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Product innovation @ @æŽïéàóèŠói@ðäbåŽïèa† @@wnåà@ŠbÙnia
Navigation @@ôäaìbîŠò†@LõŠó bîŠò† @@Šb¢g
Innovation @@çbåŽïèa†@OõŠbÙäaíu @@Ëa‡ia
Creation @@ç‡äa‹Ðó÷ @@Ëa‡ig
Acquittal @@ç‹Ø†aŒb÷@Oõ†aŒb÷@熊ó @@öa‹ig
Relieve of a debt @óÜ@Ša†ŠóÔ@ô䆋؆aŒb÷ æî‡Üa@æà@æa@öa‹ig
@@μ“‚ói@ŠaŒŠóÔ@L†ŠóÔ
Defeasance @Lòìó䆋ÙÜóšìíq @@ßbia
òìó䆋ÙÜbmói
Annulment (of a @Lòìó䆋Ø@Žßbmói @@ßbig
contract)
@Lòìó䆋ÙÜóšìíq
@@ç‹Ù›îíq
Information @@ç‡äbîó aŠ@fq@Oç‡äbîó aŠ @@Ïþia
Compatirot, @@çbán“ïäìbè@Oçbió‚b÷ @@æ aíà@L‡ÝjÜa@æia
countryman.
Retinue, cortege, @@‡äòíŽïqínò† @@Ëbjma
companions
Union @@ŽïØóî @@†b¥g
Producers union @ @çaŠóåŽïéàóèŠói@ŽïØóî μvnå¾a@†b¥a
Customs union ð ‹àí @ŽïØóî @@ðØ‹áØ@†b¥a
Agreement, covenant @@æmbéÙŽïq@LæmìóÙÙŽîŠ @@×bÑmg
٨
Collective agreement @ón“ @Lôn“ @ôåmìóÙÙŽîŠ @@ðÈb»@×bÑma
@@æmìóÙÙŽîŠ
Criminal conspiracy @çaìbm@ŠóóÜ@æmìóÙÙŽîŠ @@ð÷båu@×bÑma
@@æmìóÙÙŽîŠ @óäaìbm@L熋Ø
International @@ômóÜìò†íŽïä@ôåmìóÙÙŽîŠ @@ðÜì†@×bÑma
agreement
Work agreement ŠbØ@mìóÙÙŽîŠ ÞáÈ@×bÑma
Joint agreement •óiìbè@mìóÙÙŽîŠ Û“à@×bÑma
Amicable agreement @@óäbnû†@ôåmìóÙÙŽîŠ @@ñ†ì@×bÑma
Multilateral çóîýóàóè@mìóÙÙŽîŠ @ò†‡Énà@pbÔbÑma
agreements
Óa‹ ýa
Agreement óàbååmìóÙÙŽîŠ @×bÑmgL@óïÔbÑma
Clearing agreement @ñóàbååmìóÙÙŽîŠ @ó–bÕ¾a@óïÔbÑma
ôîŠbØþØóî
Barter agreement fØŠün’@ñóàbååmìóÙÙŽîŠ @ó›îbÕ¾a@óïÔbÑma
Trade commercial @ @ðäb ŠŒbi@ñóàbååmìóÙÙŽîŠ @@óîŠb¤@óïÔbÑma
agreement
Extradition treaty @õóàbåmìóÙÙŽîŠ @@âïÝm@óïÔbÑma
@@çaŠbjäaìbm@ô䆋Ùnò†aŠ
Bilateral agreement @ @óäóîýìì†@mìóÙÙŽîŠ @@@óï÷båq@óïÔbÑma
Impairment @@熋iìbäóÜ @@Óþmg
Charge, accusation @@熋Ø@Šbjmóàüm @@ãbéma

٩
To substantiate a @@òìóäbåŽïèóÜói @@óåïjÜbi@çbïmg
charge
Funishings, furniture @Lßóq@ì@ßóØ@Lo‚òŠ @@tbqc
@@ߎ bàìbä
Relic, remnant. @@ŠaìóåŽîí’ Šbqe
Archeology @Lôbä@ŠaìóåŽîí’ @@HâÝÈI@Šbqe
@@ôäaŒŠaìóåŽîí’
Antique @@ŠbïäüØ@OóåïäüØ @@óº‡ÕÜa@Šbqła
Proof, evidence, @@óÜ ói@LóÜbq pbjqg
supporting data.
Establis one's rights @@‡äb¾ó@ôäbØóÐbà @@×íÕy@ojqc
To establish one's @L‡äb¾ó@õü‚@ôäaìbnŽïi @@êmöa‹i@ojqc
innocence
@@çbÄì슆@õü‚@ôäaìbnŽïi
To establish the @@ç‡äb¾ó@aìa†@ôïn슆 @@öbȆýa@óz–@pbjqc
validity of a claim
Effect, inflvence @@õŠóîŠbØ @@HqdmI@‹qc
Wherabouts, trace @@æŽîí’íŽîŠ @@‹qc
Cost effect çì훎ïm@ðîŠóîŠbØ @@@óÑÝÙÜa@‹qa
Retroactive effect, ex @”ŽïqìòìóÜ@üi@ôîŠóîŠbØ @@ðÉuŠ@‹qc
post facto
@@õŠóîŠbØó“Žïq@Lóîóè
Aftermath, aftereffect, @@óåï’bq @@ßížjÕžÈ@O‹qc
consequence.
Wealth seeking @@çìíi‡äóàóÜìò† @@öa‹qg
Permission, leave @@æŽïi@Lçbšì @@@òŒbug

١٠
Authorization, permit, @@ã†ì@Lça‡ŽïrŽîŠ@LpóÜüà @@Hó—‚ŠI@òŒbug
licence
Safe conduct @Lüšímbè@ômóÜüà @@ßí¤@òŒbug
@@óàbäüšímbè
Leave of absence @@ç‡åŽîí‚@ðäbšì @@óïaŠ†@òŒbua
Sickleave @ô’ü‚óä@OðÌbóä@ðäbšì @@óïš‹à@òŒbua
Import license 熊ìbè@ðmóÜüà †ana@Hó—‚ŠIòŒbua
Leave (of absence etc) @@póÜüà @@ëŒbua
Compulsion, @L熋؊bšbä@L熋َïÜŠûŒ @@Hëa‹ØgIŠbjug
constraint
@@âîŒìóm
Rumination @@熋Ø@‰ŽîìbØ @@Šaua
Meeting @@òìóäìíiüØ @@Ëbánua
Mass meeting @@õŠòìbàóu@õòìóäìíiüØ @@ñèb»@Ëbánua
Emergency meeting @@óÜóq@ói@õòìóäìíiüØ @@ÞubÈ@Ëbánug
Periodical meeting ìbä@ói@ìbä@õòìóäìíiüØ @@óîŠì†@pbÈbánua
Interpretation @@çìíšüi @@†bénug
Remuneration/ pay @LóäbnÐóè@Lôäìíiìì‡äbà @@‹ua
@@e‹Ø
Fee, wage @@à@LŽõ‹Ø @@Hò‹uaI@‹uc
Nominal wage @@e‹Ø@òìbä ða@‹ua

١١
Real wage @LóåïÔónaŠ@ðŽî‹Ø ðÕïÕy@‹ua
@@e‹ØónaŠ
Wage in kind @ @e‹Øón’ LóåïÜbà@ðŽî‹Ø ïÈ@‹ua
Procedure, course of @@âòŠ@ì@eŠ@LôîŠbÙïîaŠ @@Hpaöa‹uaI@öa‹ua
action.
Precautionary @@ô ò†óî@ôîŠbÙïîaŠ ð bïnya@öa‹ug
measure
Formality @ôîŠbÙïîaŠ@LônïÜbàŠüÐ @@ðÝÙ’@öa‹ug
@@•óØììŠ
Legal measure @OôäìíäbÔ@ôîŠbÙïîaŠ @@ðäíäbÔ@öa‹ug
@@ôîbbî
Protective Measures @LõŽîŠbqü‚@ôîŠbÙïîaŠ óïÅÑ¥@paöa‹ug
@@ñŠbÙïîaŠ@òŽîŠbq
Daily pay/ wage @@óäaˆûŠ @@óïàíî@ò‹uc
Incentive wage @Le‹Ø@óäbè@@LŠò‡äbè@ðŽî‹Ø ðÉïv“m‹ua
óäbäbè
(appointed) Time/ @@òìbà@Lçaìˆ@La†ìóà @@Þuc
date
Deadline @La†ìóàaì†@Lòìbà@aì† @@‚ÿa@Þuÿa
@@çaìˆaì†
Unanimity @@ôÙäò†üØ@OõŒaí‚üØ @@Ëb»g
Unanimous, in one @@Âäò†üØ@OŒaí‚üØ ðÈb»g
vioce
Gross ãóuŠó@LbqaŠó ðÜb»a
Foreigner @@ðäbïi @@åuc

١٢
Abortion @@熋iŠbióÜ @@béug
Seasonal wages @Le‹Ø@òŒŠòì@LõŒŠòì@ôŽî‹Ø @óïíà@Šíua
óäaŒŠòì
Worker ŠbÙŽî‹Ø ÞàbÈ
Protest @@oŽïmû‹q@LôîaŒòŠbä @@xbvnyg
Respect, esteem @@æm‹ ŽîŠ @@ãayg
Respect for the law bbî@OçìíäbÔ@óÜ@æm‹ ŽîŠ @@çíäbÕÜa@ãayg
Monopoly, (act of) @@õŠbÙäaìbq@OðÜüqüäüà ŠbÙnya
holding/ managing
exclusively).
Monopoly 熋قŠüÔ@LñŠbÙ‚ŠüÔ ŠbÙnya
Joint monopoly •óiìbè@ðîŠbÙ‚ŠüÔ @@Û“à@ŠbÙnya
Regulated monopoly ìa‹ƒÙŽîŠ @ðîŠbÙ‚ŠüÔ âÅåà@ŠbÙnya
Probability, @@óäbáŽï’ ßbánya
likelihood, chance.
Contain, check, hold @@ça†Šìíå@Lça†óÝ ‚b÷ öaínya
back
Spare; reserve @@ÚÜüØ@LÃò†óî @@Ãbïnya
Precautions @@õŠbÙºbÔ @@pb bïnya
Reserve pìóØó’bq@LÃò†óî ð bïnya
Hidden reserve òìaŠb’@ð ò†óî ñč‹@ð bïnya
Legal reserve ðîbbî@ð ò†óî ðäíäbÔ@ð bïnya

١٣
Labour force reserve ŠbØ@ñŽïè@ð ò†óî @óÝàbÈ@õíÔ@ð bïnya
Capital reserve ñŠa†óîbàŠó@ð ò†óî @óïÜbcŠ@pbï bïnya
Fraud @@õŒbjØóÜóØ@LõŒbjÝïŽ Ð @@ßbïnyg
Fuel @@ðäóàómí @@óïÔa‹yg
Charity, Beneficence @@õŒaí‚‹Žï‚@LóØbš @@çbyg
Statistics @Lôbä@Šbàˆó÷@OŠbàˆó÷ @@öb—yg
@@ôäaŒ@Šbàb÷
Statistics, data Šbàb÷ Hpbï÷b—yaI@öb—ya
Census @@‹ŽïàˆŠó @@@öb—yg
Applied statistics ŠóÙŽïqŠbØ@ñŠbàb÷ ðÕïjm@öb—ya
Population census çaín“ïäa†@ðî‹ŽïàˆŠó ðäbÙ@öb—ya
Annual census óäłb@ðî‹ŽïàˆŠó ñíå@öb—ya
Current statistics pbØìbè@Oãaìò†Šói@ñŠbàb÷ @óîŠbu@paöb—ya
Prepare @@熋Øò†bàb÷ @@Šb›ya
Bring; call @@熋ٛŽïqaŠ@LçbåŽïè @@Šb›ya
To summon @L熊ìbè@L熋Øò†bàb÷ @@Šb›yg
@@çbåŽïè
Final warning/ call @aì†@Oç‡äbîó aŠ@aì† @@ð÷béåÜa@Šb›yýa
@aì†@LôîŠa†b b÷
@@òìó䆋ØbîŠì
١٤
Occasionally, now @OŠbiìŠbuOãò†ìbàò† b äbïya
and then.
@@ìbäóiìbä
Written examination @@μìíä@ói@òìó䆋ÙïÔbm @@óï‚@paŠbjn‚a
Invention @@çbåŽïèa† @@Ëa‚a
Shorthand, @LôÐa‹ üåïn@LôìíåmŠíØ @@ßan‚g
stenography
@@ôìíäììŒ
Expert, specialist @@Š ürq @@ð–b—n‚a
Embezzlement, @@æ @@óÔ‹@L‘þn‚g
misappropriation
Difference (of @@HçìíšüiI@ôîŒaìbïu @@Hñc‹Üa@ÀI@Óþn‚a
opinion)
Fabrication, forging @@´ójÜóè @@×þn‚g
Maladjustment, @@ôäóý@Lçìí›ÙŽïm @@ßþn‚g
imbalance
Insanity @@çìí›ÙŽïm@ŽÞÔó÷ @@HðÝÕÈI@ßþn‚a
Capital imbalances @ðïäóý@Oçìí›ÙŽïm @óïÜbcŠ@pýþn‚a
óîbàŠó
Bottlenecks @óÝàI@çbbm@Oóäóm @ÖåÈI@pbÔbån‚a
Hó’ìí’ H@óubuÜa
Choice @ðÙ“q@Šó Šbïn‚a
Single out, choose @@熊a‰jÜóè@L´‚@Ûbm Šbïn‚g
from among others.
Take the initiative @@熋Ø@õŠóƒ“Žïrnò† òŠ†bj¾a@‰‚a

(act of) considering/ @ìbšŠóióÜ@LH熋ØI@ìbšòŠ ŠbjnÈýa@‹Ååi@‰‚c

giving careful thought @@æm‹
(to an issue, point,
etc).

١٥
Direction @@çbåŽïèŠò† @@@HÞïr¸I@xa‹‚a
(customs) release @@ô ‹àí @ôån“ŽîìbèŠò† @@Hð ‹á I@xa‹‚g
Notifi cation @@ç‡äbîó aŠ@Žôq@Lç‡äbîó aŠ @@Šb‚g
Warning, notification @@òìó䆋؊a†b b÷ @@Šb‚g
Formal notice @@ôàŠóÐ@õòìó䆋؊a†b b÷ @@ðŠ@Šb‚g
Final notice @@òìó䆋؊a†b b÷@aì† @@ð÷béä@Šb‚g
Octopus (zool) @@ßórn’óè@OóÝu Ãíj‚c
Failure, setback; @@üÙä Ö÷bÈ@Oóºè@L×bÑ‚g
reversal.
Evacuation @L熋ÙÜbmói@L熋ÙÜüš @@öþ‚g
@@熋Øýaì
Bail, release on bail @@õŠóiónò†ói@熋ØýòŠói @@óÜbÑÙi@Þïj@öþ‚g
Loyalty, sincerity @@ñŒü܆ @@@™þ‚a
Character, @@o’ìòŠ @@×þ‚a
temperament
Ethics, morality @@ôbä@ŠbØb÷ HâÝÈI@×þ‚c
Moral conduct ñŠbÙn’ìòŠ@LôØòŠbØb÷ @óïÔþ‚a
Performance @@”îb¹@Lò†‹Ø óî†dm@Löa†a
Accomplishment, @@ç‡äaíä@Lça‡àb−ó÷ @@öa†c
fulfilment
Tool, Instrument @@ŠbØüè@LŒa‹àb÷ @@@òa†c

١٦
Appliance, gadget. @@‹Žïàb÷ òa†c
Linkage, connection, @@Ûû‡äói@LÛünói Þ–ì@òa†g
bond.
Management, @@õ‹ïŽ ŠbØ@Lça‹ïŽ ŠbØ òŠa†a
managing authority/
administration
Administration, @@ômóîaŠóiòíŽîŠ ói òŠa†g
authority/ agency.
Business ñ‹Žï ŠbØ ßbáÈa@òŠa†a
administration
Post Office @@óäb‚ónüq @@@‡îÜa@òŠa†g
Local administration @Lôîü‚ìbä@ômóîaŠóiòíŽîŠ ói @@óïÝa@òŠa†ýa
@@õŠóiòíŽîŠ ói@ü‚
Production @ðäa‹ïŽ ŠbØ@Lça‹ïŽ @ãóèŠói xbnäa@òŠa†a
management
ãóèŠói
Public administration @ôî‹ïŽ ŠbØ@Lñ‹ïŽ ŠbØ@ón“ @@óàbÈ@òŠa†g
@@ôn“
Decentralized @Lõ‡äòìbäbä@ôî‹Žï ŠbØ @@óîØ‹àý@òŠa†g
administration
@@熋iòíŽîŠ ói@ü‚ìónaŠbä
Sales management ôäón’û‹Ð@ðî‹ïŽ ŠbØ pbÉïjà@òŠa†a
Local administration @@ôÜbàü‚@ôî‹ïŽ ŠbØ @@óïÝ«@òŠa†g
Department, bureau @@ônŽîŠóiòíŽîŠ ói@LóäbàŠóÐ @ózÝ—à@OòŠa†g
@@HóàíÙ¨aI
Executive (as branch @@õ‹Žï ŠbØ@OõŠóiòíŽîŠ ói ñŠa†g
of gov. t/ authority).
Literature @@òŠüm@Lò‰Žîì @@l†c

١٧
Savings @L熋Ø@pìóØó’bq Šb‚†a
pìóØó’bq
Saving(s) @@熋Ø@pìóØó’bq @@Šb‚†g
Reserve saving Ûò†óî@ðmìóØó’bq ð bïnya@Šb‚†a
Voluntaryy saving @LpìóØó’bq@ónaí‚ ñŠbïn‚a@Šb‚†a
ðØòŒaí‚@ðmìóØó’bq
Personal saving @LpìóØó’bq@óóØ ð—ƒ’@Šb‚†a
ðóØ@ðmìóØó’bq
Net saving @LpìóØó’bq@ón‚íq @@Àb–@Šb‚†a
o‚íq@ðmìóØó’bq
Individual saving @LôØbm@ðmìóØó’bq ñ†‹Ð@Šb‚†a
pìóØó’bqóØbm
Creative saving @OŠóØa‡îóq@ðmìóØó’bq ù“åà@Šb‚†a
ŠóÙn슆
Enrollment, Input @@çbåŽïm@L熋ÙÝ‚a† @@ßb‚†g
Insertion, putting in @@´‚@Žôm@L熋Ø@Žôm @@ßb‚†g
Temporary admission @@ômbØ@ôØ‹àí @ô䆋ØüØóà @@oÔíà@ðØ‹»@ßb‚†a

Store entering, stock 熋Øa†@L熋؊bjàó÷ ðä¬@ßb‚†a

Insert, incorporate @@çbäû‹ïŽ m@LçbåŽïm @@xaŠ†a
Sight, perception @ÛŠò†@L熋َïrnóè @ÛaŠ†g
@@熋َïq

١٨
Claim, request @@óàbäaìa† @@HkÝ I@öbȆg
Justified claim @@aìa†@ón슆@LoaŠ@õaìa† @@|ïz–@öbȆg
False claim @õaìa†@Laìa†@ón슆bä @@lˆbØ@öbȆa
@@o슆bä@OoaŠbä
Spare parts @@Ãò†óî@ñŒa‹àb÷ @@óï bïnya@ paì†a
Tools @@ŠbØ@õŒa‹àb÷@OónòŠóØ @@HÞáÉÝÜI@paì†c
Tools of fiscal policy @ðmóbï@ðäbØòŒa‹àb÷ óïÜbà@óbï@paì†a
ðîaŠa†
Tools of monetary ìaŠ†@ðmóbï@ðäbØòŒa‹àb÷ @@óî‡Õä@óbï@paì†a
policy
Man of letters, writer @@çaìò‰Žîì @@kî†c
Let alone, not to @@ób‚óä@OłòŒaí‚óä HNNN‹ØˆI@æÈbäŒìb¤@aˆa
mention.
Broadcasting @L”‚óq@Lμ“‚óq @@óÈaˆg
@@ç‡äb’òì
Submission @@熋؊bšbä@L熋ٚóÙÝà @@çbȈg
Import licence 熊ìbè@ðmóÜüà †anýa@çìˆa
Harm, damage, injury. @@çòŒòì@LŠaŒb÷@Leí @@c@Oõˆc
Will, determination, @@oaí‚@Loîì ò†aŠg
decision.
Good will @LôØbš@oaí‚@Ooîì @@óåy@ò†aŠg
@@õŒaíƒØbš
Ill-will @Lônîì@Oôna킆ói @@óøï@ò†aŠg

١٩
 @@õŒa킆ói
Voluntary, of one’s @@ôäónîì@Lônaí‚ ñ†aŠa
will/ choice
Crown land @@õà@ôîìòŒ @@óÜì‡Üa@ðšaŠc
Capital gain (or loss) @HðäbîŒ@bîI@@wäaŒbÔ @H@òŠb‚@ìa@I@biŠa
óîbàŠó ßb¾a@‘aŠ
Capital gains (or loss) @ômìóÙò†@bî@wäaŒbÔ @kbÙàìa@biŠa
ôØóîbàŠó @óïÜbcŠ
Retained earnings @Lòìa‹ïŽ @ômìóÙnò† @@òvn«@biŠa
òìa“Žïè@ô−aŒbÔ
Connection, Contact @Lçìíjnòíîóq @@ÃbjmŠg
@@çìíi‡äòíîóq
Business connection @@ôäb ŠŒbi@ôî‡äòíîóq @@ñŠb¤@ÃbjmŠa
To bind oneself under @òìóånóiü‚@Oçìíi‡äóibq @@‡ÕÉi@ÂjmŠa
contract/ agreement
@@æmìóÙÙŽîŠ @ói
To bind oneself under @òìóånóiü‚@Oçìíi‡äóibq @@μáïi@ÂjmŠc
oath
@@‡åŽîí@ói
Extemporary, @@ôïŽïqŠó @@ðÜb¤Ša
impromptu
Withdrawal @LòìóäaŠóÜóè @@†a‡mŠg
@@òìóäìíiŒó’bq
Height @@łbi@LôîaŒŠói@Lçˆói @@@ËbÑmŠa
Altitude @@@õŒŠói @@ËbÑmŠa

٢٠
Mortgage @@熋Ø@æèòŠ@L熋ØónàŠbi @@çbémŠg
Inheritance @@òìbàüi@Lpaà @@tŠa
Preponderance @@õ‹mìbi@Lõ“Žïq @@óïzuŠc
Guidance @ónaŠb÷@LõŠóiaŠ@LõŠójŽîŠ @@†b’Ša
@@熋Ø
Ground (s), basis (for @@óåïàòŒ@OóåîìòŒ óc
belief, action, etc.)
Widower @@ìbïqòíŽïi @@ÞàŠc
Widow @@çˆòíŽïi @@óÝàŠa
Terror, intense fear @@Šûm lbèŠa
Freighten, terrorize @@ç‡äbÔüm@Oç‡äb‹m @@kïè‹m@LlbèŠa
Prosperity @@òìóäaˆìíi@L熋Øó’ó @@Šb膌g
Economic prosperity @@õŠìíib÷@õòìóäaˆìíi @@ñ†b—nÔa@Šb膌g
Economic dualism õŠìíib÷@ôïÔbÐìì† @óî†b—nÔa@óïua소a
Touch-and-go @@ò‰äóm@Lça‹îóÔ óàŒc
situation, difficult/
uncertain time.
Crisis @@ça‹îóÔ@LóàóÜóš @@@óàŒc
Abuse, violation. @LçbåŽïèŠbØói@†ói ßbáÉna@òöba
@@õŠbÙÝŽï“Žïq
Misuse, improper use @@çbåŽïèŠbØói@†ói@Ota‹‚ @@ßbáÉna@òöbc

٢١
Breach of trust @ôäbåŽïèŠbØói@ta‹‚@O†ói @ßbáÉna@òöbg
@@óäbánà @@Hçbán÷ýaIóÕrÜa
Misuse of authority @ôäbåŽïèŠbØói@ta‹‚@O†ói @@óÝÜa@ßbáÉna@òöbg
@@płóò†
To ill-treat @@熋؊bnÐòŠ@†ói @@óÝàbɾa@òöbg
Base @@óåï›åi@LóÌbåi @@‘ba
Groundwork, @@óåï›åi@Ló’aíåi @@‘ba
preparation
Foundation @@óåï›åi@Lbàóåi @@‘bc
Basic @@ôîóåï›åi@LðïmòŠóåi @@ðba
Essentials, basic çbØbàóåi @@pbïba
elements
Underlying causes @@çbØóïîóåï›åi@üè @@óïbc@lbjc
Priority @ôàó“Žïq@Lõ“Žïq@Lõ‹mŠói @@Hóïà‡ÔcI@óïÕjc
Workweek ónÐòŠbØ@LŠbØ@ñónÐóè ÞáÈ@Ëíja
Appeal @@òìóäìí›ÜóéŽïm @@Óbåøng
To lodge appeal @@òìóäìí›ÜóéŽïm@õaìa† @@õíȇÜa@Óbåøna
Professor @@ŠüïÐû‹q @@ˆbna
Commutation of @@a@ôåîŠü @@óiíÕÈ@ßa‡jna
sentence
Questionnaire @@óàbå‹q @@çbïjna
Investment. @@çbåŽïèŠóiòì Šbárna

٢٢
Investment @óîbàŠó@LçbåŽïèŠóiòì Šbárna
ñŠaŒí
Foreign investment ðäbïi@ðäbåŽïèŠóiòì åua@Šbárna
Passive investment HoIçŠa†@ðäbåŽïèŠóiòì Ý@Šbárna
Corporate investment @çbØbïäbràüØ@ðäbåŽïèŠóiòì pbØ‹’@Šbárna
HçbØó Ša‡’óiI
Public investments @ón“ @L“ @ðäbåŽïèŠóiòì ãbÈ@Šbárna
çbåŽïèŠóiòì
Indirect investment çbåŽïèŠóiòì@ü‚ónaŠbä ‹’bjà@Ì@Šbárna
Individual investment @LçbåŽïèŠóiòì@óØbm ñ†‹Ð@Šbárna
óäbØbm@ðäbåŽïèŠóiòì
Investment in human @ñóîbàŠóóÜ@çbåŽïèŠóiòì @ßbà@‘cŠ@À@Šbárna
capital
ðîû‹à ñ‹“i
Direct investment çbåŽïèŠóiòì@ü‚ìónaŠ ‹’bjà@Šbárna
Domestic investment ðÜbàü‚@ðäbåŽïèŠóiòì ðÝ«@Šbárna
Planned investment @çbåŽïèŠóiòì@çþqói Â¬@Šbárna
Money investment çbåŽïèŠóiòì@òìaŠ† ñ‡Õä@Šbárna
Foreign direct @ü‚ìónaŠ@óïäbïi ‹’bjà@åuaŠbárna
investment
@ðäbåŽïèŠóiòì@LçbåŽïèŠóiòì
ðäbïi@ñü‚ìónaŠ
Exception, exclusion @@´“ŽîìbèŠò†@L熋Žîìłóè @@öbårna

٢٣
With the exception of @@fiói@LŠò†ói @@@æà@aöbårng
Unusual, out of the @@ôîómŠaìb÷@LÛû‰Žïi ð÷bårna
ordinary; odd.
Maturity, due date @õò†aì@LõŠa‡Ôóè @@×bÕzng
@@òìóåm‹ Šòì
Merit @@ôîónîb’@Lôîbi @@HóîàI@×bÕzng
Maturity of loans òìóäa†ŒŠóÔ@ðmbØ çíî‡Üa@×bÕzna
Employ, put to use ´‚Šó ói@LçbåŽïèŠbØói ãa‡ƒna
Exployment @@ça‡ŽïqŠbØ@LŠbØóån‚ ãa‡ƒng
full employment @Lìaìóm@n‚@Šó ói HãbmIÞàbØ@ãa‡ƒna
@@çbåŽïèŠbØói@ìaìóm
Extraction @@çbåŽïèŠò† xa‹ƒng
Reasoning òìóäbåŽïè@óÜói ßý‡na
Aecovery @@òìóåm‹ Šòì@Lòìóäa‹ïŽ @@H†a†aIËbug
At ease @@ò†í“q @@a
Capitulation, @@ça†òìónò†ói@ü‚ @@ãþng
surrender
Unconditional @Žôi@ôäa†òìónò†ói@ü‚ @ìc@‡ïÔ@çì‡i@ãþng
surrender
@@xŠóà @@Ë’
Consultation @@熋َïq@‰ŽîìaŠ òŠb“ng
Borrowing @@´aí‚ @@òŠbÉng

٢٤
Attention! @@óibîŠì ‡Éna
Parade @@ç‡äaíä @@a‹Éna
Inquiry, investigation @@òìóåïÜüØ ãþÉna
(official/ judicial,
etc.).
Information @@ó‹q @@pbàþÉna
Utilization @@çbåŽïè@ŠbØói @@ßbáÉna
Use of force @@çbåŽïèŠbØói@‹iòŒ@OŽïè @@òíÕÜa@ßbáÉna
Illicit practice @@aìòŠbä@ôäbåŽïèŠbØói @@ðÈ‹’@Ì@ßbáÉna
Capacity utilization @n‚ŠbØói@OòìóåmŒüÔ @óÔb @ßþÍna
bäaím
Dispense with, leave @@çbåŽïè@ŽðÜŒaì@Lçbä@òìýói @@öbåÍng
Referundum @@μ‹qaŠ@Læm‹ ŠòìaŠ @@öbnÑng
Uprightness, rectitude @@ônaŠŠó @@óàbÕng
Reception @@õŒaí“Žïq @@@ßbjÕna
Stability ñŽïu Ša‹Õna
Economic stability ñŠìíib÷@ôîŽïu ñ†b—nÔa@Ša‹Õna
Wage stability ñ
Ž ‹Ø@ðîŽïu Šíuýa@Ša‹Õna
Price stability @@bèói@O…‹ä@ôîïu @@ŠbÉÿa@Ša‹Õna
Currency stabilization ìaŠ†@ðîŽïu @óÝáÈ@Ša‹Õna

٢٥
Profit maximisation @ô䆋Øò‡ŽîŒ@Lça†ìò‹i |iŠ@öb—Õna
wäaŒbÔ
Utility maximisation ÚÜóØ@ð䆋Øò‡ŽîŒ @óÉÑåà@öb—Õna
@@HóÉÑåà@âïÅÉmI
Cut, deduction @@æî‹i@Ž¶@LæŽî‹ ia† @@pbÈbÕng
Receipt; acceptance. @@æm‹ Šòì @@ãþng
Takeover, assumption @Oæm‹ Šòì@Hpłóò†I @@HóÝÜaI@ãþna
(power/ authority)
@@oò†@óåm‹
Form ãŠüÐ @òŠbána
Application form @@óàbåÜíióÔ@Lóàbånaí‚ @@ßíjÕÜa@òŠbáng
Transport Form @@óàbånaí @@ÞÕåÜa@òŠbáng
Conclusion, outcome, @@ãb−ó÷Šò† xbnåna
inference.
Photocopy @ôqüØ@L熋ÙìíäììŠ @@…bång
@@òìóåm‹ ŠóióÜ@L熋Ø
Targeting õ‹−bàb÷@Lwäbàb÷@óä†‹Ø Óa‡éna
Consumption @@çìíjŽïm@L熋iŠbØói @@Ûþéng
Capital consumption óîbàŠó@ð䆋iŠbØói ßb¾a@‘cŠ@Ûþéna
General consumption “ @ð䆋iŠbØói ãbÈ@Ûþéna
National consumption @Oðäbán“ïä@ð䆋iŠbØói ðàíÔ@Ûþéna
ôîòìómóä

٢٦
Average consumption
Inception, start, debut.
Dissatisfaction,
disaproval, discontent
Import
熋iŠbØói@a‹ÙŽïm Âínà@Ûþéna
@@熋َïrnò†@LbàòŠb÷ öa‡nia@Lßþéna
@@õŠaŽïi@LôîaŒòŠbä bš‹Üa@ã‡È@Oöbïna
ò†Šìbè@L熊ìbè †ana

Importation @@çbåŽïè@L熊ìbè @@†ang

Invisible import Šbî†bä@Oìa‹åïióä@ñò†Šìbè ŠíÅåà@Ì@†ana

Visible import Šbî†bä@Oìa‹åïi@ñò†Šìbè ŠíÅåà@†ana

Assimilation @@ç‡äaìí›ÙŽïÜ ñ‹Ô@lbÉïna

Pillar @@Ãò‹î†@LóØóÜüØ @@@kÔ@O†íáÈ

Stock prices çbØóÙ“q@ð‚‹ä@Obèói âéa@ŠbÉa

Asset prices @OçbØòìíióè@ð‚‹ä@Obèói ßí–ýa@ŠbÉa

óîbánò†
Gold prices ‹ îŽ Œ@ð‚‹ä@Obèói kè‰Üa@ŠbÉa

Exchange rates ðŽ ØŠü @ìaŠ†@ð‚‹ä@Obèói Ó‹—Üa@ŠbÉa

Currency prices ìaŠ†@ð‚‹ä@Obèói @óÝáÉÜa@ŠbÉa

Fixed prices çbØòŠü óä@ó‚‹ä@Obèói @ónibq@ŠbÉa

Current prices @Obèói@Lbèói@óØìíäóè HóïÜbyI@óîŠbu@ŠbÉa

aŠb÷@ô‚‹ä
Real prices @ð‚‹ä@Obèói@Lbèói@ónaŠ @óïÕïÕy@ŠbÉa
óåïÔónaŠ
٢٧
Nominal interest rates ìbäói@õ†ìí@ð‚‹ä@Obèói @óïa@ò‡÷bÐ@ŠbÉa
Real interest rate @ñóåïÔónaŠ@ô‚‹ä@Obèói @óïÕïÕy@ò‡÷bÐ@ŠbÉa
†í
Relief/ serrice (med) @@HôÙ“îq@õI@æmìóØbî‹Ð @ÓbÉýaI@ÓbÉa
@@HÜa
First aid @bî‹Ð@LæmìóØbî‹Ð@ôîaŠói @@óïÜìa@pbÐbÉa
@@ôîaŠói@ôåmìóØ
Style @@ŒaíŽï’ @@líÝa
Stylistic @@õŒaíŽï’@LŒaí‚@ŒaíŽï’ ðiíÝa
Assumed name, alias @@ìaŠŒaí‚@õìbä@Lìbä@òŒaí‚ @@ŠbÉnà@âa
Nominal óåîìbä@Lôäòìbä ða
Contribution ð’óiìbè@LñŠa‡’ói ó—y@L@ãbéa
Blue-chip stock ÛóîóÝq@ðÙ“q ¶ìa@óuŠ†@âéa
Capital stock óîbàŠó@ðÙ“q ßb¾a@‘aŠ@âéa
Common stocks H•óiìbèI@“ @ôÙ“q H@óØ“àI@óàbÈ@âéa
Outstanding stock ìaŠó @ôÙ“q óÜìa‡nà@âéa
Preferred stock lbîbä@ôÙ“q òŒbn¿@âéa
Stocks and bonds çbØóÜaìóÔ@öÚ“q pa‡å@ì@âéa
(US)
Markets çbØòŠaŒbi ×aía

٢٨
Competitive markets @ŠbÙŽïØ“Žïq@õŠaŒbi @óïÐbåm@×aía
Capital markets óîbàŠó@ñŠaŒbi ßb¾a@‘cŠ@×aía
In reference to @@ói@òˆbàb÷@Lói@óäb“ïä @@@¶a@òŠb’a
Rumour @@ìbiì‡äói @@óÈb’g
Participation @@õŠa‡’ói @@Ûa’a
Supervision @@@ôn’ŠóqŠó @@@Óa‹’a
Hard labour @ô䆋؊bØ@LõŠbÙäa‹ @@óÔb’@ßbÍ’c
@@o‚ó@O‘ŠíÔ
Genuiness, @@ðmóîbäóòŠ óÜb–c
authenticity
Issue/ print money. @@ça‡ŽïÜ@ìaŠ† óÝáÉÜa@Ša‡–a
Stable @@óÝîìóm@Ln“q @@Þj–g
Line up, from a line @@çìíiîŠ @@ÓbÑ–a
Term @@òìaŠaŒ @@@H|Ý—àI@þ–a
Assets @@óîbánò†@Lìíióä@ì@ìíióè @@Hpa†íuíàI@Þ–c
Actual asset @bèói@õóîbánò†@Oìíióè óïÕïÕy@óáïÕi@Þ–a
oaŠ
Liquid asset Þ’@õóîbánò†@Oìíióè Þ÷b@Þ–a
Net asset o‚íq@õóîbánò†@Oìíióè Àb–@Þ–a
Active asset aŠbØ@õóîbánò†@Oìíióè “ä@Þ–a

٢٩
Cash asset @LìaŠ†@O×ì‡å@ñìíióè ñ‡Õä@Þ–a
ìaŠ†@õóîbánò†
Reformist. @@ŒbØbš@OŠbÙàŠüÑîŠ ðyþ–a
Court Procedure @ôäbØbàóåi@LõŠbØŠòì†a† @@pbáØba@ßí–c
@@õŠòì†a†
Penal procedure @Lôîa@ôîŠbØŠòì†a† @pbáØba@ßí–a
@óïîŠòì†a†@ôäbØbàóåi @@óï÷a§a
@@çbØóïîa
Civil procedure @Lôäò†óà@ôîŠbØŠòì†a† @óï䇾a@pbáØba@ßí–a
@óïîŠòì†a†@ôäbØbàóåi
@@çbØóïîŠb’
Genuine, original. @@çóòŠ @@@Þï–c
Authentic, genuine; @@óàŠím Þï–c
high quality.
Addition @@Šó@óån‚@LõŠbØò‡ŽîŒ @@@pbÐbša
In addition to, @@HõIòŠbiŠó @¶a@óÐbša
additionally
Supplemental @LŠó@òìa‹‚@LôîüÙ’bq Àbšg
@@ôØò‡ŽîŒ
Dossier, file @@@ÞîbÐ@Oóïû† @@òŠbjša
Personnel file/ @@ôóØ@õóïû† @@óï—ƒ“Üa@òŠbjšýa
dossier.
Turmoil, disturbance, @@õíŽï“q@LìŠòìbmí la‹ša
pandimonium.
Obedience @@ôÜóîa‹îŽ í @@óÈb a

٣٠
Fire extinguishing @@òìóä‡äaˆíØ@LæŽîˆíØ@‹ b÷ @@HÖaI@öbÑ a
Cognizance, @@õŠa†b b÷ @@Ëþ g
familiarity
Release @@ça†Šói @@@×þ g
Release @L熋ØbèòŠ@L熋ØýòŠói @@a‹Üa@×þ g
@@ça†Šói
Release on bail @OônŽîŠóiónò†ói@ça†Šói @@óÜbÑÙi@a‹@×þ g
@@ónàŠbiói
Sending back, return. @õìa‹ìíä@õI@òìó䆊bä @@HðŠ@lbnØI@ò†bÈa
@@HôàŠóÐ
Reinstate, rehabilitate @@HŠbØŠó@üiI@òìóäa‹ïŽ @@HóÑïÄíÝÜI@ò†bÈa
Restoration of civil @óÐbà@õòìóäa‹ïŽ @@óï䇾a@×íÕ¨a@ò†bÈg
rights
@@çbØóïïäò†óà
Restore order @ì@ôîàbÔó@õòìóäa‹ïŽ @@æàÿaì@ãbÅåÜa@ò†bÈa
@@ôàaŠb÷
Revision, review @òìóåîŠüä@Ž¶@Lòìóäìíša‡Žïq @@‹ÅåÜa@ò†bÈg
Resale òìóån’û‹Ð Êïi@ò†bÈa
Income redistribution pbèa†@õòìó䆋ْóia† Þ‚†@ÊîŒím@ò†bÈa
Food ration @@íŽî‰i@LÛaŠü‚@ó’ói @@Hæîí¸I@ó’bÈa
Livelihood, @@@çaŠòŒí @@Hó“ïÉàI@ó’bÈg
subsistence
Support, sponsorship @@ÛóàüØ @@óäbÈa

٣١
Apology @@o’Œüq@LõŒaí¯†Šíi @@Ša‰nÈa
Objection @Læm‹ŽïqŠói@LôšŠóqŠói @@aÈa
@@çbnòì@ˆ†
Valid objection @ôåm‹ŽïqŠói@OôšŠóqŠói @@Ëì‹“à@aÈa
@@aìòŠ
Recognition @@HpóÜìò†@õI@çbäa‡Žïräa† @ÓaÈaI ÓaÈa
@@Hßì‡Übi
Confess @õI@çbäa‡Žïq@ça†@OçbåŽïÜ@Žðq @@Hkä‰ÜbiI@ÓaÈa
@@Hòbäí
Tacit admission @@ìa‹åŽïØŠ†óä@ôäbäa‡Žïq@ça† @@áš@ÓaÈa

Judicial confession @@ôîŠòì†a†@ôäbäa‡Žïq@ça† @@ð÷b›Ô@ÓaÈa

False confession @@ûŠ†@ôäbäa‡Žïq@ça† @@lˆbØ@ÓaÈa

Admission under @ŠûŒói@ôäbäa‡Žïq@ça† @@Ënåà@ÓaÈa

duress(by coercion) @@ìa Šòì
To plead guilty @@bäa‡îóØóèbäí @ói@ôäa† @@êjä‰i@ÓÈg

Detention, custody @@熋Øò†@Læm‹ @@ßbÕnÈg

Credit @@óäbánà @@†bánÈc

Credit, loan @@óäaíïn“q @@HðÜbàI@†bánÈa

Commercial credit @ð䆋َïqaì‹i@Oóäaíïn“q ñŠb¤@†bánÈa

ðäb ŠŒbi
Back to back credit @ðäa‡Žïqaì‹i@Oóäaíïn“q ‡Èbà@†bánÈa
Šò†ò‡îŠbî
٣٢
Documentary credit @@ôîóÜaìóÔ@õóäbánà @@ñ‡ånà@†bánÈa
Bank credit @@Úäbi@õóäbánà @@À‹—à@†bánÈa
Open credit òìa‹Ø@ðÙŽïäa‡Žïqaì‹i ínÑà@†bánÈa
Cash credit óåïn‚óä@ðäa‡Žïqaì‹i ñ‡Õä@†bánÈa
Ordinary, @@ôîbb÷ @@ñ†bïnÈa
conventional
Preparation. @@熋Ø@ò†bàb÷ †a‡Èa
Teachers, training @@ŠbØ‹ŽïÐ@ð䆋Øò†bàb÷ @@μáÝɾa@†a‡Èa
Preparatory @@ôîò†bàb÷ @@óî†a‡Èa
Exempt (from @@ça†óióu @@Hóáéà@æÈI@öbÑÈa
mission)
Tax relief 熊ìíi@Oμ“‚ói@@xbi@óÜ î‹š@öbÑÈa
Tax excemption @Ž¶@xbi@Oxbi@óÜ@熊íi@ŽðÜ @ójî‹›Üa@æà@öbÑÈa
ç‡äóóä
Remission of penalty @Lçìíj’ü‚@aóÜ @@óiíÕÉÜa@æà@öbÑÈg
@@çìíj’üƒŽïÜ
Information, @@õŠa†b b÷ @@@ãþÈa
notification
Mass media. @@bî‡ïà ãþÈýa
Information (system/ @@@ç‡äbîó aŠ @@ãþÈa
means of), media
Proof of marriage @LôäaŽï‚@õóÜói @@óïuìÜa@ãþÈa
@@óàbäŠóìbè @@

٣٣
Proclamation, @@ó’óäbi@LŠbu @@çþÈa
declaration
Announcement @@ôîb b÷ @@çþÈa
Promulgation, @@òìó䆋Øìþi@L”‚óq @@‹“ä@OçþÈa
announcement
Backlog @õŠbØ@LìímìóØaì†@õŠbØ ò‹‚bnà@ßbáÈa
@ìíióØóÜóØ
Manual work @@ò†@õŠbØ @@óîì‡î@ßbáÈa
Violation of a rights @@熋ÙmìòŒ@Óbà @@Öy@lb—nÌa
Dumping @ôåï’üqa†@LŠaŒbi@ð䆋Ø‹q H×íÜaI@×a‹Ìa
Š aŒbi
Lack , shortage @@ômŠíØ@LôàóØ@Lôäìíióä @@ŠbÕnÐg
Lack of will @@ôäìíióånîì@LônîíŽïi @@ò†aŠflÜ@ŠbÕnÐa
Release on parole @óuŠóà@LxŠóà@ói@ôäa†Šói @@ð ‹’@xa‹Ðg
@@ça†Šói
Provisional Discharge @ça†Šói@ómbØ@LômbØ@ôäa†Šói @@Ôì@xa‹Ðg
Over production çbåŽïéàóèŠói@ò‹Ð@Oò‡ŽîŒ xbnäýa@À@Ãa‹Ða
Reveal, disclose @@熋Øa‹Ù’b÷@Lç‡äbØŠ† @@öb“Ða
Preference @@ôàó“Žïq@Lõ‹mŠói @@HóîíÜìcI@óïÝ›Ðc
Horizon @@üb÷ @@ÖÐa
Horizontal @@ðîüb÷ @@ðÕÐa

٣٤
Bankruptcy HÚäbiI@ðmìíibä HÛíåiI@‘þÐa

Wane, decline, @LæîŒóia†@OçbåÜa† ßíÐc

degenerate @@çìíiaìb÷
Argumentation, @@òìóäbåŽïèóÜói @@Þï܆@óàbÔg
proving
Quotation, quote @@æm‹ Šòì@ŽðÜ @@‘bjnÔa
(from)
Suggestion @@Œbïå“Žïq @@aÔa

Economy @@õŠìíib÷ @@†b—nÔa

Economic (s) ‘båîŠìíib÷@LçaîŠìíib÷ HâÝÈI@†b—nÔa

Thrift, fragality òìóåm‹nò† †b—nÔa

Home economics @@ôäaìóÜbà@LõŠa‡Übà @@ðÜå¾a@†b—nÔýa

Exchange economy @LŠü íÜb÷@ðîŠìíib÷ ð܆bjm@†b—nÔa

@@fØŠüîŠìíib÷
Applied economics ìa‹ÙŽïqŠbØ@ðîŠìíib÷ ðÕïjm@†b—nÔa

Microeconomics @LðØó’ói@ôïäaîŠìíib÷ ð÷u@†b—nÔa

ôäaîŠìíib÷@ó’ói
International ðmóÜìò†íŽïä@ðîŠìíib÷ ðÜì†@†b—nÔa
economics
Agricultural @ðÜbØín“Ø@ðîŠìíib÷ ðÈaŠŒ@†b—nÔa
economics
Static economy Š ü óä@Oìbnòì@ðîŠìíib÷ æØb@†b—nÔa

Free market economy †aŒb÷@ñŠaŒbi@ðîŠìíib÷ @@@ò‹y@×í@†b—nÔa

٣٥
Market economy @òŠaŒbi@LŠaŒbi@ôîŠìíib÷ ðÔí@†b—nÔa
ñŠìíib÷
Political economy ðbï@ðîŠìíib÷ ðbï@†b—nÔa
Global economy ðäbéïu@ðîŠìíib÷ ð¾bÈ@†b—nÔa
National economy @Lðîòìómóä@ðîŠìíib÷ @†b—nÔa@LðàíÔ@†b—nÔa
ðäbán“ïä@ñŠìíib÷  ì
Macroeconomics @ón“ @LðØóàóè@ðîŠìíib÷ ðÝØ@†b—nÔa
õŠìíib÷
Domestic economy ðÜbàü‚@ðîŠìíib÷ ðÝ«@†b—nÔa
Mixed economy ßóÙŽïm@ðîŠìíib÷ ÂÝn¬@†b—nÔa
Planned economy @ó“‚óä@Lçþqói@ðîŠìíib÷ Â¬@†b—nÔa
õŠìíib÷
Command economy @Lìa‹ØónaŠb÷@ðîŠìíib÷ êuíà@†b—nÔa
õŠìíib÷@ónaŠb÷
Controlled economy @LìaŠ†Šìíå@ðîŠìíib÷ êuíà@†b—nÔa
õŠìíib÷óåïia†
Economist ‘båîŠìíib÷@LçaîŠìíib÷ ñ†b—nÔa
Necessity, exigency @@ônîíŽïq @@öb›nÔg
Polarization @@õŠó Šóàóu @@lbnÔa
Conviction @@çbåŽïè@Šòìbi@OçìíjÝîbÔ @@ËbånÔg
Confirm, sanction @@ç‡äb¾ó @@Ša‹Ôa

٣٦
Lending ça‡àaì@Lça†ŒŠóÔ a‹Ôa
Elimination @@熋iý @@öb—Ôg
Feudalism, feudal @@ômóîb óiòŠò†@Lð óiòŠò† ËbÔa
system.
Minority @@@óåïàóØ @@@óïÝÔa
Region. @@âŽîŠóè âïÝÔa
Textile, fabric @@@ŽßbmíØ @@ó“áÔc
Persuasion @@熋ÙÝîbÔ @@ËbåÔg
Subscription, @@Ûbnïq@LíiŠbi @@lbnnØa
contribution
To acquire legal status @OôäbåŽïénò†ói @óï—ƒ“Üa@lbnØa
@ôïnŽïóØ@ô䆋Øa‡îóq @@óîíåɾa
@@ôîbmaì
Detection of a crime @@çaìbm@õòìóåîŒû† @@󺋧a@Ób“nØa
Hoarding çìíióØóÜóØ@Lò‡äóóq ŒbånØa
Majority @@óåîŠûŒ@LóiŠûŒ @@óî‹rØa
Absolute majority @@bèòŠ@õóåîŠûŒ @@óÕyb@óî‹rØa
Bonus @@óäaŽîŠ @Lpłó‚ @@óïàa‹Øa
Constraint, coercion @@熋؊bšbä @@ëa‹Øg
Failure (partial) @@æmìóØaì† @@H‘Š‡Üa@ÀI@ßbáØa

٣٧
Tool, machine @@‹Žïàb÷ @@óÜe
Filtration @@HóïÔbm@óÜI@üïÜbq@LÛüïÜbq @ÀI@|ï’Üa@óÜe
@@Hnƒ¾a
Calculator @@Ûû‹Žïàˆ@L‹Žïà‰Žïq @@ójb¨a@óÜła
Ambiguity @ì@ãóm@LôäììŠbä@LôÝïŽ Ü @@íá¯
@@ômóîa‰à
Obligation @@õ‡äóibq@Lçìíi‡äóibq @@ãanÜg
Solicitation @@熋ibäóq@L´aí‚ @@‘bánÜg
Obligatory @ôºŒìóm@LõŠbšbä@Lìbqóa† @@HñŠbjucI@ðàaÜg
Rescission @Oòìó䆋ÙÜóšìíq @@‡ÕÈ@öbÍÜg
(termination) of
anagreement/ contract @@óàbååmìóÙÙŽîŠ @õòìóåî‹
Annulment (quashing) @õŠbî‹i@õòìóä‡äb’òíÜóè @óáÙ«@Ša‹Ô@öbÍÜg
of a judgment
@@ó †a† @@HŠa‹ÕÜa@ÕäI
Inspiring, rousing; @@æŽîˆóé‚bä @@rà@Oðàbg
stimulating,
animating.
Mechanized, @@ŠbØ‹Žïàb÷@L‹ïŽ ‹Žïàb÷ @@ðÜe
motorized
Municipality @@ôäaìón‚ónîbq @@
Deposit @@ò†Šbr @@HËa‡îgIóäbàc
Nation @@òìómóä @@@óàc
Trial, experiment @@çìíàŒó÷ @@ói‹¤@Lçbznàa

٣٨
Examination, Test @@òìó䆋ÙïÔbm @@HŠbjn‚aI@çbznàa
Final Exam @Oòìó䆋ÙïÔbm@aì† @@ð÷béåÜa@çbznàýa
@@ôîbmüØ@ðäíàŒó÷
Baccalaureate Exam @ðäíàŒó÷@Oòìó䆋ÙïÔbm @@ñŠaŒíÜa@çbznàýa
@@õŠüÜbØói@OñŠaŒòì
Mid-year Exam @ðäìíàŒó÷@Oòìó䆋ÙïÔbm @@óåÜa@Ò—ä@çbznàa
@@ߎ b@õòíïä
Abstention @L熋Øóä@Lça†óåÝà @@Ëbånàg
@@ô›ŽïqŠó
Privilege @ @õŠbØbïu@LÀbà@ò‡ŽîŒ Œbïnàa
Imperative ôäbàŠóÐ@ ‹àa
Commander @@Šó@Lò‡äbàŠóÐ @@‹àe
Order, decree @@çbàŠóÐ @@‹àc
Administrative order/ @@@õ‹ïŽ ŠbØ@ôäbàŠóÐ @@ñŠa†a@‹àa
decree
Garrison commander @@ì솊ü÷@Šó @@óïàb¨a@‹àe
Section commander @@ónò†Šó @@@ò›¨a@‹àe
Company Commander @@ÖÜŠó @@óî‹Üa@‹àa
Platoon commander @@ßóqŠó @@Þï—ÑÜa@‹àe
Battalion Commander @@çüïÜbmóiàb÷@LÂäóèŠó @@xíÑÜa@‹àe
Headquarters @@óÙåi@õò‡äbàŠóÐ @@‹Õ¾a@‹àe
commander

٣٩
Search warrant @@çaŠđó @OμåÙ“q@ôäbàŠóÐ @Oñ‹znÜbi@‹àc
@@”ïnÑnÜbi
Warrant of payment @@ça†òŠbq@ôäbàŠóÐ @@ÊЇÜbi@‹àc
Transfer order @O熊bä@ôäbàŠóÐ @@Þîí¥@‹àc
@@òìóånaí
Delivery note @Lça†òìónò†ói@ôäbàŠóÐ @@âïÝm@‹àc
@@òìóäa‡Žïq@ôäbàŠóÐ
Warrant for arrest @@熋Ønò†@ôäbàŠóÐ @@ÒïÔím@‹àc
Capias òìóäa‡Ý @ðäbàŠóÐ vy@‹àa
Official order @@ñà@ôäbàŠóÐ @@@ðŠ@‹àa
Shipping order 熋؊bi@ðäbàŠóÐ æz’@‹àa
Judicial writ @@õŠòì†a†@õŠbî‹i @@ð÷b›Ô@‹àe
Major-general @@@sïmŠó @@öaíÜ@‹àe
Minis terial order @@ñŠaŒòì@ôäbàŠóÐ @@õŠaŒì@‹àc
At your dispasal/ @@Hãbnmóà‚@óÜI@ónäbàŠóÐ @@NHÛ‹àa@o¥I@ Û‹àc
service
Signature, (act of) @@ììˆaì öb›àg
signing one’s name
Spelling, orthography @@‘ìíåŽîŠ @@Höþàýa@‡ÈaíÔI@öþàg
Script. @@fiíÑÜó÷ óibnÙÜa@óÕî‹ @Oöþàg
Public domain “ @ðÙÜ íà óàbÈ@Ûþàa

