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Sprint (9th Class)

Force and Laws of Motion Practice Sheet

SECTION – A
Multiple Choice Questions (1 Marks each)
1. Which of the following is an example of balanced
forces acting on an object?
(A) A car accelerating on a straight road
(B) A book resting on a table
(C) A ball falling freely from a height
(D) A rocket taking off into space
2. According to Newton's first law of motion, an object
at rest tends to stay at rest, and an object in motion
tends to stay in motion unless:
(A) acted upon by an external force.
(B) in a vacuum.
(C) it has a constant velocity
(D) it is a very large object
3. The force that opposes the relative motion between
two surfaces in contact is known as:
(A) Gravitational force
(B) Frictional force
(C) Tension force
(D) Normal force
4. When a force is applied to an object in the direction
of its motion, what happens to its speed?
(A) Speed increases
(B) Speed decreases
(C) Speed remains constant
(D) Speed becomes zero
SECTION – B
Short Answer Questions (2 mark each)
6. Explain Newton's second law of motion and provide
an example.
7. Describe the concept of inertia and provide an
everyday example.
8. How does friction affect motion? Provide two
examples.
9. Explain the concept of action and reaction forces
according to Newton's third law of motion.
10. A 500 N force is applied to an object with a mass of
50 kg. Calculate the acceleration of the object.
SECTION - C
Long Answer Question (3 Marks each)
11. Explain the concept of force and how it is related to
motion. Provide examples to support your
explanation.
12. Explain the concept of net force and its role in
determining the motion of an object. Provide
examples to illustrate how net force influences
different types of motion.
13. Discuss the role of air resistance in the motion of
falling objects. How does the magnitude and
direction of air resistance change with the speed of
the falling object? Provide real-world examples to
support your explanation.

5. According to Newton's third law of motion, for SECTION - D

every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
This means that:
(A) The forces are equal in magnitude but opposite
in direction.
(B) The forces are equal in magnitude and
direction.
(C) The forces are opposite in magnitude and
direction.
(D) The forces are not related to each other.
Case-Based Questions (5 marks)
14. A group of students is designing a model rocket for
a science fair. The rocket will be launched vertically
into the air. Discuss the various forces acting on the
rocket during its launch, and explain how Newton's
laws of motion can be applied to understand the
rocket's motion. Consider factors such as the force
of the rocket engine, air resistance, and the role of
mass in the context of Newton's laws.
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SECTION – E
Assertion and Reasoning (2 marks)
Direction: In the following questions, a statement of
assertion (A) is followed by a statement of reason (R).
Mark the correct choice as:
15. Assertion (A): "Inertia is a property of matter, and
objects tend to resist changes in their state of
motion."
Reason (R) : "This resistance to changes in motion
is directly proportional to the mass of the object."
(A) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and
reason (R) is the correct explanation of
assertion (A).
(B) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but
reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
assertion (A).
(C) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(D) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
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Answer Key
1. (B) 9. (Hints & solution)
2. (A) 10. (Hints & solution)
3. (B) 11 (Hints & solution)
4. (A) 12. (Hints & solution)
5. (A) 13 (Hints & solution)
6. (Hints & solution) 14. (Hints & solution)
7. (Hints & solution) 15. (A)
8. (Hints & solution)
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Hints & Solutions

