) and (iv)
12.
(c) 14

23
6.023×10

Explanation: The atomic mass of Nitrogen ( 7N14 ) is 14.

∴ 1 atomic mass unit (amu) of N would contain 6.023 × 1023 atoms

or, 6.023 × 1023 atoms of nitrogen (N) would weight= 14 amu
& atom of nitrogen (N) would weight
=[ ] amu
14

23
6.023×10

13.
(d) 93.3° C
Explanation: The relation between Celsius scale and Fahrenheit scale is:

5 0 5
C = ( F − 32) = (200 − 32) = 93.3
9 9

Hence, correct answer is 93.3 oC.

14. (a) 125 g

Explanation: Calculations:
Step 1/
As per stoichiometry of the given reaction,
2N2 H4 (l) + N2 O4 (l) → 3N2 (g) + 4H2 O(l)

2 moles of N2H4 (l) reacts with 1 mol of N2O4 (l) to produce 3 moles of N2 (g) & 4 moles of H2O (l)
or, 32 g of N2H4 react with 92g of N2O4 (l) to produce 72g of N2(g) & 72g of H2O (l)
Now, the given masses of reactants are,
N2H4 =160 g.
or = 160

32
mols = 5 moles
N2O4 = 160g or = 160

92
moles = 1.739 moles
So, water produced in this reaction would depend upon the number of moles of N2O4 taken (calculated above = 1.739 mols), as
it would be consumed first and is, therefore, the limiting reagent.

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 Step 2.
Since 1 mol of N2O4 yields water = 4 moles
∴ 1.739 moles of N2O4 would yield water
= (1.739 × 4)moles
= (1.739 × 4 × 18)g = 125.208g
≈ 125 g

15.
(c) 4,3,2
Explanation: The given equation when balanced is as follows:
4Al + 3O2 ⟶ 2Al2O3
Hence, 4, 3, 2 should be inserted in the provided blank spaces from left to right.
16.
(c) 2.79 m
Explanation: M = 3 mol L-1
Mass of NaCl in 1 L solution
= 3 × 58.5
= 175.5 g
Mass of 1 L solution
= (1000 × 1.25)
= 1250 g (since density = 1.25 g mL-1)
Mass of water in solution
= ( 1250 -175.5 ) g
= 1074. 5 g
Molality (m)
= [(No. of moles of solute)/(Mass of solvent in kgs)]
3mol
= 1.0745kg

= 2.79 m
17.
(c) 67.2dm3
Explanation: Based on the given equation it is clear that 1 mole of Fe2O3​i.e ferric oxide is reduced by 3 carbon monoxide.
1 mole of any compound occupies 22.4l of volume.
So, the volume of carbon monoxide required to reduce one mole of ferric oxide is = 3 × 224.4dm3 = 67.2dm3.
18.
(b) J K-1 mol-1
Explanation: J K-1 mol-1
19.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation: The density of solution, ρ = 3.12g/mL
Mass of 1 mL solution = 3.12 g
Mass of 1.5 mL solution = 1.5 × 3.12 = 4.68 g
20. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Any substance that contains only one kind of atom is known as an element. They can be broken down into
simpler substances. Two or more elements combine together to form componds.
21.
(c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: The molecular formula of glucose is C6H12​O6​
This is (HCHO)6
Therefore its empirical formula is HCHO.

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22. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Average mass of an atom
Explanation: Atomic mass = 12
1/12× Mass of an atom of C

Average mass of an atom

R⋅A(1)×MNo+R⋅A(2)×M.No
=
R⋅A(l)+R.A(2)

Here R.A = Relative abundance, M.No = Mass number and 1 and 2 refers the two possible isotopes. As atomic mass is a ratio
so its has no unit.
23. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
24.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation: Molecular formula of calcium phosphate is Ca3​(PO5​)2
Its molar mass is 3(40) + 2(31) + 8(16) = 310 g/mol.
120
Percent of calcium = ​× 100 = 38.71%
310

25. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: According to law of conservation of mass, in a chemical reaction total mass of the products is equal to the mass
of the reactants.
26.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation: Atomic mass and molecular mass are the ratios and have no. units.
Mol. Mass = Wt. of one molecule of the substnace

1/12 × wt. of one atom of C-12

27. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Examples of isomorphous compounds are K2SO4, K2CrO4, K2SeO4, (valency of S, Cr, Se = 6) and ZnSO4
⋅ 7H2O, MgSO4⋅ 7H2O FeSO4⋅ 7H2O (valency of Zn, Mg, Fe = 2).