٤٠
Real estate òŠóiíäb‚@öÚÜíà óîŠbÕÈ@Ûþàa
Security @@”îbb÷ @@@æàc
Internal security @@ü‚ìbä@ô“îbb÷ @@ðÝ‚a‡Üa@æàýa
National security @@ðîòìómóä@ô“îbb÷ @@ðàíÕÜa@æàýa
Indulgence ç‡äaìb‚@Lça†Šaíi ßbéàa
Respite @@ça‡Žïq@òìbà @@ßbéàg
Period of grace @@õŠòì†a†@ôäa‡Žïqòìbà @ò‹ÅäI@ð÷b›Ô@ßbéàg
@@Hò‹ïà
Investment funds @OçbØòìa‹åŽïèŠóiòì@óîbà @óîŠbárna@ßaíàa
@ @çbØóåŽïéàóèŠóiòì
Lost property @@ìbmìóÐ@ôÜbà @@
Pension funds ôåï“äóäb‚@ñóîbà @óî‡ÈbÕm@ßaíàa
Free property @ @†aŒb÷@ñóîbà @ò‹y@ßaíàa
Public property @ôäbàb@L“ @ðÙÜíà @óïÙÝà@L@óàbÈ@ßaíàa
@ôn“ óàbÈ
Joint property •óiìbè@ôäbàb@OÚÜíà @óØ“à@ßaíàa
Intangible property @OÚÜíà@ðØóîbäbà@ñóîbà @óîíåÉà@ßaíàa
ôîbmaì@ôäbàb
Transferable property òìaaí @ôäbàb@OÚÜüà @óÜíÕåà@ßaíàa
Illiterate @@Šaìò‡åŽîí‚óä @@@ðàc

٤١
Mayor @@çaìón‚ónîbq @@
General secretary @@ôn“ @ñ‹Žïm‹Ù @@ãbÉÜa@μàÿa
Archivist @LŽîŠbq@Òï’Šó÷ @@pþv@μàa
@@çaìóÅó÷
Secretary @@‹ ŒaŠ @@‹@μàc
Treasurer @@Ša†óåï−ó @@×ì‡å–@μàc
Deputation, @Hü‚I@ôŽïuóÜ@Lômóîa‹Žïu @@óibäg
delegation
@@çbäa†
Elegant/ stylish @@ô’üqŠóm@Lô’üräaíu jÝÜa@À@óÔbäc
dressing
Production, output @@ãóèŠói @@xbnäa
By product ãóèŠóiý Ön“àLðš‹È@xbnäa
Labour intensive ŠbØ‹q@ôàóèŠói ÞáÉÜa@ÒïrØ@xbnäa
production
Capital intensive óîbàŠó@‹q@ôàóèŠói ßb¾a@‘cŠ@ÒïrØ@xbnäa
production
Aggregate production ãóèŠói@ón“ ðÝØ@xbnäa
Low-cost production ì훎ïnàóØ@ôàóèŠói @óÑÝÙÜa@уåà@xbnäa
Mass production @L‡äóiòŒ@OŠûŒ@ôàóèŠói Êaì@xbnäa
ãóèŠói@ò‹Ð
Productivity @ñŠa‡àóèŠói @óïubnäa
Marginal productivity @LŠa‡àóèŠói@òŠìíå @óî‡y@óïubnäa
ðîò†aŠ@ñŠa‡àóèŠói
٤٢
Giving a false identity @@óØ@ôÙŽïóØ@ói@熋Øü‚ @@ÍÜa@óï—ƒ’@ßbznäa
Election @@熊a‰jÜóè @@lbƒnäa
Waiting, anticipation @@@ôäaìŠòìbš @@ŠbÅnäa
Selective, @@‹Žî‰iónò† ð÷bÕnäa
discriminating,
particular.
Revenge @@óÜüm @@ãbÕnäa
Association, @@çìíjnòíîóq @@@öbánäa
affiliation
membership
Service Completion @õòìóäa‹i@OôîbmüØ @@óà‡©a@öbénäa
@@póà‚
Forcible entry @õŽîŠ @ô䆋ÙÝŽï“Žïq @@æÙ¾a@óà‹y@Ûbénäa
@ç‡äbÙ’@Žßbà@õŽîŠ @LŽßbàíŽïä
Transgression, (act of) @@ðÄb ò‡ŽîŒ ßbénäa
oversteping one’s
bounds/ going beyond
limit.
Deviation @@çìíi@õŠbÄ@Lça†ý @@Óa‹®g
Dissolution @@çaŠŽïèa†@Lòìóäb’òíÜóè @@ßþ®g
Currency @ñòìóäìíjàä@OæîŒóia† @óÝáÈ@‹É@bѯa
deppreciation
@ôäìíjäaŒŠóè@LìaŠ†@ð‚‹ä
ìaŠ†
Fall in value @Lbèói@õòìóäíjàóØ @óáïÔ@À@bѯa
çìíjäaŒŠóè

٤٣
Depreciation @Lçaìíq@Lçaìí Šbq‡äa
bèói@õòìóäìíjàóØ
Deterioration @@òìóäbØìíq@Lçaíq @@Šbq‡äg
Merger, joining @@æm‹Øóî@Læm‹mìíu ãbznÜa@Oxbà‡äa
Warning @@òìó䆋؊a†b b÷ @@@Ša‰äa
Warning, caution. @@Óó Ša‰äa
Miss @@çìímb‚ @@óäe
Harmony, accord @@çb−í @@ãbväa
Conformity @@çaŒb ãbväg
Building, @@熋Øbåïi@O熋Ø@o슆 @@HöbåjÝÜI@öb“äa
Construction
Composition (writing) @@´’Ša†@Lμìíä @@HóibnÙÝÜI@öb“äa
Join, enlist @LæmìóØ@Žßó óÜ@LŽßbq@óäìíš @@ãbá›äa
@@ìbä@óåmbè
Expenditure ì훎ïm@LðuŠó‚ ×bÑäa
Gross expenditure @ðïuŠó‚@Lôn“ @õì훎ïm ðÜb»a@×bÑäa
ãóuŠó
Private sector pójîbm@ðmŠóØ@ðïuŠó‚ ™b©a@ËbÕÜa@×bÑäa
expenditure
Public sector “ @ðmŠóØ@ðïuŠó‚ ãbÉÜa@ËbÕÜa@×bÑäa
expenditure
Current expenditure ôîóØìíäóè@ðïuŠó‚ HðÜbyI@ñŠbu@×bÑäa

٤٤
Government ômóàíÙy@ðïuŠó‚ ðàíÙy@×bÑäa
expenditure
Capital expenditure õŠa†óîbàŠó@ðïuŠó‚ ðÜbcŠ@×bÑäa
Public expenditure “ @ðïuŠó‚ ãbÈ@×bÑäa
National expenditure ðîòìómóä@ðïuŠó‚ ðàíÔ@×bÑäa
Expenditure, expenses @@熋Ø@xŠó‚ @@HÓ‹–I×bÑäg
Expenditurc, outgo. @@ôuŠó‚ Ó‹—à@O×bÑäg
Openness, @@òìóäa‹Ø @@bnÑäa
breakthrough
(act of) @Lça‹ia†@Lòìóäìíibïu HóÔþÉÜa@ÊÔI@ßb—Ñäa
Disassociating/
breaking ranks (with). @@ç‡äa‹›q@õ‡äòíîóq
Detachment, @Lçb’òíÜóéÙŽïÜ@LçaŒa‹m @@ÛbÙÑäa
disconnection
@@õŠa†Šójnò†
Leave, Quit @@ça‹ia†@Lça‹›qa†@Lça‹›q @@HóÑïÄíÜa@æÈI@ÛbÙÑäa
Bailout 熋؊b ŒŠ@L熋،biŠò† ˆbÕäa
Salary-cut @@òìó䆋ÙàóØ@óšìíà @@kma‹Üa@™bÕäa
Expiry @@çì횊óói @@öb›Õäg
Work stoppage @@ça‹ia†@ŠbØóÜ @@ÞáÉÜa@æÈ@ËbÕäa
Coup detat, @@bmò†íØ @@lþÕäa
Bloodless Coup @@ôr@õbmò†íØ @@ïia@lþÕäa
Contraction Ûóîóäìíš •báÙäa

٤٥
Deflation μqóma† •báÙäa
Recession õŠaŒbjŽïi@Lôn@Lçb“Øa† @L@†a‡mŠa@L•báÙäa
@Ãb“åÜa@À@Êua‹m
ñ†b—nÔýa
Evolutionary, @@Šòíîˆa‹Ð@Oôîò‡å’ó ð÷b¹g
developmental.
Production patterns çbåŽïéàóèŠói@õŒŠóm xbnäýa@Ãb¹a
Service termination @@òˆaŠ@ôåm‹ aŠ @@@óà‡©a@öbéäa
Crash HðîaŠa†I@ðòŠóè HðÜbàI@Šbïéäa
Femeninty, @@ômóïŽïà óqíäc
womanliness.
Contempt of court @ói@熋Ø@ômóîbØìí @@öb›ÕÜa@óäbèg
@@ó †a†
Suitability, fitness @@@çbï’@Lôîónîb’ @@óïÝèc
Legal competence @@ôîbbî@ôäbï’@Oôîónîb’ @@óïäíäbÔ@óïÝèc
Negligence @Lðàó‚ŠónàóØ @@ßbáèa
@@熋ْüàaŠóÐ@LôîóÙÝŽîìb‚
heedlessness, @@´‚@eín“q @@ßbáèa
Gross negligence @LŠûŒ@ôïàó‚ŠónàóØ @@âïu@ßbáèg
@@ôàó‚ŠónàóØò‹Ð
Inattention, @@õŠbï’üèbä @@ëbjnäa@óÝÔ@Oßbáèa
Importance, @@…óîbi@Lðä‹ @@óïáèa
significance

٤٦
Credentials, @@óàbäaì‹i †bánÈa@×aŠìa
testimonial.
Letter of credit @@óàbäóäbánà @@†bánÈýa@×aŠìc
Commercial paper @õóÜìíq@Lóàbåïäb ŠŒbi óîŠb¤@×aŠìa
ôäb ŠŒbi
Bill of exchange @@ôäb ŠŒbi@õóÜbióÔ @@óîŠb¤@×aŠìc
Notes payable @õóÜìíq@Lóàbåäa‡Žïq ÊІ@×aŠìa
ça‡Žïq
Notes receivable @õóÜìíq@Lóàbååm‹ Šòì jÔ@×aŠìa
æm‹ Šòì
Government securities @óàbåïîaŠa†@OóàbäónàŠbi @óïàíÙy@óïÜbà@×aŠìa
çbØóïïmóàíÙy
Securities, shares ìaŠ†ónàŠbi@LçbØóÙ“q @@HâéaI@LóïÜbà@×aŠìa
Securities óàbåîŠói@ónò† Hpa‡åI@LóïÜbà@×aŠìa
Blood Vessel @@æŽîí‚@ôîŠüi@LûŠóåŽîí‚ @@óîíà‡Üa@óïÈìýa
Priority @@ôàó“Žïq@Lõ‹mŠói @@óîíÜìc
Positive, assured @@ŽîŠó÷ ðib°a
Deposit @@HÚäbióån‚I@çbäa† @À@Ëa‡îýaI@Ëa‡îa
@@HÓ‹—ÝÜ
Malice @@oóÕäó÷@ói@ôäa†ŠaŒb÷ @@ñ‡áÈ@öa‰îg
Revenue pbèa† †a‹îa

٤٧
Marginal revenue ðîò†aŠ@ðmbèa† ñ‡y@†a‹îa
Internal revenue HðØòìbäI@ðîü‚ìbä@ðmbèa† ðÝ‚a†@†a‹îa
National revenue @Oðîòìómóä@ðmbèa† ðàíÔ@†a‹îa
@@ôäbán“ïä
Total revenue pbèa†ón“ @O“ @ðmbèa† ðÝØ@†a‹îa
Tax revenue pbèa†óubi@Oxbi@ðmbèa† ójî‹›Üa@pa†a‹îa
Inland revenue @Oðîü‚ìbä@ðmbèa† óïÝ‚a†@pa†a‹îa
pbèa†òìbä
Delegation, dispatch @@‡äb’@L熊bä @@@†bÑîa
Detention @@熋Øjnò†@Læm‹ @@HßbÕnÈaI@ÓbÕîa
Suspention, block @@æm‹ aŠ@Lç‡äbnòì @@HóÝàbÉáÝÜI@ÓbÕîa
Stay of execution @ôåm‹ aŠ@L熋ØóåŽïuójŽïu @@@‰ïÑånÜa@ÓbÕîg
@@熋َïuójŽïu
Suspension of @@æm‹ aŠ@Šbî‹i @@Ša‹ÕÜa@ÓbÕîg
sentence
Credence, trust @@óäbánà@Oaì‹i óÕq@Lçbºg

٤٨
 l
Bygone @@ì횊óói @@‡÷bi
Seller @@@Šbï’û‹Ð @@Ê÷bi
Wholesaler @@•û‹ÐüØ @@óÝá§a@Ê÷bi
Retailer @@•û‹ÑØbm @@†‹Ñ¾a@Ê÷bi
Wholesale trader/ @@•û‹ÐüØ óÝá§bi@Ê÷bi
merchant.
Researcher @@Šbîˆüm@LŠò‰Žîím@LŠòˆüm @sybi
Weak argument Œaìý@ðØóîóäbèói @@ò†Šbi@óvy
Except, with the @@óÜóu @@öbårnbi
exception of
Instep @@fq@õŠói@LŽôq@óåi @@ã‡ÕÜa@æ bi
Palm of the hand @õŠói@LtóÜìbä@Loò†ìbä @@@ÒÙÜa@æ bi
@@oò†
Hidden, inner @@ôîòìaŠb’@LðäììŠò† @@@ bi
Intimate @@ôØòìbä@LôäììŠò† @@ bi
Hidden, Covert @@òìaŠb’ @@HðÑ‚I@ bi
Internal @@ôØòìbä@LŠòì‡äóè @@ðÝ‚a†@L bi
First (child, fruits) @@ãóèŠóiüä@LòŠóiüä @@òŠíØbi
Adult, mature @@Œýüm@LíïîóŽïq@LíïòŠ @@HwšbäI@ÎÜbi

٤٩
Dairy products @@ôîbïr@Lðäóàò’ @@çbjÜa
Arbitrarily, @@óäaìò‹Øbm âÙzni
capriciously
Investigation @@òìóåïÜüØ@Lòìóåîˆüm @@HÖïÕ¥I@s¢
Initial; first (as of a @@Hb †a†I@ôîaŠói HóáÙ«I@ó÷a‡i
court of first
instance); onset,
biginning.
Primary @@ôîbmòŠó@LôîaŠói @@ð÷a‡i
Telephone exchange @@HçüÐóÜómI@Šüi @@HçíÑÝmI@óÜa‡i
Beginning, @@ÚŽïrnò†@LbmòŠó @@óîa‡i
commencement, start
Unemployment óäaŠbÙŽïi @@óÜbi@߇i
benefit
Alternate. agent @@ŠbÙî‹i HÞïØíÜaI@LÞî‡jÜa
Relieve ones @@õ†aŒb÷@熊ó @@HóàˆI@òöa‹i
conscience
Patent @@óàbåäbåŽïèa† @@Ëa‚a@òöa‹i
Discharge, õ†aŒb÷@熊ó @@óàˆ@òöa‹i
exoneration, quits
Welfare pograms @OðäaŠòŒí’ü‚@ñóàbäŠói óïèbЋÜa@wàa‹i
ôîò†ìíb÷
Public assistance “ @ðïmóàŠbî@ñóàbäŠói óàbÈ@ò‡Èbà@wàa‹i
programmes
Telegraph, cable. @@óÙì‹i @@óïÔ‹i
Programme @@óàbäŠói @@wàbä‹i

٥٠
Agenda @@óäaˆûŠ@õón“‚@OóàbäŠói @@ðàíî@ßì‡u@Owàbä‹i
Professor @@ŠüïÐû‹q @@ŠíïÐì‹i
Mail @@ónüq @@‡î‹i
Registered mail @@ìa‹ØŠbàüm@õónüq @@Þvà@‡î‹i
Portent, harbinger, @@Šò†ò†‰à@Oò‡äóiŠó‚ “i
herald.
Fingerprint @@Šüàó−óq @@Êib–ÿa@óá—i
Ordinariy @@@ðîbb÷@ðØóîòíŽï’ói @@@óî†bïnÈa@òŠí—i
Vision, perception, @@æî‹Žïä@Lôåïj“Žïq ò—i
foresight.
Perception, @@ô䊌@OôØò‹îŒ@LŒòìb÷ óåÐ@Lò—i
discernment.
Merchandise @łbØ@LßóqíÜóØ @Ê÷b›i
Perishable goods @@ìí›ÙŽïm@õýbØ @@ÒÝnÝÜ@óÝibÔ@Ê÷b›i
Goods @@ߎ bmìíØ@LÛó @@óÈb›i
Article/thing/ object łbØ@LÛó@OÛóàín’ @@óÈb›i
Ending inventory Šbuaì†@õłbØ ò‹à@‹‚c@óÈb›i
Beginning inventory ŠbªóØóî@õłbØ @ò‹à@ßìc@óÈb›i
Deck cargo ìa‹ØŠbi@Oôn’óØŠó@õłbØ @ôÝÈ@æz“m@óÈb›i
kØ‹¾a@‹éÄ
Contraband …bšbÔ@Oò†‹ØòŒ†@õłbØ ói‹éà@óÈb›i

٥١
Ticket @@oïÝi@OpŠbØ @@@óÔbi
Credit cards óàbäóäbánà@Lóäbánà@ðmŠbØ çbán÷ýa@óÔbi
Tag óàbäbèói@L…‹ä@ðmŠbØ ‹É@óÔbi
Unemployment @ñŠbÙŽïi óÜbi
Concealed/ disguised @Lìa‹’üqììŠ@ðîŠbÙŽïi @óÉåÕà@óÜbi
unemployment
Šbî†bä@ôîŠbÙŽïi
Nullity @@ônŽïšìíq@LçìíjÜbmói @@çþi
Non suit @Laìa†@ôäìíjÜbmói @@õíȇÜa@çþi
@@aìa†@õòìóäìíjšìíq
Dispatch @@熋Ø@‡äb’ @@@sÉi
Mission, Delegation @@‡äb’ @@órÉi
Dimension, extent. @@‡äóèòŠ ‡Éži
Dimentional; @@‹ ‡äóèòŠ ñ‡Éži
extensive, wide.
Remains @@òìbbq@LòìbàŠói @@bîbÕi
Relic, remnant. @@ŠaìóåŽîí’ Šbqe@OóïÕi
Virgin @@Ø@LòïØbq @@HöaŠ‰ÈI@‹Ùi
Communique @@ç‡äbîó aŠ @@Ïþi
Statement óàbåä‡äbîó aŠ@Lóàbäì⁄i @@Ïþi
Final report @@ôîbmüØ@ômŠüqaŠ @@ðàbn©a@ÏþjÜa

٥٢
Final Communique @ôä‡äbîó aŠ@Lç‡äbîó aŠ@aì† @@ð÷béåÜa@ÏþjÜa
@@ôîbmüØ
Preliminary report @@ÚŽïrnò†@ômŠüqaŠ @@ñ‡ïé¸@Ïþi
Press release/ @õìaŠ‡äóîó aŠ @@óïÑz–@pbÌþi
communiqué
@@ôïäaìóàbäˆûŠ
Municipality @@ôäbÄ‹Žîˆbi@LôäaìòŠb’ @@óî‡Ýi
Article @@@‡äói @@‡åi
Article, section @@ó ‹ i @@‡åi
Central bank @ðÕäbi@LñŒóØŠóà@ðÕäbi ñØ‹à@Úåi
ñ‡äòìbä
Commercial banks ðäb ŠŒbi@ôÕäbi @óîŠb¤@Ûíåi
Infrastructure ñŠìíib÷@ðäb‚@‹Žîˆ @óïnznÜa@ôåi
Structure, make-up. @@ómbéÙŽïq@Lpbïäíi @@óïåi
Infrastructure, @@çb‚‹Žîˆ óïnznÜa@óïåjÜa
underlying foundation
Structure, make-up. @@pbïäíi kïØ‹m@Lóïåi
Festive, joyful, @@ô’ü‚@LaŠbøÜbÅïnŽïÐ ‹à@Owïéi
celebratory.
Doorman, Gate keeper @@@çaìó Šò† @@@laíi
Insurance policy @õóïÜüq@Lóàbä@óáïi @@μàdnÜa@ó—ïÜíi
@@@äòŠí“åï÷
Environment @@óåîˆ @@HÂï«I@óøïi

٥٣
Petition, request @@óàbäaìa† @@õíȇÜa@çbïi
Customs' manifest, @HônŽïÑäóàI@õón‚Šò† @@ðØ‹»@çbïi
customs' Declaration
@@ô ‹àí
Manifest @LoŽïÐóäóà@LóàbäŠbi æz’@çbïi
熋؊bi@ñóÜìíq
Financial statement ðîaŠa†@HóàbåäbîóiI ðÜbà@çbïi
Veterinary medicine @@õŠóäŠónŽïÄ@LóäbƒÜbnîói @@@ò‹ïi
Veterinarian @@ߎ bnîói @@ñ‹ïjÜa
Selling @@´’û‹Ð @@Êïi
Sale @@´’û‹Ð @@Êïi
Cost and freight @NÒŽï÷@NôI@ôån’û‹Ð @Þá“îB@HC.F.I@Êïi
@@HCF @Šíucì@óÈb›jÜa@‹ÉI
@@BHæz“Üa
Cost and insurance @@HCI@õb÷@NôI@ôån’û‹Ð @@HC.I.I@Êïi
Cost, insurance and @ÒŽï÷@Nõb÷@NôI@ôån’û‹Ð @@HÒïI@Êïi
freight
@@HCIF
Cost, insurance and @ÒŽï÷@Nõó÷@NôI@ôån’û‹Ð @@öbåï¾a@À@âïÝnÜa@Êïi
freight
@@Šò‡äói@ôån’û‹Ð@LHCAF
Compulsory sale @ŠûŒói@LôºŒìóm@ôån’û‹Ð @@ðàaÜg@Êïi
@@•û‹Ð@òŠûŒ@L´’û‹Ð@Žôq
Sale by installment @LoïÔói@´’û‹Ð @@ÂïÕnÜbi@Êïi
@@´’û‹Ñ’ói
٥٤
Wholesale @ŽßóàüØ@ói@L´’û‹Ð@üØ @@óÝá§bi@Êïi
@@´’û‹Ð
Bulk sale ´’û‹Ð@üØ óÝá§bi@Êïi
Wholesale ô’û‹Ð@üØ óÝá§bi@Êïi
Sale on Credit @ŒŠóÔ@L†ŠóÔói@´’û‹Ð @@æî‡Übi@Êïi
@@´’û‹Ð
Sale on credit ô’û‹Ð@ŒŠóÔ @Êïi@Læî‡Übi@Êïi
@@Þuýbi
Auction (sale) @L´’û‹ÑmaŒóà @@†a¾bi@Êïi
@@paŒóà@L´’û‹ÑuaŠóè
Retail merchant/ seller @@ô’û‹ÑØbm †‹Ñ¾bi@ÊïjÜa
Sale on a trail basis @LôÔbm@ôuŠóà@ói@´’û‹Ð @@ói‹vnÜa@Ë“i@Êïi
@@ô’û‹ÑuŠóà
Credit sale @ŒŠóÔ@O´’û‹Ð@†ŠóÔói @@båî†@Êïi
@@´’û‹Ð
Judicial sale @ôån’û‹Ð@ô’û‹Ð@Šòì†a† @@ð÷b›Ô@Êïi
@@óäbïîŠòì†a†
Credit sale @ôån’û‹Ð@L´’û‹Ð@òìbà Þuÿ@Êïi
@@òìbàói
Direct sale @Lü‚ìónaŠ@ôån’û‹Ð ‹’bjà@Êïi
@@ô’û‹Ð@ü‚ìónaŠ
Free on board @@ô’û‹Ð@ŠüqbqŠó @ôÝÈ@âïÝnÜa@Êà@Êïi
@@HlíÐI@ò‹‚bjÜa@‹éÄ

٥٥
Cash sale @ŠŒby@L‡Ôóä@Lð’û‹Ñ’bØ a‡Õä@ÊïjÜa
ô’û‹Ð
Proof, evidence @@óÜói @@HÞï܆I@óåïi
Conclusive proof @@òìòŠóØþØóî@õóÜói @@óby@óåïi
Material evidence @@õ††bà@õóÜói @@óî†bà@óåïi
Competent/ @@ìa‹ÙÜìíjÔ@õóÜói @@óÜíjÕà@óåïi
admissible evidence
Admissible evidence @@ìa‹Ø@‡äóóq@õóÜói @@óÜíjÕà@óåïi
Black tent/ pavilion @@Šaìò†@LŽßbòŠ @@@‹É“Ü@píïi
Filtration apparatus @@æmìłbq@õb Œò† @@|ï’Üa@óÜa

٥٦
 p
Impact, effect, weight. @@ôîò†‹Ø@ŠbØ@LõŠóîŠbØ qdm
Fiscal impact ðîaŠa†@ðîŠóîŠbØ ðÜbà@qdm
Culpability, guilt @@õŠbjèbäí @OõŠbibmó‚ óàþà@Oâïqdm
Merchant @@çb ŠŒbi @@@‹ubm
Letting out, hire out @@ça‡Žî‹Øói @@@udm
To adjourn, stand @@´ƒ’bq@O´‚aì† @@Þïudm
adjournment
Discipline @@ç‹ØòŠüm@L熋َïàóm @@kî†dm
Disciplinary @@HõŠbØòŠümI@õŠbÙŽïàóm @@î†dm
Performance @@ò†‹Ø @@öa†c@Lóî†dm
History @@Ûû‹î†@Oì쉎ïà @@„îŠdm
Historiography @LôäaŒì쉎ïà@OôbåØû‹î† @@HâÝÈI@„îŠdm
@@ôäaØû‹î†
Date @@ˆûŠ@LpìóÙŽîŠ @@HæàŒI@„îŠdm
Found, base, lay the @@çbäa†@O´‚@bàóåi ïdm
foundation (of)
Institutionalization @@õŒbäaŠŒóàa†@LõŒbmbïåi @@ïdm
Marking @@@熋Ø@çb“ïä @@’dm
Visa @@òïÄ @@ò’dm

٥٧
Exit visa @@çì횊ò†@õòïÄ @@xì‹‚@ò’dm
Entry visa @@æmbè@õòïÄ @@ß킆@ò’dm
Transit visa @oŽîäa‹m@õòïÄ @@Šì‹à@ò’dm
@@HæîŠórŽïmI
Wear and tear òìóäbØìíq@LçaŠü‚a† @ßbáÉnýa@óvïnäIÞØfm
Hñ†bÉÜa
Confirmation @@ç‡äbn‚óu@Lpbqìì† @@‡ïØdm
Write/ compose, @@çbäa† @@ÒïÜdm
author
Author and publish @ì@çbäa†@Lç‡äb’òì @@‹“åÜaì@ÒïÜdnÜa
@@H”‚óqI@òìó䆋Øì⁄i
Nationalization @@熋ÙïÜbàü‚ @@âïàdm
Insurance @@õŠbØbïå܆@LómŠüï@Lóáïi @@μàdm
Social insurance @ð䆋Øbïå܆@Oóáïi ðÈbánua@μàdm
ðmóîłóàüØ
Underinsurance @ô䆋Øbïå܆@Oóáïi óáïÕÜa@æà@ÞÔbi@μàdm
bèói‹Žîˆ
Unemployment ñŠbÙŽïi@Hðîbïå܆I@Oóáïi óÜbi@μàdm
insurance
Comprehensive ‹n“ @ð䆋Ø@Oóáïi Þàb’@μàdm
insurance
Health insurance 슇äóm@ñóáïi ðz–@μàdm
National health @ôïn슇äóm@õóáïi  ì@ðz–@μàdm
insurance
ôäbán“ïä

٥٨
Fire insurance @õˆ†@ô䆋Øbïå܆@Oõóáïi Öa@‡š@μàdm
òìóåmìóØ‹ b÷
Accident insurance ìa†ììŠ@òˆ†@ñóáïi t†aí¨a@‡š@μàdm
Automobile insurance @ô䆋Ø@ðîbïå܆Oóáïi paŠbïÜa@ôÝÈ@μàdm
ÞŽïjàümü÷
Coinsurance @ô䆋Øbïå܆@Oóáïi Û“à@μàdm
•óiìbè
Deposit insurance ò†Šbr@ðîbïå܆@Oóáïi @óÉî†ì@μàdm
Qualify, make fit; @@ç‡äbï’ @@@Þïèdm
reform, rehabilitate
Training @@熋Ø@Žôq@Ö’óà@Lç‡äbï’ @@Þïèdm
Support, sponsorship @@ñ ý @@‡ïîdm
Corroboration, @@ç‡äbÜói@Lòìó䆋ÙnaŠ Öïqím@O‡ïîdm
confirmation
Prison of war @@Âäóu@õóm‹ @õòìóåîŠü @ìc@Hõ‹ÿaI@߆bjm
exchange
@@H™bƒ’ýaI
Goods exchange @@HłbØI@Šü @ì@Žßb÷ @@HÊ÷b›jÝÜI@߆bjm
Exchange/ swap (job @@H”ï÷I@ŽðØŠüŽïu @@HóÑïÄíÝÜI@߆bjm
position
Barter, bargain @@o’@ói@o’@LòìóåîŠü @@Hó›îbÕàI@߆bjm
Trade in ôŽ ØŠü łbØ ÊÝ@߆bjm
Currency exchange fØŠü @ìaŠ† óÝáÈ@߆bjm
Direct exchange ü‚ìónaŠ@ñŠü íÜb÷ ‹’bjà@߆bjm

٥٩
Reciprocity @@ônŽîŠ ü íÜb÷@Lôîaìónò† @@óï܆bjm
Cleavage/schism @@æŽïÜóØ @@×bÕ“äa@O‡Èbjm
Dissimilarity, @@õŒaìbïu @@æîbjm
difference
Differentiation @@õŠbØbïu @@æîbjm
Commutation of @ói@Ûóîa@ôåîŠü @óiíÕÉi@óiíÕÈ@Þî‡jm
sentence
@@óÙî†@ôØóîa @@õ‹‚a
Acquittal, discharge @@óäbØbq @@ó÷m
Donation @@ìíiŠbi @@Ëm
Simplify, ease (the @@õŠbÙäbb÷@L熋Ø@çbb÷ Þïém@OÂïjm
condition, status of);
facilitite.
Dependence @@ômóîüÙ’bq @@óïÉjm
Conveyance, @@ç‡äbîó aŠ @@ÎïÝjm
transmission,
information.
Confirmation @@çìíiŽïu @@HóÑïÄíÝÜI@oïjrm
Stabilization @ŠóäóÜ@Oçìíjäóìbè @@çŒaímOoïjrm
@@æm‹
Stabilization 熋ØŽïu@Lç‡äbróš Ša‹ÕnaLoïjrm
Estimation @@ç‡äb‚‹ä@Oç‡äb‹Ô @@HóáïÕÜa@‹î‡ÕmI@μárm
Commerce, trade @@ðäb ŠŒbi @@@òŠb¤
Bilateral trade óäóîýìì†@ðïäb ŠŒbi @óï÷båq@òŠb¤

٦٠
Free trade †aŒb÷@ðïäb ŠŒbi @ò‹y@òŠb¤
Foreign trade ðØòŠò†@ðïäb ŠŒbi @óïuŠb‚@òŠb¤
International trade @ðmóÜìò†@íŽïä@ðïäb ŠŒbi @óïÜì†@òŠb¤
World trade ðäbéïu@ðïäb ŠŒbi óï¾bÈ@òŠb¤
Invisible trade ìa‹åïióä@ðïäb ŒŠbi òŠíÅåà@Ì@òŠb¤
Closed trade ìa‹‚a†@ðïäb ŠŒbi óÝÑÕà@òŠb¤
Abuse of power @ôäbåŽïèŠbØói@ta‹‚ @@óÝÜa@Œìb¤
@@pýóò†
Renewal, rejuvenation @@õŠó òŒbm ‡î‡¤

Renew, renovate, @Lòìó䆋Ùäòˆüä |ïÝ—m@O‡î‡¤

restore, refurbish, @@òìó䆋ÙØbš
repair.
Trial, test @@õŠóïÔbm@Lòìó䆋ÙïÔbm @@k

Collective @@û‹ @Lóiüè @@Êá¤

Collectivities @@çbØóîû‹ @OçbØóiüè @@pbÉá¤

Price freeze @@…‹ä@ôåm‹ aŠ @@ŠbÉÿa@‡ïá¤

Tax avoidance òìóå@xbi@óÜ@ü‚ î‹š@kå¤

Enlistment, @@õ‹ ŒbiŠó @@‡ïå¤

recruitment
Conscription (mil) @@ça†ìbÔ@Oj’òŠ @@‡ïå¤

٦١
Join, assume (job, @LŠbØ@Šó@óäíš @@HóÑïÄíÜbiI@×bznÜa
position) @@çìíiŠbØójnò†
On order oaí‚Šói kÝÜa@o¥
Challenge, dare; call @@õŠbäòŠói@LõŒaí¯a‡îóà @ßaåÜa@¶a@òíȆI@‡¥
into question.
HòŒŠbj¾a@ìa
Challenge @@õŠbäòŠói@Læm‹rÜóq @@@ñ‡¥
Modernization @@õŠbÙŽîíä @@s
Fix, determine (fee, @e‹Ø@Lòìóåî‹i@Žõ‹Ø @@@‹uýa@‡î‡¥
wage)
@@熋ÙîŠbî†
Price control @O熋Ø@õŠbî†@…‹ä @@ŠbÉýa@‡î‡¥
@@ç‡äbróš
Limitation of liability @@ô‹qŠói@ô䆋Ø@õŠbî† @@óïÜìöí¾a@‡î‡¥
Birth control @@òìóåî‹ i@òìóä@Oóšòì @@ÞåÜa@‡î‡¥
Quality control @L熋ÙîŠbî†@Šüu @@óïÈíåÜa@‡î‡¥
@@ônŽîŠüu@ð䆋؇äóóq
Search @@μåÙ“q @@ñ‹¥
Editing @@μìíä @@‹î‹¥
Written, in writing @@μìíäói @@b î‹î‹¥
Distortion @@ç‡äaíŽï’ @@Òî‹¥
Disinformation @L熋Øó’aìóš @@Òî‹¥
@@õŠbØó’aìóš

٦٢
Partisanship; bias, @@õ ý òýaíà@Ol¥
partiality.
Mobilize @@熋؊bîóm @@‡ï“¥
(act of) Securing/ @@çbåŽïénò†ói@L熋Ùåïia† Þï—¥
obtaining
Prepare, make ready @@熋Ø@ò†bàb÷ @@Höð“ÜaI@›¥
Prepare (chemically) @@熋،b @@HñìbïáïØI@›¥
Reservation @@õŽîŠbqü‚ @@ÆÑ¥
Investigation @@òìóåïÜ üØ @@ÖïÕ¥
Police investigation @@õŠü°óq@LòìóåïÜüÙŽïÜ @@Hó ‹“ÜaI@ÖïÕ¥
Research @@òìóåîˆüm @@Hs¢I@ÖïÕ¥
Reportage @@çìíša†aì†ói @@HðÑz–I@ÖïÕ¥
Inquiry @@Šìí°óq @@ÖïÕ¥
Criminal investigation @@ôäaìbm@õòìóåïÜüÙŽïÜ @@ð÷båu@ÖïÕ¥
Judicial inquiry @@õŠòì†a†@õòìóåïÜüØ @@ð÷b›Ô@ÖïÕ¥
Inquiry, investigation @@òìóåï‹q@LòìóåïÜüØ ãþÉna@OÖïÕ¥
(official/ judicial,
etc.).
Arbitrary, self- @@õìò‹Øbm ðáÙ¥
assertiveness
Arbitration @@ðäbÄòŠói@Lç‡äbÙ“q @@âïÙ¥
Analysis @@õŠbÙï’ @@ÞïÝ¥

٦٣
Micro analysis @ó›áïä@LõŠbÙï’ó’ói ð÷u@ÞïÝ¥
õŠbÙï’
Cost analysis çì훎ïm@ñòìó䆋Ùï’ @óÑÝØ@ÞïÝ¥
Macro analysis @LõŠbÙï’@ón“ ðÝØ@ÞïÝ¥
ðØóàóè@ñòìó䆋Ùï’
Transformation, @@õŠü òíŽï’@OçaŠü @òíŽï’ ßčí¥
process of change.
Self-transformation @@æîŠü ü‚ @@ðmaˆ@ßí¥
Shift in demand ôŽ ØŠünaí‚ kÝÜa@À@pýí¥
Shift in supply @@fØŠüäa‡Žïq ‹ÉÜa@À@pýí¥
Sequential shifts @aì†ìŠói@LfØŠü @aì†@ói@aì† @óïÜaínà@pýí¥
ôŽ ØŠü
Transfer @@òìóånaí @@Þîí¥
Conversion æîŠü @Lòìóånaí Þîí¥
Conversion of stock æîŠü’ói@LfØŠüÙ“q âéýa@Þîí¥
Authorize, empower @@ça‡Žïq@płóò† @@pbïyþ–@Þîí¥
Bank transfer @Lòìóånaí @óÙäói @@À‹—à@Þîí¥
@@ôÙäbi@õòìóånaí
Transfer 熊bä@Oòìóånaí @LòŠbq H†íÕäIßbŠaLÞîí¥
Cash transfers 熊bäóåïn‚óä @óî‡Õä@pþîí¥
Bias, prejudice @@õ‹ ý @@čï¥

٦٤
Ethnocentrism, race @@õŒó òŠ@ôî‹ ý @@ñ‹—åÈ@čï¥
discriminatin
Allocate, apportion @@òìóåî‹i@Oçbäa†@HüiI @@˜ï—¦
Plan @@ó“‚óä@Lçþq @@ó‚
Planning õŒbó“‚óä@Lçbäa‡äþq Âï¦
Central economic @ðîŠìíib÷@ðäbäa‡äþq @ñ†b—nÔa@Âï¦
planning
Hñ‡äòìbäI@ìa‹ØónaŠb÷ ñØ‹à
Central planning @H@ñ‰Žî‹ äþqI@ðäbäa‡äþq ñØ‹à@Âï¦
@ñ‡äòìbä
Tax cuts òìó䆋ÙàóØ@xbi óïjî‹š@pb›ïѦ
Mental retardation @@ôÜüØi @@ðÝÕÈ@Òݦ
Fermentation @@ç‡äb’‹m @@@á¦
Assess, appraise @@ç‡ä⁄àó‚ @@μá¦
Frontier @@lí¦@LŠìíå@Lçó’ìóØ @@ãí¦
Circulation @Lòìóäýí‚@L熋؋ŽîìíÜb÷ ßìa‡m
çaŠó
Deliberation @@ôŽ ØŠü aŠ @@ñc‹Üa@ßìa‡m
Treat (medically) @@熋؊báïm@L熋ÙäbàŠò† @@ñìa‡m
Gradation, gradual @@ôîaì†ìŠói@Lñ‡äóióÝq @@kÔbÉm@OxŠ‡m
progress
Social stratification @@ômóîýóàüØ@ôî‡äóióÝq ðÈbánua@xŠ‡m

٦٥
Training @@Ö’óà @@km
Exercise @@çbåŽïèaŠ@ì@Ö’óà @@ðšbîŠ@km
Military training @@ñŒbiŠó@ðÕ’óà @@ñ‹ÙÈ@km
Vocational training ôîó“ïq@ôÕ’óà @@êåéà@km
Gradually, step by @@òŠóiòŠói @@b ï°Š‡m
step
Teach, instruct. @@òìóåmì@‘Šò† @@m
Capital flow æîìòŠ@óîbàŠó@ ßb¾a@‘cŠ@ÖЇm
Monetary flow æîìòŠ@ìaŠ† ñ‡Õä@ÖЇm
Trade flows @ôåîìòŠ@Lðäb ŠŒbi@ñìłb’ òŠbvnÜa@pbÕЇm
ôäb ŠŒbi
Housekeeping, @@ôäaìóÜbà@Lôäaìóåi @@ðÜå¾a@i‡nÜa
household
management
Coherence @@çìíjnòíîóq@Læm‹Äóè @@Úb¸@OÂia‹m
Heritage @@ŠìíqóÜóØ @@@ta‹m
Education, pedagogy @@ò†ŠòìŠóq @@óïi‹m
Upbringing, raising @@熋ØíŽï‚ói @@óïi‹m
Physical education @õò†ŠòìŠóq@L•ŒŠòì @@óïšbî‹Üa@óïiÜa
@@•ŒŠòì
Scout education @@ðäó“Žïq@õò†ŠòìŠóq @@óïÑ“ÙÜa@óïiÜa

٦٦
Education and @@熋؋ŽïÐ@ì@ò†ŠòìŠóq âïÝÉnÜaì@óïiÜa
teaching
Civics (civic rights @@ôäbán“ïä@õò†ŠòìŠóq @@óïå ì@óïi‹m
and duties)
Translation @@ça‹ïŽ Šòì @@@ó»‹m
Autobiography @@óàbååîˆ @@@ßb¨a@ó»‹m
Favor, endorse, lean @@õ‡äóóq |ïu‹m
toward.
License, permit, @@ça‡móÜüà@ ˜ï‚‹m
authorize.
Sedimentation, @@´“ïä @@k‹m
precipitation
Nomination @@æmìýbq @@@|ï’‹m
Filtration @@æmìłbq @@HöbïáïÙÝÜI@|ï’‹m
Rationalization @@ôîbáåŽîŠ @Lõi‹îˆ @@‡ï’‹m
Stratification. @@çìíi@eím@eím@LõŠbÙŽîím Òï–‹m
Promotion @@ça‡Žïq@óÝq @@HóÑïÄíÝÜI@ÊïЋm
Leave, abandon, @@´“ŽïéŽïu@OçbåŽïéŽïÜ@Œaì @@Û‹m
Set aside @ôåm‹ Šìì†ói@Oôån‚ý @@bjäbu@óÜd¾a@Û‹m
@@ÚŽï‹q
Leave alone/ @@çaŠó @ŽðÜ HæÈI@ðݦ@OÛ‹m
undisturbed.
Structure, edifice ómbéÙŽïq óïåi@OkïØ‹m
Format, makeup, @@ñ‡äóiòíŽï’ óïåi@OkïØ‹m
setup

٦٧
Fiscal structure ðîaŠa†@ñómbéÙŽïq ðÜbà@kïØ‹m
Economic structure @@ñŠìíib÷@ñómbéÙŽïq ñ†b—nÔa@kïØ‹m
Coding @@õŠó báŽïè @@ïà‹m
Renovation @Lòìó䆋Ùäòˆüä @@âïà‹m
@@õŒbŽîíä@Lòìó䆋َîíä
Promotion ça‡Žïqìò‹i wîì‹m
Sales promotion @õó’óäbi@LãþÙîŠ pbÉïjà@wîì‹m
ôäón’û‹Ð
Moral obligation @õ‡äóibq@LõŠbØb÷@ôî‡äóibq @@ði†c@ãanÜa
@@HôîbmaìI@õŠbØb÷
Mutual obligation @OõŠü íÜb÷@ôî‡äóibq @@ð܆bjm@ãanÜa
@òŠü íÜb÷@LõŠójäaŠói
@@çìíi‡äóibq
Conditional obligation @LŠa‡uŠóà@ôî‡äóibq @@ð ‹’@ãanÜa
@@õ‡äóibq@óuŠóà
Liability, obligation ô‹qŠói@Lçìíi‡äóibq óïÜìüà@LãanÜa
Mutual obligations @@òŠóìì†@ôî‡äóibq @@ó܆bjnà@pbàanÜa
Recommendation @@óàbä@‡åóq @@HóÜbŠI@óïØm
Rigidity @@õ @o‚ó @@oàm
Counterfeiting @@ìaŠ†@õón‚b @@‡ÕåÜa@‹îìm
Ornamentation, @@òìóä‡äaŒaŠ @@μîm
decoration
٦٨
Enrollmant, @@熋؊bàüm @@Þïvm
registration
Leak, become known, @@熋Ø@òŒ† lč‹m
be disclosed.
Succession, series @@ò−Œ @@ÞÝm
Authoritarianism @@õŠýbOõŠíéÝà @@ÂÝm
Patriarchy @@@õŠýb@ìbïq @@ßbu‹Üa@ÂÝm
Assume, take over/ @@æm‹ Šòì @@âÝm
possession (of)
Delivery @@óm‹ Šòì@Lça‡Žïq@Oônò†aŠ @@âïÝm
(act of) handing over/ @@熋Ø@oò†aŠ âïÝm
delivering by hand.
Political poisoning @@ôbï@ôä‡äa‹èòˆ @@ðbï@âïám
Facilitate, sinplify @@熋Ø@çbb÷ @@Þïém
Facility, means. @@õŠbÙäbb÷ Þïém
Expedite, facilitate. @@ç‡äaìòŠ@L熋ÙïîaŠ ïm@LÞïém
Political settlement @OôîŠbØòŠbš @@óïbï@óîím
@@ôbï@õòìó䆋ØþØóî
Judicial settlement @@ñŠòì†a†@õòìó䆋ØþØóî @@óï÷b›Ô@óîím
Marketing ç‡äaŠaŒbi@LñŠó Š aŒbi Öîím
Politicize @@ç‡äbmóbï @@ïïm
Autopsy (med.) @@Hó’ýI@ñŠbÙŽîím Hór§aI@|î‹“m

٦٩
Protocol @@ßüØümû‹q @@ßíØímì‹i
Operate, make work 熋َïqŠbØ ÞïÍ“m
Formation @@@çbåŽïéÙŽïq @@ÞïÙ“m
Formalize, give @L熋Ø@òïÜbàŠüÐ ÞïÙ“m
definite form (to).
@@ça‡ŽïqòíŽï’
Slander, defame @@ç‡äaŠŒìbä @@é“m
Distortion @@ç‡äaíŽï’ @@êîí“m
Export, send/ dispatch @@熊bä@L熊bäóè ‹î‡—m
abroad.
Ratification, @@ç‡äbnaŠ @@Öm
certification
Authenticate, record/ @@ç‡äbnaŠ@Lça‡ŽïqŠòìbi Öm
certify (documents).
Promulgation @@ç‡äb’òì@Lòìó䆋Øìþi @@si
Meddle/ mess with @@õŠbÙnò† @@Ó‹—m
Act by proxy @õŠbØ@‹m@ôÙŽïóØ@ômbïuóÜ @@óÜbØíÜbi@Ó‹—m
@ônî‹ióÜ@熋؊bØ@Lòì솋Ø
Attitude, conduct, @@ŠbnÐòŠ ÛíÝ@OÓ‹—m
posture.
State, declare, @@熋Ø@a‹Ù’b÷ @@|î‹—m
announce.
Liquidation @@õŠbØìbnØbq@LõŠbØ‹ Ô @@óïÑ—m
Politicking @@õŠómóbï @ßbÍ“äýaI@ïïm
@@HóbïÜbi

٧٠
Refine @@μ䌊bq @|ï’ØI@óïÑ—m
@@HÒïÅåmì
Settlement, clearance @@熋ØìbnØbq @@lb¨a@óïÑ—m
Line up, arrange in a @@熋Ø@îŠ @@ÒïÑ—m
line
Repair @@òìó䆋Ø@Ûbš @@|ïÝ—m
Design @@çb“ŽïØó“‚óä @@âïá—m
(act/ profession of) @@ñŒbó“‚óä âïá—m
disigning/ creating.
Classification @@ç‡äýüq@Lõ‡äójÜüq @@Òïå—m
Voting @@ça‡äò† @@oîí—m
Unanimous vote ôäò†@üØ @@Ëb»ýbi@oîí—m
Affirmative vote @ŽôÜ óiói@LôåŽîŠó÷@ôäa‡äò† @@lb°ýbi@oîí—m
@@@ça‡äò†
Vote by proxy @õ‹ióÜ@Lônî‹iói@ça‡äò† @@@îíÑnÜbi@oîí—m
@@@ça‡äò†
Vote of confidence @@óäbánà@ói@ça‡äò† @@óÕrÜbi@oîí—m
Cast a dissenting vote, @òˆ†@Lça‡äò†@öóäói @@‡›Übi@oîí—m
a no vote
@@ça‡äò†
Vote by @óàbäói@Lóàbäói@ça‡äò† @@@óÝa‹¾bi@oîí—m
correspondence
@@@ça‡äò†
Negative vote @òˆ†@LÆïmóŽïä@ôäa‡äò† @@ðÑåÜbi@oîí—m
@@ça‡äò†

٧١
Vote without debate ça‡äò†@ò‹ÕŽïi @@ó“Ôbåà@çì‡i@oîí—m

Vote by show of @@ça‡äò†@æîÜ óè@oò†ói @@õ‡îýa@ÊЋi@oîí—m

hands
Vote by roll call at the @@@ça‡äò†@μìíäói @öba@óibnÙi@oîí—m
rostrum @@@å¾a@ôÝÈ@μz’‹¾a
Vote by roll call @@@ça‡äò†@çbåŽïèìbä@ói @@öbła@òa†bå·@oîí—m

Vote by "yes" or "no" @@@ça‡äò†@óä@çbî@fÜói@ói @@þi@ìc@âÉåi@oîí—m

Secret ballot @ói@L@ôåŽïéä@ôäa‡äò† @@õ‹@oîí—m

@@ça‡äò†@ôåŽïéä
Voting (ballot) for a @Lça‡äò†@ónïÜ@üi @óá÷bÕÜ@oîí—m
list of candidate @ônïÜ@üi@ça‡äò† @@@μz’‹à
@@çaìaŠíïŽ Ü bq
Voting (ballot) for a @@@ça‡äò†@ÚŽîìaŠíŽïÜ bq@ói @@@‡yaì@|’‹¾@oîí—m
single candidate
Vote, cast a vote, take @@ça‡äò† @À@óØŠb“¾a@Loîí—m
part in election @@lbƒnäýa
Visual (art). @@HŠóäíèI@ôäónî† HæÐI@ñ‹îí—m

Contradiction @Lõˆ‡Äóè@OõŠb؈† @@Ôbåm

@@õŠó ˆ†
Cooperation @@ðØŠó÷ìbè æàb›m

Solidarity @@ôn“qìbè@Lõî‹Øóî @@æàb›m

Inflation @@çbìýóè @@⃛m

Hyperinflation çbìbøÜóè@ò‹Ð @⃛m@L|àbu@⃛m

ËÑà

٧٢
Anticipated inflation @ìa‹Ùïåïj“Žïq@ðäbìbøÜóè kÕm‹à@⃛m
Bandage dress @@熋Ø@Šbáïm @@‡ïá›m
Congruity, conformity @@õŠbØbmìbè @@Öibm
Normalization @@õŠbÙïîbb÷ @@Êïjm
Applications @@熋Ø@fq@ŠbØ@L熋Ø@ò†bïq @@pbÕïjm
Political purging @@ôbï@õìbnØbq @@ðbï@ém
Conditional @@Ša‡uŠóà@õûu @@Ã“à@éÅm
endorsement
Having mutual @@õŒüìbè ߆bjnà@Ò bÉm
sympathy/ affection
Cooperation, mutual @@ŒòìòŠóè@LõŠbØìbè @@çìbÉm
assistance
Co-op @@ñŒòìòŠóè @@óïäìbÉnÜa
Coexistence @@çbîˆòìóÙŽïq@Lôäbîˆìbè @@”îbÉm
Mobilize, bring into @@熋؊bîóm@Lça†Šbîóm óøjÉm
readiness
Packaging òìóåm‹ a† óøjÉm
Filling 熋Ø‹q @óøjÉm
Counting @@熊bàˆ @@†a‡Ém
Polygamy @@ôäˆò‹Ð @@pbuìÜa@†‡Ém
Plurality, pluralism; @@ôäóîý@ò‹Ð@Lôîò‹Ð @@óÉm
adjustement
Amendment @@熋؊aíàóè @@Þî‡Ém

٧٣
Cost of living @Oòìó䆋ÙnaŠ ó“ïɾa@ÒïÜbÙm@Þî‡Ém
adjustment
@ñì훎ïm@ð䆋؊aíàóè
çaŠòŒí
Torture @@ça†ŠaŒb÷ @@kî‰Ém
Tariff óÑîŠbm HóïØ‹áØIóЋÉm
Definition @@óbåŽïq@Lç‡äbbä @@@Òî‹Ém
Protective tariff @ñŽîŠbqü‚@ñóÑîŠbm óï÷b¼@óÑî‹Ém
Condolence, period of @@ó‹q @@óîÉm
mouring, consolation
Abusive, excessive @@óäaŠbÙÝŽï“Žïq @@ðÑÉm
Prejudice @@õ Šbàò†@LõŠbiŠójŽï @@k—Ém
Pursuit, chase @@Šìí°óq@L…aŠü @ìa‹àc@æÈI@kïÕÉm
@@Hbà@öð’
Follow up, track @@çìíša†aì†ói@LæmìóÙåŽîí’ @@HóÝàbÉàI@kïÕÉm
Complication, @@õŠbØŒüÜb÷@LñŒüÜb÷ @@‡ïÕÉm
complexity
Intricacy, complexity. @@ߎ ü íŽî‹ @@‡ïÕÉm
Learning @@çìíi‹ŽïÐ @@âÝÉm
Education, upbriaging @@ò†ŠòìŠóq @@âïÝÉm
Education, schooling @@õŠbØ‹ŽïÐ @@âïÝÉm
Teaching @@熋؋ŽïÐ@Lç‡åŽîí‚ @@âïÝÉm

