GRAVITATION – Assignment – 24-02-2022 - Sebastian Sir

SINGLE CORRECT TYPE

1. A space station consists of two living modules attached to a central hub on opposite sides of the hub
by long corridors of equal length. Each living module contains N astronauts of equal mass. The mass
of the space station is negligible compared to the mass of the astronauts, and the size of the central hub
and living modules is negligible compared to the length of the corridors. At the beginning of the day,
the space station is rotating so that the astronauts feel as if they are in gravitational field of strength g.
Two astronauts, one from each module, climb into the central hub, and the remaining astronauts now
feel a gravitational of strength g'. The ratio g'/g in terms of N?

S
IC
YS
A)
N
B)
N
C)
 N-1  N 
D) 
2


 N-1  N-1 N  N-1 

PH
Key: D
Sol: NmωL2 =  N-1 mω'L2
F
O
ω' N g' ω'2 L
= =
ω N-1 g ω 2 L
L
O

2
g'  N 
  
O

g  N 1 
H

2. A crew of scientists has built a new space station. The space station is shaped like a wheel of radius R,
SC

with essentially all its mass M at the rim. When the crew arrives, the station will be set rotating at a
rate that causes an object at the rim to have radial acceleration g, thereby simulating Earth's surface
N

gravity. This is accomplished by firing two small rockets simultaneously, each with thrust T newtons,
IA

mounted on the station's rim (diametrically opposite). How long a time t does one need to fire the
rockets to achieve the desired condition?
D
IN

gR 3 M gRM gR M gRM
A) t= B) t= C) t= D) t=
 2T   2T  π T (πT)

Key: B

Sol:
Angular impulse =  2TRdt
By angular impulse theoram
 2TRt=L f -Li

2TRt=MR 2 ω
Fnet towards centre is ma N

mg=mω2 R

g
ω=
R

M Rg
t=
2T
3. If a particle of mass ‘m’ is projected from a surface of bigger sphere of mass ‘16M’ and radius ‘2a’

S
then find out the minimum velocity of the particle such that the particle reaches the surface of the

IC
smaller sphere of mass M and radius ‘a’. Given that the distance between the centres of two spheres
is 10 a.

YS
40GM 45GM 45GM 45GM
A) v  B) v  C) v  D) v 

PH
4a 2a 5a 4a

Key: D F
Sol: When the particle is at the surface of bigger sphere it is attracted more by the bigger sphere and less
O
by the smaller sphere. As it is projected the force of attraction from bigger sphere decreases and that
L

from smaller sphere increase and thus the particle reaches the state of equilibrium at distance x from
O

the centre smaller sphere

O

16M
H

M
x 2a
SC

a m
10a
N

GMm G (16M )m
IA


x2 10a  x 2
D

10a  x 2  16 x 2
IN

10a  x  4 x  x  2a
M m 16M
2a 8a

After this point the attraction on the particle from the smaller sphere becomes more than that from
the bigger sphere and the particle will automatically move towards the smaller sphere. Hence the
minimum velocity to reach the smaller sphere is the velocity required to reach the equilibrium state
according to energy conservation, we have,
G 16 M  m GMm 1 2 G 16 M  m GMm
   mv  
2a 8a 2 8a 2a
 45GM 45GM
v2  v
4a 4a
4. A particle P of mass 2 kg describes an elliptical orbit of semi-major axis a=5m and semi-minor axis

b=4m due to an attractive force 2
towards a focus S where r is the distance P from s and   40Nm 2
r
,Now,

P B
r
C o s A

S
A) Its velocity at C is 2 ms-1 B) Its velocity at C is 4 ms-1

IC
C) Its velocity at A is 1 ms-1 D) Its velocity at A is 4 ms-1

YS
Key: D
 du 

PH
Sol: F  2
dr r

b2 3
F
Eccentricity e  1  
a2 5
O
so, SO=3m,SA=2m, SC=8m
L


O

UA    20 J ,U c  5 J
2
O

rA m VA  rc m Vc
H

2VA  8VC
SC

1 1
mv A 2  20  mvc 2  5
2 2
N

Solving we get VA  4m / s
IA

5. An earth satellite moving in a circular orbit of radius r, experiences frictional force due to cosmic
D

dust which can be given as F   v 2 , where v = speed of the satellite and a is a positive constant.
IN

Describe the motion of the satellite till it hits the planet of mass M and radius R. Find the time of
motion of the satellite.
 m  r R m  r R m( r  R ) m( r  R )
A)   B)   C) D)
 R  g  4 R  g  4 Rg  Rg

Key: A

dE
Sol: The power loss = Fv   (rate of loss of total mechanical energy)
dt
GMm GM
Where E   and v  v0 
2r r
R dE GMm  GM
Then t    , Put dE  2
dr , F   v 2 
r Fv 2r r

