e Questions 1. Distinguish between thermal capacity and water equivalent of a substance. (HLS. °78, ’86, 96, "OI, '04) 2, Show that the thermal capacity of unit mass of a substance is equal to specific heat of the material of that substance. [H.S. "94 3, (a) State and explain the fundamental principle of calorimetry. (H.S. 80, °88, "91, "92, ’95, ’98, ’00, ’02| (b) Mention the conditions under which it is applicable. {HLS. "80, ’88) (©) Under what conditions does this principle not hold good? (HLS. '02) 4. Describe briefly how you would determine in the laboratory the specific heat of a solid insoluble in water. (HS. 79) 5. Describe a simple experiment for demonstrating the difference in specific heats of different substances. ULE.E. °73] 6. Define specific heat of a substance indicating its nature of dependence on the unit of mass and the scale of temperature. Describe briefly a method for determination of specific heat of a solid insoluble in water. [Model Questions, H.S. Council, '78) 7. What is the ‘fundamental principle of calorimetry’? Show that in an ordinary calorimeter, the basic assumption behind this principle is not fulfilled accurately, What steps are generally taken to fulfil the assumption in a precision type calorimeter? 8. Describe an ordinary calorimeter. What is measured by the aid of a calorimeter? What precautions are generally taken to perform this experiment? [E] Simple Problems 1. 0°300 kg of water at 15°C are mixed with 0°500 kg of water at 30°C. What is the resulting temperature? [Ans, 2438°C] 2. Some hot water is added to four times its mass of water at 10°C. The resulting temperature was 25°C. What was the temperature of the hot water? Ans. 85°C] 3. An electric heater provides 4°2 x 10* J per minute. How much cold water at 0°C could be placed on the heater to raise its temperature to 100°C in 1 minute? Assume complete utilization of heat. [Ans. 0:1 kg} 4. A water bath contains 120 kg of water at 50°C. Hot and cold taps are turned on to deliver 20 kg of water per minute each at temperatures of 60°C and 10°C respectively. How long will it be before the temperature in the bath has dropped to 40°C? Assume complete mixing of water and ignore heat losses. [Ans. 6 min} 5. Equal volumes of mercury and glass have the same capacity of heat. Calculate the specific heat of glass of density 2°6 x 10° kg/m’, if the specific heat of mercury is 0°034 and density is 13°59 x 10° kg/m’. [Ans. 07178) 6. Two substances have their densities in the ratio3 4 and specific heats 0°13 and 0-09 respectively. Compare their thermal capacities per unit volume. [Ans. 13 ¢ 12) 7. How much heat is required to raise the temperature of 7 x 10-3 kg aluminium of specific heat 0-21 from 10°C to 30°C? Find also the thermal capacity and water equivalent of the metal, (Ans, 123°48 J, 6174 IPC, 1°47 x 107 kel 8. 0-080 kg of iron at 0°C cools some water contained in a calorimeter from 25°C to 24°C. Calculate the thermal capacity of the calorimeter and its contents. [Specific heat of iron = 0'11) [Ans. 887-04 1/°C-'] 9. Specific gravity of one liquid is 0°7 and that of another liquid is 0'4. Thermal capacity of 4 litre of the first liquid and that of 3 litre of the second liquid are equal. Calculate the ratio of the specific heats of the liquids. {H.S. 704) (Ans. 3:7) 10. Aniron saucepan contains 0'100 kg of water of 25°C. 0'050 kg of water at 60°C are poured into it and the resultant temperature is found to be 35°C. Calculate the water equivalent of the pan, assuming no loss of heat by radiation & otherwise. If the mass of the pan be 0'238 kg, what is the specific heat of iron? [H.S, Comp. ’60) (Ans. 0°025 kg; 0°105]TE cum + 70 11. An aluminium container of mass 0-050 kg contains 0°100 kg of water at 25°C. Heat is added to the system at the rate of 210 J/s. What is the temperature of the system after 2 min? Given that, the specific heat of aluminium = 0-2. Aas. 79'5°C) 12, 1f 0900 kg of water at 25°C contained in a calorimeter are heated in 30 min to 85°C by an electric heater placed in the water, how many calories of heat are given to the water per second by the heater? Neglect the water equivalent of the calorimeter. Ans. 126 1/5] 13. A piece of iron 0°100 kg in weight is placed for some time in an electric furnace and is then quickly immersed in 0'550 kg of water at 30°C contained in a non-conducting vessel. Ifthe temperature of water rises to 40°C, calculate the temperature of the furnace. (Sp. heat of iron = 0°11) [Ans, 540°C] 14. A piece of copper weighing 0°100-kg having its specific heat 0'095 is heated in a steam chamber which has a uniform temperature of 100°C. The piece is then quickly put into 0°150 kg of an oil at 10°C contained in a copper calorimeter weighing 0°040 kg. If the temperature rises to 19°5°C, calculate the specific heat of the oil. [Ans. 0°51] 5. A liquid of sp. ht. 0°6 at 50°C is mixed with another liquid of sp. ht. 0'4 at 10°C. After mixing, the temperature, of the mixture becomes 20°C. In what proportion by weight are the liquids mixed”” [Ans. 23 9] 16, Two liquids A and B are at temperatures 70°C and 30°C respectively. Their masses are in the ratio 3 5 and their specific heats are in the ratio 4 2 5. Calculate the resultant temperature if the liquids A and B are mixed. Neglect water equivalent of the calorimeter. [Ans. 42°97°C] 17. The specific heats of the materials of two bodies are s, and s, respectively. The bodies have same thermal capacities. If they are combined to form a single composite body, then what is the specific heat of this body? 2s [ans Be] nts 18. The temperatures of equal masses of three different liquids A, B, C are 12°, 19° and 28°C respectively. The temperature when A and B are mixed is 16°C; when B and C are mixed it is 23°C. What will be the temperature when A and C are mixed? (LT. ’76, LEE. ’05) (Ans. 20°26°C] 19. A button of charcoal weighing 2 x 10” kg is heated uniformly in an electric arc and dropped into 50 x 10 kg of water at 20°C. The temperature of water becomes 46°C. What is the temperature of the arc, given specific heat of charcoal is 0'2? Ans, 3296°C] 20. An alloy contains 60% copper and 40% nickel. A piece of that metal of mass 0-050 kg is heated to 50°C and then dropped in a calorimeter of water equivalent 0°010 kg containing 0°140 kg water at 20°C. Determine the final temperature of the mixture. (The sp. heat of copper is 0°09 and that of nickel is O'11). (HS. ’85] [Ans. 2095°C] 21, Analloy consists of 60% copper and 40% nickel. A piece of alloy weighing 0'050 kg is dropped into a calorimeter of water equivalent 5 x 10? kg. The calorimeter contains 0-055 kg of water at 10°C. Ifthe final temperature be 20°C, calculate the original temperature of the alloy. Given specific heat of copper = 399 J kg"! °C“! and specific heat of nickel = 462 J kg °C (HLS. °06] [Ans. 138°8°C] 22. A metal forging of mass 0600 kg and specific heat 0"l is heated to 700°C and then quenched by plunging it into oil. What is the minimum mass of oil at 20°C contained in a vessel of water equivalent 1 kg that must be used So that its temperature does not rise above 30°C? Given specific heat of oil = 0°45. [Ans. 6711 kg] 23. In an industrial undertaking, the flue gas at 360°C is made to warm the water going into the boiler. In doing this the temperature of the flue gas falls to 200°C. Calculate how much water could be raised in temperature from 20°C to its boiling point by 0°5 kg of flue gas, assuming the specific heat of flue gas as 0°25 [Ans, 0-250 kg] 24, Equal volumes of turpentine and water are allowed to cool from 60°C to 40°C, the time taken being respectively 4 min and 10 min, Calculate the specific heat of turpentine assuming that the rate of heat loss from the water and ‘turpentine are the same. Given, the specific gravity of turpentine = 0°88. Ans, 0°45] 25. ‘The temperature of water flowing through a geyser at the rate of 3°0 litre/min increases from 27°C to 77°C. The ‘ction of the geyser is caused by a gas burner. If the heat of combustion of the gas be 4"0 x 107 J/kg, then determine [NCERT (New)] (Ans. 15°75 x 10 kg min] Ms rate of combustion.74 ELEMENTS OF PHYSICS | __ i ONTVS 26. Some heat is given to 0'120 kg of water and its temperature rises by 10 K. When the same amount of heat is, given to 0060 kg of oil, its temperature rises by 40 K. If the specific heat of water is 4200 J kg"! K~, find the specific heat of oil. [H.S. (XI) 711) (Ans. 2100 J kg K-!) IF] Harder Problems 1. Exactly 4 x 10 kg carbon was bumt to CO; in a copper calorimeter. The mass of the calorimeter is 1°6 kg and the mass of water in the calorimeter is 3 kg. The initial temperature was 25°C and the final temperature 35°C. Calculate the heat value of carbon in joule per kg assuming specific heat of copper to be 0093. [Ans, 33°06 x 10° J/kg) 2, One metric ton of water is heated from 10°C to 70°C using coal having a heat of combustion of 63 x 10” Jkg. How many kgs of coal are required if 60% of the heat is useful? One metric ton of water weighs 10° kg. [Ans. 6°67 kg] 3. 