٧٤
Compulsory education @@ôŽ ÝàòŠûŒ@õŠbØ‹ŽïÐ @@ðàaÜa@âïÝÉm
Co-education @@ߎ óÙŽïm@ôä‡åŽîí‚ @@ÂÝn¬@âïÝÉm
Vocational training @ôä‡åŽîí‚@O熋؋ŽïÐ @@éà@âïÝÉm
@@ôîó“ïq
Premeditation, @@oóÕäó÷ @@‡áÉm
intentional
Generalize, make @@ç‡äbn“ âïáÉm
generally applicable;
speak in general
terms.
Contracting, @@õŠóiónò† @@‡éÉm
contractual
Contract @@oójŽî‹ @@H‡ÕÈI@‡éÉm
Habituate, condition @@çbåŽïèaŠ @@‡îíÉm
Compensate, @@熊a‰i @@îíÉm
reimburse
(act/ process of) @@òìó䆋Ø@ìíiòŠóÔ îíÉm
compensating;
compensation.
Compensation 熊a‰i@LìíiòŠóÔ @îíÉm
Replace @Lòìóåm‹Žïu@Lñ‹ióån‚ Hßa‡jnaI@îíÉm
òìóåîŠü
Key money @@óä⁄ÑÔŠó @@öþ‚hi@îíÉm
Appoint, designate, @@ç‡äaŠŒóàa† @@μïÉm
employ
Radical change @@ôîó“îŠ@ôäaŠü @@ñŠ‰u@ïÍm

٧٥
Political change @@ôbï@ôäaŠü @@ðbï@ïÍm
Ordered change @OôîóàbäŠói@ôäaŠü @@âÅåà@ïÍm
@@ÚŽïqíÙŽîŠ
Minute details @@õŠbØò†Šì óÕïÔ†@Þï–bÑm
Take form, develop, @Lòìóäa‹Ø@LçbÙŠ ŠíéÄ@O|nÑm
unfold.
@@æmìóØŠò†
Search, Check. @@μåÙ“q @@”ïnÑm
House search @@μåÙ“rÜbà @@æÙ¾a@”ïnÑm
Segregation @@õŠbØbïu @@óÔ‹Ñm
Caste system @@ômóîbåïš@ôîŠbØbïu @@óïÕj @óÔ‹Ñm
Systematic @õŒó òŠ@ôîŠbØbïu @óî‹—åÈ@óÔ‹Ñm
discrimination
@@@ôîóàbäŠói @@óáÅåà
(act of) earmarking/ @ŽÞÔó’@L熋Ø@çb‚Šóm ˜ï—¦@O‡î‹Ñm
featuring.
@@熋Ø
Separation @@òìó䆋Øbïu @@Öî‹Ñm
Interpretation, @@òìóäa‡ÙŽïÜ@LóÄaŠ @@Ñm
eiucidation
Decoding @@ç‡äaŒói@†üØ @@HŒíà‹ÜaI@Ñm
Literal Interpretation @@òìóäa‡ÙŽïÜ@óÔò† @@À‹y@Ñm
Broad Interpretation @@òìóäa‡ÙŽïÜ@óåîŠói @@Êaì@Ñm
Preferences õŠb؇åóq@LôäaŒ’biói pþï›Ñm

٧٦
Consumer preferences ŠóiŠbØói@ôîŠb؇åóq ÚÝén¾a@pþï›Ñm
Visit; check, inspect @@òìó䆋؊óói@Lça†Šó @@‡ÕÑm
Break up @@çaŒaÙŽïÜ @@ÚÙÑm
Economic thinking @ñòìó䆋Øi@OŠè ñ†b—nÔa@ÙÑm
ñŠìíib÷
Current thinking @Lòìó䆋Øi@óØìíäóè ñŠbu@ÙÑm
@ñòìó䆋Øi@OŠè
pbØìbè
Creative thinking @LŠóåŽïÕÜí‚@õòìó䆋Øi @@×þ‚@ÙÑm
@@òìó䆋Øi@óåŽïèa†
Viewpoint, belief, @@´“îóŽïm âşéÑm
understanding.
Mutual understanding, @@ôîaŠìbè Û“žà@ÛaŠ†a@LâéÑm
comman perception,
meeting of the mind.
Old technology @LbïuüÜüåØóm@óäüØ ðuíÜíåÙm@ã†bÕm
æî‹Žî†@ñbïuüÜüåØóm
Convergence of @póà‚@ñòìóäìíjÙîåÙŽïÜ pbà‡©a@lŠbÕm
services
çbØóïîŠaŒí
Custom/ usage/ @@la†@LoîŠóä @@‡ïÜbÕm
practice
Political tradition @ônîŠóä@Lôbï@ôia† @@óïbï@‡ïÜbÕm
@@õŠbïàaŠ
Acceptability @@熋؇åóq@LçìíjÜìíjÔ @@ÞjÕm
Progress æmìóÙ“Žïq @ã‡Õm

٧٧
Economic progress ñŠìíib÷@mìóÙ“Žïq ñ†b—nÔa@ã‡Õm
Deference, esteem @@æm‹ ŽîŠ @LçbåŽïÜ@ŽîŠ @@HãayþÜI@‹î‡Õm
Apprecation @@æîŠóÐb÷ @@HÊïv“nÝÜI@‹î‡Õm
Aging @ôä‡ä⁄àó‚@Oç‡ä⁄ióÔ ‹áÉÜa@‹î‡Õm
çóàóm
Budgetary estimation óu†íi@ðä‡ä⁄àó‚ @óïäaï¾a@‹î‡Õm
Estimation ç‡ä†þióÔ@Lç‡ä⁄àó‚ μá¦@L‹î‡Õm
Personal judgements ôóØ@ôä‡ä⁄ióÔ@Oò‡äŒóà @óï—ƒ’@pa‹î‡Õm
Discretionary @@ò‡äŒóàói @@ñ‹î‡Õm
Application, @@熋Ø@•óÙ“Žïq @@âî‡Õm
submission,
presentation
Advancement @@´ƒ“Žïq @@HÞï›ÑmI@âî‡Õm
Rendering of an @@oò†Šói@óån‚@lbïy @@pbib¨a@âî‡Õm
account
Lodging a complaint @@熋ØýbÙ @@õíÙ’@âî‡Õm
To make a remark/ @@ça†@ôåïjŽïm @@óÅyþà@âî‡Õm
observation
To invoke an article @@@Ûóîò††bà@ôä‡äaˆìŠì @ò†bà@Šb›zng@Oâî‡Õm
Report @@pŠüqaŠ @@‹î‹Õm
Interim report @@pŠüqaŠ@óäaíïŽ ä @@HÞ–bÐI@‹î‹Õm
Progress report @@õŠaŒí ŠbØ@ômìòŠ@ômŠüqaŠ @@Šíàÿa@òŠa†a@‹î‹Õm

٧٨
Economic report ñŠìíib÷@ðmŠüqaŠ ñ†b—nÔa@‹î‹Õm
Majority, minority @ômŠüqaŠ@LóåîŠûŒ@ômŠüqaŠ @‹î‹Õm@Lóî‹rØýa@‹î‹Õm
report
@@óåïàóØ @@óïÝÔÿa
Provisional report @ó’ói@LômbØ@ômŠüqaŠ HoÔüàI@ð÷u@‹î‹Õm
@@pŠüqaŠ
Annual report óäłb@ðmŠüqaŠ ñíå@‹î‹Õm
General, monthly, @Lóäbäbà@Lôn“ @ômŠüqaŠ @Lpbî‹é’@LãbÈ@‹î‹Õm
quarterly. Six –
monthly, annual @@óäłb@Lóäłbíïä@LóäaŒŠòì @Lñíå@Ò—ä@LôÝ—Ð
report @@ñíå
Financial report @@ôîaŠa†@ômŠüqaŠ @@¶bà@‹î‹Õm
Industry @ð䆋ْói @ôÝÈ@pbÈbå—Üa@âïÕm
categorisation
On the base of size @ôŽïqói@çbØóïîŒbó“ïq âv¨a@‘bc
òŠbióÔ
Division of labour 熋ْóiŠbØ ÞáÉÜa@âïÕm
International labour @ñŠbØ@ðîŠbÙ’óia† ðÜì‡Üa@ÞáÉÜa@âïÕm
division
ðmóÜìò†íŽïä
Dereliction, neglect @@ôàó‚ŠónàóØ@Lð͎ @@—Õm
Flurry @òìbØbä@L…‹ä@õìbØbä@ôäaŠü @À@Þuýa@—Ô@kÝÕm
…‹ä@ôäaŠü ŠbÉýa
Fluctuations çaŠü @ììŒ pbjÝÕm
Fluctuation in value bèói@ôäaŠü ììŒ @óáïÕÜa@À@pbjÝÕm

٧٩
Shrinkage @@Ûóîóäìíš @@˜ÝÕm
Contraction @@õˆ‹ @Lçìíiˆ‹ @@˜ÝÕm
Old-fashioned, @@ìbjäüØ õ‡ïÝÕm
traditional
Conventionalism @@õŒaí¯bnbi@OõìbjäüØ @@óî‡ïÝÕm
Reduction, cut @çbî@훎ïmI@òìó䆋ÙàóØ @ìa@óÑÝÙÜaI@˜ïÝÕm
@@HòŠbq @@HÎÝj¾a
Reduction of surplus ò‡ŽîŒ@ñòìó䆋ÙàóØ ÷bÑÜa@ÞïÝÕm
Pollution abatement çìíjïq@ñòìóäìíjàóØ tíÝm@ÞïÝÕm
Technicality @@õŒbüåØóm@LõŠóÙïåØóm @@óïåÕm
Codification @@熋ÙäíäbÔói@Lç‡äbäíäbÔ @@μåÕm
Coding @ @熋؆üØ@LõŠó báŽïè @@ïà‹m@LμåÕm
Assessment ç‡äb‚‹ä@Lç‡äbäóÜóè âïïÕm
Restrain of trade ðäb ŠŒbi@ð䆋ÙmüØ òŠbvnÜa@‡ïïÕm
Monetary restrain @ô䆋ÙmüØ@Lòìóånói@ìaŠ† ñ‡Õä@‡ïïÕm
ìaŠ†
Evaluate, appraise @@ç‡äbäóÜóè@Lç‡äb‚‹ä @@âïïÕm
Valuation ç‡äb‚‹ä âïïÕm
Performance @@ç‡äbäóÜóè@õŠbÙïîaŠ @@öa†ýa@âïïÕm
evaluation
Costs çbØòì훎ïm ÒïÜbÙm

٨٠
Start-up costs 熋َïrnò†@ñì훎ïm öa‡niýa@ÒïÜbÙm
Insurance costs óáïi@ñì훎ïm μàdnÜa@ÒïÜbÙm
Labour costs ŠbØ@ñì훎ïm ÞáÉÜa@ÒïÜbÙm
Cost of production çbåŽïéàóèŠói@ñì훎ïm xbnäa@ÒïÜbÙm
Per-unit production @ñóØóî@ñì훎ïm @ÞÙÜ@xbnäa@ÒïÜbÙm
costs
çbåŽïéàóèŠói @ò‡yì
Initial cost @çbØóïîaŠói@òì훎ïm óïÜìa@ÒïÜbÙm
HçbØóïîbmòŠóI
Fixed costs Š ü óä@ñì훎ïm @ónibq@ÒïÜbÙm
Maintenance costs @O´aŠbq@ñì훎ïm @óîb¼@ÒïÜbÙm
õj‚ó Hóäbï–I
Implicit costs Šbî†bä@OòìaŠb’@ñì훎ïm @óïåáš@ÒïÜbÙm
Indirect costs ü‚ìónaŠbä@ñì훎ïm ò‹’bjà@Ì@ÒïÜbÙm
Direct costs ü‚ìónaŠ@ñì훎ïm ò‹’bjà@ÒïÜbÙm
Average costs a‹ÙŽïm@Oð−ìbä@ñì훎ïm óínà@ÒïÜbÙm
Integration @LñŠbØìaìóm@Lç⁄àó‚ ÞàbÙm
õ‡äóiíŽïä
National integration @ôî‡äóiíŽïä@OôåïÝàó‚ @@ðàíÔ@ÞàbÙm
@@ôäbán“ïä
Intensification @@ç‡äbnó‚@LõŠbÙnó‚ @@ÒïrÙm

٨١
Repetition @@òìó䆋Ø@òŠbiìì† @@Ša‹Ùm
(public) tribute, @@ômóîýóàüØ@ôåm‹ ŽîŠ @@ðÈbánua@âî‹Ùm
recognition
Summons, subpoena @@óàbäò†bàb÷ @@Ší›¨bi@ÒïÝÙm
Complement @@@õŠbØìaìóm @@óÝáÙm
Technocracy @@ôma‹ØüåØóm @@óï a‹ÔíåÙm
Technology bïuüÜüåÙm bïuíÜíåÙm
Information ñŠbïäaŒ@ñbïuüÜüåØóm pbàíÝɾa@bïuíÜíåÙm
technology
Technique @@ÚïåØóm @@ÚïåÙm
Form, constitute @@çbåŽïéÙŽïq @@HÒïÜdm@ôåÉ·I@æîíÙm
Adaptation @@æmbèaŠOçb−í @@ÖÐaímOÒčïÙm
Adjustment @Lç‡äb−í @Lòìó䆋ÙnaŠ @LÞî‡Ém@LÒïïÙm
熋؊aíàóè |ïz—m
Wastage æmìóÙØóq@LæmìóØ@ÚÜóØóÜ ÒÝm
Indoctrinate, influence @@熋؋ŽïÐ@Lça†Šè@O‘Šò† @@μÕÝm
Allusion, indirect @@báŽïè |ïáÝm
sign/ indication
Apprentice, pupil @@†‹ b’ @@HÊäb–I@‰ïáÝm
Uniformity @@çìí›ÙŽïÜ@LôØóïäíš @@Þqb¸
Plea for pardon @õaìa†@L熊íi@Ž¶@õaìa† @@íÑÉÜa@‘bánÜa
(clemency)
@@´aíƒn’Œüq@Lμ“‚ói
٨٢
Representation @@ômóîaŠóåŽîíä @@Þïr¸
Diplomatic @@ôbàüÝrî†@ôïmóîaŠóåŽîíä @@ôbàíÝi†@Þïr¸
representation
Political @@ôbï@ômóîaŠóåŽîíä @@ôbï@Þïr¸
representation
Proportional @@ôîò‰ŽîŠ @ôïmóîaŠóåŽîíä @@ä@Þïr¸
representation
Extension, @@òìó䆋Ø@‰ŽîŠ† @@‡î‡¸
prolongation
Mutiny @@ô›ŽïqŠó@LõŠóï‚bî @@†‹¸
Exercise @@Ö’óà @@æ
Expedite, facilitate. @@ç‡äaìòŠ @@ó
Flattering @@熋Ø@ôîaŠóà @@@Öݸ
Legal (lawful) @@aìòŠ@OôÈŠó’@õŠa‡äòìb‚ @@ðÈ‹’@Úݸ
acquisition
@@ç‡äbÙÝà@L熋Ø@ÚÜíà@ói @@Úïݸ
Pave the way (for) @@熋ْüƒŽîŠ @@‡ïé¸
Introductory @@ôîaŠói @@ñ‡ïé¸
Preparatory, @@ôîò†bàb÷ ñ‡ïé¸
preliminary.
Whitewash, varnish @@õŠbÙ’óØììŠ êîí¸
Financing, funding @@ça‡ŽïqòŠbq@Lça†òŠbq @@@Þîí¸
Government finance ðmóàíÙy@ðäa†òŠbq ðàíÙy@Þîí¸
International finance @ðmóÜìò†@íŽïä@ðäa†òŠbq ðÜì†@Þîí¸

٨٣
Public finance “ @ðäa†òŠbq ãbÈ@Þîí¸
Local finance ðÜbàü‚@ñŒŠóÔ@ói@ça†òŠbq óïÝ«@ì‹Ô@Þîí¸
Funding @Lμ“‚ói@òŠbq@Lça†òŠbq âȆLÞîí¸
ÛóàüØ
Yield, relent, cease. @@çìíi@Ša†Šójnò† @@@ߌbåm
Concession, (cact of) @@•Œb ߌbåm
giving in.
Waiver çbåŽïèŒaì@o“îaí‚ói @öbÑÈa@LñŠbïn‚a@ߌbåm
ðÈí
Implied waiver @@@a‹Ù’b÷bä@ôäbåŽïèŒaì @@áš@ߌbåm
Remission of a debt çìíj’ü‚@ŒŠóÔ@OãaìóÜ @@æî‡Üa@æÈ@ߌbåm
Waiver of a right @@æm‹Üóè@Óbà@óÜ@oò† @@Öy@æÈ@ߌbåm
Proportionality @@ôîbmìbè@Lôîò‰ŽîŠ ìbè @@üÐbÙm@Okbåm
Propagation, @@ñ
Ž ŒìaŒ @@Þbåm
reproduction
Conformity, @@õäbØóî ‹Äbåm
correspondence.
Harmony @@õŒaìb÷ìbè@LõŒbìbè @@âÌbåm
Dissonance @@çb−í óä @@‹Ðbåm
Competition, Rivalry @@ôŽ Ø“Žïq@Lñìbšìbè @@@Ðbåm
Contestation @@õŠóibØŠ @@Ðbåm
Contradiction @@ôîbiómbä@LõˆaìòŠói @@Ôbåm

٨٤
Alternation, rotation @LÛóî@õaì†óÜ@Ûóî @@lìbåm
@@ôîaì†ìŠói
Prediction @ïj“Žïq @üjåm
Economic forecasting ñŠìíib÷@ðïåïj“Žïq ñ†b—nÔa@üjåm
Warning @@òìó䆋ØbîŠì @@êïjåm
Leave unresolved/ @@熊bórÜóè @@@Û‹m@Oóïzåm
unsettled
@@HÞy@çì‡iI
Discount @@ç‡äbÙ’a† @@Þîåm
Demotion, @@ç‡äbÙ’a†@óîbq@OóÝq @@óuŠ†@Þîåm
Degradation
Political socialization @ôån“îóŽïq@Oç⁄àó‚ @@óïbï@óø“åm
@@ôbï
Installation, @@çbäa†@Lç‡äaŠŒóàa† @@kï—åm
appointment
Theorization @@ñŒbóàbäŠói@Oçbäa†ŠíŽïm @@Ååm
Organization @@ìa‹ƒÙŽîŠ @@âïÅåm
Organize, arrange @@´ƒÙŽîŠ @@âïÅåm
Regulation, control @@õ‡äójàbÔó @@âïÅåm
Social organization @ômóîýóàüØ@ôî‡äójàbÔó @@ðÈbánua@âïÅåm
Government ômóàíÙy@ôî‡äójàbÔó ðàíÙy@âïÅåm
regulation
Bank regulation Úäbi@ôî‡äójàbÔó À‹—à@âïÅåm

٨٥
Excute discharge @L熋َïuójŽïu ‰ïÑåm
ç‡äaŠóqaŠ@LçbåŽïéŽïuói
Carry out, implement ç‡äaŠóqaŠ ‰ïÑåm
(Job) Transfer @@òìóånaí @@HμÑÄíáÝÜI@pþÕåm
Water purification @@ìb÷@õòìó䆋ÙØbq @@öb¾a@óïÕåm
Weed; select @@熋Ø@Ša‰i @@@|ïÕåm
Punctuation @@ñ‡äójÜb‚ @@ÂïÕåm
Development @熋Øó’ó @LçbÙŠ@Lçaˆa‹Ð @@óïáåm
Develop, promote ´‚@”Žïq@Lça‡Žïqó’ó ã‡Õm@L@óïáåm
Economic ñŠìíib÷@ôäa‡Žïqó’ó @óî†b—nÔa@óïáåm
development
Industrial ñŒbó“ïq@ôäa‡Žïqó’ó @óïÈbå–@óïáåm
development
Sustainable d. @ôäaˆa‹Ð @@óº‡nà@óïáåm
@ãaìò†ŠóiOŠóØíŽï‚ói
@@ãaìò†Šói@õó’ó
Spelling, orthography @@óvåïy@Ló−íy óøvém
Threat @@ó’òŠóè @@‡î‡ém
Escape @LμÄòŠ@Læmýóè @@l‹ém
@@òìóåü‚
Tax evasion æmłóè@xbi@óÜ î‹š@l‹ém
Smuggling @@ônŽï›‚bšbÔ@L…bšbÔ @@kî‹ém
٨٦
Contraband, @@ç‡äbÄòŠ@L熋Øíî†ìb÷ @@kî‹ém
smuggling
Charge, accusation @@póàüm @@óáém
Charge of complicity @OõŠbÙîŠbè@ômóàüm @@ü aínÜa@óáém
@@çìíia‡Žïnnò†
False accusation @Oón‚b@ômóàüm @@òŠìà@óáém
@@ìaójÜóè
Equilibrium @@ôäóìbè @@çŒaím
Stabilization @@æm‹ ŠóäóÜ@LæmbèŠóäóÜ @@çŒaím
Economic equilibrium @ @ñŠìíib÷@ðïäóìbè ñ†b—nÔa@çŒaím
Balance of power @@Žïè@ôïäóìbè @@õíÕÜa@çŒaím
Complicity @õŠbÙîŠbè@Lçìíia‡Žïnnò† @@ü aím
@@Hóqa‹‚@üiI
Aiding and abetting @@óåïjØóî@ôîŠbÙîŠbè @âî‡Õni@ü aím
@@ò‡Èb¾a
Rebuke, repeimand @@o“äòŒŠó @@„ïiím
Tension @@õŒüÜb÷@Lõˆ‹Ø @@‹mím
Strain @@ò‰äóm@L‹ŽïäŒ @@‹mím
Direction, guidance @@ónaŠb÷ @@êïuím
Charge, accuse @@ߎ bqóån‚@póàüm óáém@êïuím
Expansion çìíjäaìa‹Ð Êím

٨٧
Expansionary õŠóäaìa‹Ð ðÉím
Expan, Enlarge @@熋Ùäaìa‹Ð@Lç‡äaìa‹Ð @@Êïím
Recommendation @@ò†ŠbraŠ @@óï–ím
Job description ó“ïq@ôä‡äbbä óåéà@Òï–ím
Appointment, @@ç‡äaŠŒóàa† @@ÒïÄím
employment
Employ, put to use @@熋iŠbØói ßbáÉna@LÒïÄím
Enlightenment @Lça‡îŠbï’üè @@óïÈím
@@òìó䆋؊bï’üè
Saving; Deposit @@pìóØó’bq @@Ðím
Expectation ïj“Žïq@LôäaìŠòìbš ÊÔím
Break, pause @@çbšì @ËbÕäa@OÒÔím
@@HoÔíàI
Signature @@ûˆaì@Oaáï÷ @@ÊïÔím
Arrest, detain @@@æm‹ @@ÒïÔím

٨٨
 t
Revolutionary, rebel @@‹ ïŽ ’Šü’ @@‹÷bq
Fixed @@HíïróšI@ìbróš @@oibq
Fixed ìa‹ÙîŠbî†@LŠü óä †‡«@Loibq
Second @@óØ‹š @@óïäbq
Fortune, wealth @@çbàb @@òì‹q
National wealth ðîòìómóä@ðäbàb @@óïàíÔ@òì‹q
Gap @@æŽïÜóØ @@ò‹Íq
Culture, @@õjØbäììŠ@Lñjå’ûŠ @@óÐbÕq
enlightenment,
intellectuality
Culture, refinement. @@ŠìínÜóØ @@óÐbÕq
Pol. Culture @@ôbï@õŠìínÜóØ @@óïbï@óÐbÕq
Popular culture @@ôÝÝïà@õŠìínÜóØ @@óïjÉ’@óÐbÕq
Sub-culture @@ŠínÜóØ@ý@LŠìínÜóØóåi @@óïÈ‹Ð@óÐbÕq
Trust @@aì‹i @@óÕq
Three – dimentional @@‡äóè@ò‹ïŽ @LŠa‡nŠbi †bÉiÿa@ðqþq
Fruits Šói @ò‹
Price @@…‹ä @@æ

٨٩
Fixed price @@ìbqó@ô‚‹ä @@ì‹Ñà@H‹ÉI@æ
Wholesale price @@üØ@ô‚‹ä@L…‹ä@üØ @@óÝá§a@æ
Cost price @@çì훎ïm@ô‚‹ä @@óÑÝÙÜa@æ
Revolution @@•Šü’ @@òŠíq
Cul. Revolution @@õŠìínÜóØ@ô’Šü’ @@óïÐbÕq@òŠíq
Theocracy @@ôåïîb÷@ôïäa‹áØíy @@óï a‹Ôíïq

٩٠
 x
Reward, prize @@o’a†bq@[płó‚ @@ò÷bu
Tax collector @@@‹ubi @@ðibu@Llbu
University @@bnäaŒ@LüÙäaŒ @@óÉàbu
Profile, side view, @@Šb‚ìŠ@ý@LÞîbÐû‹q @‹éža@Oóïjäbu
contour.
äb§a
Delinquent @@Šbý @@|äbu
First offender @@Šbu@ãóØóî@õŠbý @@ò‹à@ßìý@|äbu
Ready, in line/ @@Œb@LŠbîóm kèdnà@Oèbu
position.
Ignorant, illetrate @@çaŒóä @@@Þèbu
Levy, duty, tax @@xbi ójî‹š
Front, Bloc @@òŠói @@óéju
Battlefront @@Šó’@õòŠói @@ßbnÕÜa@óéju
United National front @ôïäbáïn“ïä@õòŠói @óïå íÜa@óéj§a
@@ìím‹Øóî @@@ò‡yí¾a
Ungratefulness @@ôîóÝr@LôØóàóøŽïi @@†ízu
Aptitude, worthiness. @@ôîónîb’@Lõìbï’ @@@òŠa‡u
Mural, tableu; @@‡äóiŠaíî† óîŠa‡u
depiction, portrayal.

٩١
Argument, debate @@‹ àín“à@LòŠóiìóåŽïi @@ßa‡u
Disputation, @@‹ àín“à@LŽßó›Žï @@߇u
controversy.
Table, schelude. @@ón“‚ @@ßì‡u
Stream @@Hìb÷@õI@ó üu @@Höb¾aI@ßì‡u
Work schedule @@óàbäŠbØ @@ßbáÈa@ßì‡u
Agenda óàbäŠói @ Hwàbä‹iI@ßbáÈc@ßì‡u
Curriculum @@ç‡åŽîí‚@õón“‚ @@@óaŠ‡Üa@ßì‡u
Time table (class @@çbØóŠò†@õón“‚ @@‘슇Üa@ßì‡u
lessons)
Weekly class @@ónÐóè@ôäbØóäaì@õón“‚ @ ‘슇Üa@ßì‡u
Schedule
@@óïÈíjýa
Payroll @@óšíà@ônïÜ @@kmaì‹Üa@ßì‡u
Stock exchange list @@ôŽ ØŠü ìaŠ†@ônïÜ @@ó–ŠíjÜa@ßì‡u
Economic feasibility ñŠìíib÷@ð‚óîbi @óî†b—nÔa@õì‡u
Novel, new. @@ìbibä ÓíÜdà@Ì@O‡î‡u
Worthy, deserving @@ónîb’ @@‹î‡u
Root, source. @@òìbšŠó@LŠò‡Žîˆ HŠ‡—àI@Š‰u
Surgeon @@Œbåî‹i@LŠó Šón’óä @@a‹u
Surgery @@õŒbåî‹i@LõŠó Šón’óä @@óya‹u

٩٢
Flesh wound @@æî‹i@óØìí @@Âïi@‹u
Bullet wound @@óÝÜí @ôåî‹i @@óîŠbä@óÕÝ @‹u
Open wound @@òìa‹Ø@ôåî‹i @@ínÑà@‹u
Inventory @@熋؊bàˆóè@Lõ‹Žïàˆóäa† @@†‹u
Bell @@ÂäòŒ @@‘‹u
Capital offence @@ôØòŠó@ôäaìbm @@ðï÷Š@ã‹u
Crime @@çaìbm @@óº‹u
Portion, share, part @@•ói@Lˆbq öu
In part partial @@ôØó’ói@LôîóšŠbq @@pbï÷§a
Punishment @@a @@öau
Fine, penalty @@óäbäaìbm óàa‹Ì@Löau
At random, @@óäa‹ŽîíØ@Lò‹mü @@ð÷aí“È@LbÐau
Haphazardly
Tribute, polltax @@óäaŠó @@@óîu
Grasp, covetousness. @@ôŽïÝ š@LõŒaí¯aìbq ÊŽ“u
Ž
Covetous, grasping. @@ŽïÝ š@LŒaí¯aìbq Ëbčá @OÊ“u
Geoqraphy @@bïÐa‹ íu @@bïÐa‹Íu
Geopolitics/ pol. @@ÚïnïÜüîüïu @Oóïbï@bïÐa‹Íu
Geography
@@ÚïnÜíiíïu

٩٣
Historical Geogr. @Lðîì쉎ïà@õbïÐa‹ íu @@óﲊdm@óïÐa‹Íu
@@bïÐa‹ íu@@òì쉎ïà
Physical Geogr. @Lôn’ì‹@õbïÐa‹ íu @@óïÉïj @óïÐa‹Íu
@@bïÐa‹ íu@ón’ì‹
Human Geography @óÄû‹à@LÄû‹à@ñbïÐa‹ íu @@óî‹“jÜa@óïÐa‹Í§a
@@bïÐa‹ íu
Manifestation, @@Šb †b÷ ‹éÅà@Löþu
indication.
Sitting, session @@´“ïäa† @@@óÝu
Opening session @Lòìó䆋Ø@ôån“ïäa† @@óïybnnÐa@óÝu
@ôîaŠói@ôån“ïäa†
@@HõbmòŠóI
Closing session @ôîbmüØ@ôån“ïäa† @@ãbn©a@óÝu
Secret session @@@Žïéä@n“ïäa† @@óî‹@óÝu
Emergency session @@ìbØbä@ôån“ïäa† @@ó÷Šb @óÝu
Obvious, manifest. @@a‹Ù’b÷@Lbîí‚ ðÝu
Idea groups @@Ša†Šè@ôqì‹ @Oõû‹ @@ŠbÙÐýa@pbÈb»
Pressure groups @@Šb“Ð@ôqì‹ @Oõû‹ @@ÂÍ›Üa@pbÈb»
Interest groups @ôqì‹ @Oõû‹ @@b—¾a@paˆ@pbÈb»
@@Ša‡î‡äòìòˆŠói
Informal groups @OôØóàòŠ@ôqì‹ @Oõû‹ @@óïŠ@Ì@pbÈb»
@@ôàŠóÐbä

٩٤
Dissenting groups @@ìa‹ia†@ôqì‹ @Oõû‹ @@óÕ“åà@pbÈb»
Organized groups @ôqì‹ @Oõû‹ @@óáÅåà@pbÈb»
@@àbÔó@O‡äójàbÔó
Parliamentary group @ôqì‹ @Oõû‹ @@óïäb¾‹i@óøïèOóÈb»
@@õŠbnäbàóÜŠóq
Collectivism @@õŠó ü @Lõ‡äóiüØ @@óïÈbá§a
The masses @@Šòìbàóu@OçłóàüØ @@èb»
Populace @@ÚÜó‚@ðäłóàüØ @@@kÉ“Üa@èb»
Gathering; collection @@Šüqb÷ @@Ê»
General assembly @@ôn“ @õóÜóàüØ @@óàbÈ@óïÉ»
Wholesale @@ŠóiìŠó @|Ý—áØI@óÝ»
@@Hñ†b—nÔa
Sentence @@ónŠ @|Ý—áØI@óÝ»
@@HñíÍÜ
Mass @@Šòìbàóu @@ò‹é»
Crime, felony @@çaìbm @@óîbåu
Capital offense @@æmóØ @|Ý—áØI@óîbåu
@@HðäíäbÔ
Offence, @@ô›ŽïqŠó@Lòbäí @@ózåu
misdemeanour
Gender @@â‚ím @@åu@OŠ‡åu

٩٥
Soldier @@ŒbiŠó @@ñ‡åu
Race @@†aˆóä @@åu
Nationality certificate @@óàbåmóÜìò†@Lóàbåïmłììbè @@óïåu
Nationality, @@õŠbî‡ŽîŒ óå aíà@Oóïåu
citizenship.
South @@Ší’bi @@líåu
Megalomania @õŠa†aìóè@OŽônŽï’@òŠìó @@óáÅÉÜa@çíåu
@@ôîòŠìó
foetus @@óàóÜìb÷@Lq @@μåu
Apparatus, system @@ãa‡äó÷üØ@Lón’Š @@H @|Ý—áØI@Œbéu
Establishment @@b Œò† @@HóüàI@Œbéu
Carrier, transmitter. @@Šò‹Žïä@LòìòŠòŽîí ßbŠa@Œbéu
Urinary system @@ïà@õón’Š @@ðÜíjÜa@Œbé§a
Reproductive system @@eŒìaŒ@Oóšòì@õón’Š @@ðÝbånÜa@Œbé§a
Respiratory system @@óbäóè@õón’Š @@ðÑånÜa@Œbé§a
S. of government @@ðäa‹áØíy@õb Œò† óàíÙ¨a@Œbéu
State machinery @@póÜìò†@õb Œò†@ @@óÜì‡Üa@Œbéu
Trousseau @@ôåŽïØìíi@ôîŒbïu @@‘ì‹ÉÜa@Œbéu
Nervous system @@Šbàò†@ôàa‡äó÷üØ@õón’Š @@@—ÉÜa@Œbé§a

٩٦
Digestive system. @@‘Šóè@ôàa‡äó÷üØ â›a@Œbéu
Blood circulation @ôàa‡äó÷üØ@Oón’Š @@ã‡Üa@çaŠì†@Œbéu
system
@@æŽîí‚@õòìóäaŠìí
Machinery/system @@ânï@Ob Œò† @@ãbÅä@OŒbéu
Aspect, Direction; @@ý @@óéu
side
Party @@çóîý @@HóïbïI@óéu
Licencer. @Šò‡à†ì@Lõ‹Žïà†ì@HôäóîýI òïvžà@óéu
Authority that gives @@Šò‡móÜüà@HôäóîýI òïvžà@óéu
leave / permission
@@
Liscencer, person/ @@Šò‡äbšì ó—‚‹Žà@Lòïvžà@óéu
authority that gives
liscence.
Effort @@”’üØ @@‡éu
Aura, atmosphere @@•óØ íu
Response, answer @@ãłòì @@laíu
Passport @@óàbäŠòŒí @LpŠüqbóq @@‹Ñ@Œaíu
Traveler, roving, @@ò‡îŠó @@@ßaíu
itinerant
Ghetto. @@ünŽï @@ínïu
Good @@@•bi @@‡ïu
Very good @@•biŠûŒ @@a‡u@‡ïu
Army, troops @@bqí @@”ïu
Generation. @@lbiòŠói @@Þä@LÞïu
٩٧
 
Wants oîì@Lôäóàónîì @pbuby
Basic needs @çbØóïïmòŠóåi@ónîì @óïba@pbuby
Unlimited wants çbØòŠìíåŽïi@ónîì ò†ì‡«@Ì@pbuby
Insatiable wants çbØò‹Žïmbä@ónîì @êÉj“à@Ì@pbuby
Need oîìa‡Žïq @óuby
Obstacle, hindrance @@oóiŠói@LŠóràóÜ @@uby
Guard, watchman @@çaìóbq @@‘Šby
Receiver @@õŠòì†a†@ôäaìóbq @@ð÷b›Ô@‘Šby
Calculator Ûû‹Žïàˆ @ójby
Definitive, conclusive @@òìòŠóØþØóî âby
Periphery @@ŽîìaŠóq@LŠbäóØ @@óï’by
Footnote, margin @@kŽïnØ@õŠbäóØ@LŽîìaŠóq @@lbnÙÜa@óï’by
Present, at hand @@ò†bàb÷ @@‹šby
Edge @@ŠaíŽïÜ@LÏaŠóÔ@LŠbäóØ @@óÐby
Incentive, @@Šò‡äbè@LŠóåÜbq Ûş‹zžà@OÐby
inducement.
Pursuant/ following… @@Hìa‹ìíäI@õaì†ói@aì† @@HbåibnÙi@bÔb¨aI@×b¨a
Judge @@Šòì†a†@LŠb؆a† @@âØby

٩٨
Civil status @@HôäbnŠb’I@õŠbi @@óï䇾a@óÜb¨a
Status quo @@ôîóØìíäóè@ObnŽï÷@õŠbi @@óåèaŠ@óÜby
Case (study/ example/ @@ìa†ììŠ@LîóØ óÜby
proceeding, etc.).
Stockholder Ú“q@çòìb‚@LŠa‡Ù“q âé@Þàby
Garrison @@ó ŒbiŠó @@óïàby
Store, shop; canteen @@çbØì† @@píäby
School canteen @@@ó ‹ŽïÐ@ôäbØì† @@ðŠ‡à@píäby
Determinism @@õŠómóè@LôîìíiŠóè @@óïány
Encouragement @@ça‡äbè @@sy
Quarantine @@ðÙ“îq@î‹ia† @@ðz—Üa@‹v¨a
Restraint; @@òìóäa‡Ý @@@vy
confinement
seizure @@æm‹ aŠóói@oò† @@vy
Volume @@òŠbióÔ@LoŠbi @|Ý—àI@âvy
@@Hð‡åè
Volume of trade ðäb ŠŒbi@ñòŠbióÔ òŠbvnÜa@âvy
Optimum size ðîóäìí¹@ñòŠbióÔ Þràa@âvy
Limit, margin @@@ò†aŠ @@‡y
Limit Šìíå @†ì‡y@L@‡y

٩٩
Line of credit @@ça‡Žïqaì‹i@ñò†aŠ çbán÷a@‡y
Margin of 熋iŠbØói@ñò†aŠ Ûþénýa@‡y
consumption
New frontier @õ†óyŠó@Oeíä@õŠìíå @@‡î‡§a@‡¨a
@@õŽ íä
Line of credit ça‡ŽïqŒŠóÔ@ñò†ađŠ ÒïÝm@‡y
Margin of profit wäaŒbÔ@ñò†aŠ |i‹Üa@H”àbèI‡y
Modernism @@õŒa탎îíä @@óqa‡y
Event, happening @@ìa†ììŠ @@t‡y
Intuition @ñ‹îˆ ‘‡y
Feeling oóè HŠíÉ’I@L@‘‡y
Boundary, frontier, @@lìí¦@LŠìíå@O†óyŠó @@†ì‡y
Border
Marginal ñŽîìaŠóq@Lðîò†aŠ ð“àbèL@ñ‡y
School garden @@@ó ‹ŽïÐ@õó›‚bi @@óïŠ‡¾a@óÕa
Deletion @@熋iý@Oòìóåî‹ @@Ó‰y
Watch, guard @LôäbÄò‹ŽîŒ@Lõ‹Žî†ìbš @@óa‹y
@@ôäaìóbq
Sequestration @@õŠòì†a†@ôî‹Žî†ìbš @@óï÷b›Ô@óa‹y
War @@Âäóu@OŠ ó’ @@l‹y
Price war …‹ä@ñŠó’ ŠbÉa@l‹y

١٠٠
Cold war @@†Šb@õŠó’ @@ò†Šbi@l‹y
Trade war ðäb ŠŒbi@ñŠó’ óîŠb¤@l‹y
Blitzkrieg @@ìbØbä@Oõ‹qínØ@õŠó’ @@óÑ b‚@l‹y
Civilwar @@ü‚ìbä@õŠó’ @@óïÝ‚a†@l‹y
Psychological @@ôäìŠò†@Oõìbäóè@õŠó’ @@óïÑä@l‹y
warefare
Trade, line of work/ @@õŠbÙmbÉå@Ló“ïq óЋy
business.
Trader; merchant. @@ŠbÙmbÉå@OŠó ó“ïq À‹y
Artisan, craftsman @@bnòì@LŒbó“ïq@LŠòìó“ïq @@À‹y
Separatist movements @@òìóäìíibïu@ôÄai @@ßb—Ñäa@pbØ‹y
Political movements @@ôbï@ôÄai @@óïbï@pbØ‹y
Mass Political @@õŠòìbàóu@ôïbï@ôÄai @óïbï@pbØ‹y
movements
@@óîèb»
Movement, motion. @@óÜìíu@LŽï‚b÷ óØ‹y
Motion, action; @@μÅÜ óØ‹y
movement.
Green movement @@Äai@óÙóØ @@‹›©a@óØ‹y
Market fluctuation @@ŠaŒbi@ôÜüu@ì@âu @@×íÜa@óØ‹y
Labor movements @@çaŠbÙŽî‹Ø@ôÄai @@óïÜbáÉÜa@óØ‹¨a
Civil liberties @OôàŠóÐbä@ôî†aŒb÷ @@óïä‡à@pbî‹y
@@ôäbnŠb’
١٠١
Freedom @@õ†aŒb÷ @@óî‹y
Freedom of trade ðäb ŠŒbi@ðî†aŒb÷ @òŠbvnÜa@óî‹y
Freedom of @@æî‹iŠò†@ôî†aŒb÷ @@jÉnÜa@óî‹y
expression
Privacy right @@ômójîbm@Oôèbäóm@ôÐbà @@ó–b©a@óa
Press freedom @@ôäaìóàbäˆûŠ@ôî†aŒb÷ @@@óÐbz—Üa@óî‹y
Freedom of worship @@μîb÷@O´Šóq@ôî†aŒb÷ @@ò†bjÉÜa@óî‹y
Freedom of thought @@Šè@Oòìó䆋Øi@ôî†aŒb÷ @@‹ÙÑÜa@óî‹y
Freedom of speech/ @@æmìb‚b÷@ôî†aŒb÷ @@ãþÙÜa@óî‹y
expression
Freedom of @@æî‹iŠò†@ôî†aŒb÷ @@jÉnÜa@óî‹y
Right of domicile @@óåï“ä@ôî†aŒb÷ @@æÙ¾a@óî‹y
Freedom of @@ôäaìóïn’óØ@ôî†aŒb÷ @@óyþ¾a@óî‹y
Navigation
Eager, desirous @@Šìí@LŠómóè @@˜î‹y
Fire; conflagration @@‹ b÷@Lçbmìí @@Öî‹y
Party @@lïy@OômŠbq @@ly
Labor party @@ŠbØ@ômŠbq @@ßbáÉÜa@ly
Single party @@lïy@óØbm @@‡yaíÜa@ly hg
Bunch, batch, heap. @LòŒŠí @LòŠaìónò† óày
@@Ûónói

١٠٢
Account @@õŠbØŠbàˆ@Llbïy@LŠbàˆ @@lby
Official reserve Ûò†óî@ðïàŠóÐ@ñŠbàˆ ðŠ@ð bïnya@lby
account
Saving account pìóØó’bq@ñŠbàˆ Šb‚†a@lby
Profit and loss çbîŒ@öwäaŒbÔ@ñŠbàˆ ‹÷b‚ì@biŠa@lby
account
Current account @@ìaŠó @OÛûŠó @õŠbàˆ @@ñŠbu@lby
Final account @@ôîbmüØ@õŠbàˆ @@Hð÷béäI@ðàbn‚@lby
Accounts payable òìóäa†ŒŠóÔ@ñŠbàˆ æ÷a†@lby
Capital account óîbàŠó@ñŠbàˆ ßb¾a@‘aŠ@lby
Accounts receivable ŠaŒŠóÔ@ñŠbàˆ æî‡à@lby
Joint account •óiìbè@ñŠbàˆ Û“à@lby
Bank account @@ôÙäbi@õŠbàˆ @@À‹—à@lby
Open account òìa‹Ø@ñŠbàˆ ínÑà@lby
Deposit account @@熊br@õŠbàˆ @@Ê÷a†ì@lby
Calculating 熊bàˆ @@H‡ÈI@Llby
Accountancy, @@õŠbØŠbàˆ @@pbiby
arithmetic
Sensitive, readily @LÛbånóè@LŠòínóè óïby@ìˆ@O‘bčy
affected
@@Šbïnóè
Sound judgement @@õ‹îˆ @@óÐb—y

١٠٣
Good manners @@@ôn’ìò‹Øbq @@ÛíÝÜa@æžy
Crowd @@òŠüqb÷@Lÿb−óu @@‡“y
Insect, bug @@Œó óà@Lì‹Žïà @@@ò‹“y
Bark, shell. @@ÞŽ ÙŽîím @@ò‹“Ô
Stuff, pack @@μå‚b÷ @@HŠ‡—àI@í“y
Blockade @@ûŠbàó @LóÔìíÝib÷ @@Šb—y
Immunity (diplomatic, @@ñ‡äóiŽîŠbq óäb—y
deputies, etc).
Diplomatic immunity @@ôbàüÝrî†@õŽîŠbq @@óïbàíÝjî†@óäb—y
Share, Portion @@•ói@LÚ“q @@HâéI@ó—y
Accumulated dividend ìíióØóÜóØ@ð−aŒbÔ@ó’ói óÉávnà@biŠc@ó—y
Accrued dividend @Oæm‹ Šòì@ð−aŒbÔ@ó’ói óÕznà@biŠc@ó—y
@òŠüä
Cash dividend óåïn‚óä@ð−aŒbÔ@ó’ói óî‡Õä@biŠc@ó—y
Import quotas 熊ìbè@ô’ói@ObmüØ †ana@˜—y
Export quotas 熊bäóè@ð’ói@ObmüØ ‹î‡—m@˜—y
Market shares Š aŒbi@ô’ói@OôÙ“q ×í@˜—y
Civilization @@õŠbîˆ@OônŽïäbnŠb’ @@òŠb›y
Civil, well-behaved. @@ôäbnŠb’ ç‡ánà@OñŠb›y

١٠٤
Presence @Lôîò†bàb÷@Lçìíiò†bàb÷ @@Ší›y
@@çìíióè
Debris, rubble. @@íŽïš@ì@Łš@Lì솊óq@ì@Ša† ãbžy
Wreckage.
Squad (mil.) @@ónò† @@@òÅy

Excarator, digger @@óäóÙÜóè@LŠóÜüØ @@ŠbÑy

Memorization @@熋Ø@ŠóióÜ @@ÆÑy

Filing @@æm‹Üóè @@H×aŠìýaI@ÆÑy

Peacekeeping @@õŽîŠbrïn’b÷ @@ãþÜa@ÆÑy

Party @@Âäóèb÷ @@@óÝÑy

Ball @@ãŒói @@@óÝÑy

Opening ceremony @@òìó䆋Ø@ðäóèb÷ @@bnnÐa@óÝÑy

Eulogistic ceremony @@ó‹q@LóîŒbm @@óïåïidm@óÝÑy

commemorative
ceremony
Commencement @@çì횊ò†@ðäóèb÷ @@x‹¦@óÝÑy
exercise
Grardchild @@òìóä @@H†bÑycI@‡ïÑy

Right, pririlege @@Óbà @@Öy

Eminent Domain @@@ôn“ @ôä‡äbÙÝà@Àbà @@ãbÉÜa@Ûþánýa@Öy

Copyright @@μìíä@ôÐbà @@ÒïÜdnÜa@Öy

١٠٥
Right to sue @aìa†@õòìó䆋،Šói@Àbà @@ðÈa‡nÜa@Öy
@@@HÚŽïóØŠóóÜI
Licensing right @@õŠa‡à†ì@Àbà @@˜ï‚Üa@Öy
Right to vote @@ça‡äò†@ôÐbà @@oîí—nÜa@Öy
Right to privacy @@õ‡äó¸ójîbm@ôÐbà @@óï–í—©a@Öy
Right of option @@熊a‰jÜóè@Àbà @@Šbï©a@Öy
Sovereignty rights @@õŠòìŠó@ôÐbà @@ò†bïÜa@Öy
Transit @@æîŠórŽïm@ôÐbà @@ŠíjÉÜa@Öy
Freedom of speech @@æmìb‚b÷@O熋ØóÔ@Àbà @@ãþÙÜa@Öy
Right of @@ðbï@ôîŠóibäóq@Àbà @@ðbïÜa@öívÝÜa@Öy
politicalAsylum
Property rights @@ômóîbÙÜíà@ôÐbà @@óïÙݾa@Öy
Copyright @”‚óq@Oòìó䆋Øì⁄i@Àbà @@‹“åÜa@Öy
Right of self de @@μìíäü‚@õòŠbš@Àbà @@—¾a@‹î‹Õm@Öy
termination
Political right @@ðbï@Àbà @@ðbï@Öy
Right to be free @@çìíi†aŒb÷@ôÐbà @@óa@À@Öy
Civilright @@ônŽïäbnŠb’@OÞïÅï@Àbà @@ôä‡à@Öy
column @@çìín @@ÞÕy
Sphere, slot @@óäb‚ @@ÞÕy

١٠٦
Field @@@óÝïŽ Ø @@HóÈŠàI@ÞÕy
Guinea Pig @@óäíàŒó÷ @@lŠb¤@ÞÕy
Oilfield. @@çłómìóä ÂÑä@ÞÕy
Farm, ranch, @@ón“Ø óÈŠà@OÞÕy
plantation
Preferential right @@ôàó“Žïq@OôÐbà @@óïÝ›Ðýa@×íÕy
Exclusive rights @@pójîbm@ôÐbà @@ó–b‚@×íÕy
Substantive rights @@õ††bà@OŠa†óîbà@ôÐbà @@óî†bà@×íÕy
Diplomatic Pouch @@ôbàüÝrî†@ônüq @@óïbàíÝi†@ójïÕy
Portfolio @@õŠaŒòì@ônüq @@óîŠaŒì@ójïÕy
Reality, actuality, @@ônaŠ@LÊïÔaì ÊÔaì@LOóÕïÕy
true/ factual basis.
Actual @LpòŠóåi@LóåïÔónaŠ ðÝÉÐ@LôÕïÕy
ðîò†‹Ø
Political rulers @@ôbï@ôäa‹áØíy @@çíïbï@ãbÙy
Arbitrator; referee @@çaíî‰iìbä @@@âÙy
Judge, umpire @@çbÄòŠói @@âÙy
Incidental judgement @@ôØòìý@õŠbî‹i @ðšaÈa@âÙy
@@HðÈ‹ÐI
Rule by the people @@ßó @ôáØíy @@kÉ“Üa@âÙy
Parliamentary gov.t. @@ôäbàóÜŠóq@ôáØíy @@ðäb¾‹i@âÙy

١٠٧
Home rule @@õŠbn‚íà†í‚@ôáØíy @@ðmaˆ@âÙy
Local-self- @OôÜbàü‚@ôîŠbn‚íà†í‚ @@ðÝ«@ðmaˆ@âÙy
government
@@ôŽïuíŽïä
Judgement, decision @@Šbî‹i @@HŠa‹ÔIâÙy
Sub-government @@bmóåi@ôïäa‹áØíy @@óïÈ‹Ð@pbàíÙy
Comparative gov.t. @@Šb؆ŠìaŠói@ôïäa‹àíÙy @@óäŠbÕà@pbàíÙy
Government @LpóàíÙy@Lñà @@óàíÙy
@@ôäa‹áØíy
Coalition Govt. @@@ô’óiìbè@ðmóàíÙy @@@óïÐþn÷a@óàíÙy
National Unity Govt. @ðïnŽïØóî@ðmóàíÙy @@ ì@†b¥a@óàíÙy
@@@ôäbán“ïä
Majority government @@óåîŠûŒ@ômóàíÙy @@óïjÝÌa@óàíÙy
Party government @@lïy@ômóàíÙy @@óïiy@óàíÙy
Theocracy @ôïäa‹áØíy@OômóàíÙy@ @@óïåî†@óàíÙy
@@ôåîb÷
Federal Govt. @@ôÜaŠ‡ïÐ@ðmóàíÙy @@@óïÜaŠ‡ïÐ@óàíÙy
Big government @óÜóØ@LóióÔ@ômóàíÙy @@õØ@óàíÙy
@@póàíÙy
Governmental @@ômóàíÙy@Oñà @@ðàíÙy
Political solution @@ôbï@õŠóòŠbš @@ðbï@Þy

١٠٨
Compromise, happy @Oñ‡äòìbä@õŠóòŠbš @@Âì@Þy
medium
@@ñ‡äòìbåàbà
Political arena @ôäbqòŠü @Oôäa‡îóà @@óbïÜa@ójÝy
@@póbï
Alliance @@ôäbºóqìbè @@@ÒÝy
Oath, (taking the oath) @@‡åŽîí @@HμáïÜaI@ÒÝy
North Atlantic Treaty @ôÙïnäþmó÷@ôïäbºóqìbè @@ðÝ ÿa@ßbá“Üa@ÒÝy
Organization (NATO)
@@ŠìíØbi
Anzus @ôìíäbïÔü÷@ôïäbºóqìbè @@ñ†ba@Âïa@ÒÝy
@@õ†bè
Nato @@ümbä@ôïäbºóqìbè @@ímbåÜa@ÒÝy
Warsaw Treaty @@ü’Šaì@ôïäbºóqìbè @@íŠaì@ÒÝy
Link, circle/ band (of @@óäŒbi@LóÕÜó÷@Lìó @@óÕÝy
people)
Missing Link @@çì@õò−Œ@OóÕÜó÷ @@ò†íÕѾa@óÕݨa
Seminar @@ŠbåïáŽï@Lßí‚ @@óïaŠ†@óÕÝy
Vicious Circle @@ߎ bmói@õóäŒbi @@óÌ‹Ñà@óÕÝy
Link, connection. @@oói@LóÕÜó÷ HÂiŠI@óÕÝy
Protectionism @@õŒaíƒånaŠbq @@óï÷bá¨a
Personal Protection @@ñŽîŠbräóm @@@óï—ƒ“Üa@óîbá¨a
Overload @@ŠbiŠó@LŠbiò†bîŒ @@‡îanà@Þ¼

١٠٩
Election campaign @@熊a‰jÜóè@ðmóáÜóè @@óïibƒnäa@óݼ
Cargo, load ðîbŠíÔ@LŠbi óÜí¼
Trouble-free, safe @@ó“ŽïØ@òŠìì†@LõòíŽïi ‡ï¼
Recent events/ @@ìa†ììŠ@Lpbé“Žïq t†aíy
developments.
Tax incentives Šò‡äbèóubi óïjî‹š@Ðaíy
Postal money order @@ónüq@õóäaìòŠ@LóÜaìóy @@@óî‡î‹i@óÜaíy
Bank draft @óÙäbi@LðÕäbi@ñóÜaìóy óïЋ—à@óÜaíy
óäaìòŠ
Remittance ìaŠ†@õóäaìòŠ Hóî‡ÕäIóÜaíy
Possession @@ôäìíióè@LõŠa‡nò† @@òŒbïy
Trickster @@ŒbjÝïŽ Ð @@ßbčïy
Precaution @@ôîbîŠì @@óïy
Trick, fraud @@õ @LŽÞïŽ Ð @@@óÝïy

١١٠
 …
End, completion @@ôîbmüØ @@@ó¸b‚
Servant (personal, @@ŠóØüä @@ã†b‚
domestic)
Abroad,overseas çbØbîŠò‡’bq@Oo“q ŠbzjÜa@öaŠìbà@L@xŠb‚
Lawbreaker, outlaw @@æŽîŒói@çìíäbÔ@LæŽïÙ’@bbî @@çíäbÕÜa@ôÝÈ@xŠb‚
External @@ðØòŠò† @@@ðuŠb‚
Map @@@ó“‚óä @@@ó Šb‚
Special, particular; @@pójîbm @@™b‚
specific
Abductor @@æŽïÐŠ @@Ò b‚
Experience @@ôîaŒòŠb’ @@@ò‚
Expert, specialist @@aŒòŠb’ @@j‚
Legal expect @@ôäìíäbÔ@õaŒòŠb’ @@ðäíäbÔ@j‚
Financier @@‘båïîaŠa† @@ðÜbà@j‚
Seal @@Šüà @@ân‚
Official seal @@ôàŠóÐ@õŠüà @@ðŠ@ân‚
Swindler, cheat, @@Šò†íî‹Ð@L
 Ü üÔ Ëa‡‚
charlatan.
Mislead, dupe @@ça†íî‹Ð@Lç‡äbmóÜó‚@ÿóè @@ˇ‚

١١١
Rob/ swidle (s.o of s. @@õ @Oça†íî‹Ð ”Ì@Oˇ‚
th), cheat.
Services @õłbØI@ñŠaŒímóà‚ @Ì@ÊÝÜaI@pbà‡‚
Hôîò†bàbä H@óî†b¾a
Essential services @ðîŠaŒí @póà‚ @óïba@pbà‡‚
ôîóåï›åi@OðmòŠóåi
Health service @ôîŠaŒímóà‚ @@óïz–@pbà‡‚
@@@ôn슇äóm
Public services “ @ðîaŒímóà‚ @óàbÈ@pbà‡‚
Service, tenure @@póà‚@LòˆaŠ @@óà‡‚
Service (s) õŠaŒímóà‚ Hpbà‡‚Ióà‡‚
Compulsory service @OðŽ ÝàòŠûŒ@ômóà‚ @@@óîŠbjuýa@óà‡©a
@@ôºŒìóm
University service @OôîüÙäaŒ@ðmóà‚ @@óïÉàb§a@óà‡©a
@@ôîbnäaŒ
Military service @@ñŒbiŠó@õòˆaŠ @@@óî‹ÙÉÜa@óà‡©a
Active service @@ôîò†‹Ø@OaŠbØ@õòˆaŠ @@óïÝÉÑÜa@óà‡©a
Juristice service @@õŠòì†a†@ðmóà‚ @@óï÷b›ÕÜa@óà‡©a
Civil service @@ôäò†óà@OõŠbîˆ@ðmóà‚ @@óåa@óà‡©a
Violation, breach @@熋ÙÝŽï“Žïq @@׋‚
Violation (breach) of @@bbî@OçìíäbÔ@ô䆋ÙÝŽï“Žïq @@çíäbÕÜa@׋‚
the law

١١٢
Flagrant (gross) @@a‹Ù’b÷@ô䆋ÙÝŽï“Žïq @@…Šb–@׋‚
violation
Abuse, violation. @†ói@LõŠbÙÝŽï“Žïq ßbáÉna@òöba@O׋‚
@@çbåŽïèŠbØói
Stock ìaÜóè@ðØó æî‚
Inventory ìaÜóè@Lìa‹ØŠbjàó÷ çì¬@L@æî‚
Treasury @@óåï−ó @OóåŽîŒó‚ @@óåî‚
Public treasury @Lðïn“ @ñóåîŒó‚ @óàbÈ@óåî‚
“ @ñóåï−ó
Features çbØòŠb‚ìŠ@LçbØómóÝó‚ ˜÷b—‚
Characteristics çbØóïî‡äó¸ójîbm HpaïàI@@˜÷b—‚
Contestant, rival. @@ŠóibØŠ â—‚
Discount ç‡äbÙ’a† â—‚
Public prosecutor @@ôn“ @õŠbØaìa† @öbȆýa@LãbÉÜa@â—©a
@@ãbÉÜa
Trade discount ðäb ŠŒbi@ðä‡äbÙ’a† ñŠb¤@â—‚
Export rebates @ó䆊bä@L熊bä@ðä‡äbÙ’a† ‹î@‡—m@â—‚
ç‡äbÙ’a†
Bank discount @óÙäbi@LðÕäbi@ðä‡äbÙ’a† À‹—à@â—‚
ç‡äbÙ’a†
Cash discount @Oóåïn‚óä@ðä‡äbÙ’a† ñ‡Õä@â—‚
õìaŠ†

١١٣
Peculiar, Private, @@pójîbm @@ð–í—‚
Special
The Equator. @@õìòŒ@õóåŽïn“q@OòŠóàóØ @@öaínýa@‚
Speech, statement; @@Šbmí @@lb‚
discourse
Letter of credit óàbäóäbánà †@bánÈa@lb‚
Letter of guarantee óàbä@ónàŠbi çbáš@lb‚
Speech, public sddress @@çaì† @@@ój‚
Plan, scheme @@ó“‚óä âïá—m@Oó‚
Danger, risk @@ð‹móà @@‹‚
Abduction @Oça†íî‹Ð@ói@æmìóØìì†òŠ @@öaíÌfibi@Ò‚
@@æmìóØìì†òŠ@òíî‹Ð
Step (of distance @@ìbäóè@LìbÔó’ òí‚
covered).
Peacher; speaker. @@Šò‰Žïi@L‰Žïjäaì† @@kï‚
Fearful, alarming @@Ûbå‹m @@@‚
Watch, sentry, guard. @@çbÄò‹ŽîŒ ‹Ñ‚
Summary, synopsis @@ón‚íq @@@ó–þ‚
Note, letter @@óàbä @@lb‚
(commereial, bank)
Gist, brif @@ón‚íq@LómŠíØ @@ó–þ‚
Blend, mixture. @@ߎ óÙŽïm @|Ý—áØI@ÂÝ‚
@@HñìbïáïØ
١١٤
Background, setting. @@çbƒ’bq óïÑÝ‚
Gulf @@ìa‡äóØ @@wïÝ‚
Bay, inlet, estuary. @@óØìa‡äóØ wïÝ‚
Option, choice; @@ôÙ“qŠó@Lò†Ša‰i @@Šbï‚
alternative.