S
6. A hemisphere of radius R and density  is held in space as shown in figure. If gravitational field

IC
 
intensity at P is E  ˆj then magnitude of gravitational field intensity at Q is

YS
y

PH
 0,2R,0 P
F R
O
R
L

x
O
O
O

 0, 2R, 0  Q
H
SC

  GR   ˆ  GR    GR   ˆ   GR   ˆ
A)  E 
 3 
 j  B)
3
(  ˆj ) C)  E 
 3 
 
 j D)  E 
 3 
 j
N

Key: A
IA

r r r
Sol: Intensity at Q, E  EUpper Hemisphere  ELower Hemisphere
D

G  2M  r
IN

  ˆj   E   Ejˆ
 2R 
2 x

r   GR   ˆ
Ex   E  j
 3 
M

Q
MULTIPLE CORRECT TYPE
7. A point object of mass m is connected to a cylinder of radius R via a light rope. At time t =0 the object
is moving with an initial velocity v o perpendicular to the rope, the rope has a length Lo , and the rope
has a non-zero tension. All motion occurs on a horizontal frictionless surface. The cylinder remains
stationary on the surface and does not rotate. The object moves in such a way that the rope slowly
winds up around the cylinder. The rope will break when the tension exceeds Tmax , Express your answer

in terms of Tmax , L0 , R, and v 0 . Mark the CORRECT statement(s):

S
IC
YS
PH
A) Angular momentum of the object with respect to the axis of the cylinder at the instant that the rope
m 2 v30
breaks is
Tmax
F
O
mv 02
B) The kinetic energy of the object at the instant that the rope breaks is
2
L
O

C) When tension is Tmax , the length of the rope (not yet wound) is L0  R
O

mv02
D) When tension is Tmax , the length of the rope (not yet wound) is
H

Tmax
SC

Key: ABD
Sol: Kinetic energy will remain conserve hence speed remains constant.
N

mv02 mv 2
Tmax  l 0
IA

l Tmax
D

Angular momentum
IN

mv02 mv03
 mv0 l  mv0 
Tmax Tmax

8. A particle is present at the centre of a uniform planet (soild –sphere) of mass ' M ' & Radius 'R'.

m
 3GM
A) Escape velocity of the particle is
R
2GM
B) Escape velocity of the particle is
R
2GM
C) If the particle is released from escape velocity then its speed on the surface will be
R

GM
D) If the particle is released form escape velocity then its speed on the surface will be
R

S
Key: AC

IC
3 GM 1 2
Sol:  Mv  0

YS
2 R 2
3GM
V

PH
R
GM 1 2
0  mv
F
R 2
O
V  2GM on the surface
L

9. A planet of mass m is orbiting a star in an elliptical orbit (with e  0 ). Its maximum distance from
O

star is rA and velocity at this point is VA . Its minimum distance from star is rP and velocity at this
O
H

point is VP . Then choose the correct option(s)

SC

mVA2
A) When the planet is farthest from the star, force on the planet is greater than .
rA
N

mVP2
IA

B) When the planet is nearest to the star, force on the planet is greater than .
rP
D

C) When the planet is nearest to the star, radius of curvature of its orbit is greater than rP .
IN

D) When the planet is farthest from the star, radius of curvature of its orbit is greater than rA .
Key: AC
VA
rA
rO
sun
nearest
Sol:
10. Two spheres each of mass ‘M’ and radius ‘R’ are separated by a distance ‘8R’ and imparted an initial
velocity ' v0 ' to each sphere in mutually perpendicular directions as shown. Velocity v0 is chosen such
 that the two spheres just touch each other, when their centres are at minimum separation then choose
the correct option (s) (Assume only gravitational force is acting on the two spheres)

V0

V0
M,R M,R
8R

A) The centre of mass of two sphere system is moving in a circle

B) The centre of mass of two sphere system is moving in a straight line

S
IC
3GM
C) The value of v0 is

YS
28R

5GM

PH
D) The value of v0 is
28 R

Key: BC
F
O
Sol: Since there is no external force acting on the system the centre of mass of the system is moving with

 
v0 $ $
L

a uniform velocity i  j in a straight line. Using conservation of angular momentum of system

2
O

about centre of mass of the system

O
H

v0
SC

2M 4 R  2 MvR
2
v  2v0
N

v
IA

Relative to CM
D

y v
IN

Relative to CM

x M,R
v 0 /2

v 0 /2 Relative to CM

v 0 /2

V0 CM

M,R M,R
v 0 /2 Relative to CM
8R
 Now, using conservation of energy of system in centre of mass frame of system
GM 2 1 Mv02 GM 2 1
  2   2  Mv 2
8R 2 2 2R 2
GM 2 GM 2 Mv02
   4Mv0 
2

