"Rrodscgrgdalo Gd Fos Ldstltualjdgs Mjspltoforlos9

Rrodscgrgdalos Euftlpfgs" Gf Iorbld Bg Fos

(*) Qgeldorlj Bg Cudboegdtjs ‖fo Rrodscgrgdalo―. Gsaugfo Crgublodo Bg @ugdjs Olrgs - Afosg Bgf ?2 Iuflj 0;?0.-

Eñdlao Cubåd - Aorfjs [ojfo

Aorfjs [ojfo9
ffoeor ‖fo @ugdj, mjy
trodscgrgdalo mo`åoejs pgdsobj,
ldstltualjdof―, ajd Eñdlao
j ‖fo trodscgrgdalo o foCubld, tro`oiorj fj
ldstltualñd―, qug sg sugfg
blrgatoegdtg,
‖añej ldtgrvlgdg fo ldstltualñd oslstgdalof bg sofub egdtof gd fo trodscgrgdalo―.
Gdtjdags, ajelgdzj mo`fodbj yj sj`rg el gxpgrlgdalo gd ud Agdtrj bg Qofub Egdtof ajej gs
gf Oeghmldj, qug gs ud Agdtrj sjfj bg ajdsuftjrljs gxtgrdjs, gs bgalr, qug dj tlgdg
ldtgrdoalñd.
Bgspuìs Eñdlao vo o mo`for sj`rg fjs blspjsltlvjs bg ldtgrdoalñd.

Mo`åoejs vlstj qug fo gstruaturo bg fo gxpgrlgdalo odofåtlao ajdslstg gd qug ofhulgd fg mo`fo o
Jtrj (?). Fj auof lepflao udo blrgaalñd qug ffoeoejs bgeodbo.
Gd gsto blrgaalñd ldafulejs, bgsbg fo rgvgfoalñd bg udo ldtgdalñd gd gf blsaursj, yo sgo
rglvldblaotlvo, ohrgslvo j sgbuatjro (0), mosto fo bgeodbo bg bgsalcroelgdtj, qug ffoeoejs
trodscgrgdalo (1).
Bgstoaj gstj ùftlej, pjrqug gstï fj qug sg blag y toe`lìd fj qug sg moag ajd fj qug sg blag
gd fo bgeodbo.
Sofg bgalr9 tro`oioejs ajd fo bgeodbo.
Omjro `lgd, ºquì suagbg ajd gsto blrgaalñd auodbj sg ldtgdto proatlaor gf pslajodïflsls gd ud
ïe`ltj ajej gf mjspltof, bjdbg fo bgeodbo porgag euftlpflaorsg:
\ blhj qug porgag euftlpflaorsg pjrqug fo Ldstltualñd [ù`flao djs ajdcrjdto ajd fghoflbobgs y
gspgalclalbobgs qug ajdblaljdod fjs ejbjs bg fo bgeodbo. \ gstjs ejbjs, sl `lgd sjd
gxtgrljrgs of odïflsls, euamos vgags susaltod j`stïaufjs auodbj gf odoflsto bg`g pjslaljdorsg
ajej tof.
Gd prlegr fuhor, ajdcrjdtoejs ajd fo bgeodbo ldstltualjdof bg auepflr ajd ofhudjs
ldstruatlvjs qug ocgatod dj sñfj o fjs prjcgsljdofgs sldj toe`lìd o fjs poalgdtgs. [jrqug gf
Gstobj, ajej tjbo gstruaturo bg pjbgr, bo ldstruatlvjs oagrao bg fjs sgrvlaljs qug bg`gd
prgstor su ldstltualjdgs.
Oså, fo ldstltualñd rghfoegdto fo hrotulbob bg fo otgdalñd, fjs pfozjs bg buroalñd bg fjs

- [ïhldo ? bg 01 -
Ajpyrlhmt 0;?3 - GC@O - Rjbjs fjs bgrgamjs rgsgrvobjs
trotoelgdtjs, fo aodtlbob bg obelsljdgs qug sg bg`gd rgoflzor
r goflzor pjr egs y fo j`flhotjrlgbob bg
otgdbgr jclaljs iublalofgs y bg ajdcgaaljdor gstobåstlaos.
[grj toe`lìd, fo ldstltualñd gsto`fgag fos ajdblaljdgs poro fo obelslñd y fjs blspjsltlvjs qug
gf alubobodj bg`g otrovgsor poro sgr otgdblbj9 fo ldcjreoalñd, gf turdj, fo gdtrgvlsto bg
obelslñd, fo bgrlvoalñd.
\ auodto eïs `urjaroalo sg ldtgrpjdho gdtrg gf poalgdtg y gf prjcgsljdof qug vo o otgdbgrfj,
eoyjr sgrï fo tgdbgdalo of odjdleotj gd blamo ajdsufto.
Oså, gd fjs ldlaljs, gs `ostodtg crgaugdtg qug dj sg rgaugrbgd fjs dje`rgs> y qug ìsg o qulgd
sg fg blrlhg fo pofo`ro sgo ud jtrj ldstltualjdof sld gdaordoburo.
Gs `ostodtg ajeùd qug auodbj ofhulgd ffgho o vgdtodlffo, y fo gdcgregro obeldlstrotlvo fg
prghudto9 ‖ºajd quì prjcgsljdof sg otlgdbg:―, gf poalgdtg rgspjdbo9 ‖gspgrg qug dj eg
oaugrbj― y soqug fo torigtlto poro cliorsg qulìd gs gf prjcgsljdof. J ldafusj, gs crgaugdtg qug
ofhulgd blho9 ‖yj oaï gstuvg gd trotoelgdtj―, ‖ºsl:―, ‖gstuvg trgs egsgs gf oÿj posobj―,
‖om, ºajd qulìd gstuvj gd trotoelgdtj:―, ‖dj, dj eg oaugrbj, gro udj bg `or`o―.
J sgo, euamos vgags sg fg blrlhg fo pofo`ro o gsg Jtrj ldstltualjdof y pjr omå fo prlegro
ldtgrvgdalñd tlgdg qug vgr ajd gsj, ajd moagr qug gsg Jtrj o qulgd sg fg blrlhg fo pofo`ro gstì
gdaordobj.
Oslelsej, gstos djreotlvos bgtgreldod ud algrtj pgrclf bg ajdsuftos. [jr gigepfj, gd ud
Agdtrj bg Qofub Egdtof, qug sñfj tlgdg ajdsuftjrljs gxtgrdjs ajej gf Oeghmldj, moy trgs
ajdblaljdgs toxotlvos poro fo obelslñd9
?.Gd
?.Gd todtj dj moy blspjsltlvj bg ldtgrdoalñd, fo pgrsjdo gd ajdsufto dj bg`grï prgsgdtor
rlgshj ldeldgdtg poro så, dl poro tgragrjs, dl poro fos ldstofoaljdgs.
0.Gd
0.Gd todtj fo oslstgdalo qugbo alraudsarlpto o trotoelgdtjs oe`ufotjrljs, fo pgrsjdo gd
ajdsufto bg`grï sgr aopoz bg gspgror, of egdjs, gdtrg ud turdj y jtrj.
1.Gd
1.Gd todtj dj moy ldcrogstruaturo eìblao, fo pgrsjdo gd ajdsufto bg`grï sgr aopoz bg troeltor
su
[jrsucrlelgdtj
jtro portg, psåqulaj pjr våo
fo jcgrto qug bg fo pofo`ro.
fo ldstltualñd moag o fo ajeudlbob dj sñfj prjeugvg fo bgeodbo
gspjdtïdgo bg oslstgdalo. Roe`lìd moy jtros bgeodbos, ofhudos bg fos auofgs bgrlvod bg fjs
gquåvjajs qug ldtrjbuag blamo jcgrto.
Wd prlegr gquåvjaj bgrlvo bgf gdtrgaruzoelgdtj bgf arltgrlj bg djreoflbob (qug gs gstobåstlaj)
ajd gf bg sofub (qug gs `ljfjhlsto). Oså, `lzorroegdtg, sg tlgdbg o mjejfjhor ‖sodj― ajd
‖djreof―.
Bgsbg gsto pgrspgatlvo, tjbo Ldstltualñd [ù`flao bg Qofub Egdtof, bgvlgdg gsagdorlj
prlvlfghlobj, todtj poro gfgvor qugios pjr fo ‖ajdbuato odjreof― bg ofhudjs, ajej poro
bgeodbor su urhgdtg rgstltualñd o fjs ‖gspgro`fgs―
‖ gspgro`fgs― porïegtrjs bg djreoflbob.
Qg ohrgho, gdtjdags, ud tlpj portlaufor bg bgeodbo ldstltualjdof, qug pjbgejs ffoeor bg
‖djreoflzoalñd― (2), gd fo auof, fj qug vlgdg croaosobj bg fo fgy (7), j fj qug dj odbo bg fo
ldstltualñd gsajfor j coelflor, aj`ro ajdslstgdalo gd ofhulgd qug, dje`robj ajej poalgdtg y
‖eodbobj― o trotoelgdtj, dj gs suigtj bg gso bgeodbo, of egdjs gd fo ldstodalo bg fo
obelslñd.

- [ïhldo 0 bg 01 -
Ajpyrlhmt 0;?3 - GC@O - Rjbjs fjs bgrgamjs rgsgrvobjs
Wd sghudbj gquåvjaj bgrlvo bg mjejfjhor sofub y oslstgdalo. Qg sugfg mo`for bgf bgrgamj o
fo sofub bg fjs alubobodjs. [grj gf bgrgamj dj gs o fo sofub (qug gs ud gstobj portlaufor bgf
alubobodj), sldj o fo oslstgdalo hrotulto (qug gs ud sgrvlalj qug gf Gstobj bg`g `rldbor).
Gsto mjejfjhoalñd prjplalo, gd gstjs tlgepjs bg gxafuslñd, fo oporlalñd bg fo portlaufor clhuro
bg oqugf qug vlgdg of Mjspltof o rgafoeor pjr su sofub, ajej sl sg trotoro bg ud `lgd qug
ofhùd Jtrj bg`lgro bjdorfg j rgstltulrfg. \, pjr gxtgdslñd, fo oporlalñd bg oqugffjs qug, o
dje`rg bg fo Qofub, rgafoeod pjr jtrjs bgrgamjs qug gf Gstobj, aoåbj gd su cudalñd bg
rghufor gf `lgd ajeùd, mo bgiobj bg horodtlzor.
Bg bg fjs rgqulsltjs y ajdblaljdgs auyj auepflelgdtj bgeodbo fo ldstltualñd, tlgepj y bldgrj
mod slbj, burodtg bìaobos, gigs prlvlfghlobjs bgf bg`otg oagrao bg fo pjsl`lflbob bg ud
odïflsls offå.
Ajd rgspgatj o fo hrotulbob, ofhudjs ‖oposljdobjs― pfodtgo`od qug blamo ajdblalñd vjfvåo
lepjsl`fg ud odïflsls gd fo ldstltualñd,
l dstltualñd, pjrqug supjdåod qug offå qugbo`o aodagfobo fo
troeltoalñd bg fos blegdsljdgs bg j`igtj y slhdlclaodtg qug gf bldgrj tlgdg.
\, ajej tjbj poalgdtg bg`åo pohor ajd bldgrj pjr su odïflsls poro dj pohorfj ajd soarlclalj,
rgbuaåod fo gxpgrlgdalo gd gf mjspltof o ud ‖aj`rg sld ofgoalñd―, slgeprg gd ajdajrbodalo ajd
gf tlgepj bg fos gdtrgvlstos prgfleldorgs.
Jtrjs, gd aoe`lj, sjstgdåod fo ajdvlaalñd bg qug fo hrotulbob gro udo bg fos todtos cjreos bg
fo lepjsl`lflbob iuhobo gd tjbj odïflsls. \ gf bldgrj, gd cofto gd fo Ldstltualñd, pjbåo mo`lfltorsg
ajej fo prgsgdalo bg udo ousgdalo.
Wdo vgz lepugsto gsto ajdvlaalñd, fo prghudto sj`rg fo pjsl`lflbob bg cudbor ud odïflsls gd gf
mjspltof sg agdtrñ gd gf tlgepj. [jrqug gf odoflsto offå sg gdaugdtro ldegrsj gd fo porobjio bg
udo bgalslñd dj odofåtlao9 prgalpltor, rgspgatj bgf cld, udo ajdafuslñd odtlalpobo.
Gdtjdags, ºquì gstotutj tlgdg udo sodalñd bg ajdafulr qug, gd todtj rgspugsto o fo bgeodbo
bg oslstgdalo eoslvo, dj sg cudbo gd fo ìtlao bgf bgsgj: ºBgselgdtg qug mu`j ud odïflsls
offå:
Ql `lgd ofhudjs ldtgrrjhodtgs qugbod tjbovåo o`lgrtjs, mjy pjbgejs oclreor qug fjs odoflstos
qug sjstlgdgd y mod sjstgdlbj su proxls gd fos Ldstltualjdgs [ù`flaos, yo mod rgspjdblbj
oclreotlvoegdtg gd oatj o fo prghudto pjr fo pjsl`lflbob bg cudbor ud odïflsls offå (3).
Qlhulgdbj fo ruto crgublodo, algdtjs bg tro`oijs pu`flaobjs otgstlhuod qug fo pjslalñd bgf
odoflsto pugbg ofaodzorsg orrl`o bg ud trgd j gd fo aleo bg udo ejdtoÿo.
Bgaåo of ajelgdzj qug tro`oiï`oejs ajd fo bgeodbo. \ so`gejs qug tjbo bgeodbo slgeprg
sg rgclgrg o jtro ajso qug fos sotlscoaaljdgs qug gffo rgafoeo.
Fo bgeodbo, blag Foaod gd gf Qgeldorlj 7, gs ofhj bg udo dgagslbob, qug pjr gstor blrlhlbj of
Jtrj, poso of egblj bgf slhdlclaodtg (8). [jr fj qug slgeprg rgstorï ofhj eïs offï bg fj qug
pugbo sotlscoagrsg pjr su ldtgregblj.
Fughj, fo bgeodbo dudao sg prgsgdto bgsdubo. Qu cjreufoalñd tlgdg gd augdto of slstgeo bgf
Jtrj. Gs pjr gsj qug sg blscrozo sghùd ajd quì tgdho qug vìrsgfos. Qg blrlhlrï bg udo algrto
eodgro o fo `gdgcoatjro, bg jtro eodgro of `odqugrj, (...) bg jtro eodgro of aosoegdtgrj.
Oså, sg bgeodbo ofhj bg fj qug sg tlgdg dgagslbob gd dje`rg bg jtro ajso, bg fo qug o vgags

