KAHUHO UHURU HIGH SCHOOL

FORM 2 HOLIDAY ASSIGNMENT

BIOLOGY
AUG 2014
 Answer all questions in the paper.
1.Explain the difference between wall pressure and turgor pressure (2 marks)
2. Explain each of the following statements
a) Protease enzymes in the gut digest dietary proteins but do not digest the wall of the gut. (2 marks)
b) Starch is digested in the mouth and not in the stomach (2 marks)
3. The enzyme pepsin and trypsin are secreted as inactive precursor:
a) What are the names of the precursors (2 marks)
b) Why are they secreted in an inactive form (1 marks)
4. State the importance of a transport system in animals (3marks)
5. Identify the structures that transport the following in plants
a) water and mineral salts (1mark)
b) Organic food substances (1mark)
6.Which structure makes single celled organisms like amoeba to obtain food substances and get rid of wastes
(1mark)
7. Distinguish between a monocot stem and a dicot stem (2marks)
8.Which physiological processes carry out the following: (2marks)
a) Absorption of water from the soil
b) Absorption of minerals from the soil
9. The figure below shows a half jaw of an animal, use it to answer the questions that follow.

a) State the number of teeth found in the lower jaw. (1mark)

b) (i) State the mode of feeding (1mark)
(ii) Give a reason for your answer in b(i) above (1mark)
c) State one function of enamel in mammalian tooth. (1mark)
10. The diagram below shows section of the plant. Examine it and answer the following Questions

(a) Identify the section of the plant above. (1 Mark)

(b) Identify parts labeled M and Z (2 marks)
(c) State the function of section M. (1 mark)
11. The diagram below represents a section through a human tooth

a) i) Name the type of tooth shown.

ii) Give a reason for your answer in (a) (i) above. (1mark)
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b) State a factor that denatures enzymes. (1mark )

12. State any three functions of the mucus, which is secreted along the wall of the alimentary canal.
(3marks)
13. a) Distinguish between the terms homodont and heterodont. (1mark)
b) What is the function of carnasial teeth? (1mark)
c) A certain animal has no incisors, no canines, 6 premolars and 6 molars in its upper jaw, in the
lower jaw there are 6 incisors, 2 canines, 6 premolars and 6 molars. Write its dental formula.
14. a) What does the term digestion mean? (2mks)
b) Describe how the mammalian small intestine is adapted to its function. (14mks)
15. The enzymes pepsin and trypsin are secreted as inactive precursors:
(a) What are the names the precursors? (2mks)
(b) Why are they secreted in an inactive form? (1mk)

(c) State any three functions of the mucus which is secreted along the wall of the alimentary canal
16. What characteristics do mammalian lungs and the gills of a bony fish have in common that enables them to
exchange gases efficiently (4 marks)
17. Explain why a fish has to pass large amounts of water continuously over its gills during gaseous exchange
(2 marks)
18. The diagram below represents a part of the rib cage.

a) Name the parts labeled W, Y and Z. (3marks)

b) How does the part labeled Z facilitates breathing in? (3marks)
19. The diagram below represents some gaseous exchange structures in humans

(a) Name the structures labeled K, L, and M ( 3 marks)

(b) How is the structure labeled J suited to its function? ( 2 marks)
(c) Name the process by which inhaled air moves from the structure labeled L into
blood capillaries ( 1 mark)
(d ) Give the scientific name of the organism that causes tuberculosis in humans (1 mark)
18. (a) Name the gaseous exchange surface in insects ( 1 mark)
(b) How is the surface named in (a) above suited to its function ( 2 marks)
19. (a) State four characteristics of gaseous exchange surfaces (4 marks)
(b) Describe the mechanism (Ventilation) of gaseous exchange in a mammal (12 marks)
20. Describe the applications of anaerobic respiration (10marks)
21. What is meant by the following terms as used in repiration (4marks)
a) Oxygen debt
b) Respiratory quotient
c) Aerobic respiration
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d) Glycolysis
22. State four differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration (4marks)