2R 8R 2
3GM 2 7 Mv02
 
8R 2
3GM
 v0 
28R
11. A space capsule is in a circular orbit of radius rC about the earth. A short burst from a rocket in the

S
backward direction increases the kinetic energy by 20% and causes the capsule to enter an elliptical

IC
orbit with the point of firing as the perigee; i.e. rP  rC . Then choose the CORRECT statement(s) for

YS
further motion of capsule:- (Assume mass of capsule to remain nearly constant)

A) Total mechanical energy of capsule decreases

PH
B) Time period of capsule will decrease F
C) Distance of apogee from centre of earth is rA  1.5 rC
O
D) If mechanical energy before the event (short burst) is Ei and final mechanical energy after the
L
O

event is E f , then E f  0.8 Ei

O

Key: CD
H

dA L GMm
SC

Sol:  ; Total energy  

dt 2m 2r
Energy conservation,
N

1  6 GM  GMm 1 GMm
m   mVa2 
IA

2 5 R   R 2 ra
D

Angular momentum conservation,

IN

6 Gm
m  R  mVa ra .
5 R
12. Assuming Earth as a uniform sphere of mass M and radius R. At a point P inside Earth at a distance r
measured from center of Earth (r < R)

3  r 2  GM
A) Pressure (p) caused by gravitational compression is 1
20  R 2   R3

3  r 2  GM 2
B) Pressure (p) caused by gravitational compression is 1  2 
8  R   R4
 3 GM
C) Gravitational field Intensity at the center is
2 R2
D) Gravitational field Intensity at the Centre is zero.
Key: ABD
Sol: Inward gravitational pull on the layer
 GM 
df   3 .r  (4 r 2 p.dr ), P  3M 3
 R  4 r

df R 3  r 2  GM 2
dp  , P   dp  1  2 
4 r 2 r 8  R   R4

13. A thin metallic plate of uniform mass density is kept along x  axis symmetrically. The length of

S
plate along x  axis is very large as compared to its width ‘a’ along z  axis. It is given that ‘  ’ is

IC
mass per unit area. Then choose the correct option(s)

YS
PH
F
O
L
O
O

 3a  2G
H

A) The gravitational field at  0, 2 , 0  is 3 .

 
SC

 a 
B) The gravitational field at  0, 2 , 0  is G .
N
IA

 a   3a 
C) The ratio of gravitational field at  0, ,0  
and  0, , 0  is 2.
 2 3  2
D

 
IN

 a   a  4
D) The ratio of gravitational field at  0, 2 3 ,0  and  0, 2 , 0  is 3 .
 

Key: ABCD

Sol: Gravitational field due to a long wire,

2Gλ 2Gσdz
dE  
r r
 a
+
2
2Gσdz d  dz 
E P   dE.cosθ =   2Gσd  2 2 
r r - 
a d +z 
2

 a 
E P  4Gσ tan 1  
 2d 
p0 r
14. Mass density of a planet varies as p  r   ; where R is radius of planet and r is distance form center
R
of planet:

A) A particle of mass m is to be projected form surface so as to escape the planet, its velocity of

projection relative to surface is 2 Gp0 R2

S
IC
B) A particle of mass m is to be projected from surface so as to escape the planet, its velocity of

YS
projection relative to surface is 2 2 Gp0 R 2

C) Gravitational intensity on surface of planet is  Gp0 R

PH
4
D) Time period of a satellite in circular orbit very close to planet is
F
Gp0
O
Key: ACD
L

R o r
O

Sol: M  4 2 dr
0 R
O
H
SC
N
IA
D

40 R 4
M   0 R3
IN

R 4

2GM GM 2 R3/ 2
Escape speed =  2G 0 R 2 E  2  G o R, T 
R R GM
15. Assume that the earth changes its shape and turns into an infinite cylinder whose radius and distance
of moon from the axis of cylindrical earth remains unchanged and also moon remains spherical. Which
of the following statement(s) is/are CORRECT?

A) Gravitational field at the moon due to earth increases

B) Gravitational field at the moon due to earth decreases

C) Speed of the moon in its orbit around the cylindrical earth increases
 D) Speed of the moon in its orbit around the cylindrical earth decreases
Key: AC
GM 4  GR3
Sol: If earth is sphere then, E  
r2 3 r2
2G 2G  R 2
If earth is cylindrical then, E  
r r
If E increases then ‘v’ increases.
16. A semicircular ring of mass m and radius R whose centre is at O.O’ is the point on the extended
periphery as shown in the figure.