1699 m’ of water meant for bath is heated by a gas burner. The heat given out by burning 28°32 x 10-3 m? of the gas is 635040 J and the cost of the gas is 95 paise per 28:32 m*, What will be the cost of heating the bath water from 12°8 °C to 37°8 °C assuming 70% of the heat given out by the burner is delivered to the water? (EE, ’81) [Ans. 38 paise] [G] Multiple Choice Questions [MCQ] 1, In order that heat flows from one part of a solid to another, what is required? (a) uniform density (b) density gradient (©) uniform temperature (4) temperature gradient [Pb PMT °99) 2. Which of the following has the highest specific heat? (@) copper (b) hydrogen (©) water (@) silver [MP CEE °99) 3. Heat capacity of a body is infinite. It means (@) heat is given out (b) heat is taken in (©) no change in temperature whether heat is taken in or given out (d) All of these (AFMC—Pune ’97) | 4. Calorimeters are made of which of the following? (a) glass (©) metal (© wood (@) either (a) or (b) [AFMC—Pune *00} . Boiling water is changing into steam. Under this condition, the specific heat of water is (a) zero (©) one (©) infinite (4) less than one [MP PMT ’96) 6. 5 kg of water at 10°C is added to 10 kg of water at 40°C. Neglecting heat capacity of vessel and other losses, the equilibrium temperature will be close to (@) 30°C (b) 25°C (©) 35°C @) 33°C IN.S.E. in Physics ’95] 7. Which of the following quantities must be determined in order that the thermal capacity of a body may be calculated, when the specific heat of the body is known? (a) Emissivity (b) Latent heat (©) Mass (d) Temperature [Cambridge] 8. A beaker contains 0°200 kg of water. The heat capacity of beaker is equal to that of 0'020 kg of water, The initial temperature of water in the beaker is 20°C. If 0'440 kg of hot water at 92°C is poured in, the final temperature, neglecting radiation loss, will be nearest to (a) 58°C (b) 68°C (©) 73°C (d) 78°C IN.S.E. in Physics 94) 9. If mis the mass, 6 is temperature and s is specific heat, then thermal capacity k is given by (@) k= ms0 (b) k= m0 @k=F (@) k= ms (Amu 99)10. When heat is given to a solid, its temperature (a) increases (b) remains constant (©) increases or remains constant (d) decreases or remains constant 11. Which pair of physical quantities may be expressed in the same unit? (a) Heat and specific heat (b) Water equivalent and thermal capacity (c) Heat and temperature (d) Heat and work 12. Four solids absorb heat at the same rate, Their masses and specific heats are given below. Whose rise in temperature will be fastest? (a) 01100 kg, 02 () 0080 kg, 05 (©) 0090 kg, 0:09 (@) 0095 kg, 0-12 13, When a hot and a cold liquid are mixed, the temperature of the mixture (a) increases initially and then becomes constant (b) decreases unitially and then becomes constant (©) either increases or decreases initially and then becomes constant (@) is undefined initially and then becomes constant 14, Cooking utensils should have (a) small thermal capacity (b) medium thermal capacity (c) large thermal capacity (d) none of these 15. Which pair of units represent the same physical quantity? (a) kelvin and calorie (b) kelvin and joule (¢) joule and calorie (d) centrigrade and calorie 16. Thermal capacity of a body depends upon its (a) temperature change (b) volume (c) density (d) mass 17. An ideal thermometer should possess (@) small thermal capacity (b) large thermal capacity (c) medium thermal capacity (@) none of these 18. The amount of heat supplied for raising the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1°C is one (a) joule (b) calorie. (c) B. Th. U. (d) kilogram calorie 19. A liquid of specific heat 0°9 at 90°C is mixed with another liquid of specific heat 0°6 at 20°C. After mixing, the temperature of the mixture becomes 60°C. In what proportion by weight are the liquids mixed? (a) 928 (b) 859 291 @3 20, Two liquids are at temperatures 90°C and 30°C respectively. Their masses are in the ratio 2 5 and their specific heats are in the ratio 5 ¢ 4. Calculate the resultant temperature if the liquids are mixed. Neglect water equivalent of the calorimeter. @ 45°C (b) 40°C (©) 60°C (d) 50°C 21. The ratio of the densities of two bodies is 2 $3 and their specific heats are 0'13 and 0:08 respectively. The ratio of their thermal capacities per unit volume is (a) 12213 (b) 12? 13? (c) 13212 (d) 137 5 12 22. A liquid of mass m;, temperature f, and specific heat s, is mixed with another liquid having the corresponding Values ma, f2 and 5». The final temperature of the mixture is (2) (mpsyty + masata\M(msy + mas) (b) (ity + mata, + ma) (©) (sith + sats + 92) @ +42 23. The temperature of equal masses of three different liquids A, B and C are 12°C, 19°C and 28°C respectively. The temperature when A and B are mixed is 16°C and when B and C are mixed is 23°C. The temperature when A and C are mixed is (a) 182°C (b) 22°C ap okt) 2 8C (@) 242°C ULE, "071 24. 01 m? of water at 80°C is mixed with 0°3 m’ of water at 60°C. The final temperature of the mixture is (@) 65°C (b) 70°C (©) 60°C @ 15°C (Karnataka CET 09]746 © ELEMENTS OF PHYSICS jy ONT 25, Certain amount of heat is given to 0°100 kg of copper to increase its temperature by 21°C. If the sam amount of heat is given to 0°050 kg of water, then the rise in its temperature is (specific heat cay of - J kg! K"! and that for water = 4200 J kg! K"}) ca (speci pacity of copper= ay (a) 4°C (b) 525°C © 8c (a) 6 °C lost [Kerala PMT ‘1p, 1. 0:050 kg of boiling water at 100°C is added into a calorimeter containing 0-200 kg of water at 10°C sot temperature rises to a maximum of 27°C. Now if a metal at 10°C of unknown specific heat but the mass 0°100 kgs dropped into the calorimeter, the temperature falls to 26°C. The specific heat of the metal will be— (a) 0255 (b) 0125 (©) 0095 (d) 07165 | 2. When a calorimeter of water equivalent 0°010 kg containing 0°100 kg of water at 90°C is exposed to air, | temperature drops to 80°C in 5 min. But when this calorimeter containing an oil of mass 0-050 kg is exposed toa | it takes 2 min for the same drop of temperature. The specific heat of the oil is (assuming that the rate of heat los both the cases are equal). (a) 07 (b) 06 jos (09 3. Three liquids A, B and C are at 40°C, 30°C and 20°C respectively. When equal parts (by weight) of A and Ba mixed, the temperature of the mixture is 36°C and when equal parts (by weight) of A and C are mixed the temperaist | is 35°C. The resulting temperature when equal parts of B and C are mixed is (a) 25°C (b) 27°C (@) 28°C > L@) 2) 3) 406) © 6) 7) &(b) 9 @) 100 § 11.(d) 12. (¢) 13. (d) 14. (a) 15. (c) 16. (d) 17, (a) 18. (d) 19. (bo) 20.(4) 2.) 2) BOQ wA@ %@ . #loes evaporation cause cooling? Explain it with a few examples. Water may be made to boil at various temperatures—describe an experiment to illustrate it. What is meant by ‘Latent heat of vaporisation’? What is its difference with ‘Latent heat of evaporation’? State ndition of boiling and demonstrate it by an experiment. State what characteristic features distinguish a ‘saturated vapour’ from an ‘unsaturated vapour’. How can you demonstrate that vapour exerts pressure? A liquid boils at a temperature when its saturation vapour equals the superincumbent pressure. Give an experimental evidence in support of this statement. How would you show experimentally that unsaturated vapour obey’s Boyle’s law, but saturated vapour does Discuss the effects of change in temperature at constant volume and change of volume at constant temperature rated and unsaturated vapours. Show that triple point of a substance is unique. How this property is utilized? Describe Regnault’s hygrometer and explain how this instrument is used for the determination of relative humidity (atmosphere. a : How is dew formed? State and explain under which conditions dew is formed. What are the characteristics of @®> _1nces suitable for deposition of dew? . Gi ‘Cloud is essentially a mist or fog formed in the upper atmosphere’ —explain. What is smog? Discuss two most = a sant conditions that must be satisfied in order that the rain drops from the cloud reach the ground. e Simple Problems What amount of heat is required to convert 5 x 107 kg ice at 10°C to steam at 100°C? Sp. heat of ice = 0°5, fm neat of ice = 80 x 4200 J/kg, latent heat of steam = 540 x 4200 J/kg * (HLS. °79) [Ans. 15225 J] 1 temperature of the mixture if the water equivalent of the calorimeter 50 x 10 kg? (HLS. ’80] [Ans. 43°C]96 ELEMENTS OF PHYSICS _ SS ONTO 3. 0'100 kg ice at 0°C is mixed with 0°100 kg water at 40°C. Determine the temperature of the mixture. What is | its condition? [HLS. ’81) [Ans. 0°C; 0'050 kg 0°150 kg water} 4, A vessel of water equivalent 5 x 10~ kg contains 55 x 107 kg of water at 20°C. 25 x 10° kg ice is dropped it. What would be the nature and temperature of the mixture? [H.S. ’81) [Ans. 0°C; 10 x 10° kg ice and 70 x 10% kg water) 5.’ What would be the result if 0°015 kg ice at 0°C is mixed with 0050 kg water at 0°C? (H.S. '83) [Ans. 8°75 x 10° kg ice and 56°25 x 10° kg water, temperature 0°C] 6. A thermosflask whose water equivalent is 0'030 kg contains 0'750 kg of water at 20°C. If 0°300 kg of ice a | 0°C are put into it, how much of the ice will remain unmelted? Latent heat of ice = 80 x 4200 Ihkg. {Ans. 0°105 ke} 7. After a few pieces of dry ice had been added to 0°120 kg of water at 46°C, the final temperature of the mixture was found to be 0°C. What is the mass of ice added? Latent heat of ice = 80 x 4200 J/kg. [Ans. 0°069 ka) | 8. What is the final temperature when (a) 3 x 10° kg, (b) 2 x 10 kg, of steam at 100°C are passed inlo 60 x 107 kg of water at 20°C? Given, latent heat of steam = 540 x 4200 J/kg. [Ans. (a) 49°5°C, (b) 40°C) 9. Steam is passed through a mixture of 2 kg of ice and 1 kg of water and the whole mixture is found to gain weigh! by 0°150 kg. How much ice will melt? (Latent heat of fusion of ice = 80 x 4200 J/kg; Latent heat of condensation ot steam = 540 x 4200 J/kg. [Ans. 1200 kz} 10. Two bodies of equal masses are heated at a uniform mi | under identical conditions. The change in temperature in the two cases is shown graphically. What are their melting points? (Roorket Ans, 60°C, 40°C; 12 3, 845) 11. A substance of mass M ks wires a power input of P Wet O12 3456 7 8 9 Time) ., remain in the molten state at aa pe ‘When the pow Ques. No. 10 source is turned off, the sample completely solidifies in times seca! | Find the latent heat of fusion of the substance. (LLT, ’92) (Ans. Pull 12. 