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Formato Brose 8-D-Problem Solving Schemexlsx_ (1)
Formato Brose 8-D-Problem Solving Schemexlsx_ (1)
The minium requirement is the 8D-report - the usage of Is IsNot, Ishikawa and
5Why (tabs highlighted in green) is recommended.
Target-Situation
(Brose's point of view)
Date when next update of 8D- Last revision [date of the last 8D-
report will be provided report update]
Remarks
D2 Problem description
Summary from Is/IsNot:
D3 Containment actions
Verified /
in progress X
Legend Open Realized X X Validated X X X
Containment action(s) supplier (production, stock, spare parts warehouse, transport, ...)
Realization
Actions Responsible Planned date Status Evidence of effectiveness
date
Containment action(s) Brose/OEM/Tier (production, stock, spare parts warehouse, transport, ...)
Realization
Actions Responsible Planned date Status Evidence of effectiveness
date
Delivery note
Identification Responsible Date of delivery Status Remarks
no.
Realization
Actions Responsible Planned date Status Evidence of effectiveness
date
D5 / D6 Corrective Actions
Actions against failure occurrence or failure cause respectively (product / process, technical solutions,…)
Realization
Actions Responsible Planned date Status Evidence of effectiveness
date
Realization
Actions Responsible Planned date Status Evidence of effectiveness
date
Realization
Actions Responsible Planned date Status Evidence of effectiveness
date
Lessons Learned
Realization
Actions Responsible Planned date Status Evidence of effectiveness
date
D8 Completion
Completion status
Signature: Date:
Status 8D supplier
In process Suggested for closure Closed Akzeptanz noch nicht geklärt
8D-Status Brose
In process Closed Akzeptanz noch nicht geklärt
Attached documents:
N.o.k.-parts
Date
Customer
Internal
…
Date
Customer
Internal
…
Date
Customer
Internal
…
Date
Customer
Internal
…
Date
Customer
Internal
…
N.o.k.-parts
12
10
8
…
Internal
6
Customer
4
Sorting results
Identification suspected Production date of the
Sorted parts N.o.k.-parts Sorting date Identification o.k. - Parts Conclusion of sorting
Parts sorted parts
Endcustomer - claiming plant
Endcustomer - other plant(s)
Endcustomer - others
Brose - claiming plant
Brose - other plant(s)
Brose - others
Supplier - production
Supplier - storage
Supplier - spare parts
Logistics - parts on seafreight
Logistics - parts on airfreight
Logistics - external service
provider
Logistics - others
…
Sorting results
12
10
6 Sorted parts
N.o.k.-parts
4
0
Endcustomer Endcustomer Endcustomer Brose - Brose - other Brose - Supplier - Supplier - Supplier - Logistics - Logistics - Logistics - Logistics - …
- claiming - other - others claiming plant(s) others production storage spare parts parts on parts on air- external ser- others
plant plant(s) plant seafreight freight vice provider
Object
WHAT
Problem
Observed on object
WHERE
Where is the object when the Where else could the object be
deviation is observed? when the deviation is observed,
but is not?
Geographically
When was the deviation observed When else could the deviation
first? have been observed first, but was
(date and time) not?
First observed
When since that time has the When since that time could the
deviation been observed? Any deviation have been observed, but
pattern? was not?
WHEN
Elsewhere observed
When in the process history was When else, in the object's history,
the deviation first observed? could the deviation have been
observed first, but was not?
How many objects have this How many objects could have the
deviation? deviation, but do not?
How many deviations are on each How many deviations could there
object? be on each object, but are not?
Number of problems
EXTENT
Extent
What is the trend? (…in the What could be the trend, but is
object?) (…in the number of not? (…in the number of
occurrences of the deviation? (… occurrences of the deviation? (…
in the size of the deviation?) in the size of the deviation?)