١١٥
 †
Circulating/ rotating/ @@òìaŠó ßìa‡nà@O‹÷a†
capital/ account, etc.).
Office, dept, bur. @LóäbàŠóÐ@L@óåïíä @@@ò‹÷a†
@@òŠóîa†
Circle @@HòŒa‡äó÷I@óäŒbi@LÌíu @@Hóï‡åèI@ò‹÷a†
Area of Jurisdiction @õŠbàó @OŠaíi @@™b—n‚a@ò‹÷a†
@@Žî‡äó¸ójîbm
Securiy department @@”îbb÷@õóäbàŠóÐ @@æàýa@ò‹÷a†@
Zodiac (sign/ @@íÜóØ xÜa@ò‹÷a†
systeam) (astr.).
Post office @@óäb‚ónüq @@@‡îÜa@ò‹÷a†
Office of mail, @ì@ónüq@õóäbàŠóÐ @×Üaì@‡îÜa@ò‹÷a†
telegraph and
telephone @@çüÐóÜóm@ì@Óa‹ óÜóm @@çíÑÝnÜaì
Parcel post @@óäbƒØónói @@㌋Üa@ò‹÷a†
Land registry office @@üqbm@õóäbàŠóÐ @@
Encyclopedia @@bî‡ïqüÝÙîbåï÷ @@ÓŠbɾa@ò‹÷a†
Census office/ Bureau @õòŠóîa†@OóäbàŠóÐ @@‘íÑåÜa@ò‹÷a†
@@ñ‹ŽïàˆŠó
Electoral District @@熊a‰jÜóè@õóÙåi @@óïibƒnäa@ò‹÷a†
Circuit court @@õŠòìa†@õóäbàŠóÐ @@@óï÷b›Ô@ò‹÷a†

١١٦
Creditor Šò‡àaì@LŠò†ŒŠóÔ Hæî†@kyb–Iæ÷a†
Internal @@ôîü‚ìbä@LðØòìbä @@ðÝ‚a†
Interior @@ü‚ìbä @@óïÝ‚a†
Orphanage @@óäb²íŽï@Lóäb‚íïmóè @@ãbnîýa@Ša†
City Hall @@ôäaìòŠb’@õb òŠbi@Oçaíî† @@óî‡ÝjÜa@Ša†
Home for the aged @LómìóÙØóq@õóäb‚ @@@òvÉÜa@Ša†
@@óäbƒnÐóäóØ
Insane asylum @@óäbƒnŽï’ @@kîˆba@Ša†
Teachers college @õ‰ŽïÜüØ@Oóäb‚bnüàbà @@μáÝɾa@Ša†
@@çbîbnüàbà
Rural teachers college @@@Žñ†ý@õóäb‚bnüàbà @@óïÑî‹Üa@μáÝɾa@Ša†
Higher teachers @@łbi@õóäb‚bnüàbà @@óïÜbÉÜa@μáÝɾa@Ša†
college
Publishing house @@óäbƒ“‚óq ‹“åÜa@Ša†
Recovery room @@óäaˆíi @@óèbÕåÜa@Ša†
Document office @LóàbäóÜói@õóäb‚ @@Ö÷bqíÜa@Ša†
@@óäb‚óÜói
Maternity hospital/ @@óäbƒåîaŒ@LóäaŒ @@@ò†ýíÜa@Ša†
ward
Diplomatic @@ômbàüÝrî† @@ÚïmbàíÝi†
Diplomacy @@ôbàüÝrî† @@óïbàíÝi†

١١٧
Preventive diplomacy @òŽîŠbq@LŽÞïŽ èóä@ôbàüÝrî† @@óï÷bÔì@óïbàíÝi†
@@ôbàüÝrî†
Income @@pbèa†@Opbénò† @@Þ‚†
Income pìóÙò†@Lpbèa† Þ‚†
Gross income @ômbèa†@LãóuŠó@ðmbèa† ðÜb»a@Þ‚†
ôn“
Foreign income ðäbïi@ðmbèa† åua@Þ‚†
Nominal income pbèa†@òìbä@LðØòìbä@ðmbèa† ða@Þ‚†
Per capita income @ôóØ@õóåïÔónaŠ@ômbèa† @†‹ÑÝÜ@ðÕïÕ¨a@Þ‚‡Üa
@@‡yaíÜa
Annual/yearly income @@óäłb@ômbèa† @@ñíåÜa@Þ‚‡Üa
Daily income @@óäaˆûŠ@ômbèa† @@ðàíïÜa@Þ‚‡Üa
Fixed income @@Š ü óä@ômbèa† @@HãíÝÉàI@oibq@Þ‚†
Real income @OóåïÔónaŠ@Oðmbèa† ðÕïÕy@Þ‚†
óåïnaŠ
Taxable income xbiŠói@ðmbèa† ójî‹›ÝÜ@Êšb‚@Þ‚†
Personal income ôóØ@ðmbèa† @ð—ƒ’@Þ‚†
Net income @ón‚íq@Lón‚íq@ðmbèa† Àb–@Þ‚†
pbèa†
Income in kind pbèa†@łbØ@LłbØ@ômbèa† ïÈ@Þ‚†

١١٨
National income @òìómóä@Lôîòìómóä@ðmbèa† @@ðàíÔ@Þ‚†
@@pbèa†
Gross national income ðîòìómóä@ðmbèa†@õa‹ÙŽïm ðÜb»a@ðàíÔ@Þ‚†
Average income ‡äòìbåàbà@La‹ÙŽïm@ðmbèa† Âínà@Þ‚†
Limited income @ìa‹ÙîŠbî†@LŠa†Šíå@ðmbèa† @@†ì‡«@Þ‚†
To come to the point/ @òìóØómóibi@ôØû‹Ø@óäìíš @kÝ–@À@ß킇Üa
substance (the merits)
of the matter @@Ëíší¾a
Feasibility study @@†ìíói@õòìóåïÜüÙŽïÜ @@õì‡u@óaŠ†
Lane, quarter, alley @@ŠòŒí @@HÓ‹¨a@lbz–ÿI@lŠ†
Degree (temperature) @@HôàŠó I@óÝq @@óuŠ†
(school) Grsde @@@ò‹¹ @@@óuŠ†
Rank, Position @@@óîbq @ìc@óÑïÄíÝÜI@óuŠ†
@@HØ‹¾a
Temperature @@ôàŠó @õóÝq @@@òŠa‹¨a@óuŠ†
Degree of disability @@ônÐóäóØ@õò†aŠ@OóÝq @@vÉÜa@óuŠ†
Failure mark/ grade @@çaìímìóØ@õò‹¹ @@ßbáØfia@óuŠ†
Final mark/ grade @@ò‹¹@aì†@LôîbmüØ@õò‹¹ @@óï÷béåÜa@óuŠ‡Üa
Lecture, lesson @@óäaì@L‘Šò† @@‘Š†
Mathmatics @@õŠbØŠbàˆ@LõŠbØi @@lb¨a@‘Š†

١١٩
Drawing lesson @@ô“ŽïØŠbïä@õóäaì @@â‹Üa@‘Š†
Constitution; rule(s) @@Šìínò† @@Šín†
Prostitution @@ô’û‹Ñ’óÜ @@òŠbȆ
Propaganda @@ò‡äb bqû‹q @@óîbȆ
(act of) supporting/ @@õn“q âȆ
holding up/
sustaining.
Support, aid @@ÛóàüØ @@@âȆ
Action, lawsuit @@Œaí‚a†@Laìa† @@õíȆ
Criminal action @@õŠbÙäaìbm@õaìa† @@óï÷båu@õíȆ
Defence @@õ‹ Šói @@ËbІ
Civil defence @@ðÝÝïà@ôî‹ Šói @@ð䇾a@ËbЇÜa
Copybook, notebook @@ŠónÐò† @@І
Ledger ŠónÐò†@Šó ˆbna@І
General ledger @@“ @õŠónÐò†@Šó ãbÈ@ˆbna@І
Account book @@õŠbØŠbàˆ@õŠónÐò† @@lb¨a@І
Service book/ record @@óàbä@òˆaŠ@Oóàbåmóà‚ @@@óà‡©a@І
Birth register/ @@óàbåóØ @@‘íÑåÜa@І
certificate
Cheque-book óàbåÙŽïš ÛíÙ–@І

١٢٠
Cheque book, bank @@Úäbi@õŠónÐò† @@À‹—à@І
book
Cash on delivery ça†òŠbq@ônò†aŠ@ói âïÝnÜa@‡åÈ@ÊІ
(C.O.D)
Cash with order ça†òŠbq@aìa†@ói kÝÜa@‡åÈ@ÊІ
Cash before delivery ça†òŠbq@ônò†aŠ@”Žïq âïÝnÜa@ÞjÔ@ÊІ
(C.B.D)
Cash in advance ça†òŠbq@ôØó“Žïq bà‡Õà@ì@a‡Õä@ÊІ
Accurate (of a watch); @@pbÕïà Ãíj›à@OÖïÔ†
synchronized.
Accurate precise @@†Šì@OÚŽîŠ Ãíj›à@OÖïÔ†
Minute @@óÕïÔò†@LÛóÜí‚ @@@óÕïÔ†
Delta @@bnÜò† @@bn܆
Guide @@báåŽîŠ @LŠójŽîŠ @@HÖî‹ÜaI@Þï܆
Clue, Evidence @Lòìó䆋ÙäììŠ@õI@óÜói @ìc@|ïšínÜI@Þï܆
@@HÚŽïn’@ôä‡äb¾ó@çbî @@Höð“Üa@pbjqg
Merging, fusion @@ça‡ÙŽïÜ@L熋ØónŽîìb÷ @@wà†
Domain, realm, field. @@ìò‹àóÜóÔ@LŠbàó ÞÕy@Obïä†
turn, attempt. @@òŠüä @@Šì†
First Attempt/ round @@ãóØóî@õòŠüä @@ßìÿa@Šì‡Üa
Second Attempt/ @@ãóèìì†@õòŠüä
round @@ôäbrÜa@Šì‡Üa
Handover @@熋Ùnò†ìbnò† @@âïÝnÜaì@Šì‡Üa

١٢١
Job turnover ŠbØ@¶í‚ ÞáÉÜa@çaŠì†
Inventory turnover óåï−ó @OŠbjàó÷@¶í‚ æî‚@çaŠì†
Capital turnover óîbàŠó@¶í‚ ßb¾a@‘aŠ@çaŠì†
Round (as of @@Š ìí@Lßí‚ òŠì†
election); session,
cycle
Cycle ßí‚ @òŠì†
Economic cycle ñŠìíib÷@ðÜí‚ @óî†b—nÔa@òŠì†
Business cycle ðäb ŠŒbi@ðÜí‚ @óîŠb¤@òŠì†
Patrol, watchman. @@ôšóiüä@Lô›ÜüÔ@Lçaˆb÷ Ñ‚@LóîŠì†
Socialist country @@ônïÜbï’í@ômóÜìò† @@óïØa’a@óÜì†
Core states @@Šòìóm@ôäbmóÜìò† @@Šía@ßì†
Developing countries @ìíîóŽïq@òŒbm@ômóÜìò† @@óïàbä@ßì†
@@çbØHò‡å’ó I
State @@póÜìò† @@óÜì†
Most favored nation @@Ša†Œbä@ômóÜìò† @@óîbÈ‹Übi@¶ìÿa@óÜì‡Üa
Landlocked countries @@ïmóÔ@ômóÜìò† @@óïjy@óÜì†
Nation-state @Oòìómóä@ômóÜìò† @@óïàíÔ@óÜì†
@@ôîòìómóä
Etatism @@ôäaímóÜìò† @@óÝÜì†

١٢٢
Unreservedly @@òìóåïàóÝ@Žôi @@ÆÑ¥@çì†

Inferiority @@ôîòŠbÙŽïiOôîìímbèóåŽïÜ @@óïäì†

Preamble @@óubjŽî†@LŠbj“Žïq @@óubjî‡Üa

Democracy @@ôa‹Øüº† @@óï a‹Õº†

Consensus democracy @OÖÐaím@ôïa‹Øüº† @@óïÔbÑma@óï a‹Õº†
@@æmbéÙŽïq
Sectarian, @OôÐóîbm@ôïa‹Øüº† @@óïÑ÷b @óï a‹Õº†
confessional @@ôîòm
democracy
Liberal democracy @@†aŒb÷@O¶aïÜ@ôïa‹Øüº† @@óïÜaïÜ@óï a‹Õº†

Demography @@ôbåÄû‹à@LbïÐa‹ üº† @@óïÐa‹Ìíº†

Debt, liability, loan @@ãaì@LŒŠóÔ @@æî†

Fixed debt @ôàaì@LŠü óä@ñŒŠóÔ oibq@æî†

ãaìòŽïu@OŽïu
Current debt @LðîóØìíäóè@ñŒŠóÔ HðÜbyIŠbu@æî†
ãaìóØìíäóè
External debt ãaìòŠò†@LðØòŠò†@ñŒŠóÔ ðuŠb‚@æî†

Public debt ãaìón“ @L“ @ñŒŠóÔ ãbÈ@æî†

Secured debt ãaìóåïia†@LŠó üà@ñŒŠóÔ çíá›à@æî†

Bad debt @ìbmìóÐ@ñŒŠóÔ HÚÜbè@ìcI@ã‡Éà@æî†

Secularism @@ãîŠýíïÙŽï@OôîaŠó bïä† @@óîíïä‡Üa

Bank loan ãaìóÙäbi@OðÕäbi@ñŒŠóÔ @óïЋ—à@çíî†

١٢٣
 ˆ
Personnel @Lômóîü‚@Lõ‡äóàŠbØ @@†a‹Ðýa@Lóïma‰Üa
@@ôóØ
Distraught, beside one @@íŽï’óq@Líî‹r’ Þèaˆ
self.
Ammunition @LÂäóu@õóÔìŒb÷ @@óïi‹y@ò‚ˆ
@@óäb‚óju
Peak Úqû‹m@LóÙmíÜ ò슈
Progeny, offspring @@òìóä @@ó
Pretext, excuse @@ìíäbïi@Lóäbèói @@óÉ
Memory, recollection. @@õŠòìò†bî õ‹Øˆ
Anniversary. @@†bïÜb óîíå@õ‹Øˆ
Petrol pìóäL•òŠ@ñ‹ŽîŒ ÂÑä@L@†ía@kèˆ
Spirit, mind @@õi@LôåîòŒ @@èˆ
Annex @@üÙ’bq@L‡äój’bq @@Þîˆ

١٢٤
 Š
University presidency @OüÙäaŒ@ômóîbØûŠó @@óÉàb§a@ób÷Š
@@bnäaŒ
View, thoughts, @@‡î†@Lçìíšüi óîûŠ
opinion.
Vision, perception, @@ôåïj“Žïq@Oæî‹Žïä ò—i@OÛaŠ†a@OóîûŠ
foresight.
Presiden;head, chief @@Šó@LÛûŠó ï÷Š

Moderator, chairman @@‹ ïŽ bi@L‹ïŽ Š üØ HóÝuI@ï÷Š

(ofa panel/ seminar,
etc).
Editor-in-chief @@@ŠóìíäŠó @Lò‡î‹uI@‹î‹znÜa@ï÷Š
@@Hóݪ
Master, Boss, @@ŠbØŠó@LóÜbqŠó @@ÞáÉÜa@ï÷Š
foreman
Chief, head @@pbÅuŠó @@óibÕåÜa@ï÷Š

Premier, Prime @@ça‹îŒòì@ÛòŠó @@öaŠŒíÜa@ï÷Š

Minister
Tie, link @@ônòíîóq @@óiaŠ

Relationship @@ôî‡äòíîóq @@óiaŠ

Political relationship @@ôbï@ôî‡äòíîóq @@óïbï@óiaŠ

Pay, salary @ @óšìíà @kmaŠ

Wage (weekly) @@óäbnÐóè @@ðÈíja@kmaŠ

١٢٥
Base pay @LpòŠóåi@ñóšìíà ða@kmaŠ
óšìíàóåi
Annualy/ Yearly @@óäłb @@ñíå@kmaŠ
salary
Monthly salary @@óäbäbà @@ñ‹é’@kmaŠ
Back pay ìa‹‚aì†@ñóšìíà ‹‚dnà@kmaŠ
First on the list, @@ónïÜŠó ßìÿa@ãbÕ¾a@Oóá÷bÕÜa@‘cŠ
foreanost in arder/
importance.
Capital @@óîbàŠó @@ßbcŠ
Working/ operating @OçbåŽïèŠó ói@ñóîbàŠó @@ðÝïÍ“m@ßbcŠ
capital @@ìa‹‚Šó ói
Nominal capital ìbäói@ñóîbàŠó ða@ßbaŠ
Human capital ðîû‹à@ñóîbàŠó ñ‹“i@ßbcŠ
Fixed capital Š ü óä@ñóîbàŠó oibq@ßbcŠ
Intellectual capital @@ôåîòŒ@OõŠè@õóîbàŠó @@èˆ@ßbcŠ
Authorized capital ìaŠ‡ŽïrŽîŠ @ñóîbàŠó @êi@‹—à@ßbaŠ
Real capital @ðØónaŠ@ñóîbàŠó ðÕïÕy@ßbaŠ
HôØóåïÔónaŠI
Long term capital çóîb‚‰ŽîŠ†@õóîbàŠó @‡àýa@Þîí @ßbaŠ
Working capital aŠbØ@ñóîbàŠó @ÞàbÈ@ßbaŠ

١٢٦
Short term capital çóîb¦ŠíØ@ñóîbàŠó @‡àýa@—Ô@ßbaŠ
Invested capital @@ìa‹åŽïèŠóiòì@ñóîbàŠó @@‹árnà@ßbaŠ
Borrowed capital ìa‹ØŒŠóÔ@ñóîbàŠó @Õà@ßbaŠ
Failed (as in exam). @@ìíšóäŠò†@OìímìóØ kaŠ
Stable, secure; @@Žïu@OŠaŠóÔŠói „aŠ
standing
Capital @@óîbàŠó @@ßbcŠ
Capital óîbàŠó ßbcŠ
Capitalist @@Ša†óîbàŠó @@ðÜbcŠ
Capitalism @@õŠa†óîbàŠó @@óïÜbcŠ
Discretionary @@óäa‹îˆ @@@‡’aŠ
? @@ómíØ@fq @@ìaŠ
Opinion @@çìíšüiOaŠ @@ñcŠ
Consensus opinion @@aŠüØ@LÂäò†üØ@õaŠ @@Ëb»ýa@ñcŠ
Public opinion @@@ôn“ @õaŠ @@ãbÉÜa@ñaŠ
Profit @@wäaŒbÔ@O†ìí @@|iŠ
Gross profit @ð−aŒbÔ@LwäaŒbÔ@ón“ ðÜb»a@|iŠ
ãóuŠó
Marginal profit ðîò†aŠ@ð−aŒbÔ @ñ‡y@|iŠ

١٢٧
Capital profit ðîóîbàŠó@ð−aŒbÔ ðÜbcŠ@|iŠ
Annual profit @óÜb@Lóäłb@ð−aŒbÔ ñíå@|iŠ
wäaŒbÔ
Net profit @ð−aŒbÔ@LwäaŒbÔ@ón‚íq Àb–@|iŠ
o‚íq
Residual profit òìbà@ð−aŒbÔ ðÕjnà@|iŠ
Profitability @Žï−aŒbÔ ó
Commercial ðäb ŠŒbi@Žï−aŒbÔ @óîŠb¤@ó
profitability
Tie @@´ói @@ÂiŠ
Tie, connection @@õ‡äòíîóq@Lõ‡äójÄóè @@ÂiŠ
Preponderance, @@ôîóåîŠûŒ@LçìíjÜaŒ ×íÑm@OçbzuŠ
dominance;
superiority.
Open space @@çła† @@@Þ‚‡¾a@ójyŠ
Travel, trip, tour @@o’ó @@óÝyŠ
Board @@ón‚óm @@HÒ—Üa@ÀI@óÝyŠ
Sea Voyage/ trip @@ôîbîŠò†@ôn’ó @@óî‹¢@óÝyŠ
Flight @@ðäbb÷@ôn’ó @@óîíu@óÝyŠ
Permission; license @@póÜüà @@ó—‚Š
Answer, reply @@ÆŠói@Lãýòì @@HlaíuI@†Š

١٢٨
Rehabilitation @@òìóäa†ŽîŠ @Lòìóäa‡‚óîbi @@ŠbjnÈýa@†Š
Deterrent @@oóiŠói@LçbÍÜóÔ @@ˆŠ
Nuclear deterrent @ônóiŠói@OôäbÍÜ óÔ @@ñìíåÜa@ˆ‹Üa
@@ôØìbä@Oôàümó÷
packer @L‡äójØónói @@ãaŒŠ
@@oójØónói
Parcel @@Ûónói @@êàŒŠ
Letter, message; @@óàbä @@óÜbŠ
thesis
Thesis, research paper @@Žïm HóïÉàbuI@óÜbŠ
(esp. for a degree);
treatise.
Threatening letter @@óàbåÐó @Lóàbäó’òŠóè @@‡î‡ém@óÜbŠ
Letter of @@óàbäìónq@Lóàbåîn“q @@HÖïqímI@‡ï ím@óÜbŠ
recommendation
Thank you note @@óàbåbqí @@‹Ù’@óÜbŠ
Registered letter @Lìa‹ØŠbàüm@õónüq @@óÝvà@óÜbŠ
@@ónüq@òŠbàüm
Drawing @@Šbïä @@âŠ
Fee @@òà@LóäbàŠóÐ @@âŠ
Fee, duty, tax xbi @@Hójî‹šI@âŠ
Demurrage óäbïîìòŒ @óc@âŠ
Tuition Fee @@熋؋ŽïÐ@ðubi @@âïÝÉnÜa@âŠ

١٢٩
Fixed fee òìa‹i@õòà ËíÕà@âŠ
Formality, @@ôîòíŽï’ óïäþÙ’@OóïäbčŠ
convention.
Governmental, @@ôàŠóÐ @@ðŠ
official
Failing, failure @@æmìóØ @@líŠ
Sedimentary, @@ðäón“ïä ðiíŠ
stratified.
Stability, strength to @@õíïróš@LõŠaŠóÔŠói …íŠ
stand/ endure.
Import duties 熊ìbè@ôubi@Lóäa†Šìbè †ana@ãíŠ
Excise duties óäa†Šbä@Lò†Šbä@ôubi @ãíŠ@L‹î‡—nÜa@ãíŠ
xa‹‚ýa
Admission fees ça Šòì@õòà ßíjÕÜa@ãíŠ
Custom duties @Lð ‹àí @õòà @óïØ‹»@ãíŠ
óäb ‹àí
Legal fees @LõŠòìa†@õóäbàŠóÐ@Oxbi @@óï÷b›Ô@ãíŠ
@@óäaŠòìa†
Harbored duties óäaŠò‡äói öbåïà@ãíŠ
Sense, reason, @@õ‹îˆ@LõŠbï’üè laí–@O‡’žŠ
rationality.
Bribe @@ÞïmŠói @@òí’Š
Sensible, rational, @@Šbï’üè@L‹îˆ @‡ï’Š
reasonable.
Lead @@â’íÔŠ íÔ @@™b–Š

١٣٠
Bullet @@Ûó“ïÐ@LóÝÜí @@HóÕÝ I@™b–Š
Pencil @@@ãóÜóÔ @@HâÝÔI@™b–Š
White lead @@ôr@ôíÔŠ íÔ @@öbïáïØI@ïia@™b–Š
Balance óîbà ‡ï–Š
Cash balance @@óîbà@Lóäaíïn“q @@HðÜbà@‡ï–ŠI@‡ï–Š
Bank balance Öäbi@ñóîbà ôЋ—à@‡ï–Š
Welfar; comfort @@ôäaŠòŒí’ü‚ @@óyaŠ@LóïèbЊ
Pavement, sidewalk @@ónü’@Oìò‹ïŽ q @@Òï–Š
Dignified, sedate @@HÂäóàI@‡äóà@L‡äòìŠb÷ æ@Lμ–Š
Nursing, suckling @@ça†’ @@óÈbšŠ
Consensus @@ôäò‡Øóî@Lôäò†üØ @@Ëb»g@OôšŠ
Juvenile care @@ôîóÜóÜ @@ta‡yýa@óîbÈŠ
Fear @@‘‹m @@kÈŠ
Inclination. @@‘òìóè@LõŠa†aìóè óîbÈŠ@Oõíè@LójÌŠ
Social welfare @ðïäaŠòŒí’ü‚ @óïÈbánua@óïèbЊ
@ðmóîłóàüØ
Economic welfare ñŠìíib÷@ðïäaŠòŒí’ü‚ @óî†b—nÔa@óïèbЊ
General welfare @“ @ðïäaŠòŒí’ü‚ @óàbÈ@óïèbЊ

١٣١
Material welfare ñ††bà@ðïäaŠòŒí’ü‚ @óî†bà@óïèbЊ
Slavery @@ômóîa‡äói@OômóîóÝîüØ @@׋Üa
Censorship. @@õ‹Žî†ìbš@OŠüäb @@óibÔŠ
Supervision, control
Budgetary control óu†íi@ðî‹Žî†ìbš @óïäaï¾a@óibÔŠ
Exchange control Š ü íÜb÷@ðî‹Žî†ìbš Ó‹—Üa@ôÝÈ@óibÔŠ
Number @@‘ìíäòŠ@LòŠbàˆ @@âÔŠ
Consumer price index @ð‚‹ä@ðîóäaíŽïq@ñòŠbàˆ @‹ÉÜ@ðbïÕÜa@âÔ‹Üa
ŠóiŠbØói ÚÝén¾a
Password @@ôåŽïéä@õòŠbàˆ @@õ‹@âÔŠ
Index number ðîóäaíŽïq@ñòŠbàˆ ðbïÔ@âÔŠ
Price index …‹ä@ðîóäaíŽïq@ñòŠbàˆ ‹ÉÝÜ@ðbïÔ@âÔŠ
Digitization @@ç‡äbìíäòŠ @@óåáÔŠ
Digital ôìíäòŠ@LðîòŠbàˆ ðáÔŠ
Stagnation @@õŠaŒbjŽïi@OôbóØ@ŠaŒbi @@†íØŠ
Ashes @@”ŽïàóÜü‚@Oìímí @@†bàŠ
Symbol @@ßíjáï@ObáŽïè @@àŠ
Code @@†üØ@LóÜŠóq@LbáŽïè @@àŠ
Symbolism, symbolic @@õŠó báŽïè óîàŠ
meaning/
representation.
١٣٢
Betting (bet ), wager ìò‹ Hóåèa‹àI@çbèŠ

Mortgage @@æèòŠ @LónàŠbi @@æèŠ

Joint mortgage @@•óiìbè@õónàŠbi Û“à@æèŠ

Closed mortgage ìa‹‚a†@ñónàŠbi @ßíÑÕà@æèŠ

Association; tie, link @@õ‡äòíŽïq@Oõ‡äójÄóè @@ÂiaìŠ

Economic link çbØóïîŠìíib÷@ónòíîóq @óî†b—nÔa@ÂiaìŠ

Financial link çbØóïîaŠa†@ónòíîóq @óïÜbà@ÂiaìŠ

Starting salaries ôîbmòŠó@õóšìíà óï÷a‡i@kmaìŠ

Pensions @@ï“äóäb‚@ñóšìíà ‡ÈbÕm@kmaìŠ

National spirtit @Lôîòìómóä@ôäbï @@óïàíÔ@ìŠ

@@ðäbán“ïä@ôîŠbïnóè
Spiritual; psychic; @@ôîò††bàbä@OðØóäbï ñ†bàý@OðyìŠ
immaterial.
Sport, physical @@ôîó’ý@Oôäóm@ô’ŒŠòì @@êïä‡i@óšbîŠ
exercise
Sport, Athletics @@•ŒŠòì @@êšbîŠ

Sportsman, Athlete @@çaì󒌊òì @@ðšbîŠ

Royalty @óäbÙÜíà ÊîŠ

Explicit rent Šbî†@O@a‹Ù’b÷@ñóäbÙÝà õ‹èbÄ@ÊîŠ@L|î‹–@ÊîŠ
Implicit rent Šbî†bä@OòìaŠb’@ñóäbÙÝà áš@ÊîŠ

Non –contractual rent ðïØò‡äüibä@ñóäbÙÝà ñ‡ÔbÉm@Ì@ÊîŠ

١٣٣
 Œ
Angle; corner, nook @@ó’ü @@óîìaŒ
Client, buyer Šbî‹Ø@LŠó a†ìó ÞïáÈLçíiŒ
Political leadership @@ôbï@ôïmóîa†‹ØŠó @@óïbïÜa@óàbÈÜa
Symbolic leader @@ò†‹ØŠó@báŽïèói @@õà‹Üa@âïÈÜa
Lane, alley @@óšíØ @@×bÔŒ
Colleagueship @@õŠbØìbè@Lôîó“ïqìbè @@HÞáÉÜa@À@óÜbàŒI@óÜbàŒ
Colleague @@ŠbØìbè @ìa@ÞáÉÜa@ÀI@ÞïàŒ
@@H™b—n‚ýa
Classmate @@ßüqìbè @@óaŠ‡Üa@À@ÞïàŒ
Prison cell/ ward. @@æiˆíÔ@LóÝî† HævÜa@ÀI@óäaäŒ
Increase in demand oaí‚@ôäìíi†bîŒ kÝÜa@ò†bîŒ
Increase in supply ììŠóån‚@ðäìíi†bîŒ ‹ÉÜa@ò†bîŒ
Price increase …‹ä@ðäìíi†bîŒ ‹É@ò†bîŒ
Tax increase xbi@ðäìíi†bîŒ k÷a‹š@ò†bîŒ
Natural increase ’ì‹@ðäìíi†bîŒ @óïÉïj @ò†bîŒ
Increment bèói@õò†bîŒ HóáïÕÜa@ÀIò†bîŒ
Visiting @@ça‡ŽïÜŠó @@òŠbîŒ
Ornament @@o“îaŠb÷ @@êåîŒ
١٣٤
 ‘
Tourist @@Šbïn’ó @LŠòìón’ó @@|÷b
Driver @LŠíƒŽïÜ@LŠòìˆb÷@LŠbîˆb÷ @@Ö÷b
@@‹ŽïÐí’
Antecedents, previous @@ò†ŠìíiaŠ ÒÜb@OÖib
(events) records/ etc.).
Previous, preceeding, @@“Žïq@Lìímbé“Žïq ãč‡Õ nŽ àž @OÖib
earlier.
Precedent @@솊íiaŠ @@óÕib
Square, plaza @@ça‡îóà @@óyb
Battlefield @@Š ó’@ôäa‡îóà @@ßbnÕÜa@óyb
Coast, shore @@ŠbäóØ@L…ûŠ @@Þyb
Hour (time) @@pb@LpbÈó @@HoÔìI@óÈb
Postman @@ôšónüq @@‡îÜa@ðÈb
Semites @@çbØóïïàb @@çíïàbÜa
Rest, support @@óØóÜüØ@LÛò‹î† @@H‡åàI@‡äb
Cilo @@üÝîb@Lì‡äóØ @@íÝîb
Race @@fØŠójŽïØ@LóÝà @@×bj
Causality, proximate @@õŠó üè@LõŠbØüè @@óïjj
cause
Board @@tò† @@òŠíj

١٣٥
Livelihood, @@íŽî‰i @@׌Š@L”ïÉÜa@Þïj
subsistance
Record, register @@Šbàüm @@Þv
Personal status record @@ôäbnŠb’@õŠbi@õŠbàüm @@óï䇾a@ßaíyÿa@Þv
Service record @@óàbåmóà‚@OóàbäòˆaŠ óà‡©a@Þv
Land register @@óàbåîìòŒ@Lüqbm@õŠónÐò† @@ñŠbÕÈ@Þv
Criminal record @LñŠòì†a†@õŠónÐò† @@ð÷b›Ô@Þv
@@õŠòì†a†@õŠbàüm
Archives @@Òï’Šó÷ HÒï’ŠcI@pþv
Prison, jail. @@óäb²‡äói æv
Political prisoners @@ôbï@õ‡äói @@çíïbï@öbåv
Prisoner @@ôäa‡åîŒ@OÞî†@L‡äói @@μv
Withdrawal @@òìóäb“ŽïÙnò†@Lçb“ŽïØaŠ @@kz
Resignation @@òìóäb“ŽïØ@oò† @@‡ïÜa@kz
Overdraft @ñŠbàˆóè@ŠóóÜ@çb“ŽïØaŠ Óí“Ù¾a@ôÝÈ@kz
çb“ŽïØaŠ@†bîŒ@Lòìa‹Ø
Demonetize @ìaŠ†@õòìóäb“ŽïØ ßìa‡nÜa@æà@óÝáÈ@kz
çaŠíÜóèóÜ
Bank run ðîbb÷bä@ðäb“ŽïØaŠ ñ†bïnÈa@Ì@kz
Bank withdrawal Öäbi@óÜ@òŠbq@ðäb“ŽïØaŠ @æà@†íÕåÜaIkz
HÓ‹—¾a
١٣٦
Scorn, derision @@熋َïqónÜb @L‘ìóm @@ó
Cynicism @@õŠbÙäbàí @OõŠbuòïm @@ó
Stamen (bot.) @@Ûò‹Žïä @À@ñ‹Ø‰Üa@í›ÉÜaI@òa‡
Hò‹èÜa
Plug, cork @@Šû†óqóm@Lóäaìóàò† @@†a‡
Mirage, delusion. @@çþîóÜ la‹
Pace, tempo @õI@pìòŠđ @Lôîa‹Žï‚ @@Hã‡ÕnÜaI@ójä@OóÈ‹
@@HæmìóÙ“Žïq
Robbery, theft @@õŒ† @@óÔ‹
Common theft @@ôîbb÷@ôå @@óïi@óÔ‹
Pickpocketing @@æî‹ i@çbÐ @@Þ“ä@óÔ‹
Compound theft @@ò†bbä@ôå @@ò†‡“àóÔ‹
Secret, confidential @@ôåŽïéä @@õ‹
Company @@ónò†@LÖÜ @@óî‹
Battery/ company @@Htüm@õI@ónò† @@HóïÉЇ¾aI@óî‹
Fire brigade @@òìòŠóåŽîˆíØ‹ b÷@ðáïm @@öbÑ ýa@óî‹
Cavalry @@Šaíónò† @@óÜbï‚@óî‹
Surface, level @@ììŠ @@|
Price; rate @@…‹ä @@‹É

١٣٧
Basing price @ðmòŠóåi@ð‚‹ä ‘býa@‹É
Hðîóåï›åiI
Issued price 熋؊ò†@ð‚‹ä Ša‡–ýa@‹É
Opening price òìó䆋Ø@ð‚‹ä bnnÐýa@‹É
Closing price ´‚a†@ð‚‹ä ßbÑÔÿa@‹É
Bank rate Úäbi@ð‚‹ä ÚåjÜa@‹É
Wholesale price ´’û‹Ð@üØ@ð‚‹ä óÝá§bi@ÊïjÜa@‹É
Wholesale price @@üØ@ô‚‹ä @@óÝá§a@‹É
Discount rate @@@ç‡äbÙ’a†@Oa‹ÙŽïm@ð‚‹ä @߇Éà@ìa@â—©a@‹É
â—©a
Market price Š aŒbi@ð‚‹ä ×íÜa@‹É
Exchange rate òìóåîŠü @ð‚‹ä Ó‹—Üa@‹É
Cost price çì훎ïm@ð‚‹ä óÑÝÙÜa@‹É
Single price @@@Ûbm@ô‚‹ä @@†‹Ñ¾a@‹É
Retail price ô’û‹ÑØbm@ð‚‹ä H@ó÷vnÜaI@†‹Ñ¾a@‹É
Competitive price ðïŽïØ“Žïq@ð‚‹ä ðÐbåm@‹É
World price ðäbéïu@ð‚‹ä ðÜì†@‹É
Net price o‚íq@ð‚‹ä Àb–@‹É
Free market rate @ñŠaŒbi@ñ‹ŽîìíÜb÷@ð‚‹ä @×í@À@Ó‹–@‹É
†aŒb÷ @ò‹y
١٣٨
Fair price aìòŠ@ð‚‹ä ߆bÈ@‹É
Asked price ìa‹Øaìa†@OìaŠŒaí‚@ð‚‹ä líÝà@‹É
Flat rate Š ü óä@ð‚‹äLô‚‹åØóî ‡yíà@‹É
Prime interest rate ðØòŠó@ñ†ìí@ð‚‹ä ðï÷Š@ò‡÷bÐ@‹É
Annual grade @@@óäłb@ô“’üØ@õò‹àíä @@õíåÜa@ôÉÜa
Embassy @@óäb‚ŒüïÜbi @@òŠbÑ
Trip, travel @@o’ó @LŠóÐó @@‹Ñ
Ambassador @@ŒüïÜbi @@Ñ
Ship @@ôn’óØ @@óåïÑ
Non-suit @@aìa†@ôäìí›nò†@óÜ @@õíȇÜa@ÃíÕ
Mint, coin (money) @@ça‡ŽïÜ@ìaŠ† @@†íÕåÜa@Ú
Secretary @@‹Žïm‹Ù @@m‹Ù
General Secretary @@ôn“ @õ‹Žïm‹Ù @@ãbÉÜa@m‹ÙÜa
Tranquility, calm @@ôàaŠb÷@Lôèbäb çíÙ
Weapons of mass @@ˆíÙÜóàüØ@OˆíØüØ@ðØóš ðÈbá§a@ÞnÕÜa@þ
destruction
Peace @@ôn’b÷ @@ãþ
Personal safety @ômóàýó@OôîòíŽïi @@óï—ƒ“Üa@óàþÜa
@@@ôóØ

١٣٩
Negativism, negative, @@ŽîŠóä @@óïjÝ
attitude.
Basket of currencies çbØòìaŠ†@ñómóió pþáÈ@óÝ
Series, chain @@ò−Œ @@óÝÝ
Chain, shakles @@ó›qóÜóØ@L−Œ @@H‡ïÔI@óÝÝ
Authority @@pýóò† @@óÝ
Legislative authority @@çbäa†bbî@ômýóò† @@óïÉî‹“nÜa@óÝÜa
Executive authority @@熋iòíŽîŠ ói@ômýóò† @@óî‡ïÑånÜa@óÝÜa
Executive Authority @@熋َïuójŽïu@ômýóò† @@óî‡ïÑånÜa@óÝÜa
The rule of law @@bbî@OçìíäbÔ@ômýóò† @@çíäbÕÜa@óÝ
Legal authority @@ôîbbî@ômýóò† @@óïäíäbÕÜa@óÝÜa
Judicial Authority @@õŠòì†a†@ômýóò† @@óï÷b›ÕÜa@óÝÜa
Discretionary power @@Œòìb÷ói@ômýóò† @@óî‹î‡Õm@óÝ
Judicial power @@óäbïîŠòì†a†@ômýóò† @@óï÷b›Ô@óÝ
Authoritarianism @@ôîaŠómýóò† @@ñíÝÜa
Goods ßóqíÜóØ@LłbØ@LÛó @@ÊÝ
Consumer goods @OìímbèŠbØói@õłbØ @@óïØþéna@ÊÝ
@@ìa‹iŠbØói
Capital goods @Oóîbò†@õłbØ @@óïÜbcŠ@ÊÝ
@@õŠa†óîbàŠó
١٤٠
Capital goods ìa‹åŽïéàóèŠói@õłbØ @ÊÝL@óïÜbcŠ@ÊÝ
óïubnäg
Food items çbØóïïØaŠü‚@łbØ @óï÷a‰Ì@ÊÝ
Nondurable goods çóàónàóØ@õłbØ @ò‹áÉà@Ì@ÊÝ
Capital-intensive ‹ š@óîbàŠó@õłbØ ßb¾a@‘cŠ@óÑïrØ@ÊÝ
goods
Luxuries goods ôäóàóåŽîŒaŠ@õłbØ óïÜbáØ@ÊÝ
Imported goods ò†Šìbè@õłbØ @놊ínà@ÊÝ
Durable goods @O‰ŽîŠ‡äóàóm@õłbØ ò‹áÉà@ÊÝ
çóîb‚‰ŽîŠ†
Household goods ÿ bà@ìbä@õłbØ óïÜåà@ÊÝ@
Finished goods ìímbéŽïqbmüØ@õłbØ óï÷béä@ÊÝ
Goods and services @ö@łbØ pbà‡‚@ì@ÊÝ
çbØóïîŠaŒímóà‚
Commodity, goods, ý bØ@LÛóàín’@LßóqíÜóØ óÈb›i@L@óÉÝ
merchandise
Advance (loan, cash) @@óåï“Žïq @@óÑÝ
Behavior @@ŠbØb÷@LŠbnÐòŠ@Lo’ìòŠ @@ÛíÝ
Voting behavior @@ça‡äò†@õŠbØb÷ @@ðibƒnäýa@ÛíÝÜa
Political behavior @@ôbï@õŠbØb÷ @@ðbïÜa@ÛíÝÜa
Consumer behaviour ŠóiŠbØói@ñŠbnÐòŠ ÚÝén¾a@ÛíÝ

١٤١
Rational behavior HóäþÔb÷Ióäa‹îˆ@ñŠbnÐòŠ ðäþÕÈ@ìa@‡ï’Š@ÛíÝ
Behaviorism @@õŠó ŠbnÐòŠ@LôîaŠó ŠbØb÷ @@óïØíÝÜa
Fertilizer, manure @@μîóq @@†b
Hearsay, rumor; word @@Ûünïi@Lãò†ìbàò† @@ôÈb
of mouth
Broker ßłò†@LðšŠóš Âïì@L@Šb
Stock broker ìaŠ†@ôÜłò†@OðšŠóš @óïÜbà@×aŠìa@Šb
Insurance broker óáïi@Oóäbánà@ðÜłò† μàdm@Šb
Highness, majesty @@üÙ’@Ołbi @@í
Seminar, study/ @@ŠbåïáŽï óïaŠ†@óÕÝy@OŠbåï
research group.
Year @@ÿb @@óå
Preparatory year @@熋ØónaŠ b÷@ôÜb @@êïuínÜa@óå
Fiscal/ financial year ðîaŠa†@ðÜb óïÜbà@óå
Title, deed @@ômóîbÙÜíà@õóÜaìóÔ @@óïÙݾa@‡å
Bill of sale @õóÜaìóÔ@Lóàbå’û‹Ð @@Êïi@‡å
@@´’û‹Ð
Policy @óàbäóäbánà@LóàbåïnäòŠó @@μàdm@‡å
Title ŽîŠa‡ÙÜíà@õóàbäónàŠbi kÕÜ@LHíib IÚïݸ@‡å
Treasury Bill @@óåï−ó @õóÜ aìóÔ @@óåî‚@‡å

١٤٢
Government security ðmóàíÙy@“ @ñóÜaìóÔ H@ðàíÙyI@ãbÈ@‡å
Debenture bond ãaì@ñóÜaìóÔ ‹Ô@‡å
Bail Bond @ômóÜbÐóØ@OóàbäónàŠbi @@óÜbÑØ@‡å
@@ôóØ
Escrow @Oü‚ìónaŠbä@õóÜaìóÔ âïÝnÜa@ÖÝÉà@‡å
ìa‹äa†@ónàŠbiói
Bond @LóàbäónàŠbi@LóÜaìóÔ ‡éÉm@L@óÜbÑØ@L‡å
@óàbåäbºóq
Indenture óàbååmìóÙÙŽîŠ @LóÜaìóÔ ‡å
Treasury bills óåï−ó @ñóÜaìóÔ @çìˆaLóåî©a@pa‡å
@óäa©a
Municipal bonds ðäaìòŠb’@ñóÜaìóÔ @óî‡Ýi@pa‡å
Securities. @@ôîaŠa†@õóÜ aìóÔ @@óïÜbà@pa‡å
Easy, simple @@çbb÷ @@Þé
Share @@Ú“q @@âé
Common stock, ðîbb÷@ðÙ“q ñ†bÈ@âé
ordinary share
Money market @LñŠbÙ‚ŠüÔ@ñŠaŒbi ŠbÙnya@×í
Š aŒbj‚ŠüÔ
Stock market Š aŒbi@óÙ“q @âéýa@ìa@ò‡–Šýa@×í
Stock exchange @õŠaŒbi@LóŠüi Hó–ŠíjÜaI@âéýa@×í
ôŽ ØŠüÙ“q

١٤٣
European Common @ôïqìŠìó÷@õŠaŒbi @@óØ“¾a@óïiŠìýa@×íÜa
Market
@@•óiìbè
Free market @@†aŒb÷@õŠaŒbi @@ò‹¨a@×íÜa
Gold market ‹ŽîŒ@ñŠaŒbi kè‰Üa@×í
Exchange market ðŽ ØŠü @ìaŠ†@ñŠaŒbi @Ó‹—Üa@×í
Labour market ŠbØ@ñŠaŒbi ÞáÈ@×í
Bull market çb−a‹ @ñŠaŒbi ŠbÉýa@óÉÑm‹à@×í
Supermarket @Šóqí@LŠaŒbi@òŠìó jØ@ñØ‹à@×í
oŽïØŠbà
Money market @ñŠaŒbi@LŠaŒbiìaŠ† @óî‡Õä@×í
ìaŠ†@OòŠbq@Oóåïn‚óä
Illbred @@ŠbnÐòŠ†ói@Lo’ìòŠ†ói @@ÛíÝÜa@öô
Fence @@óÝïš@Læóq @@xbï
Tourism @@õŠbïn’ó @@óybï
Sovereignty @@õŠòìŠó @@ò†bï
Condominium @@õŠòìŠóìbè @@óØ“à@ò†bï
Fiscal policy ðîaŠa†@ômóbï @óïÜbà@pbbï
Market incentive æŽîˆóè@ŠaŒbi@Oðmóbï ×íÝÜ@òÑ«@pbbï
policies
Politics @@póbï @@óbïÜa

١٤٤
Social policy ðmóîłóàüØ@ðmóbï @óïÈbánua@óbï
Containment policy @Oça†óÝ‚b÷@ômóbï @@öaínyýa@óbï
@@熋ÙnóiŠói
Open borders policy òìa‹Ø@ñŠìíå@ðmóbï ínѾa@lbjÜa@óbï
Protectionism ´aŠbq@ðmóbï @óîbá¨a@óbï
Isolationist policy @O@õ ó’ü @ômóbï @@óÜÉÜa@óbï
@@õ ŠbäóØ
Traditional power @õòŒì@ômóbï @@óî‡ïÝÕnÜa@òíÕÜa@óbï
politics
@@çbnbiOìbjäüØ
Internal/ local politics @Oü‚ìbä@ômóbï @OóïÝa@óbïÜa
@@ôÜbàü‚ @@óïÝ‚a‡Üa
Trade policy ðäb ŠŒbi@ðmóbï @óîŠb¤@óbï
Government policy ômóàíÙy@ðmóbï @óïàíÙy@óbï
Income policy pbèa†@ðmóbï Þ‚†@óbï
Official gov.t policy @ôïàŠóÐ@ômóbï @@óïàíÙy@óïŠ@óbï
@@ômóàíÙy
Open market policy òìa‹Ø@ñŠaŒbi@ðmóbï óyínÑà@×í@óbï
Monetary poicy ìaŠ†@O‚óä@ðmóbï @óî‡Õä@óbï
Procedure, course of @@ŠbÙŽîŠ wéä@O×bï
action, scheme.
Context, frame of @@òˆbàb÷@/æŽïnói @@óåî‹Ô@L×bï
reference; setting.
òŠb’g@LËb¾g

