PROSTHETIC ARM

1. WHAT IS “PROSTHETIC ARM”

A limb prosthesis is an artificial limb that replaces a missing body part, usually because
it has been amputated (cut).
The main causes of limb amputation could be blood vessel (vascular) disease, cancer,
injury (for example, from a motor vehicle crash, work-related accident, or military
combat) or birth defect

In the United States, about 1 in 200 people are currently living with the loss of a limb
(arm or leg) , and about 500 amputations are done each day. This percentage is likely to
increase because, as the population ages, more people will develop diabetes and
vascular disease.
For people who have had an amputation, a prosthesis (artificial limb) is often
recommended to replace that body part. At a minimum, a prosthesis should enable the
person to perform daily activities (such as walking, eating, and dressing) independently
and comfortably. At best, a prosthesis may enable the person to function as well or
nearly as well as before the amputation.

Highly motivated healthy people with a prosthesis can accomplish many extraordinary
feats (success) (for example, go skydiving, climb mountains, complete triathlons, fully
participate in sports, or return to demanding jobs or to active duty in the military).
Whether a prosthesis is used only for basic mobility (movements) or for more
demanding activities, it can provide profound psychologic benefits (lợi ích sâu sắc về
tâm lý) and improve quality of life

(Source: Overview of Limb Prosthetics - Special Subjects - MSD Manual Consumer

Version (msdmanuals.com) at :https//www.msdmanuals.com/home/special-subjects/limb-
prosthetics/overview-of-limb-prosthetics)

2. HOW TECHNOLOGY CHANGE HUMAN LIFE (POSITIVE WAY)

a. Medical Treatment
How is Technology in Healthcare revolutionizing (change) the way we approach
Medical Treatment? Thanks to digital transformation, the healthcare industry has
achieved new heights (the most successful time) with regard to treatment methodologies
and user experiences. The twentieth century was the golden period in terms of
achievement in the medical field, thanks to the contribution of advanced technologies.
Since then, we have not looked back. From doctors using limited resources for
diagnosing (examine) a patient to the invention of infusion pumps (máy bơm truyền
dịch), dialysis machines(máy lọc máu), antibiotics (chất kháng sinh), heart valves (van
tim), and MRI scanners, technology has evolved (developed) a lot.
Technology in healthcare has improved efficiency, accessibility, accuracy, treatment
methodologies, etc. There are several ways technology is transforming the way we
approach medical treatment. Let’s explore!
The Transformative Potential of Technologies in Healthcare
Electronic Health Records (EHR)
An EHR is a collection of patient health records that is systematic and digital. They are
easy to access and share if you are an authorized user. EHRs may contain a variety of
data, including billing information, statistics, medical history, prescription (sự kê
toa/đơn thuốc) and allergy information, vaccination status, laboratory test results,
radiological pictures, and patient’s vital signs. EHRs are used for charting and analyzing
patients' data. In the yesteryears, patient records were written on paper and stored in
huge, bulky files. As such, there was always a big risk of losing confidential and sensitive
patient data. Health-related records stored in EHR systems have successfully mitigated
the risks associated with such costly misses.
Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare

The Role of AI in Cancer Detection and Treatment:

AI helps in cancer diagnosis. For decades, a biopsy was the primary method of
diagnosing cancer, but it did not offer a complete image of the organ tissue. Today, you
can use AI to carry out scans of specific organs for detecting (discover) cancer. Medical
imaging technologies such as MRI, CT, and PET scans generate vast amounts of image
data.
AI has already been used successfully to detect cancer in a variety of organs (part of
body), including the lungs, prostate (tuyến tiền liệt), brain, etc. AI-powered imaging
tools have shown promising results in improving cancer detection rates and reducing
false positives, which can lead to earlier diagnosis and treatment and generate better
patient outcomes (result).

Health Apps and Wearable Devices

Many healthcare technologies focus on users’ comfort, convenience, and personalization
(the process making st suit a person). Healthcare applications and Wearable devices are
trending these days and prove immensely helpful to users.

Mobile Healthcare Apps

 Medical Reference Apps: These apps provide healthcare professionals with

access to a range of medical resources, including drug information, medical
calculators, and clinical guidelines (hướng dẫn lâm sàng).
 Fitness and Wellness Apps: It is important to monitor your health nowadays.
Fitness apps exactly do that work for you. These apps provide users with
useful information about their bodies and help them track health vitals like
physical activity, sleep, calorie intake, nutrition, etc.
 Medication Management Apps: These apps assist patients in managing their
prescriptions by reminding them when to take their medications, tracking
medication consumption, and offering information on potential side effects of
medicines.
 Telemedicine Applications: These apps enable patients to consult with
healthcare practitioners via video conferencing and other digital technologies
remotely without the need for visiting a medical facility.

