Complex Sentences

Using subordinating conjunctions (because, although, since, while) and relative clauses (who, which,
that) to combine ideas.

● Example: "Although local calls peaked in 2005, they declined sharply in the following years,
while mobile calls showed a consistent upward trend."

Passive Voice

Particularly useful for describing processes or when the focus is on the action rather than the
subject.

● Example: "The highest number of calls was recorded in 2005."

Comparatives and Superlatives

To compare data points effectively.

● Example: "Local calls were more popular than both national and mobile calls throughout the
period."

Conditional Sentences

To describe potential outcomes based on certain conditions.

● Example: "If the trend continues, mobile calls may surpass local calls in the future."

Adverbial Phrases

To add more detail and connect ideas smoothly.

● Example: "By 2008, the usage of mobile calls had increased significantly."

Prepositional Phrases

To provide precise details about time and data.

● Example: "In the first five years, local calls were the most prevalent."

Using Different Tenses

Present simple for general statements, past simple for specific past data, and present perfect for
trends over time.

● Example: "The number of national and international calls has increased steadily since 2001."
Inversion for Emphasis

Used to emphasize a particular point.

● Example: "Never before had the number of mobile calls been so high."

Linking Words and Phrases

To enhance coherence and cohesion.

● Example: "Furthermore, the data shows a significant rise in mobile calls."

Sample Enhanced Paragraph

"The bar chart illustrates the number of minutes Australians spent on three types of telephone calls
(Local, National & International, and Mobile) from 2001 to 2008.

Although National & International and Mobile calls exhibited a consistent upward trend, Local calls
did not follow this pattern. It is evident that Local calls consistently had the highest volume
compared to the other categories, whereas Mobile calls were the least used.

From 2001 to 2005, all types of calls followed a similar trajectory, with Local calls peaking at 90
billion minutes in 2005. Conversely, Mobile calls were at their lowest at just 2 billion minutes in
2001.

After 2005, Local calls experienced a sharp decline to 72 billion minutes by 2008. In contrast, the
usage of National & International and Mobile calls continued to rise, reaching 61 billion and 46
billion minutes, respectively, by 2008. If this trend continues, it is possible that Mobile calls may
eventually surpass Local calls."