Tendency
IS / IS NOT Summary
Problem Statement:
… …
IS IS NOT IS IS NOT IS IS NOT IS IS NOT IS IS NOT IS IS NOT IS IS NOT IS IS NOT IS IS NOT IS IS NOT IS IS NOT IS IS NOT IS IS NOT IS IS NOT IS IS NOT IS IS NOT IS IS NOT
Specification / Feature
problem?
correct
Systematic
Specification / Prioritization or comment on
consideration Influencing factors O.k.-part N.o.k.-part
Feature the influence factor
regarding the 5Ms
Non-detection
If "Yes": Continue processing with the influencing factors test for non-detection. 5x Why
If "No": Continue processing with the 5 Whys (Why is this error feature not covered though a test?)
performed according to
Is this specification
specification?
Use this path to investigate the specific nonconformance caused by the manufacturing process
Use this path to investigate why the problem was not detected
Legend Sub-
New Projects Production lines / projects Other plants Others
supplier(s)
O Original location
X Location with similar process / risk
NA Not Applicable
P Pass Through
Original location
No. Work package Task / point / issue Person responsible Deadline Status Comments
(DD.MM.YY)
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Revised by:
Problem Description:
Final results:
Available evaluation
description result comments
points (red,amber,green)
D0 - Problem Statement
Description of what is good and what is bad in "What is wrong with what?"-
10 form is done.
0
D2 - Problem description
Graphical representation of problem available (if applicable)? Pictures are
2 showing the difference?
0
A summary of the Is-data is done out of the Is/IsNot to thoroughly describe the
6 problem?
0
D3 - Containment actions
Containment actions are defined, verified and validated. Brose / endcustomer is
12 protected.
0
Inspection results in the supply chain to all customer locations are available (tab
6 'Statistic')?
0
Determination of clean point (identification of good material and when the first
2 delivery with good material will be available)?
0
Containment has been verified and implemented within the (from Brose)
6 expected time?
0
D4 - Failure cause
8 Potential causes are identified for occurence and non-detection (Ishikawa)? 0
The problem description from the Is/IsNot has been used as the problem
4 statement in the Ishikawa?
0
First evaluation which potential influences have the highest priority was done
4 (Ishikawa)?
0
Probable and possible causes from the first evaluation have been prioritised by
2 using C&E?
0
Evidence that problem has been able to be turned on/off (show how the root
10 cause was confirmed)?
0
4 Root causes have been found and verified within expected time (Brose)? 0
Evidence that the action(s) eliminate the root causes / Verification that
12 corrective actions enable to "turn the problem on and off".
0
Evidence with data that show the significant improvement after implementation
8 of the action(s). Charts with data of Before and After the implementation of the 0
permanent corrective actions are available (tab 'Statistic')
D7 - Lessons Learned
Direct product/process related documents have been communicated and
8 implemented (like P-FMEA, work instructions, maintenance schedules, PLP, 0
drawings…)
D8 - Completion
Have the containments been removed after implementation and succesful
4 validation of the corrective actions?
0
The 8D-report is used as a reporting document in the automotive industry. With this document, it can be clarified between the customer and supplier what
problem is present with which effects, who the contact persons are (e.g. who has been involved in the problem-solving), and which measures were taken. It
acts as a guideline for systematic problem solving and supports the problem solving process by providing the corresponding tools.
The following descriptions explain the 8D-steps, required technical terms, as well as the tools themselves. Please consider that Brose is especially focused on
systematic problem solving - the use of some of the tools is therefore seen as mandatory (marked accordingly).
D0 - Problem Statement
Step D0 acts as a rough description of the problem. In case of an official claim, you will receive this information from Brose.
The problem description should always explain "WHAT is wrong with WHAT?" (in the form of object and deviation). For demonstration, the NOK-condition
is opposed to the desired OK-condition (usually this is clear, but in some cases the required condition is not obvious).
Examples:
- current consumption too high (1A) versus desired current consumption of 0,1A
- shaft length too long (33mm) versus shaft length 30±0,2mm
D2 - Problem description
In step D2, the problem is described according to its effect and symptoms as detailed as possible (compared to D0 where the problem was desribed in a rough
manner only). It is only allowed to use data, facts and figures - assumptions can lead to wrong conclusions and should therefore be avoided strictly!