Overall, mobile apps have the potential to improve patient outcomes and make healthcare
more accessible and efficient.

Wearable Devices
Wearable devices are getting more popular day by day as everyone is concerned about
their health, thanks to increased public awareness. Because of their capacity to enable
real-time monitoring and tracking of numerous health data points, the adoption rate of
wearable gadgets is skyrocketing. Here are some examples.

 Fitness Trackers: These devices monitor physical activity, including steps

taken, distance traveled, and calories burned. They can also track sleep
patterns and provide feedback on overall fitness levels. They give full stats of
your daily physical activity. So, it becomes easier to monitor your workout.
 Smartwatches: Smartwatches are the ideal device for health tracking because
they are portable and simple to use. They have features like monitoring heart
rate, blood pressure, etc. Some models also offer features such as ECG
monitoring and fall detection.
 Blood Glucose Monitors: Regular tracking of blood sugar levels is necessary.
It can tell you how well your diabetes is controlled. Blood glucose monitors
 allow individuals with diabetes to monitor their blood glucose levels in real-
time without having to visit a clinic. These devices provide data that can help
in making treatment decisions.
 Medical Alert Systems: These gadgets (devices), which may be worn as a
bracelet or pendant, can notify medical personnel of an emergency.

Overall, wearable devices have the potential to transform healthcare by providing real-
time monitoring and tracking of various health metrics, improving patient outcomes, and
reducing healthcare costs.

Mental Health

Teletherapy, often known as online therapy (treatment-trị liệu), allows people to obtain
mental health treatments from a distance, which may be especially beneficial for those
who reside (live) in rural or underserved regions and have disabilities or transportation
challenges. Teletherapy sessions can be carried out via videoconference, phone, or text
messaging.
A wide range of mental health application is available, providing tools and information
for treating mental health issues such as anxiety and depression, the two commonest
forms of mental health conditions. These applications offer features like mood tracking,
meditation activities, and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT).

Surgical Technology in Healthcare

Over the years, surgery has witnessed some of the most significant advancements in
healthcare technology. Even now, as you are scrolling through this article, some robots
are assisting with complicated surgeries somewhere in the world. These robots vary in
size, specialization, etc. Using robots to assist with surgery can increase precision
(accuracy) while decreasing the risk of many operations. This will help patients have
much faster recovery times, less pain, and a much lower risk of infection. Furthermore,
these robots will relieve (reduce) doctors of their workload and stress. This involves
everything from pre-planning surgeries to executing (perform) them to monitoring the
outcomes. With the use of existing technologies, we can execute and examine scans
without creating a single incision (vết mổ) to plan procedures. Implantable devices
(thiết bị cấy ghép) that deliver real-time blood flow data directly to our phones are also
available.

3D Printing
3D printing is a manufacturing technology that turns a digital model file into a real
physical product. 3D printing in healthcare is manufacturing custom prosthetics, body
organs for surgery, and implants. It has enormous potential, and it has taken the
healthcare industry by storm. It saves a huge amount of money, that can be spent on other
medical equipment. It is sustainable and appears to be working at the moment. The print
is made up of materials that are combined, such as plastic, metals, ceramics, and
bioprinting materials. With time and development in technology, this treatment technique
will be more efficient and less costly than it is now.

b. Communication
Technology has had a significant impact on the way we communicate, both positively
and negatively. Here are some of the ways technology affects communication:
Increased connectivity: Technology has made it easier for people to connect with one
another regardless of location. This means that people can communicate with friends,
family, and colleagues no matter where they are in the world.
Changes in communication methods: Technology has introduced new ways of
communicating, such as email, instant messaging, and video conferencing. These
methods have made communication faster and more convenient, but they have also led to
a decrease in face-to-face communication.
Distracted communication: With the rise of smartphones and social media, people are
increasingly distracted when communicating with others. This can lead to a lack of
engagement and misunderstandings.
Misinterpretation: Written communication, such as email and text messages, can be
easily misinterpreted. This is because tone and body language are not conveyed, which
can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts.
Information overload: The sheer volume of information available through technology can
be overwhelming. This can make it difficult for people to filter through and find the
information they need.
Overall, technology has had a profound impact on communication, and it will continue to
shape the way we interact with one another in the future.