- [ïhldo 1 bg 01 -
Ajpyrlhmt 0;?3 - GC@O - Rjbjs fjs bgrgamjs rgsgrvobjs
toe`lìd sg tlgdg dgagslbob, pgrj qug sgrï eïs cïalfegdtg obeltlbo ajej prgtgxtj o fo
bgeodbo.
[jr fj qug, tjbo pjslalñd qug dj ajdtgepfg gf eïs offï bg fo bgeodbo, ajdcrjdtorï
lrrgegblo`fgegdtg ajd gf ‖dj gs gsj―.
J pgjr9 tgdbgrï o aodagfor fo pjsl`lflbob bg qug gsg ofhulgd, yo sgo vlatlelzobj, ‖eodbobj―
o trotoelgdtj j rgafoeodbj pjr su bgrgamj o fo sofub, sg moho suigtj bg gso bgeodbo.
[jrqug dj gs fj elsej rgspjdbgr o fo bgeodbo, tof y ajej gs cjreufobo, qug opjstor o fo
gegrhgdalo bgf suigtj.
Gf jfvlbj bg gstg eïs offï, bgvlgdg slgeprg rgslstgdalo bgf odoflsto, oajdtgzao j dj gd gf
eoraj bg udo Ldstltualñd [ù`flao.
Fo ldstltualñd pù`flao gs ud gspoalj oslstgdalof bjdbg fos bgeodbos sg pfuroflzod. Offå gf
odoflsto gs ajdcrjdtobj, prlvlfghloboegdtg, ajd fj qug fj prgalplto o ldvgdtor dugvos
ofgoaljdgs, o cld bg rgldtrjbualr fo fñhlao bgf dj tjbj.
Sorlos bìaobos bg proxls gd fo ldstltualñd
l dstltualñd pjdgd gd gvlbgdalo qug, sl `lgd ajd fo ìtlao bgf
pslajodïflsls dj moy ofgoalñd pjsl`fg, fo pjslalñd bgf odoflsto pugbg ofaodzorsg, oùd
sjpjrtodbj vorloaljdgs gd fos ajdblaljdgs bgf gdauobrg y gd fjs ejbjs bg prgsgdtoalñd bg fo
bgeodbo.
[jr fj qug eg outjrlzj o bgalr qug fo Ldstltualñd Oslstgdalof gs ud gsagdorlj prjplalj bjdbg
ldtgrrjhor fo pjslalñd bgf odoflsto. [jrqug, ajdejvlgdbj bg vgz gd auodbj oqugffjs rltuofgs
qug prgtgdbgd horodtlzorfo, pjdg ofhudos vgags vgags gd suspgdsj
suspgdsj fj yo so`lbj, jcrgalgdbj fo
amodag bg ldvgstlhor fj qug rgsufto gsgdalof poro ofaodzorfo.
[rgalsoegdtg, cug gd gf Mjspltof bjdbg Foaod gdajdtrñ su Oleìg. Cudboaljdof gdaugdtrj bg
oejr y so`gr qug ldtrjbuij fo pslajsls gd gf aoepj bg fj odoflzo`fg (=).

GF IOPBLD BG FOQ RPODQCGPGDALOQ EWFRL[FGQ

Eñdlao Cubld9

@ugdj, gsauamïdbjfj o Aorfjs, vjy o ajdtlduor ajd gstg tgeo t geo bg fo trodscgrgdalo gd fos
ldstltualjdgs bgsbg jtrj ïdhufj, gf ïdhufj bg fo
f o ldtgrdoalñd.
\j fgs troig ofhùd eotgrlof cjtjhrïclaj poro qug pugbod sltuor bg quì gstoejs mo`fodbj, bg
quì fgs vjy o mo`for.…
(Gdtrgho ud eotgrlof cjtjhrïclaj poro su alraufoalñd). sjd prjbuaaljdgs, euamos sj`rg gf
gspoalj bjdbg vlvgd, fos oatlvlbobgs qug rgoflzod ajej toffgrgs bg tltgrgs, prjbuaalñd bg pod,
`jfsos rgalafobos, pldturo, bl`uijs,
bl`uijs, fos eoraos qug bgiod gd fo foss porgbgs y jtros bg
prjbuaaljdgs bg fjs poalgdtgs bgdtrj bgf mjspltof, qug gffjs moagd, toe`lgd bg añej sg sltuod
gd fjs gspoaljs bjdbg vlvgd.
ffoeì o gsto afosg ‖Gf iorbåd bg fos trodscgrgdalos eùftlpfgs―. [jrqug yj tro`oij gd gf mjspltof
[slajoslstgdalof Ejdjvofgdtg Ijsg R. @jrbo, ajej mo`foejs gd jtro jpjrtudlbob, y ustgbgs
so`gd qug gs ud gblclalj euy odtlhuj, ud mjspltof `ostodtg afïslaj, bjdbg sj`rgo`udbod fjs

- [ïhldo 2 bg 01 -
Ajpyrlhmt 0;?3 - GC@O - Rjbjs fjs bgrgamjs rgsgrvobjs
iorbldgs. Aosl ajej ud pgqugÿj
pgqugÿj pug`fj, pjrqug tlgdg of rgbg
rgbgbjr
bjr bg ?0;; pgrsjdos, gdtrg
gdtrg
prjcgsljdofgs, poalgdtgs y pgrsjdof ouxlflor, oså qug gs ajej ud pgqugÿj pug`fj.
Fgs bgaåo qug ffoeì oså o gstg tro`oij pjrqug bgf iorbåd bgf mjspltof oporgag ud poalgdtg. Qofg
ajej ud gspgatrj bg fo dobo y o el fobj blag ‖ºFg porgag qug eg gsaopg: Mjy tgdbråo qug
mo`greg lbj, pgrj oså, sualj y sld pfoto ºo bñdbg vjy o lr: Ocugro dj eg vod o qugrgr, egijr
eg qugbj.― Qld gspgror rgspugsto, bgsoporgag ajej vldj. Gdtrg fo plgbob y gf osje`rj,
`of`uagj udo rgspugsto qug dudao sgrï gsauamobo pjrqug yo portlñ o rgcuhlorsg gd jtrj
rldañd. Gs udo bgeodbo ldtrodsltlvo qug rgpgtlrï aosl blorloegdtg o qulgdgs posgd o su fobj,
moalìdbjfjs portlalpor bg fo clgsto bg su iorbåd.
Fgj gd @jrhgs ‖Rjbj gf iorbåd gs udo fuz opoal`fg qug lfueldo fo torbg. Gf iorbldaltj gs ajej
ud båo bg clgsto gd fo pj`rgzo bg fo tlgrro. Odbos pjr tu iorbåd. Ofhj, fj sg, tg cofto.―
Blag Offjuam gd rgcgrgdalo o gsj
gsj ‖\ auodbj djs moag gf rghrghofj
ofj y gf mjdjr bg tjeordjs pjr
tgstlhjs bg su tgstlejdlj, bgeodbïdbjdjs sodaljdor su voflbgz, pgrj bgsbg ud sltlj bgsbg
bjdbg gstï gxafulbj qug pjboejs moagrfj―. Qu`royj ‖gxafulbj―.
Crosgs geltlbos pjr gstjs poalgdtgs qug sjd su ejbj bg odafoig, udo pfjeobo. [greltlrfg qug
gd sus fåeltgs sg ldtgrrjhug sld so`gr fj qug qulgrg j fj qug blij gs trotor ajd gsjs rgstjs
gxtroÿjs bg trodscgrgdalo. Wd suigtj moag pjsl`fg su gxlstgdalo gd fo egblbo gd qug oporgag
ldsarlptj gd gf aoepj bgf Jtrj.
Mo`foejs gspgaåclaoegdtg bg poalgdtgs pslañtlajs ldtgrdobjs. ºAñej sg ldsarl`gd gd gf
aoepj bgf Jtrj mjspltoforlj: Gf pslañtlaj tlgdg gd gf mjspltof ofhudo pjsl`lflbob bg su`igtlvor,
gd fo egblbo bg fj pjsl`fg, sus oatjs. Gf moagr o su ejbj fozj sjalof. Oajepoÿorfj o trodsltor
gsjs aoeldjs bg udo mjspltoflzoalñd gs tgdgr rghlstrj bg su prgsgdalo gd gf eudbj. Pghlstrj
qug fo ldstltualñd gd gstg aosj tlgdg bg gsg suigtj qug fj ldsarl`g gd gf jrbgd bg fos pofo`ros,
slgdbj fo ajdtldulbob bg fjs gdaugdtrjs euy lepjrtodtg gd gso gauoalñd, qug djs ldafuyg gd
fo cudalñd.
El tro`oij
Aorfjs, yo ajd fo pslajsls
mo`lgdbj gd fo fjs
trodsltobj afådlao mjspltoforlo
posjs, ‑pjbgejspugbg
sl gf pslajodïflsls pgdsorfj
j djmjy, ajejgdbgaåo
tro`oior udo
ldstltualñd j moagr gcgatlvo omå su ldtgrvgdalñd‑.
ldtgrvgdalñd‑. El tro`oij ajd fo pslajsls, gdtjdags,
gdtjdags, eg ffgvo
o prgsgdtor ofhudos rgcfgxljdgs ajd rgspgatj o fo trodscgrgdalo sltuodbj bjs ospgatjs
gdtrgfozobjs bg gsto prïatlao. \ gstj gs fj qug qulgrj ajeportlr ajd ustgbgs gd gstg tro`oij.
Gd prlegr tìreldj ºAñej eoraod y rgajdj rgajdjagd
agd gstjs poalgdtgs sussus tgrrltjrljs: ºAuïfgs sjd
fos crjdtgros qug ud odoflsto pugbg rgajdjagr
r gajdjagr auodbj fj qug sg bo o fggr sg gdaugdtro gd gf
fuhor gd qug gf poalgdtg vlvg y o su vgz gs fuhor bg auro y oslstgdalo:
Gd sghudbj tìreldj, ofhudos j`sgrvoaljdgs sj`rg fo trodscgrgdalo, sus fåeltgs y j`stïaufjs
gd udo ldtgrdoalñd.
Oqugffj qug sg gsto`fgag gdtrg gf poalgdtg ldtgrdobj y fo ldstltualñd qug fj of`grho, pugbg
moagr qug ud pslañtlaj ldslsto gd pgreodgagr gd gf mjspltof j fj tjeg ajej fuhor bg
rgcgrgdalo. Pgajrbgejs qug ‖mjspltof― vlgdg bg fo roåz r oåz ‖mjspltgs― qug gs ‖muìspgb―. ºDj:
Fuhor qug mjspgbo. Mjstof, mugspgb.
Ajej bgaåoejs gd afosgs odtgrljrgs sj`rg pslajsls, gf poalgdtg ofjiobj, vådaufj qug dj sg

- [ïhldo 7 bg 01 -
Ajpyrlhmt 0;?3 - GC@O - Rjbjs fjs bgrgamjs rgsgrvobjs
gsto`fgag pjr gf bgsgj bg bgsau`rlr ‑gstj gs euy lepjrtodtg qug fj pjboejs sltuor. [oalgdtg
qug pgreodgag ldtgrdobj gd ud mjspltof‑ dj pjr su bgsgj bg bgsau`rlr gf so`gr qug
bgtgreldo su sucrlelgdtj, sldj qug offå pugbg gdajdtror ofhùd tlpj bg rgspugsto. Wd fuhor
bjdbg ofjior su so`gr, bjdbg oajtor ud hjag ejrtåcgrj.
ºAuïf gs gf egaodlsej trodscgrgdalof pgrtur`objr bg fo rgfoalñd of Jtrj ajej tof: Altj udo
prghudto bgf elsej tgxtj qug fgs fgå odtgs, bg Offjuam, qug els ajepoÿgrjs eg opjrtorjd,
qug blag ‖[ortoejs bg udo djtoalñd afådlao of ofaodag bg tjbjs. Fo ldslstgdalo bgf oflgdobj bg
dj obeltlrsg ajej tof. ºDj gs sjrprgdbgdtg: Crgdtg o fo pslajsls, odleorsg y bgiorsg ffgvor
pjr algrtos gxpgrlgdalos qug fjs elsejs poalgdtgs djs trodseltgd y djs pgreltgd ovodzor gd
fos prghudtos qug eg huåod.
Gd fjs oÿjs qug ffgvj bg prïatlao ajd fo pslajsls, rgajrrå o ejbj bg ldvgstlhoalñd, aïeoro gd
eodj, fjs rldajdgs, poslffjs, sofos, iorbldgs> oprgdbå o elror bgdtrj bg fjs pfoaorgs, oreorljs,
aoijdgs> o ajdvgrsor ajd fjs poalgdtgs, qulgdgs gd fo eoyjråo bg fjs aosjs gsto`od
blspugstjs o mo`for bg gffjs y ejstrorfjs ajej qulgd eugstro portg bg su aoso. Oqugffj qug fj
flho of Jtrj mjspltoforlj.
Qg prgsgdtorjd tgrrltjrljs `lzorrjs, ajfjrlbjs, sje`råjs, bgspjiobjs, odjbldjs. [grj tjbjs
mo`fo`od pjr så elsejs. Gd tjbjs pjbåod fggrsg eoraos su`igtlvos. Wd mjspltof qug rgcfgio dj
sjfj fos eoraos bg oqugffjs o qulgdgs of`grho y sucrgd, sldj qug pobgag fjs elsejs ovotorgs
qug fo sjalgbob gd fo qug sg gdaugdtrod.― Gstj gs ud pjaj fj qug bgaåo Aorfjs, ºsghulrï fo
ldstltualñd, dj sghulrï…: Dj gs fo prghudto qug udj sg moag ajej prjcgsljdof, sldj qug fjs
poalgdtgs toe`lìd oporgagd gd gsto augstlñd bgf sgr y dj sgr. ºDj:
Wd trotoelgdtj qug bgiorï bg bgsorrjfforsg gdtrg auotrj porgbgs bg ud ajdsuftjrlj poro
bgspfghorsg of `jrbg bg udo aoeo, gd fo rlqugzo bg slhdjs y slhdlclaodtgs qug lrïd pj`fodbj
ud blsaursj pj`rg. \ tgdbrgejs qug bgior qug oqugffj qug fj rjbgo, mo`fg, y djs bg udo plsto
eïs bg añej oajepoÿorfj moalo su soflbo. Bgtgdgrsg y j`sgrvor su mï`ltot, fos porgbgs qug
pjrtod susy trodsltod,
vlvgd offå gsarlturos pjdgr
y fos pldturos,
o tro`oiorfos eoraos
cjreos bgortåstlaos
gxprgslñdbgqug
susdjs
eurjs,
bod oqug
vgrbgiod o qulgdgs
ldajrpjrïdbjfos
gd gf blsaursj bg udo auro.
Omjro `lgd, udj trodslto pjr ud mjspltof bjdbg oporgag tjbj gstj y otlgdbg poalgdtgs qug
gstïd ldtgrdobjs. ºAñej bg`åod fggr fjs pslajodoflstos fos gsagdos qug sg lepjdåod
l epjdåod ajd
prgeuro: Fo pofo`ro slgeprg blspugsto oprgdblñ o bgspfghorsg gd fjs fuhorgsf uhorgs egdjs
usuofgs… egdjs usuofgs poro gf pslajodïflsls. Eodlj`roejs bgsbg fo trodscgrgdalo
hgdgrodbj blspjsltlvjs ajej fjs qug vlejs gd fo afosg posobo, sg oaugrbod, o Fos eoÿodos
ajd Pjeldo y fjs gseoftgs bg uÿos, tjbj fj qug cug surhlgdbj.
Gf trotoelgdtj odofåtlaj tof ajej cugro ajdag`lbj pjr Crgub rgqugråo bg ajdblaljdgs qug gf
poalgdtg pslañtlaj dj pjsgåo. Gsto ajdagpalñd crgublodo ajdtldùo vlhgdtg, pugs algrtos
ldtgrvgdaljdgs pslajodofåtlaos pugbgd rgsuftor mosto ajdtroprjbuagdtgs.
Fo bgsegsuro bg fo oaalñd j fo ldml`lalñd djs gxlhgd blcgrgdtgs ldtgrvgdaljdgs poro fo
ldstouroalñd bg fo trodscgrgdalo. Qg rgqulgrgd jpgroaljdgs prgvlos poro oaagbgr o fo pofo`ro.
Gf mjrrjr of oatj ‑qug bgsplgrtod gsto eodgro bg jpgror pslajodofltlaoegdtg gd fuhorgs dj

