SURVEYING SCIENCE AND GEOMETICS

FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, PLANNING AND SURVEYING, UITM

KAMPUS ARAU, PERLIS
DIPLOMA OF SURVEYING SCIENCE AND GEOMATICS -AP120 GSS
100: PRINCIPLES OF SURVEYING
TITLE: GROUND PENETRATING RADAR SURVEY
PREPARED BY:
NU NAME NO.MATRIC
M
1. AKMAL HAZIQ BIN MOHD 2022487064
2. ADAM BIN A HASNAN 2022459702
3. HAIKAL IKHWAN BIN
ABDUL AZIZ 2022492362
4. MUHAMMAD AIDIL HAKIM
BIN NASRULHAKIM 2022816316
5. MUHAMMAD IQBAL BIN
MOHD NAZARI 2022600878

PREPARED FOR:
DR NURUL AIN BINTI MOHD ZAKI
 INTRODUCTION OF GROUND PENETRATING RADAR SURVEY

A Ground Penetrating Radar Survey, commonly referred to as a GPR survey, is a geophysical

locating technique that makes use of radio waves to take images of entities below ground level
without digging up the soil.Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) has been used in several science
branches.It is used widely across the globe by civil engineers, archeologist and others. The GPR
first used for military purposes such as detecting underground tunnels.Utility companies use it
for subsurface tank and pipe locating. In fact, the GPR also been used in space exploration, it
was utilized on the moon for lunar sounding experiment during Apollo 17 mission. GPR can
penetrate depth to detect certain material or objects on a specific frequency. Furthermore, the
GPR is used in archeology field.It is used to detect fossils and prehistoric relics.Other than that,
there are two types of GPR frequencies that has been used in this GSS100 program which is 250
Hz and 800Hz. Hence, GPR was found to be effective at a range of sites with different remote
sensing needs.
 OBJECTIVE OF GROUND PENETRATING RADAR SURVEY

-To understand the correct method to use the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) in
GPR Survey.

-To have hands-on experience in setting up and working with the GPR on site

-To identify the location of underground piping network by reading the frequencies
the right way.

-To improve knowledge in GPR survey procedure

-To determine the depth of underground piping network by using GPR survey

-To set a specific frequency to detect underground piping network and other
underground anomaly that related to geomatics survey

INSTRUMENTS OF GROUND PENETRATING RADAR SURVEY

NUM INSTRUMENT EXAMPLE
1. CONTROL
UNIT (CONSOLE)

2. TRANSMITTER
ANTENNA

3. RECEIVER
ANTENNA

4. ENCODER
WHEEL
 PROCEDURES FOR GROUND PENETRATING RADAR SURVEY

-Set up the GPR by assembling the components as shown in diagram 1.

-Turn on the control unit (console).

-Turn on the Antenna by switching on the button.

-Analyze the target and target material by moving the GPR.

-Configure your GPR system properly by understanding the target size and
depth.

-Set the right antenna’s frequency.

-Record and save the data.

PRECAUTION:

-Do not use the GPR in wet ground condition.

DIAGRAM 1
DISCUSSION FOR GROUND PENETRATING RADAR SURVEY

We were introduced to the GPR survey.The instructor explained to us how to set

up and use the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) on site.There are few main
components on the GPR that are commonly used.
First and foremost, the GPR must be assembled into a piece. The control
unit which will display all of the details in detecting underground
anomaly.Specifically in our GSS100 program it is used to detect underground
piping network.The control unit will display us the reading for the depth measured
of the underground piping network.

Furthermore, the transmitter antenna which is one of the important part of the GPR
will emits high frequency radio signal into the ground.The radio signal will
penetrate through the ground and it will bounce back to the receiver antenna when
an underground pipe is detected.This is because the underground pipe has a
significant frequency with the radio signal emitted by the transmitter antenna.
After that, it will measure the depth of underground pipe.The calculation has been
determined precisely by the time taken of the radio signal to propagate from the
transmitting antenna into the subsurface and reflecting the receiving
antenna.Moreover, the precaution step has stated that to not use the GPR during
wet ground condition. Wet condition causes the soil to be moist.The moisture will
increases soil’s conductivity which will interrupt the signal to bounce back to the
receiver antenna.This will make the waves difficult to penetrate through water
contains in the soil.

Last but not least, when the underground piping network has been detected
surveyor can do the mapping precisely according to the location and the depth of
the underground piping network.
 CONCLUSION

From what we have learned about GPR survey, we can conclude that doing this kind of
survey require accurate reading and consistent handling of the instrument.If the reading is
inaccurate and inconsistent it will cause many implication such as an error leading to
construction failure because of the inaccurate underground mapping. As a result, this
error will cost a lot to fix again.Hence, surveyor must follow the procedure to execute the
GPR survey accurately.

In addition, this method has advantages and disadvantages. For instance, it require low
manpower but it require complex technology. The maintenance for GPR require high cost
services. On the other hand, it is difficult to begin the GPR survey if no information about
the working site is obtained.It is hard to determine where to place the GPR if no pipe
detected in the first place. But this problem have several solution for instance use the
PCL as an alternative.The PCL can detect the presence of underground anomaly such as
piping network.Hence, this instrument ease the surveyor to determine where to start.

In conclusion, this GPR survey may not be exact and contain several error.The presence
of this error may caused by human error due to imperfect instrument handling. Besides,
the error from this GPR survey may caused by the technical issue such as the GPR
malfunction due to the weather condition.Thus, considering those factor before working
on site is very crucial.
 GENERAL COMMENT
-AKMAL HAZIQ BIN MOHD
From my point of view, I can conclude that we obviously struggle to understand
the complicated features and procedure when handling this GPR technology.From
what I have observed, detecting the pipe by reading the parabolic display on the
control unit is a bit difficult.Last but not least, the GPR complexity ease the
surveyor to do the mapping job well.Thus, understanding how the GPR works help
us to acknowledge the science behind the waves propagation.As the saying goes
killing two birds with one stone.I hope that we are well prepare mentally and
physically for upcoming task and studies.
 REFERENCE

https://pinpointr.tech/?
gclid=CjwKCAiA5sieBhBnEiwAR9oh2pjUtGapWYsxE5LBc5gYSOiwY06JTNwjMuD
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https://www.googleadservices.com/pagead/aclk?
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YhkubPKNXS8DIdg6yPj3uoHRXiC8NDym01krFShHjQb9KiQeZvhc3E0rh5oeE8gH31
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iROwM_3lCMA&q&adurl&ved=2ahUKEwiuleiQxuX8AhX3VWwGHcnVCS8Q0Qx6B
AgHEAE

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survey/

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surveys/