3In today’s lesson, you will be able to learn

Multiplication of integers

Properties of Multiplication of integers

0
Std. VII Maths Integers 1 of 18
 What is shown here?

How will you write addition statement for this? 2+2+2+2

How many times 2 is added? 4 times

Can we represent it as 4 × 2?
Yes

Std. VII Maths Integers 2 of 18

 −10 −9 −8 −7 −6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5

Can
Howwe
will
represent
you write
addition
addition
of statement
–2 in the same
for this?
way? (–2) + (–2) + (–2) + (–2)

How will you write the above as multiplication fact? 4 × (–2)

What will be the answer? –8

Std. VII Maths Integers 3 of 18

 Rules for Multiplying Integers

Rule 1: If the integers have the same signs then the product will be
positive.

¿
5×3= ?15 (−6) × (−4) = ?
24

Std. VII Maths Integers 4 of 18

 Rules for Multiplying Integers

Rule 2: If the integers have different signs then the product will be
negative.

(−)× ¿ ¿
(−4) × 2 = ?
−8 7 × (−3) = −21
?

Std. VII Maths Integers 5 of 18

 Rules for Multiplying Integers

Multiplying a positive integer and a negative integer, we multiply them as whole

numbers and put a minus sign (–) before the product. We thus get
a negative integer.

(−7) × 4 = −(7 × 4) = −28

The product of two negative integers is a positive integer. We multiply the two negative
integers as whole numbers and put the positive sign before the product.

(−6) × (−5) = 6 × 5 = 30

Std. VII Maths Integers 6 of 18

 Closure Property
The product of two integers is also an integer. If a and b are any two integers,
then a  b is also an integer.

(−50) × 3 = −150
? (−21) × (−20) = 420?

Is −150 an integer? Is 420 an integer?

Std. VII Maths Integers 7 of 18

 Rotating the grids below doesn't
Do you remember affect their areas.
commutative property of
whole numbers?

2 × 5 is the same as saying

5×2
Commutative property
is applicable for integers
also.

Std. VII Maths Integers 8 of 18

 Distributive Property of Multiplication
Commutative Property over Addition

The product of two integers remains the same whatever may be the order of
multiplication. If a and b are any two integers , then

a×b=b×a

14 × (−5) = −70
(−5) × 14 = −70
 14 × (−5) = (−5) × 14

Std. VII Maths Integers 9 of 18

 (2 × 3) × 4= 6 × 4 = 24 2 × (3 × 4)= 2 × 12 = 24

Which property of whole numbers is shown here? Associative Property

Associative property is applicable for integers also.

Std. VII Maths Integers 10 of 18

 Associative Property
The product of three or more integers remains the same whatever may be the
order of multiplication. For three integers a, b and c,
a  (b  c)= (a  b)  c

(−6) × [(−5) × 3]= (−6) × [−15] = 90

[(−6) × (−5)] × 3 = [30 × 3] = 90

Std. VII Maths Integers 11 of 18

 Use the associative property to determine whether the
equations below are true or false.

−5 × (2 × 7) = (−5 × 2) × 7 True

(−2 × 4) × (−6) = (−2) × [(−4) × (−6)] False

−5 × (−3) × (−4) = 5 × − 3 × (−4) False

(−2 + 4) + 6 = (−2) + [4 + 6]

−8 × (7 × 4)= (−8 × 7) × 4 True

Std. VII Maths Integers 12 of 18

 Multiplicative Identity
If a is an integer, then a  1 = a.
1 is called the multiplicative identity for the integer.

(−15) × 1 = ?
−15

(−64) × 1 = ?
−64

Std. VII Maths Integers 13 of 18

 Multiplication by Zero
Product of any integer with zero is always zero.
If a is an integer, then a × 0 = 0

(−69) × 0 = 0?

Std. VII Maths Integers 14 of 18

 Group the sticky notes correctly under the two headings:

Commutative Multiplicative Identity Associative

(−4) × [(−5) × 2] = [−4 × (−5)] × 2 related to

rearranging the
1 × −74 = −74
integers

related to grouping
of the integers −28 × 1 = −28
−7 × (−3) = ( −3) × (−7)

Std. VII Maths Integers 15 of 18

 Group the sticky notes correctly under the three headings:

Commutative Multiplicative Identity Associative

−7 × (−3) = ( −3) × (−7) −28 × 1 = −28

related to grouping
of the integers

1 × −74 = −74
related to
rearranging the (−4) × [(−5) × 2] = [−4 × (−5)] × 2
integers

Std. VII Maths Integers 16 of 18

 Distributive Property of Multiplication over Addition

If a, b and c are any three integers, then

a  (b + c) = (a  b) + (a  c)

If a = 12, b = 5 and c = −2 verify a  (b + c) = (a  b) + (a  c)

a  (b + c) = 12  [5 +(−2)]
= 12  [3] =36 Let’s verify the
distributive Property
(a  b) + (a  c) = (12  5) + (12  (−2) of multiplication over
addition.
= 60 − 24 = 36
LHS = RHS,
a  (b + c) = (a  b) + (a  c)

Hence, multiplication distributes over addition.

Std. VII Maths Integers 17 of 18

 Distributive Property of Multiplication over Subtraction

If a, b and c are any three integers, then

a  (b − c) = (a  b) − (a  c)

If a = 12, b = 5 and c = −2 verify a  (b − c) = (a  b) − (a  c)

a  (b − c) = 12  [5 − (−2)] = 12  [5 + 2]
= 12  [7] =84 Let’s verify the
distributive Property
(a  b) − (a  c) = (12  5) − (12  (−2) of multiplication over
subtraction.
= 60 + 24 = 84
LHS = RHS,
a  (b − c) = (a  b) − (a  c)

Hence, multiplication distributes over subtraction.

Std. VII Maths Integers 18 of 18