0:300 kg of water at 25°C is added to 0°100 kg of ice at 0°C. Find the temperature of the mixture. (LLT. °89) [Ans. OC! 13. Acalorimeter of water equivalent 0:050 kg contains 0-100 kg of water at 30°C. What will be the result of mixist 0-080 kg of ice at —15°C with this water? (Latent heat of fusion of ice = 80 x 4200 J/kg; specific heat of ice = 0°5 x 4200 Ikg°C. [H.S. °99] [Ans. 0:04875 kg ice melts; temp. of mixture 0! | 14. Heat is supplied at a steady rate for 7 minute to some amount of ice. For first one minutes, the temperature | ice increased uniformly with time-Then the temperature remained steady for 4 minute. During the last 2 minute. ® temperature again increase at a uniform rate. Explain the above observations and calculate the final temperature. La®* heat of fusion of ice = 80 x 4200 J/kg. ULE.E. °75) [Ans. 400) | 15. Steam at 100°C is passed through 0'200 kg of water contained in a calorimeter of water equivalent 0-010ks# the weight of the calorimeter and its content thereby increases by 0/006 kg. Ifthe initial temperature of water was © find the final temperature. [Ans. 4210 16. A gas ring supplied 6804 J of heat to a kettle full of water at 100°C. How much water is converted into sto!” Repeat assuming the number of calorie supplied to be 9072 J. Assume latent heat of vaporisation as 540 x 4200 JA# : [Ans. 3 x 109 kg; 4 x 107 17. What mass of steam passed into 0'050 kg of water at 10°C will raise the temperature to 100°C? If an indefi™ ‘quantity of steam is available, will the 0-050 kg of water be turned into steam? Latent heat of steam = 540* 4% | Jkg, [Ans. 8:33 x 107 kei” ‘Temperature (0°C)> BsSss18. In an experiment 10 x 10 kg of steam were passed into 0'285 kg of water at 20°C contained in a vessel of ter equivalent 15 x 10 kg. The final temperature was 40°C. What value did this experiment give for the latent heat vaporisation of water? Ans, 540 x 4200 kg] 19. A copper block of mass 2°5 kg is heated in a furnace to a temperature of 500°C and then placed on a large ice -k. What is the maximum amount of ice that can melt? Specific heat of copper = 0'39 x 10° J kg"! °C"; latent heat fusion of ice = 3°35 10° J ke INCERT (New)] (Ans. 1°5 kg] |. A large insulated vessel contains some water at 0°C. Water vapour that collects inside in pumped out continuously. at fraction of water finally turns into ice if the latent heat of vaporisation is 7 times the latent heat of fusion? [Ans. 7/8} 1. Divide | kg of water at 60°C into two parts, such that the heat rejected to convert one part into ice at 0°C is the as the heat required to evaporate the other part. (Latent heat of ice and steam are 80 x 4200 J/kg and 536 x 4200 Ig respectively) (HS. ’00) (Ans. 0'80447 kg] 2. What is the result of mixing 10 kg of copper at 100°C with 3 kg of ice at 0°C? (Specific heat of copper = 0'1, nt heat of fusion of ice = 80 x 4200 Jikg. Ans. 1°25 kg of ice melts, and 1°75 kg of ice remains unmelted; whole mixture is at °C] (23. A copper vessel of mass 1 kg is heated to 300°C. What i the maximum mass of «lump of ice which when put ide the vessel, will be completely converted into steam? Specific heat of copper = 01; latent heat of ice = 80 x 4200 and of steam 540 x 4200 J/kg, (Ans. 0:02778 kg] |. How much heat is required to convert 2 x 10- kg of ice at ~20°C to steam at 100°C? (Given, specific heat of 0°5; latent heat of ice = 80 x 4200 J/kg; latent heat of condensation of steam = 540 x 4200 W/kg. (dns. 6132 J] A piece of metal, weighing 10x 10-3 kg is heated to 100°C and dropped in a mixture of ice and water. The volume the mixture then decreases by | x 10°? m! but the temperature remains the same. If the specific gravity of ice be 0°92, Jal is the specific heat of the metal? UAE.E. °04] (Ans, 386°4 J kg"! °C] 6, Find the amount of heat necessary to convert 0'020 kg of ice at ~5°C to water at 0°C.Specific heat of ice = 2100 C. Latent heat of melting of ice = 3°36 x 10° J/kg. UALS. (X1) 10) (Ans. 6930 J] 17, What would be the result of extracting 289800 Joule of heat from 0°100 kg of steam at 100°C? [H.S. (X1) *06] Ans. 0:0625 kg of ice and 0°0375 kg of water at 0°C] 1. 1f 292320J of heat are withdrawn from 0°100 kg of steam at 100°C, what will be the result? Latent heat of steam 80 x 4200 J/kg. U-EE. ’03] [Ans, 0°70 kg ice and 0°030 kg water at 0°C] 9. Vapour from a liquid boiling at 85°C and of a latent heat 200 x 4200 J/kg is led into 0°100 kg of this liquid at contained in a calorimeter weighing 50 x 10~ kg and of specific heat 0°08. If 4 x 10°? kg of vapour bring the I temperature to 35°C, find the specific heat of the liquid. U.E.E. "04) [Ans, 0°69] 30. A polar explorer wants to make tea but the only water he has is 1 kg of ice at -50°C. How many calorie of heat be required to convert this ice into water at 100°C? The specific heat of ice is 0'5 x 4200 J/ky*C and the latent heat 10. 4200 Ik, [Ans. 8°61 x 10° J] 1. A nickel cylinder weighing 0'100 kg is cooled to the temperature of li jer at 0®C. It is found that 12 x 10 kg of ice are formed on the nickel. Calculate from these ‘data the temperature jhe liquid air. Assume specific heat of nickel 0-086 and latent heat of fusion of ice = 80 x 4200 J/kg. (Ans. -111°6°C] 2. A copper calorimeter 0'500 kg contains 0°400 kg of liquid paraffin at 25°C. When 0°050 kg of ice is added to © steady temperature is found to be 10°C. Find the specific heat of liquid paraffin. Given, specific heat of copper (09, latent heat of fusion of ice = 80 x 4200 kg. [Ans. 0°64] += 540 x 4200 J/kg; latent heat of ic33. 20 x 10° kg of steam at 100°C is led into a closed calorimeter of water equivalent 10 x 10 kg containing 100 x 10° kg of ice at ~10°C. Calculate the final temperature of the calorimeter and its contents. Specific heat of ice = 0.5, latent heat of ice = 80 x 4200 J/kg and of steam = 540 x 4200 J/kg. (LET. 71) (Ans. 323°C] 34, A calorimeter contains 0'500 kg of water and 0'100 kg of ice at an equilibrium temperature of 0°C. Then 0°200 kg of steam at 100°C are fed into it. Calculate the final temperature and composition of the mixture assuming that the calorimeter is of negligible water equivalent. Latent heat of ice = 80 x 4200 J/kg, of steam = 540 x 4200 J/kg. [Ans. 0:074 kg steam and 0°726 kg water, both being at 100°C] 35. Whilst ethane gas provides heat of combustion 1°5666 x 10° J per mol, only 60% of this quantity is useful. Calculate how many litre of ethane gas measured at N.T.P. should be used in order to convert 50 kg of water at 10°C into steam at 100°C. Assume one mol of a gas occupies 224 litre at N-T.P. and also latent heat of vaporisation of water = 540 x 4200 J/kg. [Ans. 3153 litre] 36. When a piece of metal weighing 48°3 x 10™ kg at 10°7°C was immersed in a current of steam at 100°C, 762 x 10~*kg of steam was found to condense. Calculate the specific heat of metal. Assume latent heat of vaporisation of water as 540 x 4200 J/kg. [LLT. ’63] [Ans. 0:095] 37. What mass of ether at 0°C must be evaporated in order to freeze 10 x 10° kg of water at 0°C? Assume latent heat of vaporisation of ether and latent heat of ice at 0°C as 95 x 4200 J/kg and 80 x 4200 J/kg. [Ans. 8:422 x 10° ke] 38. About 5 x 10™ kg water at 30°C and 5 x 10° kg of ice at ~20°C are mixed together in a calorimeter. Find the final temperature of the mixture. Water equivalent of the calorimeter is negligible. Specific heat of ice = 0°5 x 4200 kg"! °C", Latent heat of fusion of ice = 80 x 4200 J kg“. (LLT. °7) [Ans, 6-25 x 10° kg of water and 3°75 x 10° kg of ice at 0°C] 39. A lagged metal can contains a mixture of water and crushed ice at 0°C. Itis weighed and immediately afterwards the mixture is well stirred while dry steam at 100°C is passed through it. When all the ice has just melted, the steam supply is cut off and a second weighing of the can and its contents shows an increase in mass of 10 x 10° kg. Calculate the mass of ice originally present. Given, latent heat of ice = 80 x 4200 J/kg, of steam = 540 x 4200 J/kg. [Ans. 80 x 107 kg] 40. 