Table Tenses (Positive Sentence)

Tenses Present Past Future

Simple 1. S + V1 (s/es) 2. S + V2 3. S + Will + V1
Simple Continous 4. S + to be (is / 5. S + to be (was / 6. S + Will be +
am / are) + V(ing) were) + V(ing) V(ing)
Perfect 7. S + has / have + 8. S + had + V3 9. S + will have +
V3 V3
Perfect Continous 10. S + has been + 11. S + had been + 12. S + will have
V(ing) V(ing) been + V(ing)

Catatan penting:
- to be (is / am / are / was / were) and been always followed by V(ing) (continous)
- has / have / had alaways followed by V3 (perfect)

Contoh tenses:
Tenses Present Past Future
Simple Positive: I study (I Positive: I studied Positive: I will
do study -> I (I did study) study
sungguh2 belajar)
Negative: I didn’t Negative: I will
Negative: I don’t study not study
study
Question: Did I Question: Will I
Note: I’m not study? study?
study (salah)

Yang benar: I’m

happy (Subject +
to be + adjective)

Question: Do I
study?

Simple Continous Positive: I am Positive: I was Positive: I will be

studying studying studying

Negative: I am Negative: I was Negative: I will

not studying not studying not be studying

Question: am I Question: was I Question: Will I

studying? studying? be studying?

Perfect Positive: Positive: Positive:

Negative: Negative: Negative:
Question: Question: Question:

Perfect Continous Positive: Positive: Positive:

Negative: Negative: Negative:
Question: Question: Question:
Catatan Khusus: Do / Does / Did + V1
Simple present tense:
1. I (do) study -> I study
2. You (do) study -> You study
3. We (do) study -> We study
4. They (do) study -> They study
5. She (does) study -> She studies
6. He (does) study -> He studies
7. It (does) study -> It studies

Simple past tense:

1. I (did) study -> I studied
2. You (did) study -> You studied
3. We (did) study -> We studied
4. They (did) study -> They studied
5. She (did) study -> She studied
6. He (did) study -> He studied
7. It (did) study -> It studied

Perfect Tenses (grammar-mosnter.com)

1. Present Perfect Tense
Format: Subject + has / have + V3

The present perfect tense describes an action that began in the past (despite being a present tense).
For example:
 John has taken Sarah's advice.
 They have fixed the fence.
Often, the action being described is still continuing into the present (e.g., John continues to take
Sarah's advice). This is how the present perfect tense differs from the simple past tense.

Comparing the Present Perfect Tense and the Simple Past Tense
Here is another example of the present perfect tense (highlighted). For comparison, the example is
given alongside similar-looking example featuring the simple past tense.
 Janet has run two miles.
(This is the present perfect tense. In this example, Janet is still running when the words were
said.)

 Janet ran two miles.

(This is the simple past tense. In this example, Janet has stopped running when the words were
said.)
Positive: I have studied
Negative: I have not studied
Question: Have I studied?

2. Past Perfect Tense

The past perfect tense describes a completed activity in the past. It is used to emphasize that an
action was completed before another action took place. For example:
 John had baked a cake before you arrived (simple past tense)
 They had painted the fence before I (subject) had (V2) a chance to speak to them (simple past
tense)

Catatan tambahan:
I (S) had (V2) breakfast (simple past tense)
I (S) had (bentuk rumus dari perfect sentense) had (V3) breakfast before She came (simple past
perfect tense)

I (S) have (bentuk rumus dari perfect sentense) had (V3) breakfast (simple present perfect)
She (S) has (bentuk rumus dari perfect sentense) had (V3) breakfast (simple present perfect)
They ((S) had bentuk rumus dari perfect sentense) had (V3) breakfast (simple past perfect)

V1: has / have

V2: had
V3: had
More Examples of the Past Perfect Tense
Here are some more examples of the past perfect tense (shaded):
 Silverfinger had taken the pill before the team reached him.
(First: He took the pill. Next: The team reached him.)

 I had called the police before I investigated the noise in the garden.
(First: I called the police. Next: I investigated the noise.)
 The weather changed, but the team had planned its next move.
(First: The team planned. Next: The weather changed.)

