PROJECT REPORT

OF

M/s. RITHWIK BIO

THE PRODUCT : BRIQUETTES/WHITE COAL

The coal made from agricultural and forest-waste & residues in form of briquettes
has been named as briquettes white coal. It can be efficiently used to replace coal and
fire wood.

The white coal-solid briquettes are converted from agro waste to solid cylindrical
shape. The white coal is converted from Agro wastes using mechanical pressures without
using any binders or chemicals. This white coal is a substitute fuel energy.

BACKGROUND:

 The entire world at present is concerned over limited natural resources which are
becoming scarce day by day. The scientists all over the world are exploring the
use of non-conventional energy sources. Briquetting Technology is a step
towards this to achieve the above goal.

 In recent years their has been a significant increase in the consumption of

conventional fuels viz. furnace oil, coal lignite, wood etc., in small & medium
industries for their process involving heat treatment in their production pattern.

 These ever increasing demands for conventional fuels are making the erosion of
the natural sources without replacing them. India is already in the midst or fuel
crises there is a need to adopt some innovative technologies which can produce
energy by recycling available inputs without changing the quantum of existing
one.

 There is tremendous scope of bring down the wastage conventional energy

sources to a considerable level through the development, propagation and
population of non-conventional BREQUETTING TECHNOLOGY for production
of briquettes agro reside to meet thermal energy requirements. Therefore this
substitute energy medium is to be given national priority as it appears to be the
only permanent solution that one can think of for the survival and growth of the
small and medium industries resulting into restrictions of national loss.
PRODUCT & ITS USES (BRIQUETTES)

The white coal is an ideal fuel which substitute coal, fire, wood lignite and other
convention fuel for heating stem generation.

The demand of white coal emerges from shortage of conventional fuels like coal,
oil, wood, fire and shortage day by day increasing so it indicates golden future for white
coal and ready it is ideal future fuel.

White coal can be used by industrial units viz.

1) Paper mill
2) Solvent extraction plant
3) Vegetable plant
4) Chemical plant
5) Textile unit
6) Dying house
7) Food pro mill
8) Milk plant
9) Leather Industries
10) Laminating Industries
MARKET:

As the product being substitute to firewood, coal and other fuels, the demand for the
product is growing day by day. Most of the industrial units are looking towards this
white coal to maximize the economy in fuel prices and to protect the environment.

However the unit has entered into a buyback agreement with M/s. ANANTH
PRODUCTS of Maharashtra.

Even otherwise the firm is quite confident of marketing its products without any difficult.
RAW MATERIAL

All materials containing lignite and cellulose are suitable for densification. Sussessful
tests have been carried out with a variety of materials from:

 Forest Industries: saw dust, sander dust, and secondary pieces of wood, tree bark
and twigs pine needles, wild grass.

 Agriculture and Food Industries: Husks of coffee, sunflower, rice husk, shells of
groundnut, almond and cotton stalks. Bags of sugar cane, Leaves and trash maize
stalks, mustard stalks, cobs, bajara cobs, custard shells etc., products from above
sectors can be brequetted individually or in combination depending on their
availability and blending properties.

BAGASSE AND PRESS MUD

A Potential Source of Power:

Bagasse is a fibrous residue left after the extraction of juice from sugarcane the
quantity of bagasse depends on the fiber content of sugarcane. Availability of bagasse is
very high in various state of India like South Gujarat, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh and
Andhra Pradesh almost the entire quantity of bagasses produces in India is used as a
captive fuel in the sugar factories for generating scheme in the boiler to drive the prime
mover and to boil and concentrate sugarcane juice. Sugar Mill Bagasse which contains
about 48% moisture after drying in special type of furnaces. After drying and
briquetting, calorific value of briquetted bagasses is 4700 k.cal/kg.

In addition to bagasse, Sugar Mill waste (Press mud) is available in large

quantities which is approx 3-5% of the sugarcane crushed press mud is either throw away
or is used as a cheap fertilizer.

The use of this cheap fertilizer give low yield as compared to the modern fertilizer
available however the major quantity of press mud goes just as waste. The briquettes
made from press mud after drying have calorific value 4800 k.cal/kg. approx.
 Different Calorific Value from Different type of Raw Material

Sl. No. Raw Material Calorific Value

1. Saw Dust 3900 k.cal/kg.

2. Groundnut 3800 k.cal/kg.

3. Custard Shell 3900 k.cal/kg.

4. Cotton Stalk 3700 k.cal/kg.

5. Sugarcane Bagasse 4200 k.cal/kg.

6. Coffee Husk 3800 k.cal/kg.

7. Coir Pith 3000 k.cal/kg.

8. Bajara Husk 3300 k.cal/kg.

9. Jungle Leave & other 3000 k.cal/kg.

10. Wheat Straw 2200 k.cal/kg.

TECHNOLOGY (BRIQUETTING)

At present in India direct (Binder less) Technology is most popular and

successful. This technology has been adapted to suit Indian conditions according to the
characteristics of raw material available from various in different seasons. This binder
less briquetting technology is based on very high compact characteristics of combustible
cellulosic agro waste such as Bagasse & saw dust, Groundnut shells, rice husk, cotton
stalk, whon strow, custard shell etc. into cylindrical briquettes through high process heat.

Briquetting technology is well developed in advance countries like Switzerland,

USA, Denmark, Canada, Brazil, U.K. etc.

Project Highlight

 High Profitability

 Excellent Growth Potentiality

 Ready market

 Wide variety, easy availability, supply of agro waste of every crop

 Short gestation and quick payback

 Employment potentiality

 Conversion of natural resources (wastage) in to hi-tech energy & maintenance of

ecological balance

 Minimum working capital

Advantages of this form of fuel are as under:

 Consistent quality

 Economic to users compared to other forms

 High calorific value ranges between 3500-5000 k.cal/kg.

 Low ash content of 2-10% as compared to 20-40% on coal

 No pollution since it does not emit any sulphur or phosphorous fumes and there is
no need for expensive pollution control equipment.

 Easy in handling and storage due to its size

 Moisture percentage is very less 2-5% compared to lignite and firewood and coal
where it is 25-30%
MANUFACTURING PROCESS

The Briquetting press is ram type pres designed for continuous heavy duty operation with
two load wheels. One of the load wheels acts as a pulley and driven by the main motor
through flat belt. Forced lubrication is provided by oil lubrication system which gives
longer life to the press.

Dry and homogenous prepared powder from raw material is fed through screw conveyor
to kopi by means of vertical screws with it’s own geared motor it precompressess and
forces the material downwards into the feeder box. From feeder box the material is
forces by the ram through a tapered die system on the cooling tower in the from of
briquettes. The total operation should be continuous and it is controlled and operated by
a panel board. Panel Board also provides safely measurement.