20 x 10~ kg of ice at 0°C are dropped into a mixture of oil and water at 30°C and are just melted in cooling the mixture to O°C. If the specific heat of oil is 0°6 and the total weight of the liquid at the end of the experiment is 85 x 10 kg, find the quantities of oil and water in the original mixture. (Ans, 292 x 10° kg oil, 35°8 x 10° kg water] 41. On a certain day, the room temperature and dew point are 18°5°C and 12°C respectively. The saturated vapour pressure of the room at 18°C, 19°C and 12°C are respectively 15°46 x 10-3 m, 15°86 x 10-3 m and 10°46 x 10° mof mercury column. Calculate the relative humidity on that day. [H.S. ’96) (Ans. 668%) 42. Calculate the relative humidity when the air temperature on a day was 29°C and the hygrometer condensatiod point was 10°C. Given, aqueous tension at 10°C and 29°C are 9'1 x 10 m and 29°9 x 10° m respectively. [Ans, 30°43%) 43. Find the dew point when the relative humidity is 70%, the temperature being 13°C. Given that, for pressures of 7 x 10% m, 9 x 10° m and 11 x 10 m of mercury, the corresponding boiling points of water are 6°C, 10°C and 13°C, respectively. [Ans. 74°C) 44. ‘The dew point and the temperature on a certain day were 10°C and 16°5°C respectively. The saturation vapout Pressures at 10°C, 16°C and 17°C are respectively 9°10 x 10” m, 13°50 x 10° mand 14°40 x 10 m of mercury colums. Calculate the relative humidity of the day. [HLS, ’86) (Ans. 652%) 45. What is the pressure of water vapour in the air on a warm day when the temperature is 30°C and the relative humidity is 80%? (Pressure of saturated vapour at 30°C is 31°7 x 10 mof Hg) —_[Ams. 25°36 x 10° m of Hs) 46. A closed room contains moist air at 20°C, the relative humidity being 40%. What would the relative humidity become if the room was cooled to 10°C? State any assumption you make in your calculation. (S.V.P. of water at 20°C = 17'S x 109 m, at 10°C = 9°2 x 10 m of Hg). Ans, 735%)47. ‘The temperature of air on a certain day is 20°C and relative humidity is 60%. Calculate the fraction of mass of «water vapour that will condense if the temperature falls to 5°C. Saturation pressure of water vapour at 20°C and 5°C aare respectively 17°5 x 10° m and 6'S x 10° m of mercury. (-E.E. '76) (Ans. 0°38) .A flask is completely filled with 1 x 10-°kg of saturated steam at 100°C. How much water will condense into water if the temperature of the flask is reduced to 25°C? (Aqueous tension at 25°C = 10 x 10 m of Hg) ULE. ’81] [Ans. 9°6 x 10~* kg] 49. In an industrial process 10 kg of water per hour is to be heated from 20°C to 80°C. To do this, steam at 150°C sis passed from a boiler into a copper coil immersed in water. The steam condenses in the coil and is returned to the boiler as water at 90°C. How many kg of steam are required per hour? (Specific heat of steam = 4200 I/ke°C; Latent heat of steam = 540 x 4200 J/kg) (LT. 72) [Ans. 1 kg] 50. How should 1 kg of water at 5°C be devided in two parts so that one part of it when turned into ice at 0°C would by this change of state give out a quantity of heat that would be sufficient to vaporise the other part? (Latent heat of steam = 540 x 4200 J/kg, Latent heat of ice = 80 x 4200 J/kg. ULE. ’80) [Ans. 0°82 kg into ice and 0°18 kg into steam] 51. 0°100 kg of ice cubes at 0°C are dropped into a calorimeter containing | kg of salt water at 0°C. It is observed that the temperature of the mixture drops to -2°C. Find the amount of ice melted (mass of the calorimeter may be neglected the specific heat of salt water and ice may be taken as 09, 0°5 respectively and latent heat of ice = 80 x 4200 J/kg. (Ans. 23°99 x 103 kg) 52. An aluminium container of mass 0°100 kg contains 0°200 kg of ice at ~20°C. Heat is added to the system at sthe rate of 420 J/s. What is the temperature of the system after 4 minute? Draw a rough sketch showing the variation vof the temperature of the system as a function of time. (Specific heat of ice = 2100 J/kg°C; specific heat of aluminium 840 J/kg°C. Latent heat of fusion of ice = 80 x 4200 J/kg) [LLT. °73] (Ans, 25°5°C] 53. When a quantity of liquid bismuth at its melting point (271°C) is transferred to a calorimeter containing oil, the {temperature ofthe oil rises from 10°C to 25'I°C. If the experiment is repeated with solid bismuth atthe same temperature, veverything else remaining the same, the temperature of the oil rises to 15°6%C, Calculate the latent heat of fusion of bismuth. The specific heat of bismuth is 134-4 J kg™ Ans. 59514 kg] [F] Harder Problems 1. A copper calorimeter weighing 0°100 kg contains 0°150 kg of water at 30°C. Pieces of ice which have not been dried are dropped in and the final temperature after stirring is 5°C. The weight of the calorimeter and its contents is then 0'300 kg. How much water was put in with the pieces of ice? (Take the latent heat of ice as 80 x 4200 J/kg and the specific heat of copper as 0°1). (Oxford) (H.S. (XI) ’12] (Ans. 3125 x 10° kg] 2. Moist steam at 100°C is passed into a copper calorimeter of mass 0'300 kg containing 0°200 kg of water at 20°C. When the temperature has risen to 40°C, the water in the calorimeter is found to weigh 0°20 kg. What is the percentage of water present in moist steam? Latent heat of steam = 540 x 4200 J kg”!, specific heat of copper = 420 Jkgtecy! [Ans. 68°52%] 3. The volume of a quantity of moist air, originally at a temperature of 17°C, and a pressure of 75°8 em of mercury is reduced to one half. Simultaneously the temperature is lowered to 10°C and the air becomes saturated. Given that the relative humidity of air originally was 70 percent and that the pressure of saturated vapour at 17°C and 10°C are respectively 14 x 107 m and 9.14 x 107 m of mercury, calculate the final pressure. {London} [Ans. 1:46914 m of Hg] 4. A vessel of water is put in a dry sealed room of volume 76 m? at a temperature of 17°C. The saturated vapour pressure of water at 17°C is 15 x 10" m of Hg. How much water will evaporate before the water is in equilibrium with its vapour? (LLT. °78) (Ans. 1°135 kg] S 5 = ff km) Density of water vapour at N.T2 + LE OF sce _ A A OTT 5. Air at 30°C and 90% relative humidity is drawn into an air conditioning unit and cooled to 20°C, the relative humidity being reduced to 50%. How many gm of water vapour must be removed by the air conditioner from a cubic metre of air? Neglect the change of volume of air. (Given, density of saturated vapour in air at 30°C is 30 x 10 kg/m? and at 20°C is 17 x 10° kg/m’) [LEB °72] [Ans, 18°5 x 10° kg] 6. Outside air °C and 20% relative humidity is introduced into a heating and airconditioning plant whe heated to 20°C and relative humidity increased to 50%. How many kg of water must be evaporated into a cubic metre of outside air at 5°C to accomplish this? The density of saturated water vapour at 5°C is 6°8 x 10 kg/m? and at 20°C is 173 x 10 kg/m’ (Ans. 776 x 10° kg] 7. 10 x 10” kg of a substance was taken in the solid state at - 10°C. 268°8 J were required to heat it to -2°C (still in the solid state) and 3696 J and 3780 J were required to heat it to the liquid state at 1°C and 3°C respectively. Assuming that the specific heat of the material in the solid and liquid state has values s, and s, (s; # 52) respectively, find their values. Show that the latent heat of fusion L is related to the melting point temperature fy, by L = 4200 (79 + 0°2 ty) ULE.E. °82) (Ans. 0°8; 1-0) 8. Calculate the mass of 1 It of moist air at 27°C when the barometer reads 0°7536 m of Hg and the dew point is, 16°1°C. (Saturation vapour pressure at 16"1°C is equal to 13°6 x 10” m of Hg, the density of air at N.T.P. is equal to (1-293 kg/m’, density of saturated water vapour at N.T-P. is equal to 0°808 kg/m’. UL. °77) [Ans. 1°159 x 10° kg] [G] Multiple Choice Questions [MCQ] 1. 0°540 kg of ice at 0°C is mixed with 0'540 kg of water at 80°C. The final temperature of the mixture is (@) 40°C (b) 79:9°C (©) 80°C @oc (cPMT ’97| 2. 0°10 kg of ice at -10°C is heated til it is converted into water at 30°C. The amount of heat required is (Latent heat of ice = 80 x 4200 J/kg; specific heat of ice = 2100 J kg! °C. (a) 58800 J (b) 69300 J (©) 105000 3 (d) 48300 J. [MP PET ’97| 3. 0°100 kg of ice at 0°C is mixed with 0°100 kg of water at 100°C. The final temperature of the mixture is (a) 10°C (by 30°C (©) 20°C (d) 40°C [AMU PMT '99 4. ‘The quantity of heat required to change the unit mass of a solid substance to its liquid state, while the temperature remains constant, is known as (a) heat (b) latent heat (©) specific heat (@) latent heat of fusion [AIMS °98) 5, During constant temperature, we feel colder on the day when the relative humidity is (a) 85% (b) 60% (©) 50% (@ 25% (Karnataka CET. ’00) 6. The relative humidity on a day, when partial pressure of water vapour is 0012 x 10° Pa at 12°C (Take vapour pressure of water vapour at this temperature as 0:016 x 10° Pa) is (a) 25% (b) 50% (©) 15% (@) 60% [AIMS °98) 7. When a bubble bursts in a boiling liquid its pressure is (@) equal to the atmospheric pressure (b) larger than the atmospheric pressure (©) equal to the vapour pressure surrounding it (4) larger than the vapour pressure surrounding it [alU] 8. Antificially heated rooms are dry. Which of the following may be the reason? (a) Temperature of air is large (b) Pressure of air is large (©) Pressure of air is low (d) Humidity of air is low (alu}_ CHANGE OF STATE : PROPERTIES OF VAPOURS : HYGROMETRY ~ 803 9. A liquid is boiling in an airtight vessel. Using an exhaust tube, the vapour is slowly removed from the vessel. What happens to the liquid? (2) temperature goes down, boiling continues _(b) temperature goes down, boiling stops (c) temperature goes up, boiling continues (d) temperature goes up, boiling stops [au] 10. What energy transformation takes place when ice is converted into water? (a) heat energy to kinetic energy (b) kinetic energy to heat energy (©) heat energy to latent heat (@ heat energy to potential energy [aru] 11. Unsaturated vapours (@) do not obey gas laws (b) fully obey gas laws (©) obey Boyle’s law but not Charles” law (4) partly obey gas laws depending