١٤٥
Sir @@ÛbØ @@‡ï
Madam @@ìímb‚@Ob‚ @@ò‡ï
Biography, Life, @@ò‹Žï@Lóàbåîˆ ò
course of life
Air traffic control @ôÜûäüØ@O熋Ùåïia† @Šì‹¾a@ôÝÈ@ò‹ï
ðäbb÷@ñüšìímbè ñí§a
Emission controls @ôÜûäüØ@O熋Ùåïia† pbqbÉjäa@ôÝÈ@ò‹ï
çbØón“îìbèŠò†
Monetary control @LõìaŠ†@‚óä@ðî‹Žî†ìbš @óî‡Õä@ò‹ï
õ‹Žî†ìbš@òìaŠ†
Quality control @LŽîŠüu@ñ‹Žî†ìbš óïÈíä@ò‹ï
@òŠüu@LŽßûäüØ@ïÜaíØ
õ‹Žî†ìbš
Obtain @@熋Ø@μia† @@LÂjš@Oò‹ï
@@ HNNNôÝÈI@ßí—y
Control 熋Ùåïia†@LŽßûäüØ @óibÔŠ@Lò‹ï
Mien, bearing, @@Šb‚ìŠ@Lbáï ‹éÅà@Oöbáï
demeanor
Liquidity @LòŠbqIóÝ’@ðäaìòŠ Hóî‡ÕäI@óÜíï
HìaŠ†I@õìa‹m@LHo‚óä

١٤٦
 •
Talk, rumor, hearsay. @@ìbiì‡äói@Lüäò† óÉ÷b’
Badge, distinctive @@óäb“ïä@LÂäóÄóu óàþÈ@OòŠb’
token/ sign/ emblem.
Explainer, expositor @@ŠbØóÄaŠ @@Šb’
Main street @@ŠaíîŒ@LeŠb’@LãbÔó’ @@ôï÷Š@ËŠb’
Back street alley @@çłüØ @@ôÈ‹Ð@ËŠb’
Coast, shore @@ŠbäóØ@L…ûŠ @@öô b’
Poet. @@Šóäüè@OçbÅäaŒüè ‹Èb’
Popular poet @@Šóîb’ @@É’@‹Èb’
Vacant @@ôîb’üi@Lÿüš @@‹Ìb’
Troublesome, trying, @LŽïàb÷ó“ŽïØ@LŠóØŠaŽïi ×č b’
vexatious.
@@‡äóiü óiŠó
Comprehensive, all- ‹n“ @O‹ üØ @Þàb’
embracing,
widespread.
Comprehensive, ‹n“ @Lì⁄iŠói ðÜíLÞàb’
inclusire
Universal, general ‹n“ @Lì⁄iŠói ãbÈLÞàb’
Witness @@òaìó @Lpóîb’ @@‡èb’
Witness for the @@ç‡äb¾ó@ômóîb’ @@pbjqg@‡èb’
prosecution

١٤٧
Witness for the @@ôØüØa†@ômóîb’ @@ËbІ@‡èb’
defence
Eyewitness @@íî†ìbš@ói@ômóîb’ @@çbïÈ@‡èb’
Phantom, phantasm. @@çþîóÜ@LôîbàŠbm ßbï‚@O|j’
Network Š üm óÙj’
Peninsula @@ó Šì†@ó›áïä @@ò‹î§a@êj’
Quasi group @@û‹ @ó›áïä @@óÈb»@êj’
Clause, phrase @@ónŠ@bq@LónŠ@b @@@óÝ»@êj’
Semi – formal, @@ðàŠóÐ@ó›áïä@Lôîàb @@@ðŠ@êj’
Semi – official
Sedling @@Łmó’ @@Þn’
Sapling; bush @@çòìò†@Lãbàóä @@òv’
Scarcity of @ôïäóá ò†@OôïàóØ @@pbàíÝɾa@|’
information
@@õŠbïäaŒ
Paucity ðàóØ óz’
To load, fill @@熋؊bi æz’
Air express (cargo) a‹Žï‚@ðïäbb÷@ð䆋؊bi Êî‹@ñíu@æz’
Prime, prepare; equip. @@ça†Žïm ›¥@Oæz’
Freight, shipment ó Šbi óåz’
National character @@ôîòìómóä@ôïmóîbóØ @@óïàíÕÜa@óï—ƒ“Üa

١٤٨
Stress, force @@μm@LŽïè @@ò‡’
Violence, vehemence @@μm@Lõ‡äím @@‡î‡’@Oò‡’
Hire purchase @oïÔóiI@ðØó’bq@î‹Ø ÂïÕnÜbi@öa‹’
æî‹Øó’ói@LHμî‹ Ø
Joint liability/ @@ðØŠó÷ìbè @Þá¥@ÀI@óØa‹’
abligation.
@@HlbÉ—Üa
Interpretation @@óÄaŠ @@HŠ‡—¾a@âaI@‹’
Explanation @@μÄaŠ @@HŠ‡—àI@‹’
Condition, term @@xŠóà @@Ë’
Exceptional clause @Lôîbb÷bä@ôuŠóà @@ð÷bårna@Ë’
@@ôîómŠìb÷@ôuŠóà
Arbitration clause @OôäbÄòŠói@ôuŠóà @@âïÙznÜa@Ë’
@@õŠbÙî‰iìbä
Waiver clause @@çbåŽïèŒaì@ôuŠóà @@ߌbånÜa@Ë’

Most favored nation @ñómóÜìò†@ìó÷@ðuŠóà @¶ìÿa@óÜì‡Üa@Ë’

clause @OoŽî‹Øò†@ñ‹Žî†ìbš@‹mbîŒ óîbÈ‹Übi
Ša†Œbä@ômóÜìò†
Penalty clause @@ôîa@ôuŠóà @@ð÷au@Ë’

Legitimacy @@ôîaìòŠ @@óïÈ‹’

East @@płóèˆûŠ @LpłóèŠü‚ @@׋’

Near East @ômłóèˆûŠ @OpłóèŠü‚ @@ôä†ÿa@׋“Üa

@@Úîä
١٤٩
Far East @ômłóèˆûŠ @OpłóèŠü‚ @@ô—Ôÿa@׋“Üa
@@Šìì†
Middle East @ômłóèˆûŠ @OpłóèŠü‚ @@Âìÿa@׋“Üa
@@oaŠòìbä
Corporations @LHçbØòŠa‡’óiIbïäbràüØ pbØ‹’
Ša‡’ói@õbïäbràüØ
Insurance companies ðîbïå܆@ñbïäbràüØ μàdnÜa@pbØ‹’

Multinational çbØòŒó òŠ@ò‹Ð@bïäbràüØ @óïå§a@ò†‡Énà@pbØ‹’

corporations
Company @@bïäbràüØ@Oó’ói @@@óØ‹’

Company, corporation bïäbràüØ @óØ‹’

Agency @LìaŠŒóàa†@LbïäbràüØ óÜbØì@Lóüà@L@óØ‹’

ŠbÙî‹i
Parent company Úîa†@ñbïäbràüØ ãýa@óØ‹’

Subsidiary company üÙ’bq@ñbïäbràüØ óÉibm@óØ‹’

Private company pójîbm@ñbïäbràüØ ó–b‚@óØ‹’

Limited liability @ô‹qŠói@ñbïäbràüØ @óïÜìüà@paˆ@óØ‹’

company Ša†Šíå @ò†ì‡«
Joint venture/ @OñŠbØòíïä@ñbïäbràüØ óz–@óØ‹’
enterprise õŠbÙ’ói
Corporation @@ó Ša‡’ói@LbïäbràüØ óáèbà@óØ‹’

Defunct company @Oìa‹ia†@ŠbØóÜ@ñbïäbràüØ @æÈ@óÉÕåà@óØ‹’

ìímìóØŠbØóÜ ÞáÉÜa

١٥٠
Stipulation, terms @@xŠóà Ãì‹’
Contract clause @OóàbååmìóÙÙŽîŠ @ðuŠóà ‡ÕÉÜa@Ãì‹’
oójŽî‹
Conditions of sale ´’û‹Ð@ðuŠóà Êïi@Ãì‹’
Partner @@•óiìbè@OÚ“qìbè @@Úî‹’
Full partner @ìaìóm@ð’óiìbè ÞàbØ@Úî‹’
Active @OÛłbš@ð’óiòìbè “ä@Úî‹’
partnersleeping
partner ìíníä
Erase, delete @@òìóåî‹ @@k’
Slogan @@â’슆 @@ŠbÉ’
People @@ÚÜó‚Oßó @@kÉ’
Branch @@ÖÜ @@ójÉ’
Accounting dept/ @@ñŠbî‹Žïàˆ@ô’ói @@ójba@ójÉ’
section
Popular @@ôÝÝïà@L¶ó @LbbøÜó @@É’
Collective @@ônóèüØ @@ðÉ»@ŠíÉ’
consciousness
Cipher; code @@báŽïè@L†üØ@LóÜŠóq àŠ@Oò‹Ñđ’
Oral @@ôØòŠaŒ @@ðéÑ’
Prima faci ñŠaŒŠóói bî‹èbÄLbïéÑ’
Complaint @@łbÙ@Lò‡äaŒb @@óîbÙ’

١٥١
Thanks/ gratitude @@‘bqí @@‹Ù’
Form, shape, autline. @@òíŽï’@LãŠüÐ òŠí–@OÞÙ’
Formality, @@õŠó @òíŽï’@OòïÜbàŠüÐ óïäþÙ’
convention.
Formal, prescribed; @@ߎ bàŠüÐ ðŠ@OðÝÙ’
ceremonious.
Palsy (med.); @@ôvïÝÑï÷@LóÝqó’@LóÝàò† ÞÝ’
hemiplegia
North @@ŠìíØbi @@ßb
Totalitarianism @OônŽîŠbnïÜbmüm @@óïÜí
@@õìò‹Øbm@LônŽîŠümbnÙî†
Degree, certificate; @@óàbäaì‹i@LóàbäóÜói ò†bé’
document.
Testimony, evidence. @@ômóîb’@Lðèaìó ò†bé’
Certificate @óàbäaì‹i@Lóàbåä‡åŽîí‚ @@HêïaŠ†I@ò†bé’
@@Hç‡åŽîí‚@õI
Certificate of @õbàbäaì‹i@LóàbååŽïéèŠói Êå—Üa@ßbáØg@ò†bé’
manufacture
æŽïéàóèŠói
Certificate of origin @OpòŠ óåi@õóàbäaì‹i @@d“å¾a@ò†bé’
@@ó ìbš
Certificate of @ñóàbäaì‹i@Lóàbä@óáïi μàdm@ò†bé’
insurance
ðîbïå܆
Certificate of registry 熋؊bàüm@ñóàbäaì‹i @Þïvm@ò†bé’
University certificate @@üÙäaŒ@õóàbäaì‹i @@óïÉàbu@ò†bé’

١٥٢
Nationality/ @@óàbä‡ŽîŒ óïåu@ò†bé’
citizenship certificate.
Treasury certificate óàbä@óåï−ó óäa‚@ò†bé’

Marriage certificate @@óàbåäaŽï‚@OóàbäŠóìbè xaìŒ@ò†bé’

False evidence @@ûŠ†@ôïmóîb’ @@ŠìŒ@ò†bé’

Certificate of ç‡äaŠŒóàa†@ñóàbäaì‹i @ïdm@‡ÕÈ@ò†bé’

incorporation @óØ‹’
Certificate of origin ó ìbš@ñóàbäaì‹i d“åà@ò†bé’

Month @@Âäbà @@‹é’

Goodwill æŽîí’@Oó’û‹Ð@ðäbiìbä Þa@ò‹é’

Round, bout @@óîbØ @@Ãí’
Final round @@óîbØ@aì† @@ð÷béåÜa@Ãí“Üa
quid pro quo ôŽ ØŠün’@Lo’ói@o’ öð“Übi@öð’

Personal cheque @@ðóØ@ðØóš ð—ƒ’@Úï’

Blank cheque @ðØóš@LŽßbmói@ðØóš bïi@ôÝÈ@Úï’

ðr
Clearing cheque @OñŠbØüØbq@ðØóš ó–bÕáÝÜ@Úï’
õŒbØbq
Cancelled cheque @OòìaŠ‹@ðØóš ôÍÝà@Úï’
òìa‹Ùšìíq
Joint ownership @@ô’óiüØ @@Ëíï’

Communism @@ônŽï’óiìbè@LãïäüàüØ @@óïÈíï’

١٥٣
 ™
Rightful claimant @@Ša‡î‡äòíîóq @@óÔþÉÜa@kyb–
Proprietor, emplpyer @@ŠbÙäòìb‚ @@ÞáÉÜa@kyb–
Issued, come out @@ì횊ò† @@Š†b–
Exports @@ìaŠ†‹Žïä @@paŠ†b–
Outgoing (of @@ìaŠ†‹Žïä@Lò†Šbä òŠ†b–
correspondence etc).
Net ón‚íqLo‚íq Àb–
Net investment @ðäbåŽïèŠóiòì@ñón‚íq ðuŠb‚Šbárna@Àb–
abroad
ðØòŠò†
Net private domestic @ðäbåŽïèŠóiòì@õón‚íq @ðÝa@Šbárnýa@Àb–
investment
pójîbm@ðïÜbàü‚ @™b©a
Net imports çbØò†Šìbè@ñón‚íq pa†ŠaíÜa@Àb–
Net cash income ìaŠ†@ðmbèa†@ñón‚íq ñ‡Õä@Þ‚†@Àb–
Take-home pay óšìíà@ñón‚íq kmaŠ@Àb–
Net exports çbØò†Šbä@ñón‚íq paŠ†b–@Àb–
Raise (accusation) @@ÿbqóäa†@póàüm @@HóáémI@×b—Üa
against
Apprentice, helper @@†‹ b’ @@Êäb–
Journalism @@õŠó óàbäˆûŠ @@óÐbz–
Yellow journalism @@@õŠó óàbäˆûŠ @ò†ŠòŒ @@öa‹Ñ—Üa@óÐbz—Üa

١٥٤
Underground press @@ôåŽïéä@õŠó óàbäˆûŠ @@óî‹@óÐbz–
Health @@ôn슇äóm @@ç‡jÜa@óz–
Valid aìòŠ@LoaŠ @‰Ðbä@LðÈ‹’@L|ïz–
ßíÉѾa
Right oaŠ ÖyL|ïz–
Dowery @@ôîòŠbà @@×a‡–
Printed number of @@ˆam Ëíj¾a@Š‡–
copies
Fluke, stroke of luck, @@Š óqîŠ óЇ–
good fortune.
Gap; rift @@æŽïÜóØ @@ˇ–
Money changer; @@òìòŠü @òŠbq @@Óa‹–
Cashier @ìaŠ†@LòìòŠü òŠbq Óa‹–
oò†ói
Currency exchange @@òìóåîŠü @ìc@Ú–@Þî‡jmI@Ó‹–
@@HóÝáÉi@óÝáÈ
Disbursement HòŠbqI@ðäa‡Žïq @@HÊІI@Ó‹–
Exchange @LòìóåîŠü @LŠü íÜb÷ HÞîí¥@L@Ó‹–
熋ØóäaìòŠ
Free exchange †aŒb÷@ñ‹ŽîíÜb÷@OòìóåîŠ ü ‹y@Ó‹–
Spend, dispense, @@´‚aŒóà@L熋ÙuŠó‚ ×bÑäg@OÓ‹–
consume.
Difficult @@‘ŠíÔ@Lo‚ó @@kÉ–

١٥٥
Class @@ßüq @@Ò–
Adjective @@ìbåÜòìb÷ @@HñíÍÜ@|Ý—àI@óÑ–
Forgiveness @@熊íjŽïÜ@Llóu @@|Ñ–
Zero @@‹Ñ @@‹Ñ–
Deal æmìóÙŽîŠ óÕÑ–
Cheque @@ÚïŽ š @@Ú–
Deed, legal óàbäaì‹i@Lóàbä@óÜói HóÕïqì@L‡åI@@Ú–
instrument
Cheque ÚŽï’@L@Ûóš@LÚŽïš Úï’@L@Ú–
Authority @@płóò† @@óïyþ–
Attachment, affinity, @@ߎ óîaŠ @@óÝ–
bond.
Peace @@ôn’b÷ @@|Ý–
Glue @@òmóØ@L”Žî‹@Lsóš @@Îá–
Industry ñŒbó“ïq @óÈbå–
Decision-making @@ça†Šbî‹i @@Ša‹ÕÜa@óÈbå–
Primary industry ðîbmòŠó@ðîŒbó“ïq óïÜìa@óÈbå–
Manufacturing ŠbÙäaŠü @ðîŒbó“ïq @@@óïÝîí¥@óÈbå–
industry
Heavy industry @L‘ŠíÔ@ðîŒbó“ïq óÝïÕq@óÈbå–
õŒbó“ïq@óŠíÔ

١٥٦
Financial services @ðîŒbó“ïq óïÜbà@pbà‡‚@óÈbå–
industry
ðîaŠa†@ñŠaŒímóà‚
Light industry @LÛìí@ðîŒbó“ïq óÑïÑ‚@óÈbå–
õŒbó“ïq@óØìí
Infant industry @aìb@LóqŠüØ@ðîŒbó“ïq @óÈbå–@LóïnÐ@óÈbå–
õŒbó“ïq óø’bä
Nationalized industry ìa‹ÙïÜbàü‚@ðîŒbó“ïq ó¿üà@óÈbå–
Handicraft @L†‹Ùnò†@ðîŒbó“ïq óîì‡î@óÈbå–
õŒbó“ïq@ónò†
Industrial Œbó“ïq ðÈbå–
Savings fund 熋ÙmìóØó’bq@ðÔì‡å ÐínÜa@×ì‡å–
International @õìaŠ†@ôÔìì‡å @@ðÜì‡Üa@‡ÕåÜa@×ì‡å–
Monetary Fund
@@ômóÜìò†íŽïä
Peacemaking @@õŠbÙïn’b÷@Lôîaìón’b÷ @@ãþÜa@Êå–
Issue topic, subject @@póibi @@Òå–
Zionism @@ãïäüîaŒ @@óïäíïé—Üa
Picture; copy @@óåŽîì @@òŠí–
Facsimile @@oàínØ@O×ò†@õóåŽîì @@Þ–ýa@Öj @òŠí–
Formulation, drafting @@´’Ša† @@óÌbï–
Maintenance, upkeep @@´aŠbq@Lñj‚ó óäbï–

١٥٧
Pharmacy @@óäb¯bàŠò† @@óï܇ï–
Money exchange @òŠbq@LòìóåîŠü @ìaŠ† @@óÐ–
@ @òìóåîŠü
Banking ôŽ ØŠü òŠbq óÐ–
Banker òìòŠü òŠbq@LÓaŠó À–

١٥٨
 
Lost @@çì@LìbmìóÐ @@Ê÷bš
Officer @@ŠóÐó÷ @@Âibš
Liaison officer @@õ‡äòíîóq@õŠóÐó÷ @@ÃbjmŠýa@Âibš
Enlistment officer @@õ‹ ŒbiŠó@õŠóÐó÷ @@‡ïåvnÜa@Âibš
Traveling officer @@o’ó @õŠóÐó÷ @@‹ÑÜa@Âibš
Police officer @@ïÜüq@õŠóÐó÷ @@ó ‹’@Âibš
Guarantor, @@Šóiónò†@LŠbÙïnäòŠó æàbš
underwriter.
Guarantor @@Šóiónò†@LÞïÐóØ @@HÞïÑØI@æàbš
disciplinary @@õŠbÙåïia†@LôåŽïØóa† @@HÃbj›äaI@Âjš
Anti, against @@ˆ† @@‡š
Anti-trust óäbánà@òˆ† pbnìÜa@‡š
State taxes póÜìò†@ðubi óîýíÜa@k÷a‹š
Custom duties ð ‹àí @ðubi óïØ‹»@k÷a‹š
Ownership taxes @ŽîŠa‡ÙÜíà@Àbà@ðubi @óïÙݾa@Öy@k÷a‹š
Personal taxes ðóØ@ðubi @óï—ƒ’@k÷a‹š
Local taxes ðÜbàü‚@ðubi @óïÝ«@k÷a‹š

١٥٩
Preemptive strike @@ŁŽïèóä@O‰Žïèóä@õŒŠí @@óï÷bÔíÜa@H¶ìýaI@ói‹›Üa
Fatal blow @@ò‡å’íØ@õ‹iòŒ @@ónï¿@ói‹š
Consequential @@ü‚ìónaŠbä@ôäbîŒ @@‹’bjà@Ì@Š‹š
damage
Damage, loss ŠòŠòŒ@LçbîŒ HòŠb‚IŠ‹š
Tax, levy @@xbi @@ójî‹š
Profit tax óäb−aŒbÔ@LwäaŒbÔ@ðubi biŠa@ójî‹š
Capital gains tax @çbî@wäaŒbÔ@ðubi @kbÙàìa@biŠa@ójî‹š
óîbàŠó@ómìóÙò† @óïÜbcŠ
Surtax @ðÙŽïubi@LóäbubiŠó óïÐbša@ójî‹š
xbiŠó@LŠbiŠó
Inheritance tax paà@ðubi tŠýa@ójî‹š
Land tax @@óäbïîìòŒ @@Šýa@ójî‹š
@@
Agricultural land tax @LðÜbØín“Ø@ðîìòŒ@ðubi @óïÈaŠÜa@Šýa@ójî‹š
óäbïîŠbïn“Ø@ôîìòŒ
Income tax @@pbèa†@ôubi@Oóäbmbèa† @@Þ‚‡Üa@ójî‹š
National defense duty @ôäbán“ïä@ôî‹ Šói@ôubi @@ íÜa@ËbЇÜa@ójî‹š
Poll tax @@óäaŠó @@‘c‹Üa@ójî‹š
Pasture tax @@óäaŠòìóÜ@Lóäb’ìíq @@ðÈ‹Üa@ójî‹š
Excise tax óäbàóèŠói xbnäa@âŠ@ìa@ójî‹š

١٦٠
Progressive tax @óÝqI@ìb“ÙÜóè@ðubi óî‡Èb—m@ójî‹š
xbió“ÙÜóè@LHóÝqói
Income tax óäbmbèa†@Lpbèa†@ðubi Þ‚†@ójî‹š
Corporate income tax @LbïäbràüØ@ðmbèa†@ðubi pbØ‹“Üa@Þ‚†@ójî‹š
bïäbràüØ@õóäbmbèa†
Personal income tax @LðóØ@ðmbèa†@ðubi @óï—ƒ’@Þ‚†@ójî‹š
óäbmbèa†@óóØ
Capital levy @ðubi@LóäbîbàŠó ßb¾a@‘cŠ@ójî‹š
óîbàŠó
Residence/ home tax. @@óäłbà ŠbÕÈ@OæÙ@ójî‹š
Corporation tax @Oó Ša‡’ói@ðubi pbØ‹’@ójî‹š
bïäbràüØ
Exports tax óäa†Šbä@Lò†Šbäóè@ðubi paŠ†b–@ójî‹š
Property tax @ðubi@LòŠóiíäb‚@ðubi @ójî‹š@LŠbÕÈ@ójî‹š
ômóîbÙÜíà óïÙÝà
Land tax @@óäaíäb‚@ôubi @@óîŠbÕÈ@ójî‹š
Imports tax H熊ìbè@ðubiIóäa†Šìbè pa†anýa@ôÝÈ@ójî‹š
Value added tax @LŽßbq@òìaŠ†@ñbèói@ðubi @óáïÕÜa@ôÝÈ@ójî‹š
óäbîbèóiŠó óÐb›¾a
Direct tax ü‚ìónaŠ@ðubi ò‹’bjà@ójî‹š
Sales tax @OçbØóån’û‹Ð@ðubi pbÉïjà@ójî‹š
ôäón’û‹Ð

١٦١
Graduated tax óäþq@óÝq@OóÝq@óÝq@ðubi óuŠ‡nà@ójî‹š
Hidden tax Šbî†bä@LòìaŠb’@ðubi óÉåÕà@ójî‹š
Proportional tax óäa‰ŽîŠ @Oðîò‰ŽîŠ @ðubi óïjä@ójî‹š
Pressure @@çbnóq@LŠb“Ð @@ÂÍš
Guarante, assurance; @@Šóiónò†@LônäòŠó çbáš
pledge.
Guarantee, pledge. @@ónàŠbi @@çbáš
Secure @LŠó üà@Lìa‹ØŠóiónò† çbáš
ŠbÙåàaŒ
Social security @õónàŠbi@LñŠóiónò† ðÈbánua@çbáš
ômóîłóàüØ
Collateral ónàŠbiŠó Àbšg@çbáš
Bail @LõŠóiónò†@LpóÜbÐóØ HóÜbÑØI@óäbáš
õŠbÙåàaŒ
Implicit Šbî†bä@LòìaŠb’ áš
atrophy @@òìóäbØìíq @@HßaèIŠíáš
Conscience, moral @@ça†‰îì áš
sense.
Pronoun @@ìbäaŠ @@HñíÍÜ@|Ý—àI@áš

١٦٢
 Ã
Bird @@ò‡åÜbi@Lßóà @@‹÷b
Sectarian @@ôÐóîbm @@ðÑ÷b
Postal/ mail stamp. @@ßìíq@O‹àóm Hñ‡î‹iI@Êib
Typewriter @@‘ìíårïm @@@óÉib
Floor, story, level (of @@pbÔ@Lãüéä Öib
a building).
Ground floor @@ãóØóî@ôàüéä @@Šýa@Öib
Downstairs @@çb‚‹Žîˆ@LòìòŠaí‚@ôàüéä @@ÞÑýa@Öib
Land registry @@üqbm @@íib
Fifth column @@ãóvåŽïq@õŠìíibm @@àb©a@ŠíibÜa
veranda @@çaíîóè @@óàŠb
Energy @@òŒì @@óÔb
Capacity, aptitude oäaím @óÔb
Plant capacity óäb‚ŠbØ@äaím Êå—¾a@óÔb
Actual capacity òŒì@ò†‹Ø óïÝÉÐ@óÔb
Student, pupil @LôibmíÔ@LŠb؇åŽîí‚ @@kÜb
@@Œaí‚‹ŽïÐ
Oversea student @@ôØòŠò†@õŠb؇åŽîí‚ @@ðuŠb‚@kÜb

١٦٣
Printer @@ŠóÙqbš @@Ëbj
Printing @@熋Ø@tbš @@Êj
Character, natural @@o’ìòŠ ó—ï—‚@OÊj
disposition, temper
Blueprint, mastercopy @@tbšónï’@LŠbÙÝïŽ è @óƒåÜa@LöbÔŠÜa@óÉjÜa
@@óïÝ–ýa
True copy @LóåŽîì@L×ò†@L×ò†@ì@bÔò† @@Þ–ýa@Öj
@@çóòŠ@õóäa†
Class @@μš @@óÕj
Layer, sheet @@pbq @|Ý—áØI@óÕj
@@HÀa‹Íu
Ruling class @@ça‹áØíy@ôåïš @@óáØb¨a@óÕjÜa
Ruled/ governed class @@ìa‹ÙáØíy@ôåïš @@óàíÙa@óÕjÜa
Middle class @@oaŠòìbä@ôåïš @@óínà@óÕj
Hegemonic class @@ߎ aŒ@OŠa‡äìíàˆóè@ôåïš @@óåáïéà@óÕj
Doctor, physician @@Ú“îq @@kïj
Model, fashion, @@óäìí¹@LŒŠóm@LÞŽî†üà Þî†íà@Oxˆí¹@OŒa‹
design.
Flotation @ì@Ú“q@õŠaŒbi@óån‚ @pa‡åÜa@ì@âéýa@‹
óÜaìóÔ ×íÜa@À
Parcel, package @@Ûónói @@Hñ‡î‹iI@†‹
Dismiss, sack, fire @@H”ï÷óÜI@熋؊ò† @@HÞáÉÜa@æàI@†‹

١٦٤
The injured party @@ìímìóÙŽïÜ@çbîŒ@ôäóîý @@Š‹›nà@Ó‹
Way, path @@eŠ @@Öî‹
Deadend (road) @@eŠ @ò‹ŽîíØ @@‘Ša†@Öî‹
Main road/ street @@ŠaíîŒ@LeŠb’ @@ðï÷Š@Öî‹
Order (religious) @@çaíŽï’@LpóÕîŠóm@LŒbjŽîŠ @@óÕî‹
Production method @õŒaíŽï’@OŠbÙŽîđ Š xbnäa@óÕî‹
çbåŽïéàóèŠói
Method, way @@ŒaíŽï’ líÝa@OóÕî‹
Challenge, contest @@óäbm@Lça‡ŽïÜ@píäbm @@HaÈaI@æÉ
Parasitic, sponging. @@Šü‚ó“à@L‰àý@LŠü‚ý ðÝïÑ
Weather @@•óØ @@Õ
Set, assortment, group @@ónò†@LâÔbm âÕ
Application, petition @@aìa† @@kÝ
Demand, claim aìa†@Loaí‚ kÝ
(act/ state) of seeking @@õŒaí²ŒŠói@Oônî쌊ói ôÝÉÜa@kÝ
noble/ lofty ideals or
excellence.
Consumer demand @aí‚@Oõaìa† ÚÝén¾a@kÝ
@@æŽïè@OŠóiŠbØói
Perfectly elastic 
 u@ìaìóm@õaìa† @óä싾a@ãbm@kÝ
demand

١٦٥
Market demand Š aŒbi@aí‚ ×í@kÝ
Demand for money ìaŠ†@ŠóóÜ@oaí‚@Oaìa† †íÕä@ôÝÈ@kÝ
Inelastic demand 
 ubä@aí‚@Oaìa† ç‹à@Ì@kÝ
Aggregate demand ðØóàóè@aí‚@Oaìa† ðÝØ@kÝ
Movable demand @OÛüÜìíu@aí‚@Oaìa† Û‹znà@kÝ
íŽîi
Multiple demand ônaí‚@ò‹Ð †‡Énà@kÝ
Stimulating demand Šò‡äbè@aí‚ Ñ«@kÝ
Domestic demand ðÜbàü‚@aí‚ ðÝ«@kÝ
Order çbàŠóÐ@Loaí‚ ‹àa@LkÝ
Sect @@óÐóîbm @@Ò÷aí
Emergency @@ìbØbä @@öõŠaí
Voluntary; @@ðØòŒaí‚ ñŠbïn‚a@OðÈí
intentional.
Voluntarism @@ôn“îaí‚OõŒaí‚ü‚ @@óïÈíÜa
Torrent, deluge, @@ìbÐý@Lìb“ïŽ Ü Þï@OçbÐí
violent flow (of rain
water, etc.).
Length @@ôîa‰ŽîŠ† @@ßí
Artificial /synthetic @@†‹Ùnò†@õŠíÔ @@ðÈbå–@μ
clay

١٦٦
 Ä
Tyrant, oppressor @@ŠbÙàón@LŠa†ŠûŒ @@bÄ
Explicit ìbÙ’aŠ@LŠbî†@La‹Ù’b÷ |î‹–L‹èbÄ
Phenomenon @@ò†Šbî† @@ò‹èbÄ
Envelope @@‹Ðò†@LÓŠòŒ @@Ó‹Ä
Situation, state @@Šbi @@HÊšìI@Ó‹Ä
Condition, situation, póÜby@LxŠóà@L…û†ìŠbi @LË’@L@Êšì@L@Ó‹Ä
case
óÜby
Circumstances @LxŠóàíÜóè@L…û†ìŠbi @@Óì‹Ä
@@ça†ìbØ
Incidental @@H‹ qímíØI@ìbØbä@õŠbi @@ó÷Šb @Óì‹Ä
circumstances
Extenuating @@…û†ìŠbi@óØìí @@óÑѬ@Óì‹Ä
circumstances
Aggravating @@…û†ìŠbi@ò‡äím @@ò†‡“à@Óì‹Ä
circumstances
Aggravating @@…û†ìŠbi@ón‚ó @@ò†‡“à@Óì‹Ä
circumstances
Tyranny, oppression @@ãón@LôîŠa†ŠûŒ @@âÝÄ

١٦٧
 Ë
Return òìaŠó @LpìóÙò† kÙà@L@‡÷bÈ
Return on investment çbåŽïèŠóiòì@óÜ@pìóÙò† Šbárnýa@ôÝÈ@‡÷bÈ
Marginal return @ðmìóÙnò†@OòìaŠó ñ‡y@H†ì†‹àI‡÷bÈ
@ðîò†aŠ
Barrier/obstacle @@oóiŠói@L‹ŽîŠ @LsüØ @@Ö÷bÈ
Powerless @@çbìónò† @@ubÈ
Habits @@Ûóäbi@Lìí‚ @@pa†bÈ
Norms @@ãŠüä@Loàó @@pa†bÈ
Common/ pactice or @@oîŠóäíia† ‡ïÜbÕmì@pa†bÈ
custom
Habit, practice; @@@la† @@ò†bÈ
disposition
Just, justice @@ŠòìŠóq†a† @@߆bÈ
Just, equitable, fair @@aìòŠ@LŠòìŠóq†a† @@߆bÈ
Shame @@ônŽïéÐ@LôîòŠí’@LãŠó’ @@ŠbÈ
Gifted, masterful; @@Ša†ò‹èói@LbäaŒ@ò‹Ð@Lbäa† ËŠbi@OÓŠbÈ
connoisure.
Capital @@o‚ónîbq @@óá–bÈ
Out of work @@ìímìóØŠbØóÜ Þ bÈ
(machine, device,
etc.).

١٦٨
Unemployed, jobless. @@ŠbÙŽïi HÞáÉÜa@æÈI@Þ bÈ
Consequence, result, @@‰ŽîìbèŠò† ójÔbÈ
upshot.
Third world @@ãóïŽï@ôäbéïu @@sÜbrÜa@bÉÜa
Ranking. @LŒŠóióÝq@LŠa†óuòŠò† @@óÜå¾a@Oójm‹Üa@ðÜbÈ
@@ŒŠóióîbq
Public ÚÜó‚@LŠòìbàóu @Šíé»@L@óàbÈ
Worker, laborer @@ŠbÙŽî‹Ø @@ÞàbÈ
Factor ŠbØüè ÞàbÈ
Worker, employee, ‡äóàŠbØ@LŠbÙŽî‹Ø@LŠó ŠbØ ã‡ƒnà@L@ÞàbÈ
labour
Regent, ruler @@Ša†ŠbØ @@HðÜaìI@ÞèbÈ
Burden @@ÛŠó÷@LŠbi@LŠbŽïi @@ökÈ
Burden of proof @@ç‡äb¾ó@ôØŠó÷ @@pbjqýa@ökÈ
Liability for risks @@ôï‹móà@ôØŠó÷ @@@‹ bƒ¾a@ökÈ
Imposition, @@òˆü ÞÕq@OökÈ
inconvenience,
burden.
Personality cult @@ônŠórØbm @@†‹ÑÜa@ò†bjÈ
Clause, wording; @@òˆaìónò† òŠbjÈ
language; term.
Monition, warning @@‡äóq @@òÈ
Ammunition @@óäb‚óju @@Hóî‹ÙÈ@ò‚ˆI@†bnÈ

١٦٩
Mental derangement @ãóØ@LôàbÑàóØ@LôÝŽï @@ðÝÕÈ@ênÈ
@@ôîóØünŽï’@LôÝÔó÷
incapacity @@ôîìímìóÙŽïÜ@LônÐóäóØ @@vÈ
Deficit, shortage @@ôåŽïéàóØ@LçbåŽïémŠíØ @@HòŠb¤@LóïäaïàI@vÈ
Budget deficit óu†íi@ðäbåŽïémŠíØ @óïäaï¾a@vÈ
Trade deficit ðäb ŠŒbi@ðäbåŽïémŠíØ ñŠb¤@vÈ
Capital deficit óîbàŠó@ðäbåŽïémŠíØ ßb¾a@‘cŠ@vÈ
Balance of payments @ñììŒaŠóm@ðäbåŽïémŠíØ pbÈíЇ¾a@çaïà@vÈ
deficit
ça‡Žïq
Shortage @@ôàóØ@LçbåŽïémŠíØ ˜ÕäLvÈ
Miraculous; @LôîìíuŠóq kïvÈ
marvelous.
@@æŽïèŠìíŠó
Enmity @@ômóîbåàˆ† @@öa‡È
Implements, items @@ßóqíÜóØ @@ò‡È
Number @@òŠbàˆ @@H†‡ÉÜaI@†‡È
Justice @@õŠòì†a† @@HóÜa‡ÈI@߇È
Instability õàbÔóbä@LôàaŠb÷bä Ša‹Õna@ã‡È
(lack of) @@ôîb bøŽïi@Loóä óÝÑÌ@OÛaŠ†ýa@ã‡È
consciousness/
attention/ awareness.
Non-aligned @@ðäóîþŽïi @@Œbï®ýa@ã‡È

١٧٠
Incapacity @@ôîónîb’bä @@óïÝèÿa@ã‡È
Dissatisfaction, @@ôîaŒòŠbä bš‹Üa@ã‡È
discontentment.
Non-violence @@ñ‡äímbä @@ÒåÉÜa@ã‡È
Irregularity ðÙŽïq@öÚŽîŠ bä@LôÙŽîŠ bä ãbÅnäa@ã‡È
Inefficiency ôîòŠbÙŽïi@Lôîbäaímóä @òöbÑØ@ã‡È

Insufficient evidence @LçbØóÜói@ôîìaìómbä @@ó܆ÿa@óîbÑØ@ã‡È

@@çbÄû‹ @bäìíióä
No conviction/ guilt @@ôäaìbm@fi @@óïàíÙ«@ã‡È
Aggression @@õŠbv’‹ŽïèOça†Šbàýóq @@çaì‡È
Bellicose @@ŽïäòŠó’ @@ðäaì‡È
Incapable @@òŠbÙŽïi@LìímbèóåŽïÜ @@óïÝèÿa@âî‡È
Deposit ò†Šbr@LðØó“Žïq óÉî†ì@L@çíi‹È
Width @@ôäbq@Lôîbnäbq @@‹È
Demand (comm) @@ììŠóån‚ @ @‹È

Quotation @…‹ä@Lð‚‹ä@ñììŠóån‚ ñ‹É@‹È

ììŠóån‚
Market supply @ŠaŒbi@LŠaŒbi@ñììŠóån‚ ×í@‹È
ììŠóån‚
Labour supply @ŠbØ@LŠbØ@ñììŠóån‚ ÞáÈ@‹È
ììŠóån‚
١٧١
Inelastic supply 
 ubä@ñììŠóån‚ ç‹à@Ì@‹È
Short-run supply çóîb¦ŠíØ@ñììŠóån‚ ‡àýa@—Ô@‹È
Elastic supply @@ãŠóä@ñììŠ@ón‚ ç‹à@‹È
@@ììŠóån‚@òu@LH  uI
Joint supply •óiìbè@ñììŠóån‚ Û“à@‹È
Money supply @OìaŠ†@OòŠbq@ñììŠóån‚ †íÕä@‹È
o◊
Supply and demand oaí‚@ì@ììŠ óån‚ kÝ @ì@‹È
Statement of the facts @ôån‚ìbšŠói @@Ê÷bÔì@‹È
@@çbØòìa†ììŠ
Martial @@HôäóuI@ôîbb÷bä @@Hði‹yI@À‹È
Race @@Œó òŠ @@H‹—åÈI@׋È
Obstacle @@süØ@LòŠó óm @@óÝÔ‹È
Racism @@ônŠóqŒó òŠ @@óïÔ‹È
Petition @@óàbäýbÙ@LóàbåîŒaí‚a† @@HkÝ I@ó›î‹È
Petition @@ÿby쌊ó÷LłbÙ @@ê›î‹È
Dismissal @@熋iý@L´‚@Ž¶ @@ßÈ
Isolationism @@õ ŠbäóØ @@óÜÉÜa
Military @@õŒbiŠó@Lôîbqí @@õ‹ÙÈ

١٧٢
(at) Random @@ò‹mü @óÜ@LôØóàòŠóè @@ð÷aí“È
League, association @@bàüØ ój—È
Civil disobedience @ôîŠbý@Oçìíjï‚bî @@ð䇾a@çbï—ÉÜa
@@ÞïÅï
Insubordination, @LõŠbý@OõŠóï‚bî óÈbÜa@ã‡È@Oçbï—È
disobedience;
defiance, rebellion. @@ô“ŽïØŠó
Member @@ãa‡äó÷ @@í›È
Male organ (anat.) @@ãa‡äò‹Žïä@Lãa‡äó÷@‹Žïä ñ‹Ø‰Üa@í›ÉÜa
Active member @@aŠbØ@ôàa‡äó÷ @@ÞàbÉÜa@í›ÉÜa
Associate member @@Šò‡îŠbî@ôàa‡äó÷ @@ŠŒaü¾a@í›ÉÜa
Honorary member @OÓòŠó’@ôàa‡äó÷ @@Ó‹’@í›È
@@‡äóàüÙ’
Tender @@”“‚ói@LŠò‡äóm @@H‹ÈI@öbÈ
Gift @@μ“‚ói @@HójèI@öbÈ
Legal tender @õŠò‡äóm@O”“‚ói ðäíäbÔ@öbÈ
@ðîbbî
Bid @ñììŠ@óån‚@Lç‡äb‚‹ä ‹É@LöbÈ
@Lìa‹ÙîŠbî†@ðÙŽï‚‹ä
ça†Šaì
Breakdown, @@æmìóÙØóq@LæmìóØŠbØóÜ @@ÞÈ
malfunction
Holiday, vacation @@ìí“q @@óÝÈ

١٧٣
Spring holiday @òŠbèói@LŠbèói@õìí“q @@óïÉïi‹Üa@óÝÉÜa
@@ìí“q
Summer holiday @Læîìbè@õìí“q @@óïÑï—Üa@óÝÉÜa
@@ìí“qóåîìbè
New year holiday @@@ÿb@õŠó@õìí“q @@óåÜa@‘cŠ@óÝÈ
Mid – year holiday @@ÿb@õòíïä@õìí“q @@óåÜa@Ò—ä@óÝÈ
Lessan, warning @@‡äóq @@óÅÈ
Punishment @@a @@@lbÕÈ
Estate; farmland @@ŠaŒíîìòŒ @@ŠbÕÈ
Immovable property @@òìaŠŽîí óä@ôäbàb @@ŠbÕÈ
Real estate òŠóiìíäb‚ paŠbÕÈ
Impediment, snag @@oЋ @LsüØ@LòŠó óm @@ójÕÈ
Contract, binding @óàbååmìóÙÙŽîŠ @LoójŽî‹ ‡ÕÈ
agreement.
Job/ employment @òŠbØ@LŠbØ@ônójŽî‹ @@HÞáÈI@‡ÕÈ
contract
@@óàbååmìóÙÙŽîŠ
Adhesion act @LæmìóÙÙŽîŠ @òŠbšbä @@çbȈg@‡ÕÈ
@@õŠbšbä@ôåmìóÙÙŽîŠ
Principle act/ @@ôØòŠó@ôåmìóÙÙŽîŠ @@ðÝ–c@‡ÕÈ
agreement
Marriage contract @@õ‹iòŠbà @@bÙåÜa@‡ÕÈ
Sublease @‹Žîˆ@ðŽî‹Ø@ójŽî‹ æ bjÜa@æà@Šb°a@‡ÕÈ
‹ŽîˆŽ ói
١٧٤
Null contract @Oߎ bmói@õóàbååmìóÙÙŽîŠ @@Þ bi@‡ÕÈ
@@òìb’íÜóè
Deed poll @@μ“‚ói@õóàbååmìóÙÙŽîŠ @@ðÈm@‡ÕÈ
Consensual contract @õóàbååmìóÙÙŽîŠ @@ðša‹m@‡ÕÈ
@@óäa‡äóàììŒòŠb÷
Bilateral agreement @õóàbååmìóÙÙŽîŠ @@ð÷båq@‡ÕÈ
@@óäóîýìì†
Collective agreement @ߎ óàüØói@õóàbååmìóÙÙŽîŠ @@ðÈb»@‡ÕÈ
Certified act @@ôàŠóÐ@õóàbååmìóÙÙŽîŠ @@ðŠ@‡ÕÈ
Formal contract ðàŠóÐ@ójŽî‹ ðŠ@‡ÕÈ

Marriage certificate @@óàbåîŠóìbè xaìŒ@‡ÕÈ

Verbal agreement @@ôØòŠaŒ@õóàbååmìóÙÙŽîŠ @@ñíÑ’@‡ÕÈ
Solemn act @ì@eŠ@õóàbååmìóÙÙŽîŠ @@Hðáïa‹àIðÝÙ’@‡ÕÈ
@@óäbïòŠ
Valid contract @@o슆@õóàbååmìóÙÙŽîŠ @@|ïz–@‡ÕÈ
Private agreement @@ôîbb÷@õóàbååmìóÙÙŽîŠ @@À‹È@‡ÕÈ
Labour contract @òŠbØ@LŠbØ@ójŽî‹ ÞáÈ@‡ÕÈ
óàbååmìóÙÙŽîŠ
Real contract @@óåïÜbà@ônójŽî‹ @@ïÈ@‡ÕÈ
Illegal(unlawful) act @OðÈŠó’bä@ônójŽî‹ @@ðÈ‹’@Ì@‡ÕÈ
@@aìòŠbä

١٧٥
Illegal contract @OaìòŠbä@ójŽî‹ Ëì‹“à@Ì@‡ÕÈ
ôîbbîbä
Rescinded contract @@òìb’òíÜóè@ônójŽî‹ @@„bÐ@‡ÕÈ
Revocable contract @ôÙŽïåmìóÙÙŽîŠ @@„ÑÝÜ@ÞibÔ@‡ÕÈ
@õìbï’@OÛü’òíÜóè
@@oŽïi@òìóä‡äb’òíÜóè
Immoral contract @ói@ˆ†@ôÙŽïåmìóÙÙŽîŠ @la†ŁÜ@ÒÜb¬@‡ÕÈ
@@ôn“ @ônîŠóä @@óàbÉÜa
Nominal act @@æmìóÙÙŽîŠ @ìbäói @@ôg@‡ÕÈ
In return for payment @õóàbååmìóÙÙŽîŠ @@óšìbÉà@‡ÕÈ
(contract)
@@fØŠójäaŠói
Open end contract òìa‹ØŠói@õóàbååmìóÙÙŽîŠ HÓ‹ÜaIínÑà@‡ÕÈ
Successive contract @Ûóî@õóàbååmìóÙÙŽîŠ @@‡n¿@‡ÕÈ
@@aì†ìŠói@/Ûóî@õaì†óÜ
Subcontract @‹Žîˆ@õóàbååmìóÙÙŽîŠ @‡ÕÈIæ bjÜa@æà@‡ÕÈ
@ýóiý@LðØòìý@O‹Žîˆói Hñíäbq
æmìóÙÙŽîŠ
Unilateral contract @Ûóî@õóàbååmìóÙÙŽîŠ @@‡yaì@käbu@æà@‡ÕÈ
@@óäóîý
Imperfect deed @@ìaìómbä@õóàbååmìóÙÙŽîŠ @@˜Ôbä@‡ÕÈ
Transport act @õóàbååmìóÙÙŽîŠ @@ÞÔbä@‡ÕÈ
@@òìóånaí

١٧٦
Rationalism @@ônŽïä⁄Ôó÷@LðäbÄŠè @@óåÝÕÉÜa
Barren, sterile. @@ÛûŒóä@LŠŒ@L•‹‚ âÕÈ
Penalty, sanction, @@a@LaŒóu @@H™b—ÔI@óiíÕÈ
punishment
Principal penalty @@ôØòŠó@õa @@óïÝ–c@óiíÕÈ
Additional penalty @@ŠbiŠó@õa @@óïÐbša@óiíÕÈ
Penalty involving @@熋؇äói@õa @@ævÜa@óiíÕÈ
imprisonment
Disciplinary @õa @@óïjî†dm@óiíÕÈ
punishment
@@HôåïÝrî†IõŠbØóïàóm
Corporal punishment @@ôîónóu@õa @@óî‡u@óiíÕÈ
Penalty involving loss @@Šóiì‹ib÷@õa @@óå÷b’@óiíÕÈ
of civic rights
Provisional penalty @@ômbØ@õa @@ónÔüà@óiíÕÈ
Concurrent sentence @@ìíša‡ÙŽïq@õa @@óÝ‚a‡nà@óiíÕÈ
Accumulative setence @Ûóî@õa@LaòŠüä @@@ójÔbÉnà@óiíÕÈ
@@Haì†ìŠóiI@Ûóî@õaì†óÜ
Belief, dogma @@Š òìbi @@ò‡ïÕÈ
Sterile, barren @@ÛûŒóä @@âïÕÈ
Treatment @@ŠóòŠbš@LŠbš @@xþÈ
Production relations @ðäbØóïî‡äòíîóq xbnäa@pbÔþÈ
çbåŽïéàóèŠói

١٧٧
Industrial relations @óïî‡äòíîóq óïÈbå–@pbÔþÈ
@çbØóïîŒbó“ïq
Public relations @@çbØóïïn“ @óïî‡äòíîóq @@óàbÈ@pbÔþÈ
Race relations @OôånŽï÷ò‹Ð@ôî‡äòíîóq @@óïÔ‹È@pbÔþÈ
@@õŒó òŠò‹Ð
Labour relations @ŠbØ@ðäbØóïî‡äòíîóq ÞáÈ@pbÔþÈ
Interrelationships @óïî‡äòíîóq @óÝ‚a‡nà@pbÔþÈ
çbØòìíša‡ÙŽïq
Relation, link, @@õ‡äòíîóq @@óÔþÈ
connection
Causality connection @@óäbïîŠbØüè@ôî‡äòíîóq @@óïjjÜa@óÔþÈ
Contractual @ôî‡äòíîóq @@óî‡ÔbÉm@óÔþÈ
relationship
@@õŠbÙåmìóÙÙŽîŠ
Organic relationship @Oðàa‡äó÷@ðî‡äòíîóq @óîí›È@óÔþÈ
ðäb Šü÷
Direct relationship ü‚ìónaŠ@ðî‡äòíîóq @ò‹’bjà@óÔþÈ
Sexual intercourse @ôïŽïuŠó@ðî‡äòíîóq @óÉub›à@óÔþÈ
@@HôÙŽïI @@HóïåuI
Correlation, mutual @@ðmóîbïî‡äòíîóqìbè ߆bjm@ÃbjmŠa@OóÔþÈ
relationship/
connection.
Trade mark @@ôäb ŠŒbi@ônÐbî@OóØŠbà @@óîŠb¤@pbàþÈ
Hint, reference sign @@çb“ïm@LbáŽïè @@óàþÈ

١٧٨
Mark, badge @@oÐbî @@óàþÈ
Indication, evidence @@óäb“ïä @@óàþÈ
Brand óäb“ïä@LòŠóqŠó óàþÈ
Indicator, featur, mien báï@Lóäb“ïä ó@L@óàþÈ
Question mark @@Ûó‹q ãbéÑna@óàþÈ
Quotation mark @Ž¶@õóäb“ïäI@óäaìóÙmìíu ‘bjnÔc@óàþÈ
@@Hæm‹ Šòì
Exclamation mark @@Ûò‹îó @@kvÉnÜa@óàþÈ
Evidence, indication, @@óäb“ïä@Oòˆbq óåïi@OóàþÈ
sign.
Publicity @@ó’óäbi@LŠ buón“Žïäbi @@óïäþÈ
Premium •óiŠó òìþÈ
Allowance, addition; @@óšìíàŠó @@HkmaŠI@òìþÈ
bonus
Annual increment óäłb@ñóšìíàŠó @óîíå@òìþÈ
Allowances òàŠó@LóÜbàŠò† Hpb——¬IòìþÈ
Can, box @@ímíÔ @@ójÝÈ
Archeology. @LôbäŠaìóåŽîí’ Šbqła@âÝÈ
@@ôäaŒŠaìób÷
Sociology @@ôäaÜóàüØ@LôbåÜóàüØ Ëbánuýa@âÝÈ
Criminology @@ôäaäaìbm@Lôbåäaìbm @@ãa‹uÿa@âÝÈ

١٧٩
Astrology. @Lôbåäì솊ó ÚÝÑÜa@âÝÈ
@@ôäaäì솊ó
Terminology @@ôäaŒòìaŠaŒ@OõŒbòìaŠaŒ @@pbzÝ—¾a@âÝÈ
Criminal psychology @Lçaìbm@ôïäaäììŠò† @@ð÷bå§a@ÑåÜa@âÝÈ
@@çaìbm@ôîˆüÜüÙîb
Secularism @õŒaí‚bïä†@OãîŠýíïÙŽï @@óïäbáÝÈ
Height @@ôîaŒŠói @@íÝÈ
On credit @@óäbánà@ŠóóÜ @@@†bánÈýa@ôÝÈ
Part-time workers @OŠbØòíïä@õŠbÙŽî‹Ø ð÷u@ãaì‡i@ßbáÈ
ãaìò†òíïä
Skilled workers HìímbéŽïÜIóàaŠbØ@ñŠbÙŽî‹Ø çì‹èbà@ßbáÈ
Money, currency @@òŠbq@LìaŠ† @@óÝáÈ
Act, action @@”ï÷@LŠa†‹Ø@LŠbØ @@ÞáÈ
Criminal act @@õŠbÙäaìbm @@ðàa‹ug@ÞáÈ
Handicraft @@oò†@õŠbØ @@‡ïÜa@ÞáÈ
Piece work @LóšŠbqói@熋؊bØ óÉÕÜbi@ÞáÈ
@ @õŠbØóšŠbq
Preparatory action @@õŠbØò†bàb÷ @@ñ›¥@ÞáÈ
Protective act @@õŠbØŽîŠbq@L´aŠbq@õŠbØ @@ðÅÑ¥@ÞáÈ
Statutory act @@õŒbÙŽîŠ@LõŒbÙŽîŠ @õŠbØ @@ðáïÅåm@ÞáÈ

