Say true or false, explain why

1. The use of potable water as a solvent is permitted in the preparation of pharmaceutical oral

solutions.

2. Water for injection is a sterile water used for dissolving parenteral products.

3. Pharmaceutical packaging is required to provide evidence of tampering with the medicine.

4. Strip pack provides a better barrier against moisture penetration than blister pack.

5. Colloidal dispersions are distinguished from coarse dispersions by the particle size of dispersed

phase.

6. Mixed emulsifiers are more effective than single emulsifier.

7. Oil-soluble emulsifying agents are characterized by high HLB values.

8. Flocculation is the growth and fusing together of dispersed particles to form a solid aggregates.

9. The smaller the surface free energy is, the more thermodynamically stable is the suspension of
particles.

10. There are no parenteral suspensions in pharmaceutical dosage forms.

11. Dilatant materials are those that increase in volume when sheared, and the viscosity increases
with increasing shear rate.

12. Colloidal suspensions appear turbid in sun light because of light scattering.

13. Surface-active agents prevent the coalescence of dispersed droplets by forming

monomolecular film around the droplets.

14. Expiration-dating of pharmaceuticals is based on tests of the drug's stability within the body.

15. Microemulsions easily separate on standing and have broad droplet size distribution.

Instruction two

Choose the best answer and encircle the letter of your choice. (1 point each)

1. Which of the following is not true about solution?

A. A solvent is a substance which is being dissolved.

B. A solution is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances.

C. Solubility describes the concentration of solute in a saturated solution.

D. A solution is formed when a drug exists in molecular level in a solvent.

2. Which of the following is not true about the advantages of solutions as pharmaceutical dosag

forms?

A.Easier to swallow for pediatric and geriatrics.

B. Stability is better in aqueous solution than in solids.

C. Absorption is faster from solutions than from solid dosage forms.

D. Minimum irritation effect due to immediate dilution with GI fluids.

3.Biologic systems/fluids are compatible with which type of solutions?

A.that having a greater number of dissolved species than that of biological fluids

B. that having a greater number of solvent molecules than that of biological fluids

C. that having an equivalent number of dissolved species with that of biological fluids

D. that having an equivalent number of solvent molecules with that of biological fluids

4. All are used as preservative except

A. Polysorbate 80

B. Benzoic acid

C. Sodium benzoate

D. Methyl paraben

E. Propyl paraben

5. Which one of the following is used to impart flavor for a drug with unpleasant taste or odor?
A. Amaranth B. Caramel C. Sunset yellow D. Tertrazine E.Vanillina
6. The type of container which is impermeable to solids, liquids and gases during storage and use
under ordinary conditions of handling is

A. Well closed container

B.Airtight container

C. light resistance container

D. tamper-evident container

E. child resistant container

7. The selection of packaging material for pharmaceutical product is dependent on all except
A. the name of the product

B. the dosage form of the product

C.The chemical nature of the product

D. sensitivity of the product to moisture & oxygen

E. compatibility of the packaging material with the product constituents

8. The type of glass which releases the lowest amount of alkali and is used as container for

parenteral products is

A, NP

B. Type III

C. Type II

D.Type I

9. Labeling of containers of pharmaceutical products provides all advantages except

A. To know when a product is manufactured

B.To get information about its storage condition

C. To know whether a product is efficacious or not

D. To identify whether a product is in use period or not

10. A flow of materials characterized by constant viscosity regardless of the shear rates applied is

D. Dilatant flow
A Newtonian flow

B. Plastic flow C. Pseudoplastic flow

11. The term that describes the rheological behavior "elastic solid at low shear but liquid-like at higher
shear stress" is

A. plasticity

B. elasticity

C. pseudoplasticity

D. dilatancy

12. In shear-thinning fluids, the viscosity decreases with increasing shear. This shear-thinning

behaviour is referred to as

A. elasticity

B.pseudoplasticity

C. dilatancy

D. plasticity

13. Which of the following is true about viscoelasticity?

A. It describes shear-thickening effect.

B. It is time dependent non-Newtonian flow.

C. There is no recovery of the original shape upon removal of a Stress.

D. It is the combination of the properties of elastic solids and viscous liquids.

14. All of the following are true about colloidal dispersions except

A.In lyophobic dispersions the dispersed phase and dispersion medium attract each

B. Lyophilic dispersions are colloidal systems in which the dispersed phase is solvat

C. They contain substance having dimension in the range of 1nm to 0.5 μm.
 D. Hydrogels and aerosols are examples of colloidal dispersions.