on the degree of unsaturation [avy 12, At boiling point, the SVP of vapour above a liquid is (@) equal to external pressure (b) less than external pressure (©) more than external pressure (@ equal to SVP at room temperature [aru] 13. Ice is slippery when a man walks on it for (a) its surface is smooth () there is no friction (©) increase of pressure causes ice to melt (@) itis very chill (Av) 14. The boiling point of the solution of a solid in a liquid is (@) greater than that of the solvent (b) less than that of the solvent (©) same as that of the solvent (@) independent of the solvent 15. Sublimation refers to (a) the vaporisation of a solid without first becoming a liquid (b) the melting of a solid (c) the vaporising of a liquid (@) the condensation of a gas into liquid [alu) 16. When a vapour condenses into a liquid (a) it absorbs heat () it evolves heat (©) its temperature rises (@ its temperature drops [alu] 17. ‘The density of saturated vapour in equilibrium with the liquid on increasing the temperature (a) increases (b) decreases (©) remains constant (@ increases for some vapours and decreases for others [AlU] 18. Water percolates into the soil and freezes. What happens to the soil?” (@) cools down (b) becomes wet (©) loosens (@) becomes hot [ATU] 19, ‘The quantity of heat required to change the temperature of 1 gm of a substance by 1°C is called its (a) specific heat (b) heat of fission (©) heat of vaporisation (@) mechanical equivalent of heat {alu} 20. Six kilograms of ice at -10°C are added to 6 kg of water at 10°C. The temperature of the resulting mixture is (a) -10°C () 0°C (©) 33°C @ 10°C [alu] 21. 10x 10*kg of ice cubes at 0°C is released in a tumbler containing water (water equivalent 55 x 10" kg) at 40°C. Assuming that negligible heat is taken from surroundings, the temperature of water in the tumbler becomes nearly (L = 80 x 4800 J kg"! (a) 31°C (b) 22°C © 19°C @ Isc (CPMT ’89} 22. 0°080 kg of water at 30°C is poured on a large block of ice at 0°C. The mass of ice that melts is (a) 0:030 kg. (b) 0-080 kg (©) 01150 kg (@) 1°600 kg (AI Pre Medical/Dental '99}23, 1x 10" kg steam at 100°C and an equal mass of ice at O°C are mixed. The temperature of the mixture in steady state will be [Latent heat of steam = $40 x 4200 J kg"! and latent heat of ice = 80 x 4200 J kg) (a) 50°C (b) 100°C (c) 67°C (d) 33°C [National Standard Examination in Physics, ’98] 24, A block of ive at ~10°C is slowly heated and converted to steam at 100°C. Which of the following curves represents the phenomenon qualitatively? 4 oe ‘Temperature ‘Temperature Temperature Heat supplied Heat supplied ‘Heat supplied “Heat supplied A) ®) © © A @)B oc @D (LL. °00) 25. 0°250 kg of ice at 0°C is mixed with 0°250 kg of water at 80°C. The final temperature of the mixture will be (a orc (b) 20°C © 10°C (@) 80°C 26. If there are no heat losses, the heat released by the condensation of x kg of steam at 100°C into water at 100°C ‘can be used to convert y kg of ice at O°C into water at 100°C. Then the ratio y # x is nearly (lel 221 321 @ie 27. Steam at 100°C is passed into I°1 kg of water contained in a calorimeter of water equivalent 0°02 kg at 15°C till the temperature of the calorimeter rises to 80°C. The mass of steam condensed in kilogram is (013 (b) 0°065 (©) 0260 (@) 07135 (LT. 86] 28. 0-060 kg of ice at 0°C is mixed with 0'040 kg of water at 60°C, the resultant mixture will consist of (a) 0°040 kg of water and 0°060 kg of ice at 0°C (b) 0'070 kg of water and 0030 kg of ice at 0°C (©) 0'120 kg of water at 0°C (@) 0'100 kg of water at 0°C (JLE.E. Model Questions] 29. In a pressure cooker, the cooking becomes fast because (a) the boiling point of water is raised by increase of pressure inside the cooker (b) the boiling point of water is lowered by pressure (©) more steam is available inside the cooker (4) more pressure is available inside the cooker ULE.E. Model Questions] 30. ‘The room temperature and the dew point on a certain day are 26°5°C and 14°C respectively. The S.V.P. of water in air at temperature 14°C, 26°C and 27°C are 12°00 x 10” m, 25°00 x 10 m and 26°60 x 10? m respectively. The relative humidity at room temperature is (a) 48% (b) 465% (451% (@) 474% BI. If 2x 10 kg steam at 100°C is passed through 55 x 10" kg of water at 10°C kept in a copper container of mass 50 x 10 kg, then the temperature of the mixture becomes 30°C. The latent heat of vaporisation of steam is (Sp. heat of copper = 0'1) (a) 540 x 4200 J/kg (b) 670 x 4200 J/kg ——_(c) 535 x 4200 Ikg (@) 530 x 4200 kg 32. The result of extracting heat amounting 294000 J from 0-100 kg steam at 100°C is (the latent heat of steam = 540 x 4200 Ikg) (a) 0°025 kg ice and 01075 kg water at O°C (b) 0100 kg water at 0°C (©) 0:075 kg ice and 0'025 kg water at OC (4) 0100 kg ice at 10°C 33. 0'100 kg copper nails are heated to 100°C and dropped in a copper calorimeter of mass 0"100 kg. The calorimeter contains a mixture of ice and water of mass 0'040 kg. If the temperature of the mixture becomes 10°C, then the mass of ice in the mixture is (Sp. heat of copper = 0'09) (a) 14 x 107 kg (b) 4 x 107 kg (©) 10 x 10° kg (d) 20 x 10° kg34. When two pieces of ice are pressed together, they stick with each other to form one piece. This phenomenon iscalled (a) coalescing (b) freezing (©) regelation (4) melting 35. xamount of heat is required to boil away 0°010 kg of water at 100°C. But y amount of heat is required to completely evaporate 0-010 kg of water at 10°C. Then (@xsy yxy xry @z=l0y 36, ‘The dimensional formula for latent heat is @ML2T? (b) ML2T2 (MLT? (@ML?T!— [MNR ’87) 37. Saturated vapour obeys (a) Boyle's law (b) Pressure law (c) Joule’s law (@) none of these 38. The volume of a saturated vapour is reduced to half keeping its temperature constant. Consequently (a) ils pressure is doubled and mass is reduced to half (b) its pressure is doubled but mass remains constant (©) its pressure is halved and mass is halved (4) its pressure remains constant but mass is halved 39. The volume of a vessel is V and that of another is 3V. Their temperatures are equal. Both contains water of constant volume. The pressure in the space above water within the first vessel is p, and that within the second is p,. Then (a) py = 3p2 (b) 3p) = pz ©) pi=P2 (d) 3p, = 4p2 40. Air inside a closed vessel is saturated with water vapour. The pressure of air is p, and the S.V.P. of water is ‘2 Ifthe mixture is compressed to one-third of its volume by keeping temperature constant, then its pressure becomes (a) 3M + pd) (b) (p+ PaV3 © 3p; +P2 @) pi + 3p2 41. The amount of heat required to convert 2 x 10° kg of ice at ~5°C to steam at 100°C is (specific heat of ice = 0°5, latent heat of melting of ice = 80 x 4200 J/kg, latent heat of condensation of steam = 540 x 4200 J/kg. (a) 2415 5 (b) 5208 J (© 52295 (@ 6069 5 42. When water boils at 100°C, the saturated vapour pressure is (a) 0720 m of Hg (b) 0760 m of Hg (©) 0740 m of Hg (4) 0°780 m of Hg 43. At 20°C, the relative humidity of air is 52%. The saturated vapour pressures at 20°C, 10°C and 9°C are 17°5 x 10} m, 9°2 x 10 m and 8°6 x 10° m of Hg respectively. The corresponding dew point is (a) 983°C (b) 783°C (c) 883°C (d) 683°C 44, An experiment takes 10 minutes to raise temperature of water 0°C to 100°C and another 55 minutes to convert it totally into steam by a stabilized heater. The latent heat of vaporisation comes out to be (a) 530 x 4200 J/kg (b) 540 x 4200 Jhkg (c) 550 x 4200 J/kg. (d) 560 x 4200 Jig U.E.E, 708) 45. 19. 10" kg of water at 30°C and 5 x 10° kg of ice of -20°C are mixed together in a calorimeter. What is the final temperature of the mixture? Given specific heat of ice = 2100 J kg"! (°C-') and latent heat of ice = 80 x 4200 J kg! (a) °C (b) -5°C (SC (@) 10°C ULEE. '09) 46. 93744 Joule of heat is supplied to 0°100 kg of ice at 0°C. If the latent heat of fusion of ice is 3°36 x 10° J kg ! and latent heat of vaporisation of water is 2268 x 10° J kg", the final amount of water thus obtained and its temperature respectively are (a) 8 x 10° kg, 100°C (b) 0100 kg, 90°C (c) 92 x 10 kg, 100°C (d) 82 x 10 kg, 100°C ULB.E. °12) 47. When the room temperature becomes equal to the dew point, the relative humidity of the room is (a) 100% (b) 250% (c) 70% (d) 85% ULE.E. ’08)a6 + LOMENTS OF SCs _ RT OTT Harder MCQQ 1. A test tube containing 3 x 10” kg of ether is immersed in a beaker of water which is surrounded by melting ice. When the whole is at 0°C a stream of air at 0°C is blown through the ether until it has all evaporated. The cap of ice formed round the test tube has a mass 3°14 x 10~ kg. The latent heat of vaporisation of ether is (Latent heat of fusion of ice = 80°0 x 4200 Ike) (a) 3°465 x 10° J kg! (b) 39354 x 105 J kg! (c) 3°5154x 10°F kg! — (d) 35994 x 105 J kg! [Oxford] 2. 20 minutes were required to heat a certain quantity of water from 0°C to the boiling point with an electric heater. A further | hour and 48 minutes were needed to turn all the water into steam under the same condition. The latent heat of vaporization of water is, (a) 540 x 4200 Jkg! — (b) 530 x 4200 Jhkg! —(c) 535 x 4200 Jrkg! (d) 440 x 4200 J/kg 3. A piece of ice at 0°C suspended in a large hall takes 10 hour to melt completely into water at 0°C and the water so formed takes 30 minutes to rise to/a temperature of 4°C. Approximate value for the latent heat of ice is (a) 82 x 4200 Ike! (b) 80 x 4200 Ikg! (©) 81°S x 4200 Ike! (A) 81 x 4200 J/kg 4, Earthen vessels are widely used for cooling water in summer. When water evaporates at the rate of m ke/s from an earthen vessel (of water equivalent W kg) containing M kg of water, the temperature drops from 6; to 02 in t second (>> mt). Assuming that a fraction fof the heat necessary for evaporation is absorbed from the vessel and the contained water, calculate the average rate of fall of temperature. Take L as the average latent heat of vaporisation and s as the specific heat of water. ms tis zo fmt © afte © GWE © WW © ews 5. 