CHAPTER-I

INTRODUCTION TO AI

CS IV Hawassa University Faculty of Informatics

 What is AI?
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 Which is created by humans by loading suitable

intelligent algorithms and a large volume of data to
solve real world complex problems.
 AI can now take on many of the most repetitive jobs
performed by humans with more accuracy and much
faster.
 So that humans will be able to work less hours, having
more free time to enjoy their life, family, hobbies, and
friends.
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 Artificial Intelligence made-up of two words:

Artificial + intelligence

Man made Thinking

Power/ability
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Enables computers to
solve more complex
problems.

Enable computers to
figure things out from
the data and deliver AI
Enables to machines to applications.
mimic the behavior of
humans
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 AI is a way to make machines think and behave intelligently.

 These machines are controlled by software inside them.
 It concerns with the way how machines to sense, reason, think, act.
 It is the branch of computer science by which we can create
intelligent machines which can behave like human, thing like human
and able to make decisions.
 With AI we don't need to preprogram the machine to do some
work,
 We have create machine with programmed algorithm which can
work with own intelligent which is awesomeness of AI.
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 Why do we need to study AI?

 One of the main reasons we want to study AI is to automate
several real world complex problems.
 To
 Handle large amounts of data in an efficient way.
 Collect data simultaneously from multiple sources without any lag.
 Index and organize data in a way that allows us to derive
insights.
 Learn from new data and update constantly using the right
learning algorithms.
 Think and respond to situations based on the conditions in real
time.
 Solving a problem in an easy manner
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 Why do we need to study AI?

 With help of AI, we can create machines which can
solve real-world complex problems very easily and
accurately such as health issues, marketing, traffic
issues.
 With help of AI, we can create our own personal virtual
assistance such as google assistance, siri,etc
 With help of AI , we can build intelligent robots which
can work in environment where survival of human can
be at risk.
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 What is the intelligence?

 Ability of problem solving
 The ability to think, plan and schedule
 The ability to Information manipulation
 Ability to tackle ambiguous problems
 Ability to learn and recognize
 Ability to understand and perceive
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 Intelligence is made-up of following components:

Intelligence

Reasoning Learning Perception Problem Solving Linguistic

intelligence
 Judgment  Acquiring  Working Comprehend to
 Gaining
 Decision Interpreting through details speak ,verbal
Knowledge
 Prediction  Selecting of problems to and written
 Organizing reach to the language
sensor data solution
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 Types of intelligence
 Logical-mathematical intelligence.
 Linguisticintelligence.
 Spatial intelligence.
 Musical intelligence.
 Intrapersonal intelligence.
 Interpersonal intelligence.
 Naturalistic intelligence.
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• The Formal Definitions for Artificial Intelligence consider to two things

Systems that think like humans
“The exciting new effort to make
computers think … machines with minds,
in the full and literal sense”
“[The automation of] activities that we
associate with human thinking, activities
such as decision making, problem solving,
learning …”
“The study of mental faculties through the “A field of study that seeks to explain
use of computational models”
“The study of computation that make it
possible to perceive reason and act”
Systems that act like humans
“The art of creating machines that
perform functions that require
intelligence when performed by people”
“The study of how to make computers do
things at which, at the moment, people
are better”
and emulate intelligent behavior in terms
of computational processes”
“The branch of computer science that is
concerned with the automation of
intelligent behavior”
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 Goals of AI
 To create expert systems:
 The systems which exhibit intelligent behavior, learn, demonstrate,
explain, and advice its users.
 To replicate /implement human intelligence in machines:
 Creating systems that understand, think, learn, and behave like
humans.
 Building a machine which can perform knowledge
intensive tasks that requires human intelligent such as:
 Proving a theorem, playing chess, plan some surgical operations, and
driving a car in traffic
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 The Foundations of AI
 The below are academic disciplines important to AI:
 Philosophy: Logic, methods of reasoning, mind as physical
system, foundations of learning, language, rationality.
 Mathematics: Formal representation and proof, computation,
probability.
 Neuroscience: neurons as information processing units.
 Psychology/ Cognitive Science: how do people behave,
perceive, process information, represent knowledge.
 Computer engineering: building fast computers
 Control theory: design systems that maximize an objective
function over time
 Linguistics: knowledge representation, grammar
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 Applications of AI?
 Artificial Intelligence has various applications in today's society
 Following are some sectors which have the application of Artificial
Intelligence:
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 AI applications: identification technologies

 ID cards:
 E.G., ATM cards
 Can be a security risk:
 Cards can be lost, stolen, passwords forgotten, etc
 Biometric identification:
 Walk up to a locked door
 Fingerprint device
 Iris scan
 Signature
 Voice pattern
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 AI application: For Security application

 AI uses for Security applications
 For identifying face of crime makers
 For identifying some one from other
 Object identification

Example
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 AI Applications: Predicting the Stock Market

 Very difficult problem!
 Given the past, predict the future
 We can use learning algorithms to learn a predictive
model from historical data
 Banks and financial traders used such models
 Note: association rule mining-to identify relations of
different items
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 Ai-applications: machine translation

 Language problems is international business
 How hard is automated translation
 Very difficult!
 Ex: english to russian, to amharic, to tigrigna , to afan
oromoo, to sidama language, and other ethio-local
languages.
 Not only the words be translated, but also their meaning
also!
 However.
 Use algorithms which combine dictionaries, grammar models, etc.
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 Application of AI :in Everyday Life

 Post office
 Automatic address recognition and sorting of mail
 Banks
 Automatic check readers, signature verification systems
 Automated loan application classification
 Telephone companies
 Automatic voice recognition for directory inquiries
 Credit card companies
 Automated fraud detection
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 Application of AI in Everyday Life

 Computer companies
 Automated diagnosis for help-desk applications
 Movie search
 Movie recommendation
 Google:
 Search technology
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 Current research areas of AI:

 Current scholars of AI working on the following:
 Robotics
 Medical diagnosis
 Security application
 Language processing
 Vehicle riding
 Gamming
 Smart city / Smart environment
 Expert systems
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 Reading assignment
History of AI
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