- [ïhldo 3 bg 01 -
Ajpyrlhmt 0;?3 - GC@O - Rjbjs fjs bgrgamjs rgsgrvobjs
gspgaåclaoegdtg poro fjs qug mo slbj argobj‑ gf mjrrjr of oatj, o fos trodscgrgdalos sofvoigs, o
fjs gdauobrgs bgsgdauobrobjs qug prjpjdg fo oslstgdalo gd ldstltualjdgs, gf rgqugrlelgdtj
obeldlstrotlvj `urjarïtlaj, fjs blohdñstlajs qug dj algrrod, moagd qug ldtgdtgejs eltlhor gf
bgsoeporj bg udo prïatlao oiustïdbjdjs, o vgags gxagslvoegdtg, o ud blsaursj udlvgrsltorlj
y o forhos flstos sgeljfñhlaos qug oporgagd gd gf BQE LLL, LS, ALG-?;… ajeprj`odbj udo vgz
eïs, o pgsor bg gstj, qug ‖fjs afovltjs dj gdaoiod ajd fjs ohuigrltjs―.
Fo urhgdalo ffgvo hgdgrofegdtg o fo ldtgrdoalñd, g ldtgrpgfo of odoflsto gd su so`gr moagr. Blag
Foaod gd ‖Fo blrgaalñd bg fo auro―9 ‖Gdtjdags mo`fo. \ sl mo`fo, djs plbg. Qu pgtlalñd gs
ldtrodsltlvo. Dj prgsupjdg dldhùd j`igtj.
j`igtj. [oro gsj boejs dugs
dugstro
tro prgsgdalo, slgdbj ìsto gd
prlegr fuhor, fo oaalñd bg gsauamor qug gs fo ajdblalñd bg fo pofo`ro.― Djsjtrjs gstoejs omå,
gd gsg pug`fj, blhoejs. Rrodsltoejs pjr gsos aoffgs y gsjs fuhorgs.
Gf pslajodïflsls pugbg sgr
sgr gd gf ïe`ltj mjspltoforlj euy gcgatlvj auodbj
auodbj sg tjpo ajd fj qug
dj eoramo, ajd gf gquåvjaj, ajd fo ajdtldhgdalo, ajd fo ldobgauoalñd gdtrg gf fgdhuoig y fj
Pgof.
Gf ffoeobj o vgags lepflao udo prghudto qug opudto o fo rupturo bgf blsaursj oflgdodtg bgf
Jtrj. Gstj qug toe`lìd egdaljdo`o Aorfjs gd rgfoalñd o gsos bgeodbos obeldlstrotlvos,
`urjarïtlaos, o algrtos augstljdgs.
Wd pslajodïflsls mjspltoforlj qug gdaugdtro fo soflbo ajbj o ajbj gdtrg jtrjs ajfghos, ajd sus
blsaursjs y sus blcgrgdalos, rgeodbj gd fo orgdo iudtj o jtrjs poalgdtgs.
Omjro, gd gf pudtj udj bg fo prghudto, qug gs º_uì pugbg sgr fgåbj gd fos porgbgs y gd fjs
iorbldgs qug mo`fod: Ql fo trodscgrgdalo
trodscgrgdalo gs fo trodscgrgdalo bgf odo
odoflsto,
flsto, gf mjspltof gsg Jtrj
prgsgdtg poro poalgdtg, gs portg bg fo gauoalñd. Fj qug sg prjbuag gd udo ldtgrdoalñd tlgdgd
toe`lìd gf gcgatj, gf eoraj, gf gdauobrg, bg oqugffj qug troto bg gdauobror.
Fos bgeodbos, ajej bgaåoejs, bg gstjs poalgdtgs, qug sg bod gd auofqulgr fuhor,
trosagdblgdbj fos pugrtos bg fjs ajdsuftjrljs, iorbldgs, poslffjs, sofos bg gspgro, ajdvlgrtgd
gd fuhorgs prjplaljs poro qug sg oagrqugd o qulgdgs qulgrod gsauamorfjs y cjreufor
prghudtos.
[ugbgd pgblr, ldtgrrjhor, gxprgsor su oejr, su jblj, ajdtor crohegdtjs bg su mlstjrlo j
qugborsg mo`fodbj sjfjs, oudqug fg mo`fgd o fos porgbgs. [orgbgs bg ud Jtrj qug fgs jcrgag
ud fuhor bjdbg bgspfghor gf fgdhuoig.
Aoeldj pjr gf iorbåd y bg fos sje`ros ud sgr odñdlej poso o gdaordor gf gxtrodigrj bg poslffj
y blag ‖ºWstgb tro`oio oaï:― prghudto gf poalgdtg. ‖Ql― fg blhj. ‖º\ dj tlgdg elgbj: Oaï
gstoejs tjbjs fjajs―.
Gdtrg gf obgdtrj bgf ocugro, gf oquå y offï, gdaugdtrod udo blcgrgdalo bg gsjs eurjs bjdbg
tjbj porgag sgr pjsl`fg y obqulrlr jtrj sgdtlbj, gdajdtrodbj gf fuhor poro fo prghudto ldsñflto y
gf ospgatj gstrocoforlj.
Fo ldstltualñd trodseltg, tof ajej fj moagd fjs poalgdtgs, ‖eïs offï― bg fos pofo`ros ‑rgtjej
gf ‖eïs offï― bgf qug iustoegdtg mo`fï`oejs
mo`fï`oejs rgalìd, tgdgr gd augdto
augdto gf ‖eïs offï―‑ slhdjs y
gstjs oùd gd tjbo su oe`lhögbob rgprgsgdtorïd ofhj poro ofhulgd. Qlhdjs qug bg`gd sgr
fgåbjs.

- [ïhldo 8 bg 01 -
Ajpyrlhmt 0;?3 - GC@O - Rjbjs fjs bgrgamjs rgsgrvobjs
Mg
oÿjs trotobj bg rgsaotor
y gf mjspltof fo elrobo
sg ajdvlgrtg gdysufo mjhor.
vjz jaufto
Fos auodbj
pgqugÿosud ajsos
poalgdtg qugldtgrdobj
huorbo ofjsugstï burodtg
ofrgbgbjr,
qug ajfjao ‑ofhudjs gstïd gd fos cjtjs, qug moy omå‑ qug ajfjao sj`rg su oreorlj, qug jaufto,
fjs j`igtjs ajd qug objrdo sus porgbgs, su aoeo, su gstlfj `lzorrj, gf fuhor qug gflhg poro
gstor gd fo sofo, sl sofg j dj, mo`fo bg fos eoraos qug bgio pjr gf fuhor qug trodslto.
Arlstoflzoalñd bg ud vådaufj gspgalof gd sus gspoaljs. Qus claaljdgs y sus bgflrljs. Slbos
odñdleos, gspoaljs djeldobjs.
\j ffoeì gd ofhùd tro`oij
tr o`oij ‖fo alubobgfo mjspltoforlo―. Wdo alubobgfo pjrqug of`grho udo
huordlalñd bg poalgdtgs ajej sl cugro gf ùftlej rgcuhlj. \ o vgags, fj gs. º[jr quì:
[o`gffjdgs sje`råjs y oeuroffobjs, egtïcjros bg prgiulalj gdtrg fj `ugdj y fj eofj, fj djreof
y fj odjreof, su`sjalgbob qug mo hgdgrobj ud fåeltg f åeltg bg ajdtgdalñd y blspgrslñd prjplo bgsbg
bjdbg portgd gf ajdagptj bg gxafuslñd y eorhldoalñd.
Mue`grtj Gaj, qug tro`oio gf tgeo bg fos alubobgfos, fos ffoeo ‖egblgvoflzoalñd―, pugs udo
sgrlg bg eldjråos rgamozod fo ldtghroalñd, sg ajdstltuygd gd ud afod y aobo afod sg ajdvlgrtg
gd ud agdtrj prjplj, qulg`rg bgf tlgepj tlgepj bjdbg fo vlbo obqulgrg jtro blegdslñd,
blegdslñd, jtro blegdslñd
tgepjrof. Gf tlgepj pslqulïtrlaj j psåqulaj, gd gstg aosj, prgvofgag sj`rg gf tlgepj
arjdjfñhlaj qug sg blfoto y sg plgrbg. Buroalñd ‑o blcgrgdalo bg fj qug Aorfjs egdaljdo`o gd
fjs fuhorgs bg ajdsuftjrljs gxtgrdjs‑ bjdbg fo buroalñd bg fjs f js trotoelgdtjs porgag sgr ldcldlto.
_ulg`rg bgf tlgepj. Ql fjs odoflstos dj jpgroejs offå gd udo cudalñd bg ajrtg, ajd fo elrobo
pugsto gd gf oatj bgf ofto j bg ffoo gxtgrdoalñd, gdtjdags sjejs tjeobjs, bg ofhudo eodgro,
ajd gstg ajdagptj ‖otgepjrof―, aosl, pjbråoejs bgalr.
Ql gf gdcgrej, blag Crgub gd ‖Eïs offï bgf prldalplj bgf pfoagr―, ‖Ql gf gdcgrej gsto`fgag ajd
fo ldstltualñd udo trodscgrgdalo dghotlvo, o`odbjdorï torbg j tgeprodj t geprodj gf gsto`fgalelgdtj sld
mo`gr ajdsghulbj oflvlj ofhudj j mo`lgdbj gepgjrobj. Aforoegdtg ajej rgslstgdalo o fo
auroalñd, dj yo lepufsodbj of gdcgrej o o`odbjdor gf gsto`fgalelgdtj sldj pjr gf ajdtrorlj
rgtgdlìdbjfj gd ìf, eodtgdlìdbjfj
º[jr quì pgreodgagd oportobj
fjs poalgdtgs bg fo
pslañtlajs gdvlbo rgof.― Gstj
ud mjspltof, oùdblag Crgub publgdbj
o vgags gd ?<0;. lrsg,
lrsg, j
sg vod y bgspuìs vugfvgd, vugfvgd o pgblr fo f o ldtgrdoalñd: º_uì fuhor tlgdg gf mjspltof poro gf
gdcgrej pslañtlaj:
Sgoejs ofhudos sltuoaljdgs ldtgrgsodtgs qug sg prgsgdtod gd udo ldtgrdoalñd, pugs tjbj
mjspltof tlgdg tgropgutos, aoeos, udo aoplffo, ud blrgatjr. [oro ofhudjs gdcgrejs fo prgsgdalo
bg fo ldstltualñd tgdbrï eoyjr cugrzo qug poro jtrjs. Gstïd fjs qug gsto`fgagd fozjs tod
cugrtgs ajd sus tgropgutos qug sjd aopoags bg bgsgsto`lflzorsg auodbj gstjs sofgd bg
voaoaljdgs, bg`lgdbj sgr rg ldtgrdobjs gd su ousgdalo. Moy jtrjs qug dj gstïd
gspgalofegdtg ldtgrgsobjs gd moagrsg otgdbgr pjr ud prjcgsljdof gd portlaufor j pjr gf qug
ajd odtgrljrlbob fjs oslstlñ. Euamjs bg gffjs ‑gstj argj qug tlgdg qug vgr ajd fj pù`flaj qug
vjs toe`lìd egdaljdo`os, Aorfjs‑ euamjs bg gffjs opgdos rgaugrbod gf dje`rg, y fos
bgsarlpaljdgs qug moagd dj ajldalbgd ajd fjs roshjs bg qulgdgs fjs otlgdbgd, o pgsor bg
mo`gr gstobj sjstgdlbjs cugrtgegdtg pjr gffjs. \ gstïd fjs jtrjs, qug oùd sld tgdgr
gsto`fgalbjs ajdtoatjs gsto`fgs y prjcudbjs sg dlghod o o`odbjdor fo ldstltualñd, oùd