S
IC
R

YS
O
R

PH
O1 F
A) The work done by gravitational field in moving a particle of mass m0 from O to O’ is
O
 2 
Gmm0
   ln  
2  1  1
L

R  
O

B)The work done by gravitational field in moving a particle of mass m0 from O to O’ is

O

 1 
Gmm0
 
H

   ln 2  1  1
R  
SC

C)Gravitational field intensity at point O’ due to semi-circular wire is

Gm
 R2
ln  2 1 
N

D)Gravitational field intensity at point O’ due to semi-circular wire is

2Gm
ln  2 1 
IA

 R2
D

Key: AC
IN

GM
Sol: V0  
R
θ
G   Rd 
VO    …..(i)
r O
θ/2
  
 /2
 Rd  
 
2
   G    2   G  sec d  2G ln 2 1
 2 O1
 0 2 R cos  0
 2
 2 
W   m0 VO  V0  
GMm0
R    ln

 
2  1  1

PARAGRAPH TYPE
Paragraph for Question Nos. 17 to 18:
The earth does not have a uniform density, it is most dense at its centre and least dense at its surface. An
approximation of its density is  ( r )  ( A  Br ) , where A  12, 700 kg / m 3 , B  1.50  10 3 kg / m 4 and r is the

distance from the centre of earth. Use R  6.4  106 m for the radius of earth approximated as a sphere. Imagine
dividing the earth into concentric, elementary spherical shells. Each shell has radius r, thickness dr, volume
dV and mass dm   ( r ) dV . By integrating dm from zero to R the mass of earth can be found. Knowing the
fact that a uniform spherical shell gives no contribution to acceleration due to gravity inside it, we can also
find g as a function of r.

S
17. Mass of the earth is:

IC
4 4  3  4  3 
A)  R 3 ( A  BR ) B) 4 R 3 ( A  BR ) C)  R 3  A  BR  D)  R 3  A  BR 

YS
3 3  4  3  2 

Key: C

PH
R
4  3 
Sol: M   ( A  Br )4 r 2 dr   R 3  A  BR 
0
3  4 
F
18. Acceleration due to gravity as a function of r is given by:
O

4 4  3  4  3 
L

A)  Gr ( A  Br ) theB) 4 Gr ( A  Br ) C)  Gr  A  Br  D)  Gr  A  Br 
3 3  4  3  2 
O
O

Key: C
H

4  3 
G.  r 3  A  Br 
SC

GM ( r ) 3  4  4 Gr  3 
Sol: g 2
   A  Br 
r r 3  4 
N

INTEGER TYPE
IA

Force applied by one half of a Hollow sphere on the another half is KG  2 R 2 . ( is surface density
2
19.
D

of mass & ' R ' is the radius of sphere). Find the value of ' K '.
IN

Key: 2

Sol:
F   G.P   projection area

GM  G  4 R 
2 2

G.P  
2R2 2R2
 G. p   2 G 2   R 2

F   2 G 2   R 2

 2Gr 2 2 R 2
20. Gravitational pressure at the centre of a planet of uniform mass density '  ' and radius ' R ' is given by
4G  2 R 2
y is_____
y
Key: 6

S
IC
YS
Sol:

PH
 GMx 
dN   3    A dx
 R 
F
R
O
dN GMx
  3  dx
dA 0 R
L
O

Gm   R 2 
  
O

R3R  2 
H

G 4
     R3
SC

2R 3
2
 G  2 R 2
N

3
IA

y6
D

21. A planet of core density 3 and outer crust of density  has small tunnel in core. A small particle of
IN


mass m released from end A then time required to reach end B is K where K is
G

ρ
3ρ
A B

Key: 0.50
Sol: Let M be the mass of core and R be its radius at any internal point of tunnel the gravitational field is
given by
GM Gr  4 
E r  3
r  3  3  R 3   4 Gr
R R  3 
m 2 r  mE &  2  4 G
Time taken by particle to reach from A to B is
1 1 2  
 T   .
2 2   4 G
22. Two narrow tunnels are dug through the earth as shown in figure. O is the centre of earth. A particle
B is released from rest from position shown and travels through the tunnel. At the same time another

S
particle P from A is released from rest. As the particle P reaches the intersection of tunnels C for the

IC
7 7
R . Where the value of k is..

YS
first time distance travelled by B is
k

PH
B
C
F
O
3R/4
O
L
O
O

A P
H

Key: 16
SC

T R3 FM
Sol: Time for B to move from B to centre of tunnel is  T  2 
4 GM R3
N

Time to move from A to given point is

IA
D

1  1  R  1  3R   T
sin    sin   
IN

  A  4 A  4

R  3R  
sin 1    sin 1  
 A  4A  2
From above
 9R2 
1 
R 1  3R  1
sin    cos  
  sin  1  
 A  4A  16 A2 
 

R 9R2
 1
A 16
R2 9 R 2 25 R 2
 1 1
A2 16 A2 16 A2
5
A R
4
Hence

2 2  25R 2  16 R 2
V  A R 
4

3 3 GM
 R 
4 4 R

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