15:0 x 10° kg of ice at 0°C are put into a copper calorimeter of mass 100 x 10~ kg containing 200 x 10° kg of water and the final temperature reached is observed. The experiment is then repeated with the same masses and calorimeter and with the water at the same initial temperature but with the ice initially cooled to — 180°C. The final temperature is then 6'0 deg C lower than before, Neglecting heat exchange between the calorimeter and its surroundings, calculate a value for the mean specific heat of ice between 180°C to 0°C. The specific heat of copper may be taken as 010, @ os (b) 06 (08 (07 [London] 6. A jarcontains a gas and a few drops of water at TK. The pressure in the jar is 0'830 m of mercury. The temperature of the jar is reduced by 1%. The saturated vapour pressures of water at the two temperatures are 30 x 10 m and 25 x 10° m of Hg. The new pressure in the jar is (a) 0°820 mof Hg (b) 0°917 m of Hg (©) 0817 m of Hg () 0717 m of Hg [LL.T. ’81) 7. Acubic metre of air at 24°C was passed through an U-tube containing fused calcium chloride, the weight of which was found to increase by 11°2 x 10 kg. The relative humidity of air is (Aqueous tension at 24°C = 22-2 x 107 m of Hg) (a) 500% (b) 505% (©) 510% (d) 519% tc L@ 2@ 3@ 4@ 5@ 66 7@ 8@ 9%) 10) IL (b) 12.) 13.) 14.@—1S.@)_— 16. (6) 17. @)_— 18.) 19.(@) 20.) 21. (b) 22.(a)23.(b) 28. (@)—25.(@) 26.6) 27. (@)— 28. (0) 29. (@) 30. (0) 31.(@) 32.(€) 33.(b) 34.(0) —-35-(0) 36 (@) 37.) 38.) 3H) 40.00) 43.(2) 44.0) 47.(a)6. Three slabs are of thicknesses dy, d> and ds, They are of same length and breadth. The thermal conductivities of the material of the slabs are kj, k, and k, respectively. They are piled up one over the other in the order, 1, 2, 3. Show bat that the combination behaves atthe steady state asa single slab of thermal conductivity k, given by L*@*4 — he Z (neglect radiation) ' (HS. ’01) 7. Describe the different modes of transmission of heat. (HLS. 01) 8. Mention different methods of transmission of heat. What are their differences? (HLS. ’85, ’88, ’95) 9. Distinguish among the three processes—conduction, convection and radiation of heat. (HS. °92] 10. Make a comparative discussion of conduction, convection and radiation processes. (AS. ’91] 11. What is the difference between conduction and convection of heat? 97) 12. How are land and sea breezes produced? 42] 13. (a) What are the properties of thermal radiation? 39) (b) Discuss the properties of radiant heat. ae 14, State the main properties of radiant heat. (H.S. *03) 15. Briefly describe a thermosflask with a diagram and explain its principle of action. [H.S. °92, '95, °97] 16. Define a black body. [H.S. ’02, ’06] How can it be realised in practice?(H.S. ’02] Briefly state its principal properties. [H.S. ’06] 17, What is meant by a perfectly black body? State and explain the law concerning the heat emitted by such a body. Given an example of the application of the law. (As. ’80) 18, State and explain Kirchhoff’s law for black body radiation. [Model ‘Questions, H.S. Council] 19, State and explain Newton’s law of cooling. ULE.E. ’94) 20, Explain ‘Green house effect” and ‘Global warming’. [Model Questions, H.S. Council] 21, State the differences between the variable state and the steady state of a thermal conductor. 22. Explain the process of heat propagation by convection. What is convection current? Explain how it originates. 23. Discuss one useful application of convection current. 24, Write short notes on (a) Davy’s safety lamp, (b) Sea breeze and Land breeze, (c) Trade winds, (d) Fery’s black body, (¢) Diathermanous and athermanous bodies. 25, Whatiis radiation? State the properties of thermal radiation, Describe one simple apparatus by which radiant heat may be detected, 26. Describe one experiment in each case to prove the following statements -— (a) A black surface is a better radiator than a bright polished surface. (b) Good radiators are also good absorbers and vice-versa 27, Deduce Newton's law of cooling from Stefan-Boltzman law. 28. Discuss in short about the green house effect and the rise in temperature of the earth. [E] Simple Problems 1. If the conductivity of a metal is 0-2 C.G.S. unit, what is its value in FPS. system? (ans. 1°344 x 10? EPS. unit} 2. Heat flows into one face of a 0-01 m cube and out ofthe opposite face atthe rate of 42 J/s. No heat passes through the other four faces. If the temperature difference between the two faces is °C, what is the thermal conductivity of the ‘material of the cube? (Ans. 4200 J mst °C-] 3. The area of the glass window of a room is 2 m?, The temperatures inside and outside the room are 20°C and 5°C respectively and the thickness of glass in the window is 3 x 10° m, What amount of heat will flow out of the room per second through the closed window? X of glass = 0'504 SI. unit. (HS. °82] [Ans. 5040 1/5] 4. A room has two glass windows, each of area 2m? and thickness 3 x 10"'m. The inside and outside temperature of the room are 25°C and 5°C respectively. Estimate the rate of energy loss through the windows. Thermal conductivity of glass = 1-008 Wm! K*! {A.S. (X1) ’09} (Ans. 2688 1/s] S. Two indentical plates with thermal conductivities K, and K» respectively are joined together to form a plate of 2KiK; double the width of either plate. What is the thermal conductivity of this combination? (H.S. (XI) ’10] [ans. #2]6. The thickness of each metal in a composite bar is 0°01 m and the temperature of the two external surfaces are 100°C and 30°C. If conductivities of the metals be 84 S.I. unit and 126 S.I. unit respectively. Find the temperature ox the interface (HLS. (XD) °12) [Ans. 58°C) 7. Water is being boiled in a flat bottomed stee! Kettle on a stove. The base of the kettle measures 3 x 10"? m? and is of thickness 2 x 10~' m. Ifthe amount of steam produced is 1 x 10" kg per min, calculate the difference in temperature between the inner and outer surface of the base. Given : Thermal conductivity of steel 210 W mr! °C-+; Latent heat of steam = 540 x 4200 J kg~! (HLS. (XI) *1D) [Ans. 01012 °C] 8, Two sides of an iron plate of thickness 1 x 10"? m and area 2 sq m are maintained at 100°C and 50°C respectively Find the total amount of heat which flows through it from one side to the other in 1 min. Given, for iron K = 0'16x 420 S.1. unit. [Ans. 4°032 x 107] 9. It is found that 12°6 x 10° J of heat are transmitted per minute across a sheet of a metal 0°10 m square and 1 x 10 m thick with a difference of temperature 100°C between its faces. Find the coefficient of thermal conductivity of the metal, [Ans. 210 J ms“ deg” C) 10. One end of a 0-20 m long bar of cross-section 1 x 10~* m? is heated in a steam chamber, while its other end is introduced into melting ice. Calculate the amount of ice melted in 5 min. Given, K of the material of the rod = 105 S.L unit [Ans. 4°6875 x 107 kg} 11. A block of ice at 0°C is connected to steam chamber by a metal rod of length 0°10 m and of cross-section 2x 10~* m2, Calculate the amount of ice that will melt per second, Latent heat of fusion of ice = 80 x 4200 I/kg. Coeff of thermal conductivity of the material of the rod = 105 S.L. unit. [H.S. ’96] (Ans. 625 x 10° kels| 12, One end of a cylindrical metallic rod of length 0°314 m and radius 0°02 m is kept in contact with ice at 0°C ant the other end of the rod is in contact with water at 100°C. What will be the rate of melting of ice per minute? Latest heat of melting of ice = 80 x 4200 kg and K'= 105 SI. unit. (HLS. ’04) [Ans. 7°5 x 10? ke/min} 13. A spherical vessel of external radius 0'10 m is made of copper sheet 2 x 10-° m thick. It is filled with melting ice and immersed in water at 100°C. Calculate the rate at which the ice melts. Given K for copper = 302°4 S.1. unit an! Latent heat of fusion of ice = 80 x 4200 J/kg. [Ans, 5°652 keh] 14. A boiler with plane 2°5 x 10? m thick exposes 3 sq metre of its surface to the furnace. If the temperature of the outside face is 110°C, find the amount of steam produced in one hour. Given K for iron = 67-2 S.I. unit and latest heat of steam = 540 x 4200 J/kg. [Ans. 128 ks 15. A metallic vessel having sunface area of 1 sq metre and thickness 5 x 10 mis filled with ice and then place! inside water at 100°C. How much ice will melt in 36 second? Thermal conductivity of metal = 8:4 $.I. unit, latent beat of ice = 80 x 4200 J/kg. (HLS. °87) (Ans. 18 ks) 16. A room has 5 glass windows, The area of glass in each window is 2 m? and the thickness of glass is 2« 10-3 m. If the temperatures inside and outside glass be 20°C and ~S°C, then what amount of heat per minute will §° out of the room due to conduction through the windows? K of glass = 0°84 S.l. unit. (HLS. °85) (Ans. 63 x 10° S/mial 17. The ice on a pond is 5 x 10? m thick and the temperature of its surface in contact with the air is — 10°C. At