MMÜ 306 HEAT TRANSFER

Suggested problem set # 3

1) As shown in the figure, a transparent film is being bonded to a substrate in a manufacturing process.
Temperatures at the bottom of the substrate and at the bond are given in the figure. The top of the film is
exposed to convection heat transfer and constant and uniform heat flux is applied at the bonded surface
(between the film and the substrate).

a) Show the thermal circuit representing the steady state heat transfer situation and label all temperature,
resistances, and heat fluxes. Do not put the numerical values; leave it in the symbolic form.
b) Calculate the required heat flux to keep the bonded surface at 60°C for the conditions given in the
figure. Ans: 2717 W/m^2
2) A very thin electrical resistance providing a uniform heat flux of
 at steady state conditions separates a
composite cylindrical wall is composed of two materials. Liquid pumped through the tube is at temperature
T∞,i and provides a convection coefficient hi at the inner surface of the composite. The outer surface is
exposed to convection heat transfer of ambient air and the inner surface is exposed to a constant
temperature liquid flow as shown in the figure.

a) Sketch the equivalent thermal circuit of the system, label temperature values and express all resistances
in terms of relevant variables.
b) Obtain an expression for Th in terms of other variables.

3) (previous midterm exam question) The air inside a chamber at T∞,i = 50°C is heated convectively with
hi=20 W/m2K by a 200 mm thick wall having a thermal conductivity of 4 W/mK and a uniform heat
generation of 1000 W/m3. To prevent any heat generated within the wall from being lost to the outside of
the chamber at T∞,o = 25°C with ho=5 W/m2K, a very thin electrical strip heater is placed on the outer wall
to provide a uniform heat flux,
 ′′.
 a) Sketch the temperature distribution in the wall on T-x coordinates for the condition where no heat
generated within the wall is lost to the outside of the chamber
b) What are the temperatures at the wall boundaries T(0) and T(L) for the conditions of part (a) Ans: 65°C & 60°C
c) Determine the value of
 ′′ that must be supplied by the strip heater so that all heat generated within the
wall is transferred to the inside of the chamber ANS: 200 W/m^2
d) If the heat generation in the wall were switched off while the heat flux to the strip remained constant,
what would be the steady state temperature, T(0), of the outer surface? ANS: 55°C

4) Radioactive wastes are packed in a thin-walled spherical container. The wastes generate thermal energy
non-uniformly according to the relation
 =
 1 − ( ) , where
 is the local rate of energy generation

per unit volume,
 is a constant and ro is the radius of the container. Steady-state conditions are maintained
by submerging the container in a liquid that is at T∞ and provides a uniform convection coefficient h.

Determine the temperature distribution T(r) in the container. Express your results in terms of
 , ro, T∞, h
and the thermal conductivity of radioactive wastes k.

5) A composite wall separates combustion gases at 2600°C from a liquid coolant at 100°C.
Convection coefficients for gas and liquid sides are 50 and 1000 W/m2K, respectively. The wall is
composed of a 10 mm thick layer of beryllium oxide on the gas side and a 20 mm thick layer of
stainless steel (AISI 304) on the liquid side. The contact resistance between the oxide and the steel
is 0.05 m2K/W. Calculate the heat transfer per unit surface area of the composite. Sketch the
temperature distribution from the gas to the liquid. ANS: 34600 W/m^2, some T values: 1908°C, 1892°C,
162°C...
6) A thin electrical heater is inserted between a long circular rod and a concentric tube with inner and
outer radii of 20 and 40 mm. The rod (A) has a thermal conductivity of kA = 0.15 W/mK, while the
tube (B) has a thermal conductivity of kB = 1.5 W/mK and its outer surface is subjected to
convection with a fluid of temperature T∞ = -15°C and heat transfer coefficient 50 W/m2K. The
thermal contact resistance between the cylinder surfaces and the heater is negligible.
a. Determine the electrical power per unit length of the cylinders (W/m) that is required
to maintain the outer surface of cylinder B at 5°C. ANS: 251 W/m
b. What is the temperature at the center of cylinder A? ANS: 23.5°C
7) The exposed surface (x = 0) of a plane wall of thermal conductivity k is subjected to microwave
radiation that causes volumetric heating to vary as

where
 (W/m3) is a constant. The boundary at x = L is perfectly insulated, while the exposed
surface is maintained at a constant temperature To. Determine the temperature distribution T(x) in
terms of x, L, k,
 , and To.

8) A bakelite coating is to be used with a 10-mm-diameter conducting rod, whose surface is

maintained at 200°C by passage of an electrical current. The rod is in a fluid at 25°C, and the
convection coefficient is 140 W/m2K. What is the critical radius associated with the coating? What
is the heat transfer rate per unit length for the bare rod and for the rod with a coating of bakelite
that corresponds to the critical radius? How much bakelite should be added to reduce the heat
transfer associated with the bare rod by 25%? ANS: 0.01 m, 909 W/m, 55 mm

9)

ANS: 938 K, 931 K