15. The movement of liquid relative to a stationary charged surface under the influence of an

applied potential difference refers to

A. Electrophoresis

B.Electroosmosis

C. Sedimentation potential

D. Streaming potential

16. Identify one which is correct about emulsion formulation.

A. Water-in-oil emulsions are suitable for intravenous administration.

B. Oil-soluble drugs are suitable to formulate as water-in-oil emulsions.

C. Water-in-oil emulsions have an occlusive effect by hydration of the skin.

D. Use of a blend of oil-soluble and water-soluble emulsifying agents is not recommended.

17. One of the following is false about emulsifying agents?

A. Ionic emulsifying agents are suitable to use in oral emulsions.

B. Choice of emulsifying agents depends on route of administration and its toxicity.

C.Sorbitan esters and polysorbates are suitable for internally used emulsions.

D. Non-ionic emulsifying agents are less irritant and less toxic than their ionic counterparts.

18. The physical instability of emulsions that describes the upward movement of dispersed droplets
relative to the dispersion medium is

A.Creaming

B. Sedimentation

C. Flocculation

D. Coalescence

19. Identify one which is not correct about breaking of emulsions.

A. It is an irreversible process.
B.It is the process in which an emulsion changes from one type to another.

C. Any agent that will destroy the interfacial film will break an emulsion.

D. A simple mixing fails to resuspend the globules into a stable emulsified form.

20. Which one of the following is true about suspension?

A. It is a one phase system.

B. It is suitable for drugs soluble in vehicles.

C. It is not recommended for drugs having unpleasant taste.

D. It is not available for intravenous administration.

E.Drugs which degrade in solution can be made into suspension.

21. All are correct about the disadvantages of pharmaceutical suspensions except.

A.The formulation of aesthetic suspension is simple.

B. Pharmaceutical suspensions require to be shaken before use.

C. Pharmaceutical suspensions are thermodynamically unstable.

D. Suspension formulations may be bulky and difficult for a patient to carry.

22. All are the characteristics of deflocculated suspensions except?

A. a clear supernatant

B. a high zeta potential

C.slow sedimentation rate

D. formation of a hard cake upon storage

23. Identify one which is a correct statement about sedimentation in suspensions.

A. Rate of sedimentation decreases as size of the dispersed particles increases.

B. Rate of sedimentation increases as viscosity of the dispersion medium increases.

C.To settle particles with diameter less than 0.5 μm, a strong force ultracentrifuge is used.
D. The larger the difference in densities of the two phases is, the slower is the rate of sedimentation.

24. Which of the following is true about the use of flocculating agents?

A. They act by increasing the electrical forces of repulsion between particles.

B. Sodium salts of acetates and phosphates are examples of flocculating agent.

C. As valency of ions increases the flocculating power of electrolytes decreases.

D.An anionic flocculating agent is compatible with positively charged suspending agent.

25. In which type of colloids do the dispersed molecules tend to form large aggregates (micelles)

in the medium?

A.Lyophilic colloids

B. Lyophobic colloids

C. Amphiphile colloids

D.Coarse suspensions

Answer the following questions accordingly.

1. Define the terms emulsion and suspension in pharmaceutical liquid dosage forms.

2. Ideally emulsions should exhibit the rheological properties of pseudoplasticity and thixotropy Why?

3. Products such as injections, eye drops and nasal drops are recommended to be buffered at pH
around 7.4. Why?

4. Write methods to distinguish o/w and w/o emulsion types.

5. How do hydrophilic polymers prevent coalescence of dispersed droplets in emulsion?

6.explain the pharmaceutical applications of suspensions.

7.mention four methods to speed up dissolution of a solute in preparing solution.