wht rate heat is conducted through each square metre of ice? Given, conductivity of ice = 21 J mr! s“' deg” C. [Ans. 420 15} 18. In a copper boiler, the plates are 12 x 10 m thick and 30 kg of water are evaporated per minute per squst* metre of the heating surface. Calculate the difference of temperature between the sides of the plate. Given, latent be of steam = 540 x 4200 J/kg and thermal conductivity of copper = 42 S.1. unit fans. 324°C) 19. Water is boiled in a kettle placed on a stove. The area and the thickness of the bottom of the kettle are }* 10 m2 and 3 x 10-3 m respectively. If 3 x 10~ kg of steam are produced per minute, find the difference in temperas"™ between the outside and the inside surface of the bottom. Latent heat of steam = $40 x 4200 J kg! and the conductivity of the material of the kettle = 210 S.1. unit. ULE. °72; J.B, 87) (Ans, 00540) 20. The walls of a hot water tank are 8°0 x 10m thick and are made of material of thermal conductivity 504! mr! 5! deg C. The tank is protected by lagging of thickness 2°0 x 10-*m and thermal conductivity 4'032 J ms deg"! C. When conditions are steady the temperature of water in the tank is 70°C and the temperature of the outer suri?ED re yssssi0n oF Hear +s the lagging is 40°C. Find (a) the temperature of the interface between the tank and lagging (b) the loss of heat per ‘quare metre per second [Oxford] (Ans. 69:°07°C; 5859 J 5°" 21. An ice box is built of wood 1:5 x 10- m thick with an inner lining of cork 3:0 x 10-*m thick. Itis filled with relting ice at 0°C. Ifthe temperature of the outer surface of wood is 30°C what isthe temperature of cork-wood interface? Given, the conductivity of wood is 0°252 and of cork 0°0504 S.1. unit. (Ans. 273°C] 22. A room is 7 m by 5 m by 3 metre and the walls are of brick 0°20 m thick and have windows of glass 5 x 9° m thick and of total area 5 m?, The temperature of the room is 20°C higher than that of outside, Calculate ‘proximately the quantity of heat that is passing out per minute through the walls and the windows of the room. The nermal conductivity of brick and glass may be taken as 0'504 and 0'714 S.I. unit respectively. U.EE, '78] [Ans, 1/0584 x 10° J/min] 23. How much coal must be burned to make up for the loss of heat due to conduction for one day through two glass windows each 4 x 10 m thick and having area 2 m, if the room temperature is 25°C and the outside air is at~10°C. Given, heat of combustion of coal used is 3-36 x 107 J/kg and K for glass = 1°008 S.L. unit. (Ans, 90°72 kg] 24. A box made up of an insulating material contains an electric heater. If a power input of 120 Watt to the heater -s required to keep the interior of the box 60°C above the outside temperature, find the thermal conductivity of the -naterial of the box. Given, the effective total area of the box is 2'5 m? and the wall thickness is 4 x 10 m, [Ans. 3°2004 x 10 S.1. unit] 25, The walls of a refrigerator are 0'10 m thick having a surface area of 10 m”. The temperature outside the refrigerator 3 30°C. How much power in Watt must the refrigerator motor supply in order to maintain a temperature of O*C inside he refrigerator? Given, the thermal conductivity of walls = 0-42 S.L. unt. (Ans, 126 kW] 26. A vessel with walls 2°5 x 10 m thick, of effective area 0°20 m*, and conductivity 0'021 J s-' m-' deg! C, contains ‘quid oxygen at — 188°C, evaporation being possible through an opening at the top of the vessel. Taking the latent heat of vaporization of oxygen to be 60 x 4200 J kg", find the rate at which the liquid evaporates when the surroundings are at 12°C. [Oxford] [Ans. 8 x 10™ kg/min} 27. A hollow metallic cube has each side 10 x 10m long and 1 x 10 m thick. It is completely filled up by ice and then placed in water at 100°C. How much ice will melt per minute? (Coefficient of thermal conductivity of the metal = 210 S.1. unit; latent heat of fusion of ice = 80 x 4200 J/kg). US. '98] [Ans, 22°5 kg] 28. Apply Stefan’s law to calculate the ratio of the rate of heat loss from a metal ball at 727°C to that from the same ball at 427°C, if the temperature of the surrounding be 27°C. [Ans. 4.276 1) 29. A small hole of area 5 x 10° m? is made in the wall of a furnace heated to 1527°C. Assuming the hole to be a perfectly black body, calculate the heat radiated per second from it. Given, constant = 5°7 x 10 W m? K~4 (Ans. 299166 Wis} 30. Each square m of the sun’s surface radiates energy at the rate of 6-3 x 107 Js"! m™. Apply Stefan’s law to find | the surface temperature of the sun, Stefan’s constant = 57 x 10% W m?K*. [Ans. 5766 K] | 31. Fillup the blank : A point source of heat of power P is placed at the centre of a spherical shell of mean radius R. The material of the shell has thermal conductivity K. If the temperature difference between the outer and inner surfaces of the shell is not to exceed 7, the thickness of the shell should not be less than...... (LIT: ’91] (Ans. 4xR°KT/P] 32, Assume that the thermal conductivity of copper is 4 times that of brass. Two rods of copper and brass having the same length and cross-section are joined end to end. The free end of the copper rod is kept at 0°C and the free end of the brass rod is kept at 100°C. Calculate the temperature of the junction of the two rods at equilibrium, Neglect radiation losses. ULE. °70) (Ans. 20°C] { 33, (a) One end of an insulated copper rod is held at 0°C and the other end at 100°C. The rod is 0°50 m long and has cross-sectional area of 4-0 x 10 m2. Calculate the heat current in the rod in Watt. The thermal conductivity of copper is 378 JS) mr! °C. (London) (Ans. (a) 30°2 Watt) (b) If the copper rod of part (a) is replaced by aluminium rod withthe same cross-section but only 0°27 m long, the same heat current results, The two rods are then welded such that a compound rod 0°77 m in length is formed. What is the ratio of the heat current in the compound rod to that in the copper rod alone for the same temperature difference between opposite ends? [London] (Ans. (b) 13 2]M.A slab consists of three parallel layers of different materials 0‘05 m, 0°10 m and 0°15 m thick and of thermal | conductivity of 294, 168 and 84 S.1. unit respectively. If the opposite face of the slab are at 100°C and 0°C, calculate the temperature of the interfaces and the quantity of heat passing by conduction through each square metre of the slab pet second. [Ans. 93°3°C; 70°C; 391986 Ws} 38. Three rods each of same length and cross section are joined in series, The thermal conductivity of the materials are k, 2k and 3k respectively. If the open end of the first is kept at 200°C and the other end is kept at 100°C, what would be the temperatures of the junctions in the steady state? Assume that no heat is lost due to radiation from the sides of the rods. (U.E.E. ’00) [Ans. 145°45°C, 118:18°C] 36. A “thermocole’ ice box is a cheap and efficient method for storing small quantities of cooked food in summer 1m particular, A cubical ice box of side 0'30 m has a thickness of 0050 m. If 4°0 kg of ice is put in the box, estimate the amount of ice remaining after 6 h. The outside temperature is 45°C, and coefficient of thermal conductivity of thermocole is 001 Js! nv! °C-!, [Heat of fusion of ice = 335 x 10° J kg] INCERT (New)] [Ans. 3°69 kg} INSULATING MATERIAL. 37. What is the temperature of the steel-copper junction in the steady state of the system shown in the figure? Length of steel rod = 0°150 m, length of copper WML fs rod = 0-10 m, temperature of the furnace = 300°C, temperature of the other end = 0°C. The area of cross section of the steel rod is twice that of the copper rod. Thermal conductivity of steel = 50°2J s!'m-!°C-", thermal conductivity of copper = 385 J s-! m=! K-! (NCERT (New)] (Ans. 44°4°C] 38. A glass dise 2 x 10” m thick is placed between and with its flat faces in good thermal contact with the ends of two identical coaxial solid copper cylinders, each 10 x 10°? m long and having the same diameter as the disc. The ‘outer ends of the cylinders are maintained at 100°C and 20°C respectively, and the sides of the disc and the cylinders are perfectly lagged. Calculate the temperatures attained by the copper-glass interfaces when the steady state is reached. ‘The thermal conductivities of copper and glass may be taken as 386°4 and 1-008 W m-! deg“! C respectively. [London] (Ans. 91:725°C, 28:275°C] 39. A bar of copper of length 0:75 m and a bar of steel of length 125 m are joined together end to end. Both are of circular cross-section with diameter 2 x 10m. The free ends of copper and steel are maintained at 100°C and 0°C respectively. The surfaces of the bars are thermally insulated. What is the temperature of copper-steel junction? What is the heat transmitted per unit time across the junction? Thermal conductivity of copper is 386:4. W mr! °C~! and that of steel is 462 W m=! °C"! ULET. '77) (Ans, 93°31°C, 1-0836 Vs] 40. A solid slab of material A has a thickness d and thermal conductivity K. A composite slab is made up of two slabs, each of materials B and C whose thicknesses are d and d; and thermal conductivities K, and K> respectively. The composite slab with B and C pressed in contact, is to provide the same thermal insulation as A. Determine the relation between dj and d3 if d, + dy = d and K, = 2K and Kz = K/3. It is to be assumed that the cross-sectional areas of the slabs are very large as compared with their thicknesses. [London] (Ans. dy = 44;) 41. Three rods of equal length Lx 10-m and equal area of cross-section $x 10-* m? are joined in series. The thermal conductivities of the materials are K x 420, 2K x 420 and 1'5 K x 420 S.L units, If the open ends of the first and the last rods are at 200°C and 18°C, calculate the temperature at the {wo junctions and the rate of flow of heat through the system neglecting radiation losses. (Roorkee I.L.T. '75] (Ans. 116°C, 74°C; 352.8 KS/L Js") 42. A wall has two layers A and B, each made of a different material. Both the layers have the same thickness. The therinal conductivity of the material of A is twice that of B. Under thermal equilibrium, the temperature difference across the wall is 36°C. What is the temperature difference across the layer A? ULLT. ’80) (Ans. 12°C) 43. ‘Two spheres of the same material have radii 1 m and 4 m and temperatures 4000 K and 2000 K respectively. Show that the energy radiated per second by the both spheres are equal. UE.E. '98) 44, The temperature gradient in the earth's erust is 42°C per km and the mean conductivity of the rocks is 3°36 SL AAU Taking the radius of the earth as 6000 km, calculate the daily loss of heat by the earth. [Ams, 5°502 x 10!