١٨٠
Teamwork @@ŒòìòŠóè@OôîŠbÙÜó @@É’@ÞáÈ
Reckless act @Lóäa‹îˆbä@õŠbØ @@”÷b @ÞáÈ
@@óäaŠbØòŒŠóè
Act of war @LóäaŠbÙåàˆì†@õŠbØ @@Hði‹yIð÷a‡È@ÞáÈ
@@õŠbÙåàˆì†
Illicit action @LôÈŠó’bä@õŠbØ @@Ëì‹“à@Ì@ÞáÈ
@@õŠbØaìòŠbä
Legal transaction @@õŠbÙîŠòì†a† @@ð÷b›Ô@ÞáÈ
Work, employment; @@ŠbØ @@óáéà@OÞÍ’@OÞáÈ
business, vocation.
Foreign currency ðäbïi@ñìaŠ† @óïjåua@óÝáÈ
Key currency ìaŠ†b’ óï÷Š@óÝáÈ
Hard currency @ñòŠbq@LòŠbräa‹ @LìaŠ‡äa‹ ójÉ–@óÝáÈ
ìaŠ†óŠíÔ@L‘ŠíÔ
Circulating currency @ìaŠó @Oìa‹Ø‹ŽîíÜb÷@ñìaŠ† óÜìa‡nà@óÝáÈ
ìaŠ†@ónò†Šói
Blocked currency @Hìa‹ÙmüØIìa‹ÙØüÝi@ñòŠbq óÐíÔíà@Lò‡áª@óÝáÈ
ìaŠ†ónói
Mixed currency @óÜóÙŽïm@LŽßóÙŽïm@ñìaŠ† óÝn¬@óÝáÈ
ìaŠ†
Bank note @òŒóÌbØ@LŒóÌbØ@ñìaŠ† @óïÔŠì@óÝáÈ
ìaŠ†
Practical @@ôîò†‹Ø@Lôäò†‹Ø @@ðÝáÈ

١٨١
 Operation, @@çbà‹Ð@LôåŽîíäŠbØ @@óïÝáÈ
performance
Metho, procedure; @@†ünŽïà@Lóû‹q@LŠbÙŽîŠ óïÝáÈ
Process
Surgery, operation @LõŠó Šón’óä@LõŠbÙåî‹i @@óya‹u@óïÝáÈ
@@õŒbåî‹i
Pillar; shaft @@óØóÜüØ@LÃò‹î† @@†íáÈ
Column @@çìín @@†íáÈ
Spinal column @@o“q@õó òŠ@ìíà @@õ‹ÕÑÜa@†íáÉÜa
Vertical @@ôäìín @@õ†íáÈ
Commission çüïàüØ@LôÜłò† óÜíáÈ

Bank commission @LôÙäbi@ôäüïàüØ @@óïЋ—à@óÜíáÈ

@@Úäbi@ôïÜłò†
Dean @@‹ aŠ @@‡ïáÈ
Obdurancy @@õŠbý @@†båÈ
At sight @@a‡åmìóÙŽïqìbš@ômbØóÜ @@Ëþ ýa@‡åÈ
On demand 熋Øaìa†@ðmbØ kÝÜa@‡åÈ
Race @@Œó òŠ @@H׋ÈI@‹—åÈ
Racist @@oŠóqŒó òŠ @@õ‹—åÈ
Racial @@õŒó òŠ @@ñ‹—åÈ
Address @@çb“ïäìbä @@çaíåÈ

١٨٢
Heading @@ìbäŠó@L‘biŠó @@@çaíåÈ
Headlinc, running @@oŽï“äbà Hò‡î‹§a@ÀI@çaíåÈ
title (of newspaper,
ect.)
Barrier/obstacle @@oóiŠóiO‹ŽîŠ OsüØ @@Ö÷aíÈ
Communication @@õ‡äòíîóq@ônóiŠói @@ßb—mýa@Ö÷aíÈ
barrier
Back-to-work ŠbØ@üi@òìóäaŠó ÞáÉÜa@¶a@ò†íÈ

Compensation @@ìíiòŠóÔ @@íÈ

Globalization, @OôîaŠóäbéïu ó¾íÈ
globalism.
@@çìíjïäbéïuói
Defect, fault @@ônŽïéÐ@L•ìó‚@LÂäóä @@kïÈ
Shortcoming, @@ômŠíØíàóØ@LôbáŽïØ @@H˜ÕäI@kïÈ
deficiency
Lack of consent @@õ‡äóàaŒòŠ @óÜ@•ìó‚ @@bš‹Üa@À@kïÈ
In kind. @@óåïÜbà @@ïÈ

١٨٣
 Ï
Cancellation, @Lòìóä‡äb’òíÜóè @@H„ÐI@öbÍÜa
nullification
@@òìó䆋ٚìíq
Absent, not present. @@ŠaíŽïq k÷bÌ
Expensive, dear @@Ša†bèói@Lça‹ @@@ðÜbÌ
Vague, ambiguous @@Šbî†bä@LŁŽïÜ @@àbÌ
Prejudice, bias @@çaŠíƒ’ói@LçbÙ“ÙŽïm @ìc@Ò÷bÄíÜa@ÀI@³Ì
@@Hpþàbɾa
Gland (anat.). @@æŽîˆŠ ò‡Ì
Fine @@óäaìbm @@óàa‹Ì
West @@aìaŠü‚@Laìb÷ˆûŠ @@l‹Ì
Chamber of @@ôäb ŠŒbi@õŠììˆ @@òŠbvnÜa@óЋÌ
commerce
Chamber of industry ñŒbó“ïq@ñŠììˆ óÈbå–@óЋÌ
Clearing house ñŠbØüØbq@ñŠììˆ ó–bÕà@óЋÌ
Brainwash @@òìóån’@Ú“Žïà @@Ïbà‡Üa@ÞÌ
Fraud, deceit @@ón‚b@LŽÞŽïÐ@Lõ @@”Ì
Fault, defect @@•ìó‚ @@kïÈ@O”Ì
Metaphysics @@çbéäóq@ObîïÐbnŽïà @@kïÍÜa

١٨٤
Unoriginal, artificial @@çóòŠbä @@Þï–c@Ì
Futile, fruitless, vain. @@ŠòíŽïi õì‡u@ñˆ@Ì
Unofficial @@ôàŠóÐbä @@ðŠ@Ì
Trouble-free, safe @@çbïîŽïi@LõòíŽïi@Ló“ŽïÙŽïi âïÝ@OŠbš@Ì
Fixed, unchangeable @@Š ü óä @@Ínà@Ì
Unforseen/ @@ìa‹Øóåïåïj“Žïq@Opbé’bq ÊÔínà@Ì
unpredicted.
Unconvicted @@ìa‹Øóä@‡äói @@ãíÙ«@Ì
Not guilty @@çaìbnŽïi@LòbäíŽïi @@kä‰à@Ì
Disorganized, lacking @@ÚŽîŠ bä@LpŠóq âÅåà@Ì
coherence (system,
etc)
Nondiscretionary @Lìa‹ØóåŽïÜj óm ‹či‡àÌ
ìa‹‚óåÙŽîŠ
Unoccupied ߎ bmói@Lßüš ‹Ìb’LßíÍ“àÌ

١٨٥
 Ó
Interest, profit @@wäaŒbÔ@L†ìí @@Hóî†bàI@ò‡÷bÐ
Benefit, utility ÚÜóØ@L†ìí ‡÷bÈ@L@óÉÑåà@N@ò‡÷bÐ
Simple interest ò†b@ñ†ìí óïi@ò‡÷bÐ
Annual interest óäłb@ñ†ìí @óîíå@ò‡÷bÐ
Net interest @@ón‚íq@ñ†ìí óïÐb–@ò‡÷bÐ
Accrued interest @ñ†ìí@O†ìíüØ óÉávnà@ò‡÷bÐ
ìíióØóÜóØ@OìíiòìüØ
Compound interest @ñ†ìí@O†ìí@ónŽîìb÷ ójØ‹à@ò‡÷bÐ
ónŽîìb÷
Excess; surplus ‰ŽîŠ Šó@Lò‡ŽîŒ @÷bÐ
Economic surplus @@ñò‡ŽîŒ@Oñ‰ŽîŠ @Šó ñ†b—nÔa@÷bÐ
ñŠìíib÷
Budget surplus óu†íi@ñò‡ŽîŒ @óïäaï¾a@÷bÐ
Trade surplus ðäb ŠŒbi@ñò‡ŽîŒ ñŠb¤@÷bÐ
Capital surplus @ñò‡ŽîŒ@@Oõ‰ŽîŠ Šó ßb¾a@‘cŠ@÷bÐ
óîbàŠó
Excess demand oaí‚@ñò‡ŽîŒ kÝ @÷bÐ
Excess supply ììŠóån‚@ñò‡ŽîŒ ‹È@÷bÐ

١٨٦
Balance of payments ça‡Žïq@ñììŒaŠóm@ñò‡ŽîŒ pbÈíЇ¾a@çaïà@÷bÐ
surplus
Warning, notice @@çb“ŽïØaŠ@wäŠó @@‹Åä@pbÑÜa
Invoice ça†òŠbq@ïÜ ÊІ@óá÷bÔLòŠímbÐ
Deserter @Oìímýóè@ôîŒbiŠó@óÜ @@óî‡å§a@æà@ŠbÐ
@@ì솋ØaŠ@OŠaÐ
Comma @@Šüi@Lßí ‹Žîì @@òŒŠbÐ
Vacant, empty @@ߎ bmói@Ołaì@O•üi @@@ÏŠbÐ
Nullified, rescinded @@òìb’òíÜóè @@„bÐ
Corrupt, venal, @@ߎ ò‡äó ‡bÐ
crooked, dishonest.
Fascism @@ônŽï’bÐ @@óï’bÑÜa
Perpetrator of a crime @@ŠbÙäaìbm @@óº‹u@ÞÈbÐ
Principal Perpetrator @@ôØòŠó@õŠóÙi @@ðï÷Š@ÞÈbÐ
Opening of credit óäbánà@ñòìóä†‹Ø †bánÈýa@|nÐ
Search after, look for. @@μåÙ“q@LçaŠó @ŽðÜ @s¢@OHæÈI@”nÐ
HöaŠìI
Youthful and @@ìý@L‡äòìóÜ ônÐ
energetic (person).
Sudden, abrupt @@ìbØbä óÝÑÌ@Oð÷bvÐ
Dawn, sunrise, @LòíîŒbØ@L×óÐó’ Ëìi@O‹vÐ
daybreak.
@@òìóäìíiˆûŠ

١٨٧
Communication gap @@õ‡äòíîóq@ôåŽïÜóØ @@pýb—mýa@òívÐ
Foreign trade gap @ñóÔýò†@OôåŽïÜóØ @óïuŠb‚@òŠb¤@òívÐ
ðØòŠò†@ðïäb ŠŒbi
Cavity; hole. @@ÚÜìíÔ ò‹Ñy@OòívÐ
Examination, checkup @@μåÙ“q@LæîŠüä ˜zÐ
(med.).
Medical examination @ôåîŠüä@OμåÙ“q @@ @˜zÐ
@@ôïÙ“îq
Janitor, servant @@oò†Šói @@•a‹Ð
Individualism @@õŠóØbm@LômóîbØbm @@óÑÜa
vote Count @LÂäò†@õòìó䆋Øbïu @@@paí–ýa@Œ‹Ð
@@òìó䆋Øbïu@Âäò†
Investment @@¶óè@@OðmóЊò† Šbárna@™‹Ð
opportunities
çbåŽïèŠóiòì
Chance, opportunity @@ßóè@LpóЊò†@LóÅïÜò† @@ó–‹Ð
Job opportunity ŠbØ@ðmóЊò†@@L@ŠbØ@ðÜóè ÞáÈ@ó–‹Ð
To impose one's will @@‡äbqó@õü‚@ônîì @@êm†aŠg@‹Ð
Assumptions, çbØóäbº‹ pbïš‹Ð
suppositions;
hypothesis
Bough; branch @@ÚÜ @@Ë‹Ð
Branch of surgery @@õŠbÙåî‹i@ôÙÜ @@óya‹§a@Ë‹Ð

١٨٨
Vanguard team @@çbäó“Žïq@ôrïm @@Ê÷þÜa@ìc@ßbj’ýa@óÔ‹Ð
Division (army) @@‹Ù’óÜ @@êÔ‹Ð
Team @@âïm@Lsïm @@HóïšbîŠI@êÔ‹Ð
Corruption, @@ôÜò‡äó †bÐ
dishonesty, venality.
Rescinding of a @õòìóä‡äb’òíÜóè @@‡ÕÉÜa@„Ð
contract
@@oójŽî‹ @OæmìóÙÙŽîŠ
Market failure @mìóØóäŠó@OõüÙä ×í@Þ“Ð
Š aŒbi
Chapter @@‡äói @@Þ—Ð
Season @@Hߎ b@õI@ŒŠòì@O‰Ø @@HóåÜaI@Þ—Ð
Part, section (of book @@•ói @@HlbnÙÜaI@Þ—Ð
Separation of power @õòìó䆋Øbïu@ÚŽïÜ @@pbÝÜa@μi@Þ—ÑÜa
@@pýóò†
Rider @@üÙ’bq@OŠbiò‡ŽîŒ@õó ‹ i @@ÖzÝà@öu@OÞ—Ð
Four seasons @@òŒŠòì@Oò‰ØŠaíš @@óÉiŠýa@ßí—ÑÜa
Platoon (mil.) @@ßóq @@Þï—Ð
Leftover, residue @@ÛûŠó’bq @@pþ›Ð
Act, action @@Ša†‹Ø@LŠbØ @@ÞÉÐ
Criminal act @@õŠbÙäaìbm @@ðàa‹ua@ÞÉÐ

١٨٩
Tort, wrongful act @@”‚ójäbîŒ@ôÙŽîŠbØ @@Šbš@ÞÉÐ
Overt action @@ìbšŠói@ôÙŽîŠbØ @@Óí“Ùà@ÞÉÐ
Action and reaction @@òìóäa†ŠbØ@ì@ŠbØ @@ÞÉÐ@†Šì@ÞÉÐ
Action ،job، @õóÝq@Ló“ïq@L”ï÷@LŠbØ @óÑïÄì@LÞáÈ@LÞÉÐ
work،position
çbà‹Ð
Actual ðîò†‹Ø ðÝÉÐ
Loss of control @@ça‡nò†óÜ@ìóÝu @@ò‹ïÜa@ça‡ÕÐ
Section, passage ó ‹ i@L‡äói @ò‹ÕÐ
Subsection, paragraph @@Óa‹ òŠóq@Ló ‹i@‹Žîˆ @@ò‹ÕÐ
Paragraph @@ó ‹ i @@HlbnÙÜaI@ò‹ÕÐ
Vertebra (anat) @@ó ‹ i @@HâÅÈI@ò‹ÕÐ
Escape clause @õ‡äói@Oó ‹ i @@˜ÝánÜa@óÝïì@ò‹ÕÐ
@@òìóäb“ŽïØü‚
Thought, the action/ @@Šè @@‹ÙđÐ
process of thinking.
Theme @@óáï@LóØûi @@ò‹ÙÑÜa
Nationhood @Lòìómóä@õóØûi @@óàýa@ò‹ÙÐ
@@ômóîaìómóä
Notion, idea. @@óØûi@LÛûŠè óÈbjäa@Oò‹ÙđÐ
Ship @@ôn’óØ @@ÚÝÐ

١٩٠
Art @@Šóäíè @@æÐ
Art of compromise @@ç‡äbníäa†@õŠóäíè @@ðšaÜa@æÐ
Artist @@‡äóàŠóäíè @@çbåÐ
artistic @@õŠóäíè @@Ð
Technician. @@ŠbÙïåØóm @@HÐ@j‚I@Ð
Index (of a book) @@o‹ïŽ q@O‡äój’bq o‹éÐ
Regiment (army) @@çüïÜbmói @@xíÐ
Extraordinary @@bb÷Šììˆ@Lbb÷Šó @@ë†bÉÜa@×íÐ
In flagrant delicto @Lça @òìóäaìbmŠóói @jÝnÜa@óÜby@À
@@a‡ä†‹Ø@çaìbm@ômbØóÜ @@󺋧bi
Be isolated/ apart/ @@æmìóØ@Ûbm @@óÜÈ@À
alone; be at adds
(with).
Veto @@ünïÄ @@ínïÐ
Federalism @@ãïÜaŠ‡ïÐ @@óïÜaŠ‡ïÐ

١٩١
 ×
Commander (mil.) @@ò‡äbàŠóÐ @@‡÷bÔ
Troop leader @@çbØòŒbiŠó@õò‡äbàŠóÐ @@‡å§a@‡÷bÔ
Army commander @@bqí@õò‡äbàŠóÐ @@”ï§a@‡÷bÔ
Division commander @@‹Ù’óÜ@õò‡äbàŠóÐ @@óÔ‹ÑÜa@‡÷bÔ
Commander in chief @õò‡äbàŠóÐ@LŠýbbqí @@ózÝ¾a@paíÕÜa@‡÷bÔ
@@çbØòŠa‡Øóš@òŽïè
Brigadier General @@aíïÜŠó @@@öaíÜ@‡÷bÔ
Charge daffaires @@ŠaŒí ŠbØ @@ßbáÈbi@â÷bÔ
List; invoice, bill @@ónïÜ@LoïÜ @@óá÷bÔ
Extraction list @@çbåŽïèŠò†@ônïÜ @@xa‹‚ýa@óá÷bÔ
Inventory @@òìó䆋Ø@Šóói@ônïÜ @@†‹§a@óá÷bÔ
Salary list @@óšìíà@ônïÜ @@kma‹Üa@óá÷bÔ
Travel bill @ôîbï@LŠóÐó@ônïÜ @@‹ÑÜa@óá÷bÔ
@@o’ó
Payroll óšìíà@ïÜ kmaìŠ@óá÷bÔ
Black list oïÜ@ó’òŠ@L•òŠ@ïÜ öa†í@óá÷bÔ
Inventory @ñónòŠóØ@ïÜ óäì¬@†aíà@óá÷bÔ
ìaÜóè@Oìa‹ØŠbjàó÷
١٩٢
District Head @@Ša‡áŽîŠóè @@ãbÕá÷bÔ
Probable, likely @@ìbï’ @@ÞibÔ
Revocable @òìó䆋ÙÜbmói@õìbï’ @@ßbiflÜ@ÞibÔ
@@Ûü’@üi@LoŽïi
Combustible @@Ûümìí@Lôäómìí @@×ayþÜ@ÞibÔ
Liable (open) to @Lóåm‹ŽïqŠói@õìbï’ @@aÈþÜ@ÞibÔ
objection
@@Ûüm‹ŽïqŠói
Marketable @õìbï’@Lìbï’@ŠaŒbi@üi ÖîínÝÜ@ÞibÔ
Š aŒbi
Capacity @@oäaím @@óïÝibÔ
Transferability ÛûŠü @ñbäaím@LôØünaí @óïÝibÔLßbÕnäa@óïÝibÔ
Þîí¥
Aptitude, @@ôîò†bàb÷@Ooäaím †a‡Éna@OóïÝibÔ
qualification; talent,
gift.
Minor @@çóàónàóØ@LãbØbä @@‹–bÔ
Juvenile offender @@Šbý@ôàbÐóä @@|äbu@‹–bÔ
Juvenile court judge @@çýa‡åà@õŠòì†a† @@ta‡yýa@ðšbÔ
Appeal court judge @@òìóäìí›ÜóéŽïm@õŠòì†a† @@Óbåønýa@ðšbÔ
Investigation @@òìóåïÜüÙŽïÜ@õŠòì†a† @@ÖïÕznÜa@ôšbÔ
magistrate
Examining magistrate @@òìóåïÜüÙŽïÜ@õŠòì†a† @@ÖïÕznÜa@ðšbÔ

١٩٣
Judge, magistrate @@Šòì†a† @@HâØbyIðšbÔ
Courtroom @@b †a†@ôÜüè @@óáÙa@óÈbÔ
Base, rule @@Šìínò† @@ò‡ÈbÔ
Military base @çbî@õŒbiŠóI@óÙåi @ìc@óî‹ÙÈI@ò‡ÈbÔ
@@Hôäbb÷ @@Hóîíu
Rule prieiple; statute; @@óåi@Lbàóåi @@H‡ÈaíÔI@ò‡ÈbÔ
standar’d
Gold standard @@‹ŽîŒ@õbàóåi @@kè‰Üa@ò‡ÈbÔ
Gold bullion standard @ @‹ŽîŒ@ñón’Ša†@ñbŽîŠ óïjè‰Üa@Ú÷bjÜa@ò‡ÈbÔ
Principle of law @@ôîbbî@OôäìíäbÔ@õbàóåi @@óïäíäbÔ@ò‡ÈbÔ
Monetary base ìaŠ†@ñóÙåi óî‡Õä@ò‡ÈbÔ
Stature, height. @Lçˆói@LÂäó óàbÔ
@@ôä‹ ìbèói
law @@bbî@OçìíäbÔ @@çíäbÔ
Administrative law @ôäìíäbÔ@Obbî @@ñŠa†g@çíäbÔ
@@HõŠa‡ï÷Iõ‹Žï ŠbØ
Law of increasing @ðäìíi†bîŒ@ñbbî ™‹Ð@†ba@çíäbÔ
opportunity
ßóè@OpóЊò†
Criminal procedure @õŠbØìò‹ïŽ q@ôäìíäbÔ @pbáØba@ßí–a@çíäbÔ
@ôäbØbàóåi@õbbî@Lôîa @@óï÷a§a
@@çbØóïîa@b †a†

١٩٤
Civil procedure @õŠbØìò‹ïŽ q@ôäìíäbÔ @pbáØba@ßí–a@çíäbÔ
@õbbî@Lôäò†óà @@óï䇾a
@b †a†@ôäbØbàóåi
@çbØóïîŠb’
@@HçbØóïïäò†óàI
Law of evidence @@ç‡äb¾ó@ôäìíäbÔ@Obbî @@pbjqÿa@çíäbÔ
Family law, law of @õŠbi@ôäìíäbÔ@Obbî @óï—ƒ“Üa@ßaíyýa@çíäbÔ
personal status
@õŠbiìŠbØI@ôóØ
@@HôäaŽï‚
Criminal law @@çaìbm@õbbî @@ð÷bå§a@çíäbÕÜa
International law @@ômóÜìò†íŽïä@õbbî @@ðÜì‡Üa@çíäbÕÜa
Corporation law @ôäìíäbÔ@Obbî @@pbØ‹“Üa@çíäbÔ
@@çbØbïäbràüØ
Law of demand @õŒaí‚a†@Ooaí‚@ñbbî kÝÜa@çíäbÔ
Law of supply and @ôäìíäbÔ@Obbî @@kÝÜaì@‹ÉÜa@çíäbÔ
demand
@@õŒaí‚a†@ì@´‚ìbšŠói
Penal law @@ça†a@ôäìíäbÔ@Obbî @@pbiíÕÉÜa@çíäbÔ
Employment (labour) @@ŠbØ@ôäìíäbÔ@Obbî @@ÞáÉÜa@çíäbÔ
law
Law of diminishing @OômìóÙò†@õbbî @@ó—Ôbån¾a@óÝÍÜa@çíäbÔ
returns
@@ì솋ÙàóØ@ôàìíiìŠói
Canon law @@ômíèý@ôäìíäbÔ@Obbî @ðåÙÜa@çíäbÔ
@@HômíèþÜaI

١٩٥
Civil law @ôäò†óà@ôäìíäbÔ@Obbî @@ð䇾a@çíäbÕÜa
@@HõŠb’I
Code of procedure @ôäìíäbÔ@Obbî @@pbÉÐa‹¾a@çíäbÔ
@@õŠòì†a†@õŠbØìò‹ ïŽ q
Articles of @ðä‡äaŠŒóàa†@ñbbî óØ‹“Üa@ïdm@çíäbÔ
incorporation
bïäbràüØ
Commercial law ðäb ŠŒbi@ñbbî ñŠb¤@çíäbÔ
Law of comparative ðîò‰ŽîŠ @ðäì훎ïm@ñbbî óïjä@ÒïÜbÙm@çíäbÔ
cost
Law of diminishing @ð䆋ÙàóØ@ñbbî ‡÷aíÈ@˜Ôbåm@çíäbÔ
returns
çbØómìóÙnò†
Act of consumer @naŠbq@ñbbî ÚÝén¾a@óîb¼@çíäbÔ
protection
æŽïèŠbØói@OŠóiŠbØói
Constitutional law @@õŠínò†@ôäìíäbÔ@Obbî @@ñŠín†@çíäbÔ
Public international @ôïn“ @ôäìíäbÔ@Obbî @@ãbÈ@ðÜì†@çíäbÔ
law
@@ômóÜìò†íŽïä
Promulgated law @@ì횊ò†@ôäìíäbÔ@Obbî @@Š†b–@çíäbÔ
Public law @@ôn“ @ôäìíäbÔ@Obbî @@ãbÈ@çíäbÔ
Law of demand and @öoaí‚@ñbbî kÝ ì@‹È@çíäbÔ
supply
ììŠóån‚
Martial law @ôîbb÷bä@ôäìíäbÔ@Obbî @@HöñŠaí IÀ‹È@çíäbÔ
@@HÀŠíÈI
Labour law ŠbØ@ñbbî ÞáÈ@çíäbÔ

١٩٦
Positive law @@ìa‹äa†@ôäìíäbÔ@Obbî @@ðÉšì@çíäbÔ
Law @@çìíäbÔ@Obbî @@μäaíÕÜa@OçíäbÔ
Legal, statutory @ðàónï@Lðîbbî ðàbÅä@LðäíäbÔ
Center, hub, core, @@×óš@Lçaìbä Ší«@OkÝÔ
heart.
Receipt, receiving @@æm‹ Šòì@Lç‡äó @@jÔ
Acceptance @LçìíjîŒaŠ@L熋Ùäóóq ßíjÔ
熋ÙÜìíjÔ@LçìíjÝîbÔ
Conditional @@Ša‡uŠóà@ô䆋ÙÜìíjÔ @@ð ‹’@ßíjÔ
acceptance
Express acceptance @LìbÙ’aŠ@ô䆋ÙÜìíjÔ @@|î‹–@ßíjÔ
@@ìbÙ’aŠ@ô䆋؇äóóq
Tacit acceptance @@a‹Ù’b÷bä@ô䆋ÙÜìíjÔ @@áš@ßíjÔ
Implied acceptance @OòìaŠb’@ð䆋Ùäóóq áš@ßíjÔ
ìbØŠ†óä
Bank acceptance @LðÕäbi@ð䆋؇äóóq À‹—à@ßíjÔ
熋؇åóq@óÙäbi
Murder, homicide @@´’íØ @@ÞnÔ
Willful killing @@´’íØ@oóÕäó÷ói @@‡áÈ@ÞnÔ
Manslaughter @@oóióàbä@ôån’íØ @@ñ‡áÈ@Ì@ÞnÔ
Murder, assassinate. @@熋؊ûm@O´’íØ ßbïnÌa@OÞnÔ
Solvency @ñòìóä‡äaŠó @ônäaím æî‡Üa@ÊІ@òŠ‡Ô
òìóäa†ŒŠóÔ@OŒŠóÔ
١٩٧
Reading/ @@òìóäa‡ÙŽïÜOòìóä‡åŽîí‚ @@òöa‹Ô
interpretation
Decision, Resolution, @@Šbî‹i @@Ša‹Ô
Sentence @@熋؊bjäaìbm@õŠbî‹i @@HâIóäa†g@Ša‹Ô
Charge, Indictment @@熋؊bjmóàüm@õŠbî‹i @@ãbémýa@Ša‹Ô
Verdict of not guilty @@ôäaìbnŽïi@õŠbî‹i @@HòöaÜaIó÷m@Ša‹Ô
Writ of attachment @oò†@õŠbî‹i @@vy@Ša‹Ô
@@æm‹ a†Šóói
Judgement in absentia @@óÝbq@õŠbî‹i @@ðibïÌ@Ša‹Ô
Final judgement @@òìòŠóØþØóî@õŠbî‹i @@ðÉÔ@Ša‹Ô
Media pirates @@bî‡ïà@õäbÐ @Oómóš @ÂíÜa@óå–a‹Ô
@@ðàþÈýa
Loan ãaì@LŒŠóÔ Hæî†I@‹Ô
Mortgage loan @@ónàŠbi@ói@†ŠóÔ@Oãaì @@æè‹i@‹Ô
Overdue @LíîŠórŽïm@ò†aì@ñŠŒóÔ @„îŠbm@Œìb¤@‹Ô
@ômbØóÜ@õŒŠóÔ ×bÕznýa
íîŠórŽïmü‚
Bridging loan @óäaíŽïä@LóåîíŽïä@ñŒŠóÔ Âïím@‹Ô
ŒŠóÔ
Soft loan @LçaŒŠóè@ñŒŠóÔ@Oãaì ˜ï‚Š@‹Ô
ŒŠóÔ@óäaŒŠóè
Personal loan ‘óØ@óØbm@ñŒŠóÔ@Oãaì ð—ƒ’@‹Ô

١٩٨
Long term debt çóîb‚‰ŽîŠ†@ñŒŠóÔ@Oãaì Þuýa@Þîí @‹Ô
Unsecured debt Šó üàbä@ñŒŠóÔ@Oãaì çíá›à@Ì@‹Ô
Short term debt çóîb¦ŠíØ@ñŒŠóÔ@Oãaì Þuýa@—Ô@‹Ô
Forward loan @òìbà@ói@ça†ŒŠóÔ@Oça‡àaì @@Þuÿ@‹Ô
Tied loan Ša‡uŠóà@ñŒŠóÔ@Oãaì Ãì‹“à@‹Ô
Bank loan Úäbi@ñŒŠóÔ@Oãaì À‹—à@‹Ô
Unsecured loan, loan @Oòìa‹Ø@õŒŠóÔ@Oãaì @@Óí“Ùà@‹Ô
overdraft
@@ììŠóÜ
Stationary @@ôäóàóåïìíä óïb ‹Ô
Lot, draw; lottery; @@Ú“q@LÚ“qìm óÈ‹Ô
ballot
Initial loans ðîbmòŠó@ñŒŠóÔ@Oãaì @óïÜìa@ì‹Ô
Guaranteed loans ìa‹Ùåïia†@ñŒŠóÔ@Oãaì @óäíá›à@ì‹Ô
Home loans òŠóiíäb‚@ñŒŠóÔ@Oãaì @óïÜåà@ì‹Ô
Global village @@ôäbéïu@õ‡äí @@óï¾bÉÜa@óî‹ÕÜa
Presumption @LóÜói@ó›áïä@OóÙîä @@óåî‹Ô
@@ôØòìý@õóÜói
Dividend @LwäaŒbÔ@ðäüqüØ @kï—äI@biŠa@â÷bÔ
@óÜ@Ú“q@ðmìóØŠóiI HbiŠýa@æà@âéÜa
HwäaŒbÔ
Instalment •ói@HoïÔI@ˆbq ÂÔ
١٩٩
Premium @L熋Øbïå܆@ð’ói@ò‹i òìþÈLμàdnÜa@ÂÔ
óšíàŠó
Department @@•ói @@âÔ
Section, division. @@@ßóq âÔ
Section, sector @@pŠóØ @@@âÔ@
Department of @OõŒbåî‹i@ô’ói @@@óya‹§a@âÔ
surgery
@@õŠó Šón’óä
Coupon; counterfoil @@óÜìíq@LçüqüØ @@óáïÔ
Deposit slip @õóÜìíq@L熊br@ðàŠüÐ Ëa‡îýa@óáïÔ
熊br
Intentional @@oóióàói@LoóÕäó÷ói @@ñ‡—Ô
Intentionality @@õŠbÙòìóè @@óÕÜa
Brainstorming @@çaˆóè@Šè @@èˆ@Ò—Ô
Short term @@çóîb¦ŠíØ ‡àýa@—Ô
District @@âŽîŠóè@Oóšìbä @@öb›Ô
Jurisprudence @@õŠòì†a† @@öb›Ô
Justice @@†a† @@H߇ÈIöb›Ô
Judicial @@õŠòì†a† @@ð÷b›Ô
Affair, case, issue @@póibi@LŒû†@Ló“ŽïØ @@HóÝàbÉàIóï›Ô

٢٠٠
Sector. @@pŠóØ ËbÔ
Public sector. @@@ôn“ @ômŠóØ ãbÈ@ËbÔ
Leading sector @ @ŠójŽîŠ @ðmŠóØ H‡÷aŠI‡÷bÔ@ËbÔ
Pole @@Šóàóu @@kÔ
Diameter, width/ @@HóäŒbi@õI@òm@OîŽ Š Hò‹÷a‡ÜaI@‹Ô
thickness (ie of a
circle); caliber, bore
(of a tube).
Salary cutoff @@ñ‹ióšìíà @@kma‹Üa@ÊÔ
Flock @@çaŠ @@ÊïÔ
Prisoner dock @@óÝî† @@õ‹ÿa@˜ÑÔ
Centre @@‡äòìbä @@kÝÔ
Troubled, bothered. @@ãaŠb÷bä@Oò†ŠìŒb÷ ÖÝÔ
Registry @@@•ói@Šbàüm @@Þïvm@OÞvÜa@âÝÔ
Private secretary @@ó ŒaŠ @@ñ‹Üa@âÝÕÜa
Moon @@Æîóè@LÂäbà @@‹áÔ
Channel, watercourse, @@ûŠòìb÷@Ló üu@L‡äòŠó‚ @òbåÔ
waterway
Canal @@‡äóØüä @@òbåÔ
Channel. @@ߎ bäóØ òbåÔ
Communication @Oç‡äbîó @õ‡äòŠó‚ @@ßb—mýa@òbåÔ
channel

٢٠١
 @@õ‡äòíîóq
Mask, disguise. @@•üqììŠ@LÚàbàò† ËbåÔ
International (UN) @ômóÜìò†íŽïä@õìbØbä@õŽïè @@óïÜì‡Üa@öñŠaíÜa@paíÔ
Emergency Force
Peace-keeping force @@ŽîŠbrïn’b÷@õŽïè @@ãþÜa@ÆÑy@paíÔ
Norm, principle @@bàóåi @@‡ÈaíÔ
Principles of @@õŠbïäaŒ@ôäbØbàóåi @@óЋɾa@‡ÈaíÔ
knowledge
Policy rules póbï@ðäbØbŽîŠ @óbï@‡ÈaíÔ
Work rules 熋؊bØ@ðäbØbŽîŠ ÞáȇÈaíÔ
Force @@Žïè @@òíÕÜa
Power @@òŒì@Lpłóò†@LŽïè @@óÔb LóÝLòíÔ
Force, weight, effect. @ @μm@LõŠóîŠbØ @@qdm@OòíÔ
Purchasing power æî‹Ø@ñŽïè óï÷a‹’@òíÔ
Manpower ŠbØ@ñŽïè ÞáÈ@òíÔ
Power @@òŒì @@óÔb @OòíÔ
Bracket @@óäaìóØ @@‘íÔ
Small brackets @@óäaìóØ@pìíu @@æîÍ–@μíÔ
Say, state, utter. @@çaì†@Læmí ßíÔ
Expression, @@æî‹iŠò†@Lo’ŠaŒí ßíÔ
articulation,
٢٠٢
interpretation (of
concept/ theme, etc.).
Nationalist, national @@ôäbán“ïä@Oôîòìómóä @@ ì@OðàíÔ
Nationalism @@ômóîaìómóä @@óïàíÔ
Internal security force @@ü‚ìbä@ô“îbb÷@ñŽïè @@ðÝ‚a‡Üa@æàýa@õíÔ
Market forces Š aŒbi@ðäbØòŽïè ×íÜa@õíÔ
Production forces çbåŽïéàóèŠói@ðäbØòŽïè xbnäa@õíÔ
Man power @óà†Šóà@Lðîû‹à@ñŽïè óî‹“i@õíÔ
Žïè
Labour forces ŠbØ@ñŽïè óÝàbÈ@õíÔ
Army/ military @@bqí@ôîŠa‡äbàŠóÐ @@”ï§a@ò†bïÔ
command
Collective leadership @Oôèû‹ @ôïmóîa†‹ØŠó @@óïÈb»@ò†bïÔ
@@õŒòìòŠóè
Standard, measure @@óäaíŽïq@LŠòíŽïq @@@‘bïÔ
Measurement çaíŽïq ‘bïÔ
Measurement @@@íŽïrnŠbi @@Hâv¨aI@‘bïÔ
Measure of value íŽïqbèói@Lbèói@ñŠòíŽïq óáïÔ@‘bïÔ
Measure, test, @@ŠòíŽïq@LóàŒó÷ ŠbïÉà@L‘bïÔ
benchmark.
Chain @@ò−Œ@L−Œ @@‡ïÔ
Fiscal restrain ðîaŠa†@ðmüØ@OŠónói ðÜbà@‡ïÔ

٢٠٣
Values @@çbØó‚óîbi @@âïÔ
Valuable, precious @@…‹äói @@âčïÔ
Spiritual value @õbèói@LôäììŠò†@ô‚óîbi @@óïyìŠ@âïÔ
@@ôäbï
Value @bèói óáïÔ
Face value ìbäói@õbèói@Lbèói@òìbä óïa@óáïÔ
Exchange value @õbèói@LòìóåîŠü @ñbèói óï܆bjm@óáïÔ
Š ü íÜb÷
Parity ìaŠ†@ðîbmìbè@ñbèói óÝáÉÝÜ@óï܆bÉm@óáïÔ
Intrinsic value @ónaŠ@LóåïÔónaŠ@ñbèói @óïÕïÕy@óáïÔ
bèói
Market value bèói@òŠaŒbi@OŠ aŒbi@ñbèói ×í@óáïÔ
Capital net worth óîbàŠó@‚íq@ñbèói ßb¾a@‘c‹Ü@óïÐb–@óáïÔ
Declared value ìa‹Øa‹Ù’b÷@ñbèói béi@‹—à@óáïÔ
Price, value, worth @@…‹ä @@êáïÔ
Import restrictions @çbåŽïè@O熊ìbè@ðäbØómüØ †ana@†íïÔ
Exchange restrictions @Oñ‹ŽîìíÜb÷@ðäbØómüØ Ó‹—Üa@†íïÔ
ôŽ ØŠün’
Trade restrictions ðäb ŠŒbi@ðäbØómüØ óîŠb¤@†íïÔ

٢٠٤
 Û
Writer, author @@‘ìíåi@LŠóìíä @@kmbØ
Clerk @@aŒà @@kmbØ
Accountant @LŠbØŠbàˆ@L‹ ŠónÐò† @@pbib¨a@kmbØ
@@Šbî‹Žïàˆ
Typist @@ŠbÙrïm @@óÉibÜa@kmbØ
Notary public @@‘ìíä†a† @@߇ÉÜa@kmbØ
Secretary, confidant @@•üqŒaŠ @@‹Üa@bØ
Untruthful, dishonest. @@çŒûŠ†@O‘bäóåïnaŠ lˆbØ
Cartel @@ÞŽïmŠbØ @@ÞïmŠbØ
Catastrophe, disaster @@pbòŠbØ @@óqŠbØ
Charisma @@bàîŠbØ @@bàîŠbØ
Wage earner @ @ŠbÙŽî‹Ø@LŠóØa‡îóq@e‹Ø Šíua@kbØ
Paper @@ŒóÌbØ @@H׊ìI@‡ÌbØ
Book @@kŽïnØ @@lbnØ
Letter @@ìa‹ìíä@Oóàbä @@HóÜbŠI@lbnØ
Your letter @@çbmìa‹ìíä@LçbmóØóàbä @@âÙibnØ
Blocs @@Ûón“‚@LÛüÝi@LüØ @@ÞnØ

٢٠٥
Trade blocks ðäb ŠŒbi@ðØüÝi óîŠb¤@ÞnØ
Mass @õòìaŠaŒI@ónŠbi@LòŠaìóÔ @@HðáÝÈ@|Ý—àI@óÝnØ
@@HônäaŒ
Labour intensive ŠbØ@ðî‹ š ÞáÉÜa@óÐbrØ
Capital intensive óîbàŠó@ðî‹š ßb¾a@‘cŠ@óÐbrØ
Population density @@çaìín“ïäa†@ôî‹š @@óïäbÙ@óÐbrØ
Ball @@tüm @@ò‹Ø
Basketball @@óÙbi @@óÝÜa@ò‹Ø
Volleyball @@óÜbi @@ò‹÷bÜa@ò‹Ø
Football @@fq@ôqüm@OæïŽ Ü üjmíÐ @@ã‡ÕÜa@ò‹Ø
Chronology @ôîaì†ìŠói@LðuüÜüäû‹Ø @@bïuíÜíäì‹Ø
@@çbØòìa†ììŠ
Depression @@LñŠaŒbjŽïi Hñ†b—nÔcI@†íØŠ@L†bØ
HñŠìíib÷I
Slump, depression @LñØŠaŒbi@LñŠaŒbjŽïi ÃíjèL†bØ
μqóma†
Lazy @@ÿóàóm @@çþØ
Clothing, attire @@@Ûb’üq @@òíØ
Lethargic, sluggish @@óÙÝîìb‚ ßíØ
Pioneer, explorer @@oíš@LÛíibš@Lìò‹“Žïq @@Ób“Ø

٢٠٦
Scouting; exploration. @@ôäaìò‡î† óÐb“Ø
Scouts @LçbØíibš@Lçaìò‹“Žïq @@óÐb“Ø
@@çaìò‡î†
Abrasion @ôÙŽîìaŠaŒI@ç‡äa‹Ø @|Ý—àI@“Ø
@@HôîòŒa‡äó÷ @@Hô‡åè
Check, examination @@òìó䆋ÙïÔbm@LæîŠüä @@Ò“Ø
Bank statement ðÕäbi@ñŠò‡äb“ïq@ônïÜ Ó‹—à@Ò“Ø
Competence, ability @@ôîóàaŠbØOôîìímbéŽïÜ @@òöbÑØ
Efficiency @Loäaím@LðîìímbéŽïÜ òöbÑØ
íš
Economic efficiency @Oäaím@OðîìímbéŽïÜ @óî†b—nÔa@òöbÑØ
ñŠìíib÷Híš
Competence @@ôîónîb’ @@òŠa‡u@LòöbÑØ
Hand to mouth @Šò†óÔóiIãóØŠûŒ ÀbÑØ
@õò‡åŽïè@LHoîíŽïq
ô ŠóàóÜíØ@LoîíŽïq
Bail, guarantee, @@póÜbÐóØ@LõŠóiónò† @@HçbášI@óÜbÑØ
indemnity
Indemnity bond ìíiòŠóÔ@ñóÜaìóÔ îíÉm@óÜbÑØ
Personal Guarantee @HômóÜbÐóØIôîŠóiónò† @@óï—ƒ’@óÜbÑØ
@@Hô‚ó’IôóØ
Legal guarantee @HômóÜbÐóØIôîŠóiónò† @@óï÷b›Ô@óÜbÑØ
@@ñŠòìa†
٢٠٧
Bank guarantee @@ôÙäbi@ôïnäòŠó @OónàŠbi @@óïЋ—à@óÜbÑØ
Bail, surety @OômóÜbÐóØ@OónàŠbi @@óî‡Õä@óÜbÑØ
@@òŠbqói@ôîŠóiónò†
Bailsman; sponsor, @@Šóiónò†@OÞïÐóØ @@ÞïÑØ
guarantor
Talk/ statement @@ómì@Oómí ãþØ
Speech @@ò‰Žïi @@ãþØ
Cost, outlay @@çì훎ïm @@óÑÝØ
Extra cost @@ŠbiŠó@ðäìí›ïŽ m óïÐbša@óÑÝØ
Cost of living çaŠòŒí @ðäì훎ïm ó“ïɾa@óÑÝØ
Cost of production çbåŽïéàóèŠói@ðäìí›ŽïŽ m xbnäa@óÑÝØ
Operating costs @LŠó óån‚@ðäì훎ïm ÞïÍ“m@óÑÝØ
熋َïq@”ï÷
Actual cost @LóåïÔónaŠ@ðäì훎ïm @óÑÝØLóïÕïÕy@óÑÝØ
@@ðîò†‹Ø@ðäì훎ïm óïÝÉÐ
Total cost “ @ðäì훎ïm óïÝØ@óÑÝØ
Word @@ó’ì @@óáÝØ
Word, what a person @@ò‰Žïi ÆÑÜ@LóáÝØ
says/ states.
College @@‰ïÜüØ @@óïÝØ
Secured note @ñóÜbïràüØ óäíá›à@óÜbïjáØ
ìa‹ØŠóiónò†
٢٠٨
Bill of exchange, @Lóàbåàaì@LóÜbïràüØ óÜaíy@LóÜbïjáØ
promissory note
óàbäóäaìòŠ@LóÜaìóy
Customs @@Ëàí @@Û‹áØ
Quantity @@‹ i@LônîŽ ‡äóš @@óïáØ
Sweeper @@Šò‡Ù @LçaìóØbq @@HßbiŒI@‘båØ
Chambers? @Lò†ü÷ý@Lçaíîóèý @@ïÜaíØ
@@çaíîón“q
Chronology @@ðuüÜüäû‹Ø @@ô§íäŠíØ
Commission @@çüïàüØ@Læ“ïàüØ @@çíïàíØ
Commission of @@çìíša†aì†ói@ôäüïàüØ @@óÉibn¾a@çíïàíØ
enquiry
Joint committee @@•óiìbè@ôäüïàüØ @@Û“à@çíïàíØ
Commonwealth @@sÝ îŽ íäüàüØ @@sÜíåàíØ
Congress @@Žî‹äüØ @@‘‹−íÙÜa
Condominium @@ãüïåïàû‡äüØ @@ãíïåàì‡äíØ
Conference @@äa‹ÑäüØ @@äa‹ÑäíØ
Confucianism @@ônŽï’üÑäüØ @@óïíï’íÑäíØ
Entity @@òŠaìóÔ @@Hðbï@|Ý—àI@çbïØ
Manner, method @@ônïŽ äüš @@óïÑïØ

٢٠٩
 ß
Non-sectarian, non- @bä@LôióèŒóàbä ðÑ÷b @ý
denominational.
@@õŠó óÐóîbm
Draft; outline @@óàbäóÜłó @@óz÷ý
Draft law, bylaw @@bbî@õóàbäóÜłó @@óïäíäbÔ@óz÷ý
Deserving, worthy, @@ónîb’@Lòìb’òíŽïÜ@Lõˆóè Ö÷ý
meriting.
Fit, suitable @@ìbï’ @@Ö÷ý
Aphathy @@ôØbjŽïi @@òýbjàý
Lino @@‰Žî‹ rïm @@íåîý
Committee, board, @@ónïàüØ@Lóä‰ïÜ @@óå§
task force
Selection committee @O熊a‰jÜóè@õónïàüØ @@Šbïn‚a@óå§
@@熋Ùäb“ïånò†
Valuation/estimation @@ç‡äb‚‹ä@õóä‰ïÜ @@‹î‡ÕnÜa@óå§
body
Drafting committee @@熋ØóÜłó @õó䉎ïÜ @@óÌbï—Üa@óå§
Control/ committee @O熋Ùåïia†@õóä‰ïÜ @@Âj›Üa@óå§
seizure
@@ŠóÙåïia†
Liaision committee @@@õ‡äòíŽïq@õónïàüØ @@pbÔþÉÜa@óå§
Central committee @@õ‡äòìbä@õónïàüØ @@óîØ‹¾a@óåvÝÜa
Preparatory @@ŠbØò†bàb÷@õónïàüØ @@óî›¥@óå§
committee
٢١٠
Committee of inquiry, @@òìóåïÜüÙŽïÜ@õóä‰ïÜ @@óïÕïÕ¥@óå§
investigation
committee
Nominations @@æmìłbq@õónïàüØ @@|ï’‹m@óå§
committee
Hospitality committee @OõŒaí“Žïq@õónïàüØ @@pbÑî‹“m@óå§
reception committee
@@õŠa‡äaíïà
Steering committee @@熋ØónaŠb÷@õónïàüØ @@êïuím@óå§
Sub-committee @@ôØòìý@õónïàüØ @@óïÈ‹Ð@óå§
Drafting committee @@‘ìíå’òŠ@õónïàüØ @@ò†í¾a@óibnØ@óå§
Commission @@çüïàüØ@Læ“ïàüØ @@ð›îíÑm@Oóå§
Moment, instant @@ìbm @@óŨ
Game, match @@õŠbî @@ójÉÜ
Basketball @@óÙbi@õŠbî @@óÝÜa@ò‹Ø@ójÉÜ
Volleyball @@óÜbi@õŠbî @@ò‹÷bÜa@ò‹Ø@ójÉÜ
Football @@æŽïÜüjmíÐ@õŠbî @@ã‡ÕÜa@ò‹Ø@ójÉÜ
Language @@çbàŒ @@óÍÜ
Pronunciation @@òˆaì @@ÆÑÜ
Verbal, @@ôØòŠaŒ@Lôîòˆaì @@ðÅÑÜ
pronunciational
Surname @@ìbåbä@LìbäŒbä @@kÕÜ
For information @@õŠa†b b÷@üi @@âÝÉÝÜ@O@Ëþ þÜ

٢١١
Brigade @@aíïÜ@Osïm @@öaíÜ
Necessities @@ônîìa‡Žïq @@ãŒaíÜ
School requirements @@ó ‹ŽïÐ@ônîìa‡Žïq @@óïŠ‡à@ãŒaíÜ
Lobby, lobbying (act @@ôiüÜ @@ðiíÜ
of)
Lobbyist @@ŠbÙïiüÜ @pbÈb»@OpbïiíÜ
@@ÂÍ›Üa
Logistics @@ônïuüÜ @@ïuíÜ
Notice board @@ó’óäbi@ðqò†@OüÝibm @@pbäþÈfia@óyíÜ
Fitness @@ôîìbï’ @@óÔbïÜ
Liberalism @@póïÜaïÜ @@óïÜaïÜ

٢١٢
 ã
Plot, conspiracy @@çþïq @@ò‹àaüà
Congress @@Žî‹äüØ@Oò‹äüØ @@‹¸üà
deferred ìa‹‚aì† @Þuüà

Harmful, injurious @LçòŒòìói@L”‚ói@†aŒb÷ Šbš@Lˆüà

@@”‚ójäbîŒ
Establishment, @@b Œò† @@óüà
enterprise
Institution, foundation @@ìaŠŒóàa† @@óüà
Wounding, hurtful. @@eíói@L
 ÙšŠí Šbu@Oüà
Eligible @@ónîb’ @@@Þèüà
Corroborated, @Lòìa‹Ùna“q ŒÉà@O‡îüà
confirmed
@@ìa‹Ùîn“q
Magna Charta @@bmŠbØbå bà @@bmŠbØbåub¾a
Matter @@ò††bà @@Höô’I@ò†bà
Subject, topic @@póibi @@HËíšíàI@ò†bà
Material, corporal. @@õ††bà ñ†bà
In kind, of material @@õ††bà@OóåïÜbà ñ
č †bà
value.
Marshall plan @@ߎ b’Šbà@ôäþq @@Hwàbä‹iI@ßb’Šbà

٢١٣
Brand @ôäb“ïä@Lìa‹ÙÝÔó’ @@óÝvà@óØŠbà
@@ìa‹ØŠbàüm
Marxism @@ãïØŠbà @@óïØŠb¾a
Problem, difficulty. @@ó“ŽïØ@Ló“îŠb÷ ó Šì@L׌dà
Livestock, cattle @@çaŠb @@óï’bà
Past @@ì솊íiaŠ @@ðšbà
Machine @@óåïØóà @@óåØbà
Funds, finance @@ߎ bà@LôîaŠa†@Lçbàb @@ßbà
Joint property @@•óiìbè@OüØìbä@ôÜbà @@Ê÷b’@ßbà
Real estate, landed @@òìaŠŽîí óä@ôäbàb @@ßíÕåà@Ì@ßbà
property
Personal estate @@òìaŠŽîí @ôäbàb @@ßíÕåà@ßbà
Multimedia @@bî‡ïáïnÜóàObî‡ïà@ò‹Ð @@bî‡ïà@Übà
Fiscal, finance ðîaŠa† @ðÜbà
Pecuniary õìaŠ†@Lóåïn‚óä Hñ‡ÕäILðÜbà
Public finance “ @ðîaŠa† óàbÈ@óïÜbà
Finance @@ôîaŠa† @@êïÜbà
Official @@‡äóàŠbØ@L‹î @@Šíàdà
Talented, skilled @@óàaŠbØ @@‹èbà

٢١٤
 Marksman, @@æŽïÙ“äb“ïä@LÂäóèóÜ @OHóîbà‹Üa@ÀI@‹èbà
sharpshooter.
ðàaŠ
Refuge @@ò‡Üa†@Lbäóq@LóÜbqóš @@õìdà
Discussion @@‰Žîìímì@Lça쇎ïÜ @@órybjà
Political initiative @OÚŽïrò† @@óïbï@òŠ†bjà
@@ôbï@ôîŠóƒ“Žïrnò†
Exchange @@Š ü íÜb÷ @@ó܆bjà
General principles @@çbØóïïn“ bàóåi @@óàbÈ@öñ†bjà
Commencement @@熋َïrnò† @@ò‹’bjà
Directly @@ü‚ìónaŠ@LŠóØóî @@ò‹’bjà
Beginner @@ŠbØüä @@öõ‡njà
Innovators çbØòŠóåŽïèa† çì‹Ùnjà
Priciple, standard of @@bŽîŠ c‡jà
conduct, belief; ideal.
Laissez faire @ñbàóåi @êȆI@Þ‚‡m@ã‡È@c‡jà
@ŽñŠ óïïŽ ÜIça†óäŠòíŽïnò† H‹º@êȆ@ÞáÉî
@ŽñŠóïŽïÜ@pbÙi@”ï÷
Hpaì‹i
Missionaries @ôqì‹ @LçaŠò†ò†‰à @@çì‹“jà
@@ô“‚ói@ò†‰à@Oõ“ióm
Informant @@æŽïîó aŠ @@ÎÝjžà

٢١٥
Amount, sum (of @ @‹i @@ÎÝjà
money)
Face amount ‹ iòìbä@Lìbäói@ÚŽî‹ i ða@ÎÝjà
Covered, drenched, @@Š óm@Lߎ łó’ ÞÝjà
soaked (in).
Sales, goods offered/ @@ðäón’û‹Ð pbÉïjà
purchased through
selling.
Followl up, chase, @@çìíša†aì†ói óÉibnà
track.
Plotter, conspirator @@‹ ïŽ äþïq @@‹àfnà
Qualified, fit @@ìbï’ @@Þèdnà
Reciprocal, mutual @LòìaŠü @LŠójäaŠói @@߆bjnà
@@ìa‹ØŠü íÜb÷
Mutual •óiìbè@LŠü íÜb÷ Û“à@L@߆bjnà
Homogeneous, @@μ›Øóî@LÛóïäíš äbvnà
similar.
Harmonious, in @@Âäò†ìbè @@lìbvnà
accord
Partisan; factious @@ly@õ‹äóîý @@lznà
Civil ized, cultured @@ôäbnŠb’@LŠòíîˆ @@‹›znà
Biased / partial @@‹äóîý @@ïznà
Circulating, rotating @@ìímbèŠbØói@Lìa‹‚Šó ói ßìa‡nà
(capital, money in the
market, etc).
Settled (as sediment @@ìín“ïä@Lón“ïä kà
at the bottom).