(Source: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/how-technology-affects-communication-keshav-
s#:~:text=Changes%20in%20communication%20methods%3A%20Technology,face-to-
face%20communication)

c. The way we work

Technology has significantly impacted how we work, from transforming traditional
workplaces to enabling remote work and global collaboration. With the emergence
(appearance) of new technologies, we are witnessing a shift (change) towards a
more connected, digital, and flexible work environment.
One of the most significant ways technology has changed how we work is enabling
remote work. Advances in communication and collaboration technologies such as video
conferencing, online project management tools, and cloud-based storage systems have
made it possible for individuals to work from anywhere in the world. This has led to an
increase in the number of remote workers, giving individuals the freedom to choose
where and when they work and allowing companies to tap into (use) a global talent pool
(nguồn nhân tài)
Technology has also revolutionized (changed) the way we collaborate. With the rise
of Enterprise Staffing Software and digital collaboration tools such as Slack, Trello, and
Asana, teams can work together in real-time, regardless of their location. This has
facilitated more efficient and effective communication and has enabled teams to complete
projects faster without the need for face-to-face meetings.
Another impact of technology on the way we work is automation. With the development
of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning, we are seeing more and more routine
and repetitive (boring) tasks being automated, freeing up time for workers to focus on
more complex and creative work. This has the potential to increase productivity, reduce
errors, and drive (promote , thúc đẩy) innovation (new ideas or methods-đổi mới).
However, the impact of technology on the way we work is not all positive. Concerns
have been raised about the potential negative effects of technology on job security, as
automation may replace certain jobs. There are also concerns about the impact of
technology on work-life balance, as the ability to work remotely can lead to an “always-
on” culture, blurring the lines between work and personal time.
In conclusion, technology has had a profound impact on the way we work, from enabling
remote work and global collaboration to driving automation and innovation. While there
are concerns (worry) about the potential negative effects of technology on job security
and work-life balance, it is clear that technology will continue to play a significant role in
shaping the future of work.
(Source: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/technology-has-changed-way-we-work-some-
good-bad-matt-buffington)

d. The way we learn

The sweeping shift of technology into Education introduced a dynamic transformation

that has faded the days of “one-size-fits-all” education as history. The introduction of
technology has revolutionized the way we learn. Learners today have more choices than
ever before as they only need their gadgets and internet access to study.
From allowing educators to develop instructional materials easily to enabling individuals
to learn and collaborate in different ways, technology is a potent tool (powerful and
effective) that aids and enhances learning in several ways. With the global reach of the
Internet and the extensive availability of smart devices, a new era of ‘anytime and
anywhere’ learning is on the rise.

Multimedia in Education
Multimedia is a hub (center) of possibilities for educators and learners in the world of
technology. Multimedia learning materials provide content in the form of videos, audio,
music, gifs, infographics, etc.
Multimedia features enhance the teaching quality of an educator allowing them to teach
students efficiently. They can use PPTs, animation, etc., to prepare their modules or
lessons in innovative ways. And students get to learn in an engaging way that helps them
to get the concepts effortlessly and remember them. Moreover, multimedia content
simplifies learning and initiates (create) seamless communication (giao tiếp liền mạch,
ko gián đoạn) between educators and students.

Efficient Assessment
Assessment is one of the significant parts of learning. The main idea of teaching is to
ensure that the students are learning and making the most out of it. This is where the
assessment comes in, assessment makes it possible for educators and students to easily
track the learner’s progress. With online learning platforms, teachers can easily assess
learners' performance in real-time and can help them improve their weak areas.

From Passive to Active or Brain-based Learning

This shift from a teacher-centered to a learner-centered approach is one of the most
positive consequences of technology. Learners now are no longer content-receptors, they
merely take down notes or listen to educators talk for hours without pause. They now
have different learning expectations that are more engaging and where they can have
control over their lessons. With the help of technology, these active learners switch on
their gadgets and start their learning at their own pace.

E- Study Material
The traditional sources to acquire knowledge were teachers and students. The only option
available to learn extra was the library or numerous books, which results in wasting a lot
of time. However, thanks to technology, online study materials have made students’ lives
much better. E- study material aids students to start learning anytime and anywhere.
Moreover, studying online motivates learners to self-learn and boost their self-
confidence.

3. NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF TECHNOLOGY ON HEALTH : WHAT TO KNOW

While some forms of technology may have made positive changes in the world, there is
evidence for the negative effects of technology and its overuse, as well.
a. Psychological effects
Overuse or dependence on technology may have adverse psychological effects,
including:

Isolation: Technologies, such as social media, are designed to bring people together, yet
they may have the opposite effect in some cases. A 2017study in young adults aged 19–
32 years found that people with higher social media use were more than three times as
likely to feel socially isolated than those who did not use social media as often.Finding
ways to reduce social media use, such as setting time limits for social apps, may help
reduce feelings of isolation in some people.

Depression and anxiety: The authors of a 2016 systematic review Trusted

Source discussed the link between social networks and mental health issues, such as
depression and anxiety. Their research found mixed results. People who had more
positive interactions and social support on these platforms appeared to have lower levels
of depression and anxiety. However, the reverse was also true. People who perceived that
they had more negative social interactions online experienced higher levels of depression
and anxiety.

b. Physical health effects

Technology use may increase the risk of physical issues as well, including:
Eyestrain: Technologies, such as handheld tablets, smartphones, and computers, can
hold a person’s attention for long periods. This may lead to eyestrain.Symptoms of digital
eyestrain can include blurred vision and dry eyes. Eyestrain may also lead to pains in
other areas of the body, such as the head, neck, or shoulders. So, regular breaks away
from the screen may reduce the likelihood of eyestrain. Anyone regularly experiencing
these symptoms should see an optometrist for a checkup.

Poor posture The way many people use mobile devices and computers may also
contribute to incorrect posture. Over time, this may lead to musculoskeletal issues.Many
technologies promote a “down and forward” user position, meaning the person is
hunched forward and looking down at the screen. This can put an unnecessary amount of
pressure on the neck and spine.
Sleep problems: Using technology too close to bedtime may cause issues with sleep.
This effect has to do with the fact that blue light, such as the light from cell phones, e-
readers, and computers, stimulates the brain. Authors of a 2014 study found that this blue
light is enough to disturb the body’s natural circadian rhythm. This disturbance could
make it harder to fall asleep or lead to a person feeling less alert the next day. To avoid
the potential impact of blue light on the brain, people can stop using electronic devices
that emit blue light in the hour or two before bedtime. Gentle activities to wind down
with instead, such as reading a book, doing gentle stretches, or taking a bath, are
alternatives.

Reduced physical activity Most everyday digital technologies are sedentary. More
extended use of these technologies promotes a more sedentary lifestyle, which is known
to have negative health effects, such as contributing to obesity, cardiovascular disease,
type 2 diabetes and premature death

4. NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF TECHNOLOGY ON WORKPLACE : WHAT TO

KNOW
Technology is the biggest reason for distraction : Constant notifications,
multiple web pages open on the desktop, and emails flowing in every hour –
these are just a few of the many distractions caused by technology. Distraction is
one of the most harmful impacts of technology at the workplace. The result?
Cognitive scientist Gloria Mark says, is, people compensating for interruptions
by working faster, leading to stress, frustration and pressure. All of this leads to
poor productivity. Researcher Eilish Duke explains [K2] the reasons: technology
like smartphones distract us from achieving a state of flow at work – a state in
which we are fully absorbed in an activity while being productive. Long-term
increased distractions lead to chemical imbalance in the brain, which results into
fatigue (tiredness) and anxiety.
Addiction to electronic gadgets
The need to constantly look at ones phone, to continuously check emails and
respond to every beep or ring has lead to addiction to gadgets. People with
gadget addiction have higher levels of GABA (gamma amino butyric acid) – a
chemical that slows down signals in the brain. This chemical is linked to vision,
motor control, and various other brain functions.

Always-on lifestyle
According to Pew Research Center, we exchange an average of 109 messages on
a normal workday. Our work hours have increased by about five hours a day
because of staying connected, in office and after work hours. Its impact is not
just limited to individuals. Addiction to technology and continuous access to it
are contributing to a societal dearth (lack) of sleep. Some of the common health
problems caused due to over use of gadgets are: carpal tunnel in the wrist,
bulging discs in the neck and back, stress, damaged eyesight, sleeping disorders,
depression and weight gain. These health issues affect a person’s performance at
work, leading to increased absenteeism and a decrease in mental and physical
capacity to perform well at work.
Impact on employment
According to an Accenture report, more than half of the world’s population is
worried about losing their jobs to automation. Experts predict that between 5
and 10 million jobs could be lost to automation by 2020. Tesla CEO Elon Musk
considers automation as humanity’s “biggest existential threat.” People across
industries like automotive, finance, and manufacturing are worried about their
future. However, studies show that only 5% of the jobs are fully functional
without human intervention. Simply put, even machines need human beings to
operate them.

(Source: different sources from the internet)