For collecting data, pictures, videos, and analysis data can be used as well as data from the containment actions if available (see step D3). Step D2 does not
have to occur between D1 and D3 in a sequential manner, but rather this information should be gathered and updated throughout the entire problem solving
process.
The Is/Is Not is a collection of all information to describe the problem using 12 questions. The specialty is that it asks not only what has been
observed, but also what THEORETICALLY could have been observed, but in fact was not. Be sure to use facts only - if you are not sure,
add the information to the column "missing information" and try to find an answer to these questions while the problem solving process is
ongoing. Try to fill in each row if possible!
Is/Is Not (TOOL)
The two columns "distinctions" and "changes" are used to generate first clues in regards to potential causes. The column "distinctions" is
used to find suggestions why one state was observed, while the other wasn't - e.g. influence from temperatures could have influenced why a
problem was geographically observed only in warmer regions, while not observed in colder regions. The column "changes" describes if e.g.
a maintenance was done at the same period as the defective part was produced and thus could have caused the problem.
These questions are used to deliver more detailed information regarding the problem, but the information is not gathered systematically
W-questions
compared to the Is/IsNot. The W-questions are thought to deliver a short but detailed overview of the problem within the 8D-report.
The suspect quantities decribe the amount of parts that still need to be analysed, which means that it is not yet known if those parts are OK or
Suspect quantities and NOK- NOK.
quantities The NOK-quantity is the amount of found and verified defective parts.
Different storage locations are considered here.
The link leads to the tab "Statistic" - here it is collected all information how much NOK-parts are found where and when. The chart is also
Failure development (TOOL)
used to show evidence in later step D6 (verification and validation).
D3 - Containment actions
In step D3, containment actions at Brose, the OEM or the supplier are documented which shall avoid NOK-parts being delivered to the customer (Brose /
OEM) e.g. by using replacement deliveries, sorting activities or approved rework etc.
In the moment the delivery with OK-parts can be ensured, the clean point has to be communicated to Brose, which means when does the first OK-delivery
arrive at Brose, how is it marked etc.
A 3D-report that contains all relevant information from step D1 to D3 has to be sent to Brose within 24 hours after a claim has been raised.
With the help of the Read-Across it is possible to check if the chosen containments can be applied to other projects, processes, plants or
Read-Across (TOOL) suppliers for the purpose of lessons learned. Please fill the rows with your chosen containments and the columns with projects, processes etc.
which could be affected as well. Then check for each line and column of the matrix if it is applicable and feasible.
The link, like the Failure-Development (see above), leads to the tab "Statistic"- here it pertains to the lower half of this sheet. There, it is
Sorting results (TOOL)
possible to collect sorting results and to generate a graphical representation.
D4 - Failure cause
In step D4, all measures are documented that are necessary to analyse the technical causes and root causes. It is important that all causes are verified by doing
tests or comparisons. Corrective actions that will be defined later can only be effective if evidence is shown that the real causes are found.
To sustainably ensure that similar problems will not occur again, it is necessary to also consider the organizational backgrounds - the systemic causes.
Therefore, an orientation at the three areas "Why is the defect made?", "Why was the defect shipped?" and "Why was the defect not avoided previously?"may
be useful.
Apply a sufficient description of the problem in the field "problem / defect" . The Ishikawa-diagram helps you to identify the causes of
errors. The sources of errors are divided by type and detection? into the following factors: Man, Machine, Material, Method and Nature.
Ishikawa-Diagram (TOOL) Expand this subdivision with more detailed causes within a superior point. In order to do this, use the provided fields and arrows in the lower
box by drag & drop and fill in possible sources of errors in the yellow fields. Then, evaluate the noted causes by using the provided
evaluation modules.
