RRT Summary

General RTT (for moving and deforming CV):

𝑑𝐵𝑠𝑦𝑠 𝑑
= (∫ 𝑏𝜌𝑑𝑉 ) + ∫ 𝑏𝜌𝑉̅𝑟 . 𝑛̂𝑑𝐴
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝐶𝑉 𝐶𝑆
Special Cases:
1) Non-deforming (but moving) CV
𝑑𝐵𝑠𝑦𝑠 𝜕
=∫ (𝑏𝜌)𝑑𝑉 + ∫ 𝑏𝜌𝑉̅𝑟 . 𝑛̂𝑑𝐴
𝑑𝑡 𝐶𝑉 𝜕𝑡 𝐶𝑆
2) Fixed CV
𝑑𝐵𝑠𝑦𝑠 𝜕
=∫ (𝑏𝜌)𝑑𝑉 + ∫ 𝑏𝜌𝑉̅ . 𝑛̂𝑑𝐴
𝑑𝑡 𝐶𝑉 𝜕𝑡 𝐶𝑆
3) Steady flow:
𝜕
=0
𝜕𝑡
4) Flux terms for uniform flow across discrete CS’s (steady or unsteady)

∫ 𝑏𝜌𝑉̅ . 𝑛̂𝑑𝐴 = ∑(𝑏𝑚̇)𝑜𝑢𝑡 − ∑(𝑏𝑚̇)𝑖𝑛

𝐶𝑆
1
For fixed CV’s:

Parameter (B) b = B/m RTT Remark

𝑑
Mass (𝑚) 1 0= ∫ 𝜌𝑑𝑉 + ∫ 𝜌𝑉̅ . 𝑛̂𝑑𝐴 Continuity Eq.
𝑑𝑡 𝐶𝑉 𝐶𝑆

Momentum 𝑑 Linear
𝑉̅ ∑ 𝐹̅ = ∫ 𝑉̅ 𝜌𝑑𝑉 + ∫ 𝑉̅ 𝜌𝑉̅ . 𝑛̂𝑑𝐴
(𝑚𝑉̅) 𝑑𝑡 𝐶𝑉 𝐶𝑆
Momentum Eq.

𝑑
Energy (E) e 𝑄̇ − 𝑊̇ = ∫ 𝑒𝜌𝑑𝑉 + ∫ 𝑒𝜌𝑉̅ . 𝑛̂𝑑𝐴 Energy Eq.
𝑑𝑡 𝐶𝑉 𝐶𝑆

Examples related to RTT

Example #1:

𝐷𝐵𝑠𝑦𝑠 𝑑
= (∫ 𝑏𝜌𝑑𝑉 ) + ∫ 𝑏𝜌𝑉̅ . 𝑛̂𝑑𝐴
𝐷𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝐶𝑉 𝐶𝑆
For mass conservation:
 𝐷𝐵𝑠𝑦𝑠 ⁄𝐷𝑡 = 0
 b=1
 𝜌1 = 𝜌2 = 𝜌
And for steady-state flow, 𝑑 ⁄𝑑𝑡 = 0
Therefore, 0= 0 + ∫𝐶𝑆 𝜌𝑉̅ . 𝑛̂𝑑𝐴 → (𝜌𝑉𝐴)𝑜𝑢𝑡 − (𝜌𝑉𝐴)𝑖𝑛
Or, 𝜌𝑉1 𝐴1 = 𝜌𝑉2 𝐴2
𝐴1 𝐷1 2 10 2
∴ 𝑉2 = 𝑉 = ( ) 𝑉1 = ( ) 10 = 4.4 𝑐𝑚/𝑠
𝐴2 1 𝐷2 15
2
Example #2:

𝐷𝐵𝑠𝑦𝑠 𝑑
= (∫ 𝑏𝜌𝑑𝑉 ) + ∫ 𝑏𝜌𝑉̅ . 𝑛̂𝑑𝐴
𝐷𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝐶𝑉 𝐶𝑆
For mass conservation:
 𝐷𝐵𝑠𝑦𝑠 ⁄𝐷𝑡 = 0
 b=1
And for steady-state flow, 𝑑 ⁄𝑑𝑡 = 0
Therefore, 0= 0 + ∫𝐶𝑆 𝜌𝑉̅ . 𝑛̂𝑑𝐴 → (𝜌𝑉𝐴)𝑜𝑢𝑡 − (𝜌𝑉𝐴)𝑖𝑛
Or, 𝜌𝑉2 𝐴2 = 𝜌𝑉1 𝐴1 + 𝜌𝑉3 𝐴3
𝑉1 𝐴1 + 𝑄3 (3)(𝜋) (0.05)2 ⁄4 + (0.01)
∴ 𝑉2 = = = 4.13 𝑚/𝑠
𝐴2 (𝜋) (0.07)2 ⁄4

Example #3:
Estimate the time required to fill with
water a cone-shaped container 5 ft hight
and 5 ft across at the top, if the filling rate
is 20 gal/min.

3
Applying the conservation of mass (b = 1)

𝑑
0= ∫ 𝜌𝑑𝑉 + ∫ 𝜌𝑉̅. 𝑛̂𝑑𝐴
𝑑𝑡 𝐶𝑉 𝐶𝑆

For incompressible fluid (i.e., 𝜌 =constant) and one inlet,

𝑑 𝑑∀
0= ∫ 𝑑𝑉 + (𝑉𝐴)𝑜𝑢𝑡 − (𝑉𝐴)𝑖𝑛 ⇒ 0 = − 𝑄𝑖𝑛
𝑑𝑡 𝐶𝑉 𝑑𝑥
The volume of the cone at time t is,
𝜋𝐷2
𝑉(𝑡) = ℎ(𝑡)
12
The Flow rate at the inlet is,
𝑔𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑛3 𝑖𝑛3
𝑄 = (20 ) (231 )⁄(1728 3 ) = 2.674 𝑓𝑡 3 /𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑔𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑡
The continuity Eq. becomes,
𝜋𝐷2 𝑑ℎ 𝑑ℎ 12 𝑄
∙ =𝑄 𝑜𝑟 =
12 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝜋𝐷2
Solving for ℎ(𝑡),
𝑡
12 𝑄 12 𝑄. 𝑡
ℎ(𝑡) = ∫ 𝑑𝑡 =
0 𝜋𝐷2 𝜋𝐷2
thus, the time for h = 5 ft is,
𝜋𝐷2 ℎ 𝜋(5)2 (5)
𝑡= = = 12.2 𝑚𝑖𝑛
12 𝑄 (12)(2.674)