* J] 45. A body cools from 40°C to 30°C in 12 minute. Find its temperature at the end of next 12 minute if the room temperature is 20°C, (Ans, 25°C}CUNIT-VIL 6. The luminosity of a star is 4096 times that of the sun. If the surface temperature of the sun is 6000 K, calculate (Gi surface temperature of the star. (Ans. 48000 K] (Hints : The luminosity of a star depends on the total heat energy radiated by it.] 47. ‘The earth receives radiant energy from the sun at the rate of 8°2 x 10* J m™ per minute. Assuming the sun to a black body, calculate its surface temperature. Stefan's constant = 5°7 x 10* W m™* K~* and angular diameter of ¢ sun = 32" : [Ans. 5769 K] 48. A body initially at 60°C cools to 48°C in four minute and to 40°C in eight minute, What will be its temperature Ger 12 minute? What is the temperature of the surroundings? (Ans, 347°C, 24°C] 49, ‘The wavelength of maximum intensity in the solar spectrum is 5500A. Find the surface temperature of the sun. Wien’s constant’ = 29 x 107 m K. [Ans. 5273 K] [F] Harder Problems 1. A layer of ice 0°149 m thick has formed on the surface of a deep pond. If the temperature of the upper surface fet ice is constant and equal to that of the air, which is at -1°C, determine approximately the time it will take for ie thickness of ice to increase by 2 x 10~ m. Given, latent heat of fusion of ice = 80 x 4200 J/kg, density of ice = kg/m’, thermal conductivity of ice = 2'52 S.J. unit. (Ans. 10 hr] 2. The rods of material X and three rods of material Y are connected as shown in the C (figure. Allthe rods are of identical length and cross-sectional area. Ifthe end A ismaintained | 5. y X wre} ‘at 60°C and the junction E at 10°C, calculate the temperatures of B, C and D. The thermal wre ot conductivity of X is 386°4 Wm! °C-! and of ¥ is 193°2 W mr! °C-!. a (LT. °78] [Ans. 30°C, 20°C, 20°C] | 3. A copper calorimeter with a copper heating element fitted inside weighs 0°300 kg. It is filled to a certain mark with 0°200 kg of a liquid. With 41 Watt electrical input to the heater, the temperature rises from 20°C to 45°C in 10 ‘minute, When 0"140 kg of the liquid is replaced by 1°250 kg of copper rivets such that the liquid level remains the same and the calorimeter heater is supplied with the same electrical input as before, the temperature rises from 20°C to 45°C in 9 min 5 sec. It is found that steady temperature of 45°C can be maintained in either case with an electrical input of 2 Watt, the room temperature remaining constant at 20°C throughout the experiments. Calculate the specific heats of (i) ‘copper and (ii) the liquid. ULE.E. °80) (Ans, 399 J kg” K~; 4200 J kg! K")) 4, The temperatures on the inside and outside of a cylindrical tube of a bad conductor of heat whose coefficient of thermal conductivity is k are kept at 6; and 62. If the inside and outside diameters are 2a and 2b respectively, show that the heat flowing across unit length of the tube per sec is 27k (8, — 0;)/ (log, b — log, a). U-E.E. 79) [Hints : Use calculus} 5. A steady stream of water flowing at the rate of 0°500 kg a minute through a glass tube 0°30 m long, | x 10° m in external diameter and 8 x 10~ m in bore, the outside of which is surrounded by steam at a pressure of 0°760 1m of mercury, is raised in temperature from 20°C to 30°C as it passes through the tube. Find the thermal conductivity of glass [C.U. ’62] [Ans. 0'5544 S.1. unit) loot — ——_ 6. Aclosed cubical box made of perfectly insulating material has walls of thickness Pore Sue |g 10°? m andthe only way for heat to enter or leave the box is through two solid, cylindrical, metallic plugs, each of cross-sectional area 12 x 10~* m? and length 8 x Metallic ‘Metallic | {0-2 m fixed in the opposite walls of the box (see Fig.). The outer surface A of one plug plug Plug _|is kept at 100°C while the outer surface B of the other plug is maintained at 4°C. The thermal conductivity of the material of the plug is 210 W m-! °C~t. A source of energy generating 151°2 J/s is enclosed inside the box. Find the equilibrium temperature of the inner surface of the box assuming that it is the same at all points on the inner surface. (LT. '72) (Ans. 76°C] 7. The walls of a building are of total area A, of which the total area of the glass windows is a. The thickness of the walls is x and that of the windows is d. The thermal conductivities of brick and glass are K, and K, respectively. Find an expression for the wattage of an electric heater which will maintain the interior of the building at a steady temperature 6°C above that of the surroundings. [Ans 2 {x,Ad + (K,x~ Kyd) a] 8. Estimate the surface temperature of the earth, assuming it to be in thermal equilibrium with the sun. Assume the surface temperature of the sun to be 5700°C, its radius 7 x 10° m and its distance from the earth 1°5 x 10!" m. ULE-E, °83) (Ans. 17°6°C]458, ELEMENTS OF PHYsics ed [G] Multiple Choice Questions [MCQ] [G] Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ] 1. Two conducting slabs of thermal conductivities K, and K3 are joined as shown. The temperatures of ends of slab are 6, and 8, (6, > 62). The final temperature of the junction (@,) is KO + K20 Ki; + K202 Oe ORR @ Settee (@) none of these (CBSE PMT ‘99, 2, Two rods having thermal conductivities in the ratio of 5 % 3 and having equal lengths and equal cross-section | are joined face to face. If the temperature of free end of first rod is at 100°C and the free end of second rod is at 20°C. then temperature of the junction is (a) 50°C (b) 90°C (©) 85°C (a) 70°C (Pb PMT ’96, i 3. A black body has maximum wavelength 4, at 2000 K. Its corresponding wave length at 3000 K will be | ©) Fan © 24, (©) Bay (@) 412, (CBSE PMT 1) | 4. A black body radiates heat energy at the rate of 2 x 105 J/s m? at a temperature of 127°C. The temperature of | black body at which the rate of radiation is 32 x 105 J/s m* is (a) 527°C 5. Theradiant energy from the sun incident normally at the surface of earth is 8-4 x 10‘J/m?-min. What would have been the radiant energy incident normally on the earth if the sun had a temperature twice the present value? (a) 168 x 108 J/m?-min (b) 33°6 x 108 J/m?-min (c) 67-2 x 10*J/m?-min (4) 134°4 x 104 Jfm?-min [CBSE PMT 99] 6. A sphere is at a temperature of 600 K. Its cooling rate is R in an external environment of 200 K. If temperature | falls to 400 K, then cooling rate R’ will be } (b) 273°C (©) 873°C (d) 927°C [AFMC Pune 98} | I | (a) 3R/16 (b) 16R/3 (© 9RR7 (6) none of these | [CBSE PMT ’99} | 7. Wien’s law states that (a) T+ Aq = constant (b) 4,7’ = constant (©) An! T = constant (@ T/A, = constant {CET °99] 8. A black body is heated from 27°C to 927°C. What will be the ratio of energies of radiation emitted? (ied 126 (©) 12.256 (1364 (Pb PMT ’95) 9. If the temperature of the sun is doubled, the rate of energy received on earth will be increased by a factor of (a2 4 8 (d) 16 [CET '991 10. Tworods A and B are of equal length. Each rod has its ends at temperature 7; and T> (7, > T>). What is the condition that will ensure equal rates of heat flow through the rods A and B? ALK AL ALK " ORR ©) Ong (@) none of these (ZL ’761 11. If the temperature of a black body increases from 7°C to 287°C. then the rate of energy radiation increases bY (@ (28777)* (b) 16 ©4 @2 [Aus ’971 12, ‘The rectangular surface of area 8 x 10°? m x 4 x 10"? m of a black body at 127°C emits energy at the rate of E per second. If the length and breadth of the surface are reduced to half of its initial value and the temperature to 327°C, the rate of emission of energy will become @ RE &) Be ORE (@) Se [MP PMT ’00) 13. A body radiates 5 W at a temperature of 400 K. If the temperature is increased to 1200 K, then it radiates energy at the rate of @s1W (b) 200 w (©) 405 W (d) 410 W[AFMC Pune '00] 14. A body cools from 60°C to 50°C in 10 min, If room temperature is 25°C, the temperature of the body at the end | of next 10 min will be (a) 385°C (b) 42°8°C (©) 40°C (45°C [MP PMT ’98) 15, The temperatures of two bodies A and B are respectively 727°C and 327°C. The ratio of Hy 2 Hy of the rates of radiation by them is (a) 7273327 (b) 533 (©) 2539 (d) 625 3 41 (MP CEE '99|