1. (B) 9. Newton's third law states that for every action, there
A book resting on a table is an equal and opposite reaction. This means that if
object A exerts a force on object B, then object B
2. (A) simultaneously exerts a force of the same magnitude
but in the opposite direction on object A. For
acted upon by an external force.
example, when you push a wall (action), the wall
pushes back on you with an equal force in the
3. (B) opposite direction (reaction).
Frictional force
10. Using Newton's second law (F=ma), where F is the
4. (A) force, m is the mass, and a is the acceleration, we
Speed increases can rearrange the formula to find acceleration:
a = F/m. In this case, a = 500N/50kg = 10m/s2.
5. (A) Therefore, the acceleration of the object is 10 m/s2.
The forces are equal in magnitude but opposite in
11 Force is a push or pull that can change the state of
direction.
motion or shape of an object. According to Newton's
laws of motion, force is directly related to the
6. Newton's second law of motion states that the force motion of an object. Newton's first law states that an
acting on an object is equal to the mass of that object at rest remains at rest, and an object in motion
object multiplied by its acceleration. continues to move with a constant velocity unless
Mathematically, it can be expressed as F=ma, where acted upon by a net external force. This force is
F is the force, m is the mass, and a is the what causes changes in the motion of an object. For
acceleration. For example, if a 10 kg object example, when you kick a football, you apply force
experiences a force of 5 N, its acceleration can be to it, causing it to move.
calculated using a = F/m, resulting in an acceleration Newton's second law mathematically defines the
of 5 N/10 kg = 0.5 m/s, 25N/10kg = 0.5m/s2. relationship between force, mass, and acceleration
as F = ma, where F is the force, m is the mass of the
7. Inertia is the tendency of an object to resist changes object, and a is the acceleration produced. This
in its state of motion. An object at rest tends to stay means that the force applied to an object is directly
at rest, and an object in motion tends to stay in proportional to the mass of the object and the
motion with the same speed and in the same acceleration it undergoes.
direction unless acted upon by an external force. For In summary, force is crucial for understanding how
instance, when a car suddenly stops, the passengers and why objects move, and Newton's laws provide a
lurch forward because of their inertia. They were framework for explaining the relationship between
moving with the car, and when it stops, their bodies force and motion.
tend to keep moving forward.
12. Net force is the vector sum of all the individual
8. Friction is a force that opposes the relative motion forces acting on an object. It plays a crucial role in
or tendency of such motion between two surfaces in determining the motion of an object according to
contact. It can either slow down or stop the motion Newton's second law, which states that the
of an object. For example: acceleration of an object is directly proportional to
• Walking on Ice: The low friction between shoes the net force acting on it and inversely proportional
and icy surfaces makes it difficult to walk to its mass (F = ma). When the net force acting on
smoothly. an object is non-zero, it causes the object to
accelerate.
• Braking of a Car: Friction between the brake
Example: Consider a car moving on a straight road.
pads and the wheel slows down the car when
If the driving force applied by the engine is greater
brakes are applied.
than the frictional force and air resistance acting

against the car's motion, a net force in the direction
of motion is established. This net force causes the
car to accelerate. Conversely, if the frictional force
and air resistance become greater than the driving
force, a net force in the opposite direction is
established, leading to deceleration or stopping.
13 Air resistance, also known as drag, is the force
exerted by air molecules on an object moving
through the air. When an object falls, it experiences
gravitational force pulling it downward and air
resistance pushing against its motion. The
interaction between these forces influences the
motion of the falling object.
Effect of Speed on Air Resistance:
• At low speeds, the force of air resistance is
relatively small. The object accelerates due to
the greater influence of gravity.
• As the speed increases, so does the force of air
resistance. Eventually, a point is reached where
the force of air resistance equals the force of
gravity, creating a terminal velocity. At terminal
velocity, the object falls at a constant speed with
no further acceleration.
Real-world Example: Consider a skydiver in free
fall. Initially, the skydiver accelerates due to the
force of gravity being greater than air resistance. As
the skydiver's speed increases, air resistance
becomes stronger until it equals the force of gravity.
At this point, the skydiver reaches terminal velocity,
falling at a constant speed without further
acceleration. Understanding the interplay between
gravitational force and air resistance is crucial in
predicting the motion of falling objects.
14. In the case of the model rocket launch, several
forces come into play. Let's analyze these forces and
apply Newton's laws of motion:
1. Force of the Rocket Engine (Thrust):
• The force generated by the rocket engine is
the thrust, which propels the rocket upward.
• According to Newton's third law, the
expulsion of gases from the rocket creates
an equal and opposite reaction, resulting in
the upward thrust force.
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2. Force of Gravity:
• Gravity acts downward on the rocket, trying
to pull it back to the ground.
• Newton's second law (F=ma) can be applied
to understand how the gravitational force
influences the motion. The weight of the
rocket (mass times acceleration due to
gravity) is the force acting downward.
3. Air Resistance (Drag):
• As the rocket ascends, it encounters air
resistance (drag), which opposes its motion.
• Newton's second law is also applicable here,
as the net force acting on the rocket is the
difference between thrust and air resistance.
If thrust is greater, the rocket continues to
accelerate; if air resistance becomes equal to
or greater than thrust, the rocket reaches a
constant speed (terminal velocity).
4. Role of Mass:
• The mass of the rocket is a crucial factor in
determining its acceleration. According to
Newton's second law, F=ma, a smaller mass
results in greater acceleration for the same
force.
• The students need to consider the balance
between the thrust force generated by the
rocket engine and the mass of the rocket to
achieve the desired launch performance.
In conclusion, understanding the forces acting on
the model rocket and applying Newton's laws of
motion allows the students to optimize their design,
ensuring a successful and scientifically sound rocket
launch for the science fair.
15. (A)
Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is
the correct explanation of the Assertion.