Positive: I had studied

Negative: I had not studied
Question: Had I studied?

3. Future Perfect Tense

The future perfect tense is used to describe an action that will have been completed (future perfect
tense passive) at some point in the future. For example:
 John will have baked a cake.
 They will have painted the fence.
The future perfect tense is often used with a time expression (shown in bold) that identifies a point in
the future. For example:
 John will have baked a cake (simple future perfect tense) before you arrive (simple present
tense)
 They will have painted the fence before I have a chance to speak to them.

 John had baked a cake (simple past perfect) before you arrived (simple past tense)
Examples of the Future Perfect Tense
Here are some examples of the future perfect tense (shaded):
 By the time you arrive, we will have finished the meal and the speeches.
(Note: "By the time you arrive" identifies the point in the future.)

 I will have read every magazine in the waiting room before I see the dentist.
(Note: The clause "before I see the dentist" identifies the point in the future.)
 I hope that, when I leave this planet, I will have touched a few people in a positive way. (Actor
Will Rothhaar)
(Note: The clause "when I leave this planet" identifies the point in the future.)

Positive: I will have studied

Negative: I will have not studied
Question: Will have I studied.

4. Present Perfect Continous Tense

The present perfect progressive tense has two uses. It is used for:
 A continuous activity that began in the past and continues into the present. For example:
 Those workmen have been fixing the roads.
 A continuous activity that began in past but has now finished (usually very recently). For example:
 John has been baking cakes.
You have to rely on context to tell you whether the activity is still ongoing in the present or has
finished. For example, the workmen might still be working, and John's finished cakes might be on the
table.

Of course, it is unusual for an activity that started in the past and finished in the past to be
categorized as present tense, but this is because it normally has a relevance to the present (e.g.,
John's cakes are now available).
Here are some more examples of the present perfect progressive tense:
 Julie has been relying on a pay rise to pay her student loan.
(Julie might still be relying on a pay rise, or she might have received the pay rise. You can't
tell from this sentence. However, this information is just setting the scene for some more
information about Julie's present situation.)

 Mr and Mrs Cox have been taking the wrong pills for years.
(The Coxes might still be taking the wrong pills or not. You can't tell from this sentence. However,
this information is just setting the scene for some more information about the Coxes' present
situation.)

Positive: I have been studying for 2 hours / since this afternoon

Negative: I have not been studying
Question: Have I been studying
l

5. Past Perfect Continous Tense

The past perfect progressive tense is used to show that an ongoing action in the past has ended. For
example:
 John had been baking a cake.
 They had been painting the fence.
More Examples of the Past Perfect Progressive Tense
Here are some more examples of the past perfect progressive tense (shaded):
 She had been painting the door before the dog scratched it.
 The jury had been considering its verdict for several hours when the judge effectively ordered
them to find Jones guilty.
 He just couldn't summon the energy. He had been working at the dock all afternoon.

Positive: I had been studying

Negative: I had not been studying
Question: Had I been studying

6. Future Perfect Continous Tense

Future Perfect Progressive Tense

The future perfect progressive tense is used for an ongoing action that will be completed at some
specified time in the future. For example:
 John will have been baking a cake.
 They will have been painting the fence.
The future perfect progressive tense is typically used with two time expressions: one specifying a time
in the future and one stating the length of the activity. For example:
 By six o'clock, John will have been baking a cake for an hour.
("By six o'clock" specifies a time in the future. "For an hour" tells us the length of the
activity.)

 They will have been painting the fence for two days by Saturday.
("By Saturday" specifies a time in the future. "For two days" tells us the length of the activity.)
More Examples of the Future Progressive Tense
Here are some more examples of the future perfect progressive tense (shaded):
 In July next year, you will have been studying for eight months.
("In July next year" is the specified time. "For eight months" tells us how long.)

 I will have been playing poker for 30 years by then.

("By then" is the specified time. "For 30 years" tells us how long.)
 By the time the boat arrives, they will have been living without proper food for two weeks.
("By the time the boat arrives" is the specified time. "For two weeks" tells us how long.)

Positive: I will have been studying for 1 hour by 8pm

Negative: I will have not been studying
Question: Will have I been studying