- [ïhldo = bg 01 -
Ajpyrlhmt 0;?3 - GC@O - Rjbjs fjs bgrgamjs rgsgrvobjs
tgdlgdbj
Qu aoeo,fuhor bjdbg
su fuhor gd vlvlr y publgdbj
fo sofo, moagrfj. pgrtgdgdalos, sus slfgdaljsjs rldajdgs, sjd
sus gxtrovohodtgs
gspoaljs hodobjs, vofuortg bg su prgsgdalo gd gf eudbj mjspltoforlj. Agfjsjs vlhåos bg ud
tgrrltjrlj ldaopoz bg sgr ajdslbgrobj vofljsj poro qulgd dj mo`ltg tros fjs eurjs bg ud
mjspltof.
Dj tjbj fgs bo fj elsej, oudqug pjr su oflgdoalñd fj porgzao. _ulgd bgsajdjzao gstj,
bgsajdjagrï toe`lìd gf slhdlclaobj qug poro ud poalgdtg ldtgrdobj pugbg tgdgr ud aoe`lj bg
gsagdo. Fos gxpufsljdgs j trosfobjs ajepufslvjs bg gdcgrejs o jtros ldstltualjdgs, ajej
posñ moag udj j bjs oÿjs, bjdbg mo`åo udo ajepufslñd o soaor tjbjs fjs poalgdtgs
ldtgrdobjs, bgseodlajeloflzor, o`rlr fos pugrtos bgf mjspltof, soaor gf mjspltof, `ugdj. [jr
supugstj cugrjd posobjs o ldstltualjdgs prlvobos, pgrj pjr supugstj, ajej dj sg fgs pohñ o
fos ldstltualjdgs prlvobos fjs poalgdtgs vjfvlgrjd of mjspltof, j o fo aoffg. Gdtjdags, euamjs bg
gsjs poalgdtgs sg bgsgsto`lflzorjd of posor o jtro ldstltualñd. Sjfvlgrjd jtro vgz o su mï`ltot
ajtlblodj.
Gdtjdags, fos gxpufsljdgs j trosfobjs ajepufslvjs bg gdcgrejs mod prjbualbj
bgsgsto`lflzoaljdgs,, rghrgsljdgs y pgblbjs gxpfåaltjs bg rgtjrdj of mjspltof. \ sugfgd sgr
bgsgsto`lflzoaljdgs
ldgcgatlvjs sl gf trosfobj gs ud egrj trïeltg `urjarïtlaj bg o`rlr fos pugrtos bg ud eodlajelj,
prjplalobj pjr ofhùd cudaljdorlj bg turdj.
º_uì gs fo ajdslstgdalo mjspltoforlo: Fo ajdslstgdalo mjspltoforlo rgajdjag su clfloalñd ajd fo
aufturo. Fos ldstltualjdgs jcrgagd udo aufturo, porïegtrjs sle`ñflajs, leohldorljs, qug
prjvggd ud oreozñd gstruaturof y qug gsto`fgag algrto eodgro bg ajdvlvlr gd fo ldstltualñd.
Oså, gdtrg todtjs pgrsjdoigs bg ud mjspltof, gstï gf dje`rg bgf blrgatjr bgf mjspltof. Qgrï fo
ldstodalo rgaurrgdtg o trovìs bg pgblbjs, cgflaltoaljdgs, oegdozos j qugios qug fg ffghod gd
ldduegro`fg aodtlbob bg aortos.
Gf pïrrjaj ‑gstj gs ldtgrgsodtg, tjbj mjspltof tlgdg udo Lhfgslo, tjbj mjspltof tlgdg ud pïrrjaj,
gf pïrrjaj
gsto`o bg gstgpjrqug
ajdtgdtj mjspltof, ajd gfpgblbj
ìf mo`åo qug yjo mo`åo mgamjqug
f o Blñagsls
fo udofjgdtrgvlsto
eodboro moaåo euamjs
of pgjr oÿjs,
fuhor bgf eudbj
poro qug ìf publgro tro`oior gd gf fuhor bjdbg gstuvlgrod fjs eïs pj`rgs bg fjs pj`rg y fj
eodbñ of @jrbo. Of iorbåd bg fos bgflalos‑.
Gf pïrrjaj rgprgsgdtorï fo aoro bg Bljs gd fo tlgrro. Fo aoplffo, udo coz o vgags eotgrdo bgf
åajdj sohrobj, jtros, ldqulgtodtgegdtg potgrdo, qug `osaufo gdtrg fo leohgd bg fo aruz, of
auro pïrrjaj.
Eg hustoråo egdaljdorfgs ud pgqugÿj pïrrocj bg udo aorto, qug gstg pïrrocj fgyñ gd udo
amorfo o fo qug yj fj ldvltì gd ud sgeldorlj gd gf mjspltof, poro ajdtor sus oatlvlbobgs. [jrqug
udj bgaåo9 ‖@ugdj, ºpgrj quì moag ud pïrrjaj gd ud eodlajelj: ºAuïf gs su cudalñd, gs
puroegdtg rgflhljso…:― Gsto`o ffgdj, fo aoplffo gsto`o slgeprg ffgdo bg poalgdtgs qug
alraufod, qug vod.
Gdtjdags, ìf blag oså, gf fuhor qug ìf pgdso`o qug tgdåo poro fjs poalgdtgs fo porrjqulo qug
offå cudaljdo`o, y bgaåo gstj ajd sus pofo`ros ‖Fo clhuro bgf soagrbjtg gs egblobjr, pugdtg
gdtrg Bljs y gffjs. _ulgrgd qug fjs `gdblho, qug fjs tjqug,
tjqug, qug fgs rghofg gstoepltos j fjs

- [ïhldo < bg 01 -
Ajpyrlhmt 0;?3 - GC@O - Rjbjs fjs bgrgamjs rgsgrvobjs
rjaåg ajdofohuo
`gdblag tjaor`gdblto. BoregFjudqug
of soagrbjtg. `gsj yj jfgs
sofuboreg ajej fo‑gstg
blho, el pofo`ro gxprgslñd bg qug Bljsºdj:‑
gs pslajodoflsto, fjs dj
tlgdg todto lepjrtodalo. Moy ajej ud rgspgtj of soagrbjtg pjr fj qug gs. Dj pjr fj qug blag.
Gd auofqulgr rldañd bgf mjspltof
mjspltof qulgrgd qug fjs ajdclgsg. Qo`gd qugqug gf auro tg soao fjs
pgaobjs y sl dj fjs tlgdgd fjs ldvgdtod poro qug yj fjs pgrbjdg. Gstj fj pjbgejs ajdstotor
gspgalofegdtg gd fjs poalgdtgs arñdlajs qug gd egblj bg su sjfgbob y o`odbjdj
gxpgrlegdtod gf gstor ldtgrdobjs. Mod mgamj bgf mjspltof, su mjhor.―
Gstj gsarl`g gstg [obrg.
Gdtjdags, gf pslañtlaj o su eodgro ffoeo
ff oeo y bgsbg su lepjsl`lflbob, of lhuof qug ud dlÿj,
rgafoeo pjr fo oyubo bgf jtrj qug Crgub bgdjeldo ajej ‖prñilej―.
Moy jtro gspgaloflbob bgdtrj bg ud pslqulïtrlaj, qug sjd fo aotghjråo bg oyubodtgs bg sgrvlalj
qug tlgdgd ofhudjs poalgdtgs. Gs ud poalgdtg qug gstï gdtrg gf gdcgregrj, pjbråoejs bgalr, y
fjs poalgdtgs. Wdo gspgalg bg aobgtg, bg oyubo.

Aorfjs [ojfo9 (Cugro bg elarñcjdj).

Eñdlao Cubld9 Aforj, qug qugbo omå. \ fgs pohod ud pgqugÿj pgauflj pjr gsto oatlvlbob.
Gdtjdags, gf oyubodtg bg ud sgrvlalj pugbg ajdvgrtlrsg gd ud gspoalj bg aotghjråo bg
prgstlhlj, gdajdtrodbj fo jpjrtudlbob bg tgdgr ud fuhor poro gf jtrj o portlr bg fos rutldos qug
`rldbod fos rutldos bg udo sofo. Iudtj o fo gdcgregråo, bg qulìd rgal`g ldblaoaljdgs. Gf
rgajdjalelgdtj bg fjs prjcgsljdofgs, bg qulgdgs gspgrod ud trotj blcgrgdalobj of rgstj bg sus
ajepoÿgrjs, dj fgs gs ldblcgrgdtg. Gstjs gspoaljs pjaj jrtjbjxjs covjrgagd oaagbgr j
eodtgdgr gf jrbgd bg fo pofo`ro y bg gsto eodgro sg o`rg ud aoepj bg ldtgrvgdalñd
pjsl`lfltodbj ud gdaugdtrj.
º_uì pjsl`fgs ldtgrvgdaljdgs pjbgejs pgdsor poro gf poalgdtg gd gstjs gspoaljs:
Pgdì
dj gs Pjusslffjd
sjfj gd fos gstublo fjs gspoaljs
ldstltualjdgs gd fossldj
pslqulïtrlaos ldstltualjdgs.
gd hgdgrofGstj gs ldstltualjdgs
gd fos ldtgrgsodtg pjrqug
y quì obgeïs
cudaljdgs tlgdgd.
Ìf plgdso fjs fuhorgs qug sjd ajeudgs o tjbjs, potljs, sofos, ajrrgbjrgs, aocgtgråos, oufos.
Blag qug sjd gspoaljs gspjdtïdgjs bjdbg sg rghufo fo otgdalñd bg fos f os oatlvlbobgs ajtlblodos.
Cudaljdod ajej vjagrj, gs bgalr, qug sg blhod y sg trodseltod ldcjreoaljdgs sld bgeoslobj
rlgshj. Fj qug sgråo ‖roblj-poslffj― pjr omå poro auofqulgro qug tro`oig gd ofhùd jtrj fuhor.

Ajegdtorlj bgf pù`flaj9 [jr bjdbg alraufo fj dj-ldstltualjdoflzobj.

Eñdlao Cubld9 Aforj, sjd gspoaljs... gstïd cugro bg fjs gspoaljs jclalofgs g ldtgregblorljs. Fo
pofo`ro alraufo aj jtrj sgdtlbj…

Aorfjs [ojfo9 Bg fjs blspjsltlvjs bg pjbgr.

- [ïhldo ?; bg 01 -
Ajpyrlhmt 0;?3 - GC@O - Rjbjs fjs bgrgamjs rgsgrvobjs
Eñdlao
rgtjeobo Cubld9 Gxoatoegdtg.
gd gspoaljs Fo pofo`ro
dj jclalofgs gdaugdtro oquå ud fuhor bjdbg pugbg sgr gdsoyobo y
dl prjcgsljdofgs.
Omjro, º_uì sg moag ajd fj qug suagbg gd gsjs gspoaljs auodbj gstj gs ud mjspltof y moy
ud poalgdtg ldtgrdobj y vlvg omå: Gf mjspltof jcrgag hrod aodtlbob bg fuhorgs bjdbg gstjs
poalgdtgs pugbgd dj sjfj rgoflzor oatlvlbobgs sldj oreor fozj sjalof ajd gf jtrj, prñilej qug
ajeportg fo ajtlblodglbob. Gstjs gspoaljs pugbgd sgr ortåstlajs, fo`jrofgs, oprgdbgd jclaljs,
cudaljdod ajej ajjpgrotlvos. Fjs prjcgsljdofgs ldtgdtod ejvlflzorfjs prjplalodbj portlalpor bg
gstos oatlvlbobgs sghùd fo gstruaturo bg aobo udj.
Fj qug suagbg gd gstjs gspoaljs, moy ajej trgs cjreos, pjrqug udj sg gdaugdtro ajd gf
poalgdtg qug otlgdbg gd gf alraufor bg gstor ldstltualjdgs. º_uì moag ajd fj qug vg qug moag
gf poalgdtg, gd ud iorbåd, j sl fj vgejs pldtodbj fo porgb, j pghïdbjfg o ofhulgd…:
Ìf blag, udj pugbg pgdsor
pgdsor º_uì po poso:
so: Gd cudalñd bg gsto prjpugsto
prjpugsto qug tlgdg Pjusslffjd, …
fj qug suagbg gd gstjs gspoaljs pugbg tgdgr blstldtjs gcgatjs, pgrj pugbg o fjs prjcgsljdofgs
sgrfgs euy ùtlf gd fjs trotoelgdtjs sl sg fjs rgodubo. º_uì qulgrg bgalr: Ql sg fjs rgldtghro o
fo aobgdo osjalotlvo ajej oatuoflzoalñd trodscgrgdalof y sg fj rgtjeo
r gtjeo gd gf sgdj bg udo
sgslñd. Bg fj ajdtrorlj pugbg qugbor ajej ud bgpñsltj, blag ìf, bjdbg fj qug sg blag j sg
moag gd gf ldtgrstlalj qugbo rgsgrvobj y bgpjsltobj, ldejvlflzobj.
[jr ùftlej, oporgag ajej ud gstotutj bg fj qug ìf ffoeo ‖arlpto―, j sgo, qug moy udo blvlslñd
euy toiodtg gdtrg fj qug poso gd fo sgslñd y fj qug poso ocugro bg fjs tlgepjs bg udo sgslñd.
Roe`lìd Aorfjs mo`fo`o bg gstj gd gsg Mjspltof bg Båo bjdbg sg `oÿo`od fjs poalgdtgs, dj
sg `oÿo`od, `ugdj, quì sg moag ajd gsj qug gstï pjr omå.
Moy jtro sltuoalñd o fo qug sg tlgdg qug prgstor otgdalñd auodbj sg tro`oio gd udo ldstltualñd
y qug sg bo bg gsto eodgro, ajej Aorfjs bgaåo gd gsg sgdtlbj, qug gs fo ejdjtjdåo sgdsjrlof
j blseldualñd bg fjs gståeufjs oe`lgdtofgs. Dj sjejs orqultgatjs dl oe`lgdtoflstos dl
agfobjrgs, pgrj så djs blag ofhj, y gd fo blrgaalñd bg udo auro bg ud poalgdtg gs lepjrtodtg
qug
Moy oofhj
gstjqug
fg prgstgejs
egdjsao`ootgdalñd.
egdjsao`o gf ajdtoatj bgf suigtj ajd gf jtrj y qug sg bgdjeldo ‖vgfj hrls―.
Sgfj hrls gs ud tìreldj qug sg uso poro ud oe`lgdtg bgsprjvlstj bg gstleufoalñd sgdsjrlof.
Gxagsj bg rgpjsj, slfgdalj, sjfgbob, jsaurlbob, sjd fos ajdblaljdgs qug osjalod gf
mjspltoflsej y gf bgtgrljrj. Fo cofto bg bgajroalñd… cåigdsg quì ajsos qug udj blråo ‖`ugdj,
sjd ajsos sgdalffos, bg fj ajtlblodj, aosl dl vofbråo fo pgdo egdaljdorfj―, pgrj så sl moy qug
ldafulrfos gd fo blrgaalñd bgf trotoelgdtj pjrqug gstj, gstg gståeufj qug `usaoejs, sl
`usaoejs qug gf poalgdtg sofho, qug gf poalgdtg sg gxtgrdg, sjd augstljdgs lepjrtodtgs. º[jr
quì: [jrqug ffgvorjd o pgdsor, gstj bg qug fos sofos bg arñdlajs sjd sofos suspgdblbos gd gf
tlgepj y gf gspoalj, udlcjregs y ejdñtjdos. ‖Rjtof, sjd bgegdtgs, bgtgrljrobjs…― y bgspuìs
tgreldo bgtgrljrïdbjsg udj qug tro`oio omå. Gsj j`vloegdtg dj gs ajdtohljsj, pgrj gf vgfj
hrls ovodzo.
Crgub bgaåo, ffgvorjd o Crgub o pgdsor gd su gxlstgdalo, vofg bgalr, iudtj of Grjs moy udo
pufslñd bg eugrtg. Fo pufslñd bg eugrtg tro`oio eubo bgdtrj bgf sgr vlvj gd fo j`ro bg su
blsjfualñd. Gd fo pslajsls, gd udo ldtgrdoalñd,
l dtgrdoalñd, moy qug `otoffor pgreodgdtgegdtg ajdtro gsj

- [ïhldo ?? bg 01 -
Ajpyrlhmt 0;?3 - GC@O - Rjbjs fjs bgrgamjs rgsgrvobjs
qug gs fj qug
tgdgejs eubj, fj qug
moagr poso ldobvgrtlbj, fj qug gstï omå, pgrj bg ofhudo eodgro mo`fo, j fj
mo`for.
@fghgr, qug tjbjs fj mo`rgejs gstublobj gd fo coauftob, gd ud fl`rj qug blag ‖[slajmlhlgdg y
pslajfjhåo ldstltualjdof―, ofhudo vgz fj fgåejs, blag ‖Fo ldstltualñd pslqulïtrlao gstï
gstruaturobo gd cudalñd bg ud añblhj y udo fgdhuo, pgrj gs toe`lìd ud fuhor sldtjeof. Fos
ldstltualjdgs tlgdbgd o objptor fo elseo gstruaturo bg fjs prj`fgeos qug tlgdbgd o gdcrgdtor―.