The Cause and Effect Matrix helps to accurately assess the available failure sources. Therein, the dimensions of the IS-criteria from the Is-/Is
Not-Summary are compared to the possible causes from the Ishikawa-diagram. The yellow squares represent the intersections of respective
Cause & Effect Matrix (TOOL) criteria. Enter appropriate values and add them together in the "Result"-field to determine the most probable fault cause of the problem. The
following measurement steps can be used:
1 = no relationship; 4 = barely connected; 7 = noticeably connected; 10 = very strong correlation
The influences found in the Ishikawa-diagram need to be evaluated according to their plausibility. Therefore, the potential cause is proven by
a comparison of a good versus a bad part.
Verify influences (TOOL) Example: You have found a noisy window regulator. One chosen influence from the Ishikawa is found in category "Man," which is "part
lubricated". It is now checked on the OK and NOK-part if the lubricant is present or not. If so, the influence can be disregarded. If the
response is negative (OK-part was lubricated, NOK-part wasn't), one plausible cause has been found.
The 5xWhy is used to explore the root causes with why-questions. Note the subdivision into "occurence", "non-detection" and "systemic".
Systemic means to investigate what process/system was not robust and thus was allowing the failure to be made.
5xWhy (TOOL)
Five questions are not always enough to find the root cause. Check this and continue the process if necessary.
In step D5/D6, permanent corrective actions are planned, their implementation is documented and the efficiency is verified.
First, corrective actions are defined for the root causes found. These actions must always include responsibilities, due dates and a current status. In general,
there are actions for eliminating the failure occurence and the non-detection. Then, the actions' effectiveness must be verified and validated so that it can be
ensured that the failure will not reocurr.
The link, like the Failure-Development (see above), leads to the tab "Statistic". In this step, the chart is used to show evidence. It must be
Validation (TOOL) shown that actions are implemented so that the failure will not reoccur.
(Note: verification = "It worked this time" vs. validation = "It works every time").
With the help of the Read-Across it is possible to check if the chosen corrective actions can be applied to other projects, processes, plants or
Read-Across (TOOL) suppliers for the purpose of lessons learned. This time, please fill the rows with your chosen corrective actions and the columns with
projects, processes etc. which could be affected as well. Then check for each line and column of the matrix if it is applicable and feasible.
In step D7, the recurrence of the failure shall be prevented for the purpose of lessons learned. Therefore, think beyond the immediate problem. For instance,
where could the same problem occur? Modify the necessary systems, practices, and procedures to prevent the recurrence of this and similar problems.
In general, measures against the systemic root causes are discussed.
The Read-Across-Analysis of previous steps (see above) can now be finalized. The goal is to share lessons learned and, thus, prevent the
Read-Across (TOOL)
recurrence of this or similar problems.
D8 - Closure
In step D8, the problem solving process and, thus, the 8D-report is closed. Please make sure that the issue is officially closed in both the Brose and your
system. It is important that the problem and its solution was documented and communicated.
Please enter here the current stauts of the problem solving. If you want to close the 8D, you need to set your intent to close the issue and set
Status 8D supplier the acceptance-status in the last column by chosing an option from the drop-down menu (click on the field to open).
After review from Brose you will get a feedback if Brose accepts the closure of the 8D.
8D-Status Brose These fields are filled by Brose only - here you will get the feedback from Brose if the 8D has been accepted.
The evaluation matrix is a tool to evaluate the 8D-report as objectively as possible. The evaluation criteria are categorized in 8 steps like the
8D-report itself. When evaluating by using the traffic light colours "red = not acceptable", "amber = acceptable" and "green = OK", a
Evaluation (TOOL)
different number of points is awarded. The overall result will be expressed as a percentage. Using this evaluation, the necessary 8D-contents
are reviewed and reports of high quality shall be ensured.
To avoid reoccurring failures, a consequent visualization of failures is important, both in the team and in the production line. Therefore, the
"Table of defect parts" - GER:
"table of defect parts" is used to inform and train employees. By presenting defective parts and demonstrating containment actions,
"Schadenstisch" (TOOL)
employees are integrated in the problem solving process.
In the action plan, all actions can be documented. This list allows a clear overview of responsibilities, due dates and documents the status of
Internal action plan (TOOL)
every action. The implementation of actions can hereby be guarenteed.