٢١٦
Consequential/ @@ónóiaì @Âiaà@O×ìbnà
conditional (upon);
interrelated Ãì‹“à@ObïÕåà
In contact, @@äbØóî ‹Äbånà@OÞč—nžà
corresponding
In solidarity/ @@ŠbØìbè@LÛŠó÷ìbè æàb›nà
agreement (with).
Proportionate, @@‹ ìbè@Lbmìbè @@Öibnà
mutually
corresponding.
Requirements, @L×bÑmì‹m@LßóqíÜóØ pbuby@OpbjÝnà
requisites, essentials.
@@ôäóàónîíŽïq
Multi - @@ò‹Ð @@†‡Énà
multicolor @@ÂäòŠ@ò‹Ð @@çaíÜÿa@@†‡Énà
Multi-faceted, @@‡äóèòŠ@ò‹Ð †bÉiýa@†‡Énà
multiform
Multi-racial @@Œó òŠ@ò‹Ð ‘båuýa@†‡Énà
Plural/ numerous @@çóîý@ò‹Ð Óa‹ ýa@†‡Énà
(groups, sides)
Multicultural. @@ŠìínÜóØ@ò‹Ð pbÐbÕrÜa@†‡Énà
Multi-layered. @@μš@ò‹Ð pbÕjÜa@†‡Énà
Contractor @@ô›maŠónäüÔ@LŠò‡åŽïÜ ói @@ßìbÕà@L‡éÉnà
Variable, changeable @@ìaŠŠü @LÛûŠü @@Ínà
Economic variable ñŠìíib÷@ñìaŠü @OÛûŠü ñ†b—nÔa@Ínà
Retired @@μ“äóäb‚ @@‡ÈbÕnà

٢١٧
Speaker @@Šò‰Žïi@LŠòíŽï‚b÷ @@kï©a@LâÝÙn¾a
Insurgent, mutineer @@ŽïqŠó@Lð‚bî @@†‹ánà
Experienced, @@íî‡äìíàŒó÷@LçìíàŒó÷ói ‘İ‹ánà
seasoned.
Distinguishing @@@òìòŠóØbïu@LŠbî† şïánà
(feature);
characteristic (trait)
Eact wording; text @@oÙŽïm@L×ò† @@´à
Text, main body @@oÙŽïm @@´à
Litigious @@ŠóóÜ@ôØüØbä@LŠa†ó“ŽïØ @@êïÝÈ@ËŒbånà
Proportional, @@‹ ìbè@Lò‰ŽîŠ ìbè ùÐbÙnà@Okbånà
equivalent,
comparable.
In step/ accord/ @@Œaìb÷ìbè âvåžà@OâÌbånà
harmony (with).
Influential @@ìín“îûò† @@‰Ñånà
The accused @@Šbjmóàüm @@âénà
Balanced, poised, @@Âäóìbè @@çŒaínà
equalized
Continuous, @@ãaìò†Šói@OŠó óàóè ‹ánà@OÞ–aínà
unbroken, endless.
Accomplice @oò†@Lçaìbmìbè @@öð aínà
@@ì솋ÙÜóÙŽïm
Average ‡äòìbä@Lð−ìbä Âínà
Per capita growth @õó’ó @ó’ói@ña‹ÙŽïm @æà@†‹ÑÜa@ó—y@Âínà
Äû‹à íáåÜa
٢١٨
Per capita income @OôóØ@õa‹ÙŽïm@ðmbèa† †‹ÑÜa@Þ‚†@Âínà
‘óØ@óØbm
Average unit cost óØóî@ôäì훎ïm@õa‹ÙŽïm @ò‡yíÜa@óÑÝØ@Âínà
Idealism ðmóîbäìí¹ óïÜbrà
Corroborative @@ìa‹åŽïnaŠ@Lìa‹åŽï¾ó @@ojrà
Educated, @@jØbäììŠ@Ljå’ûŠ @@ÒÕrà
enlightened,
intellectual
Ideals @@æŽîˆóè@Lߎ bî‡îb÷ @@óïÜbÈ@Þrà
Triangular @@ó’üŽï@Lìí@f @@sÝrà
Appearance @@çìíiò†bàb÷ @@ßírà
Inspiring, rousing; @@æŽîˆóé‚bä rà
stimulating,
animating.
Licensed @@ìaŠ‡äbšì @@Œbvžà
Given leare/ @@ìaŠ‡móÜüà Œbvžà
permission
Qualified, eligible; @@‹à†ì @@HbïáÝÈI@Œbvžà
licenced
Realm, sphere, @@Šaíi ßbª
province.
Field @@óîbØ@La†ìóà @@HðáÝÈ@|Ý—áØI@ßbª
Magnetic field @õóîbØ@Oa†ìóà @@ðï bå;a@ßba
@@ðïmbå íà
World/ realm, @@bïäì†@Lçbéïu bïä†@ObÈ@Oßbª

٢١٩
Civil society @Oôäò†óà@ôÜ óàüØ @@ð䇾a@Êána
@@ôäbnŠb’
Abstract, conceptual @@ôïÙàóš@OoØaió÷ ðáïèbÑà@O†ş‹ª
Criminal, culprit @@@Šbjäaìbm @@㋪
Channel, course. @@ìò‹îŽ Š @Ló›îìóØ õ‹ª
Path, course/ manner @@ìò‹îóq@L†û‹à Þïj@Lõ‹ª
of conduct, thought or
procedure.
Embodiment @@oóuŠói @@óáª
Magazine, journal @@ŠbÄü @@óݪ
Board, council @@pbÅu@Lçóàí−ó÷ @@ݪ
Board of directors, @Oõ‹Žï ŠbØ@ôäóàí−ó÷ @@òŠa†g@ݪ
Governing body
@@ŠóiòíîŽ Š ói
Security Council @@”îbb÷@ôäóàí−ó÷ @@æàÿa@ݪ
(UN)
National security @ô“îbb÷@ôäóàí−ó÷ @@ðàíÕÜa@æàÿa@ݪ
council
@@ôäbán“ïä
Gulf Cooperation @ôîŠbØìbè@ôäóàí−ó÷ @@ðvïÝ©a@çìbÉnÜa@ݪ
Council
@@ìa‡äóØ
House of Commons @ôïn“ @ôäóàí−ó÷ @@ðäbîÜa@ãíáÉÜa@ݪ
@@ôäbnîŠói
House of Lords @@ça†ŠüÜ@ôäóàí−ó÷ @@pa†ŠíÝÜa@ݪ
Parliament @çaŠóåŽîíä@ôäóàí−ó÷ @@H íÜaI@laíåÜa@ݪ
@@Hôäbán“ïäI
٢٢٠
US. House of @ôäaŠóåŽîíä@ôäóàí−ó÷ @@ðÙî‹àýa@laíåÜa@ݪ
Representatives
@@ôÙî‹àó÷
Council of Ministers @@ça‹îŒòì@ôäóàí−ó÷ @@öaŠŒíÜa@ݪ
The cabinet @@óåïibØ @@HòŠaŒíÜaI@öaŠŒíÜa@ݪ
Town council, @OôäaìòŠb’@ôäóàí−ó÷ @@ñ‡Ýi@ݪ
municipal council
@@ôäbÄ‹Žîˆbi
Constituent assembly @@ç‡äaŠŒóàa†@ôäóàí−ó÷ @@@ïdm@ݪ
Board of trade ðäb ŠŒbi@ðäóàí−ó÷ òŠb¤@ݪ
Legislative body @@çbäa†bbî@ôäóàí−ó÷ @@ðÉî‹“m@ݪ
(Executive) council or @ôäóàí−ó÷ @@ñ‰ïÑåm@ݪ
board
@@O熋َïuójŽïu
@@ç‡äaŠóqaŠ
Council of state @@ômóÜìò†@ôäóàí−ó÷ @@óÜì†@ݪ
Military council @@ñŒbiŠó@ôäóàí−ó÷ @@ñ‹ÙÈ@ݪ
Conference board @Lò‹äüØ@ñ†Šüi ‹¸üà@ݪ
äa‹ÑäüØ@ôäóàí−ó÷
Board of governors çaŠb ŽîŠbq@ðäóàí−ó÷ μÅÐb«@ݪ
Academy of science @@ôº†bØó÷@LõŠbïäaŒ@õŠüØ @@ðáÝÉÜa@Êáa
Language academy/ @@ôäaìóäbàŒ@õŠüØ @@ñíÍÜ@Êáª
institute
Total üØ Ëíáª

٢٢١
Total expenditure @ðuŠó‚@LðuŠó‚@ñüØ pbÕÑåÜa@Ëíáª
“
Gross @@û‹ @@ßb»g@OËíáª
Group óÜóàüØ@Ltì‹ @Lû‹ @óÈíáª
European Economic @ôîbqìŠìó÷@õû‹ @óïiŠìýa@óÈíáa
Community (EEC)
@@•óiìbè @@óØ“¾a
Failed, abortive. @Lì횊bióÜ@LãbØbä Öуžà@Oévžà
@@ìímìóØŠbØóÜ
Licenser @@Šò‡móÜüà@LŠò‡à†ì @@ïª
Partisan, backer, @@‹äóîý@L ý ðÜaíà@OlŒbzžà
follower; partial,
biased.
Accountant @@Šbî‹Žïàˆ@LŠa†ŠónÐò† @@kb«
Accountancy @@õŠa†ŠónÐò†@LõŠbî‹Žïàˆ @@ójb«
Calling to account @@òìóåï‹q@Ž¶ @@HóîŠa†gI@ójb«
Official records of the @ôïòŠ@ôìíäüØ @äa‹ÑåÙÜa@‹šb«
conference
@@äa‹ÑäüØ @@óï‹Üa
Conserrative @LŒaí‚óäüØ@LîŽ ŠbräüØ ÆÐbzžà
@@Œaí¯bnbi
Governor. @@Šb ŽîŠbq HóîýìI@âØby@OÆÐb«
Governorate; state, @@b ŽîŠbq óÅÐb«
province
Attorney/ lawyer @@Šbî†a†@LŠòŽîŠbq @@ãb«

٢٢٢
Attorney general @@ôn“ @ôÐbà@õŠbî†a† @ãbÉÜa@Ö¨a@ðàb«
@@HãbÉÜa@ðȇ¾aI
Defence counsel @õ‹ Šói@OôØüØa†@õŠbî†a† @@ËbЇÜa@ðàb«
Dialogue, exchange, @@ü ínÑ @LμÅîórÄóè òŠìb«
discussion
Prisoner, detained @@‡äói @@‘íj«
Inevitable, @@Š ü óä ãín«
unalterable.
Contents @@ÛûŠòìbä @@pbîín«
Editor @@Šóìíä @@Š‹«
Patronage, nepotism @ã‚@L‹mü‚ì‹mb‚ @@óïií«
@@óåŽïà‚
Sensed @@oóèŠói @@‘í«
tax collector ‹ubi HðibuI@k÷a‹š@Þ—«
Restricted, confined. @@ìaŠ†Šìíå@LìaŠ‡‚bm ‡şïÕà@LŠí—«
Bounty, yield. @@ãìíiìŠói@LŠaˆb÷ Lßí—«
Minutes, official/ @@HòìóäìíiüØI@‘ìíäüØ @@HóÝuI@‹›«
record
Station @@ónï÷ @@ó«
Illicit aìòŠbä@Lìa‹ØóÌò†óÔ Ëì‹“à@Ì@LŠíÅ«
Incentive Šò‡äbè Ñ«
Monetary stimulus óåïn‚óä@ñŠò‡äbè @óî‡Õä@paÑ«

٢٢٣
Dossier, file @@ÞîbÐ@Lóïû† @@óÅÑ«
Judge, referee @@Ú“qŠó @@âđÙzč àž
Court, tribunal @@ó †a† @@óáÙ«
Administrative court @õó †a† @@óîŠa†g@óáÙ«
@@HõŠa‡ï÷Iõ‹Žï ŠbØ
Special court @õó †a† @@óï÷bårna@óáÙ«
@@ôîbb÷bäOôîómŠaìb÷
Juvenile court @Oçbäaìóuìóä@õó †a† @@ta‡yÿa@óáÙ«
@@çýa‡åà†‹Žïà
Appeal court @@òìóäìí›ÜóéŽïm@õó †a† @@Óbåønÿa@óáÙ«
County court @@ôîaŠói@õó †a† @@óîa‡jÜa@óáÙ«
Investigation court @@òìóåîˆüm@õó †a† @@ÖïÕznÜa@óáÙ«
Magistrates court @@æmóØ@õó †a† @@|å§a@óáÙ«
Court of peace òìóäìíjn’b÷@õó †a† @@|Ý—Üa@óáÙ«
International Court of @ôîŠòì†a†@õb †a† @@óïÜì‡Üa@߇ÉÜa@óáÙ«
Justice
@@ômóÜìò†íŽïä
Supreme court @@ý bi@õó †a† @@bïÝÉÜa@óáÙa
Court of cassation, @@òìóäìíša‡Žïq@õó †a† @HïïánÜaI@ÕåÜa@óáÙ«
court of appeal
Military court @@õŒbiŠó@õó †a† @@óî‹ÙÈ@óáÙ«
Put on probation @‹Žîˆ@õìa‹Ø‡äói @@Šbjn‚þÜ@Êšb‚@ãíÙ«
@@òìó䆋ÙïÔbm
٢٢٤
Domicile @@çìíjŽïuón“ïä@ôåŽîí’ @@óàbÔýa@Þ«
Pivot @@Šòìóm @@Ší«
Axis of Evil @@óqa‹‚@õŠòìóm @@č‹“Üa@Ší«
Pivotal, focal. @@õŠòìóm ñŠí«
Ocean @@‘ìíäbïÔü÷ Âï«
Circumferance. @@óàóØ@LòíŽïš Âï«
Environment; milieu, @@óåîˆ óøïi@LÂï«
surrounding; habitat.
Insurable risks @Lìa‹Øbïå܆@ðï‹móà @óåàüà@‹ b¬
ìa‹Øóáïi@õaìŠóq
Contrary to the rule @@ìò‹ïŽ q@õóäaìó›Žïq @@ãbÅåÝÜ@ÒÜb¬
Breach, violation @@ô›ŽïqŠó @@óÑÜb¬
Refraction, @@ça†ý@Lô›ŽïqŠó@LõŠbý @@HpbáïÝÉnÜaI@óÑÜb¬
intransigence
Breach of a contract @ô䆋Ø@ô›ŽïqŠó @@‡ÕÉÜa@óÑÜb¬
@@æmìóÙÙŽîŠ
Named, designated. @@‹Žî†ìbä Šbn¬
Select, picked, @@Lò†Ša‰jÜóè@L‹îŽ ‰iónò† Šbnƒžà
chosen.
@@‡äòìbä
Headman; mayor @@Šbn‚íà@LbƒŽîíØ @@Hò‡áÈI@Šbn¬
Laboratory @@óïÔbm@LóäìíàŒó÷ @@n¬

٢٢٥
Experimental ðîóïÔbm ñn¬
Summary @@ómŠíØ @@‹—n¬
Exit, wayout @@óšŠò†@LììŠò† x‹¬
Output @@ì횊ò† @@pbu‹ƒ¾a
Warehouse; @Lb üØ@LŽßaŒŠóè@LŠbjàóÈ @@@ç¬
depository
@@óåï−ó
Arsenal @@óäb‚óju @@ózÝa@ç¬
Storeroom @Lçò‚óà@LÛ‹ïŽ q @@×aŒŠÿa@ç¬
@@óÔììŒb÷@õóåï−ó
Barn; shed. @õóåï−ó @Lóäbƒšì òÅy@Olíjy@ç¬
@@óÝŽîìóäa†
Capital stock óîbàŠó@ômìóØó’bq ßb¾a@‘cŠ@çì¬
Earmarked, @ìa‹“ŽïØó“‚óä@Lìa‹ÙÝÔó’ ˜č—¬
designated.
Capital consumption @ð䆋iŠbØói@ñóÜbàŠò† @‘cŠ@Ûþéna@˜—¬
allowance
óîbàŠó ßb¾a
Allowance @@óÜbàŠò† @@pb——¬
Delineated, drafted, @Lìa‹“ŽïØó“‚óä Â¬
drawn, defined.
@@ìa‹“ŽïØóåŽîì
Appraiser, assessor @@ŠóåŽïÝ àó‚ æčárà@Oæşá¬
Camp @@ómòíŽï‚@Lóiüè @@âï¬

٢٢٦
Scout camp @Oçaìò‹“ïŽ q@õóiüè @@ðÑ“Ø@âï¬
@@çbØíibš
Payback period @Oòìóä‡äaŠó @ñòìbà †a†ýa@ò‡à
òìóä‡äó
Loan period ãaì@ña†ìóà@Oòìbà ‹Ô@ò‡à
Fiscal period ðîaŠa†@ñòìbà óïÜbà@ò‡à
Access, entry @@ŠòŒí @@Þ‚‡à
Input @@ìa Šòì@Lìímbè @@pþ‚‡¾a
Teacher; instructor. @@bnüàbà@L‰Žïióäaì ‘Š‡à
School @@óäb£bmíÔ@Ló ‹ŽïÐ @@óŠ‡à
Primary school @@ôîbmòŠó@õó ‹ŽïÐ @@óï÷a‡niÿa@óŠ‡¾a
Preparatory @@ôîò†bàb÷@õó ‹ŽïÐ @@óî†a‡Èýa@óŠ‡¾a
Intermediate school @@õ‡äòìbä@õó ‹ŽïÐ @@óín¾a@óŠ‡¾a
Claimant @@ŠbØaìa† @@HðȇnàI@ðȇà
General prosecutor (in @@ôn“ @õŠbØaìa† ãbÈ@ðȇà
a court case)
Defendant @@ìa‹ÙŽï܆a†@Lìa‹ÙŽïÜaìa† @@êïÝÈ@ôȇà
Deffered payments ìa‹‚aì†@õìaŠ‡Žïq óÝue@pbÈíЇà
Payment in kind @òŠüu@LóåŽïÜbà@ñìaŠ‡Žïq óïåïÈ@pbÈíЇà
ìaŠ‡Žïq

٢٢٧
Auditor @@μi†Šì@LŠb؆Šì @@ÖÔ‡à
Urban; civilian @@ôäò†óà@LõŠb’@LõŠbîˆ @@ðä‡à
Civilization; cirility @@ônŽïäbnŠb’ @@êïä‡à
Astonishing, amazing @@æŽïèŠìíŠó @@@”è‡à
Miraculous; @@ôîìíuŠóq kïvÈ@O”è‡à
marvelous.
Circulated (capital) @@òìaŠó @@HðÜbà@|Ý—áØI@Šì‡žà
Registrar @@‹ Šbàüm @@çì‡à
Law registrar @@ðîbbî@õ‹ Šbàüm @@ôäíäbÕÜa@ç쇾a
Range, scope. @@Šaíi@La†ìóà ßbª@Lõ‡à
Manager, director; @@ŠóiòíŽîŠ ói@L‹ ïŽ ŠbØ ‹î‡à
administrator
Editorial secretary @@μìíä@ñ‹Žïm‹Ù @@@‹î‹znÜa@‹î‡à
Director(manager) of @@bïäbràüØ@õŠóiòíŽîŠ ói @@óØ‹’@‹î‡à
a company
General manager @@ôn“ @õŠóiòíŽîŠ ói @@ãbÈ@‹î‡à
Technical manager @OôÙïåØóm@õŠóiòíŽîŠ ói @@Ð@‹î‡à
@@õŠóäíè
Official receiver @@õŠòìa†@õŠóiòíŽîŠ ói @@ð÷b›Ô@‹î‡à
Managing director @@Ša‡mýóò†@õŠóiòíŽîŠ ói @@íÑà@‹î‡à
District Head @@Ša†‡äójÜóà @@óïybä@‹î‡à

٢٢٨
Direatorate @@õŠóiòíŽîŠ ói @@óî‹î‡à
Head of @@@õ‹Žï ŠbØ@ôîŠóiòíŽîŠ ói @@òŠa†ýa@óî‹î‡à
administration
Land registry @ôî‹Žï ŠbØ@OôîŠóiòíŽîŠ ói @@íibÜa@óî‹î‡à
@@üqbm
City @@Šb’ @@êåî‡à
Memoirs @@õŠòìòi @@pa‹Ø‰à
Ticket, slip, tag @@óÜ ìíq @@ò‹Ø‰à
summons @@óàbäò†bàb÷ @@Šb›yg@ò‹Ø‰à
Warrant @@óàbåäbàŠóÐ @@‹àc@ò‹Ø‰à
Arrest warrant @@æm‹ @õóàbåäbàŠóÐ @@ÒïÔím@ò‹Ø‰à
Summons @OçbåŽïè@õóàbåäbàŠóÐ @@kÝu@ò‹Ø‰à
@@熊ìbè
Mentioned @@ìa‹iìbä @@Ší؉à
Broadcaster @@Šò‰Žïi@LŠó“‚óq @@Êî‰à
Loan shark Šü‚@ìí ì‹Ô@ðia‹à
Synonym (of a word); @@bmaì@ìbè Ó†a‹žà
equivalent in
meaning/
significance. (gram.).
Pleading @@aìa†@õòìó䆋؊óói @@óÉÐa‹à
Counter-plea @Lôàłòì@õòìó䆋؊óói @@óïiaíu@óÉÐa‹à
@a‡îŒaí‚a†@óÜ@òìóäa‡àłòì
٢٢٩
Legal proceeding @õòìó䆋؊óói @@óï÷b›Ô@óÉÐa‹à
@@ôîŠòì†a†
Summary proceedings @ómŠíØ@LõŒa킆a†@ómŠíØ @@òuíà@óÉÐa‹à
@@òìó䆋؊óói
Observer; overseer @@‹Žî†ìbš @@kÔa‹à
Observation @@ôî‹Žî†ìbš @@ójÔa‹à
Price controls …‹ä@ðî‹Žî†ìbš ŠbÉa@ójÔa‹à
Hope, longing, wish @@aíïè@Loaí‚ ôÍnjà@Oãa‹à
Position, station, @@óîbq@LóŽïq Ø‹à@Oójm‹à
status.
Reactionary @@òìaŠóÜóè@La‹àí @@‡m‹à
Favored @@ìa‹Ø‡åóq @@|u‹à
Reference @@bäóq@LŠò‡Žîˆ @@Êu‹à
Authority, ultimate @Lbäóq@Lłbi@õòìbšŠó @@óïÉu‹à
source
@@ò‡Üa†
Stage, phase @@ÏbäüÔ @@óÝy‹à
Liscenced; holding a @@ìaŠ‡móÜüà@LìaŠ‡äbšì Œbvžà@L˜Ž‚‹Ž à
permit/ liscence.
Precipitated @@æŽï“ïä@Lìín“ïä @@kàì@k‹à
Drawing studio @@ó Šbïä @@â‹à
Candidate, nominated @@ìaŠíŽïÜ bq @@|’‹à

٢٣٠
Guide, leader @@ŠójŽîŠ @LŠóiaŠ @@@‡’‹à
Observatory @@óäaìŠ @@‡–‹à
Attachment(s), @@üÙ’bq@LŽïqìbè @@HpbÕЋàI@ÖЋà
enclosures
Collective, combined; @@òìa‹ØüØ kØ‹žà
composite
Center, hub. @@‡äójÜóà@LŠónäó@LóÙåi Ø‹à
Think tank @õóÙåi@Lߎ bàŠè tb¢a@Ø‹à
@@òìóåïÜüÙŽïÜ
Social centre @@@ômóîłóàüØ@õóÙåi @@@ðÈbánuýa@Ø‹¾a
Centre of gravity @@ôîbŠíÔ@ôÔóš @@ÞÕrÜa@Ø‹à
Town centre, city @@Šb’@õ‡äòìbä@LŠb’ìbä @@óåa@Ø‹à
centre
Head office @@bïäbràüØ@õ‡äójÜóà @@óØ‹’@Ø‹à
Central @@õ‡äójÜóà@Lõ‡äòìbä @@ñØ‹à
Innocent passage @@õòíŽïi@ôåîŠórŽïm @@‹ibÉÜa@Šì‹¾a
Auction/ bidding (for @@paŒóà@Oõ‹ †bîŒ †aà
highest bidder).
Bidder @@ŠóØŠûŒ@L‹ ŠûŒ @@‡îaà
Bid @@ñŠbØŠûŒ@Lôî‹ ŠûŒ @@ò‡îaà
Bidding @LH…‹äI@ð䆋Ø@†bîŒ H‹ÉÜaI@ò‡îaà
òìóäbÜóè
Dual; twin ómìíu@Lóäaì† xì†à

٢٣١
Field; farm @@óÝïŽ Ø @@óÈŠà
False, falsified, @@ón‚b@LkÜóÔ @@Šìà
Counterfeit
Charge d’affaires, @@‘‹qŠói@OŠaŒí ŠbØ ßìüà
person in charge
responsible.
Responsibility @@ô‹qŠói @@óïÜìüà
Responsibility, @@ô‹qŠói @@óïÜìüà
liability
Joint liability @OóäaŠbØìbè@ôï‹qŠói @@óïåàb›m@óïÜìüà
@@ŠójàaŠói
Contractual liability @õüèói@ôï‹qŠói @@óî‡ÔbÉm@óïÜìüà
@OòìóåmìóÙÙŽîŠ
@@ônójŽî‹
Collective liability @@ð‹qŠói@ón“ @@óïÈb»@óïÜìüà
Criminal liability @@ð‹qŠói@óäaìbm @óïÜìüà
(responsibility)
@@Hóï÷auIóï÷båu
Legal liability @OôäìíäbÔ@ðï‹qŠói @@óïäíäbÔ@óïÜìüà
(responsibility)
@@ôîbbî
Limited liability Ša†Šíå@ðï‹qŠói ò†ì‡«@óïÜìüà
Joint liability, @L•óiìbè@ðï‹qŠói @@óØ“à@óïÜìüà
collective liability
@@ô‹qŠói@ó’óiìbè
Surveyor. @@ìíŽïqììŠ bčà
Area, surface @@ììŠ@LŠóiììŠ@LíŽïqììŠ |@Oóybà

٢٣٢
Assistant @@ŠbÙîŠbè@LŠòìbî @@‡Èbà
Social worker @@ômóîýóàüØ@õŠò†ò‡îŠbî @@ðÈbánug@‡Èbà
Humanitarian aid @@ômóîbÄû‹à@ôîŠbØìbè @@óïäbäa@pa‡Èbà
Passenger @@ŠaíjŽîŠ @@‹Ðbà
Support, backing @@o“rÜbq @@ò‡äbà
Sharer, shareholder, @@Ša‡’ói@LÚ“qìbè @âéÜa@Þàby@Oâèbà
ðÜb¾a
Input, contribution @@õŠa‡’ói@LŠbØŠói @@óáèbà
Equality, @@ôäbØóî @@òaìb¾a
egalitarianism
Concession, (act of) @@•Œb óàìbà
giving in.
Collective bargaining ߎ óàüØói@ð䆋Øa†ìó óïÈb»@óàìbà
Lessee, tenant ð›Žî‹Ø@Lóm‹Žî‹Ø ‹udnà
Subtenant ‹Žîˆói@‹Žîˆ@ð›Žî‹Ø æ bjÜa@æà@‹udnà
Appellant @@ìí›Üóè@Žôm @@Òädnà
Respondent, appellee @@ìa‹ØŠóóÜ@çìí›Ü óéŽïm @@êïÝÈ@Òädnà
Worthy, meritorious, @@çbîb’@LpbéŽîˆ Öčznà@OÞèbnà
deserving.
Investor æŽïèŠóiòì ‹árnà
Excepted, excluded, @@ìa‹ØómŠaìb÷ ôårnžà
left out.

٢٣٣
Employee @@ŠaŒímóà‚ @@㇃nà
Applicant, petitioner @@ŠbØaìa† @@ðȇnà
Consultant, Adviser @@Šb؉ŽîìaŠ @@Šb“nà
Hospital @@óäb‚ónó‚ @@ôÑ“nà
Children hospital @@çła‡åà@õóäb‚ónó‚ @@ßbÑ ÿa@ôÑ“nà
Sanitarium (chest @@óåï@õóäb‚ónó‚ @a‹àÿa@ôÑ“nà
disease)
@@ó—Üa
Mental institute @@çbnŠbáïi @a‹àÿa@ôÑ“nà
@@óïÝÕÉÜa
Quarantine hospital @@óåïnäòŠóØ@Lóäbƒ’ü‚óä @@ßÉÜa@ôÑ“nà
Borrowed @@ìaŠŒaí‚ @@ŠbÉnà
Borrower @@ŠòŒaí‚ @@Énà
Beneficiary @†ìí@L‡äóà†ìí ÊÑnåà@N@‡ïÑnà
@ @ìím‹ Šòì
Independent @@ü‚óiŠó @@ÞÕnà
Drawn @@ìa‹“ŽïÙÜóè@LìímbèŠò† @@ÞŽnžà
Needs, requirement, @@ðäóàónîì pbàÝnà
necessity.
Evidence proof @@óÜ ói @@HÞï܆I@Úánà
Listner; audience @@‹Žîí @@Êánà

٢٣٤
Legal evidence/ proof @@óÜbq @@‡ånà
Copied, duplicated, @@ìa‹ÙïqüØ „Žånžà
reproduced.
Consumed ìa‹ØŠbØ@Oìa‹iŠbØói ÚÝénà
Consumer @LHæŽïèŠbØóiI@ŠóiŠbØói ÚÝénà
Šü‚Šói
Consumed @@ìí›ïŽ m @@ÚŽÝ éŽnžà
Consumer @@ŠójïŽ m @@ÚđÝénžà
Depot ónŽîì@LxaŠó @Lb üØ Ë†ínà
Godown, warehouse ŠbjàóÈ@Oóåï−ó ˆínà
Imports, that which is @@ìa‹åŽïè@Lò†Šìbè †Šínà
brought in from
outside.
Imported @@ìa‹åŽïè@Oò†Šìbè @@HßcíàcI@ò†Šínà
Clinic (med.) @@óåïi@Ló Šbáïm ò†bïÈ@OÒ–ínà
Level; standard @@ob÷ @@õínà
Intelligence level @@ôØò‹îŒ@ônb÷ @@öb؉Üa@õínà
Subsistence level @@ñíŽî‰i@ônb÷ @@ÓbÑÙÜa@õínà
Water level @@ìb÷@ônb÷ @@öb¾a@õínà
Sea – level @@eŒ@ônb÷ @@‹éåÜa@õínà
Standard of living HçaŠòŒí IñíŽî‰i@b÷ ó“ïÉà@õínà

٢٣٥
Recorder @@ŠbØŠbàüm @@Hçì‡àI@ÞđvŽ žà
Registrar @@ôn“ @õŠbØŠbàüm @@ãbÉÜa@Þv¾a
Registrar (academic) @@HüÙäaŒI@Œb@Šbàüm @@óÉàbu@À@Þvà
Survey @@çaíŽïqììŠ@LíŽïqììŠ |à
Survey @@@ŽßbàíŽïØ @@|à
Theatre, stage @@üäb’ @@‹à
Place of birth. @@óäìíi @@‘c‹Üa@ÂÕà
Book keeping @lby@Lõ‹ ŠónÐò† ‹mbЇÜa@Úà
æm‹ aŠ
Painkiller (med.). @@
 äaˆ æÙà
March, procession. @@çaíŽïrŽîŠ òà
participation @@ôîŠa‡’ói @@óØŠb“à
Mass participation @@õŠòìbàóu@ôîŠa‡’ói @@óîèbá§a@óØŠb“¾a
Political participation @@ôbï@õŠa‡’ói @@óïbïÜa@óØŠb“¾a
Proft sharing wäaŒbÔ@óÜ@çìíiŠa‡’ói biŠa@À@óØŠb“à
Joint, public domain @@üØìbä@LòìóÙŽïq@Lߎ óÙŽïm @@Ëb“à
Counselor; adviser. @@Šb؉ŽîìaŠ Šìb“à
Consultation, @@õ‡äói‰ŽîìaŠ @L‰ŽîìaŠ Šìb“m@OòŠìb“à
deliberation

٢٣٦
Stipulated @LôuŠóà@Lìa‹äa†@üi@xŠóà @@Ã“à
@@xŠóàói
Petitioner, complainer @@Œa킆a† @@ðÙn“à
Defendant @@ìa‹ÙŽïÜ@póîbÙ’ @@êïÝÈ@ôÙn“à
Winter resort/ @@ŠaìóèóäbnŒ@L‹ŽïóàŠó ôn“à
vacation region
Aggravating @@o‚ó@L‡äím @@†‡“à
Legislator, lawmaker @@Šóäa†@bbî@LŠóäa‡äìíäbÔ @@Ë‹“à
Supervisor @@o’ŠóqŠó@LŠbØŠó @@Ó‹“à
Sport supervisor @L•ŒŠòì@ôn’ŠóqŠó @@ðšbî‹Üa@Ó‹“¾a
@@æòì
Agricultural @@ÿbØín“Ø@õŠbØŠó @@ðÈaŠÜa@Ó‹“¾a
supervisor
Project, enterprise @@òˆû‹q @@Ëì‹“à
Business enterprise @Lðäb ŠŒbi@ñòˆû‹q ñŠb¤@Ëì‹“à
@ôäb ŠŒbi@ôîŠü°óq
Private enterprise @Lðmójîbm@ñòˆû‹q ™b‚@Ëì‹“à
pójîbm@ôîŠü°óq
Joint venture @@•óiìbè@õòˆû‹q @@óØ“à@pbÈì‹“à
Workshop, discussion @@tü“ØŠûì óïaŠ†@óÕÝy@OÞŽÍ“Žà
group/ seminar.
Consultancy @@‰ŽîìaŠ @@òŠí“à
Assimilate, absorb. @@æî‰à ™b—nàg@O˜
č à

٢٣٧
Data sources çbØóïîŠbïäaŒ@òìbšŠó pbäbïjÜa@Š†b—à
Private sources çbØóïïmójîbm@òìbšŠó @ó–b‚@Š†b—à
Authorized sources @@ìa‹ÙŽïqŠòìbi@õòìbšŠó @@béi@×íqíà@Š†b—à
Resources, earnings @LçbØòìbšŠó †Šaíà@LŠ†b—à
çbØómóàaŠò†
Encounter, meeting @ììŠóiììŠ@Lçìíj’ìím óéuaíà@OóІb—à
@@òìóäìíi
Invisible expenses @ðïuŠó‚ @òŠíÅåà@Ì@ÒîŠb—à
@oóèIìa‹åïióä
Hìa‹ØóåŽïq
Vital interests @@õŠbîˆ@ôî‡äòìòˆŠói @@óîíïy@b—à
National interest @@ôäbán“ïä@ôî‡äòìòˆŠói @@óïå ì@b—à
Political @Oôîaìón’b÷ @@óïbï@ó¨b—à
reconciliation
@@õŠbïàaŠ@õòìóäìíjn’b÷
National @@ôäbán“ïä@Oòìóäìíjn’b÷ @@óïå ì@ó¨b—à
reconciliation
Sanitarium @@óäaˆìíi @@|—à
Credibility @LôîaìnaŠ@Lõ‡äóàŠòìbi @@óïÔa‡—¾a
@@õìa‹ÙïŽ qŠòìbi@LõŠòìbjØbš
Exported. @@ìaŠ†‹Žïä@LìaŠ†‹Žïäóè Šč‡—žà
Source @@òìbšŠó @ìc@öô“Üa@LszjÜaI@Š‡—à
@@H©a

٢٣٨
Infinitive @@Ãìbš @@H‡ÈaíÔI@Š‡—à
Authority, power @õòìbšŠó@Oó Šò‡Žîˆ òíÕÜa@OóÝÜa@Š‡—à
base, sourse of
ultimate appeal/ @@płóò†
resort.
Mentioned source @@ìa‹iìbä@õòìbšŠó @@b Õib@Ší؉¾a@Š‡—¾a
Exported @@ò†Šbä @@HßaíàaI@늇—à
One who authenticate/ @@ŠóåŽïnaŠ@LŒbŠbàüm ×݇—à
certifies documents.
Expenditurc, outgo. @@ôuŠó‚ Ó‹—à
Bank Öäbi@LÚäbi Úåi@L@Ó‹—à
Bank of issue òŠbq@ð䆋؊ò†@ðÙäbi H†íÕåÜaI@Ša‡–g@Ó‹—à
Commercial bank @@ðäb ŠŒbi@ðÙäbi ñŠb¤@Ó‹—à
Agricultural bank @@ôÜ bØín“Ø@ôÙäbi @@ðÈaŠŒ@Ó‹—à
Real – estate bank @@òŠóiìíäb‚@ôÙäbi @@ñŠbÕÈ@Ó‹—à
Central bank @@õ‡äòìbä@ôÙäbi @@ñØ‹à@Ó‹—à
Bank manager @LÚäbi@çòìb‚@OçaìóÙäbi @@À‹—à
@@Úäbi@õ‹ïŽ ŠbØ
Bank credit ðÙäbi@õóäbánà @@À‹—à@†bánÈg LÀ‹—à
Outlay @LçbØóïïuŠó‚ ÒïÜbÙm@LpbÐì‹—à
çbØòì훎ïm
Operating expenses 熋َïqŠbØ@ðäbØòì훎ïm óïÝïÍ“m@pbÐì‹—à

٢٣٩
Current expense @Ooò†Šói@ðïuŠó‚ @óîŠbu@pbÐì‹—à
íîììŠ
Capital expenses @óîbàŠó@ðïuŠó‚ óïÜbcŠ@pbÐì‹—à
General expenses çbØóïïn“ @óïïuŠó‚ óàbÈ@pbÐì‹—à
Accrued expenses @OçbØòìíiòìüØ@óïïuŠó‚ óÉávnà@pbÐì‹—à
çbØòìíi@óØóÜóØ
Terrace @@üØó @@ój—à
Term @@òìaŠaŒ @@|Ý—à
Filter, strainer. @@ÛüïÜbq@LóåŽîíÜbq òbÑ—đà
Refinery; purification @@ÂäûŒŠbq ôÑ—à
plant.
Interest @@õ‡äòìòˆŠói @@ózÝ—à
Personal interest @@ôóØ@ôî‡äòìòˆŠói @@óï—ƒ“Üa@ózÝ—¾a
Public interest @@@ôn“ @ôî‡äòìòˆŠói @@óàbÉÜa@ózÝ—¾a
Self-interest. @Lü‚@ôî‡äòìòˆŠói óïmaˆ@ózÝ—à
@@õŒaí²‡äòìòˆŠói
Service, agency, @@ó ŠaŒí ŠbØ@LbîaŠ @@HóüàIózÝ—à
authority
Designer @@Œbó“‚óä âđá—
Ž àž
Classified, graded. @@ìa‹åŽïÜüq Òåş —žà
Speculation ñŒbiòŠbq@LñŒbjàbu óiŠb›à

٢٤٠
Currency speculation òŠbq@ói@熋ÙîŒbjàbu @óÝáÉÜbi@óiŠb›à
Harassment, vexation. @@熋؊aŽïi@LðubÄòŠói xbÈŒa@LóÕîb›à
Disorderly, jumbled, @@íŽï’óq@LÚŽïqíÙŽîŠ bä km‹à@Ì@Ol‹›à
untidy.
Dresser (of wounds) @@ŠbØŠbáïm@LŽïråî‹i @@‡á›à
Secured credit Šó üà@õóäbánà çíá›à@çbán÷a@Lçíá›à
Host @@eí‚óäb‚ @@Òa
Strait @@ìŠò†@Lóäóm @@Öï›à
Indentical, similar @@Ûóïäíš @@Öibà
Comformity with the @@ìb−í @çìíäbÔ@Žßó óÜ @@çíäbÕÝÜ@Öibà
law
Agreement, @@@ôîbmìbè@LôØóïäíš óÕibà
conformity, common
view/ understanding.
Airport @@óäb‚óØû‹Ð@Ló ‹ Ð @@Šbà
Demands @@õŒaí‚a† @@kÜb¾a
Manifestation, @@Ša†b b÷ @@ÊÝà
Appearance
Conversant, versed @@aŒòŠb’@OçaŒòŠbš âč Ýžà@OÊÝà
(in).
Free, unconstrained, @@bèòŠ ÖÝžà
unlimited.
Manifestation @@Šb †b÷ @@HðݤI‹èbÅà
Demonstration @@ça‡äb“ïqü‚ @@pa‹èbÅà

٢٤١
Surface; covering; @L•óØììŠ @LŠb‚ìŠ óéuaì@O‹éÅà
façade.
@@ŠbØììŠ
Borrowed, loaned @@ìaaí‚@Lónaí‚ @@ŠbÉžà
Opposition @LôäbØòŠóiŠói @@óšŠbÉà
@@ŠbÙnÜóèŠói
pension μ“äóäb‚@ñóšìíà ‡ÈbÕnÜa@•bÉà
Contemporary @@ãò†ŠóìbèO…Šóšìbè @@‹–bÉà
Contemporary @@çóàómìbè @@H‹áÉÜa@ÀI‹–bÉà
Transactions @çbØóÜóàbà pþàbÉà
Dealing @@o‚bìŠó@O”ï÷ @@óÝàbÉà
Official business @@ôàŠóÐ@Oôîà@ô“ï÷ @@óïŠ@óÝàbÉà
Treaty, pact @@çbºóq @@ò‡èbÉà
Commercial treaty @@ôäb ŠŒbi@ôäbºóq @@óîŠb¤@ò‡èbÉà
Bilateral agreement @@óäóîý@ìì†@ôäbºóq @@óîíäbq@ò‡èbÉà
Peace treaty @@òìóäìíjn’b÷@ôäbºóq @@HãþI|Ý–@ò‡èbÉà
Help, aid, backing @@ò‡îŠbî @@óäíÉà@OóäìbÉà
Norms @@ŠòíŽïq @@îbÉà
Conviction @@Š òìbi @@pa‡ÕnÉà
Follower, patron, @@ãbŠó@LŠa†aìóè @@kvÉžà
adherent (to a group/
idea, etc.).
٢٤٢
Miracle, devine act; @@†ìíuŠóÐ@LìíuŠóq òvÉà
marvel.
Accelerator ŠóØa‹Žï‚@LŠò†ìbm Ë‹à@L@ÞvÉà
Lexicon, wordbook. @@óàbäó’ì âŽvÉžà
Gear, equipment, kit @@×bÑm@LßóqíÜóØ@Lo‚òŠ pa‡Éà
Installations. @@òŠói@ì@b Œò† païé¤@Opa‡Éà
Average, rate @@a‹ÙŽïm @@߇Éà
Amended; revised, @@ìa‹ØŠaíàóè ßş‡Éžà
changed.
Weekly ayerage @@óäbnÐóy@õa‹ÙïŽ m @@ðÈíjýa@߇ɾa
Discount rate çbÙ’a†@ña‹ÙŽïm â—©a@߇Éà
Increasing rate @ðîò†bîŒ@ña‹ÙŽïm @ò†bîÜa@߇Éà
Monthly ayerage @@óäbäbà@õa‹ÙŽïm @@ñ‹é“Üa@߇ɾa
Daily ayerage @@óäaˆûŠ @õa‹ÙŽïm @@ðàíïÜa@߇ɾa
Productivity rate ñŠa‡àóèŠói@ña‹ÙŽïm @óïubnäa@߇Éà
Unemployment rate ñŠbÙŽïi@ña‹ÙŽïm óÜbi@߇Éà
Inflation rate çbìbøÜóè@ña‹ÙŽïm ⃛m@߇Éà
Profit ratio wäaŒbÔ@ña‹ÙŽïm |iŠ@߇Éà
Annual rate/ arerage óäłb@ña‹ÙŽïm ñíå@߇Éà
Growth rate ó’ó @ña‹ÙŽïm í¹@߇Éà

٢٤٣
Average, rate …‹ä@La‹ÙŽïm ‹ÉL߇Éà
Life expectancy rate çbîˆ@ðïåïj“Žïq@ña‹ÙŽïm @òbï¨a@ÊÔím@pý‡Éà
Annual growth rate @ðä‡äóó’ó @ña‹ÙŽïm @óîíå@í¹@pý‡Éà
óäýb
Show, exhibit @@óäb“ïq @@‹Éà
Know how μbä@LμäaŒ @óЋÉà
Confirmed credit ìónq@õóäbánà òŒÉà@óÕq
Moral dilemma @@õŠbØb÷@ôäónb÷ @@óïÔþ‚ýa@pþ›É¾a
Exempt @@ìa‹“‚ói@Lìa‹’ürŽïÜ@ìbš @@ôÑÉà
Duty free @@ìa‹“‚ói@òà@óÜ @@ãí‹Üa@æà@ðÑÉà
Compex, complicated @@ŒüÜb÷ @@‡ÕÉà
Teacher, tutor @@ŠbØ‹ŽïÐ @@âÝÉà
Information @@õŠbïäaŒ @@pbàíÝÉà
Conflicting @@Ša숆@ôîŠbïäaŒ @@ó›Ôbånà@pbàíÝÉà
Information
Architecture @@õŒbŠýóm@LõŠómbïäíi ñŠbáÉà
Moral @@ôîbmaì @@ñíåÉà
Institute @@ó ‹ŽïÐ @@‡éÉà
High institute @@łbi@OŒŠói@õó ‹ŽïÐ @@ðÜbÉÜa@‡éɾa

٢٤٤
Trade barriers @ðäónb÷@OŠóiŠói òŠbvnÜa@pbÔíÉà
ðäb ŠŒbi
Aid, assistance @@ò‡îŠbî @@êäíÉà
Measure, test. @@ŠòíŽïq ŠbïÉà
Norm, model/ pattern @@óäaíŽïq@LãŠüä ŠbïÉà
to be followed,
accepted practice.
Standard, rule/ basis @@çaíŽïq@LóäaíŽïq@L†Ša‡äbn ‘bïÔ@OŠbïÉà
of comparison or
judgement.
Lender, loaner @@Šò†ŒŠóÔ @@Éžà
Helper @@Šò†ò‡îŠbî @@μÉà
(act of) Forgiving @@熊íi @@ò‹ÑÍà
Concepts, principles, @@Úàóš@LbŽîŠ @@âïèbÑà
notion
Negotiations @@çbníäa†@Lü ínÑ @@pbšìbÑà
Crossroad; crucial @@õŽ Š óšb‚@LçbïŽîŠ Šaíš ×‹Üa@×Ñà
point.
Inspector; examiner @@ŠóåÙ“q @@@”nÑà
Single @@H×bmI@Ûbm @@†‹Ñà
@@
Corrupting/ @@ŠbÙÜò‡äó ‡đÑžà
perverting (factor,
circumstance, ect.).
Node, knob; joint @@óàíu@LómŠóØ @ò‹vžÈ@OÞŽ—Ñđà

٢٤٥
Thinker; pensive @@‡äóài@LçbÄŠè ‹ÙÑžà
Interview; audience @@æmìóÙŽïqìbš@LŠa‡î† óÝibÕà
Test, interriew @@H熊a‰jÜóè@üiI@ôäò‡î† @@HŠbïn‚þÜI@óÝibÕà
Article @@‘bi @@ßbÕà
Essay, speech @@Šbmì @@ßbÕà
Position, rank @@óîbq @@ãbÕà
Contractor @@Šò‡åŽïÜ ói @@ßìbÕà
Water proof @LŒ†óäìb÷@LæŽîŒói@ìb÷ öbáÝÜ@ãìbÕà
@@ìb÷òˆ†
Fire proof @òˆ†@Lpìíóä@LæŽîŒói‹ b÷ ŠbåÝÜ@ãìbÕà
‹ b÷
Bargain @@óÜóàbà@ì@a†ìó@Lo“Üb÷ @@ó›îbÕà
Receivership, that @@óm‹ Šòì âÝnŽ žà@OíjÕà
which has been
received.
Admissible, @@‡äóóq @@ßíjÕà
acceptable
Capacity, ability, @@oäaím @@òŠ‡Õà
competence
prelude ÚŽïrò†@L@ðîaŠói óà‡Õà
Preface, introduction @@HkŽïnØI@ôØó“Žïq @@HlbnØI@óà‡Õà
Down payment @@@ôØó“Žïq @@Hçíi‹ÈI@óà‡Õà

٢٤٦
Headquarter @@HõŒbiŠóI@óÙåi @@Hõ‹ÙÈI@‹Õà
Firmly/ securely @@ìaŠ‡ÝÑÔ@Lìa‹‚a† ÞÑÕà
closed; brought to an
and
Earnings; gain póàaŠò†@LçbØómìóÙò† kbÙà
Reward, emolument @@o’a†bq @@òdÐbÙà
Honorarium; bonus @@óäaŽîŠ óïЋ’@òdÐbÙà
Insecticide @LˆíØ@Oça‹Ô@ò‡äŒó @@pa‹“¨a@ózÐbÙà
@@ça‹Ôì‹Žïà
Eradication @@熋ØüšýóÔ@Lça‹Ô @@ózÐbÙà
Meeting place, @@ó Š üØ@LóÜüà ÊčávnÜa@çbÙà
assembly hall
Status, rank, standing @@óÝq@Lóîbq@LpòŠa† @@óäbÙà
Library @@óäbƒjŽïnØ @@ójnÙà
Achierements, çbØómìóÙò† pbjnÙà
attainments
Repeated @@pbqìì† @@Š‹Ùà
Gain, profit pìóÙnò† kÙà
Capital gain óîbàŠó@ðmìóÙò† ßbà@‘cŠ@kÙà
Net earnings @Lón‚íq@ðmìóÙò† Àb–@kÙà
pìóÙnò†@õón‚íq
Partial failure @@ìaìómbä@LómìóØaì† @@ÞáÙà
Make – up @@o“îaŠb÷ @@xbïÙà

٢٤٧
Marginal note @@ôØòìý@ôïåïjŽïm @@@óï“àbè@pbÅyþà
Notice, observation @@ôåïjŽïm @@óÅyþà
Legal proceedings, @@õŠòì†a†@ôäìíša†aì†ói @@óï÷b›Ô@pbÕyþà
prosecution
Cadre @@Š†bØ @@Ûþđà
Personnel (as section/ @@õŠójäbàŠóÐ @˜n¬I@ðØþà
office of the civil
service). HμÑÄí¾bi
Culpable, @LŠbióäbm@LŠbibmó‚ ãþžà
blameworthy
@@ìa‹Ùn“äòŒŠó
Fault, blame @@óäbm óàþà
Culpability, guilt @@õŠbibmó‚ óàþà
Censure, @Læm‹ŽïÜ@Oça‡ŽïÜ@óäbm „ïiím@Lóàþà
@@熋Ø@o“äòŒŠó
Randevous @@ça쉎ïu@Lçaìˆ @@ôÕnÝà
Inflamed, swollen (i. @@ì솋Øìóè ãŠínà@OkénÝžà
e of the eyes).
Refuge, shelter, @@bäóq@LóÜbqóš dvÝà
protection.
Annex, appendix; @@‡äój’bq@LüÙ’bq @@ÖzÝà
Supplement
Commercial attaché @ôŽï’bmó÷@O‡äój’bq @@ñŠb¤@ÖzÝà
@@ðäb ŠŒbi
Cultural attaché @ôŽï’bmó÷@O‡äój’bq @@ÀbÕq@ÖzÝà
@@ôïäóèŠóÐ
Military attaché @ôŽï’bmó÷@O‡äój’bq @@ñ‹ÙÈ@ÖzÝà
٢٤٨
 @@õŒbiŠó
Appendix, schedule, @@@ón“‚@LüÙ’bq @@@ßì‡u@LÖzÝà
exhibit
Supplemental @@ôîüÙ’bq ðÕzÝà
Perceptible, @@oóèŠói ÄízÝà
noticeable; sensed.
Synopsis @@ómŠíØ@Lón‚íq @@˜ƒÝà
Pamphlet @@oói @@óàÝà
Dossier, folder; @@óïû† ÒÝà
portfolio
Property, possession @@ÚÜíà @@ÚÝà
Public property @ôåïàû†@Lôn“ @ôÙÜíà @μàì‡ÜaIóÜì‡Üa@ÚÝà
@@ôn“ @@HãbÉÜa
Freehold @@ìaìóm@ôÙÜíà @@Ó‹–@ÚÝà
Mortgaged property @@ìa‹ØónàŠbi@ôÙÜíà @@çíè‹à@ÚÝà
Separate property @@òìa‹Øbïu@ôÙÜíà @@Œ‹Ñà@ÚÝà
Property ownership @@ômóîbÙÜíà @@óïÙÝà
Ownership ñŠa‡ÙÜíà@@LñŠa‡äòìb‚ óïÙÝà
Private ownership @OômóîbÙÜíà @ó–b‚@óïÙÝà
pójîbm@ôïnŽîŠa‡äòìb‚
Public ownership “ @ôïnŽîŠa‡äòìb‚ óàbÈ@óïÙÝà
Joint ownership @@•óiìbè@ôïmóîbÙÜíà @@óØ“à@óïÙÝà

٢٤٩
Co-ownership •óiìbè@ôïnŽîŠa‡äòìb‚ óØ“à@óïÙÝà
Intangible property @@ôîbmaì@ôîŠa‡ÙÜíà @@óîíåÉà@óïÙÝà
Resource ownership @ôïnŽîŠa‡äòìb‚ †Šaíà@óïÙÝà
çbØòìbšŠó
Tangible, solid; @@oóèŠói@LŠa‡äóm ðÕïÕy@O‘íáÝà
substantial.
Culpable, @@Šbióäbm@LŠbibmó‚ ãíÝÜbi@‹î‡u@OãíÝà
blameworthy
Militia @@bï“ïÝïà @@pbï“ïÝà
Equal/ similar (to –). @@bmìbè êib“à@LÞqb¿
Excellent @@lbîbä @@Œbn¿
Premises ŠaŒ@öñìòŒ@ìòŠóiìíäb‚ óîŠbÕÈ@pbÙÝn¿
Representative @@ŠóåŽîíä @@Þr¿
Actor @@ŠbÙåŽîíä@LŠónØó÷ @@HçbåÐI@Þr¿
Airway @@Š òìbi@LŠòŒí bi @@ñíu@‹¿
Waterway @@ûŠòìb÷@LìaŠaíi @@ð÷bà@‹¿
Veteran, master. @LŠbÙäìíàŒó÷@Lò†‹ØŠbØ L‘İ‹¿
@@솋ØbïmŠbØ
Nurse (med). @@ŠbnŠóq óš‹¿
Corridor, passage @@ìòŠaŠ @@ô“¿
Characteristic, @@ôîóäìí¹@Lò†Ša‰i şïážà
typical.
٢٥٠
Climate @@aìóèììb÷ @@…båà
Caller @@Šò†Šbu@LôšŠ bu @@õ†båà
Free-trade zones †aŒb÷@ðïäb ŠŒbi@ñóšìbä @ò‹y@òŠb¤@Ö båà
Similar, comparable; @@bmìbè@Lìí›ÙŽïÜ@LÛóïäíš êib“à@O‹đÄbåà
analgous
Competitor, rival @@Û‹Äbè @@Ðbåà
Contestant, rival. @@ŠbÙŽïØ“Žïq@LŠóibØŠ â—‚@OÐbåà
Contention, rivalry. @@fØ“Žïq@LõŠóibØŠ óÐbåà
Competition @@ôîìbšìbè@LfØ‹Äbè @@óÐbåà
Price competition …‹ä@ðŽïØ“Žïq ‹É@óÐbåà
Global competition ðäbéïu@ðŽïØ“ŽïŽ q @óï¾bÈ@óÐbåà
Unfair competition aìòŠbä@ôŽïØ“Žïq ó܆bÈ@Ì@óÐbåà
Benefits HçbØòìaŠó I@çbØò†í H‡÷aíÈIÊÐbåà
Bidder @@‹àóØ @@˜Ôbåà
Auction/ public sale @@õ‹àóØ ó—Ôbåžà
(for the lowest).
Tender ñ‹àóØ HöbÈI@ó—Ôbåà
Rostrum, platform. @@üØó@LÛòŒŠói åà
Level country/ @@çłón‚óm Âjåà
ground, plain.
Associated, affiliated, @@oòíîóq knåžà
identified (with).
٢٥١
Affiliate @@ŠbÙnòíîóq knåžà
Grant @LòŠbq@ï“‚óiO”“‚ói ózåà
@@ôåï“‚ói
Demand curve @ñòìbàóš@OóàóØ kÝÜa@ôåzåà
aìa†@Ooaí‚
Cost curve çì훎ïm@ñòìbàóš@OóàóØ óÑÝÙÜa@ôåzåà
Aggregate production @ñòìbàóš@OóàóØ ðÝÙÜa@wmbåÜa@ôåzåà
curve
ôn“ @ðàóèŠói
Aggregate @ñòìbàóš@OóàóØ ðÝØ@×bÑäa@ôåzåà
expenditure curve
ôn“ @ðïuŠó‚
Supply curve @ñòìbàóš@OóàóØ ‹È@ôåzåà
ììŠóån‚
Marginal cost curve @ðäì훎ïm@ñòìbàóš @óî‡y@óÑÝØ@ôåzåà
ðîò†aŠ
Production curves @ðäbØòìbàóš wmbä@pbïåzåà
çbåŽïéàóèŠói
Low, depressed, @@ãä@Lñìóä ù aì@Oуåà
sunken, unelevated.
Statement (written @@ó“‚óq @@Ší“åà
Post, job, office. @@çbà‹Ð@Ooüq óÑïÄì@Ok—åà
Platform @@óäaì† @@Hêib©aI@ó—åà
Logic, rationality, @@ônŽïä⁄Ôó÷@LõjäììŠ óïäþÕÈ@OÖåà
reasoning.