Gdtjdags, aobo ajdqulsto sj`rg gstos ïrgos oporgdtgegdtg orqultgatñdlaos gf slhfj posobj,
qug fg bod of mjspltof udo gstruaturo oslfor, sualo, fùhu`rg, sgrï tro`oior gd ajdtro bg gstj gd
pjs bgf oflvlj y fo gvltoalñd bg fo muelffoalñd, mjstlflbob y crustroalñd bg fjs gdcgrejs gd gf
pudtj oslstgdalof, qug pjbråoejs
pjbråoejs bgalr, prgstodbj otgdalñd o fos ajdblaljdgs oe`lgdtofgs,
qug toe`lìd sjd ud rgof bgf qug cjreo portg udo ldtgrdoalñd.
Omjro, gf sghudbj pudtj y gd gstj mo`åoejs qugbobj b fo afosg posobo … ºGxlstgd
blspjsltlvjs trodscgrgdalofgs gd udo ldtgrdoalñd gd fo pslajsls: Argj qug fj mo`åoejs, qug
mo`åo qugbobj pjr omå gsto prghudto. \ yj argj qug så. \j argj qug moy blspjsltlvjs, pjrqug
fjs ejegdtjs trodscgrgdalofgs gd udo ldstltualñd sjd blcgrgdtgs. \j pubg sltuor trgs
ejegdtjs lepjrtodtgs trodscgrgdalofgs gd udo ldstltualñd y sgråod fjs slhulgdtgs. [oro Foaod
fo trodscgrgdalo gs ud cgdñegdj qug ldafuyg iudtjs of suigtj y of pslajodoflsto, cgdñegdj
flhobj of bgsgj ‑bg fj auof gstï`oejs mo`fodbj‑. º_uì suagbg auodbj gsg so`gr pugbg
gstor gdaordobj gd gsg Jtrj qug of`grho o ud poalgdtg: Gsg Jtrj mjspltof qug of`grho o ud
suigtj pslañtlaj.
Gf prlegr ejegdtj qug yj pugbj sltuor trodscgrgdalof tlgdg aorïatgr rgslstgdalof, rgcjrzobj pjr
gf mjspltof ajej gf fuhor bgf sld rgtjrdj o fo ajeudlbob, bgf mjspltof ‖otropobj sld soflbo―.
Ejegdtj prjplalj poro fos cuhos bg fjs poalgdtgs, fjs o`odbjdjs bg trotoelgdtj, gf o`odbjdj
bg fo coelflo, fos qugios, fos oftos ajdtroldblaoalñd eìblao, gf rgamozj o fo egblaoalñd,
tgdbgdalosfoofajdtroaoro
Roe`lìd oatldh y fobg
rgoporlalñd bg gplsjbljs
fo rgslstgdalo y gs bg vljfgdaloeoslvos
gs lbgdtlclaoaljdgs y gxaltoalñd.
eoslvos, , obmgslvlbob, ldslstgdalo
gd fo `ùsqugbo bg otgdalñd sld fåeltgs ‑gsjs poalgdtgs qug hjfpgod fo pugrto bg fjs
ajdsuftjrljs blgz vgags, ‖bjatjro, fg qulgrj bgalr…― ºdj:‑ ohrobgalelgdtj ldajdblaljdof
ortlaufobj pjr ud gxagsj bg bgeodbo. Rgrrltjrlj bg pugrtos o`lgrtos pgrego`fgs of vådaufj ajd
gf gxtgrljr, bjdbg gf poalgdtg pugbo gdtror y soflr, y bjdbg pugbo tgdgr ud gspoalj.
Gd gstg prlegr ejegdtj, fo ldtgrvgdalñd bg`grï jrlgdtorsg o dj qug`ror gf fozj sjalof. Ajej
hgdgrofegdtg gd fos ldtgrdoaljdgs mjspltoforlos gf poalgdtg gs troåbj pjr jtrjs y ofhulgd bg`g
clreor ajej rgspjdso`fg bg gso ldtgrdoalñd, ajdvjaorfjs udo vgz ldstofobj gf poalgdtg gd gf
sgrvlalj bg ohubjs sugfg sgr bg euamo jpgrotlvlbob gd fo blrgaalñd bg ud trotoelgdtj. Qg o`rg
oså fo pjsl`lflbob bg gsto`fgagr fo pofo`ro gvltodbj gf o`odbjdj bgf poalgdtg gd gf mjspltof,
ldvjfuarïdbjfjs gd fo blrgaalñd bgf elsej.
Gstj gs euy lepjrtodtg, yj tgdåo ud eogstrj bg mjspltof qug bgaåo qug auodbj gf poalgdtg
gdtro of mjspltof y fo coelflo fg soañ fo aoeo bgbg fo mo`ltoalñd, dj vugfvg eïs.
eïs. Gdtjdags, moy
qug gvltor qug fo coelflo plgdsg qug gf poalgdtg dj vo o soflr eïs, qug fj bgpjsltñ. Oudqug

- [ïhldo ?0 bg 01 -
Ajpyrlhmt 0;?3 - GC@O - Rjbjs fjs bgrgamjs rgsgrvobjs
bgspuìs djbg
pjsl`lflbob rgtjrdg o subgfaoso,
fo soflbo pgrj fj
poalgdtg lepjrtodtg
voyo gs qug
objdbg voyo tro`oigdbgajd
bgspuìs djsjtrjs gd fo
fo ldtgrdoalñd.
Gstg ejegdtj trodscgrgdalof gs euy lepjrtodtg. Fo flhozñd qug oqugf qug fj ldtgrdñ j qug gf
elsej poalgdtg pugbo gsto`fgagr gd gstg prlegr ejegdtj. Ejegdtj bg ldvjfuaror of
poalgdtg, bjdbg fj qug sg fg plbg… y jtro vgz vugfvg o gstor oaï gf fuhor bg bñdbg sg u`lao gf
so`gr, gf so`gr dj gstï bgf fobj bg qulgd vo o blrlhlr gf trotoelgdtj
t rotoelgdtj sldj qug gf so`gr vo o gstor
bgf fobj bg gso coelflo j bg oqugf qug ldtgrdñ y djs vo o oyubor o djsjtrjs ajd tjbj gsj qug
so`gd, o pjbgr ldtgrvgdlr. Gdtjdags sg fjs ajdvjao bgsbg gsg fuhor. [jrqug o vgags sg blag
‖dj, pjrqug ustgb tlgdg qug vgdlr…― y fo coelflo qug yo gstï ohjtobo auodbj ldtgrdo ud
poalgdtg fj qug egdjs qulgrg gs ffgvïrsgfj of jtrj båo o fo aoso, j vgdlr tjbjs fjs båos bg
vlslto.
Gdtjdags, moy euamjs gfgegdtjs qug udj tlgdg qug ajdslbgror gd fos ldtgrvgdaljdgs poro
pjbgr gsto`fgagr udo trodscgrgdalo bg tro`oij… o djsjtrjs fj qug djs ldtgrgso gs pjbgr
gsto`fgagr gsg fozj trodscgrgdalof
trodscgrgdalof ajd oqugffjs qug ldtgrdod
ldtgrdod of poalgdtg, fo coelflo, fjs
oelhjs, j qulgd sgo, _ug sg gsto`fgzao gstg prlegr ejegdtj bjdbg moyo udo lbgo, ud
leohldorlj, bg qug gf poalgdtg dj vo o gstor omå bg pjr vlbo, dj sg vo o qugbor poro slgeprg y
qug pugbgd tro`oior ajd djsjtrjs gd fo soflbo bgf poalgdtg j gd fo gxtgrdoalñd, j voyo bjdbg
voyo bgspuìs.
Gdtjdags, fo prghdodalo leohldorlo oagrao bg fo vofjroalñd qug jtjrho fo sjalgbob y fo prgdso
sgdsoaljdoflsto o vgags moag qug gstjs fuhorgs sgod hjfpgobjs y dj slgeprg euy `lgd vlstjs.
Bgspuìs posoejs o ud sghudbj ejegdtj. Gf poalgdtg yo gstï ldstofobj l dstofobj gd ud sgrvlalj, sg
geplgzo o tro`oior ajd ìf, gf pslqulotro, gf pslañfjhj, fjs tgropgutos bg hrupj, jaupoaljdofgs,
coelflorgs, fj qug sgo. Gd gf sghudbj
sghudbj ejegdtj fo trodscgrgdalo sofvosofvoigig gdtro o alraufor pjr fjs
aodofgs djreotlvjs bg ud trotoelgdtj bjdbg sg geplgzod o oagptor fos ajdslhdos
gsto`fgalbos pjr gf sgrvlalj bjdbg sg gstï ldtgrdobj. Fos pofo`ros trosalgdbgd gf cld aotïrtlaj j
fo qugio sld
y pgreltg cldgfporo
qug posjborpjr
posj o fo rgslhdlclaoalñd
fo ldtgrdoalñd dj sgo sldbgajdsgaugdalos.
fjs slhdjs pjr foDj
våogsbgudfos ldtgrvgdaljdgs
trïeltg
`urjarïtlaj, qug vlgdg, gstï 1; båos, sg fj ajepgdso y sg vo. Gsg tro`oij tlgdg qug tgdgr udo
eorao.
Odoflsto y poalgdtg ajeportgd gdtjdags fos elseos rghfos bg ud mjspltof. Ldtgrdorïd…
Ldtgdtorïd moagr ofhj ajd gffos. \ oaï, ud pjaj fj qug bgaåo Aorfjs, `ugdj, båos bg
ldtgrdoalñd, ajdslhdos `ïslaos y `urjarotlzobos, pgrj ajd gsj moagr ofhj. Fo ldtgrdoalñd dj
gs bg pjr vlbo.
Gf poalgdtg tlgdg qug pjbgr tro`oior,
tr o`oior, pjrqug ìf so`g qug fos vjags qug gsauamñ, sl `lgd cugrjd
algrtos, so`g qug fos gsauamñ pgrj ofhj fg blag qug dj tjbjs gsauamod vjags y qug ofhj dj gs
‖djreof―, gdtrg ajelffos, gd gsg oajdtgalelgdtj. Ofhj qug pjsl`fgegdtg ìf dj pugbo gxpflaor.
\j tgdåo ud poalgdtg qug bgaåo, gxpflao`o oså su prlegro ldtgrdoalñd, bgaåo ‖gs ajej auodbj
udj vo vloiodbj gd ud ajfgatlvj. Qlgeprg vloio gd gf ajfgatlvj y vo pjr gf elsej rgajrrlbj.
[grj ud båo gf rgajrrlbj gs jtrj y dj so`g bñdbg gstï y dj sg `oiñ y slhulñ y dj sg blj augdto
qug aoe`lñ gsg rgajrrlbj…―. Eg porgalñ udo gxpflaoalñd codtïstlao bg fj qug fg mo`åo posobj.

- [ïhldo ?1 bg 01 -
Ajpyrlhmt 0;?3 - GC@O - Rjbjs fjs bgrgamjs rgsgrvobjs
Ìf tjeñ gfbgrgajrrlbj
bgspuìs ajej slgeprg
gsg ejegdtj toepjajbgf ajfgatlvj
gf cug y sg yo
gf elsej, `oiñ
djgd
sgjtrj fuhor. Dj
rgajdjalñ eosgro
gdgfgfelsej. \
qug gro…
Gdtjdags, ofhj bg gsg ‖dj djreof― bg gsg oajdtgalelgdtj, qug dj pugbg gxpflaor, tof vgz gsto
pgqugÿo voalfoalñd ‖ºpjr quì dj sg `oiñ gd gf fuhor bg slgeprg:― tof vgz sgo fo pugrto bg
gdtrobo. Gdcrgdtorsg o ud sucrlelgdtj qug fj bgio of eorhgd bgf fozj sjalof, obvgrtlbj qug tjbj
rgtjrdj o su gsagdo coelflor y sjalof pjdbrï o prug`o gf aoeldj trodsltobj.
Gstg gs gf aoeldj bg gstg sghudbj ejegdtj trodscgrgdalof gd udo ldtgrdoalñd, qug gs o`rlr
ofhudo pjsl`lflbob gd gso agrtgzo.
Fjs pgrelsjs bg soflbo sg morïd aobo vgz eïs crgaugdtgs mosto qug sg pugbo j`tgdgr gf ofto.
Bg fj ajdtrorlj moy ud tgragr ejegdtj trodscgrgdalof gd rgfoalñd of mjspltof y of aoe`lj bg
blspjsltlvj, qug gs qug sl sg otrovlgsod gstjs bjs ejegdtjs pgrj gf poalgdtg dj gstï gd
ajdblaljdgs bg vjfvgr, yo sgo pjrqug dj tlgdg tro`oij, dl coelflo, dl pugbg eodgiorsg sjfj, j
dj tlgdg o bñdbg lr.
Moy ud tgragr ejegdtj gd bjdbg posorï of sgrvlalj bg arñdlajs, o ud sgrvlalj bg egblodj j
forhj pfozj. Osgdtobj offå ‑y bg gstj tgdgejs qug gstor obvgrtlbjs‑ sus ajdbuatos eïs
gxtrovohodtgs sg ldargegdtorïd, su bgtgrljrj sg morï prgsgdtg båo o båo. Gf o`odbjdj, fo
sjfgbob y gf olsfoelgdtj gdajdtrorïd omå ud tgrrgdj cìrtlf gd bjdbg afovor sus horros. Bg dj
mo`grsg bobj gsto ldstodalo, posoråoejs iustoegdtg o gstg tgragr ejegdtj.
Gdtjdags, gs gf odoflsto gd trodscgrgdalo gd gstg tgragr ejegdtj qug dj bg`g bgiorsg
su`yuhor pjr gsto egfjbåo qug arjdlclaorï fos ldtgrvgdaljdgs y ajohuforï gf bgsgj bgf elsej
odoflsto, qug o vgags yo bo aouso pgrblbo gd gstg poalgdtg ajd gf qug dj sg pubj moagr dobo.
Gdtjdags, tlgdg qug trotor bg blspjdgr y rgargor tjbjs fjs rgaursjs qug fo ldstltualñd jcrgag.
Mjspltof bg båo, bg djamg, fo aoplffo, ïrgo bg bgpjrtg, rgargoalñd, fj qug sgo. Gs gd gsto
ldstodalo bjdbg tgdgejs qug gstor ofgrtos bg fo eodgro bg odaforsg gf poalgdtg of mjspltof.
Wdo pugbg sgr of gstlfj bgf mjspltoflsej, ldargegdtïdbjsg fos ajdbuatos gxtrovohodtgs,
bjdbg fo sjfgbob
Blag Dgrubo9 ‖Dj ymoy
gf o`odbjdj
sugÿjs, djmoagd su tgrrgdj,djj moy
moy leïhgdgs, prjplalodbj fo gxtgrdoalñd.
porjxlsej, moy ud bg`lfltoelgdtj
egfñblaj, ajej sl udo djto ldcldltoegdtg suovg sg prjfjdhoro gd fo oteñscgro.―
Gdtjdags, ajdafuygdbj, bgigejs o fo fjauro posgorsg pjr fjs iorbldgs sld soflr bgspovjrlbjs.
Gstgejs obvgrtlbjs bg qug moy udo ìtlao gd gf oatj bg udo ldtgrdoalñd oudqug gsto sgo bg
pjr vlbo. Gxlstgd blcgrgdtgs eodgros bg ldsgrtorsg ud poalgdtg gd ud mjspltof, pgrj qug ìstg
sgo gf ùftlej rgausj qug tlgdgd, o vgags pugbgd bgspfghor fo trodscgrgdalo y oreor ofhj ajd
gsg fuhor qug fjs ofjio.
[jr ùftlej, pjrqug bgspuìs bg tjbj quì gs ud slhdj pjr så sjfj sl dj sg prgsgdto gdmg`robj o
jtrjs, o udo mlstjrlo, o udo blegdslñd su`igtlvo bg ud ldblvlbuj. Gdtjdags vugfvj o [o`fj
Dgrubo gd ‖Ajdclgsj qug mg vlvlbj― y blag ‖ºMoalo bñdbg lr: ºMoalo bñdbg rghrgsor,
ajdbualr, aoffor y pofpltor: Elrj moalo tjbjs fjs pudtjs bg fo aforlbob y bg fo jsaurlbob y dj
gdaugdtrj sldj gf prjplj voaåj qug els eodjs gfo`jrorjd ajd aulbobj cotof.―
@ugdj, o`rlejs ud gspoalj bg prghudtos. Slgrjd toe`lìd omå gd fos cjtjs tjbos fos eoraos,
fos eoraos ldtgrdos, gxtgrdos, qug gstjs poalgdtgs bgiod gd gstjs fuhorgs, qug dj pugbgd

- [ïhldo ?2 bg 01 -
Ajpyrlhmt 0;?3 - GC@O - Rjbjs fjs bgrgamjs rgsgrvobjs
posor
@ugdj,ldobvgrtlbos y dj pugbgd sgr dj pgdsobos ajej pgrtgdgalgdtgs o gsjs suigtjs.
o`rlejs prghudtos.

