GRAMMAR UNIT 3: Compound and Complex Sentences

1. Structure:
- Compound Sentence:
- Combines two or more independent clauses (each can stand alone as a complete sentence).
- Clauses are joined by coordinating conjunctions (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) or punctuation like a
semicolon.
- Complex Sentence:
- Contains one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses (cannot stand alone as a
complete sentence).
- Dependent clauses are connected to the independent clause by subordinating conjunctions (because,
although, since, unless, etc.).

2. Conjunctions and Punctuation:

- Compound Sentence:
- Uses coordinating conjunctions or a semicolon to link clauses.
- Complex Sentence:
- Uses subordinating conjunctions to connect the dependent clause(s) to the independent clause.

3. Example Sentences:
- Compound Sentence:
- Example: “I wanted to go for a walk, but it started raining.”
- Here, "I wanted to go for a walk" and "it started raining" are independent clauses joined by "but."
- Complex Sentence:
- Example: I went for a walk because the weather was nice.
- Here, "I went for a walk" is the independent clause, and "because the weather was nice" is the
dependent clause connected by "because."

4. Purpose:
- Compound Sentence:
- Links ideas of equal importance.
 - Example: “I enjoy reading, and I love painting.” (Both actions are equally emphasized.)
- Complex Sentence:
- Shows the relationship between ideas, often indicating cause, time, contrast, or condition.
- Example: Although it was raining, we went to the park. (The dependent clause adds context to the
main action.)
EXERCISES

Exercise 1: Compound Sentences with "and"

Instructions: Combine the following pairs of simple sentences into compound sentences using "and."

1. I finished my homework. I watched a movie.

……………………………………………………………………………………
2. She likes to read. She enjoys painting.
……………………………………………………………………………………
3. The dog barked. The cat ran away.
……………………………………………………………………………………
4. We visited the museum. We took lots of photos.
……………………………………………………………………………………
5. He worked hard all day. He went to bed early.
……………………………………………………………………………………
6. The weather was nice. We decided to have a picnic.
……………………………………………………………………………………
7. John played the guitar. Emma sang along.
……………………………………………………………………………………
8. They cleaned the house. They prepared dinner.
……………………………………………………………………………………
9. I went to the store. I bought some groceries.
……………………………………………………………………………………
10. The kids played in the park. The parents relaxed on the benches.
……………………………………………………………………………………

Exercise 2: Complex Sentences with "so that"

Instructions: Combine the following pairs of simple sentences into complex sentences using "so that."

1. He saved money. He could buy a new car.

……………………………………………………………………………………
2. She studied hard. She could pass the exam.
……………………………………………………………………………………
3. We left early. We could avoid the traffic.
……………………………………………………………………………………
4. I took notes during the lecture. I could review them later.
……………………………………………………………………………………
5. They built a fence. The dog wouldn't escape.
……………………………………………………………………………………
6. She wore a warm coat. She wouldn't get cold.
……………………………………………………………………………………
7. He practiced every day. He could improve his skills.
……………………………………………………………………………………
8. We arranged a meeting. We could discuss the project.
……………………………………………………………………………………
9. I asked for directions. I wouldn’t get lost.
……………………………………………………………………………………
10. They installed security cameras. They could monitor the area.
……………………………………………………………………………………

END