Sleeve bearings

Design Principles for Precision

Mechanisms
5. Bearings, Rollers and Webs

F F

While rotating, the shaft “climbs” up the slope until

reaches the value of the friction coefficient

Bearings, Rollers and Webs 1 Bearings, Rollers and Webs 2

The principle: the body that does not rotate with reference to the load
vector -thus the wheelbarrow- must encompass the body that does rotate,
No slip if:
thus the wheel.
900
R
r
No slip if:

r
1
R
1
r R r Better..
1
R

F
F
Bearings, Rollers and Webs Bearings, Rollers and Webs 4
3
 Creep in rolling contacts
Rolling

pure rolling rolling in practice

r
in

F
F
R
2a
contact zone

out
vp v1 v2 v1 v2 x a x a
ex1

p 1 2 1 2 x

ex2
M=0
D1= D2 microslip zone

1= 2
Bearings, Rollers and Webs 5 Bearings, Rollers and Webs 6

Spinning Friction in rolling contact

4-point ball bearing

L
c1 c2

Linear guiding with curved rollers

Bearings, Rollers and Webs 7 Bearings, Rollers and Webs 8
 The angular speed of the balls is composed of spin and tan
Bearing principles
axle

R
d
v v axle R
v R
tan axle
spin tan d d

roll

Bearings, Rollers and Webs 9 Bearings, Rollers and Webs 10

One-row deep groove ball bearing Pre-loaded angular contact bearings (1/2)

axial force needed for axial stiffness

some clearance will give a better

axial loadibility and stiffness

better
angular contact bearing

spring washer

Bearings, Rollers and Webs 11 Bearings, Rollers and Webs 12

 Pre-loaded angular contact bearings (2/2)
A1 A2 Ball bearings and retainers
pressure point P

A B
A2

A1

linear flex bush

(picture courtesy: PYC)

Bearings, Rollers and Webs 13 Bearings, Rollers and Webs 14

Bobbin type retainers for ball and roller bearings

(A.J. Roman and R. Gohar)
Principle of retainer-less bearing

RAF
A0 d vi B0
vc D
vb
A1 B1 vb 1 2 vMOV
vc
C RAI

A vMOV B MOV

Bearings, Rollers and Webs 15 Bearings, Rollers and Webs 16

 Roller with alignment error Lateral slip in friction wheel drives
Concept for one rotational direction

v
v

y
va vs
Fn x
critical

c
cy N

Bearings, Rollers and Webs 17 Small mis-alignments are allowed

Bearings, Rollers and Webs 18

the instant centre of rotation (the pole) of the web movement

pole
A wide roller constrains the in-plane DOFs of a web
pole

2
vx 2
y

vy x

1 v x1

Bearings, Rollers and Webs 19 Bearings, Rollers and Webs 20

Wide webs with considerable wrap angle constrain three DOFs Self tracking principle for narrow belts on crowned rollers

Fweb

z
y a)
vy vx
Fp
vx
x b)
Fweb

Bearings, Rollers and Webs 21 22

Bearings, Rollers and Webs
c)

Self-tracking The tracking of rollers

lateral slip at spots with

low contact load
y yˆ cos x x0
rb
rb
2

“pitting” at spots with high

contact load

Bearings, Rollers and Webs 23 Bearings, Rollers and Webs 24

 Similar to a car towing a trailer
Requirement for parallellism
unstable

stable

4
parallism must be better than 10

Lever bearing temporarily

“free”, then “self-alignment”,
then final fixation.
improvement
Bearings, Rollers and Webs 25 Bearings, Rollers and Webs 26

The friction wheel principle

indifferent

Stable for only one direction

Bearings, Rollers and Webs 27 Bearings, Rollers and Webs 28

 Self-tracking friction drive Wobbling ashtray

W
x, Rx
Fd P K
Fp

z, Rz
R r
y, R y
S

Bearings, Rollers and Webs 29 Bearings, Rollers and Webs

R r 30

The wobble disc transmission

The wobble disc transmission:

out exact constrained disc suspension

1 lc
2

3
4

in

cos example :
i 1 1
cos 0.5o , 12.5o gives : i
527

Bearings, Rollers and Webs 31 Bearings, Rollers and Webs 32

Wobble disc embodiment

3 elastic spring wires

Bearings, Rollers and Webs 33