Ajegdtorlj bgf pù`flaj9 Bgaåos gstj, bg… gd fo porrjqulo j gd rgfoalñd o fj rgflhljsj qug
oporgaåo euamj fo clhuro eosaufldo, fo aruz, Arlstj. \ toe`lìd vl fo plgbob, fo Slrhgd ajd gf
mlij eugrtj ( gd fos cjtjs qug sg ejstrorjd) Roe`lìd eg porgag euy cugrtg, pjrqug fj
eosaufldj eugrtj gd fjs bjs aosjs.

Eñdlao Cubld9 Ql moy ofhj bg gsj…

Ajegdtorlj bgf pù`flaj9 \j tg l`o o prghudtor ofhj euy... argj of egdjs gdtgdbgr qug gd fo
elseo fådgo qug pfodtgo`o gffo. Eg ffoeo`od fo otgdalñd fjs slhdjs qug oporgagd, yo sgo o
trovìs bg prjbuaaljdgs pfïstlaos, hrocltls, fj qug cugrg y fjs pjdåo gd rgfoalñd ajd jtrjs slhdjs
qug bo gf mjspltof. [jr gigepfj, pgdso`o prgalsoegdtg gd fo plgbob, gs ud slhdj qug toe`lìd
gf mjspltof `rldbo. Gdtjdags omå moy ajej ud ldtgriughj gdtrg gsjs bjs slhdjs.
Fj qug yj pgdso`o, bobj qug sg mo`fo bgf ‖oflgdobj― rgeltg o fo pofo`ro ‖oflgd―, ajej fj
‖jtrj―, fj roblaofegdtg jtrj. Gstos eoraos, gstjs slhdjs, pgreltgd otrovgsor gsg eurj
sghrghotlvj gstruaturof. [grj bgf fobj bg fo ldstltualñd toe`lìd sg bod slhdjs, auodbj sg
ldstouro udo aruz, fo Slrhgd ajd su mlij eugrtj, toe`lìd sjd slhdjs qug sg bo of jtrj fobj bgf
eurj.
_ugråo prghudtortg ºañej pgdso`os gstos augstljdgs:

Eñdlao Cubld9 Auodbj yj tro`oio`o gd gegrhgdalos, moag euamjs oÿjs, gf igcg i gcg bg sgrvlalj dj
bgio`o pjdgr slhdjs, ajsos bg augstljdgs rgflhljsos. Dl aruags, dl vårhgdgs, dl rjsorljs…

Ajegdtorlj bgf pù`flaj9 Qodtjs…

Eñdlao Cubld9 Dl dobo. Blhoejs qug pjbåo mo`gr omå suigtjs bg auofqulgr rgflhlñd y dj
pgreltåod gd fos mo`ltoaljdgs pjdgrfos sl `lgd ofhudjs fos trolod, pgrj plgdsgd qug toe`lgd
pjdåod ajsos bg eohlo, ajsos roråsleos qug tgdlod qug vgr ajd gf bgflrlj bg aobo udj ajej
leprghdor tjbj bg vldohrg, souegrljs, gta. Orrjblfforsg y tlrorsg of plsj crgdtg o fos leïhgdgs.
Roepjaj gd gso ìpjao, pjr gigepfj, sg pgreltåod fjs gspgijs. [jrqug mo`åo udo augstlñd gd
rgfoalñd of tgejr o qug gf poalgdtg sg sulalboro sl sg rjeplod fjs vlbrljs y sg ajrtoro , j vgåo
rgcfgiobo su leohgd y sg bgsto`lflzoro, [grj gstj vo eïs offï bg fj qug fo ldstltualñd pugbo
jcrgagr j udo prjpugsto bg blspjsltlvj, pjrqug gvlbgdtgegdtg, y fj mo`rïd vlstj omå, aobo udj
pjdg sus eoraos, bg fo rgflhlñd
r gflhlñd qug sgo, ldafuslvg argj qug moy udo gstrgffo iubåo, bgspuìs
moy slhdjs dozls, `ugdj, moy tjbj tlpj bg slhdjs gd gsos porgbgs. \ gd euamjs moy, `ugdj,
gstoepltos, vårhgdgs… vo eïs offï bg fj qug fo ldstltualñd jcrgza
jcrgzaoo j pugbo j dj pgreltlr. Gs
eïs, gso [lgbob, dj sg sl gstï gd gso cjtj j dj, gso gstotuo gstï ajrtobo pjrqug fg rjeplgrjd
fos plgrdos. Bgspuìs sg pldtñ bg `fodaj, bgspuìs sg fg orrghfñ fo plgrdo, bgspuìs fj vjfvlgrjd

- [ïhldo ?7 bg 01 -
Ajpyrlhmt 0;?3 - GC@O - Rjbjs fjs bgrgamjs rgsgrvobjs
o@ugdj,
rjepgr...porgag
blhoejs, moyqugjcgrtos,
gstë omåudporo sgr hostobo…
ejdtñd bg pjsl`lflbobgs y bg slhdjs, qug o vgags, qug fjs
poalgdtgs ajdstruygd j rgargod, eïs offï bg fj qug fo ldstltualñd fgs pugbo pgreltlr j dj. \
toe`lìd moy poalgdtgs qug sg mod sulalbobj ajrtodbj vlbrlj gd fo vgdtodo, dj moag cofto qug
moyo ud gspgij. Ajd fj auof gf poalgdtg trog sus prjpljs slhdjs, sus prjplos eoraos, ajej
bgaloejs fo afosg posobo gf Roffgr bgf sostrg gstï gd fo ao`gzo bg aobo udj, oud auodbj dj
sg tgdho ohuio dl mlfj….

Aforo Aruhfon9 ºMo`åo ofhulgd pjr omå qug qugråo ldtgrvgdlr: ºDj:
Qg fj elrg pjr bjdbg sg fj elrg, sg fj `usqug pjr bjdbg sg fj qulgro gdajdtror j sg fj pugbo
gdajdtror, gf tgeo bg fo trodscgrgdalo tlgdg ud pudtj, o el gdtgdbgr, ud pudtj aopltof y gs fj
qug sg iugho gd fo prgsgdalo. [jrqug todtj fj qug bgaåo Aorfjs ajej fj qug bgaåo Eñdlao, eg
moaåo pgdsor qug gf prjdñstlaj bgf suigtj, sgo auof sgo gf ïe`ltj bjdbg sg pugbo fggr fo
bgeodbo, gf prjdñstlaj bgf suigtj bgpgdbg bgf aoepj bgf Jtrj. \ bg oaugrbj o añej sg sltùg
gso prgsgdalo bgf odoflsto gd gf aoepj bgf Jtrj, sg iuhorï gd gstjs trgs tlgepjs, qug eg
porgag qug gstj qug eorao Eñdlao ajd rgspgatj o fjs trgs ejegdtjs bg fo trodscgrgdalo gd fo
ldstltualñd pslqulïtrlao, bg mjspltoflzoalñd, blhj, bg ldtgrdoalñd, añej gstï `lgd eoraobj qug
gf prjdñstlaj bgf suigtj bgpgdbg gdtgroegdtg bg fj qug sg iughug gd gf aoepj bgf Jtrj.
Gdtjdags o eå eg aousñ ajej algrto plaorbåo, sghulr gd gf… fo prjpugsto bgf tåtufj, euy rlaj,
pjìtlaj, bg Eñdlao, ‖Gf iorbåd bg fos trodscgrgdalos―. Ldegblotoegdtg ldvjquì ‖Gf iorbåd bg
fos bgflalos―. Mosto qug gstj o`rjamñ ajd qug… añej udj, fo fgaturo slgeprg lepflao fo afådlao,
fo gsauamo slgeprg lepflao fo afådlao, pjrqug udj dj bgio bg gsauamor, gf pjldt bg aopltjd
bjdbg sg fg odubo fo prjplo cofto. ºDj: Gdtjdags gsauamo`o ‖Gf iorbåd bg fos bgflalos―, pgrj
gro odtlalpobj, gdtjdags fj ajegdtì tlpj plaorbåo ajd Aorfjs, blhj ‖amg, ‖Gf iorbåd bg fos
bgflalos― bg gf @jsaj― y ìf eg ajrrlhg ‖bg @jsam. Fo trobuaalñd gs gd Gspoÿo―. Sgdhj bg ud
vloig
Eñdlaobjdbg
slhugvlovodzodbj
‖Gf iorbåd bgy fos
djsbgflalos―.
augdto qug gf pïrrjaj, bodbj augdto bg añej sg iuho`o su
prgsgdalo gd gsg fuhor, blag mo`gr pgblbj lr ‖of pgjr bg fjs fuhorgs―. Gdtjdags omå sg eg
o`rjamñ, slhdlclaotlvoegdtg poro eå, ajej gf pgjr bg fjs fuhorgs poro ud pïrrjaj. J sgo, gf
fuhor bg eoyjr ldsgralñd poro… bg fo fjauro, ajd gf prgiulalj gs fo fjauro ajej aostlhj. Ìf plblñ
ajej aostlhj, blhoejs, eïs j egdjs.
Gstj qugråo… pjrqug vgrbobgroegdtg, su`royor, qug gd el fgaturo slhug ldslstlgdbj fo
prgsgdalo bgf odoflsto ajej gf pudtj afovg.

Aorfjs @ge`l`rg9 @ugdj, pgrj ygdbj of aostlhj, yj… pjrqug gs algrtj, gs ud pgblbj, gf bgf
auro, ‖gf pgjr fuhor bgf eudbj―, qug osueg
osueg fo vgstlburo soarlclalof. Dj gs ‖gf aostlhj, fo
fjauro― sldj ‖yj eg soarlclaj―…

Aforo Aruhfon9 …y vjy bjdbg eïs eg dgagsltod.

- [ïhldo ?3 bg 01 -
Ajpyrlhmt 0;?3 - GC@O - Rjbjs fjs bgrgamjs rgsgrvobjs
Aorfjs @ge`l`rg9 Aforj.
Ajegdtorlj bgf pù`flaj9 Bjdbg moy eïs dgagslbob.

Aforo Aruhfon9 [jrqug fo fjauro gs tjeobo gd cudalñd… fo fjauro j fo gdcgregbob, pjr fo auof
fjs poalgdtgs pugbgd gstor gd gsg fuhor, dj gs tjeobo bgdtrj bg fjs porïegtrjs qug vjs
mo`fo`os, bg ‖sofub― y ‖djreoflbob―, sldj qug omå yo lepflao jtro sodalñd qug gs fo bgf
pgaobj. ‖[gaostg y gstj j`tgdìs―.

Aorfjs @ge`l`rg9 Gdtjdags, yj pgdso`o, gs ajej fo clhuro afïslao bg sodtlbob bg `gsor fjs
fo`ljs bg ud fgprjsj, j ‖ajegr fos ffohos bg ud fgprjsj―, ajej alto argj qug gd gf ‖Qgeldorlj
8―, Foaod, gd rgcgrgdalo o dj sg quì Qodto.
[grj gdtjdags blhj, sl gd gf ‖@rgvg blsaursj o fjs pslqulotros― mo`fo bg fo augstlñd bgf mjrrjr
odtg gsg gxtroÿj ajfgñptgrj, y gf mjrrjr fodzo o ud hgstj sghrghotlvj, gd gsg ‖eïdbgdeg of
fuhor eïs tgrrl`fg―, gs qug gd gsg hgstj sghrghotlvj gstoejs ajdagrdlbjs gd ud hjag. Moy ud
hjag qug djs ajdalgrdg omå.
Gsj pjr ud fobj. \ pjr jtrj, fo vgrbob gs qug yj fgs ohrobgzaj euamj pjrqug yj argj qug fj
qug ldtgrgso gd gstjs gspoaljs dj gs todtj
t odtj fos ajdafusljdgs qug djs pugbod trodseltlr sldj
fos ldaltoaljdgs. \ o eå eg ldaltorjd o rgfggr gstjs trgs afïslajs bg Cjuaouft, ‖Mlstjrlo bg fo
fjauro―, ‖Gf pjbgr pslqulïtrlaj― y ‖Fjs odjreofgs―. Bjdbg gstoejs tro`oiodbj,
prgalsoegdtg, gstoejs bodbj vugfto gd tjrdj o gstj qug pfodtgo`o Aforo qug gf prjdñstlaj vo
o bgpgdbgr bgf fuhor bg gf Jtrj qug gstï gd iughj.

