(Physics) FLUID MECHANICS

DPP 2
SOLUTION
F
1. Say there is no atmospheric pressure on piston, P1 = and P2 = P0 .
πR2

Bernoulli's equation at point 1 and 2,

1 1
p1 + ρgh1 + ρv12 = p2 + ρgh2 + ρv22
2 2
F 1
⇒ 2 + ρgh1 − h2 = P0 + ρv22
πR 2

2F 2P0
⇒ v2 = √ 2 − + 2gh1 − h2
πR ρ ρ

2 × 5 × 105 2 × 1.01 × 105

v2 = √ − + 2 × 10 × 10
3.14 × 12 × 1000 1000

≈ 17.8 m s−1
2. Say the coefficient of friction is μ.
Mass of fluid = m = (Ah)ρ
The velocity of efflux, v = √2gh
where h is the height of liquid in vessel.

Force due to emerging liquid

f = ρav 2
So, for preventing from sliding μmg ≥ ρa2
∴ μ × Ahρg ≥ ρav 2
or μAhg ≥ a × 2gh

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(Physics) FLUID MECHANICS
2a
∴μ≥
A
3. By Bernoulli's theorem

1 1
PA + ρvA2 + ρghA = PB + ρvB2 + ρghB
2 2
1 1
As hA = hB ∴ PA + ρvA2 = PB + ρvB2
2 2
1
⇒ PA − PB = ρ(vB2 − vA2 )
2
Now, vA = 0, vB = rω and PA − PB = hρg
1
∴ hρg = 2 ρ(r 2 ω2 − 0)
25ω2
or h = cm [Given, ωr = 5 cm ]
2g

4. The momentum per second carried by liquid per second is ρv 2 A. A is area of cross section of pipe
1
The force exerted due to reflected back molecules is 2 (4 ρav 2 ).

So, the resultant pressure is

1 1
(2 ρAv 2 + 4 ρAv 2 ) 3 2
= ρv
A 4
5. Density, ρ = 500 kg/m3

A1 = a, A2 = a/2; P1 − P2 = 4100 Pa
√x
v1 =
6
By Bernoulli's theorem,
1 1
P1 + ρv12 + ρgh1 = P2 + ρv22 + ρgh2
2 2
1 1
P1 − P2 = ρv22 − ρv12 − ρgh1
2 2
By equation of continuity
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A1 v1 = A2 v2
√x a √x
a⋅ = × v2 ; v2 =
6 2 3
1 x x
4100 = × 800 ( − ) − 800 × 10 × 1
2 9 36
3x
4100 = 400 ( ) − 8000
36
(4100 + 8000) × 36
⇒ = x; x = 363
400 × 3
A1
6. A2 = 2

P1 − P2 = 4500 Pa
1 1
P1 + ρV12 + ρgh = P2 + ρV22 + ρgh
2 2
1
P1 − P2 = ρ(V22 − V12 )
2
And A1 V1 = A2 V2
⇒ V2 = 2 V1
1
4500 = × 750 × 3 V12
2
V1 = 2 m/s
Volume flow rate = A1 V1 = 24 × 10−3 m3 s−1
7. The velocity of efflux is, v = √2gh

Let it takes time t sec in covering a horizontal range R.

1 2(12−h)
Then, 12 − h = 2 gt 2 ⇒ t = √ g

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(Physics) FLUID MECHANICS
2(12−h)
Range, R = vt = √2gh√ g

⇒ R = √4h(12 − h)
dR
For maximum range dh = 0

⇒ h = 6 m.
8. Here,

d1 = 8 × 10−3 m
v1 = 0.4 m s −1 , h = 0.2 m
sv2 = √v12 + 2gh = √(0.4)2 + 2 × 10 × 0.2
≈ 2 m s −1
∴ As per equation of continuity
a1 v1 = a2 v2
2
8 × 10−3 d2 2
π×( ) × 0.4 = π × ( ) × 2
2 2
d2 = 3.6 × 10−3 m
9. Let v = velocity of efflux
a 2
then v 2 = 2gh 1 − (2)

h = 3.0 − 0.525 = 2.475 m

2 × 10 × 2.475 49.50
v2 = =
1 − (0.1)2 0.99
v 2 = 50 m2 s −2
10. v = √2gh = √2 × 10 × 20 = 20 m/s

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