28.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: The molecular formula of ethanol is: C2H5OH
Molar mass of ethanol is:
(2× 12.01 + 6× 1.008 + 16.00) g = 46.068 g
29.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: All non-zero digits are significant. For example, in 285 cm, there are three significant figures and in 0.25 mL,
there are two significant figures.
30. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Gram molecular mass of sodium carbonate Na2​CO3​=106g
The gram atomic mass of carbon C=12g
106 g of sodium carbonate and 12 g of graphite have 1 mole of atoms of carbon.
31. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
32.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Molar mass or mass of 1 mole of NaCl = 23 + 35.5
(Formula mass of NaCl) = 58.5g
According to Mole concept:
1 mole of molecules = Gram molecular mass
= 6.023 × 1023 molecules.
∴ 58.5g of NaCl also contains 6.023 × 1023 molecules of NaCl.
33.
(d) A is false but R is true.

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 Explanation: Gases do deviate from ideal behaviour but under the same conditions of pressure, temperature, etc., they
combine in a simple ratio of volume fairly accurately.
34. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: The precision of a measurement depends upon the limitation of the measuring device and the skills with which it
is used. In actuality, precision refers to the closeness of the set of values obtained from identical measurements of a quantity.
Significant figures are the meaningful digits in a measured or calculated quantity.
35.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation: Eq. wt. of Cu in CuO
63.6 (at.wt.)
= 2 ( valency of Cu=2)
= 31.8
63.6
Eq. wt. of Cu in Cu2O = 1
= 63.6 (valency of Cu = 1)

36. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: The amount of product formed will be decided by the amount of limiting reagent. A reactant that is not
consumed completely during the reaction is known as an excess reactant.
37.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Number of atoms present in a molecule of a gaseous element is called atomicity. For eg. O2 has two atoms and
hence its atomicity is 2.
38.
(d) Both A and R are false.
Explanation: Molar volume (at NTP) = 22.4 L
Now 22.4 L of N2 = volume occupied by 1 mole of N2 = 28 g = 6.023 × 1023 molecules.
Similarly O2 = 2 × 16 = 32 g, 32 g

6.023 × 1023 molecules = 22.4 L

∴ 22.4 L = 6.023 × 1023
23
6.023× 10 ×5.6 1
or 5.6 L = 22.4
=
4
23
× 6.023 × 10

According to Avagadro's hypothesis equal volume of all gases contain equal number of molecules under similar conditions of
temperature and pressure.
39. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Intensive properties like density, pressure, temperature etc. are independent of the size of the sample. Extensive
properties like mass and volume etc. depend on the size of the sample.
40.
(c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: A is true but R is false.
41.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation: 13.842 × 10 should be expressed as 1.3842 × 102 in scientific notation.
42.
(d) Both A and R are false.
Explanation: 1.231 has four significant figures. All numbers from left to right are counted, starting with the first digit that is
not zero for calculating the number of significant figures.
43.
(c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: Significant figures for 0.200 = 3
Significant figure for 200 = 1
Zeros at the end of a number without decimal point, may or may not be significant depending on the accuracy of the
measurement.

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44. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: When two elements combine with each other to form two or more compounds, the masses of one of the elements
which combine with fixed mass of the other, have a simple whole number ratio to one another. Reason is the statements of law
of reciprocal proportions.
45.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation: A is false but R is true.
46. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: 44g of CO2 = 1 mole ≡ 1 g atom of C
16g CH4 = 1 mole ≡ 1 g atom of C
1 g atom of C = 12 g C
12 g C contains 6.023 × 1023 carbon atoms.
47.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Molecular mass is the sum of atomic masses of the elements present in a molecule.
The molecular mass of methane,
(CH4) = (12.011 u) + 4 (1.008 u)
= 16.043 u
48.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation: Sodium chloride, does not contain discrete molecules as their constituent units. In such compounds, positive
(sodium ion) and negative (chloride ion) entities are arranged in a three-dimensional structure.
49.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: The number of moles of a solute present in a litre of solution is known as molarity (M).
The total number of molecules of reactants present in a balanced chemical equation is known as molecularity. For example,
PCl5 → PCl3 + Cl2 (Unimolecular)
2HI → H2 + I2 (Bimolecular)
Therefore, molarity and molecularity are used in a different sense.
50.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation: Precision refers to the closeness of various measurements for the same quantity. Student A takes two
measurements and reports the results as 1.95 g and 1.93 g. These values are precise as they are close to each other but are not
accurate.
51.
(c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: A is true but R is false.
52. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both SO2 and CH4 represent 0.5 g mole have a same number of molecules.