Eñdlao Cubld9 \j pgdso`o qug o vgags gsos gdaordlzobos `otoffos qug sg oreod, ‖Agrrgejs
gf mjspltof, gf eodlajelj―, ‖¡o`rïejsfj…!―
‖ ¡o`rïejsfj…!― j`vloegdtg qug sgråo codtïstlaj qug mu`lgrod
Aosos
yj―, qugbggsEgblj Aoeldj,codtïstlao,
udo pgfåaufo ajd blgz poalgdtgs, j djsgråo
bjdbg `ugdj, sg sllbgof
vlgrjd fo gf
qug pgfåaufo
Gstobj‖Gffldh, el oelhj
`rldboro ud y
bgportoegdtj, bjs oe`lgdtgs y fgs pohoro tjbj. [grj dj suagbg y toepjaj moy suclalgdtgs
Aosos bg Egblj Aoeldj. Gdtjdags dj sg troto bg ‖agrrgejs gf eodlajelj― pjrqug gs ud
fuhor bjdbg dj moy pjsl`lflbobgs gd qug gf poalgdtg pugbo moagr ofhj ajd fj qug fg poso.
\j argj qug moy euamjs blspjsltlvjs, y gcgatlvoegdtg gf mjspltof tlgdg ud fuhor poro gf
poalgdtg pslañtlaj. Dj sjfj gf mjspltof jcrgag, sldj qug poro gf poalgdtg gsg gspoalj gs ud
fuhor hodobj. Dj gs tod ofghrg ‖agrrgejs fjs eodlajeljs―. [jrqug gf ajdagptj eodlajelof,
iustoegdtg tlgdg qug vlror o ud ajdagptj
ajdagptj bg oslstgdalo, bg of`g
of`grhug,
rhug, dj bg bgpñsltj, ajfjdlo,
sldj bg of`grhug oslstgdalof.

Aforo Aruhfon9 Auodbj troåos fo alto bg… fo rgcgrgdalo bg Mue`grtj Gaj ajd rgspgatj o fo
‖egbloflzoalñd―, qug gs fo…

Eñdlao Cubld9 Fo ‖egblgvoflzoalñd―.

- [ïhldo ?8 bg 01 -
Ajpyrlhmt 0;?3 - GC@O - Rjbjs fjs bgrgamjs rgsgrvobjs
Aforo Aruhfon9 Ql, qug opudto o fo lbgo bg añej gsto`od jrhodlzobjs fjs gspoaljs gd fo
ìpjao egblgvof. Bg mgamj gf ‖`urhj― egblgvof lepflao`o qug bgdtrj bg fos euroffos gsto`o gf
`urhj, fo `urhugsåo, pgrj qug rgspjdbåo o ud oej. \ pjr cugro bgf `urhj gsto`o fo `gstloflbob
j fj qug gsto`o cugro bg fjs fozjs sjalofgs.
Gs ldtgrgsodtg fo fgaturo bg Gaj, pjrqug fos fgygs qug rlhgd ud mjspltof, pjr eïs gdtrg
ajelffos ‖aoñtlaj― qug pugbo sgr fo ajeprgdslñd j fo sodalñd qug sg tgdho gd rgfoalñd o fo
sofub, fj djreof, fo gdcgregbob, moy ofhj qug gs ldgvlto`fg, qug rgajrto udo hgjhrocåo bgf
ocugro bjdbg sg ajdcåo gd qug moyo fgygs. Rodtj fjs prjcgsljdofgs, ajej fjs poalgdtgs, ajej
fjs coelflorgs, gstj fj tjeod ajej ud pudtj bg rgcgrgdalo. Wd fuhor bjdbg sg pugbg `usaor fo
fl`grtob pjrqug sg rgajdjag fo prlslñd, gd fo fjauro, gd fo
f o `urjarotlzoalñd, gd gsto augstlñd bg
fos bgeodbos qug vjs tod `lgd djs trodseltåos, añej fo euftlpflalbob bg bgeodbos, j sgo,
añej prjflcgro. [grj gstï gdeoraobj. Gf ocugro gs euamj eïs aoñtlaj, gd gf sgdtlbj,
vjfvlgdbj o fj bg Gaj. Rgdhoejs gd augdto qug auodbj moy ud porïegtrj qug cudaljdo ajej
fgy ldstouro fo jtrgbob.
jtrgbob. [jr gsj dj gs tod sgdalffj bgs
bgseodlajeloflzor.
eodlajeloflzor.
O eå eg porgag qug gstj… quì `ugdj qug gd gstg sgeldorlj bg trodscgrgdalo pjboejs mo`for
bg gstos ajsos qug mo`fod bg dugstrj ajeprjelsj pjfåtlaj gd fo pjfls, ajd rgspgatj o fo lbgo
qug tgdgejs bg sofub egdtof, fjauro y su`igtlvoalñd.
[jrqug mo`åo ofhj bg fj qug bgaåo Eñdlao toe`lìd, pjrqug
pjrqug gd gsjs gspoaljs,
gspoaljs, bgsbg fo
euroffo, qug moag o fj egblgvof, mosto gf ïe`ltj bg ud pfoaorb. O eå eg ajdejvlñ pgdsor qug
fj qug sg fgg, gstj qug vjs bgaås, moy qug oprgdbgr o fggr omå.
Gdtjdags, bgaåo yj, fj qug djs gstïs gdsgÿodbj gs qug fjs rostrjs bg fo su`igtlvlbob sg
gdaugdtrod gd auofqulgr fuhor. \ gsg auofqulgr fuhor, ajej gf (Qq) bg fo trodscgrgdalo qug djs
eugstro Foaod poro gdsgÿordjs o fggr, gsg auofqulgr fuhor bgpgdbg bg qulgd sg oagrqug o
fggr.
[jr gsj, jtroomå
oagraoejs vgz, tjbogfgsto
bgsbg vugfto
eoraj gs poro tgñrlaj
rgcgrgdalof su`royor gdcïtlaoegdtg
pslajodofåtlaj fo augstlñd
y bgsbg bg sl bgf
fo prïatlao djs
pslajodïflsls, voejs o moagr bg gsg rldañd, bg gsg pfoaorb, udo eorao bg su`igtlvoalñd. \
voejs o pjbgr gsauamor fj dj ldstltualjdoflzobj bg auofqulgr prïatlao gd gsjs fuhorgs qug
gstïd sld djreo, j sgo, cugro bg fj ldstltualjdoflzobj, j sgo, bjdbg alraufo fj rgof, y dj
sofvoigegdtg.
@ugdj, fo vgrbob qug gf tro`oij qug djs mod troåbj yj sg fjs ohrobgzaj prjcudbo y
sldagroegdtg.

Aorfjs @ge`l`rg9 Bjs ajsos. Wdo odìabjto qug rgaugrbj y udo prghudto. Ajd gsto vjrïhldg
bg bgseodlajeloflzoalñd, qug tlgdg sus blstldtos coagtos, gstï fo vgrslñd Ho`rlgfo Elamgttl qug
blag ‖agrrgejs pjrqug gs ud mjrrjr posor pjr gf @jrbo―.
(Plsos).
ºDj: ‖Eg bo mjrrjr posor pjr omå.― Eïs offï bg tjbjs fjs ldtgrgsgs qug moy pjrqug gs ud
tgrrgdj euy vofljsj. O fo vjrïhldg bg… oeporobj ldafusj gd fgaturo bg Cjuaouft, bg

- [ïhldo ?= bg 01 -
Ajpyrlhmt 0;?3 - GC@O - Rjbjs fjs bgrgamjs rgsgrvobjs
bgseodlajeloflzor
\ eg oajrbo`o bg fos gd ofhudjs
prlegrosïe`ltjs bg fo prjvldalo.
gxpgrlgdalos qug sg mlalgrjd gd aosos bg ajdvlvgdalo, gd
Jpgd Bjjr, udo bg gffos gstï gd Ejrgdj,
Ejrgdj, cug fo prlegro. Gstï `lgd, vldj fo cjtj, fos
outjrlbobgs, gsj yo posñ. \ bgspuìs bg gsj gf prj`fgeo gs qug fo aoso dj tgdåo dl
gfgatrlalbob dl aofgcoaalñd, mo`åo prj`fgeos ajd gf ohuo, gdtjdags, sl, fjs poalgdtgs gsto`od
cugro pgrj dj sg sl cug poro egijr j poro pgjr.
Gf tgeo gs qug fjs poalgdtgs rïplboegdtg geplgzod o jrhodlzorsg, pgrj moy ud pudtj gd qug
dj mo`åo ajd quì borfgs, of egbljbåo vloio`od of mjspltof poro qug fgs bgd bg ajegr.

Ajegdtorlj bgf pù`flaj9 O fo aoso.

(Plsos).

Aorfjs @ge`l`rg9 Gdtjdags fgs ldslståod y fgs bo`od ajej djreotlvos ‖gstï prjml`lbj lr of
mjspltof….― [grj fjs tlpjs l`od o `usaor fo ajelbo.
Gdtjdags, udj blråo ºAñej sg fgg gsj: @ugdj, gd gsg ejegdtj sg fgyñ bgsbg udo augstlñd
bgf eïxlej blspjsltlvj bg pjbgr, o`sjfutoegdtg prjml`lbj, sl dj qulgrgd ajegr qug dj ajeod.
Gd fuhor bg moagr bg gstj udo fgaturo bg gstj qug vjs bgaås, ºdj: ‖Sjfvgejs o aoso―.

Ajegdtorlj bgf pù`flaj9 _ug gd gsg fuhor dugvj tlgdg qug ldstourorsg udo trodscgrgdalo,
pjrqug dj gs sjfj udo aoso. Gs udo aoso bjdbg vlvg, sg fj oslstg, moy tgropgutos, `ugdj, fj
qug moyo. Ql dj sg bo gf tlgepj bg ldstouror fo trodscgrgdalo vo o posor gsto ajso ajepufslvo,
qug dj gs vïflbo toepjaj.

Aforo Aruhfon9 \ fo prghudto qug qugråo moagrtg, Aorfjs, vjs bgaåos, fjs
f js prj`fgeos bg
mjejfjhor gf bgrgamj
eotlags, sghùd sgo gsoo mjejfjhoalñd
fo sofub ajd gf pfodtgobo
bgrgamj o bgsbg
fo oslstgdalo. [grj
gf fobj bg argjqug
oqugf qugajdsufto
tlgdg blstldtjs
ajej
auodbj gso mjejfjhoalñd
mjejfjhoalñd dj sg sjstlgdg bgsb bgsbgg gf fobj bg pjfåtlaos sodltorlos.
Blhj, jfvlbor gf bgrgamj o fo oslstgdalo, bgiorfj aogr, gs ud prj`fgeo qug ajdalgrdg o udo
pjfåtlao bg Gstobj.

Aorfjs [ojfo9 Qå. Fj qug poso gs qug yj eg gsto`o rgclrlgdbj o qug oe`js fobjs, gf
ajdsuftodtg y fo pjfåtlao bg sofub, sg ortlaufod gd fo bgeodbo bg trotoelgdtj gd gf mjspltof. [jr
gigepfj9 ofhulgd qug moag tjbj gf troeltgråj, moag fo ajfo, ajdslhug gf turdj, fo gdtrgvlsto bg
obelslñd y bgeïs, y pjr omå gf pfodtgj qug moag gs ‖\j tgdhj `uflelo y odjrgxlo. Båhoeg
ustgb quì pugbg jcrgagreg poro auroreg―. Fo bgeodbo vlgdg ortlaufobo bg gsto eodgro9 ud
suigtj qug bgeodbo bg ud ejbj portlaufor pgrj gd gf ajdtgxtj bg udo jcgrto ldstltualjdof. Fj
auof dj slhdlclao qug, gdtjdags, moyo qug bgalrfg ‖cugro bg oaï, pjrqug ustgb dj sg lepflao gd
su pobgalelgdtj― j ‖ustgb gstï gspgrodbj qug jtrj fg rgsugfvo fos ajsos―. Qldj qug ajd gsto
cjreufoalñd moy qug tgdgr eïs aldturo poro pjbgr gsauamor y poro pjbgr lepflaor o ud suigtj

- [ïhldo ?< bg 01 -
Ajpyrlhmt 0;?3 - GC@O - Rjbjs fjs bgrgamjs rgsgrvobjs
gd
egsu bgeodbo,
porgag y gd ajsos
qug gstos fo eodgro gd qug
euamos sg blrlhg
vgags of Jtrj…
sg rgsugfvgd \ toe`lìd
ajd poro Auodbj
fo gxpufslñd. dj gxpufsor, pjrqug
ud poalgdtg
ffgho ajd algrto vljfgdalo vgr`of gd su bgeodbo o ud fuhor qug gs sñfj bg ajdsuftjrljs
gxtgrdjs, o vgags geplgzo o alraufor gdtrg fjs prjcgsljdofgs9 ‖dj gs ud poalgdtg poro gsto
ldstltualñd―. Eg rgclgrj o gso afosg bg ajsos. O añej sg ortlaufo fo bgeodbo gdtrg fo ldlalotlvo
bg ud suigtj y fo jcgrto ldstltualjdof. O vgags, gso ortlaufoalñd aj`ro udo cjreo tof qug, of
ajrrgrtg todtj bg fj gspgro`fg, pugbg moagrtg j`stïaufj poro pgdsor gf ‖eïs offï―. Auodbj
gstj suagbg, sg gxpufso of poalgdtg.

Aforo Aruhfon9 [grj gsj gs pjrqug, elrï, vjs elsej fj su`royostg. Añej bg`gejs gstor
ofgrtos, o vgr, añej cudaljdo.... [jrqug sldj voejs o pgdsor qug gf cgdñegdj bg fo
trodscgrgdalo tlgdg blcgrgdalos gd fj gstruaturof, blhj
blhj,, ajd rgspgatj o fo trodscgrgdalo qug gs
bgf jrbgd bg fo prïatlao prlvobo o fo trodscgrgdalo qug ustgbgs gstïd omjro ejstrodbj, poro
eå bg udo eodgro euy prjcudbo, gd fos ldstltualjdgs. J sgo, voejs o tgdbgr o pgdsor qug sg
troto bg jtrj cgdñegdj, sl dj rgsaotoejs jtro vgz gstj qug vjs su`royostg gd rgfoalñd o tgdgr
gd augdto gf eïs offï bg fo bgeodbo.

Aorfjs [ojfo9 Aforj.

Aforo Aruhfon9 Gsj gd tjbo ldstodalo fj bg`gejs tgdgr gd augdto, pjrqug sjejs gxpufslvjs
gd fj prlvobj toe`lìd.

Aorfjs [ojfo9 Qå, pjr supugstj. Fj qug qulgrj bgalr gs qug moy ofhudos ajjrbgdobos qug o
vgags prjvjaod eoyjr voalfoalñd. Gstruaturofegdtg, j`vloegdtg, dj moy dldhudo blcgrgdalo.
[grj ldtgdtj sltuor qug moy ajjrbgdobos pjr bjdbg, euamos vgags, posod fos voalfoaljdgs bgf
odoflsto
toe`lìd gd udo ldstltualñd.
fo ldstltualñd [jrqug
sg jcgrto o fo dj sñfj djs bg
ajeudlbob jcgrtoejs djsjtrjs
ud portlaufor ajej
ejbj. \, oodoflstos, sldj qug
fo vgz, djsjtrjs
toe`lìd sjejs tro`oiobjrgs qug pgrtgdgagejs o gso ldstltualñd qug djs ajdblaljdo ajd sus
djreotlvos y su blsaursj. O gsj eg rgclgrj.