٢٥٢
Region, province @@óšìbä @@óÕåà
Zone @@xbÄ@OçûŒ @@óÕåà
Free trade zone @@†aŒb÷@ôïäb ŠŒbi@ôäûŒ @@‹¨a@߆bjnÜa@óÕåà
Free trade zone @†aŒb÷@ðïäb ŠŒbi@ñóšìbä ò‹y@òŠb¤@óÕåà
Hçûî‹ÐI
Territory, expanse, @@bÄ@LŠómóè |ŽÑ å¾a@L×bä@LóÕåà
extent.
Logical, rational, @LõjäììŠ @LôÙîˆüÜ ðäþÕÈ@OðÕåà
perceptive.
@@ôä⁄Ôó÷@LõŒòìb÷
Cleaner @@çaìóØbq @@ÒÅåà
Organization @@ìa‹ƒÙŽîŠ @@óáÅåà
Nongovernment org. @@ômóàíÙybä@õìa‹ƒÙŽîŠ @@óïàíÙy@Ì@óáÅåà
Non profit Œaí‚óä@wäaŒbÔ@ñìa‹ƒÙŽîŠ @Ó‡énm@ý@óáÅåà
organisation
|i‹Üa
Perspective Ûüåïi@Lμäaì‹ïŽ m@Lb ‡î† ŠíÅåà
Interdiction @@æm‹ŽîŠ@L熋ØóÌò†óÔ @@Êåà
Curfew @@üšìímbè@ô䆋ØóÌò†óÔ @@ßívnÜa@Êåà
Non suit @@熋Øóä@ôîó †a† @@óáØb«@Êåà
Open-minded @@òìa‹Ø@Ú“Žïà @@|nÑåà
Separate, detached. @@bïu@ÚŽïÜ Þ—Ñåà

٢٥٣
Utility @†ìí@LÚÜóØ óÉÑåà
Marginal untility ðîò†aŠ@ðÙÜóØ@O†ìí óî‡y@óÉÑåà
Public utility “ @ðÙÜóØ@O†ìí óàbÈ@óÉÑåà
Movable @@ìímŠbèí @LìaŠŽîí aŠ @@HßíÕåà@ßbàI@ßíÕåà
Movable assets òìaŠŽîí @@ôäbàb@Oߎ bà pýíÕåà
Program @@óàbäŠói @@Hwàbä‹iI@wéåà
Methodical, @@óäaŠbÙŽîŠ @LôîóàbäŠói ðvéåà
systematic,
programmatic
Procedural @@ôîóàbäŠói@LõŒbjŽîŠ @@ðvéåà
Methodology ãa‹ û‹q@Lìò‹ïŽ q @wàbä‹i@L@óïvéåà
Convulsive, @@ˆ‹ @Lìa‹åŽîˆóè ÞÉÑåžà@Oxbéžà
spasmodic; irritated,
vexed.
Smuggler @@ô›‚bšbÔ @@l‹éà
Clown @@ôšónÜb @LóüØ @@x‹éà
Vacation póÜüà óÝéà
Important @@Âä‹ @@âéà
Careless, negligent @@óÙÝîìb‚@Lãó‚ŠónàóØ @@Þáéà
Careless, remiss, @@ãó‚ŠónàóØ@L†Šbàó‚ ânéà@Ì@OÞáéà
unheeding.
Profession, @@pbÉå@Ló“ïq @@óåéà
occupation
٢٥٤
Engineer @@ŠbîŒa‡äó÷ @@‘‡åéà
Ready @@ò†bàb÷ @@öôéà
Core, dominant @@oò†łbi æáïéžà
Confrontation @@熋Ø@ììŠóiììŠ @@óéuaíà
Material, supply ßóqíÜóØ@LónòŠóØ †aíà
Raw material ìb‚@ñónòŠóØ ãb‚@†aíà
Consumed materials @@ò‹q@ì@ò‹’ @@óÙÝénà@†aíà
Human resources çbØóïîû‹à@òìbšŠó @óî‹“i@†Šaíà
Fixed resources @çbØòŠü óä@òìbšŠó @ónibq@†Šaíà
Material resources @òìbšŠó @óî†bà@†Šaíà
HçbØóïäómIçbØóbà
Limited resources @@Ša†Šíå@ñòìbšŠó ò†ì‡«@†Šaíà
Parallel, side by side; @@kîŠóm ñŒaíà
conforming, alike.
Citizen @@ômłììbè@O‡ŽîŒìbè @@æ aíà
Citizenship @@ônŽïmýììbè @@óå aíà
I agree/ consent @@âÝîbÔ@LâîŒaŠ @@ÖÐaíà
Consent, agreement @@õ‡äóàaŒòŠ @@óÕÐaíà
Adherent, follower. @@‹äóîý —ä@OðÜaíà

٢٥٥
Assets @@ìíióè@ôØóàín’@O×bÑm @@pa†íuíà
Physical assets çbØóïbà@òìíióè @óî†bà@pa†íuíà
Liquid assets @@óåïn‚óä@L•bØ @@óî‡Õä@pa†íuíà
Fashion, style. @@ìbi@Lò†üà H‡÷bÜaI@čñŒ@Oò†íà
Inherited; handed @@òìbàüi tŽŠíà
down, transmitted.
Source, origin; @@òìbšŠó @@Êjåà@L†Šíà
resource
Season @@ŒŠòì @@@âíà
Local, neighborhood. @@ôØóåŽîí’@LŠó‚bm ðÝ«@LðÉšíà
Topic, theme, subject @@póibi@L‘bi Ëíšíà
Civil servant, @@ŠaŒímóà‚ ÒÄíà
employee
Emp;oyee, official, @@‡äóàŠbØ@LŠójäbàŠóÐ @@ÒÄíà
jobholder
Maintenance man/ @@ŠbîîŠbq@Lj‚ó óäbï–@ÒÄíà
officer.
Provisional, @@ômbØ @@oÔíà
temporary
Locality, place, area. @@æŽîí’@LŠóÄò† ÊÔíà
Prison, jail; detention @@óäb‚ím‹ @@ÒÔí¾a
center
Stand, position, @@oîŽ íÜóè @@ÒÔíà
attitude
Station @@ónŽîì @@@ÒÔíà
Parking @õó ‹ aŠ@OóÜüà @@HpaŠbïÜaI@ÒÔíà

٢٥٦
 @@Þïiíàümü÷
Detained, detainee @@ìím‹ @@@ÓíÔíà
Procession, @@òìaˆóØ kØíà
motorcade, parade.
Pact @@çbºóq @@‡éÈO×brïà
Balance, scales @@ììŒaŠóm@Läýbi @@çaïà
Investment budget çbåŽïèŠóiòì@ñììŒaŠóm Šbárnýa@çaïà
Balance of terror @@‘‹m@õììŒaŠóm @@kÈ‹Üa@çaïà
Balance of payments @@ìaŠ†@õòŠbq@ôäýbi @@pbÈíЇ¾a@çaïà
Trade balance @@ôäb ŠŒbi@ôäłbi @@ñŠb¤@çaïà
Balance of trade @ñŠü @íÜb÷@ñìŒaŠóm ñŠb¤@çaïà
ðäb ŠŒbi
Balance of current @ôîŠbØŠbàˆ@ñìŒaŠóm ñŠbu@lby@çaïà
account
íîìòŠ
Adverse balance çŠa†@Oóäaìó›Žïq@ñìŒaŠóm kÜb@çaïà
Balance of payments ça‡Žïq@ñìŒaŠóm pbÈíЇà@çaïà
Balance of lending ñŠaŒŠóÔ@ñìŒaŠóm óïäíî‡à@çaïà
Budget @@óu†íi @@óïäaïà
Ordinary (normal) @@ôîbb÷@õóu†íi @@óî†bïnÈa@óïäaïà
budget
Working/ operating @OŠóióäbåŽïè@õóu†íi @ÞáÈ@OŠbárnýa@óïäaïà
budget
٢٥٧
 @@熋َïqŠbØ
Budget which shows @@ìbåŽïémŠíØ@ñóu†íi @@avÈ@‹éÅm@óïäaïà
a deficit
Fixed budget Š ü óä@ñóu†íi ónibq@óïäaïà
Annual budget @@óäýb@õóu†íi @@óîíå@óïäaïà
Balance sheet ‹n“ @ñóu†íi óïàíáÈ@óïäaïà
Standarised budget óäaíŽïq@ñóu†íi óïbïÔ@óïäaïà
Supplementary @ŠóØìaìóm@õóu†íi @HóÝáÙàI@óÕzÝà@óïäaïà
budget
@@HüÙ’bqI
Left hand side @Lóqóš@LÂäóqóš @@ò‹ïà
@@tóšónò†
Microscope @@μi†Šì @@líÙì‹Ùïà
Slope õŠý@Lñ‰ŽïÜ Þïà
Inclination, penchant @@Þîóà@LììŒòŠb÷ @@Þïà
Inclined, favorably @@Šbióbm@Lóbm @@ßbčïà
disposed
Marginal propensity @ðîò†aŠ@ñììŒòŠb÷ Šb‚†þÜ@ñ‡y@Þïà
to save
@L熋ÙmìóØó’bq
@ôîììŒòŠbøàóØ
熋ÙmìóØó’bq
Marginal propensity @ðîò†aŠ@ñììŒòŠb÷ ÛþénþÜ@ñ‡y@Þïà
to consume
熋iŠbØói

٢٥٨
Negative slope @ñŠý@OõŠþŽîŠóä kÜb@Þïà
HŽîŠóäI@ÆïmóŽïä
Positive slope ŽîŠó÷@ðïÜ@OõŠþŽîŠó÷ kuíà@Þïà
Right hand @LónaŠ@LÂäónaŠ @@óåáïà
@@oaŠónò†
Port, harbor @@Šò‡äói @@öbåïà
Port of embarkation @@熋؊bi@õŠò‡äói @@Šb¢ýa@öbåïà
Port of @@æm‹ a†@õŠò‡äói @@ßaäýa@öbåïà
disembarkation
Port of entry òìòìbä@óäìíš@ñŠò‡äói ß킇Üa@öbåïà
Port of arrival @@´“îó @õŠò‡äói @@ßí–íÜa@öbåïà
Airport @Lôäbb÷@õŠò‡äói @@ñíu@öbåïà
@@óäb‚óØû‹Ð
Free port @@†aŒb÷@õŠò‡äói @@‹y@öbåïà
Shipping port @@熋؊bi@õŠò‡äói @@æz’@öbåïà

٢٥٩
 ç
Parliamentarian @@ŠbnäbàóÜŠóq@LŠóåŽîíä @@Hçb¾Üa@ÀI@k÷bä
Deputy, vice- @@‹Žïu @@HÞïØìI@k÷bä
Product, return @@ãóèŠói@Lò†‹ @@wmbä
Output, yield, product @ãóèŠói wmbä
Gross national @ôîòìómóä@ôàóèŠói @@ðàíÕÜa@wmbåÜa
product
@@ôäbán“ïä
Gross domestic @LôÜbàü‚@ôàóèŠói @@ðÝa@wmbåÜa
product
@õ†ŠììaŠò†@õò†‹
@@ôŽïuíŽïä
Real output óåïÔónaŠ@ðàóèŠói ðÕïÕy@wmbä
Annual product óäłb@ðàóèŠói ñíå@wmbä
Net product o‚íq@ðàóèŠói Àb–@wmbä
National product ðîòìómóä@ðàóèŠói ðàíÔ@wmbä
Gross national @ðàóèŠói@ôàóuŠó ðÜb»a@ðàíÔ@wmbä
product
@ðîòìómóä
Net national product @ðàóèŠói@õón‚íq Àb–@ðàíÔ@wmbä
@ðîòìómóä
Domestic product ðÜbàü‚@ðàóèŠói ðÝ«@wmbä
Final product @aì†@LðîbmüØ@ðàóèŠói ð÷béä@wmbä
ãóèŠói
٢٦٠
Produce ãìíiìŠói@LãóèŠói xínåà@Lwmbä
Prose writer @@‘íåäb“‚óq@LŠbï“‚óq @@‹qbä
Successful @Lì횊ò†@LíïòŠ @@|ubä
@@ìímìóØŠó
District @@‡äójÜóà @@óïybä
Elector, voter (in an @@Šò‡äò†@L‹Žî‰jÜóè k‚bä
election).
Rare, scarce. @@çóá ò† Š†bä
Rarely @@çóá ò†ói @@aŠ†bä
Nazism @@ônŽïîŒbä @@óîŒbåÜa
Mature, grown. @@íïîóŽïq@Lˆa‹Ð wšbä
Critic @@‹ óå‚òŠ @@‡Ôbä
Evolved, developed. @@õˆa‹Ð@Lò‡å’ó ðàbä
Output, yield; return, @@ãóèŠói@Lón“ŽîìbèŠò† óÝï—y@Oxbnä
proceed.
Result, outcome, fruit. @@ãb−òŠói@Lãb−ó÷@LŠói óÝï—y@Oóvïnä
Result, conclusion @@ãb−ó÷ @@êvïnä
Prose @@çb“‚óq @@‹rä
Petty cash @Šói@ñòŠbq@LðuŠó‚@ò†Šì óî‹rä
oò†
Copper @@à @@‘b®

٢٦١
Call, appeal @@Œaìóäbi @@öa‡ä
Scarcity @ðäóá ò† òŠ‡ä
Relative scarcity @ò‰ŽîŠ @Lðîò‰ŽîŠ @ðïäóá ò† óïjä@òŠ‡ä
ôäóá ò†
Insert, incorporate @@çbåŽïm@Lçbäû‹ïŽ m@L´ƒŽïm @@xaŠ†a
Seminar, symposium @@Š üØ@LüØóà @@òì‡ä
Forerunner, @@òŠóió“Žïq ‡÷aŠ@O‹î‰ä
forebearer.
Disputte, controvercy @@ôØüØbä@Ló“ŽïØ @@Ëaä
Labour disputs @LñŠbÙŽî‹Ø@ñó“ŽïØ ðÜbáÈ@Ëaä
õŠbÙŽî‹Ø@ðïØüØbä
Disarmament @@μÜbàa‡Øóš @@þÜa@Ëä
Expropriation @ÚÝà@LômóîbÙÜíà@ôåïÜbàa† @@óïÙݾa@Ëä
@@òìóä‡äó@Ž¶
Downward, in descen @@ìb“Øa† ðÜìä
ding order
Brain drain @@çaŠû†@Šè @@ßíÕÉÜa@Òîä
Rate @@ò‰ŽîŠ @LõŠó ìbè @@ójä
Reserve ratio Ûò†óî@ñò‰ŽîŠ ð bïnyýa@ójä
Deposit rate ò†Šbr@ñ†ìí@ñò‰ŽîŠ óÉî†ì@ò‡÷bÐ@ójä
Cash ratio @O‚óä@ñò‰ŽîŠŽ óî‡Õä@ójä
ôîóåïn‚óä
٢٦٢
Copy, facsimile, @@‘ìíäììŠ@LôqüØ óƒä
duplicate.
Original text/ copy @ôÔò†@LçóòŠ@ôïqüØ @@@óïÝ–c@óƒä
@@çóòŠ@OôïÝ ó÷
Certified true copy @ôäóòŠ@õóåŽîì @@óÔ‡—à@óïÝ–c@óƒä
@@ìa‹åŽïnaŠ
Certified copy @@×ò†ìbÔò†@ôïqüØ @@Þ–ÿa@Öj @óƒä
System, order; layout @@ânï @@ÖåÜa
Social system @@ômóîýóàüØ@ôánï @@ðÈbánuýa@ÖåÜa
Genesis, origin, @@çìíia‡îóq@L†ŠìaŠó æîíÙm@Lü“ä
formation
Activity @@ôØýbš @@Ãb“ä
Economic activity @@ðÜüu@öâu@OðïØýbš ñ†b—nÔa@Ãb“ä
ñŠìíib÷
Market activity @@ðÜüu@öâu@OðïØýbš ×í@Ãb“ä
Š aŒbi
Entrepreneurial @OóäaŠóƒÙŽîŠ @ðïØýbš âÅåà@Ãb“ä
activity
ÚŽïq@ì@ÚŽîŠ
Blotting paper @@Ûû‰à@LÛò‰à @@Ób“ä
Publication, bulletin @@ó“‚óq @@ò‹“ä
School bulletin @@ó ‹ŽïÐ@õó“‚óq @@óïŠ‡à@ò‹“ä
Active, lively. @@@aŠbØ@LÛüÜìíu@LÛýbš ßbčÉÐ@LÂï“ä

٢٦٣
Text @@×ò† @@˜ä
Legal text @@ôîbbî@OôäìíäbÔ@ôÔò† @@ðäíäbÔ@˜ä
Advice @@õŠb ˆüàb÷ @@ózï—ä
Expression, utterance; @@òˆaì Öžä
wording
Verbal, pronounced, @@ôîòˆaì ðÅÑÜ@LñjÉm@LðÕä
expressed in words.
Order @@õàbÔó @@ãbÅä
Regulation @@ìò‹ïŽ q @@ãbÅä
System @@ânï @@HâÙ¨a@líÝaI@ãbÅä
Regime @@âŽîˆŠ @@HâÙ¨aI@ãbÅä
Order @Lôîò†ìíb÷@LôàaŠb÷ @@HæàcI@ãbÅä
@@ôèbäóm
Articles of association @ðïmòŠóåi@ðánï óØ‹“ÝÜ@ðba@ãbÅä
ìaŠŒóàa†
Price system …‹ä@ðánï ŠbÉa@ãbÅä
Bipolar system @@@õŠóàóuìì†@ôánï @ð÷bårÜa@lbÕnýa@ãbÅä
World system @@ôäbéïu@ôánï @@ð¾bÉÜa@ãbÅåÜa
Single metallic aäbØ@Ûóî@ðánï ‡yaíÜa@ç‡É¾a@ãbÅä
system
Clearing system ñŠbØüØbq@ðánï ó–bÕ¾a@ãbÅä
Barter system @OñŠó a†ìó@ðánï @ó›îbÕ¾a@ãbÅä
熋ØŠü íÜb÷
٢٦٤
Multilateralism ýò‹Ð@ðäa‡Žïq@ðánï Óa‹ a@†‡Énà@ÊІ@ãbÅä
Capitalist system @@õŠa†óîbàŠó@ôánï @@ðÜbcŠ@ãbÅä
Market system Š aŒbi@ðánï ×í@ãbÅä
Gold exchange ‹ŽîŒói@‹ŽîìíÜb÷@ðánï kè‰Übi@Ó‹–@ãbÅä
system
Social security system @ðánï ðÈbánua@çbáš@ãbÅä
@ð䆋؊óiónò†
@ôîbïå܆@OðmóîłóàüØ
ômóîłóàüØ
Law and order @@ôn“ @õìò‹ïŽ q @@ãbÈ@ãbÅä
Private-enterprise pójîbm@ñòˆû‹q@ôánï ™b‚@Ëì‹“à@ãbÅä
system
Exchange clearing @ðîŠbØüØbq@ðánï ߆bjnà@ó–bÕà@ãbÅä
system
ìa‹ØŠü íÜb÷
Monarchical system @@ômóîb’bq@ôánï @@ðÙÝà@ãbÅä
International ðäbéïu@õìaŠ†@ðánï ðÜì†@‡Õä@ãbÅä
monetary system
Paper monetary ŒóÌbØ@ñòŠbq@ðánï @óïÔŠì@†íÕä@ãbÅä
system
System, set of @@b Œò†@Lãa‡äó÷üØ Œbéu@OãbÅä
arrangement of
things, machinery
Theory ñŠüïm@L@Œû†i óî‹Åä
Economic theory ñŠìíib÷@ñŒû†i @óî†b—nÔa@óî‹Åä
Public choice theory @ð䆊a‰jÜóè@ñŒû†i ãbÉÜa@Šbïn‚ýa@óî‹Åä
“
٢٦٥
Cash balance theory @H@ñŒû†iI@ñŠüïm óî‡ÕåÜa@ò‡–Šýa@óî‹Åä
@Lðîóåïn‚óä@ðäaíïn“q
@@ìaŠ†@õóîbà@õŒû†i
Game theory 熋ÙîŠbî@ñŒû†i@OŠüïm lbÉÜýa@óî‹Åä
Theory of production çbåŽïéàóèŠói@ñŒû†i xbnäýa@óî‹Åä
Theory of rent óäbÙÜíà@ñŒû†i Êî‹Üa@óî‹Åä
Theory of value bèói@ñŒû†i @óáïÕÜa@óî‹Åä
Game theory @@óàó @ôîŠüïm@OŒû†i @@kÉÝÜa@óî‹Åä
Growth theory ó’ó @ñŒû†i íáåÜa@óî‹Åä
Theory of balance of ça‡Žïq@ñììŒaŠóm@ñŒû†i pbÈíЇ¾a@çaïà@óî‹Åä
payments
Monetary theory óåïn‚óä@ñŒû†i óî‡Õä@óî‹Åä
International @öŽßb÷@ð‚‹ä@ðánï @óïÜì†@Ó‹–ŠbÉa@âÅä
exchange rate systems
@ðïmóÜìò†@íŽïä@@ñŠü
ìaŠ†
Depletion òìóäa‹i@Lçbàóä@Lçíiìaìóm †bÑånc@L@ˆbÑä
Waste ça†ûÐói@LûŠó’bq òŠb‚LpbîbÑä
The same source @@òìbšŠó@çbàóè @@Š‡—¾a@Ñä
Subway, underground @@•ìíáÔ ÖÑäŽ
passage; tunnel.
Expenses ôuŠó‚@LçbØòì훎ïm pbÕÑä

٢٦٦
Production outlays @ðïuŠó‚@Oì훎ïm xbnäýa@pbÕÑä
çbåŽïéàóèŠói
Trial costs @@aìa†@ôïuŠó‚@Oì훎ïm @@õíȇÜa@pbÕÑä
Shipping charges @ôïuŠó‚@Oì훎ïm @@æz“Üa@pbÕÑä
@@熋؊bi
Overhead expenses çbØóïïn“ @òì훎ïm óàbÈ@pbÕÑä
Alimony @@óÔóÐóä@LôîòŠbà @@óÕÑä
Separation allowance @ôïuŠó‚@LõóÔóÐóä @@×þÜa@óÕÑä
@@ça‡Ôłóm
Deferred charge @ôïuŠó‚@LõóÔóÐóä óÝuüà@óÕÑä
ìa‹‚aì†
Influence, sway @@ôîìín“îû
 ò†OÒŽïØŠ @@ˆíÑä
General call to arms/ @@j’òŠ @@ãbÈ@Ñä
levy en masse
Unions @LçbØbÙî‡äó pa†b¥a@L@pbibÕä
çbØóïïmóïØóî
Union/syndicate @@bÙî‡äó@OóibÔóä @@óibÕä
Syndicate @@bÙî‡äó@LpbÅu @@óibÕä
Amalgamated union ìím‹Øóî@ñbÙî‡äb ò‡znà@óibÕä
Current debate ðîóØìíäóè@õ‹àín“à ñŠbu@•bÕä
Stretcher @@Šóiónò† @@óÜbÕä

٢٦٧
Criticism @@óå‚òŠ @@‡Õä
Money, currency @@ìaŠ† @@‡Õä
Reserve money @ñòŠbq@Lo“rÜbq@ñòŠbq ð bïnya@‡Õä
Ûò†óî
Cash •bØ@ñòŠbq@Lóåïn‚óä Þ÷b@‡Õä
Artistic criticism @@õŠóäíè@õóå‚òŠ @@Ð@‡Õä
Cash on hand @O×ì‡å@ìbä@ñòŠbq ×ì‡å—Üa@À@‡Õä
oò†Šói
Fund, cash óåïn‚óä@L×ì‡å@LòŠbq ×ì‡å–@L‡Õä
Quashing of a @@òìóä‡äb’òíÜóè@Šbî‹i @@Ša‹ÕÜa@Õä
judgement
Point, period @@oåq@Lÿb‚ @@óÕä
Turning point @ôÜb‚@Lça†ŠóÜb‚ @@ßíznÜa@óÕä
@@çb‚ŠóšŠòì
Transportation @@òìóånaí @@ÞÕä
Relocation; transfer òìóånaí ÞÕä
Change of venue @@òìóånaí @aìa† @@õíȇÜa@ÞÕä
Transfer property to @ômóîbÙÜíà@õòìóånaí @@ñ“¾a@¶a@óïÙݾa@ÞÕä
the buyer
@@Šbî‹Ø@üi
Shipping @@ôîbîŠò†@õòìóånaí @@ñ‹¢@ÞÕä
Land transport @Šó@õòìóånaí @@ñ‹i@ÞÕä
@@ôåïàòŒ
٢٦٨
Air transport @@ôäbb÷@õòìóånaí @@ñíu@ÞÕä
Money, currency o‚óä@LòŠbq@LìaŠ† @óÝáÈ@Lßbà@L@†íÕä
Credit money @@ôîbïå܆@Oðîaì‹i@ñòŠbq óïäbán÷a@†íÕä
Foreign money @@ðäbïi@ñòŠbq @óïjåua@†íÕä
Real money óåïÔónaŠ@ñòŠbq óïÕïÕy@†íÕä
Token money @LòŠbq@ìbäói@LbáŽïè@ñòŠbq HóïaIóîàŠ@†íÕä
òŠbqbáŽïè
Commodity money òŠbq@łbØ@LðïØó@ñòŠbq óïÉÝ@†íÕä
Money in circulation ìaŠó @OìaŠíÜóè@õòŠbq ßìa‡nÜa@À@†íÕä
Convertible money @Oòìóånaí @õìbï’@ñòŠbq ÞîíznÝÜ@óÝibÔ@†íÕä
ôäónaí
Legal money ðîbbî@ñòŠbq óïäíäbÔ@†íÕä
Bank money ðÕäbi@ñòŠbq óïЋ—à@†íÕä
Deposit money ò†Šbr@ñòŠbq Ê÷a†ì@†íÕä
Notes püäóÙäbi@LŒóÌbØ@ñòŠbq óïÔŠì@†íÕä
Paper money @ñŒóÌbØ@ñìaŠ† @óïÔŠì@†íÕä
Pure, unmixed. @@Ûbq@LÂäò‹Øóî ˜Üb‚@Oðč Õä
Self-denial @@ônîìóäü‚ pa‰Üa@ça‹Ùä
Pattern ŒaíŽï’@Loàó ¹

٢٦٩
Growth ó’ó í¹
Unilateral growth óäóîý@Ûóî@ñó’ó käb§a@ñ†bya@í¹
Economic growth ñŠìíib÷@ñó’ó ñ†b—nÔa@í¹
Balanced growth @OÂäóìbè@ñó’ó çŒaínà@í¹
Šójàbè
Sustainable growth ãaìò†Šói@ñó’ó ãa‡nà@í¹
Evolution, @ó’ó @Lõˆa‹Ð ðÔŠ@Lí¹
derelopment
Sample, example @@óäìí¹ @@xˆí¹
Prosedure, mode, @@ŒbjŽîŠ @@wéä
manner.
Method, way; mode, @@òíŽï’ @@óÕî‹ @Owéä
manner.
Rise, advancement, @@çìíiaŠ Ïìi@Oíéä
progress; renaissance.
Prohibition @@´“Žïèóä@L熋ØóÌò†óÔ @@HÊåàI@ðéä
Core, heart, kernel @@Ûìbä@LììŠü‚ k
č Ü@Oòaíä
Shortages ñìaìómbä@LñŠíØ@öãóØ Ší—Ô@L@˜Ôaíä
Type, kind @@æ’óš@LŠüu @@Ëíä
Quality, nature, @@ŽîŠüu óïÈíä
character, makeup.
Intention, animus @@oóióà@LŒbïä @@H‡—ÔI@óïä
Intent to commit @@´’íØ@õŒbïä @@ÞnÕÜa@óïä
murder

٢٧٠
Malicious intent @@óäbïîŠbÙäaìbm@õŒbïä @@óïà‹u@óïä
Good faith, bona fide @@Ûbš@õŒbïä @@óåy@óïä
Bad faith, mala fide @@õŒbïä†ói @@óøï@óïä

٢٧١
 ë
Profit margin wäaŒbÔ@ñŠaíŽïÜ |iŠ@”àbè

Donation, gift @@õŠbî†@L”“‚ói @@ójè

Decline æîŒóia† Ãíjè

Brain drain @ôšüØ@LŽÞÔó÷@ðšüØ @Óaåna@LßíÕÈ@ò‹vè

çbØòŠè ßíÕÈ
Moslem calendar @@ðšüØ @@õ‹vè

Assault @@Šbàýóq@L•‹Žïè@LpóÜóè b›Õäa@Lãívè

Armistice @@oói‹ b÷ @@óä‡a

Capital flight óîbàŠó@młóè ßb¾a@‘cŠ@lì‹è

Orgasm, climax @@‰Žïš@õóÙmìíÜ Ëbá§a@òşèđ

High/ elevated place. @@çbi@Lçýóm ‡−@Lój›è

Engineering @@òŒa‡äó÷ @@ê‡åè

Geometric @õòŒa‡äó÷@LòŒa‡äóäóm @@óáa@ê‡åa

engineering @@ónóuŠói
Inclination, penchant @@õŠa†aìóè @@õíè

Identity @@óbåŽïq @@óîíè

Body, board, @@ónò† @@óøïè

assembly
Advisory body @@çaìa‹ÙŽïq‰ŽîìaŠ @õónò† @@óîŠb“nýa@óøïa

٢٧٢
Board of editors @@çaŠóìíä@õónò† @@@‹î‹znÜa@óøïè

The Magistracy, the @@ó †a†@õónò† @@óáÙa@óøïè

bench
Syndicate / union @@pbÅu@õónò† @@óïibÕåÜa@óøïa
board
Electoral body @@熊a‰jÜóè@õónò† @@óïibƒnäa@óøïè

Legislative assembly @OŠóäa‡äìíäbÔ@õónò† @@óïÉî‹“m@óøïè

@@Šóäa†bbî
Board of governors; @Lôäa‹áØíy@ôäóàí−ó÷ @@öaŠ‡à@OãbÙy@óøïè
gorerning body @@çbîaìò‹äbàŠóÐ@õónò†
Diplomatic corps @@ôbàüÝrî†@õónò† @@óïbàíÝi†@óøïè

Political body @@ôbï@õónò† @@óïbï@óøïè

Consultancy board @@‰ŽîìaŠ @õónò† @@óîŠb“nýa@êøïa

Passion, strong @@ôîa‡îó’@Lì솊b÷ ÊÜì@Lãbïè

feeling/ emotion
Prestige; majesty @@üÙ’ @@ójïè

Awe @@ãb @@ójïè

Structure, frameelork @@ómbéÙŽïq@LŠóÙîóq @@ÞÙïè

structural @@ôîómbéÙŽïq @@ðÝÙïè

Financial framework @õómbéÙŽïq@OñŠóÙîóq ðÜbà@ÞÙïè
ôîaŠa†
Market structure Š aŒbi@ñómbéÙŽïq@OŠóÙîóq ×í@kïØ‹m@OÞÙïè

Hegemony @@ôäìíàˆóè @@óåáïè

٢٧٣
 ì
Assured, confident @@bïå܆@Lçbîó‚Šb÷ æøáà@LÖqaì
Function, obligation @@ÛŠó÷@LâîŒìóm @@kuaì
Due, payable @@ôîò‡i @@ÊЇÜa@kuaì
Incoming @@ìímbè ò†Šaì
(correspondence, etc.)
Obvious, manifest, @@æ’ûŠ@LçììŠ@Lbîí‚ ðÝu@O|šaì
clear
Preacher @@Šbîˆüàb÷@L‹îŽ ‡äóq @@ÆÈaì
Myriad/ numerous/ a @@ò‡äóiòŒ@Lò‹Ð ‡Éîý@O‹Ðaì
whole.
Defacto, current ŠbióØíäóè@LbnŽï÷@ñŠbi ÊÔaíÜa@‹àa@Lßby@ÊÔaì
situation; status quo
Fact, reality, actually aŠ@LpìóÙÜóè ðÝÉÐ@LóÕïÕy@LÊÔaì
Realistic, pragmatic, @@ðîò†‹Ø@LðÉïÔaì ðÝáÈ@OðÉÔaì
hard-nosed.
Realism, pragmatism @@ôåïjÉïÔaì @@óïÉÔaì
Donor @@ò‡å“‚ói @@kèaì
Chord @@òm @@Hô‡åèI@‹mì
Documentary @@ôîóàbäóÜói ðÕ÷bqì
Document, certificate @LoåïŽ àíïØû†@LóàbäóÜói @@óÕïqì
@@óïÜüq
Insurance policy @@ôîbïå܆@Oóáïi@õóïÜ üq @@μàdm@óÕïqì

٢٧٤
Bill of lading (B/L) @L熋؊bi@õóïÜ üq @@æz’@óÕïqì
@@óàbäŠbi
Certificate of origin @OpòŠóåi@õóàbäaì‹i @@d“å¾a@ò†bé’@óÕïqì
@@óåi@Oóåï›åi
Forged document @@ón‚b@õóàbäóÜói @@òŠìà@óÕïqì
Viewpoint, judgement @@óäaìŠ @L‡î† ‹Åä@óéuì
Consumption units 熋iŠbØói@õóäa†@OóØóî Ûþénýa@pa‡yì
Production units @óäa†@OóØóî xbnäa@pa‡yì
çbØóåŽïéàóèŠói
Unit @ @óØóî @@ò‡yì
Economic unit ñŠìíib÷@ñóØóî óî†b—nÔa@ò‡yì
Monetary unit óåïn‚óä@ñóØóî ‡ÕåÜa@ò‡yì
Cost unit çì훎ïm@ñóØóî ÒïÜbÙm@ò‡yì
Study group, Seminar @LòìóåïÜüÙŽïÜ@ôqì‹ @@pbaŠ†@ò‡yì
(USA)
@@Šbåïáï
Discussion group @@‰Žîìímì@ôqìì‹ @@ó“Ôbåà@ò‡yì
colloquium
One-sided, willful @@þØbm@Lìò‹Øbm @æà@Okäb§a@‡ïyì
‡yaì@Ó‹
Deposits @•Šbr@Lò†Šbr @Ê÷a†ì
Savings deposits pìóØó’bq@ñò†Šbr Šb‚†a@Ê÷a†ì

٢٧٥
Demand deposit @‹Žîˆ@õò†Šbr kÝÜa@o¥@Ê÷a†ì
oaí‚ŠóiOoaí‚
Treasury deposits óåï−ó @ñò†Šbr óäa‚@Ê÷a†ì
Bank deposits ðÙäbi@ñò†Šbr óïЋ—à@Ê÷a†ì
Trust, deposit @@ò†Šbr @@óÉî†ì
Transcendental, @@Šbî†bä@Lðäóqóä âéjžà@Oò©a@×bä@öaŠì
metaphysical;
inrisible, unseen.
Fix, predicament, @@ó ŒóÜóm ó Šì
dilemma.
Valid ballot @ôäa‡äò†@õóÜìíq @@@óïÈ‹’@ËaÔa@óÔŠì
@@o슆
Bill of exchange óàbåàaì@Lðäb ŠŒbi@õóàbä HóÜbïjáØIóîŠb¤@óÔŠì
Bank (promissory) @ðÙäbi@õóàbä óïЋ—à@óÔŠì
note
Tumor, growlth. @@û‹ ãŠì
Ministry, portfolio. @@pòŠaŒòì òŠaŒì
The cabinet @@óåïibØ @@òŠaŒíÜa
Ministry of public @ìŠbØ@ômòŠaŒòì @@çbÙýaì@ßbÍ’ýa@òŠaŒì
works and Housing
@@熋َïuón“ïä
Ministry of @@ç‡äbîó aŠ @ômòaŠŒòì @@ãþÈýa@òŠaŒì
information
Ministry of economy @@ôîŠìíib÷@ômòŠaŒòì @@†b—nÔýa@òŠaŒì
Ministry of @@ôäaìòŠb’@ômòŠaŒòì @@pbî‡ÝjÜa@òŠaŒì
municipalities

٢٧٦
Ministry of @@ôäb ŠŒbi@ômòŠaŒòì @@òŠbvnÜa@òŠaŒì
commerce/ trade
Ministry of planning @@çbäa†@çþq@ômòŠaŒòì @@ÂïƒnÜa@òŠaŒì
Ministry of education @@ò†ŠòìŠóq@ômòŠaŒòì @@óïiÜa@òŠaŒì
Ministry of higher @łbi@ô䆋؋ŽïÐ@ômòŠaŒòì @ðÜbÉÜa@âïÝÉnÜa@òŠaŒì
education and
scientific research @@ônäaŒ@õòìóåîˆüm@ì @@ðáÝÉÜa@szjÜaì
Ministry of foreign @@òìòŠò†@ômòŠaŒòì @@óïuŠb©a@òŠaŒì
affais
Ministry of interior @@ü‚ìbä@ômòŠaŒòì @@óïÝ‚a‡Üa@òŠaŒì
Ministry of defense @@ñ‹ Šói@ômòŠaŒòì @@ËbЇÜa@òŠaŒì
Ministry of irrigation @@õ‹Žî†ìb÷@ômòaŠŒòì @@õ‹Üa@òŠaŒì
Ministry of @@ÿbØín“Ø@ômòŠaŒòì @@óÈaŠÜa@òŠaŒì
agriculture
Ministry of youth @@çaìý@ômòŠaŒòì @@lbj“Üa@òŠaŒì
Ministry of health @@ôn슇äóm@ômòŠaŒòì @@óz—Üa@òŠaŒì
Ministry of industry @@õŒbó“ïq@ômòŠaŒòì @@óÈbå—Üa@òŠaŒì
Ministry of justice @@†a†@ômòŠaŒì @@߇ÉÜa@òŠaŒì
Finance ministry @@ôîaŠa†@ômòŠaŒòì @@óïÜb¾a@òŠaŒì
Ministry of @Oônòíîóq@ômòŠaŒòì @@pþ–aí¾a@òŠaŒì
communications
@@ç‡äbîó
Ministry of the @õŠbiìŠbØ@ômòŠaŒòì @@ßbá“Üa@çìü’@òŠaŒì
northern affairs
@@ŠìíØbi

٢٧٧
Ministry of labor and @õŠbiìŠbØ@ômòŠaŒòì @çìü“Üaì@ÞáÉÜa@òŠaŒì
social affairs
@@ômóîłóàüØ @@óïÈbánuýa
weight @@ôîbŠíÔ@L”ŽïØ @ @çŒì

Gross weight ãóuŠó@ð“ŽïØ ðÜb»a@çŒì

Net weight ón‚íq@ð“ŽïØ Àb–@çŒì
Minister @@‹îŒòì ‹îŒì
M. of information @@ç‡äbîó aŠ@õ‹îŒòì ãþÈýa@‹îŒì
M. of development @@òìó䆋Ùäa†òìb÷@õ‹îŒòì ŠbáÈýa@‹îŒì
M. of economy @@õŠìíib÷@õ‹îŒòì †b—nÔýa@‹îŒì
M. of region @@âîŽ Šóè@õ‹îŒòì âïÝÔýa@‹îŒì
M. of municipalities @@ôäaìòŠb’@õ‹îŒòì pbî‡ÝjÜa@‹îŒì
M. of the evironment @@óåîˆ@õ‹îŒòì óøïjÜa@‹îŒì
M. of planning @@çbäa‡äþq@õ‹îŒòì ÂïƒnÜa@‹îŒì
M. of education @@ò†ŠòìŠóq@õ‹îŒòì @@óïiÜa@‹îŒì
M. of higher @@łbi@ô䆋؋ŽïÐ@õ‹îŒòì ðÜbÉÜa@âïÝÉnÜa@‹îŒì
education
M. of foreign offairs @@òìòŠò†@õ‹îŒòì óïuŠb©a@‹îŒì
M. of interior @@ü‚ìbä@õ‹îŒòì óïÝ‚a‡Üa@‹îŒì
State minister, m. @@póÜìò†@õ‹îŒòì @@óÜì‡Üa@‹îŒì
without portfolio

٢٧٨
m. of sports and youth @@çaìý@ì@•ŒŠòì@õ‹îŒòì lbj“Üaì@óšbî‹Üa@‹îŒì
m. of tourism @@ŠaŒí ín’ó @õ‹îŒòì óybïÜa@‹îŒì
m. of religious affairs @@îb÷@õŠbiìŠbØ@õ‹îŒòì óïåî‡Üa@çìü“Üa@‹îŒì
m. of education @@ôn슇äóm@õ‹îŒòì óz—Üa@‹îŒì
m. of elecricity @@biòŠbØ@õ‹îŒòì óÔbÜa@‹îŒì
m. of justice @@†a†@õ‹îŒòì ߇ÉÜa@‹îŒì
m. of labor @@ŠbØ@õ‹îŒòì ÞáÉÜa@‹îŒì
m. of finance @@ôîaŠa†@õ‹îŒòì óïÜb¾a@‹îŒì
m. of natural @òìbšŠó@õ‹îŒòì óïÉïjÜa@Š†b—¾a@‹îŒì
resources
@@çbØóïïn’ì‹
m. of communication @@ç‡äbîó @õ‹îŒòì pþ–aí¾a@‹îŒì
m. of human rights @@Äû‹à@Àbà@õ‹îŒòì çbäýa@×íÕy@‹îŒì
m. of women affairs @õŠbiìŠbØ@õ‹îŒòì òe‹¾a@çìü’@‹îŒì
@@çbmò‹Ðb÷
Mass media @@ç‡äbîó aŠ@Lbî‡ïà ãþÈýa@Þ÷bì
Means of production @ñŒa‹àb÷@Oüè xbnäa@Þ÷bì
çbåŽïéàóèŠói
Means of living ñíŽî‰i@ñŒa‹àb÷@Oüè ”ïÈ@Þ÷bì
Mediation @@ôäaíî‰iìbä @@ó bì

٢٧٩
Middle, midpoint, @@oaŠòìbä@L‡äòìbä @@Âì
center
Customs broker @ñHŠóØŠb ŒŠI@ôÜłò† ðØ‹»@H˜Ý¬I@Âïì
ð ‹àü
Means, @@ŠbØüè@Lóäü óaì@LóÝïì
instrumentality,
agency; way through.
Tutelage @@õ‹Žî†ìbš@Lò†ŠbraŠ @@@óîb–ì
Guardianship @@õ‹Žî†ìbš @@óîb–ì
Legal guardianship @OôäìíäbÔ@ôî‹Žî†ìbš @@óïäíäbÔ@óîb–ì
@@ôîbbî
Dative tutelage @@õŠòì†a†@õ‹Žî†ìbš @@óï÷b›Ô@óîb–ì
Receipt, voucher @@óÜìíq@Lómóq @@Þ–ì
Bond, link, @@óàíu ÂiŠ@LóÝ–ì
Will @Lóàbä@oŽïòì óï–ì
óàbäò†ŠbraŠ
Position status @@•ìòŠ @@Êšì
Affixing of seals @@熋؊üà @@ãbn‚ýa@Êšì
Status quo @@bnŽï÷@õŠbi@OaŠb÷@ô’ìòŠ @@ðÜb¨a@Oâ÷bÕÜa@ÊšíÜa
@@
Ristraint/ seizure of @ôåm‹ a†Šóói@oò† @@Ûþàýa@ôÝÈ@‡ïÜa@Êšì
property
@@ÚÜíà
Impounding æm‹ a†Šóói@oò† vy@Êšì

٢٨٠
Legal status @OôäìíäbÔ@ô‚û†ìŠbi @@ðäíäbÔ@Êšì
@@ôîbbî
Theorize; speculate @@熋Ø@òîŠüïm óî‹Åä@Êšì
Country @@çbán“ïä @@æ ì
Patriotism @LõŽîŠbrmýì @@óïå ì
@@õŠòìŠóräbán“ïä
Office, post, job @@ŠbØ@LóÝq@Loüq @@óÑïÄì
Function, capacity @@õŠaŒí ŠbØ @@óïÑïÄíÜa
Vessel @@‹Ðò† @@öbÈì
Tax base xbi@õbàóåi ójî‹›Üa@öbÈì
Uneven, rough @@Šaíàóèbä@Lo‚ó @@‹Èì
Awareness, @@õŠbï’üè @@ðÈì
consciojsness
Scoundrel; rogue, @LãŠó“Žïi@LóîbáŽïi ‡Ìì
scamp.
@@ìì‹ibøŽïi
Incidents, events @@ìa†ììŠ @@t†aíy@LÊ÷bÔì
Proceedings @@òìóäìíiüØ@ôäbØòìa†ììŠ @@óݧa@Ê÷bÔì
Suspension, stay @@æm‹ aŠ @@ÒÔì
Endowment; @@ÒÔòì @@ÒÔì
mortmain
Stay of execution @@熋َïuójŽïu@ôåm‹ aŠ @@‰ïÑånÜa@ÒÔì

٢٨١
Shutdown òìóä‡äaˆíØ@Lç‡äbnòìŠbØ öbÑ a@LÞáÉÜa@ÒÔì
Agency (news, etc.) @@@äaˆb÷ óÜbØì
Proxy @@ôîŠbÙî‹i @@óÜbØì
Power of attorney @@óàbåî‹i @@HóÜbØíÜa@óÔŠìI@óÜbØì
News (press) agency @@‘biíäò†@ôäaˆb÷ @@öbjäýa@óÜbØì
Travel agency @ôäaˆb÷@OlónØóà @@‹ÑÜa@óÜbØì
@@üšímbè
Commercial agency @@ôäb ŠŒbi@ôäaˆb÷ @@óîŠb¤@óÜbØì
Employment agency @ñóåïìíä@OñŠbÙî‹i ÞïÍ“m@óÜbØì
ça‡ŽïqŠbØ
Limited power of @ôîŠbÙî‹i@Oóàbåî‹i @@ó–b‚@óÜbØì
attorney
@@ômójîbm
Full power of attorney @ôîŠbÙî‹i@Oóàbåî‹i @@óàbÈ@óÜbØì
@@ôn“
Specialized agency @@‡äó¸ójîbm@ôäaˆb÷ @@ó——ƒnà@óÜbØì
Proxy @@ômóîaŠóåŽîíä @@HóibïäIóÜbØì
Deputy @@‹Žïu@LŠbÙî‹i @@ÞïØì
Agent, representatire ŠóåŽîíä@LÞïØòì@LŠbÙî‹i ÞïØì
Official receiver @õŒŠóÔ@çòìb‚@õŠóåŽîíä @@óïÝÑnÜa@ÞïØì
@@ômìíibä

٢٨٢
Selling agent @@´’û‹Ð@õŠbÙî‹i @@Êïi@ÞïØì
Insurance agent @@ôîbïå܆@Oóáïi@õŠóåŽîíä @@μàdm@ÞïØì
Insurance agent ðîbïå܆@ñŠbÙî‹i μàdm@ÞïØì
Commercial agent @@ôäb ŠŒbi@õŠóåŽîíä @@ñŠb¤@ÞïØì
General/ sole agent @@ôn“ @õŠbÙî‹i @@ãbÈ@ÞïØì
Sales agent ´’û‹Ð@ñŠbÙî‹i pbÉïjà@ÞïØì
Accredited agent @OŠa†óäbánà@õŠóåŽîíä @@‡ánÉà@ÞïØì
@@ìa‹ÙŽïqŠòìbi
Exclusive dealer, sole ŠbÙî‹i@béäóm ‡ïyì@ÞïØì
agent
Deputy minister @@pòŠaŒòì@õŠbÙî‹i @@òŠaŒì@ÞïØì
Illusion, false idea/ @@ߎ bîó‚@LóÙÝîìa‹m óȆb‚@òŠí–@Oâèì
con ception.

٢٨٣
 ñ
Qualify, declare @õìbï’@Lç‡äbï’ Þèüî
compentent/ suitable/
fit. @@´‚Šò†
Give refuge, offer @@ça†@óÜbqóš ñ†dî
protection (to).
Give definition/ @熋Ø@HðŽ ÜI@o’ŠaŒí çbïči@Læčïjî
expression (to),
articulate, interpret. @@´‚Šò†
Market mechanism Š aŒbi@ômìòŠ@OãïäbÙïà ×í@óïÜa
Take form, assume @@æm‹ òíŽï’@Læmbè@ÚŽïq þ
 Ù’@‰ƒnî@L‡čvnî
shape, materialize
Assess, appraise, @@ç‡ä⁄àó‚@Lç‡äb‹Ô æčá²@Oæárî
estimate.
Impound æm‹ a†@Šóói@oò† vn±
Reserve (for exclusive @@æm‹ @fu@L熋Ø@…ŠüÔ v±
use), hold, retain.
To Keep/ file @@ñ
Ž Üóè @@Æѱ
Hoard @ñŠbjàó÷@LòìómbØó÷@ñüØ ånÙî@Lçn²
òìó䆊b’@LpbØó÷
Muffle, stifle; @@ç‡äbØ‹àa†@L熋Ø@sØ ‡á²@OÖå²
suppress.
Arrange, plan, @@´ƒÙŽîŠ @Lç‡äaŒb âÅåî@Okčm‹î
facilitate; harmonize.
Outbid @óÜ@熋Ø@†bîŒ@L熋Ø@ãòŒ ‡îaî
òìóäbÜóè@LxaŠóè
Redeem @oò†ói@ñóØbèói óáïÕÜa@†î
@õóØòŠbq@LòìónŽïåŽïèò†
òìónŽïåŽî†Šò†@õü‚

٢٨٤
Deduce, infer, @@熋Ùî†ói@LçbvåŽïè@Žßóè ßý‡na@Lwnånî
conclude (from).
Solvency @@õ‡äóàóÜìò†@Lôäìíióè @@HôåÌI@‹î

Go down, fall away/ @@æmìóØ@Lçìíi@Žõ‹äòŠó ÂÕî

through, decline.
(act of) controling/ @@熋Ø@μia† ‹ïî
restraining
Forgive, pardon; @@熊ìíjŽïÜ HæÈI@|Ñ—î@O‹›Íî
excuse
Ensure, guarantee, @æàaŒ@L熋؊óiónò† ÞÑÙî@Oæá›î
safegrard. @@熋Ø
Consider, take into @@熋ØìbšòŠ nÉî
account, bear in mind.
Compensate, make up @@òìó䆋Ø@ìíiòŠóÔ číÉî
for (loss, damage,
atc.).
Certainty @@çììŠ@ì@oaŠ @@μÕî

Hold ðmóîóè@LpbØó÷@ñŠa‡ÙÝà Œí±@LÚݺ

Own, possess ŽîŠa‡äòìb‚@LŽîŠa‡ÙÜíà Œí±@LÚݺ

Oath @@‡åŽîí @@μº

Perjury, false oath @@ûŠ†@õ‡åŽîí @@óiˆbØ@μº

Emanate, flow, stem, @@æm‹ @òìbšŠó Örjåî@LsÉjåî

arise (from).
Ferment, undergo @@μîó ‹čáƒåî
fermention.

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Attack, assail, set @•‹Žïè@L熋Ø@H¶
Ž I@ìóè @@ó»béžà@Lâubéî
upon. @@熋i
Drop, sink, decline. @@æîŒóia†@LæmìóØ@Læîìóä уåî@OÂjéî

Utopia @@ó“Žî‡äó÷@Lbïqümíî @@bïqímíî

Work day ˆûŠ@òŠbØ@LŠbØ@ñˆûŠ @@ÞáÈ@ãíî

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