ACADEMIC SESSION 2024-25

TOPIC WORKSHEET - 2
SOCIAL SCIENCE
GRADE 8
FROM TRADE TO TERRITORY

Tipu Sultan-‘The Tiger of Mysore’:

❖ Sultan was the son of Haidar Ali, ruler of Mysore.
❖ Tipu Sultan ruled Mysore from 1782 to 1799.
❖ Tipu Sultan took the help of French to modernise his army and sent foreign delegates together the foreign
help against British.
❖ Four wars were fought between Britishers and Mysore and were known as the Anglo-Mysore wars (1767-
1769, 1780-84, 1790-92 and 1799).
❖ In 1799, the Britishers won the battle of Seringapatam against Mysore.
❖ Tipu Sultan was killed defending his capital Seringapatam.

Describe the Anglo-Maratha wars and its consequences.

The Marathas were subdued in a series of wars:
❖ In the first war that ended in 1782 with the Treaty of Salbai, there was no clear victor.
❖ The second war from 1803 to 1805, was fought on different fronts, resulted in the British gaining Orissa and
the territories north of the Yamuna River including Agra and Delhi.
❖ The third Anglo-Maratha war of 1817-19 crushed the Maratha power.
❖ The Peshwa was removed and sent to Bithur near Kanpur with pension.
❖ The company now had complete control over the territories south of the Vindhyas.

What was the system of Paramountcy?

❖ Under Lord Hastings a new policy of paramountcy was initiated.
❖ Now the company claimed that its authority was paramount or supreme, hence its power was greater than that
of Indian states.
❖ In order to protect its interest it was justified in annexing or threatening to annex any Indian kingdom.
❖ This view continued to guide later British policies as well.

Doctrine of Lapse:
❖ Under the reign of Lord Dalhousie (1848-56), they adopted the policy of Lapse.
❖ According to this policy, the rulers who does not have any legal heir could not pass on their property to the
adopted son and it would be taken over by British.
❖ Satara (1848), Sambhalpur (1850), Jhansi (1854) were annexed by this policy.

In what way was the administration of the company different from that of Indian rulers?
❖ The administration of the company was different from that of the Indian rulers in the following ways:
❖ British territories were divided into administrative units called Presidencies—Bengal, Madras and Bombay were
the main administrative units.
❖ Each presidency was ruled by a Governor. Districts were ruled by the collectors.
❖ The Governor-General was the supreme head of the administration.
Describe introduced
❖ The Governor-General the changesseveral
that occurred in the composition
administrative of the
reforms, notably in company's army.
the sphere of justice.
❖ The following changes occurred in the company's army:
❖ The company began recruitment for its own army, which came to be known as the Sepoy army which was
similar to the Mughal army.
❖ As warfare technology changed from the 1820s, the Cavalry requirements of the company's army declined.
❖ The soldiers of the company's army had to keep pace with changing military requirements and its infantry
regiments now became more important.
❖ In the early 19th century, the British began to develop a uniform military culture.
A. Tick the correct option:
1. Which of these was not a Presidency?
a. Bombay b. Madras c. Bengal d. Hyderabad

2. Who initiated the policy of “paramountcy”?

a. Lord Hastings b. Lord Wellesley c. Lord Dalhousie d. Robert Clive

3. When did Tipu Sultan become the ruler of Mysore?

a. 1757 b. 1764 c. 1782 d. 1799

B. The words in bold are incorrect. Write the correct words.

1. The French were the first to set up a trading post in India. _______________________
2. Awadh was the first province to be acquired by the EIC. _______________________
3. Haider Ali and Tipu Sultan ruled over Hyderabad. _______________________
4. The third battle of Sonipat was fought in 1761. _______________________
5. Punjab was ruled by Maharaja Pratap Singh. _______________________
C. Read the clues and write the answers.
1. He was known as the “Tiger of Mysore”. _______________________
2. She was the brave queen of Kitoor. _______________________
3. He was the General-Governor from 1773-1785. _______________________