BONES

NINI ANANIASHVILI
 Structure
1. Structure: Bones are composed of both organic
and inorganic materials. The organic component
includes collagen, a protein that provides
flexibility and strength, while the inorganic
component includes minerals such as calcium and
phosphate, which provide hardness and rigidity.
 FUNCTIONS
2.Functions: Bones serve several important
functions in the body, including providing
structural support, protecting vital organs,
facilitating movement through muscle
attachment, storing minerals (such as calcium
and phosphorus), and producing blood cells
through a process called hematopoiesis,
which occurs in the bone marrow.
 TYPES OF BONES
2. Types of bones: There are five main types of
bones in the human body: long bones (e.g.,
femur, humerus), short bones (e.g., carpals,
tarsals), flat bones (e.g., skull bones, ribs),
irregular bones (e.g., vertebrae, facial bones),
and sesamoid bones (e.g., patella). Each type
has its own unique shape and function.

01.
Van Buchem disease: Van Buchem
disease is an extremely rare
genetic disorder characterized by
progressive thickening of the
bones, particularly the long bones
of the arms and legs. It is caused
by mutations in the SOST gene,
which encodes a protein that
inhibits bone formation.
RARE DISEASES
02.
Osteopetrosis: Also known as
marble bone disease,
osteopetrosis is a group of rare
genetic disorders
characterized by abnormally
dense bones, which can lead to
fractures, anemia, vision and
hearing impairments, and
other complications.
03.
Paget's disease of bone, also known as
osteitis deformans, is a chronic bone
disorder characterized by abnormal
bone remodeling. In Paget's disease,
bone tissue is broken down and
reformed at an accelerated rate, leading
to enlarged, weak, and deformed bones.
The condition can affect one or multiple
bones in the body, but it most
commonly involves the pelvis, spine,
skull, and long bones of the legs
 RARE DISEASES
04.
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP):
FOP is an ultra-rare genetic disorder
characterized by progressive heterotopic
ossification, where soft tissues such as
muscles, tendons, and ligaments gradually
turn into bone. It affects an estimated 1 in 2
million people worldwide.
05.
Melorheostosis: Melorheostosis is a rare
bone disorder characterized by
abnormal bone growth along the length
of the bones, giving them a "dripping
candle wax" appearance on imaging
studies. It is estimated to affect fewer
than 1 in 1 million individuals.
 MAINTAIN HEALTHY
01.
BONES 03.
Balanced diet: Consuming a diet rich in
calcium and vitamin D is essential for
Maintain a healthy body weight: Being
bone health. Calcium is a mineral that
underweight or overweight can
helps build and maintain bone density,
negatively affect bone health.
while vitamin D aids in calcium
Maintaining a healthy body weight
absorption. Good sources of calcium
through a balanced diet and regular
include dairy products, leafy greens,
exercise can help support bone density
almonds, and fortified foods. Vitamin D
and reduce the risk of fractures.
can be obtained from sunlight exposure
and fortified foods such as fortified
Get enough sleep: Adequate
dairy products, orange juice, and
sleep is important for
cereals.
overall health, including
bone health. During sleep, the
body repairs and rebuilds
bone tissue. Aim for 7-9
hours of quality sleep each

02. night to support optimal

bone health.
THANK YOU!