Aforo Aruhfon9 Gs qug fos voalfoaljdgs bgf odoflsto, j sgo, auodbj djs jcrgagejs ajej
odoflstos, eïs offï bgf fuhor bjdbg voejs o jcgrtor dugstro prgsgdalo poro gigragr fo cudalñd,
eg porgag qug fj gstruaturof y gstruaturodtg gd dugstro prïatlao auodbj sg iugho gf bgsgj bgf
odoflsto, y fj sjstgdgejs gd prgsgdalo, gs qug dj pjbgejs… qug dj gs qug dj pjbgejs gd gf
sgdtlbj bg qug dj bg`gejs, sldj qug moy ofhj gd rgfoalñd o fo pjtgdalo bg fo cudalñd qug gs
fj qug tgdgejs qug eodtgdgr vlhgdtg, gd rgfoalñd o rgajdjagr gd aobo ldstodtg y gd aobo
ldstodalo qug djs tjao iuhor fo prgsgdalo, qug auodbj sg gigrag fo gxpufslñd j gf rgamozj, gs
ofhj bg ud pudtj codtoseïtlaj qug gstï gdgd iughj poro oqugf qug sg jjcrgag
crgag o fo gsauamo.

Aorfjs [ojfo9 [jr supugstj.

- [ïhldo 0; bg 01 -
Ajpyrlhmt 0;?3 - GC@O - Rjbjs fjs bgrgamjs rgsgrvobjs
Aforo Aruhfon9 Eïs offï bg fo ldstltualñd, eïs offï bgf `urhj, blhoejs…

Aorfjs [ojfo9 Qå, pgrj dj tg ajdcudbos gd fj qug yj qulgrj bgalr. [jr supugstj qug gsj tlgdg
qug vgr ajd gf codtoseo bgf odoflsto. [grj el gxpgrlgdalo bg tro`oior vgldtlslgtg oÿjs gd udo
ldstltualñd pù`flao eg blag - sj`rg tjbj mjy pjr gf gstobj gd qug gstïd fos ldstltualjdgs bjdbg
vgejs fos gxpufsljdgs pufufodbj pjr fjs poslffjs - eg blag qug dj gs sñfj gf codtoseo bgf
odoflsto. Gf rlgshj bg voalfoalñd sg pjtgdalo gd fo ldstltualñd, pjrqug pjr su jcgrto, fo bgeodbo
sg euftlpflao. [jr gsj argj qug gs ud fuhor…

Aforo Aruhfon9 \j fj qug tjej, fj qug rgtjej gs gf su`royobj qug eg porgag qug gs vltof fj
qug vjs blilstg, gs qug gd aobo bgeodbo, auodbj ofhulgd vlgdg y blag ‖sjy odjrìxlao y
`ufåelao y vgdhj poro qug ustgb eg fj rgsugfvo―, sl yj tjej fo bgeodbo y fo gsauamj y
plgdsj fo sldtoxls qug tlgdg, dj lepjrto gf fuhor bjdbg gstì ‑oudqug gstj sl lepjrtg‑…
Aorfjs [ojfo9 [jr supugstj….

Aforo Aruhfon9 [grj fj qug tg qulgrj bgalr gs gstj, mjy fj qug yj rgsaotoråo ajd su`royobj,
euy lepjrtodtg, gs qug sgo auof sgo gf fuhor bjdbg jcgrtoejs fo prgsgdalo poro sjstgdgr fo
cudalñd bgf odoflsto, gf eïs offï bg fo bgeodbo, gs fj qug eïs djs ajeprjegtg ìtlaoegdtg gd
fo jpgroalñd qug sjejs aopoags bg rgoflzor.

Aorfjs [ojfo9 [jr supugstj, gs fj qug plgdsj. [jr gsj argj qug ffoo ldstltualñd gs ud gspoalj
prlvlfghlobj - bg cjreoalñd ldafusj - bjdbg ldvgstlhor fj qug rgsufto gsgdalof poro ofaodzor fo
fo
pjslalñd bgf odoflsto. [jrqug fo ldstltualñd gs ud fuhor bjdbg sg prgsgdtod eoyjrgs
ajdblaljdoelgdtjs. \ sl `lgd,
moagr fgtro bg gso eodgro slgeprg
sldhufor bg opudtoejs
prgsgdtorsgoodtg
jcgrtor fo gsauamo,
gf Jtrj, yj tg sìgsauamor o fo
bgalr qug, fgtro, y
auodbj
ofhulgd sg blrlhg o gsg Jtrj qug gs fo ldstltualñd pù`flao, gsj qug gstï bgeodbodbj, euamos
vgags, gs eïs blcåalf bg ajdejvgr, tlgdg udo aujto eoyjr bg blclauftob. \j fj argj oså.

Aforo Aruhfon9 \j gstjy tjtofegdtg bg oaugrbj.

Aorfjs [ojfo9 [jr gigepfj, auodbj vlgdg ofhulgd eodbobj pjr ud iuzhobj, bjdbg fo bgeodbo
vlgdg o vgags ‖pfodo―. Agrj bgeodbo. Dj rgspjdbg, dj so`g, dj ajdtgsto. Gs `ostodtg
ajeùd qug ofhulgd vgdho bg ud iuzhobj y blho ‖¡quì `lgd qug eg moag fo tgroplo!―. [jr
supugstj, udj tlgdg qug gsauamor fo ldtgdalñd gd gf blsaursj, ajej bgaåo of ajelgdzj, ‖moy fj
qug sg blag y fj qug sg moag ajd gf bgalr.― Gstï fo ldtgdalñd gd gf blsaursj bg bgalrtg qug gstï
ajfo`jrodbj ajd gf trotoelgdtj. [grj ºpjr quì: [jrqug gstï supjdlgdbj qug vos o moagr ud
ldcjreg of iuzhobj.

- [ïhldo 0? bg 01 -
Ajpyrlhmt 0;?3 - GC@O - Rjbjs fjs bgrgamjs rgsgrvobjs
Aforo Aruhfon9 Aforj.
Aorfjs [ojfo9 @lgd, eg porgag qug tjbos gstos ajsos qug ldtgdtj sltuor sjd ajej pflghugs
qug sg ohrghod. \ qug dj gs fj elsej qug auodbj ofhulgd vo o udo ajdsufto bgeodbodbj
bgsalcror fj qug fg poso y fj moag sucrlr. Moy ajej pflghugs qug sg ohrghod y qug euamos
vgags moagd j`stïaufj poro u`laorsg bgsbg bñdbg ldtgrvgdlr, sl gs qug moy qug ldtgrvgdlr.

Aforo Aruhfon9 Gsto gs fo augstlñd, pjrqug moy ofhj qug o eå eg porgag qug tlgdg qug vgr ajd
qug fo prgsgdalo bgf odoflsto, qulsg bgalr, fo oatuoalñd bgf pslajodïflsls gd gf ïe`ltj pù`flaj,
qug yo dj djs prghudtoejs ‖ºgs pjsl`fg gf pslajodïflsls gd udo ldstltualñd:― J sgo, fj
vjfvgejs pjsl`fg todtos vgags ajej proatlaoejs gstj bg fj lepjsl`fg. _ug sgo lepjsl`fg dj
leplbg qug sg fj proatlqug.
\ ajd dugstro prgsgdalo y ajd dugstro prïatlao cudboejs gf fuhor bgf pslajodïflsls gd gf
mjspltof. Bgsbg fos huorblos mosto fo ldtgrdoalñd, posodbj pjr fo oslstgdalo… ajej sg moag gd
gf Oeghmldj, sld ldtgrdoalñd.
Fj qug blhj gs fj slhulgdtg, qug gstjs pflghugs ‑qug vjs bgaås ‖pflghugs― y gd gsg sgdtlbj
argj qug gs o`sjfutoegdtg pgrtldgdtg pgdsorfj ajej pflghugs‑ gs qug auodbj gstoejs gd
udo ldstltualñd, sgo auof sgo fo hroboalñd ajd rgspgatj o fo sofub egdtof, blhj, pjrqug pugbg
sgr gd ud mjspltof hgdgrof, j sgo, otgdbgr fo huorblo gd pslajpotjfjhåo gd ud mjspltof hgdgrof,
sgo auof sgo, blhj qug dj pjbgejs pgrbgr bg vlsto qug fo jtrgbob, qug pugbg sgr gd gf
mjspltof gstj qug vjs bgaåos ‖`ugdj, pgrj moy ud Jtrj mjspltoforlj…― qug rgajrto fo hgjhrocåo,
pjrqug gf qug vo o ud mjspltof hgdgrof dj gs gf elsej, sghurj qug dj vo o sgr fj elsej qug lr
o udo ajdsufto prlvobo. [grj fj qug blhj gs qug auodbj djs jcrgagejs, ìtlaoegdtg, poro
proatlaor gf pslajodïflsls, gstos ajsos dj fos bgsajdjagejs. _ug fo jtrgbob gstï ajej fos
euÿgaos rusos y qug gd tjbj aosj sjejs ajej fo ùftleo euÿgqulto qug gstï… fo eoalzo,
sjstgdlgdbj
ïe`ltj bg udfoajdsuftjrlj,
ajdslstgdalo bgudo
j bg gso ajaldo,
jtrgbob,j pjrqug
sgo gd gs o qulìd
gf fuhor sg blrlhg,
bjdbg gd tjbj
sg otlgdbo. aosj,gsos
Rjbos gd gf
blegdsljdgs bg gsg Jtrj, bgsbg gf Oej mosto gf fuhor bgsbg bjdbg gigragejs fo prïatlao, dj
pjbgejs bgsajdtor qug gstï iuhodbj, pgrj qug gd gf ejegdtj bg fo gsauamo, sl fo gsauamo
gstï ajdblaljdobo pjr tjbj gsj, vo gd bgtrlegdtj bg fo ldtgrvgdalñd odofåtlao. Qg pugbo j dj
ldtgrvgdlr. Gstj gs fj qug blhj. _ug dj sjejs ldhgdujs auodbj gstoejs gd gsg ffuhor. uhor.

Aorfjs [ojfo9 Qå, aforj. \j argj qug sl dj sjejs ldhgdujs, gd gf egijr bg fjs aosjs, moy qug
gstor obvgrtlbjs bg gstos ajsos poro qug dj sg plgrbo gf ‖eïs offï―. [rgalsoegdtg, sl dj
gsauamïs gf ‖eïs offï―, fj qug moaìs gs su`lrtg o fo vjrïhldg. \ gsj dj gs odoflzor.

Aforo Aruhfon9 Dj, gxoatoegdtg, o gsj opudto`o. Iustoegdtg.

Eñdlao Cubld9 @ugdj, yo… gsto`o fldbj. Hroalos, blhj yj, hroalos pjr vgdlr. Gstï bg ejbo
omjro.

- [ïhldo 00 bg 01 -
Ajpyrlhmt 0;?3 - GC@O - Rjbjs fjs bgrgamjs rgsgrvobjs
 (Plsos)
[jr mo`gr tro`oiobj iudtj ajd djsjtrjs, pjrqug poro djsjtrjs fo vgrbob qug cug ud tro`oij bg
aortgf bjdbg aobo udj cug mo`fodbj bg sus tgeos, qug gsto`o tro`oiodbj, ldvgstlhodbj, y sg
pubj gdrlqugagr ajd fo amorfo pjstgrljr y pjr fos prghudtos bg ustgbgs qug djs pgreltlgrjd o
djsjtrjs toe`lìd ovodzor gd fo fådgo bg pjr bñdbg å`oejs o sghulr tro`oiodbj.
tr o`oiodbj.
Oså qug bg el fobj hroalos o fjs ajepoÿgrjs bgf aortgf y o ustgbgs.

Aforo Aruhfon9 Hroalos o tjbjs ustgbgs.

Eñdlao Cubåd9 @ugdj, yo gstïd fos ùftleos afosgs y bgspuìs sg vo o ohrghor gsto y argj qug
cofto jtro eïs. @ugdj, hroalos, mosto fughj.

(Cld bg fo gxpjslalñd).

DJROQ9
(?) Plaorbj Pjbråhugz [jdtg, Gf Ldajdsalgdtg, fj qug vo bg Crgub o Foaod, Qgeldorlj
Ldajdsalgdtg, GC@O, Iudlj 0;;3.
(0) Ioaqugs Foaod, Eïs offï bgf prldalplj bg rgoflbob, Bgsarlpalñd cgdjegdjfñhlao bg fo
gxpgrlgdalo odofåtlao, Gsarltjs L, Rrobuaalñd9 Rjeïs Qghjvlo, slhfj vgldtludj gbltjrgs,
Orhgdtldo, ?<==.
(1) Plaorbj Pjbråhugz [jdtg, Fo Rrodscgrgdalo, Afådlao y cudboegdtjs, Qgeldorlj blatobj gd
fo GC@O, Pgb bg Qgeldorljs, ?<<=.
(2) Agalflo Lfflo, Wdo bgeodbo portlaufor, Pgvlsto [slajodïflsls y gf Mjspltof, Oÿj ?;, D¹ ?<,
Ldalbgdalos bg fo Fgy, Iudlj 0;;?, (Blrgaalñd9 Eorlj [uiñ).
(7) Eorto Ovlfo, ldtgrvgdalñd gd gf [odgf Fo Obelslñd, Qghudbo Pgudlñd bg fos f os ‖Rgrtuflos
Afådlaos bg
Ofvorgz, fjs Elìrajfgs
Iuodo gd gf Oeghmldj―,
Huteod, Aorfjs [ojfo, ElrtoO`rlf 0;;8,
[lpnld, (Ajelslñd
Qlfvlo Puangr,Jrhodlzobjro9
Flflodo Slbgfo).Eoråo
(3) Mìatjr @roud, ldtgrvgdalñd gd gf [odgf ‖Afådlao Ldstltualjdof―, ‖Qghudbos Ijrdobos
Oduofgs bgf Oeghmldj (?<<7)9 Gf mjspltof moalo gf cld bgf elfgdlj... ºdugvjs pobgalelgdtjs
psåqulajs:― (Ajelslñd bg Ijrdobos9 B. Afgrlal, E. [lpnld, G. Pjegrj, Q. Puangr, [. @lodaml),
[u`flaoalñd bg fo Ajelslñd bg Pgajplfoalñd y [u`flaoaljdgs bgf Oeghmldj (O. Brglzzgd, S.
[uppjfj, Q. Puangr, F. Quorgz, E. Rrlhj), oÿj ?<<7.
(8) Ioaqugs Foaod, Qgeldorlj 7, Fos Cjreoaljdgs bgf Ldajdsalgdtg, Afosg D¹ 7, Rrobuaalñd9
Plaorbj Pjbråhugz [jdtg, @l`fljtgao bg fo GC@O A-1?2.
(=) Ldtgrvgdalñd bg Aorfjs @ge`l`rg gd gf blatobj bgf Qgeldorlj Rrodscgrgdalo, GC@O, Pgb
0;;= bg Gdsgÿodzo y Rrodselslñd - Qgeldorljs Cudboegdtjs bgf [slajodïflsls, eoyj 0;;=.

- [ïhldo 01 bg 01 -
Ajpyrlhmt 0;?3 - GC@O - Rjbjs fjs bgrgamjs rgsgrvobjs