53.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Molecularmass
Explanation: Eq. mass of acid = basicity
.
Basicity is number of replaceable hydrogen atoms in one molecule of an acid while number of replaceable hydroxyl group in
one molecule of the base is known as acidity.
54.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation: One mole of any substance corresponds to 6.023 × 1023 entities irrespective of its weight.
Molecular weight of SO2 = 32 + 2 × 16 = 64g

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 Molecular weight of O2 = 2 × 16 = 32g
Therefore Molecular weight of SO2 is double to that of O2.

55. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: 232.508 can be written as 2.32508 × 102 in scientific notation. While writing it, the decimal had to be moved to
the left by two places and the same is the exponent (2) of 10 in the scientific notation.
56. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Pure water always contains hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio of 1 : 8 by mass. This is in accordance with the law
of constant composition.
57.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: According to the rule of a significant figure, the leading zeros(before the non-zero number) are non-
significant. Therefore, the Significant number in 0.002930 is 4.
58.
(d) Both A and R are false.
Explanation: No. of g molecules or mole molecules
=
GMM
(GMM = Gram molecular mass)
wt. of sub.

∴ GMM of SO2Cl2 = 135 g.

Hence number of gm- molecules = 13.5

135
= 0.1

59.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation: Law of conservation of mass does not hold good for nuclear reaction due to mass defect.
60.
(c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: For a number written in scientific notation, all digits are significant. All the zeros to the right of the decimal
point are significant.
61. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Molality does not depend upon volume thus it does not depend on temperature.
62.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Volume occupied changes with change in temperature and pressure. For example, change in temperature
increases the K.E of the molecules and gases expand and hence occupy more volume.
63. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Concentration means how much amount of substance is present in a given volume of a solution. Now as amount
can be measured in terms of moles, so molarity means concentration of the solution. According to Mole concept: 1 Mole of
molecules = Gram molecular mass = 6.023 × 1023 molecules.
64.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation: A is false but R is true.
65. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: An element may have different valencies in different compounds and hence they have different equivalent
weights.
66.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: 1

12
th the mass of 1 atom of C-12 is 1.66 × 10-24 and atomic mass unit 1 amu = 1.66 × 10-24 g.
67.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation: A is false but R is true.

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68. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Molecular formula = n × (empirical formula)
Molecularmass
n=
Empirialf ormulamass

Empirical formula of ethene = CH2

The empirical formula mass of ethene = 14 amu
=
1

2
× molecular mass of ethene.
Empirical formula shows that ethene has (C : H) 1 : 2
69.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation: CH4(g) + 2O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)
16g of CH4 on complete combustion will give 36g of water.

70.
(c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: Atoms can neither be created nor destroyed. This is the statement of the law of conservation of mass. Under
similar conditions of temperature and pressure. An equal volume of gases contains an equal number of atoms.
As PV = nRT(Ideal gas equation) If, for I case, P1V1 = n1RT1
for II case, P2V2 = n2RT2
P1 V1 nRT1
⇒ =
P2 V2 n2 RT2

⇒ n1 = n2

71.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Element is usually defined as the simplest form of a pure substance with definite physical and chemical
properties. They can neither be broken into nor built from simpler substances by any chemical or physical method. A
compound is also a pure substance containing two or more than two elements combined together in a fixed proportion by
weight and which can be decomposed into its constituent elements by suitable chemical methods.
72.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Mass of 1 mole is its gram- atomic mass
1 mol of O2 → 2 atoms.

Therefore no. of atoms in 1g O2​= 3/21​×2×6.02×1023 = 6.02×1023/16

Similarly, no. of atoms in 1g O3 = 4/81​×3×6.02×1023 = 6.02×1023/16

They have the same no. of atoms.
73.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: One atomic mass unit is defined as one-twelfth of the mass of one carbon- 12 atom because C-12 is chosen as
the standard atom. This is because it has an equal number of protons and neutrons (6) and constitutes most of the matter.
The most abundant isotope of carbon is C12.
74.
(c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: A is true but R is false.
75. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: For universally accepted atomic mass unit in 1961, C-12 was selected as standard. However, the new symbol
used is 'u' (unified mass) in place of amu.

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